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Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2007 with funding from

IVIicrosoft Corporation

http://www.archive.org/details/bishopburnets02burnuoft

Bifliop B U R N E T's

HISTORY

O F

His Own Time.

VOL. II.

From the Revolution

TO THE

Conclufion of the Treaty of Peace at VrRECHr,

I N T H E

Reign of Queen ANNE.

To which is added,

The AUTHOR'S LI FE, by the Editor.

LONDON:

Printed for the EDITOR, by Joseph Downing in Bartholomnv-Clofe,
and Henry Woodfall in the Strand. 1734.

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A

LIST

O F

SUBSCRIBERS NAMES

TO THE

SECOND VOLUME

Of Bishop 'BV RNET's

Hiftory of Eis own Time.

H

IS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF
^AL ES.

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE.

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS ROYAL.

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS AMELIA.

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS CAROLINE.

HIS MOST SERENE HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF
ORANGE,

Vol. II.

N.B.

Jl t

\ ST

of the

N. 8, Tbofe iiiatk'd with an Afterisk [^] have Subfcribed for

the Large Paper.

H

'IS Grace the Duke o/Ancaftcr.
His Grace the Duke of Argyle.
The Right Hon. the Earl of
Aylestord.
3^e Right Hon. Jofhua Lord Vtfcount Allen.
* 'ithe Right Hon. the Lord Aylmer.

Mr. Jofeph Allen.

Edward Alhe Efq;

Thomas Archer Efq;

The Rev. Mr. Edward Arrowfmith,

The Rev. Mr. Thomas Amory, Three Books.

Mr. Lancelot Andrews of Chcapfide. .

Mr. Edward Athawes Merchant.

Benjamin Avery LL. D.

S'he Right Hon. the Cnuntefs 0/ Albemarle. iWr.Rob.Akenhead of'^cv!c&&k,Bookfelier.

'The Hon. John Aiflabie Efq;

* 1'be Hon. Richard Arundel Efq;

* 1'he Hon. Colonel Armftrong.

* Sir James Afhe Bar.
Sir John Anftruther Bar.
Sir John Aubrey Bar.

Edmund Abbot of Winterborn, Efq;

^be Rev. Edward Abbot M. A.

Mr. Abney.

Alexander Abercromby o/Tilliebody Efq;

William Acton o/r^e Middle Temple, Efq;

Peircc Acourt Efq;

Abraham Adams Efq;

Mrs. Adelize Albinc.

S^e Rev. Mr. Rice Adams, Sen.

Captain Adams.

The Rev. Mr. Rice Adams.

S'be Rev. Mr. William Adams.

* William Arnafl Efq;

Samuel AOiurft Efq;

Mr. Nathaniel Andrews Attorney at Law.

JefFery Amherft Efq;

William Allix Efq;

Arthur Alhley Sykes D. D.

John Anftis Efq; Garter King at Arms.

Mrs. Arfcott.

Jofeph Andrews Efq;

^be Rev. Mr. John Allen of Eaftwick.

Richard Atwood of Pembroke-Hall, Efq;

Robert Andrews Efq.

John Agar of the Middle Temple Efq;

Thomas Amery Efq;

Captain Agneaw.

The Rev. Mr. Aylmer of Wharton,

Anthony Allen Efq;

Mr. Allen, His Majefy's Conful at Naples.

Mrs. Archer.

B.

iicrjr/5' Grace the Duke of Bedford.
_i__|_ His Grace the Duke of Buccleugh,
Five Books.
His Grace the Duke o/Bolton, Two Books.
His Grace the Duke of Bridgewater.

* Her Grace the Dutchefs of Bedford.
Her Grace the Dutckefs of Bolton.,

* Tbe Right Hon. the Earl of Barrymore.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Buchan.

Tbe Right Hon. the Lord Vifcmnt Btt-

rington.
The Right Hon. the Lord Vifctum Bateman.
The Right Hon. the Lord Vi fount Blundell.
The Right Hon. the Lord Bruce.
Tbe Right Hon. the Lord Byron.

* The Right Hon. the Lord Binning.
The Right Hon. the Lady Binning.
The Right Hon. the Lady GrilTel Baillie.
The Right Rev. the Lord Bifhop of Bath ■

and Wells.

* The Hon. George Baillie Efq;
The Hon. Robert Bruce Efq;

The Rev. Mr. )ohn Allen Fellow 0/ Sidney The Hon. George Bridges Efq;

College.

m

Wametord Armftrong

Townfend Andrews Efq; Two Books.

Mr. Thomas Allen of London, Merchant.

Dr. Peter Allix Dean of Ely.

Mr. Andrew Andrews and Company.

* The Lady AUin.

Charles Afgill of Tokenhoufe-yard, Efq;

Mr. Andrews.

Dr. Ayerft, Two- Books.

Mr. Thomas Afliburncr.

Mr. Jofeph Aircy of Newcaftle, Merchant.

Mr. John Andrews of Great Yarmouth,

Merchant.
Mr. John Atlac of Lisbon, Merchant.

Richard Bateman Efq;

* The Hon. Henry Berkeley Efq;
The Hon. Captain John Byng.
Sir Roger Beckhurth Bar.

Sir George Beauhiont Bar.
Sir Edmond Bacon Bar.
Sir Orlando Bridgeman Bar.
Sir Edward Blunt Bart.

* Sir Thomas Brand Kt. Gentleman UJher
to the Green Rod, and Gentleman Ufher
Daily Waiter to His Majefiy.

* Sir Alexander Burnet ofLtzs, Bar.
Sir Humphry Briggs Bar.

Edward Barker of the Inner Temple, Efq;
Mr. Papillon Ball Merchant.

Tht

UBSCRIBERS NaMES.

7li iiev. Mr. Ballai'd Fel/ow of Trinity

Colhge.
Mrs. Mary Anne Bar of Pall-Mali,
Edward Bayly of Evant, M. D.
Edmond Baiigh of the Inner Temple, £f^;
Thomas Barefoot of Winchefter, Bfq;
Thomas Barrett of Lee, £fq;
The Rev. Mr. Thomas B^ll.
Mr. FothLiley Baker. .
Henry Banks of Lincoln'i-Inn, Efq;
Ht^nry Barker of Grove-pl^ce, Efq;
Charles B:irIow 0/ Emmanuel CoUtge, Efq;
John Anrhony BalaquieV Efq',
Richard Baglhaw Efq;
William Balil Efq;
Mr. David Balfour.
Mr. James Bagnell.
The Rev. Mr. John Barker.
John Baskervill Efq;
Mr. Samuel Barret of Cork.
Peter Bathuril Efq;
Benjamin Eathurll Efq;
The Rev. Dr. Samuel Baker.
koberc Monteth Baldwin Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Baker Treafuter of Bangor.
George Ballatd Efq;
The Rev. Dr. Barton.
Richard Bayne Efq; Recorder of Rippon.
Henry Barclay Stewart of Culamey, Efq;
Thomas Baillie of Polkernct, Efq;
Sir William Baird of Newbyth, Bar.

John Baker Efq;
ohn Barber Efq; late Lord Mayor 0/ Lon-
don.
Mr. David Barclay.
Mr. William Baxter.
Arthur Barnardifton Efq;
The Right Hon. William Loi'd Bruce.

* Jonathan Belcher jun. Efq;

* Henry Bellingham Efq;
Mr. Humphry Bell Merchant.
Mr. Robert Bernard of Clapham.
The Rev. Mr. Charles Berry of Salop.
Thomas Bennet LL. D.

Hugh Bethel of Swindon, Efq;

John Bennet Efq; Mafler in Chancery.

Thomas Bennet of Norton Bavant^ Efq;

Luke Bcnne of the Middle Temple, Efq;

William Bennet of the Middle Temple, £/f;

Mr. John Bedwell.

Mr. Charles Bernard of Surgeons Hall.

William Beecher of Howberryj Efq;

Benjamin Benfon Efq;

Mr. Sylvanus Bevan.

The Rev. Mr. William Bettcrley.

Hugh Bethell of Ryfc^ Efq;

The Rev. Dr. Bearcroft.

Thomas Beacon Efq;

Alexander Belehes of Innermag, Efq;

Thomas Bennet Ejq;

Jofeph Bifliop Efq;

Thomas Birch Efq; Sirjeant at Law.

Mr. Bifcoe.

Samuel Birch Efq;

Henry Binficld Efq;

The Rev. Mr. William Birch.

Mr. Charles Bicknall.

WJilliam Bickford of DanHand, Efq;

The Rev. Mr. Robert Billis.

Mr. Samuel Birt Bookfeller.

* Dennis Bond Efq;

Mr. Thomas Bold of New Ian.

Mr. Nicholas Bofquct.

John Bond of Grange, Efq;

Robert BoWes of Thornton, Efq;

Henry Bofvillc Efq;

Thomas Borrctt of the Inner Tcihpic, Ef^;

William Bowles Efq;

Mr. Edmund Boehm.

Mr. Charles Boehm.

John Bouchier Efq;

Mr. James Bonwick Bookfeffer.

* John Briftow Efq;
Edmund Britiffe Efq;
Mr. Briftow of Pool.

The Rsv. Mr. Thomas Bradbury.
Francis Bradfhaw of Gray's-Inn, Ef^;
The Rev. Mr. Brettoh.
Thomas Brocas of Beaurcpaire, Efq;
John Brougham Efq;
John Brown Efq;

Brook Bridges Efq; e/ Great Jamcs-ftrcet.
Samuel Brady of Portfnlouth, M. D.
Orlando Bridgman Efq;
Pufcy Brooke of Portfmouth, Efq;
The Rev. Dr. Henry Briggs.
The Rev. Dr. Bridges of Southwcald.
Mr. Thomas Brookes.
Mr. Nehemiah Brookes.
Thomas Brand Efq;
William Bryan Efq;
Jofeph Brand of the Itiner Temple, Efq;
Ifaac Hawkins Brown of Lincoln's Inn, Efq;
William Brooks of St. John'j, Efq;
Mr. John Bradbury e/Southampton Build-
ings.
Mr. Samuel Brackley o/Oporto, Merchant.
Hugh Briggs Efq;
Thomas Brereton Efq;
Mr. John Brindley Bookfelltr.
John Brome of the Inner Teniplc, Efq;
Henry Bradfhaw Efq;
Mrs. Anne Bromley,
William Brockman Efq;
Brook Bridges Efq;
Mrs. Mary Brooks,
Mr. William Bryan.
Mr, Martin Bryfan.
Mr. Richard Brown.
William Brown Efq;
The Rev. Dr. Broom.
Mr. D. Brown.
Alexander Brodie Efq;
Statap Brooksbank Efq;
Thomas Brace of Hardinftone, Efq;
Mr. Andrew Broughton.

Mr.

A L

IS r

of tht

Mr. Jonathan Bromley.

Mr. George Brice Bookfeller in Leiccftcr.

William Brook 0/ Norwich Efq;

* Colonel John Brown.

* The Rev. Mr. Anthony James Braflalay.
James Burrow Efq; Mafter of the Crown-
Office.

Jofcph Button Bookfeller in Newcaftle.

* Robert Burnet Efq;
Thomas Buck of Wcllwick, Efq;
Mr. Kelfey Bull.

The Rev. 'Mr. William Butterfield, Reifcr

of Midleydon.
William Bumpftcad Efq;

* Gilbert Burnet Efq; Commifjioner of
Excife (It Edinburgh.

The Rev. Dr. Jofeph Butler.

John Bullock of Dines Hall, Efq;

* Nathaniel Burrough of St. Edmonds-
bury, Efq;

Robert Buxton Efq;

Mr. James Budgett.

The Rev. Dr. Bundy Prebendary of Weft-

minfter.
Mr. James Burnet of Barnard'j Inn.
The Rev. Mr. Richard Bullock.
Jeremiah Burroughs of Brillol, Efq; Two

Books.
The Rev. Mr. William Butterfield.
Harry Burrard Efq;
Richard Butterfield Efq;
Mr. Francis Burton Efq;
Samuel Buckley Efq; Two Books.
Anthony Bulair Efq;
Mr. Francis Burdett of Lisbon.
Mr. Jeremy Buckle.
Mr. Nicholas Busfield.
The Rev. Dr. Burton of Winchefter.
Samuel Burroughs Efq;
William Bucknall Efq;
Bartholomew Burton Efq;
John Bullock Efq;
The Rev. Dr. Barnard of Norwich.
Captain Balderftone.

Mr. lohnBindham o/Caius College, CAmb.
Mr. John Beaumont.
Jonathan Blackwell Efq;
John Bance Efq;
Thomas Beckford Efq;
John Bennet Efq;

* Mr. John Bonnell.
Peregrine Bertie Efq;
Matthew Beachcroft Efq;
Mr. Samuel Bever.

Arthur Bernard of the Middle Temple, Efq;
Mr. Beachcrofts.
Captain Thomas Blow.
John Byde Efq; '
William Blunt Efq;
Mr. James Bailey.

John Bowes Efq; SolicitcrGeneral of Ire-
land.
Shadrach Blundell of the Inner Temple,£/^j

Thomas Blencowe Efq;

The Rev. Mr. Anthony Bllfs.

John Blencowe Efq;

Gerard Bothomley Efq;

William Blackburn Efq;

Mr. Weaver Bickerton Bookfeller.

Mr. James Bradley o/Clapham Merchatrt.

Richard Boult Efq;

Richard Banner Efq;

William Battine Efq;

Mr. William Burforcl.

Matthew Bacon Efq;

Richard Banner Efq;

Mr. Edward Billingiley.

Mr. Binet.

William Burton Efq;

Mr. Brotherton Bookfeller.

^T T/5 Grace the Lord Archbifhop cf
Xi Canterbury.

* His Grace the Duke of Chandos, Five
Books.

* Her Grace Anne Dutchefs o/CleavcIand.

* The Right Hon. the Earl of Chefterfield.
The Right Hon. the Earl Cowper.

* The Right Hon. the Earl 0/ Coventry.
The Right Hon. Lord James Cavendifh.
The Right Hon. the Lord Colerain.

* The Right Hon. the Lord Cathcarr,
The Right Hon. the Lord Cornwallis.

The Right Hon. Anne Countefs Dowager of

Coventry.
The Right Hon. Walter Cary Efq;

* The Right Hon. Marmadnke Coghill Efq;

* The Hon. William Clayton Efq-, one of
the Commiffioners of the Treafury.

The Hon. Sir William Chappie King's Ser-
jeant, Two Books.

* The Hon. William Chetwynd Efq-,

* The Hon. Mrs. Clayton.
Sir Charles Crifpe Bar.
Sir Robert Corbet Bar.

* Sir John Chardin Bar.

* Sir William Clayton Bar.
Sir James Campbell Bar.
Sir John Cope Bar.

Sir Bryan Cooke Bar.

* Sir William Codrington Bar.

Sir William Calderwood, one of the Sena-
tors of the College of Jujtice tn Scotland.
Sir George Cooke of the Inner Temple.

* Thomas Cartwright Efq;
Ralph Carr Efq;

Henry Thomas Carr Efq;

Caius College Library in Cambridge.

Mr. Deputy Robert Cady of Ereadftrect.

Mr. Samuel Carkeet of Totnefs.

Samuel Card Efq;

John Cater Efq;

Francis Capper Efq;

John Campbell Efq;

Coniii

Subscribers Names*

Collin Campbell Efq; ColleSlor of the Cuf.

toms at Prefton-pans,
James Campbell of St. Jcrmains, Efq;
William Lacon Child Efq\
The Rev. Dr. Clarke Reilor of St. Magnus.
Thomas Cook Efq;
Thomas Cowflad Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Richard Cumberland.
Hugh Campbell Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Capcll of Stanton.
Mr. James Carr.
Cornelius Caley Efq;
Mr. James Carlos.

Mr. William Candcll, .1 jjiwi.

The Rev. Dr. Carter. ' ' '

John Campbell Efq;
Mr. Carr.

Mr. George Campbell.
John Carter Efq; Secretary 0/ Virginia.
3/r. William Carbonnel. .,. Ai Lrviji
Mr. John Carter of ?on(tnC)iith,Merchaftt.
Mrs. Mary Ceney.
Francis Chute Efq;

Mr. William Chafe Bookfellcr^ Sf^ Books. ■
Richard Chifwell Efq; riliiV/ .•?"••.

Mr. Richard Chafe of Cambridge
Mr. William Chafe.
Mr. Jofiah Chitty Merchant.
John Cholwich of Exeter, Efqi^R-M ?.: -
Mr. Patrick Chepe Merfhant^ '- -'^
John Chadwicke Efq; ntTjC^
Andrew Charlton Efq;,
Charles Chadvvick Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Chalmers, Principal of King's

College, Aberdeen.
The Rev. Mr. Samuel Chandler.

Matthew Chandler of Maidftone, Efq;

Mr. Richard Chauncy.

Dt. Cheyney. ■

VVilliam Chetwin of BcdwingtonjJ?/^;

Seymour Cliolmondeley Efq;

St. John Charlton Efq;

Mr. Lewin Cholmley of Cateaten-ftreet.

Thomas Chudleigh Efq;

Anthony Chute Efq;

Air. Samuel Chandler of Portfmouth.

James Chethara Efq;

Thomas Chiffinch of Northfleet, Efq;

Airs. Chambers of Bartlet'f Buildings.

Mr. John Chifslen of Fenchurch-ftrcet.

John Chetwade LL. D.

Brigadier General Clzyton. ;;;[

A'fr. William C\&y ton Bookfe Her m M^r
chefter. ,•■■•'■-

A'fr. Richard Clements BookfeHer in Ox-
ford.

John Clarkfon Efq;

A'fr. Martin Clare.

Thomas Clarke Efq;

George Clive of Lincoln'^ Inn, Efq.

Thomas Clennell Efq;

A4r. Edward Clench.
Voj.. II.

Samuel Clarke Efq; ^

Sir Thomas Clarke.
Mrs. Mary Clarke.

Charles Clarke o/" Lincoln'^ Inn, Efqi \
Mr. Richard Clay of London, Merchant. ■.
The Rev. Dr. Alurcd Clarke, Chaplain ti^
Hts Majefty. A

Clare Hall Libraty in Cambridge. [

Edward Clivc of Lincoln *.r Inn, Efq;
1 he Rev. John Clarke D.D.
Samuel Clarke of Weft Bromwich, Efq;
William Clifton Efq; SolieitatcfExe^e in
Scotland. Ii.'/f I ) ■ if:r!)i>i

Mrs. Sarah Clarke.

Captain Samuel Clark.' V

Walter Clarill Efq;

Mr. Giles Clutterbuck. |_

John Clavering Efq; ih

George Clarke 0/ Oxford, Efq; LL.Drf^Z
Edward Clarke of Chipley, Efq; "^

Mr. Anthony Clarenbaulo^. 1.1 ... > .^.'A
* Thomas Corbett ij^jtjmD ^m' AT .1^
^ Mrs. Cosburne. , .j.nj ^

John Cocks 0/ Caftic Ditch, Efq; ^

Mrs. Elizabeth, Cornwall.
Dr. Thomas Cox of Nottingham.
Mr. Paul Corbet of London.
Edward Compton Efq;
Edward Coke of the Inner Temple, Efqi
Henry Coape of Duffield Efq;
Anthony Corbiere Efq;
James Cocks Efq;
The Rev. Air. Witting Col ton M. A.

The Rev. Dr. John Colbatch.

Richard Coffin Efq;

Mr. Thomas Colbume.

The Rev. Dr. Conyers Midleton.

William Cowper Efq;

Captain Cockayn.

* Mrs. Congrcve.

Richard Cookefey of the White Lady*J,i5y^| '

Peter Cottingham of ^ampftead, Efq; ^ [

Mr. Robert Cooper. .zisffrlsriJ ,imii[ :\\l\

Mr. Nathaniel Cole.

Francis Cooper Efq;

Mr. William Cofsley of Briftol, BookfeHer^

Aihley Cowper Efq; ' *

Mr. Charles Conga Iton in Edinburgh. ,.

Mr. John Coults 0/ Edinburgh, .^erf>&j»/f A'-

William Cockburn, M. D. 'F.R.S.

Mr. Cofsley.

Mr. John Coke of London, Merchant.

James Cook Efq;

Mr. Charles Coe.

3/r. Matthew Collet. i J.

Mr. Henry Coward 0/ London-, Mircb'ant,

Benjamin Collier Efq;

Miles Cook Efq;

Mr. James Colter.

Vclters Cornwall Efq;

'The Rev. Mr. Comarqus.

b

The

A List of the

The Hon. Mr. Baron Comyns.

Mr. William Coward.

George Crowle Efq;

John Conduit Efq-,

Thomas Coplcfton Efq;

The Rev. Mr. John Copping.

Mr. John Couflmaker.

John Culleton of Bond-ftrect, Efq;

George Courthop 0/ Whiligh, Efq;

Colonel Archibald Cockran.

Mr, John Cox.

Mr. Cromc Merchant. "■

Richard Cromwell of BartletV-BnildiiBfis,

Eh

Mr. John Crofts of Lincoln s Inn, Efq;

Thomas Crifp Elq;

John Crafter of Gray'j Inn, Efq\

Richard Crowle of the IniKr Temple, Efq-.,

Saraiiel Crompton 0/ Derby, Ef^ ...

James Croffe of Winchefter, £/^-' '■>'■'■ ''

/►/fj. Crcflener 0/ London-ftrecr. ■''

Mr. Thomas Croughton. -' '

Mr. Robert Cruckfhank MerchaM.

Thomas Crcmer Efq; ,

The Rev. Mr. Richard Crefly.

Mr. David Crawford 0/ Allirtgton. T' .~^\

Patrick Crawford Efq,

Dr. Crcfwicke.

Mr. William Crachroade. > bv"'-

Mrs. Rebecca Cromp.

Captain Craig.

Mr. Jofeph Croucher. v -UidJ i-iit.

Mr. John Crofhave. * ' "

* Dr. Thomas Crow.

* William Curzon of Kenfington, Ef^t
Dougall Cuthbert Efq\ .' c...iimi.. .

* Michael Cuff Efq\ ' :\^ "vJl r
Colley Cibber Efq;

William Chetwynd Efej:,

John Clark of Sarum, Efq\

George Cheyne M.D.

James Cockburne Efq; . . :; , .....

Mr. James Chalmers. J n-3<\dSi .iVfv

."t■J:^^^■^

D.

.juiiiia ^0

.J J mfiiliiV/

* TfJIS Grace the Dukt o/DorKt, Lord

X Jl Lieutenant of Ireland.
*.Tie Right Hon. the Earl of Dartmouth.

* 7 he Right Hon. James Earl of Darby.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Damlcy.
The Rtght Hon. the Lord Darcy.

The Right Hon. the Lord Digby.

The Right Hon. the Lord Delawarr.

The Right Rev. the Lord B{fhnp of Durham.

The Hon. Mr. fiifiice Denton.

Sir Thomas D'Aeth Bar.

Sir Robert Dickfon of Carberry^ Birr.

Sir lames Dalrym.ple of Hales, Bar.

Sir Bafil Dixwell Bar.

Sir John Diitton Bar.

Sir Charles Dalton Bar.

Sir John Darnall Serjeant at Lav;. ^'-'"^
The Hon. Sir Conycrs Darcy Knight of

the Bath.
Major General Dalzell.

* Mr. Jofeph Da Colla.
Robert Darell Efq;
Thomas Dacrei Efq;
The Rev. Mr. John Davis.

Mr. Peter Darvall of Maidenhead.
Mr. James Davidfon Bookfeller in Edin-
burgh, Fight Books.
William Daye Efq;
Mrs. Dorothea Dafhwood.
Richard Draper of Lincoln'^ Inn, F/jv
Benjamin D'Aranda LL. B.
Mr. Davie of Sidney College, Cambridge.
Peter Davall of the Middle Temple, Ej'q;
Peter Davenport of Macclesfield, Efq;
Robert Davis 0/ Lincoln 'i Inn, Efq;
Edward Dawfon Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Edward Darell.
Mr. Richard Dann Attorney at Law.
Mrs. Mary Dannye.
Richard Dawfon Efq;
Mr. William Dawkins Aferchanf.
George Daftiwood Efq;

* Mr. John Denne of Spiral Fields.
The Rev. Mr. Lewis Debords.
James Deacon Efq;

Mrs. Sarah Dennis.

Mr. Michael Dean. . .

Dr. John Denne, Archdeacon o/Rochcfter.

>^rj. Elizabeth Debcrt. "■^ <-.;...,

Robert Deane £/^v vVIv .u^5l vlY

Kinard Delabere of Sbtitham, Efq;

ikfr. John Deverell Surgeon in BtiSiiA^,^ \ ■"

Captain William Dafty. orlMu '

Mr. John Dowland.

Thomas Dennifon of Lincoln'j Inn, Efc^ '

George Delaval of Barrington, Efq;

Charles Delafaye Efq;

Mr. D'Enew.

Captain Theophilus Desbrefay.

Thomas Difcipline Efq\

Mr. Robert Dick.

Andrew Dickfon Provnfi of Hadington.

Mr. Benjamin De la Fontaine Merchant.

Mr. John Dickfon.

Rumney Diggle Efq;

Samuel Dixfon Efq;

John Diferote Efq;

John Dive Efq; '{^^^ ^

Robert Dinwiddiefyg-^

Richard Dowdefwell Efq; Commiffioner of

Excife at Edinburgh.
Mr. John Dodfwarth.
John Dowdal of the Middle Temple, Efq;
Randal Donaldfon of the Middle Temple,

^heRev. Mr. John Doffie of Sheffield.
Captain Alexander Duroure.
Robert Downg^ Efq;

Walter

Subscribers Names.

Walter Dovey of the Inner Temple, £/^;
'the Rev. A4r. Dovcy M. A.
Jfolin Dobfon £/^-,
James Donn Slieriff C/crk of Stirling.
Mr. James Douglas.
James Douglas M.D.
The Rro. Mr. Samuel D'Oylcy.
7'he Rev. Mr. Downs.
■Mr. John Dowding.
The Rev. Mr. Dobfon.
Mr. Jofeph Downing Printer.
* Henry Diniftar Ef^\
Colortel William Ducket.
Mr. John Dundas of Manner.
William Dunller Efq;
John Duncombc £/f;
Mr. Thomas Dugdale o/Tokcnhoufe-yard.
Mr. John Duprtc.

Mr. Pcrcr Dunoycr Bookfcllcr, 7'hree Books.
John Drummond Efej-.,
Richard Duke of Otterton, Effi
Mr. Hirmphrey Duncalfe Merchartt.
James Drummond c/ Blair DrummOnd,£/^V
Daniel Draper El(]\ ■ i. -\.

Mr. John Djcr of Clapham.
Henry Drax Eftj;
Simon Degge EJ^:,

Baron J)'Alv'a, Mafter of the Ilorfe to the
Prince of Orange. .. -

THE Right Hon. the Lord Chief J uf-
tice Eyre. , . , : ,.
27;c Right Rev. the tm A/Jhfp'of Ex{*t«*r.
Tlye Right Rev. the Lord Bijhop of 'E\^\\W.
'the Right Rev. the Lord Rljbcp of Ely.
^he Hon. James Erskinc E}q:, one of the Se-
nator $ of the College ofjujltce in Scotland.
S'be Hon. George Evans Efq\
* 1'he Hon. Lieutenant General Evans.
Sir Richard Ellis Bar. •"';-''

* Sir Redmond Everard Hai'.

0 nriof

Sir John Eyles.

AuguRine Earle Efcj-.,

Mr. William E,a{lon.

Mr. Edward Eafton Bookfeller in Sarum.

Mr. John Eaton Merchant..

Charles Echlyn Efq-.,

George Edwards of Lihcoln'j Inri, Efe[\

Vigerus Edwards Efq-y

A'fr. Robert Edden.

Humphry Edwin Ef<j\

Patrick Edmonfton o/NeMton Edmonfton,

■/^♦•. Edling, ofie of the Biiforis of the Ex~
"■' Cifcei^er /«. Scotland.
Snmiier Edw^ards Efcfy
William Edwards Efq\
Mr. Eleazcr Edwards.
* Airs. Mary Edwards of Kenfiiigton.
Thomas Elder Ef^;

Francis Eldc Efei\ Mafter in Chancery.

Thomas Elliot o/Portugal-ftrcct, TwoBooks.

John Elford Efq\

John Eldrcd of Saxham, Efq\

Richard Elliot Ffy.,

Thomas Emcrfon Efq\

John Emcrfon LL.B.

7'he Rev. Mr. Robert Emmers.

7'he Rev. Mr. George Englaivi.

Mr. George Ewing Bookjeiler tn Dublin.'

* Thomas Ewer of Highworth, Eltj;

7'he Rev. Mr. Exton of CliddclUon,

7'be Rev. Mr. Richard Extcn M. A.

Mr. Elton.

Giles Eyre £/^; Serjeant at Law.

William Eyre of Lincoln'i loii, Efy;

Robert Eyre Eff., one of His Majefty's

Comwifjioners of Excife.
Edward Eyre Efq-.,

,Mr. Egleton.

Godolphin Edwards Eff.,

*nrHE Right Hon. the Earl of Fitz-
X water.

* The Right Hon. James Earl c/FinlateR
7'he Right Hon. the Earl o/Fiiz-william.
7'he Rt. Hon. Richard Vtfcount Fitz-william.
7'be Right Hon. the Lord Vtfcount VaraSL-

nagh.
7'ht Right Hon. the Lord Foley.
7'he Right Hon. the Lady Forrcller.
7'he Hon. Gilbert Fleming, Lieutenant

General of the Leeward Ifkinds.
Sir Thomas Frank land Bar. one of the

Lords Commijfioners of the Admiralty.

* Sir John Frederick Bar.

Brian Fairfax Efq\ one of the Commiffwners

of the Cuftoms, Tkvo Books.
William Fawkenor Efq-.,
Mr. John Farrington of Clapham.
Mr. Henry Faure.
Mr. John Falkner.

■ ^he Rev. Mr. Fallc, Prebend, of Durham.
Mr. George Far roll.
Francis Fauquier Efq;
Nicholas Fazakerley of the Inner Temple,

Efq;
Dennis Farrcr Efq:,

Mr. Sam'. Fairbrother Bookfeller in DubliA.
Mr. James Fall Merchant in Dunbar.
Jofeph Ferrers Ef%
Edward Fenwick Efq\
Robert Fenwick £/f;
Mrs. Dorothea Fellowes.
Coulfon Fellowes Efq\
William Fellowes Ejq;
Mr. Nicholas Fear.
Mrs. Hannah Fiflicr.
Mr. Robert Findlay o/Glafcow.

» Dr.

A List of the

* Dr. Fleetwood Anhdeacon of Cornwall.

* Henry Fletcher of Salton, Effy
John Floyer of Lincoln^ Inn, Efq-y
Mr. Caleb Flower.
Captain John Fletcher.
William Fortefcue E/r, ^«or«f;' General

to his Royal Highnefs the Prince of
Wales.
John Forfter Efif,
Patrick Forbes £/"f,
Duncan Forbes Ef<]\ Lord Advocate.
Mr. John Foote junior.
Mr. Richard Ford BookfsUer.
Mr. Samuel Fofter Merchant.

Mr. Gabriel Fouace.
Martin Folkes Ef<}\

^he Rev. Mr. Francis Fox M. A.

Major Henry Foubert.

Mr. Jacob FoUer.

Alexander Forreller of the Inner Temple,

Jolfr(^Fowle £/^-, o«^ of His Majefifs

Commtffioners of Excife.
Mr. Thomas f oliambe. _

Thomas Fothergill of York, Ef<j'^ ■ •
JohnFontvive Efq\

George Fothergill of Lmcoln j Inn, £/^,
y^ Rrj. iWr. Forreller.
Timothy Forfter Surgeon in Newcaltle.
Michael Fofter of the Middle Temple, f/f,
John Forbes of CoUoden, Efj;
The Rev. Mr. Forrefter of Canterbury.
Mr. Aaron Franks.
Colonel John FoUiott.
Charles Frederick f/^j
Mr. Edward Franklyn.
The Rev. Mr. William Freeman.
Richard Frankland £/f,
Ralph Freeman Eff., '
Thomas Frewen of Brickwall, £/^i
Richard Freeman Efcjh ^-wo Books.
Arthur Freeman fen. Efq:,
Thomas Freeman jun. Efijh
cthe Rev. Mr. Samuel Fry of Wollan.
Mr. John Fraill BookfeUer in Edinburgh,

Eight Books,
q'he Rev. Mr. Samuel Fry.
,* Afr.Ifaac Franks of Billiter-Squarc
Gcvernour Fitz-william.
John Fuller 0/ Rofc-Hill Efej,
Mrs. Hefter Fuller.

Mr. William Ford of Bafmghall-ftrcet.
Captain Wheeler Fletcher.
John Fuller of Yarmouth, Efy;
fthc Rev. Dr. Fcnton of Lancaftcr.
Mrs. Fountagne.
Stephen Fox Ef<^;
James Frampton £f^i
^he Rev. Mr. Freeman.

G.

* npHjB Right Jfon. the Murquifs of

j[_ Graham.
<The Right Hon. the Earl of Grantham. _
q'hs Right Hon. the Earl of Godolphin,

Two Books,
^he Right Hon. the Earl o/Gainsborough.
The Right Hon. the- Lord Glenorchy.
The Right Hon. the Lord Grey.
The Right Hon. the Lord Gowcr.
The Right Hon. the Lady Betty Gcrmairtc.
The Hon. Sir Charles Guntcr-Nichols Kt.

of the Bath.
the Hon. Major General Groves.
Sir Henry Goodricke Bar.
Sir James Gray Bar.
Sir Samuel Gerrard Bar.
William Garforth of York, Eff, TmBioks.
ithe Rev. Mr. Garnet.
The Rev. Mr. Henry Gaily D. D.
Roger Gale Efq; one of His Majefty'sCom-

miffioners of Escife.
Samuel Gatwardo/ Cambridge, E/^j
David GanfelU/Leighton Grainge, Efq;
James Garland of Lincoln's Inn, £f^i
The Publick Library of Geneva.
Mr. Jolhua Geekie.
The Rev. Mr. William Geekie.
' John Greene of Lincoln's Inn, Ef^h
Dr. William George.
J. Gell of Hopton, Efj; , v. « '^. n " f 1
Mr. Walter Gibbons of Liricoln'i Inn.
Thomas Gill of Lincoln's Inn, £/gi
Mr. Philip Gilbert.
The Rev. Dr. Gilbert Dean of E.xeter.
The Rev. Mr. John Gibb.
The Rev. Dr. Claudius Gibbert.
Mr. Samuel Gibbons Stationer.
Jofeph Girdler Eff, Serjeant at Law.
Mr. John Gill.

Richard Gilpin £/^-, Recorder of Carliflc
John Gibfon £ff, ., >

Mr. James Gilchrift o/Dumfreis, Merchatii.
Mr. James Girl.

;t/j-. Thomas Gittins BookfeUer in Sa\op.'
William Glanville Effj
Mr. Thomas Glover. ■,

John Glanvil Eff-,

Philip Glover Eff, ;;;;.^^

* Mrs. Glover.

Francis Godolphin F/^; , .

John Godfrey of Norton Court £/gi

the Rev. Mr. John Goodwin A. M.

Mr. John Goudge BookfeUer in Weftminftijr.

John Godfrey of the Middle Temple, Ef<j\

Thomas Gouldney of Briftol, Efyy

Thomas Gordon E/i]--,

Mr. Thomas Goddard.

William Gordon £f^-, Provoji of Kirkend-

_ bright. ^^

SUBS^CRIBERS NaMES.

jbr. Gooch, TvJo Books.

Mr. Thomas Godfrey.

Mr. John Gould.

S'be Rev. Mr. Goddard Ficar o^Hclvcrgatc.

Mr. John Goldham.

King Gould Eff^

■ Gold EPi;

Mr. Edward Gouge.

Mr. William Gordon.

William Gofeline f/^j

George GoUop Efq;

Arthur Gore Eff^

Charles Grey Ef^\

George Gregory Efji

Mr. William Grainger, H^riting Mafier in '

Edinburgh.
Mr. Jofeph Grove.

^he Rev. Mr. Green Prebend. 0/ Chichcller.
Mr. Silvanus Groves.
Mr. George Graham.
Hugh Gregor Efq\
Mr. John Gray of Fetter- lane.
^be Rev. Dr. Zach. Grey.
Robert Green 0/ Cambridge, Efqy
Francis Gregor Ef(]\
Captain Green of Stanington Bridge.
Mr. George Grafton, Bookfelier in the

Temple.
Kehemiah Griffith Efa\
^be Rev. Mr. Benjamin Grofvcnor, D. D.
John Guthcrick Ffq\
fthe Rev. Mr. WiUiam Gufthai;jc of Edin-

burgh.
WiUiam Guidott 0/ Liocoln*j Inn, £/^j
Thomas Guinftone Efq:,
Nathaniel Gumdry of Lincoln'!" Inn, Efq-^
Philips Gybbon Efq\
Mr. Fletcher Gyles Bookfelier.
William Gery Ff<j\
Mr. Greenvill fenior.
Mr. Greenvill junior.

H.

HIS Grace the Duke of Hamilton.
* ^he Right Hon. the Earl of
Huntingdon.

* ^he Right Hon. the Earl of Hertford.
fhe Right Hon. the Earl of Harborough.

* 1'he Right Hon. the Earl of Hadinton.
3'he Right Hon. the Lord Hobart.

^ht Right Hon. the Lord Hardwick, Lord
Chief Jufiice of the King's-Bench, I'wo
Books.

^he Hon. George Hamilton Efq\

^he Lady Hanmer.

^be Hon. Alexander Hume Campbell Efq:,

^oe Hon. John Hentdn Efq:^

fbe Hon. Mrs. Howe.

Sir William Heathcoate Bar.

Sir Walter Hawkfworth Bar.

Sir Robert Hildyard Bar.
Vol. II.

Sir folin Hind Cotton Bar.
Sir Charles Hotham Bar.
Sir John Hartopp Bar.

* Sir James Hall of Dunglafs, Bar.

* Sir Richard Hopkins Kt.
Colonel Hawley.

Philip Harcourt of the Inner Temple, Ef^

Mr. Dcnhara Hammond A'ercbant.

Harbord Harbord Efq\

Alexander Hales Efq\

Mr. Thomas Harris of Gray'j Inn.

Hopton Hayncs Ffq\ ^wo Books.

Nicholas Harding Efq'^ Clerk of the Hcu/i

of Connnons.
Thomas Hawes Efq;
Roger Harcne Efq;

Henry Hatfell of the Middle Temple, Efj;
Benjamin Hays of Mark-lane, Efq;
Mr. Samuel Hafwcll Merchant.
Robert Hart of Portfmouth, Efq;
Bcnj. Hall Efq; Principal of Clilford'i Inn.
William Hall Efq;

Chvles Harell of the Middle Temple, Efq;
John Hayes of the Middle Temple, Efq;
Mr. James Hanfon Attorney at Law.
John Hamilton Efq;
George Hathaway of Ware, Efq;
William Harris of Sarum, Efq;
John Hadley Efq;
James Harris of Sarura, Efq;
William Hayward of the Middle Templcj"

Efq;
John Hawey of the Middle Temple, Efq\
Chriftopher Hawkins Efq^
Mr. John Haftings.

Francis Hall of the Middle Temple, Efq'y
Mr. Samuel Handley.
Samuel Hallows in Lancafljire, Efq^
Mr. Stephen Hcrvey.
William Hamilton Efq--,
Mr. William Hawkes of Marlborough.
^he Rev. Mr. Charles Hall of Oxford.
Hr. Hay tor. Archdeacon of York.
John Hammct of Lincoln'^ Inn, £/^i
Mr. John Harrifon.
Mr. George Halftead.
Mr. John Hafwell, Provoji of Jedburgh.
Gavin Hamilton, Bookfelier in Edinburgh.
Mr. Philip Hale.
Mr. John Harris Surgeon.
Air. Thomas Hammond.
Henry Harwood Efq:,
Mrs. Haley.

S. Harris D.D. ReginsProfefforyCiimhxidigr:.
Mr. George Hawkins Bookfelier.
John Harris Efq:,
Henry Hale Efq:,
Mr. William Harris.
James Hawley Efq\
Edward Haifterell Efq'.,
Hanlhaw Halfey Efq:,
Alexander Hamilton Efq'-,

c Mr.

A L

1 S T

of tht

Mr. Ezekid Hall Merchant.

Mr. Tim. Hatchett of London, BookftUef,

Tbe Rev. Mr. Samuel Haliday.

Mr. Jofcph Hayward.

Edward Harrifon Ef<j\

Thomas Haws Eff,

Captain Harvey.

Mr. Abraham Haworth.

William Hedges of Arith, £/^;

Jeffrey Hethcrington of the Middle Temple,

Eff-,
iWn Thomas Heames of hon^on. Merchant.
Mr. Geo. Headlam o/Ncwcaftlc,^#rfr/;tf«r.
John Herring £'gi
Gorges Hcly Efr-,
J«hn Hetherington Efq;
Mr, James Hcnchcll.

_: Henchman, LL. D.

John fames Heidegger Efq\

Stephen Heme tfa:,

John Hcdworth of Chcfter-deanry, Efq\

Mr. Richard Hctt Bookfeller.

Mr. Thomas Heach of New Inn.

Henry Herring Efq;

Mr. J.mes Htnfhaw.

Hugh Henry Efq;

Major General Hill.

9'he Rev. Mr. Rowland Hill.

Samuel Hickman Efq;

fbe Rev. Mr. Hinckcfman.

Mr. J hn Hieron of Little Eaton.

Mr. John Hildyard Bookfeller.

ftke Rev. Mr. Hiley of Reading.

Mr. William Hlrd of Rawdcn.

* ^he Rev.Dr. Holte, /ircb-Deaco/t 0/ Salop.

Hugh Howard Efq^

Dr. Samuel Horfman.

Mrs. Honcywood of Canterbury.

Edward Hooker of Winchcftcr, Efq;

Charles How of Grectworth, Efq;

Ifaac Holroyd Efq;

John Howe of the Middle Temple, Efq;

Mr. John Hollifter.

Mifs Elizabeth Hooker «f Greenwich.

John Hopkins of Lincoln^s Inn, Efq;

John Howe of Hanflopc, Efq; ^

Mr. Philip HoUingworth junior.

Mr. John Hodges Bookfeller.

Henry Hoar Efq;

Mr. Hooper of St. Giles.

^he Rev. Dr. Holland of Merton CoSege.

Richard Holford of Lincoln^j Inn, Efq;

Mr. John Hog of Prcfton-pans, Merchant.

3fr.W"\Hogg jun. ofEdinbargh,Merchant.

Thomas Hodges of Ruflel-ftrcct, Efq;

Dr. Holcorabc.

Mr. George Holliday.

The Rev. Dr. Hooper, Two Books.

Robert Holford Sfp

Robert Hoblyn E^;

Jacob Houblyn E/q;

Peter Hookc, M.D.

Mrs. Honcywood of Eluiftcd.

The Rev. Mr. Hopkins.

John Hows Efq;

Mr. Harrington Horfmanden.

Mr. John Holmes of Southgatc.

Richard HoUings of Lincoln'^ Inn, Efj;

The Rev. Mr. Hornby of Whitington.

Mr. John HoHis.

• Sir James Howe Bar.

• Mejfieurs Houflayc and Viennc of Lif-
bon. Merchants,

• Robert Honeywoed Efq;

Tht Rev. Mr. Hughes, ChanceUer of Ban-
gor.
The Rev. Df. Husbands o/Caius CeUti*,
William Hucks Efq;
Robert Hucks Efq;
Henry Hudfon 0/ Whitlow, Efq;
Thomas Hunt Efq;
Thomas Hunt junior^ Efq;
^e Rev. Matthew Hutton, D.D.
The Rev. Nathaniel Humfrey, LL. D.
Edward Hulfe, MD.
W..Iccr Hungcrford of Calne, Efq;
Mr Edward Hunter of Maidftone.
Governottr Hunter,
St^e Rev. Obadiah Hughes, D. D.
Mr. N icholas Humfrey of Halftead.
Mr. ]4'cph Hurlock.
The Rev. Mr. Bartholomew Hughes.
Mr. James Hind of Glafcow, Merchant.
Mr. oamuel Hyde.
The Rev. Mr. Nathaniel Harding.
John Haw kin Efq;
Charles Hornby of Grty's Inn, Efij;
Mr. Samuel Hardmg Bookfeller.
Charles Hyet of Gloccltcr, Efq;
Mr. Hay of Mordington.
Richard Hoare Efq;
Henry Hoarc Efq;
John Hoggard Efq;
Thomas HoUis Efq;

I.

f~jnHE Right Hon. the Earl $f la-

M chinquin.
The Right Hon. the Lord Vifcount Irwin.

* 7he Right Hon. Sir Jofeph Jekyll, Majier
efthe Rolls.

^he Hon. and Rev. Mr. Ingram.

* ^be Hon. James Johnfton Efq;
The Hon. William Jcffop Efq;
The Hon. Henry Inghram Efq;
The Hon. the Lady Jekyll.

* Charles Jarvis Efq; Principal Painter
to His Majefty.

* Richard Jackfon Efq;
Richard Jackfon Gent.
Mr. Jofcph Jackfon.

Edward Jackfon <?///'< Middle Templc,5/j^;
fhi Rev. Mr. Jackfon.

William

Subscribers Names.

William jamej Efq;

Henry J.icomb Efqi

Mr. Scfphcn Jackfon Merchant.

Mr. Piiilip James.

Samuel Jacomb of Yarmouth, Efq;

Samuel ibbocfon Efq;

Joho Idle of Lincoln'^ Inn, Efq;

Tliomas Jciincr of the Inner Temple, Efq;

Barthol. \cfferyofthe Middle Templc,iiyi^;

Thomas Jcrvoicc of Harriard, E/q;

John Jervis 0/ Darlafton, Efq;

Swinlcn jervis of Mcaford, Efq;

Mrs. Jennings.

John Jeffreys of Lincoln'^ Inn Fields, Efq;

Edward Jeffreys Efq;

John Jermy of ths Inner Temple, Efq;

Nicholas Jeffries Efq;

Jeremiah Immyns Gent.

Arthur Ingram Efq;

Meffieurs Innys ani Manby of London,

Bookfelkrs.
Michael Impcy Efq;
His Excellency Gabriel Johnfon Efq;

* James Joy I fq;
John jolllffe Efq;
R')gtr Jones Efq;

S'te Rev. Walter Jones, D.D. mJ Chaplain

to His Majefly.
Mr. Zcchariah Jones,
Mr. Theodore janfen.
Mr. Henry Johnfon.
Thomas [ones Gent.
Mr. Jobfon Merchant.
Mr. Chriftnpher Joepkin Merchant.
Mr. lohn Iftc'd Bonkfeller.
Jer. Ives Efq, Mayor $f Norwich.
Mrs. Sarah Jenncr.
Beneditt Ithcl Efq;

K.

* T 'TIS Grace the Duke of Kent.

iTl The Right Hon. John Earl of
Kintore.

* ^he Right Hon. the Lord King, 2 Books.
The Right Hon. the Lord Mark Kerr.
The Hon. the Lady KnatchbuU, 2 Books.
Sir William Kcr of Greenhcad, Bar.
John Kay Efq;

* Thomas Kcmpthorne Efq; Commiffiofter
of Hts Majefty's Navy at Chatham.

Dr. Kerrich 0/ Cambridge.

Anthony Keck Efq;

The Rev. Mr. Samuel Kcnich M. A.

Abel Kctclbcy of the Middle Temple, £/^;

F.R.S.
Mr. James Kennedy tf Kclfo, Merchant.
Mr. George Kennedy of Romana.
James Kendall Efq;
John Kendall Efq;

Mr. Lawrence Kelly 0/ London, Merchant.
William King Efq\ LL. D.

Mr. Timothy Kiplln of Ackworth,

Edward Kinfcy Atkins Efq;

Hezekiah King Efq;

Mr. Matthias King.

3lje Rev. Dr. Knight, Chaplai» to Mis

Majefiy.
Jerome Knap of Habcrdalhers Hall, Gent.
John Knowler Efq;
Meffieurs James, John ani Paul KnaptoD,

BonkfeUers.
William Kynafton Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Kinckes, Rtaor tf/BUnchJll.
Major James Kennedy.

L.

• npH£ Right Hon. the Marquifs of

JL Lothian.

• TbeRigit Hon. the Earl of Leiceftcr.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Loudoun.
The Right Hon. the Lord Vifcou»t Lyming-

ton.
Tie Right Rev. the LordBifhop of London,

STtt'o Books.
^jeRigktRev. the Lord Bijhop o/Litchficld.
Tie Hon. Mr. Jufttce Lee.
^'« Hon. Hcucage Lcggc Efq;
^he Hon. Mrs. Lumley.
Sir William Lemmon Bar.
Sir Berkeley Lucy Bar.
Sir Thomas Lowther Kt.
Sir Edward Lawrence Kt.
Sir Thomas Littleton Kt.

• Matthew Lamb of Lincoln*! Inn, Efq;
John Lang cf the Middle Temple, Efq;
William Lamblon o/Lincoln*i Inn, Efq;
The Rev. Dr. Lang with.

Penifton Lamb Efq;

TbeRev.Mr.john Latham, Plcar 0/" Shrews;

bury.
John Lacy of the Middle Temple Efqi
E. Latham, M. D. of Findem.
Thomas Langford of Nottingham, Gent.
Mrs. Lacy.

Mr. Andrew Lavington.
Mr. John Launder of the Middle TempU.
Mr. James Lancafliire.
Richard Langley Efq;
Daniel Lambert Efq;
The Rev. Mr. John Lavington.
The Rev. Dr. Lee.
Mrs. Anne Leighton ef Pall-Mali.
Mr. Thomas Lee.

Mr. Onefiphorus Leigh o/Tootinj.
Mr. Lewis.
Mr. Thomas Lee,
Percivall Lewis of Putney, Efy;
Charles Legh Efq;
Thomas Lewis Efa;
Edward Lewis Efj;
Mr. Richsird Lechmcrc of Salter* Hall.
Thomas Le« of Chefter, Eff;

CMftain

A List of the

Captain William Leman-

Mr. Leonard.

Mr. George Lewis.

Chriftopher Lethuillier Efq\

James Lever Efq\

Edward Leeds of the Inner Temple, Efq-,

Samuel Legg Samber, M. D. of Sarum.

Smart Lethieuillicr Efq;

The Rev. Mr. Richard Levctt.

Mr. George Lee.

Francis Leymoure Efq;

The Rev. Mr. John Lewis.

Mr. Simon Lc Blanc.

The Rev. Mr. James Ligertwood, M. A.

Thomas Lifter of Bawcry, Efqi

George Lillington Efq;

Mr. John Lifter.

Captain John Lightfoot.

^he Rev. Mr. Charles Lidgould.

Mr. William Limbcry.

Mr. Samuel Lillington.

Richard Lloyd of the Middle Temple, ^/^j

n'he Rev. Mr. John Lloyd.

Mr. Edward Lloyd.

David Lloyd Efq;

James Lloyd of Lanceing, Efq;

Philip Lloyd Efq;

Mr. Francis Loggin.

John Lockhart of Lee, Efq;

Mr. John Lothian, Divinity Prefeffor in

Glafcow.
Mr. David Lothian of Glafcow.
George Lockart of Carnwath, Efef,
William Lock Efq\ ^-wo Books.
Mrs. Mary Love.
Ifrael Long of Dunfton, Efq;
Mr. John Lock ley.
Mr. Jofliua Locke.

Edward Louifa Man o/Lincoln'j Inn, Efq\
Mr. Jofeph Lord, BookfsUer in Wakefield.
John Locke of the Inner Temple, Efq--,
Mr. George Lodge Bookfeller.
Grey Longucvilie Efq\
Mr. Benjamin Louguet.
Henry Luffan Efq\

Mr. John Luke of Glafcow, Merchant.
Franklyn Lulhington Gent.
Thomas Luck Efq\
Thomas Lunt of Macclesfield, Gent.
Mrs. Heftcr Lumbrofo of Aliens-Court,
Colonel Lyddell.

George Lynch, M. D. of Canterbury.
Dr. John Lynch, Prebend of Canterbury.
Lionel Lyde of Briftol, Efq:,

* Mr. Deputy L'Quefnc.
Mr. Hewling Lafon.

S'he Rev. Mr. Samuel Liflc.
Mr. Henry Lintot Bookfeller.

* Mrs. Sufannah I^owe.

Mr. Thomas Lediard of Weftminfter,

John Locker Efq\

Thomas Lane of the Inner Temple, Efa

Henry Lawton Efq;
John Lawton Efq;

M.

HIS Grace the Duke of Manchefter.
* Her Grace the Dutches Dowager
of Marlborough.

* His Grace the Duke of Marlborough,
^■we Books.

* His Grace the Duke of Montrofe.

* Her Grace the Dutchefs of Manchefter.

* The Right Hon. George Earl of Mac-
clesfield.

* ^he Right Hon. the Earl of MtLtchmont.
fhe Right Hon. the Lord Vifcount Middle-
ton.

^he Hon. the Lady Murray.

* ^he Hon. Edward Montague Efq;
3^he Hon. Thomas Maynard Afq;

3'he Hon. Lewis Morris, Chief Juftice in

New York.
^e Hon. Colonel Lewis Mordaunt.

* Sir William Morrice Bar.
Sir Francis Molineaux Bar.
Sir John Molefworth Bar.
Sir John Maxwell of Pollock.

* James Macrae Efq; Governour of Fort
St. George.

* Roger Mainwaring Efq;
Miles Man Efq;

John Mafon of the Middle Temple, Efqi.
Thomas May of Godmerftiam, Efq;
Dr. Maurice, Dean of Bangor.
Manchefter Library.
William Manfcll Efq;

* Mrs. Maynard.
Peter Mafcres Efq;

Mr. Thomas Matthew of the Inner Temple.
Mr. Richard Mancklin, Bookfeller in York.
Mr. John Mackncy of Salisbury.
Mr. Andrew Martin, Bookfeller in Edin-
burgh, Eight Books,
^he Rev. Mr. Maxwell.
Mr. Charles Mafon.

Anthony Marlay o///&eMiddleTemple,E/^;
Mr. Samuel Mayne.
Colonel John Martin.
John Marlh of the Middle Temple, Efq;
|ohn Mafon Gent,
Robert Macky Efq;

Mr. Obadiah Marryett, Attorney at La'X. '
Mr. Robert Marlh of London, Merchant.
Dr. Ifaac Maddox.

Edmund Malonc of the MiddleTemple,Ey^;
Mr. James Mallortie.
Thomas Martin of Clapham, Efq;
John Mann of Tooting, Efq;
Mr. William Mann of Clapham,
Robert Marfham Efq;
Nicholas Mann Efq;
Magdalen College Library.

Edward

Subscribers Names.

Edward Mann Efq;
Herbert Mackworth Efq;
Richard Marriott Efq., of the Exchequer-
Office, Lincoln'j Inn.
Henry Maifter of Hull, Efq;
Dr. Manwariiig of Manclieftcr.
Benjamin Marten, M.D.
Gelaiius Mackmahon Efq-y
Thomas Maftcrs Efq^
Charles Marflial Eff-,

Macdowal E/q;

Mr. Jof. Marftron.

SThe Rev. Air. William May.

Captain Robert Man.

The Rev. Mr. Markwick.

Mr. Bryan Mackreth.

Robert Mann EJq\

Miles Mann Efq\

Mr. Alexander M^cauU of Hadinton.

Samuel 'M.'-. c\d\in, Portioner 0/ Dalkeith.

* Richard Meade, M. D. F.R.S.

Mr. William Mein, Beokfeller in Dumfreis.

Samuel Mead Efq;

Mr. Robert Meefc of New Inn.

William Melmoth o^Lincoln'i Inn, £/jj

Francis Meyfcy Efq-.,

Thomas Medlicot Efq:,

Captain Thomas Meads.

George Medcalfe o///&e Inner Temple, Efq;

Merton College Library.

John Merrill Efq-.,

Mr. Meadowcourt.

John Meller of Erthigg, Efq\

James Millcken jun. of Milleken, Efq\

Jonathan Micklethwait of Croydon, Efq-^

Chriftopher Milles of Nackington, Efq'-,

Patrick Mitchell of the Middle Temple,

EJq\

Mr. John Milnes, Merchant in Wakefield.
Mr. Daniel Midwinter, Bookfetter.
John Milner of the Middle Temple, Efq\
George Milborne Efq\
John Milner Efq;
Mr. George Middleton.
The Rev. Mr. Robert Miliar, o/Paifley.
The Rev. Mr. John Millar, of Old Kil-

patrick.
John Mitchell, M.D.
'Ihe Rev. Mr. Millar, Viicar of Hillindon.
William Mills of Leeke, Gent.

* Jofeph Moyle Efq; Clerk of the Signet.
Mr. Samuel Morrice.

Mr. Samuel Mountfort, BookfsUer in

Worcefter.
^'he Rev. Mr. Henry Moor.
Robert Moreton Efq;
Samuel Morris Gale of "New Inn, Gent.
Mr. John Morfe.
Mr. James Mowld.
John Moody of Havant, Gent.

* William Morehcad E/q;
Morgan Morfe of London, Gent.

Vol. II,

f/

.1
4,

Mrs. Catherine Morrice.

7'he Rev. Mr. Morgan, Prebend of Win-

cheftcr.
James Montagu of Laikham, Efq;
Charles Molineaux of Feverlhall, Efq;
Henry Montagu of Lincoln'^ Inn, Efq;
William Moreton of the MiddlcTemplc,£/^,
Spark Molefworth Efq;
Sir Ofwald Moflcy.
Mr. Charles Mofely, Fellow of Morton

College, Oxford.
Charles Mountaguc Ffq;
7'he Rev. Mr. Lewis Monoii.x.
Humphry Monoux £/f*,
George Mon(bn Efq;
Charles Monfon Efq^
Mr. Robert Morris of Furnival'j Inn.
Jonas Morris of Cork, Efq;
* Mr. Peter Muileman.
Jofeph Mufgrave Efq;
T'he Rev. Mr. Hugh Munro, Minifter at

Tain.
Jofeph Murray of New York, £/^-,
1'he Rev. Mr. Gill. Michell, M. A.
Mr. Collet Mawhood.
Mr. Millican, Apothecary.
Mr. Benjamin Motte, Bookfetter,
The Rev. Mr. Henry Miles.
Mr. Matthews.

N.

HIS Grace the Duke of Norfolk.
^he Right Hon. the Qountefs D&X(U

^«r of Northampton. A r<h '• • '
T'he Right Rev. the Lord Bi_^p'of ^ormch.
The Hon. Sir Michael Newton, Knight of

the Bath.
The Right Hon. the Lady Francis Naflau.
y^ei/o/?. Henry Naflau Efq;
Robert Nafh of Norwich, Efq;
Richard Nanfan of Worcefter, Efq;
Dr. Nailer, Dean of Winchefter.
Wyndhanx Napier of the Middle Temple, '

Bfq;
Richard Nafti Efq-.,
T'he Rev. Mr. William Newton.
Noah Neale Efq;
Edward Newton Efq;
T'he Rev. Mr. Neden, Re^or o/Rougham.
The Rev. John Newey, D. D.
Thomas Newnham Efq; . ,

Mr. Henry Newcome, Scboolmafier <?Aw

Hackney.
The Fev. Mr. Richard Newcome.
Robert Nelfon Efq; -r T

Mr. Albert Nesbitt. |-l

Mr. William Newnham. ■*" ^

Mr. John Newman.
Mr. Gabriel Neve, Attorney at Lay}.
Alexander Nesbit of the Middle Temple,

d Dr.

A List of the

Dr. John Newington.

^he Rev. Mr. Daniel Neal, M. A.

3l'e Kiv. Mr. Newton of Wingham.

'The Rev. Mr. John Needham of Weltbourne.

The Rev. Dr. Nicolls, Vicar o/Crippkgate.

Mr. Jofiah Nicholfon of Clapham.

Mr. George Nirgoe.

Mr. George Nichols.

Mr. William Nicholas.

Francis Nichols of halt's Green, Efq\

Colonel Norton.

William Northey Ef^-.,

Mr. John Noon, BookfeUer.

William Norclifte of the Inner Temple, E/^;

John Norris Efcj\

Fettiplace Nott of the MiddleTemple, £/^;

Charles Nourfe £/^i

John Norris £/^;

Edward Northey Efef,

Mr. Jofcph Noy.

Henry Norris Efq;

Mr. Henry Norris of London, Merchant.

Mr. James N 'Smith.

Mr. Alderman Nuthall.

O.

*nrHE Kight Hon. the Earl o/Or-

X rery.
* The Kight Hon. the Earl of Oxford,

Three Books,
"fhe Right Hon. the Earl of Orkney.
The Kight Kev. the Lord Bifloup of Offory.
The Kight Hon. Arthur Onflow, Efq;

Speaker of the Houfe ofComtHWS,
Sir Danvers Osburne Bar. \ .v^il \:
Sir Adolphus Oughton Bar.
William Oaker Gent.
Lucy Oliver Ef(f;
Crew Offley Ef<^;
The Rev. Mr. Orem of New York.
William Orlcbar Efq;
Robert Ord Efq;
William Osbaldefton Efj;
Mr. Thomas Osborne, BookfeUer.
Meffteurs Osborn andhonpaaajBookftUers.
Mr. John Ofwald, BookfeUer.
yWf.Henry Overton, o/Charterhoufe-fquare.
Jabez Owin of Warrington, Efq;
Thomas Owen c/Lincoln'j Inn, Efq;
Mr. Edmund Oyden, Merchant.
Mr. Henry Owen.
Mrs. Maria Onflow.

HIS Grace the Duke of Portland.
ne kight Hon. the Lord Vifcount
Palmerfton.
The Kight Hon. the Lord Percival.
The Kight Hon. the Lord Polwarth.
The Kight Hon. the Lord Harry Pawlet.
The Kight Hon. the Lord Naflau Pawlct.

* The Right Hon. the Qountefs 0/ Pembroke,
The Kight Hon. the Lady William Pawlet.
The Right Hon. the Lady Polwarth.

The Hon. Willam Pawlet Efq;

The Hon. Air. Juftice Page.

The Hon. Mr. Jujiice Probyn.

The Kight Kev. the Presbytery o/Hadlnton.

Sir John Prideaux Bar.

* Thomas Parker of the Inner Temple, Efq-,
John Palmer of the Middle Temple, Efq;
David Papillon o/?/?'^ Inner Temple, Efq;
William Page of Lincoln'^ Inn, Gent.
Henry Partridge Efq;

Mr. John Paltock, Banker.

Abraham Payne of St. Chriftophcr'j, Efq;

John Parflow Efq;

Charles Payne of Otterden, Efq;

The Kev. Mr. Parker.

The Kev. Mr. Dennis Payne, o/Hanbury.

Mr. John Payne.

Mr. John Paton, BookfeUer in Edinburgh,

Thirteen Books.
Mr. John Parkhill, Agent to the Excife in

Scotland.
Robert Paul Efq;

Mr. Thomas Payne o/London, BookfeUer.^
Nathaniel Payler Efq;
Mr. John Page of Oporto, Merchant.
Mr. William Parker of London, BookfeUer.
Mr. William Pawfon of Oporto, Merchant.
Mr. Thomas Parilh.
John Page Efq;

Mrs. Page, BookfeUer in Chcfter.
Mr. Thomas Payne.

* Mifs Perris's in New Bond-ftreet, Tipo
Books.

Jeremiah Pemberton Efq;

The Kev. Zachary Pearce, D. D.

William Pecre Williams jun. Efq;

Newlham Peers Efq;

Captain John Petit.

Mr. John Peters of Spittle Square.

James Pennyman of Ormsby Efq;

Air. John Ptrryman.

Pembroke-Hall Lii>rary in Cambridge.

Chefter Pern 0/ Cambridge, Efq;

John Penny Efq;

John Penrofe o/f^e Middle Temple, Efq;

jofliua Penbroke of Lincoln'j Inn, Efq;

Ralph Petley E/q;

Air. John Pemberton, BookfeUer.

J olhua. Pembroke £/^;
lutton Perkins Efq;
Edward Pennant of the MiddkT^m^k,Efqi
Mr. Jofeph Peacock of Huntingdon.
Air. William Petrie.
Mr. James Peirce.
"Micajah Perry Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Nicholas Pearfon.
The Kev. Ralph Perkins, D. D.
Jeremy Pemberton Efj;

* John Phillipfon Efq;

Subscribers Na ^e s.

Mr. Thomas Phillips.

Mr. Gravcll Philips.

Erafmus Philipps Efq;

Thomas Phillips of the Middle Temple,

Efq; ,

Mr. John Pickering.
Robert Pigot Efq-,
Favcl Pike Efq;

Pinfold, LL. D.

Mr. John Pigou 0/ Hamerfmith, Two 5oo)fej.
Mr. Thomas Pilkington, Bookfsller in

Cork.

* Woolcomb Pollexfcn of the Middle
Temple, Efq;

* John Pollexfcn of Wcmburg, Efq;
Mr. John Powel of Salisbury.
Henry Plumptrc, M.D.

Fitz- William Plumptre oftbe Middle Tem-
ple, Efqi

John Plumptre of Nottingham, Efq;

Mr. John Plant.

William Plumer Efq\

Richard Plumer Efq;

■ Plumpton Efq;

Mr. William Plomer.

Charlas Polhill Efq; one of His Majejiy*s
CommiflioHers of Excift.

Mr. John Poyner of Iflington.

Mr. Robert Pountney of Kcnfington.

James Porteen Efq;

John Pollen of Lincoln'^ Inn, Efq;

Mr. Jofeph Potc of Eaton, Bookfelkr.

Thomas Porter Efq;

Henry Powel Efq;

William Povvlett Efq;

William Poyntz Efq;

Mr. Deputy Pometoy.

a'he Rev. Dr. Powell, Dean of St. Afaph.

David PolhiU Efq;

Mr. Henry Alexander Primrofe.

Samuel Prime of the Middle Temple, Efq-,

Edmund Prideaux of Padllow, Efq;

Mr. Nathaniel Primatt, Cbyniift.

^he Rev. Dr. Daniel Primrofe.

Mr. Thomas Prince of Lyntoo.

Jenkin Price of Brecknock £/^i

Mr. Godfrey Puis.

Captain George Purvis.

Humphry Pudner of Canterbury, Efq\

William Pulteney Efq-^

Mrs. PurccU.

Mrs. Pultncy.

Reginald Pynder Efq\

Hcnrv Pye Efq\

A/rj. Elizabeth Phill.

Mr. Parridge of Hampftead.

The Rev. Mr. Perry, M. A.

a

* T "JJ S Grace the Duke o/Queensbury.

bridge.

Queen'j Col/e^e Library in Cam-

R.

HER Qract the Dutcbefs Dcrjcartr of
Rutland.

* Ibe Right Hon. the Earl of Rothes.

* The Right Hon. the Lord Ranclagh.
The Rtght Hon. the Lord Chief Baron Rey-
nolds.

The Right Hon. the Lord Raymond, Tao

Books,
^e Hon. Thomas Reeves f-fq\ one of the

Jujiices of the Common Pleas.
Sir John Rufliout Bart.
Sir John Rodes Bart.
Sir Leonard Rcrcsby Bart.
STie Lady Rous,
The Rev. Mr. Rawlins, Chaplain t9 the

Hon. Society of Lincoln'j Inn,
Mr. Francis Rainsford.
Mr. Richard Rann of Bermingham.
'The Rev. Mr. Ray,
John Raymond Efq\
S'he Rev. Mr. Herbert Randolph.
^he Rev. Mr. William Raitrick, )

PcUiint Reeves Efq\ c

*the Rev. Mr. Reeves Junior of Ipfwich.
Pr. Rennet,
Thomas Reeve, M. D.
William Revely £/^j
Mr. Thomas Reading.
John Reynolds Efq:,

* Robert RaikesFulthorpe, Ef^j
William Richardfon of the Middle Tem-
ple, Efq;

Paul Rifely of Chitwood, Efq\

George Riggs of the Middle Temple, Efq'y

William Richardfon of Smalley, £/^j

Mr. Charles Rivington, Bookfclier.

Jonathan Richardfon Efq;

William Rider of Bufton, Efq\

Mr. Rider, Surgeon at Greenwich,

Major Roberts of Lord Cobham'j Horfc.

John Roberts of Appley £/"f,

William Rous Efq\

Mr. John Rogers, Attorney at Law.

^he Rev. Mr. Benjamin Robertfhaw,

Mr. Thomas Rogers.

Matthew Robinfon cf Mount Morris, £/f5

Samuel Rowc Efq-.,

Mr. Jeremiah Roe, BookfeUer in Derby.

John Roberts Efq\

Mr. Robert Robinfon.

Mr. Samuel Robertfofi c/Kel fo, Merchant.

Chriflopher Rhodes Eftr, Comptroter of

Exctfe tn Scotland, 'T'-joo Books.
John Rooper Efq\

William Rogers */ Dowdefwell, Efq\
Robert Robinfon Efq\
Nicholas Rotlhouk Efq\
The Rev. Mr. Robcrtfon.
The Rev. Mr, Robertfliaw.

Mr.

A 'List of th

Mr. James Round.

Henry Robinfon Ef<j\ Comviijfwner of Ex-
cife at Edinburgh.

^e Rev. Mr. John Roberts.

William Roope of Fuge Ef^\

Chriftopher Rogers of Cork f/^;

9'be Library of the Cathedral of Kod^^ix.

^be Rev. Mr. Roffyniack.

Mr. Michael Ruflel.

Mr. John Rufli in Scotland-yard.

Samuel Ruflel of Newington-Grcen, Efq-.,

S'be Rev, Mr. John Rufh of Bacoulthorp.

Chriilopher Rundlc 0/ Norton Folgate, Sal-
ter.

'The Rev. Dr. Rundle.

Mr. Thomas Ryles.

Dudley Ryder EJq:, His Majejiy's Solicitor
General.

Rich". Ryder of the Clofe 0/ Litchfield, Efq:,
.The Rev. Dr. Regis.

Mr. Ranew Robinfon, Bookfeller.

S.

HIS Grace the Duke of Somerret.
His Grace the Duke of St. Albans.

* Her Grace the Dutchefs of St. Albans.

* Tlje Right Hon. James Earl of Salisbury.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Strafford.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Shelburn.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Stair.

Ti'i Right Hon. James Earl of Strathmorc,
The Right Rev. the Lord Bijaop of Sarum,

Two Books.
The Right Rev. the Lord Bifbop of St.

Afaph. I

The Right Hon. the Countefs of Suffolk.
The Right Hon. the Lady Stanhope.

* The Hon. John Spencer Efq:,
The Hon. the Lady Savile.

The Right Rev. Mr. John Simpfon, Divini-
ty Profeffor in Glafcow.

The Hon. Sir Luke Schaub.

Sir Edward Stanley Bar.

The Hon. Sir William Stanhope.

Sir Thomas Style Bar.

Sir William Strickland Bar.

Sir Robert Smith Bar.

Sir Thomas Sebright Bar.

Sir Robert Salsbury Cotton Bar.

Sir John Stanley Bar. firft Commifftoner
of His Majefiy's Cuftoms.

Sir George Stuart of Gairntilly, Bar.

Sir Robert Sinclair Bar.

Sir Hans Sloan.

Sir John Stathsm.

Sir John Shadwell.

Madam Margaretta Sabine.

George Sayer Efcj%

Thomas Sadler of the Exchequer, Efy.,

lohn Sare of the Middle Temple, Ef^;

James Sampfon of the Inner Temple, Efq\

^je

Richard Salwey o//,?'f Moor, Efqt,

Mr. Savil of Threadueedle Street.

Daniel Sadler Efq-,

Ed. Sainthill Efq;

Samuel Sandys of Omberfly Court, Efq;

George Sawbridge Little Efq;

Mr. Richard Samborne of Sarum, Mer-
chant.

Mr. Mark Sandilands c/ Edinburgh, Mer-
chant.

Jeromy Sambrookc Ef<i\

Thcophilus Sal way Efq\

George Savil Ef<]\

Mrs. Sabine.

Henry Sayer Eff.,

Major Anthony Sauin.

The Rev. Dr. Savage.

Mr. John Savage.

The Rev. Dr. Salter of Norwich.

* John Sawbridge Eff,

* Peter Signoret £/^j
Francis Scott Eff,
Mr. John Scrimfliirc.
Henry Selwin £/^;
Mrs. Selwin. ... _ /
Mr. Sedgwich. '
John Stephens f/f ;

Mr. Richard Sherbrooke of St. Sepulchres.

Anthony Shepherd Efej;

Thomas Sharer of Squthampton, Eftf,

William Sharpe Eftj; one of his Majejiy's
Clerks of the Council.

Mr. Uriah Shudall.

John Shelling E/^^

The Rev. Dr. Sharp of Durham.

Mr. James Shrapnell of Bafinghall Street.

Mr. John Shuckburgh, Bookfeller. ,,

ilichard Shuttleworth E/^i

Mr. Richard Shirriff o/Prefton-pans, Mer-
chant.

Mr. Shuttleworth.

Mr. Jeremiah Shadwell.

Mr. Shepherd.

Mrs. Sherlock.

* Mr. Benjamin Shepherd.
Mr. Thomas Sikes, Merchant.
Mr. Simkins.

Mr. Nathaniel Sidgwicke.
The Rev. Mr. Jofeph Simmons.
Edward Simpfon Efq;
William Sloane Efq;
Charles Sloane, Carpenter at Greenwich.
William Sloper jun. Efej;
The Rev. Mr. Thomas Sleigh.
Mr. John Smart.
Charles Smith Efq;
Mr. Thomas Smith, j4pothecary.
John Smale of Wheatenhurll, Efq;
Mr. William Smith, Merchant.
Air. Thomas Smith of Sarum.
Mr. Benjamin Smithurft, Bookfeller. 7
Mr. William Smith, Bookfeller in Dublin.

Jofeph

Subscribers N a m e s.

fofeph Smith Efq;

The Kev. Mr. Robert Smith.

William Smith of New York, £/"^;

Ateffieurs Smith and Bruce, Bookftliers in

Dublin,
5 Robert Snell £/f j Bencher of tbt Inner'

Temple.
Mr. Thomas Snow, Banker.
William SncUing Efq;
James Sothcby of Hatton Garden, Efq'y
Edward Southwell Ef<j\
William Somcrville Efof:,
Thomas South Efq:,

3'he Rev. Mr. Sprint, of Milbornfr-port.
Mr. Benjamin Sprint.
John Spelman of the Inner Temple, Efq:,
George Spooner Efq-,
Richard Spearman Eftj'^
fbe Rev. Mr. Sprint.
Nathaniel Springal £/^-,
Thomas Stanyford Efq:,
John Strange o//i&ff Middle Temple, Efq\
Mir. Charles Statham of London, ^ieTchmt.
Mr. Peter Storcr, of the Inner Temple.
^e Rev. Mr. John Sturges, o/Winchcftcr.
William Strahan, LL. D.
Mr. Stuart, of Ludlow.
Charles Stanhope of Park-place, Efq:,
BoSior Stephens.
Thomas Skinner Efq:,
Oliver St. John of Lincoln'^ Inn, Efq\
Matthew Skinner Efq:, Serjeant at Lav:.
Ralph Skerret, D. D. Re6ior of St. Peter

the Poor. ',
James Stewart Efq;

Thomas Stephens 0/ if ;&f Liner Temple, Efq:,
Mr. Paf. Stevens.

St. Peter's College Library in Cambridge.
Mr. Robert Scretfield of Delaware.
Mr. Edward Strong.
Mr. John Stagg, Bookfeller.
Francis Stonehoufe Efq:,
^he Rev. Dr. Stillingfleet, Dean of Wor-

cefter.
fthe Rev. Mr. Edward Stillingfleet.
Mrs. Anne Stillingfleet.
Mr. John Stark of Glafcow, Merchant.
Mr. John Steedman, Surgeon in Kinrofs.
Mr. Andrew Stalker, Bookfeller in Glaf-
cow, Eight Books.
Mr. William Steele.

Mr. John Stevens, Fellow o/Merton College.
7'be Rev. Mr. Fairfax Stillingfleet.
Alexander Strahan Efq'y
Mr. George Strahan, Bookfeller. .
Mr. Samfon Stert of Oporto, Merchant.
Mrs. Anne Strode.
Mr. William Stratton.
7ht Rev. Mr. Charles Stewart of Dublin.
* Benjamin Swctc of Norfolk-ftrect, Efq:,
William Spiccr Efq; Mafter in Chancery.
Mr. Thomas Swayne.

V o I . n.

Mrs. Sutherton of Norwich.

The Rev. Mr. John Swinton, M. A.

'the Rev. Mr. Sumner, 0/ Cambridge.

Mr. Richard Shi rriffo/Prefton- pans, Mer-
chant.

the Rev. Mr. William Smith.

John Sladc of Warminftcr, £fq\

The Rev. Mr. George Sykcs, Vicar of
Prellon.

Humphry Sydenham of the Inner Temple,

^EJq;

The Rev. Mr. John Symmonds o/Ottcrden.

William Symonds Efq;

Edward Spcllman Efq'.,

Thomas Shalcrofs Efq;

the Rev. Mr. Smith of Cuddicot.

Mr. Skinner, Attorney at Law.

Robert Scot Efq;

the Rev. Mr. Swinton, M. A.

Mr. John Scrimlhire, two Books.

John Smith of Lee, Efq;

THE Right Hon. Charles Lord Talbot,
Lord High Chancellor of Great Bri-
tain.
His Grace the Archhifhop of Tuam.
the Right Hon. the Mar qui fs o/Twecdale.
the Right Hon. the Earl of Thanet.
the Right Hon. the Earl of Thumond.
the Right Hon. the Earl of Tankerville.

* the Right Hon. the Lord Vifeount
Townftiend.

the Right Hon. the Lord Vifeount Torring-
ton.

* The Right Hon. the Lord Tyrconnell.
the Hon. Colonel Townftiend.

the Hon. Thomas Townftiend, Efj;
the Hon. Mr. Baron Thompfon.
the Hon. Brigadier General Tyrcll.

* Sir Thomas Trollop Bar.
Sir James Thornhill.

* Henry Tatham Efq;
Mr. Giles Taylor.

William Taylor of the Inner Temple, £/<f;

Mr. Robert Taylor of Newark.

the Rev. Mr. Herbert Taylor.

Samuel Tatem Efq; two Books

Sigifmond Tafford Efq;

John Talbot Efq;

Andrew Taylor of Lynn, Efq\

Mr. William Taylor.

John Temple Efq;

Mr. William Templeman, of Dorchefter.

Bartholomew Tate Efq:,

Jofeph Thompfon Efq;

Luke Thompfon of Gny's Inn, Efq;

Humphry Thayer Efq; one of His Majefty's

Commiffioners of Excife.
Mr. Peter Thompfon 0/ London, Merchant.
Porter Thompfon of Trumpington, Fjq; ■
e William

A List of the

W". Tlnirlboiirn, Bookfeller in CambTiBge.

^he Rev. Mr. Thorn.

Mark Thurfton Efq; Accomptant Gennal

of the Court of Cbmury^ Four Books.
Robert Thomas £/^-,
Thomas Thornbary Efq^
Robert Thornton f/^;

* Jofcph Thompfon Efqh

William Tillard of Spital-fquare, Eff.,

Joas TiWard of the Inner Temple, Efq;

George Tilfon Efq;

Chriftoplicr Tilfon Efq;

Abraham Tilghman of Kent, Efq;

William Tillard Efq;

5the Rev. Mr. Tilfon, of Aylcsford.

* John Townfend Efq;

Richard Tomfon Efq; one of the Protho-

notarics of the Common Pleas.
Mr. John Towers.

Mr. lames La Toucbe, of Little Chelfea,
John Topp of the Middle Temple, Efq;
fthe Rev. Mr. Townftiend, of Norfolk.
Mr. William Townfon.
fhe Rev. Mr. William Henry Tomlinfon.
Mr. Samuel Torriano.

* Mr. James Townfend of Chcapfide.
Edmund Trench Efq;

Samuel Trench Efq;

John Tracy Efq;

Arthur Trevor Efq;

James Trott Efq;

Trinity College Library in Cambridge.

Robert Trcfufis of Trefufis, Efq;

John Tracy of Lincoln'^ Inn, Efq;

Trinity HaU Library in Cambridge.

Timothy Tredway Efq;

Herbert Tryfte Efq;

Mr. John Travel!.

George Trenchard of Latchct, Efq;

Mr. George Trulock.

Lawrence Trent Efq;

Mr. Patrick Trehie of London, Merchant.

Jofeph Tuder of the Inner Temple, Efq;

ihree Books.
Cholmly Turner Efq;
Mrs. Turner.

John Tufton of Orgreave, Efq;
Abraham Tucker of the Inner Temple, f/^j
William Turner tff,

Samuel Tuffnell Efq;

George Turville Eff,

Mr. Richard Tucker.

John Turner of St. Edmonds-bury, £/^i

Peter Twyman of Rufhborn, Efq;

S'he Rev. Mr. David Tweed, of Cork.

Simon Thuncmans Efq;

'the Rev, Dr. Tyrwhit.

Samuel Tyffen JSfq;

5fhe Rev. Mr. Nicholas Tyndal.

William Talbot Ef^\

Boulter Tomlinfon, v^.D.

Mr. George Trenthara Talbot.

Bacon Townfend Efq\
Charles William Tonyn Efq-^
Mr. John Tilly, Printer.
Sir John Thompfon.
St. Quintin Thompfon Efq'j
John Thompfon £/fi

*r|-^ H£ Hon. Henry Vane Efy;

X 3l&e Hon. James Vernon Efqi
the Lady Vanburgh.
Henry Vanderach Efq\
Mr. Peter Vanderhorft of London, yl/«r-

chant.

* Arthur Vanfitart Efq;

* Bowater Vernon Efq;
Captain Philip Vanburgh

Mr. Gerard Vanneck, three Books.
Mr. Samuel Vandcrplank.
Dame Margaret Vandcput.
Edward Vernon Ef(j\
Mr. Matthew Vernon.
Mrs. Henrietta Vernon.
Mr. Vicars.

William Underwood Efq\
John Ulher of the Middle Temple, E/f,
Thomas Ufhwat Efq\
Mrs Unett, Bookfeller in Woolverhamp-
ton.

W.

* ^~T^HE Right Hon. the Earl of Wil-

JL mington, Lord Prefident of the
Council,
the Right Hofi. the Earl of Warwick.
the Right Hon. the Earl 0/ Warrington.

* the Right Hon. the Lord Vifcount Wey-
mouth.

Tl&e Right Hon. the Lord Wallingford.
The Right Rev. the Lord Bifloop of Wiu-
chefter, two Books.

* the Right Hon. Sir Charles Wager.

* the Right Hon. the Lady Walpole.

'the Right Hon. Lady Mary Wortley Moun-
taguc.

* the Hon. Henry Worfley Efq; two

Books.
Sir Edward Ward Bar.
Sir William Wentworth Bar.
Sir Francis Wichcote Bar.
Sir William Wyndham Bar.
Sir Alexander Wedderburn 0/ Blacknefs,

Bar.

* Edward War4 ©/ Stoke Doyle, Efq; t-wc
Books.

* Peter Warren Efq;

* Thomas Walker Efq;
Lieutenant General Wade.

John Wale jun. of the Inner Temple, Efqi
Philip Ward Efq;

tb«

Subscribers Names.

Tie Kev. Mr. Warburton of Newark.
Mr. Jonatlwn Warner jun. of Northamp-
ton.
John Wace Efq\
John Walden of Shildon, Gent.
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The Right Rev. the Lord Biflm of Ko-

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Matthew Raper £/f ;

THE

) T z I H '^^\T

1

r>J»A

THE

'to tJi

HISTORY

O F

My Own Times.

B O O K V.

0/ the Reign of King William and
Qjueen Mary.

I NOW begin, on the firft day of 7k%, 1705, to 1689
profecute this Work ; and have before me a reign, u<f''v"''*»J

The hopet
new

I that drew upon it an univerfal expe<ftation of of the
I great things to follow, from fuch aufpicious' be- ^^^
\\ ginnings ; and from fo general a joy as was fpread
over thefe Nations, and all the neighbouring King-
doms and States ; of whom, fome had apprehended a general
deprefllon, if not the total ruine of the Proteftant Religion :
Vol. II. B and

2 7??^ History of the Reign

1689 and all of them faw fuch a progrefs made by the French in
«^x-^/-H^KJ the defign of enflaving the reft of Europe, that the check whieh
the Revolution in England feemed to promifc, put a new life
in thofe, who before were funk in defpair. It feemed to be
a double-bottomed Monarchy, where there were two Joint-So-
vereigns ; but thofe who knew the Queen's temper and prin-
ciples, had no apprehenfions of divided Counfels, or of a dif-
tradted Government.
The effefls That which gave the moft melancholy profpedl, was the ill
mSh? * ftate of the King's health, whofe ftay fo long at St. James^
without exercife or hunting, vfhich was fo much ufed by him
that it was become neceflary, had brought him under fuch a
weaknefs, as was like to have very ill efi^efts : And the face he
forced himfelf to fet.'upon it, that it might not appear too
much, made an imprefTion on his temper. He was apt to be
peevifh: it put him under a neceflity of being much in his
clofet, and of being filent and referved ; which, agreeing fo
well with his natural difpolition, made him go off from what
all his friends had advifed, and he had promifed them he would
fet about, of being more vilible, open, and communicative.
The Nation had been fo much accuftomed to this, in the two
former reigns, that many ftudied to perfwade him, it would
be neceffary for his affairs to change his way, that he might
be more acceflible, and freer in his difcourfe. He feemed re-
folved on it ; But he faid, his ill health made it impoflible
for him. to execute it : And fo he went on in his former way,
or rather he grew more retired, and was not eafily come at,
nor fpoke to. And in a very few days, after he was fet on
the Throne, he went out to Hampton-Court : And from that
palace he came into Town only on Council days. So that the
face of a Court, and the rendezvous, ufual in the publick rooms,
was now quite broke. This gave an early and general difguft.
The gaiety and the diveriGions of a Court difappeared. And, tho'
the Queen fet her lelf to make up, what was wanting in the King,
by a great vivacity and chearfulnefs ; yet when it appeared that
fhe meddled not in bufmefs, fo that few found their account in
making their court to her, tho' fhe gave a wonderful content to
all that came near her, yet few came.

The King found the air oi Hampton-Court agreed fo well with
him, that he refolved to live the greateft part of the year there.
But that palace was fo very old built, and fo irregular, that a
defign was formed of raifing new buildings there, for the King
and the Queen's Apartments. This fhewed a refolution to Uve
atjiS^dif^ance from London: And the entring fo foon on fo€x-
' li«r. penfive

of KWiLLiAM and Q. M a^r y. -5

penfiive a building, afforded matter of cen(ure to thofe, who were 1 896
difpofed enough to entertain it. And this fpread a univerfal *-'<^^'"'^^'***^
difcontent in the City of hondon. And thefe fmall and almoft
indifccrnable beginnings and feeds of ill humour, liavc ever fince
gone on in a very vifible encreafe and progrefs. »r rhi • ivr

The firft thing the King did, was, to choafe a Miniftry, and \^'*' ^''"
to fettle a Council. The Earl oi Shrewibury was declaTcd Secre-
tary of State, and had the greateft fharc of the Kihgii Goinftdence.
No exception could be made to the choice, except on account
of his youth. But he applied himfelf to bu'fincfe with great di-
ligence, and maintained his candor and ■ temper with more re^
fervednefs, than was expelled from one of his agev ' It was for
fome time under confideration, who fholild be thd dther Secrc+
tary ; at laft the Earl oi Nottingham was pitched on^ -He had
oppofed the Settlement with great earneftnefs, in his dopious way
of fpeaking. But he had always faid, that, tho' he^ould not
make a King, yet upon his principles, he (could obey him bet-
ter than thofe who were fo much fetvoii making 1 one. The
High Church Party did apprehend, that tjhe oppofition they had
given the King's advancenkeiit, and the zeal that others had
fhewed for it, would alienate him from them^ and throw hiM
intb other hands, from whom no good was to be expefted for
them: And they looked for fevere revenges' for the' hardlhips
they had put on thefe in the end of King C^^r/(?j's Reign. This
grew daily upon that party, and made theiil begin to look back
toward King yames. So, not to provoke fo great a Body too
much, it was thought advif^ble to employ the Earl of Not-
tingham. The great increafe of Chancery bufmefs had made JJ^^J"' °^
many apprehend, it was too much to be trufted to one perfon : ham's ad-
So it was refolved to put the Chancery in Commiflion : And un^c^uble
the Earl of Nottingham was propofed to be the firft in the *o ^^^ ^^^'8*-
Commillion, but he refufed it. So Maynafd^ Keck^ and Raiv-
Irnfon^ three eminent Lawyers, were made the three Commif-
iioners of the Great Seal. And foon after that, the Earl of
Nottinghajn was appointed Secretary of State. This gave as
much fatisfadion to all the High Party, as it begot jealoufies
and diftruft in others. The one hoped for protedion and favour
by his means : They reckoned, he would infufe all the Prero-
gative Notions into the King ; and give him fuch a jealoufy
of every ftep that the others fhould make in prejudice of
thefe, that from thence the King would fee caufe to fufpe6t all
the fhew of kindnefs that they might put on to him, when at
the fame time they were undermining fome of thofe Preroga-
tives, for which the Earl of Nottingham feemed to be fo zea-
lous.

i.-

4 The H Ts t d r y of the Reign

1689 lous. This had a great effeft on the King, who being igno-
U''*v'"'5>^ rant of our Conftitution, and naturally cautious, faw caufe
enough to dillike the heat he found among fhofey who expref-
fed much zeal for him, but who feemed, at the fame time, to
have with it a great mixture of Republican principles. 77)eyy
on the other hand, were much offended at die employing the
Earl of Nottingham. And he gave them daily caufe to be
more difpleafed at it: For he fet himfelf with a moft eager
partiaUty againft the whole Party, and againft all the motions
made by them : And he ftudied to poffefs the King with a
very bad opinion of them. And, whereas Secretaries of State
have a particular allowance for fuch Spies, as they employ to
procure intelligence, how exa£t foever he might be in procur-
ing Foreign intelligence, he fpared no coil nor pains to have
an account of all that paffed in the City, and in other angry
cabals : And he furnifhed the King very copioufly that way ;
which made a deep impreflion on him, and had very bad
effeds. The Earl of Danby was made Marquifs of Carmar-
theity and Prefident of the Council : and Lord Halifax had
the Privy Seal. The laft of thefe had gone into all the ftcps,
that had been made for the King, with great zeal, and by
that means was hated by the High Party, whom for diftin<9ion
iakelwill hereafter call TORIES, and the other WHIGS:
Terms that I have fpoken much againft, and have ever hated :
But to avoid making always a longer defcription, I muft ufe
them ; they being now become as common as if they had been
words of our Language. Lord Halifax foon faw that his
friend fhip with the Whigs was not like to laft long : His op-
pofing the Excluiion ftuck ftill deep with them : And the
buiinefs of the ^0 Warranto s^ and the delivering up of
Charters, was caft on him : The flownefs of relieving Ireland
was alfo charged on him ; He had for fome time great credit
with the King; tho' his Mercurial Wit was not well fuited
with the King's Phlegm. Lord Carmarthen could not bear the
equality, or rather the preference that feemed to be given to
Lord Halifax : And therefore fet on the ftorm, that quickly
broke put upon him.

Lord Mordaunt was made Earl of Monmouth^ and firft
Commiflioner of the - Treafury : And Lord Z)^ la Mere y made
Earl of Warrington^ was Chancellor of the Exchequer : Lord
Godolphin was likevdfe brought into the Treafury, to the great
grief of the other Two ; who foon faw, that tlie King confi-
dered him more than them both. For, as he underftood
Treafury bufmefs well, fo his calm and cold way fuited the

King's

^K William and Q. Mary. j

King's temper. The Earls of Monmouth 2ls\A Warrington^ tho* 1689

both mod violent Whigs, . became great enemies : The former uj^v^^J

was generous, and gave the inferior places freely ; but fought

out the men, who were moft noted for RepubUcan Principles,

for them all : And the other, they faid, fold every thing that

was in his Power. The Privy Council was compofed chiefly of

Whigs.

Nothing gave a more general {atisfadlion than tlie naming of^' !"%**
the Judges ; the King ordered every Privy Counfellor, to bring
a lift of twelve : And out of thefe, twelve very learned and wor-
thy Judges were chofen. This nomination was generally well
received over the Nation. The firft of thefe was Sir yohn Holty
made Lord Chief Juftice of England^ then a young man for fo
high a poft, who maintained it all his time with a high reputation
for capacity, integrity, courage, and great difpatch. So that
flnce the Lord Chief Juftice Hale% time, that Bench has not
been fo well filled, as it was by him.

The King's chief perfonal favour, lay between Benthinck and
Sidney : The former was made Earl of Portland^ and Groom of
the Stole, and continued for ten years to be entirely trufted by
the King ; and ferved him with great fidelity and obfequiouf-
ncfs : But he could never bring himfelf to be acceptable to the
Englijh Nation. The other was made firft, Lord Sidney^ and
then Earl of Rummy: And was put in feveral great pofts.
He was made Secretary of State, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland^
and Mafter of the Ordnance : But he was fo fet on pleafure, that
he was not able to follow bufmefs with a due application. The
Earls of Devonptre and Dorfet had the White Staffs : The Erfl
was Lord Steward, and the other was Lord Chamberlain : And
they being both Whigs, the houfhold was made up of fuch, ex-
cept where there were buyers for places, which were fet to fale :
And tho' the King feemed to difcourage that, yet he did not en-
courage propofitions, that were made for the detecting thofe prac-
tices. Thus was the Court, the Miniftry, and the Council com-
pofed. The Admiralty was put in Commiftion : And Herbert
made Earl of "Torrington^ was firft in the Commiflion. He tried
to dictate to the Board : And, when he found that did not pafi
upon them, he left it ; and ftudied all he could to difparage their
condudl : And it was thought, he hoped to have been advanced
to that high Truft alone.

The firft thing propofed to be done, was to turn the Con- ^Jti^/^
vention into a Parliament, according to the precedent fet in the e<i to a Par-
year 1660. This was oppofed by all the Tories. They faid, *°**"^
Writs were indifpenfible to the being of a ParUamcnt And,

Vol. IL C tho*

6 -The History of the Reign "

1689 tho' the like was done at the Reftoration, yet it was faid, that
'-^^"^'"'^ the Convention was then called, when there was no King nor
Great Seal in England : And it was called by the confent of the
lawful King, and was done upon a true and vifible, and not
6h a pretended neceflity : And they added that, after all,
even then the Convention was not looked on as a legal Parlia-
ment : Its ads were ratified in a fubfequent Parliament ; and
" ^" from thence tliey had their Authority. So it was moved, that
the Convention fhould be diffolved, and a new Parliament fum-
moned ; For in the joy which accompanied the Revolution, mien
well-afFeded to it were generally chofen : And it was thought,
that the damp, which was now fpread into many parts of the Na-
tion, would occafion great changes in a new eleAion, On the
other hand, the neceffity of affairs was fo prefling, that no
time was to be loft : A delay of forty days might be the total
lofs of Ireland ; and ftop all our preparations at Sea : Nor was it
advifeable, in fo critical a time, to put the Nation into the fer-
ment, vvhich a new eleftion would occafion. And it was reafon-
able to expeft, that thofe who had fet the King on the Throne,
would be more zealous to maintain him there, than any new
fet of men could pofllbly be : And thofe who fiibmitted to a
King, defaBOi muft Hkewife fubmit to a Parliament, de faEio.
So the Bill paft : And a day was fet for the call of both Houfes,
and for requiring the Members to take the Oaths.
Some Bi- Eight Bifhops abfented themfelves, who were Bancroft of Can-
the^Pariia- ^^^'^^O'' "^omas of Worcejier, Lake of Chichejlery "Turner of
Ely^ Lloyd o^ Norwich^ Ken of Bafh ^ind Wells, Frampton of
Glocejler, and White of Peterborough. But in the mean while,
that they might recommend themfelves by a fhew of Modera-
tion, fome of them moved the Houfe of Lords, before they
withdrew from it, for a bill of Toleration, and another of Com-
prehenfion : And thefe were drawn and offered by the Earl of
Nottingham : And, as he faid to me, they were the fame that
he had prepared for the Houfe of Commons in King Charles's
time, during the Debates of the Exclufion : But then things of
that kind were looked on as artifices, to lay the heat of that
time, and to render the Church Party more popular. After
thofe motions were made, the Bifhops that were in the Houfe
withdrew : Sa?icroft, Thomas, and Lake, never came : The two
laft died foon after. Ken, was a man of a warm imagination :
And at the time of the King's firft landing, he declared heartily
for him, and advifcd all the Gentlemen, that he faw, to go and
join with him. But during the Debates in the Convention, he went
with great heat into the notion of a Prince Regent. And now,

upon

ment.

of K. William and Q.Mary, 7

upon the call of the Houfe, he withdrew into his Diocefe. He 1689
changed his mia4 again, and wrote a paper, perfwading the'^•'''^^^
Clergy to take the Oaths, which he fliewed to Dr. fVhitby, who
read it, as the Dr. has told me often. His Chaplain, Dr. Eyrej
did alfo tell me, that he came with him to London^ where at
firft he owned he was refolved to go to the Houfe of Lords,
and to take the Oaths. But the firft day after he came to Town,
he was prevailed on to change his mind : And he has continued
ever fince in a very warm oppofition to the Government. San-
croft went on in his unadive ftate, ftill refufing the Oaths, but
neither adling nor fpeaking, except in great confidence, to any
againft their taking them. Thefe Bifhops did one thing very
inconfiftent with their other actions, and that could not be cafily
reconciled to the rules of good confcience. All prefentations are
diredled to Biftiops, or to their Chancellors. But, by a general
agreement in the year 1660, the Bifhops refolved to except out
of the Patents, that they gave their Chancellors, the power of
giving Inftitution into Cures, which before that, the Chancellors
were impowered to give in the Bifhops abfence. Now the Bi-
fhops were bound to fee that the Clergy, before they gave them
Inftitution, took the Oaths to the Government. In order there-
fore to decline the doing this, and yet avoid the adions of Huare
Imfedity that they would he liable to, if they did not admit the
Clerks prefented to them, they gave new Patents to their Chan-
cellors, empowering them to give Inftitution ; which they knew
could not be done, but by tendring the Oaths. So they gave
authority to Lay-men, to admit men to Benefices, and to do that
which they thought unlawful, as was the fwearing to an Ufurper
againft the lawful King. Thus it appeared, how far the Engage-
ment of intereft and parties can run men into contradidions.

Upon the Biftiops refufing the Oaths, a Bill was brought into
the Houfe of Commons, requiring all perfons to take them by
a prefixed day, under feveral forfeitures and penalties. The
Clergy that took them not, were to fall under fufpenfion for fix
months, and at the end of thofe, they were to be deprived.
This was followed with a particular eagernefs by fome, who were
known enemies to the Church : And it was then generally be-
lieved, that a great part of the Clergy would refufe the Oaths.
So they hoped to have an advantage againft the Church by this
means. Hambden perfwaded the King, to add a period to a
Speech he made, concerning the Affairs of Ireland, in which he
propofed the admitting all Proteftants to fervc in that War. This
was underftood, to be intended, for taking off the Sacramental
Teft, which was necefTary by the Law, to qualify men for em-
ployments,

S The History^/ the Reign

1689 ployments, and was looked on, as the chief fecurity the Church
y,.'<f'''V^^ of England had, as it excluded Diffenters froin^U employments.
And it was tried, if a bargain could be made, for excufing the
Clergy from the Oaths, provided the Diflenters might be excufed
from the Sacrament. The King put this into his Speech, with-
out communicating it to the Miniftry : And it had a very ill ef-
fect. It was not only rejefted by a great majority in both
Houfes; but it very much heightened the prejudices againil
the King, as bearing no great affedion to the Church of Eng-
land^ when he propofed the opening fuch a door, which they
believed would be fatal to them. The rejed:ing this, made the
I was made aft impofing the Oaths to be driven on with the more zeal. This
?«S/ry ^^^ ^"^ debate, when I came into the Houfe of Lords : For
Ward^ Bifhop of Salisbury^ died this Winter : Many fpoke to
the King in my favour, without my knowledge. The King
made them no anfwer. But a few days after he was fet on the
Throne, he of his own motion named me to that See : And he
did it in terms more obliging, than ufually fell from him. When
I waited on the Queen, Ihe faid, ihe hoped I would now put in
pradlice thofe notions, with which 1 had taken the Hberty often
to entertain her. All the forms of the conge delire, and my
Eleftion, were carried on with difpatch. But a great difficulty
was in view. Sancroft would not fee me ; and He refiifed to
confecrate mc. So by Law, when the Mandate was brought to
him, upon not obeying it, he muft have been fued in a Pre^
muntre : And for fome Days, he feemed determined to venture
that : But as the danger came near, he prevented it, by granting
a Commiffion to all the Bifhops of his Province, or to any three
of them, in Conjundion with the Bifhop of London) to exercife
his Metropolitical authority during pleafure. Thus he did au-
thorife others to confecrate me, while yet he feemed to think it
an unlawful A6t. This was fo mean, that he himfelf was afham-
ed of it afterwards. But he took an odd way to overthrov/ it :
For he fent for his original Warrant : And fo took it out of the
Office, and got it into his own hands.

I happened to come into the Houfe of Lords, when two
great debates were managed with much heat in it. The one
was about the Toleration and Comprehenfron, and the other
was about the Impofing the Oaths on the Clergy. And I was
engaged at my firft coming there, to bear a large fhare in both.
That which was long infifted on, in th*e Houfe of Lords, was,
wmfng'thT ^^^^ inftead of the claufe pofrtively enabling, that the Clergy
Oaths. fhould be obliged to take the Oaths, the King might be im-
powered to tender them, and then the refufal was to be pu-
nished

f

of K. Will | a m a/id Q. Mary. ^9

niflied according to the Claufe, as it flood in the Ad. It was 1689
thought, fuch a power would oblige them to their good beha- uj'^v/""'^
viour, and be an effedlual reftraiiit upon them : They would be
kept quiet at leaft by it : Whereas, if they came under Deprivar-}
tion, or the apprehenfions of it, that would make them def- - 1.

peratc, and fet them on to undermine the Goverrunent. It
was faid, that the Clergy, by the Offices of the Church, did
folemnly own their Allegiance to God, in the fight of all their
people ; that no Oath could lay deeper Engagements on them,
than thofe Adts of religious Worfliip did : And if they fhould
either pafs over thofe Offices, or perform them, otherwife than
as the Law required, there was a clear method, purfuant to the
AO. of Uniformity, to proceed fevercly againft them. It was alfo
faid, that in many different changes of Government, Oaths
had not proved fo effedual a fecurity as was imagined ; Dif-
tindions were found out, and fenfes were put on words, by
which they were interpreted fo, as to fignify but little, when a
Government came to need ftrength from them: And it ill
became thofe, who had formerly complained of thefe impofi-
tions, to urge this with fo much vehemence. On the other
hand, it was urged, that no man ought to be trufled by a Go-
vernment, chiefly in fo facred a concern, who would not give
fecurity to it ; efpecially, fince the Oath was brought to fuch
low and general terms. The Expedient that was propofed,
would put a hardfhip upon the King, which was always to be
carefully avoided. The day prefixed was at the diftance of
fome months : So that men had time fufficient given them to
ftudy the point : And, if in that time they could not fatisfy
themfelves, as to the lawfulnefs of acknowledging the Govern-
mert, it was not fit that they fhould continue in the highefl
Pofls of the Church. An exception of Twelve was propofed,
who fhould be fubje<Et to the Law, upon refufing the Oaths,
when required to it by the King ; but that was rejed;ed : And
all the mitigation that was obtained, was a power to the King,
to referve a third part of the profits of any twelve Benefices
he fhould name, to the Incumbents who fliould be deprived
by virtue of this A61 : And fo it paffed. I was the chief
Manager of the Debate, in favour of the Clergy ; both in the
Houfe of Lords, and at the Conferences, with the Commons.
But, feeing it could not be carried, I acquiefced the more ea-
fily ; becaufe, tho' in the beginning of thefe Debate^ I was a{^
fured, that thofe who feemed refolved not to take the Oaths,
yet prayed for the King in their Chapels ; yet I found after-
wards this was not true, for they named ap King nor Queen,
Vol. IL D and

to -^ ^\[h'e History of the Reign "^

16&9 and fo it wis ekfy to guefs, whom they meant by fuch an in-
i-^^'v^'^ definite delignation. I alfo heard many things, that made me
concKide, they were endeavouring to raife all the Oppofition
to the Government poflible.
An Aa of xhe Bill of Toleration pafled eafily. It excufed Diflenters
from all penalties, for their not coming to Church, and for
going to their feparate Meetings. There was an exception
of Socinians : But a provifion was ^utin it, in favour of ^<3;-
kers : And, tho' the reft were required to take the Oaths to
the Goyerhinent, They were excufed, upon making in- lieu
thereof a folemn Declaration. They were to take out War-
rants for the Houfes they met in : And the Juftices of Peace
were required to grant them. Some propofed, that the Adl
fhbuld only be temporary, as a necelTary reftraint upon the
Diflenters, that they rriight demean themfelves, fo as to merit
the continuance of it, when the term of years now of-
fered fliould end. Biit this was rejefted : There was now an
lihiverfal incliriation to pafs the A<5t : But it could not be ex-
pedled, that the Nation would be in the fame good difpofition
towards them at another time. I fhewed fo much zeal for
this A6lj as Very much funk my credit, which had rifen from the
approbation I had gained, for oppofing That which enaded the
taking the Oaths. As for the Ad of Comprehenfion, fome
progrefs was made in it. But a Provifo was offered, that, in
fo "com- imitation of the Ads paffed in King Henry the Eighth and
prehenfion. King Edward the Sixth's time, a number of perfons, both of
the Clergy and Laity, might be empowered to prepare fuch
a Reformation of things, relating to the Church, as might be
offered to King and Parliament, in order to the healing our
Divifions, and the correding what might be amifs or defedive
in our ConiHtution. This was preffed with great earneftnefs
by many of the temporal Lords. I at that time did imagine,
that the Clergy would have come into fuch a defign with
zeal and unanimity : And I feared this would be looked on
by them, as taking the matter out of their hands : And for
that reafon I argued fo Warmly againft this, that it was carried
by a fmall Majority to let it fall. But I Was convinced foon
iifter, that I had taken wrong meafures ; and that the method
■propofed by thefe Lords, was the only one like to prove effec-
tual: But this did not fo recommend me to the Clergy, as to
balance the cenfure I came under, for moving, in another Pro-
vifo of that Bill, that the Subfcription, inftead of AJ[e?jt and
Confentj fhould only be to fubmit with a promife of Conformity.
There W^s a Provifo likewife, in the Bill, for difpenfing with

kneehng

<?/ K William M^Q,. Ma ASt: ii

kneeling at the Sacrament, and being Baptized with the Sign t689
of the Crofs, to fuch as, after conference upon thofe heads, L^^^V"^^
fhould folemnly proteft, they were not fatisned as to the law-
fulnefs of them. That concerning kneeling, occafion'd a ve-
hement Debate : For, the Pofture being the chief exception
that the Diflenters had, the giving up this was thought to be
the opening a way for them to come into Employments. Yet
it was carried in the Houfe of Lords. And I declared my felf
zealous for it. For fince, it was acknowledged, that the Pof-
ture was not effential in itfelf, and that Scruples, how ill
grounded foever, were raifed upon it, it feemed reafonable to
leave the matter as indifferent in its pradlice, as it was in its
nature.

Thofe who had moved for this Bill, and afterwards brought
it into the Houfe, adted a very dilingenuous part : For, while
they ftudied to recommend themfelves by this fhew of Mode-
ration, they fet on their Friends to oppofe it : And fuch as were
very fincerely and cordially for it, were reprefented as the Ene-
mies of the Church, who intended to fubvert it. When the
Bill was fent down to the Houfe of Commons, it was let lie on
the Table. And, inftead of proceeding in it, they made an Ad-
drefs to the King, for fummoning a Convocation of the Clergy to
attend, according to cuftom, on the Sefllon of Parliament. The
Party, that was now beginning to be formed againft the Go-
vernment, pretended great zeal for the Church ; and declared
their apprehenfions that it was in danger, which was imputed
by many to the Earl of Nottingham % management. Thefe, as
they went heavily into the Toleration, fo they were much of-
fended with the Bill of Comprehenfion, as containing matters
relating to the Church, in which the Reprefentativc Body of
the Clergy had not been fo much as advifed with.

Nor was this Bill fupported by thofe, who feemed moft fa-
vourable to the Diflenters : They fet it up for a maxim, that it
was fit to keep up a ftrong fadion both in Church and State ;
And they thought it was not agreeable to that, to fuffer fo
great a body as the Presbyterians to be made more eafy, or
inore inclinable to unite to the Church : They alfb thought,
that the Toleration would be befl maintained, when great
numbers fliould need it, and be concerned to preferve it : So
this good Defign being zealoufly oppofed, and but faintly pro-
moted, it fell to the ground.

The Clergy began now to fhew an implacable hatred to the An ia hu-
Nonconformifts, and feemed to vnfli for an occafion to renew ^"ig'the
old Severities againft them. But wife and good men did very Clergy.

much

1 2 The History of the Reign

1689

Great gen-
tlenefs to-
wards Pa-
pifls.

War pro-
claimed
againft
France.

Debates

concerning

theRevenue.

v:i !!.

much applaud the quieting the Nation by the Toleration. It
feemed to be fuitable, both to the Spirit of the Chriftian Reli-
gion, and to the Intereft of the Nation. It was thought very
unreafonable, that, while we were complaining of the Cruelty
of the Church of Romej we fhould fall into fuch practices,
among our felves ; chiefly, while we were engaging in a war,
in the progrefs of which we would need the united ftrength
of the whole Nation.

This Bill gave the King great content. He in his own opinion
always thought, that Confcience was God's Province, and that
it ought not to be impofed on : And his experience in Ho/-
laiid made him look on Toleration, as one of the wifeft mca-
flires of Government : He was much troubled to fee fo much
ill humour fpreading among the Clergy, and by their means
over a great part of the Nation. He was fo true to his Principle
herein, that he reftrained the heat of fome, who were proposing
fevere Ads againft Papifts. He made them apprehend the ad-
vantage, which that would give the French^ to alienate all the
Papifts of Europe from us ; who from thence might hope to
fet on foot a new Catholick League, and make the War a
quarrel of Religion ; which might have very bad effeds. Nor
could he pretend to protedl the Proteftants in many places of
Germany, and in Hungary, unlefs he could cover the Papifts
in England, from all Severities on the account of their Religion.
This was fo carefully infufed into many, and fo well under-
ftood by them, that the Papifts have enjoy 'd the real effeds
of the Toleration, tho' they were not comprehended within
the Statute that enadled it.

While domeftick matters were raifmg great heats at home,
we faw the neceftity of making vigorous Preparations for the
War abroad, and in Ireland. The King laid before both
Houfes the Alliances, formerly made by the Crown of Eng-
land, with the States, and with the Empire, together with
the new ones that were now propofed, which made a Rupture
with France neceflary. So, by the Advices of both Houfes,
War was declared againft France : And the neceflary Supplies,
both for the ^uota that the King was to furnifli, ' and for
the Redudion ot Ireland, were provided.

The next care was a Revenue, for the Support of the Go-
vernment. By a long courfe, and the pradlice of foijle A!ges,
the Cuftoms had been granted to our Kings for lifer^ao the
King expeded, that the like regard fliould be fhewn for him.
But mens rainds were much divided in that matter. Some
Whigs, who by a long Oppofltion, and jealoufy of the Gp-

vemmenfj

.k!) J-

of K. William and Q. Mary. 13

Vemment, had wrought themfelves into fuch Republican Prin- 1689
eiples, that they could not eafily come off from them, fet it ^^^^'V^
up as a maxim not to grant any Revenue, but from year to
year, or at moft, for a fhort term of years. This, they tliought,
would render the Crown precarious, and oblige our Kings to . , w.a .
fuch a popular method of Government, as fhould merit the
conftant Renewal of that Grant. And they hoped, that fo
uncertain a Tenure, might more eafily bring about an entire
change of Government. For, by the decaying the Revenue at
any time (except upon intolerable conditions) they thought That
might be eafily effeded, fince it would render our Kings {o
feeble, that they would not be able to maintain their Autho-
rity. The Tories obferving this, made great ufe of it, to be-
get in the King jealoufies of his Friends, with too much co-
lour, and too great fuccefs. They refolved to reconcile them-
felves to the King by granting it, but at prefent only to look
on, till the Whigs, who now carried every thing, to which
they fet their full ftrength, fhould have refufed it.

The King, as he had come through the Weftern Countries, The Chim-
fi-om his firft Landing, had been in many places moved to 5jf^,j™*"2[
difcharge the Chimney money: And had promifed to recom-
mend it to the Parliament. He had done that fo effeftually,
that an A61 paft difcharging it ; tho' it was fo much oppofed
by the Tories, that it ran a great hazard in the Houfe of
Lords. Thofe who oppofed it, pretended, that it was the on-
ly fure Fund, that could never fail in War, fo that Money
would be freely advanced upon it : They faid, a few regu-
lations would take away any grievance, that might arife from
it : But it was thought, they -w^rt not willing that fuch an
Aft fhould pafs, as would render the King acceptable to the
Body of the Nation. It was alfo thought, that the profped
they then had of a fpeedy Revolution, in favour of King jfameSy
made fome of them unwilHng to pafs an Ad, that feemed to
lay an obligation on him, either to maintain it, or by refum-
ing his Revenue, to raife the hatred of the Nation higher againfl
him. When the fettling the King's Revenue was brought
under Confideration, it was found, there were anticipations
and charges upon it, from which it feemed reafonable to clear
it. : So many Perfons were concerned in this, and the Seafon
of the year was fo far advanced, that it was pretended, they
had not time to examine that matter with due care : And there-
fore, by a Provifional Ad, they granted the King the Revenue
for one year : And many intended never to carry the Grant
but from year to year. This touched the King very fenfibly.
Vol. II. E And

«

14 The History of the Reign

1689 And many difcourfes, that paft among four Whigs in their
K^'iS^'^'y'^ Cabals, were communicated to him by the Earl of Nottingham,
by which he concluded, he was in the Hand of Perfons, that
did not intend to ufe him well. ''^ "^'

A Bill con- A Bill was preparedi, concerning the Militia, which upon the
caning the j^^^XXftt', and in confequence of many claufes in it, took it
in a "great meafure both from the Crown, and out of the
Lords Lieutenants ; who being generally Peers, a Bill that Icf-
fened their authority fo much, was net like to pafs in the
Houfe of Lords : So it was let lie on the Table. By this like-
wife, which was chiefly promoted by the Whigs ; the King
came to think, that thofe who had raifed him to the Throne,
intended to deprefs his Prerogative, as much as they had ex-
alted his Perfon. He feemed to grow tender and jealous up-
on thefe points, the importance of every one of them being
much aggravated by the Earl of Nottingham^ who had fur-
nifhed him with a Icheme of all the points of the Prerogative,
and of their dependance one upon another : And he feemed ib
-'":*'n 5 poffeffed with this, that many of thofe who had formerly moft
of his confidence, found a coldnefs growing upon him, which
increafed their difguft, and made them apprehend, they fhould
again fee a Reign full of Prerogative maxims. One thing the
Houfe of Commons granted, which was very acceptable to
the King ; They gave the States about 660000/. for the charge
they had been at in the Fleet and Army, which they fumifhed
the King with at the Revolution.
Debatescon- They could not be brought to another point, tho' often and
aS of ?n- much prefTed to it by the King. He thought nothing would
demnity. fettle the minds of the Nation fo much as an A6t of Indem-
nity, with proper exceptions of fome Criminals, that fhould be left
to Juftice. yefferies was in the Tower; Wright, who had been
Lord Chief Juftice, and fome of the Judges, were in Newgate ;
Graham and Burton., who had been the wicked Solicitors in
the former Reigns^ were in Prifon ; but the hotteft of the
Whigs would not fet this on. They thought it beft to keep
many under the lafh ; they intended fevere revenges for the
Blood that had been fhed, and for the many unjufl: things
that had been done in the end of King Charles^ Reign ; they
faw, that the clogging the Indemnity, with many compre-
henfive Exceptions, would create King James a great Parly ;
fo they did not think it proper to offer at that : Yet they
refolved to keep them flill in their power, till a better
opportunity for falling on them fhould offer itfelf: Therefore
tliey proceeded ib flowly in that matter, that the Bill could
fcnA not

^ /C. William and Gl.^Ix^y. ^ly

not be brought to a ripencfs during this Seflion. It is true, 1689 *.
the great niildnefs of the King's temper, and the gcntlenefs of ^-^t^^^"^^
his Government, which was indeed rather liable to cenfurc, as
being too remifs, fet peoples minds much at eafe : And, if it
gave too much boldnefs to thofe, who began to fet up an open
oppofition to him, yet it gained upon the greater part of the
Nation, who faw none of thofe moving fpeftacles, that had been
fo common in former Reigns : And all promifed themfclves happy
days, under fo merciful a Prince. But angry men put a wick-
ed conftrudion on the earneftnefs the King {hewed for an Ad:
of Indemnity ; They faid, he intended to make ufe of a fet of
Prerogative men, as foon as legally he could ; And therefore
he defired the Inftruments of King yames\ illegal Government
might be once fecured, that fo he might employ them. The
Earls of Monmouth and Warrington were infiifing jcaloufies of
the King into their party, with the fame Induftry that the Earl
of Nottingham was, at the fame time, inflilling into the King
jealoufies of them : And both afted with too much fuccefs ;
which put matters much out of joint. For tho' the Earls of
Shrewsbury and De^onpire did all they could, to flop the pro-
grefs and effedis of thofe fufpicions, with which the Whigs were
pofTeffed, yet they had not credit enough to do it. The Earl
of Shrewsbury ^ tho' he had more of the King's favour, yet he
had not ftrength to refift the Earl of Nottingham's, pompous
and tragical Declamations.

There was a Bill of great importance fent up by the T^e Bill of ^
Commons to the Lords, that was not finifhed this SefTion. Rig^^'s-
It was a Bill, declaring the Rights and Liberties of Eng-
land^ and the Succefllon to the Crown, as had been agreed
by both Houfes of Parliament, to the King and Queen and
their Iffue, and after them, to the Princefs Anne and her Iffue,
and after thefe, to the King and his Iffue. A Claufe was infert-
ed, difabling all Papifts from fucceeding to the Crown, to which
the Lords added, or -fuch as Jhould marry Papijis. To this I
propofed an additional Claufe, abfolving the Subjeds, in that
cafe, from their Allegiance. This was feconded by the Earl of
Shrewsbury: And it pafled without any oppofition, or debate : ^

which amazed us all, confidering the importa:nce of it. But the . "♦

King ordered me to propofe the naming the Dutchefs oi Hanwer^
and her Poflerity, next in the Succeffion. He fignified his
pleafure in this alfo to the Minifters. But he ordered me
to begin the Motion in the Houfe, becaufe I had already fet it
on foot. And the Duke of Hanover had now other thoughts of
the matter, and was feparating himfelf from the Interefls of

France.

1 6 The HisroKY of the Reign

:\

1689 France. The Lords agreed to the propofition without any op-
i^'-v-'^iJ polition. So it was fent down to the Commons. There were
great Debates there upon it. Hambden prefled it vehemently.
But Wildman^ and all the Republican Party, oppofed it. Their
fecret Reafon feemed to be, a defign to extinguifh Monarchy,
and therefore to fubftitute none, beyond the three that were nam-
ed, that fo the Succeflion might quickly come to an end. But,
it not being decent to own thas, all that they pretended was,
that there being many in the lineal Succeflion, after the three that
were named, who were then of the Church o^ Rome, the leaving
to them a pofTibility to fucceed, upon their turning Proteflants,
might have a good efFed on them, and difpofe them to hearken
to Inftrudlion ; all which would be defeated by a Declaration
in favour of the Dutchefs.

To this it was anfwered, in a free Conference, that for that
very reafon it was fit to make this Declaration : Since nothing
could bring us into a more certain danger, than a pretended
Converfion of a falfe Convert, who might by fuch a difguife af-
cend the Throne, and fo work our ruine by fecret artifices.
Both Houfes adhered, after the free Conference. So the Bill fell
for that time : But it was refolved to take it up at the opening
of the next SefTion. And the King thought, it was not then
convenient to renew the motion of the Dutchefs of Hanover , of
which he ordered me to write her a particular account. It was
fit once to have the Bill pafTed, that enaded the perpetual Ex-
clufion of all Papifts : For that, upon the matter, brought the
SuccefFion to their^door. And if any in the Line, before Her,
fhould pretend to change, as it was not very likely to happen,
(o it would not be eafily believed. So it was refolved to carry
this matter no further at this time. The Bill pafTed without
any oppofition, in the beginning of the next Seflion j which I
mention here, that I might end this matter all at once. The
prefent Seflion was drawn to a great length, and was not ended
till Augufi : And then it broke up with a great deal of ill hu-
mour.
King . One accident happen'd this Summer, of a pretty extraordi-
S^tSeal "^^ nature, that deferves to be remembred. A Fifher-man,
found in the between Liambeth and Vaux-hall, was drawing a Net pretty
'"^^' clofe to the Chanel ; and a great weight was, not without fome
difHculty, drawn to the Shore, which, when taken up, was
found to be the Great Seal of England. King James had cal-
led for it from the Lord Jefferies, the night before he went
away, as intending to make a fecret ufe of it, for Pardons or
Grants. But it feems, when he went away, he thought either,

that

of KWiLLiAU and Q. M a r y. '\y

that the Bulk or Weight of it made it inconvenient to be carried 1689
off, or that it was to be hereafter of no more ufe to him : And '.-^'^"V"^
therefore, that it might not be made ufe of againft him, he threw
it into the Thames. The Fifher-man was well rewarded, when
he brought the Great Seal to the King : And by his Order it was
broke.

But now I muft look over to the affairs of Ireland^ and to The Stafc
King James % motions. Upon his coming to the Court of^^^^;*'^^.
France^ he was received with great fhews of Tendemefs and Re-
fpedt ; the French King affuring him, that, as they had both
the fame Interefts, fo he would never give over the War, till he
had reftored him to his Throne. The only profpedl he now
had, was to keep up his Party in Ireland and Scotland, The
Meflage from Ttrconnel^ for fpeedy Supplies, was v^ery pref-
fmg : And his Party in Scotland fent one Lindfay over to him,
to offer him their fervice, and to ask what affiftance they might
depend upon. The French Miniftry was at this time much di-
vided. Louvois had the greateft credit, and was very fucceff-
ful in all his Counfels : fo that he was mod confidered. But
Seignelay was believed to have more perfonal favour, and to be
more entirely united to Madam Maintenon. Thefe two were in
a high competition for favour^ and hated one another. Seigne-
lay had the Marine, as the other had the Army, for his province.
So, King "James having the moft dependance on the Marine, and
looking on the Secretary for that Poft as the moft powerful Fa-
vourite, made his chief application to him ; which fet Louvois
to crofs and retard every thing, that was propofed for his fervice.
So that matters for him went on flowly, and very defedively.
There was another circumftance in King James's affairs, that
did him much hurt. Laufun, whofe adventures will be found
in the French Hiftory, had come over to King James, and of»-
fered him his fervice, and had attended on the Queen,
when fhe went over to France. He had obtained a promife of
King James, that he fhould have the Command of fuch Forces,
as the King of France would affift him with. Louvois hated
Laufun ; nor did the King of France like to employ him : So
Louvois fent to King James, defiring him to ask of the King
of France, Souvray, a Son of his, whom he was breeding to
ferve in War, to command the French Troops. But King
James had fo engaged himfelf to Laufun, that he thought he
could not in honour depart from it. And ever after that, we
were told, that Louvois ftudied, by all the ways he could think
of, to difparage him, and all the Propofitions he made : Yet
he got about 5000 Frenchmen, to be fent over with him to
■ Vol. II. F Ireland,

1 8 The History of the Reign

1689 Ireland^ but no great fupplies in money. Promifes were fent
M^^'V^'*-' the Scots of great afliftance, that fhould be fent them from Ire-
land: They were encouraged to make all pofTible oppoHtion in
the Convention: And, as foon as the feafon of the year would
c^mf ?i7" admit of it, they were ordered to gather together in the High-
thitber. lands, and to keep themfelves in fafe places there, till further
Orders fhould be fent them. With thefe, and with a fmall
^ fupply in money, of abou-t five or fix thoufand Pounds, for buy-

ing Ammunition and Arms, Lindfay was fent back. I had fuch
a character given me of him, that I entertained good thoughts
of him. So, upon his return, he came firft to me, and pre-
tended he had gone over on private affairs, being deeply en-
gaged in debt for the Earl of Melforty whofe Secretary he had
been. I underftood from him, that King James had left Pa-
ris to go for Ireland : So I fent him to the Earl of Shrewsbury'^
Office : But there was a fecret management with one of tJie
Under Secretaries there for King Jafnes : So he was not only
difmiffed, but got a Pafs Warrant from Dr. Wynne, to go to Scot-
land. I had given the Earl of Shrewsbury fuch a charadler of
the man, that he did more eafily believe him ; but he knew
nothing of the Pafs Warrant. So, my eafinefs to think well of
people, was the chief occafion of the mifchief that followed,
on his not being clapt up and more narrowly examined. Upon
King James\ landing in Ireland, he marched his Army from
Kinfale to Uljier. And, when it was all together, it confifted
of 30,000 Foot, and 8000 Horfe. It is true, the Irijh were
now as infolent, as they were undifciplined : And they began
to think they muft be mafters of all the King's Counfels. A
jealoufy arofe between them and the French : They were foon
on very bad Terms, and fcarce ever agreed in their Advices :
All King James\ party, in the Ifle of Britain, preffed his
fetthng the affairs of Ireland the bell he could, and his bring-
ing over the French, and fuch of the IriJh, as he could beft
govern, and depend on ; and advifed him to land in the
North of England, or in the Weft of Scotland.
The Siege ^"^ ^^ ^^^ thing that was to be done, was to reduce Lon-
of London- donderry. In order to this, two different Advices were offered.
The one was, to march with a great Force, and to take it im-
mediately : for the Town was not capable of refifting, if vi-
goroully attack'd. The other was, to block it up (o, that it
fhould be forced in a little time to furrender -, and to turn to
other more vigorous defigns. But, whereas either of thefe
Advices might have been purfued with advantage, a third
Advice was offered, but I know npt by whom, which was

the

of K.Willi AM and Q. M a R y. 19

the only bad one, that could be propofed ; and yct.^ by a fort 1689
of fatality, which hung over that King, it was followed by him j ^^^^'""V*
and that was, to prefs the Town by a flow Siege, which, a$
was given out, would bring the /r//2> into the methods of War,
and would accuflom them to Fatigue and Difcipline. And
this being refolved on, King yames fcnt a fmall Body before
it, which was ofteii changed : And by thefe he continued the
Siege above two months, in which the poor Inhabitants formed
themfelves into great Order, and came to generous Refolutions
of enduring the laft extremities. They made fome Sallies, in
which the Irijh always ran away, and left their Officers ; {o
that many of their bed Officers were killed. Thofe within
fuffered little, but by hunger, which deftroyed near two thirds
of their number. One Convoy, with two Regiments, and
Provifions, was fent to their relief: But they looked on the
fervice as defperate, being deceived by Lundyy who was the
Governour of the Place, and had undertaken to betray it to
King yames ; but he finding them jealous of him, came to
the Convoy, and perfuaded tliem that nothing could be done:
So they came back, and Lundy with them. Yet the poor
Inhabitants, tho' thus forfaken, refolved ftill to hold out ; and
fent over fuch an account of the ftate they were in, that a fe-
cond and greater Convoy was fent, with about 5000 men,
commanded by Kirk^ who, after he came in iight, made not
that hafte to relieve them that was neceflary, confidering the
mifery they were in. They had a River that came up to their
Town : But the IriJh had laid a Bomb and Chains crofs it,
and had planted Batteries for defending it. Yet a Ship fail-
ing up with Wind and Tide broke through : And fo the Town .
was relieved, and the Siege raifed in great confufion. raifed.

Iniskillin had the fame fate : The Inhabitants entred into
Refolutions of fuffering any thing, rather than fall into the
hands of the IriJh : A confiderable Force was fent againft
them : but thro' their courage, and the cowardice of the Irijby
they held out.

AH this while, an Army was preparing in England^ to be
fent over for the Reduction of Ireland, commanded by Schom-
berg, who was made a Duke in England, and to whom the Dukc3VJ&ow-
Parliament gave 100,000 Pounds for the fervices he had^^^*''**
done. The Levies were carried on in Engla7id with great went to //•#-
zeal: And the Bodies were quickly full. But, tho' both Offi-^''"'^-
cers and Soldiers fliewed much courage and affedion to the
fervice ; yet they were raw, without experience, and without
skill. Schopiberg had a quick and happy paffage; with about

1 0,000

fd The History of the Reign

1689 10,000 men. He landed at Belfafi, and brought the Forces
v.-^^^v"'^^ that lay in Uljier together. His Army, when flrongeft, was
not above 14,000 men ; and he had not above 2000 Horfe.'
He marched on to Dundalk j and there pofted himfelf. King
James came to Ardee^ within five or fix miles of him, being
above thrice his number. Schofnberg had not the Supplies fi-ora
England^ that had been promifed him: Much treachery or
ravenoufnefs appeared in many, who were employed. And he
finding his numbers fo unequal to the Irijh^ refolved to lie
on the defenfive. He lay there fix weeks in a very rainy Sea-
fon. His men, for want of due care and good management,
contra6ted fuch Difeafes, that he loft almoft the one half of
his Atmy. Some blamed him for not putting things more
to hazard : It was faid, that he meafured the Iri/h by their
Numbers, and not by their want of Senfe and Courage. Such
complaints were fent of this to the King, that he wrote twice
to him, preffing him to put fomewhat to the venture : But
he faw the Enemy was well pofted, and well provided : And
he knew they had feveral good Ofticers among them. If he
had puftied matters, and had met with a misfortune, his
whole Army, and confequently all Irelaitd^ would have been
loft : For he could not have made a regular Retreat. The
fure game was to preferve his Army : And that would fave
Uljier^ and keep matters entire for another year. This was
cenfured by fome ; But better judges thought, the managing
this Campaign as he did, was one of the greateft parts of his
Life. The IriJJj made fome poor attempts to beat up his
Quarters : But even where they furprifed his men, and were
„ . much fuperior in number, they were fo fhamefuUy beat back,

that this encreafed the contempt, the EngUJh naturally had for
them. In the end of OElober^ all went into Winter Quarters.
Affairs at Our operations on the Sea were not very profperous. Her-
Sea, ^^^^ ^^g ^gj^^ with a Fleet, to cut off the communication be-

tween France and Ireland. T\\^ French \\2idi fent over a Fleet,
with a great Tranfport of Stores and Ammunition. They
had landed their loading, and were returning back. As they
came out of Bantry Bay, Herbert engaged them. The wind
-w was againft him : So that it was not poftible for the greateft

part of the Fleet to come up, and enter into adion : And fo
■■^•^ thofe who engaged were forced to retire with fome difad-

vantage. But the French did not purfue him. He came
back to Port/mouthy in order to refit fome of his Ships ; and
went out again, and lay before Brejlj till the end of Summer.
But the French Fleet did not come out any more all that
- -;- Summer:

r

of K. William and Q,. Mary. 21

Summer: So that ours lay fome months at Sea to no purpofe. 1689
But, if we loft few of our Seamen in the Engagement, we loft ^^^^^/"^^
a great many, by reafon of the bad Victualling. Some cxcufed
this, becaufe it was fo late in the year, before Funds were
made for it: while others imputed it to bafe pradices, and
worfe defigns. So affairs had every where a very melancholy

•face.

I now turn to give an Account of the Proceedings in ^Sc^?/- Affairs in
land. A Convention of the States was fummoned there, {xi^"'^'*"^'
the fame manner as in England. Duke Hamilton was cho-
fen Preftdcnt. And, a Letter being offered to them, from
King James by Lindfay^ they would not receive, nor read
it : But went on to ftate the feveral Violations of their Con-
ftitution and Laws, made by King James. Upon thefe it was
moved, that a Judgment fhould be given, declaring, that he
had forfeited his Right to the Crown. Upon this, three Par-
ties were formed : One was compofed of all the Bifhops, and
fome of the Nobility, who oppofed thefe Proceedings againft Debate* in
the King, as contrary to their Laws and Oaths : Others thought, *^^ Conven-,
that their Oaths were only to the King, as having the execu-
tive Power, to fupport him in that; but that, if he fet him-
felf to invade and affume the Legiflature, he renounced his
former Authority by fubverting that, upon which it was found-
ed : So they were for proceeding to a declaratory Judgment :
A third Party was formed, of thofe who agreed with the for-
mer in their Conclufton: But not in coming to fo fpeedy a
determination. They thought, it was the Intereft of Scotland
to be brought under the Laws of England^ and to be united
to the Parliament of Ejigland ; and that this was the propereft
time for doing that to the beft advantage ; fince England
v.'ould be obliged, by the prefent ftate of Affairs, to receive
them upon good terms. They were therefore willing to pro-
ceed againft King James : But they thought it not reafonable
to make too much hafte in a riew Settlement ; and were for
maintaining the Government, in an Interregnum, till the Union
fiiould be perfeAed, or at leaft put in a probable way. This
was Ipecioiis, and many went into it : But, fince it tended
to the putting a ftop to a full Settlement, all that favoured
King James joined in it : For by this more time was gained.
To this Project it was objected, that the Union of the two
Kingdoms muft be a work of time ; ftnce many difficulties
would arife in any Treaty about it : whereas the prefent cir-
cumftances were critical, and required a fpeedy decifion, and
quick provifton to be made for their fecurity ; fince, if they
V o L. U. G con-

i i ^ Y J^^ H l> T o R Y (f the Reign »

1689 continued in fuch a neutral State, ihey would have many Enemies,
V-4*V!S«-^ and no Friends : And the zeal that was now working among
them for Presbytery, muft raife a greater averiion than ordi-
nary, in the Body that was CoF^theiChurch of ^/z^/^W, to any
fuch Treaty with thern. . , ; n;.h' '

While rpuch heat was occafioned ■. by this Debate, great Num-
bers came armed from the Weftern Counties, on pretence to
defend- the Convention : For the I^uke oi' Gordon was ftill in
the C^ii^lQ oi Edinburgh., and could have done thein much
harm, tho' he lay there in a very inoiFenfive ftate. He thought
the beft, thing he could do. 'was,, :i|:£) preferve that place long
for King "James j fince to provoke i^he Convention, would have
drawn a Siege and mine upon him, with too much precipi-
tation, while there v/as. not a Force in the Field ready to come
arid afTift him. ^ So- it;was, f^iid, there was no need of fuch
armed Companies, , aQd that they were come to over-awe and
force the Convention,., njAH'miiJ -i
ARifingde- The Earl oi Du?2dee! had been at Londony and had fixed
^IwfoJ ?.!' a correfpondenee . both with England and France : tho' he had
•"°-' employed me to carry Meflages, from him to the King, to
know \yhat Security Jbe might exped, if he fhould go and
live in Scotland YfithqiLjt owning^his Government. The King
faid, if he wouiji liye, peaceablyj ^nd at home, he would pro-
ted: him: To this he apfweredj thatj unlefs he were forced to it,
he would ' live quietly. , But he went down with other refolu-
tions ; and all the Party refolved to Submit to his command.
Upon his coming XQ Edinburgh, he pretended he was in dan-
ger from thofe armed multitudes : And fo he left the Conven-
tion; and went up and down the High-lands, and fent his
Agents about, to bring together what Force they could gather.
This fet on the Conclufion of the Debates of the Convention.
YJxngjames They paffed the Judgment of Forfeiture on King James.
rere.^"^^'*^ ^^^ on the iidi of April, the day in which die King and
Queen were crowned, with tlie" ordinary Solemnities at Wejimin-
Jler, they declared William and Mary King and Queen of
Scotla7td. But with this, as they ordered the Coronation-Oath
to be tendered to them, fo they drew up a Claim of Rights,
which they pretended, were the fundamental and unalterable
Laws of the Kingdom. By one of thefe it was declared, that
the Reformation in Scotland, having been begun by a parity
among the Clergy, all Prelacy in that Church was a great and
infupportable Grievance to that Kingdom. It was an abfurd
thing to put this in a Claim of Rights ; for which not only
they had no Law, but which was contrary to many Laws then

' in

[hts.

acy
was

\

of K. William, and Qi. M i k y. -25

in being: So that, tho' they might have" offered it as a Griev- 16^9
ance, there was no colour for pretendir^ it was a National '-<J''^/^^»^
Right. But they had a Notion among them, that every Article,
that fhould be put in the Claim of Rights, became an unalter*
able Law, and a Condition upon which thei Crown was to be ciatm^of'
held: whereas Grievances were fuch things, as werd fubmitted ^'8''
tp the King and Parliament to ! be redfclTcd, or not, as the^
fhould fee caufe : But the Bifhops, and thofe who adhered tp
them, having left -the Convention, the l^resbyterians had a ma-
jority of Voices to scarry ^v^ry^ thing as they pleafed, how un-
reafonable foever. And upon this, the abolifhing Epifcopacy
in Scotland^ was made a necefiary Article of the new Settle-
ment.

Soon after the King came to St.- yames's, the Epifcppal Party Epifcop;
there, had fent up the Dean of Glafgaw^ whom they ordered aLii/hed
to come to me: And I introduced him to the then Prince.
He was fent to know, what his Intentions were with relation
to them. He anfwercd, he would do all he could to preferve
them, granting a full Toleration to the Presbyterians : But this
was, in cafe they concurred in the new Setjrlemerk^ of that
Kingdom: For if they oppofed that, and if, by a great' Ma-
jority in Parliament, Refolutions fhould be taken againfl: thfem^
the^ King could - not wake a War for them : but ^et h6' would'
do 'all that was. ifiif his Power to maiiitain fuch of them, ^
jfhould live peaceably iri their Funftibns. This he ordered me
likewife to write back, 'in anfwer to what fome Bifhops and
others had writ to me upon that fubjeft. But the Earl of
Dundee^ when he went down, poffeffed them with fuch an-
opinion of another fpeedy Revolution, that would be brought
about in favour of King James., that they refolved to adhere
firmly to his Interefls : So, they declaring in a body, with fb
much zeal, in oppofition to the new Settlement, it was not pof-
fible for the King to preferve that Government there : All
thofe who exprefTcd their zeal for him, being equally zealous
againft that Order.

Among thofe who appeared in this Convention, none diflin-
guifhed himfelf more, than Sir yames Montgomery, a Gentle-
man of good Parts, but of a mofl unbridled heat, and of a'
reillefs ambition : He bore the greatefl fhare in the whole De-
bate, and promifed himfelf a great Pofl in the new Govern-
ment. Duke Hamilton prefided with great difcretion and cou-
rage : So that the bringing the Settlement fo foon to a calm
conclufion, was chiefly owing to him. A Petition of Grievances,^
relating to the Lords of the Articles, the Judges, the Coin,

and

(- !

>

24 The History of the Reign

•1689 and feveral other matters, was alfo fettled: And three Com-
y.^t^^^/"^^ miflioners were fent, one from every State, to the King and
Queen, witli the Tender of the Crown, with which they were
alfo to tender them the Coronation-Oath, and the Claim of
Rights : And when the Oath was taken, they were next to
offer the Petirion, for the Redrefs of Grievances. The three
Com miflioners were, the Earl of Argyle for the Lords, Sir
yames Montgomery for the Knights, or, as: they call them, for
the Barons, and Sir yohn Dalrymple for the Burroughs. When
the King and Queen took the Oaths, the King explained one
word in the Oath, by which he was bound . to reprefs Here-
Jies, that he did not by this bind himfelf to perfecute any for
their Confcience. And now he was King of Scotland, as well
as of England and Ireland.
A Miniflry The firft thing to be done was, to form a Miniflry in Scot-
jn Scotland, i^^^^ ^^^ ^ Council ; and to fend Inftrudions, for turning the
Convention into a Parliament, in which the Duke of Hamil-
ton was to reprefent the King, as his Commiflioner. Before
the King had left the Hague, Fagel had fo effedually recom-.
mended Dalrymple, the Father, 'to him, that he was refolved
to rely chiefly on him for advice. And, tho' he had heard
great complaints of him, as indeed there was fome ground
for them, yet, fiiice his Son was fent One of the three, upon
fo great a Deputation, be concluded from thence that the Fa-
mily was not fo much hated, as he had been informed : So
he continued ftill to be advifed by him. The Epifcopal Party-
were afraid of Montgomery^ being made Secretary, from whom
they expelled nothing but extream feverities: So they fet them-
felves to divert that, and the Lord Melvil, who had married
the Dutchefs of Mo?tmouth\ Sifl:er, and had continued from
1660 firm to Presbytery, and had been of late forced to leave
the Kingdom, was looked on as an eafy Man, who would have
credit enough to reftrain the fury of that Party. So he was
made fole Secretary of State; which proved a very imhappy
ftep : for, as he was by his Principle bigotted to Presbytery,
and ready to facrifice every thing to their humours, fb he prov-
ed to be in all refpeds a narrow hearted man, who minded his
own Intereft more, than either tliat of the King or of his Coun-
try. This choice gave a great diftafte : And that was followed
by a Miniftry, in the framing of which he had the chief hand ;
who were weak and paflionate men. All Offices were fplit
into Commiflions, that many might have fome fhare : But it
rendred them all contemptible : And, tho' Moritgomery had a
confiderable Pofl offered him, yet his mifling that he aimed
bns 2 at

of K. William a/td Gi.MAtiY. if

at ftuck deep, and began to work in him an averfion to the 1689
King, which broke Oiit afterwards into much fury and plotting ^-^^''^
againft him. Nor did Duke Hamilton think, that he was con-
fidercd, in the new model of the Miniftry, as he deferved, and
might juftly have cixpeiSled.

The Parliament there was opened with much ilj humour : A fartioo
And they refolved to carry the Redrefs of Grievances very far. scohanS*
Lord Melvill hoped to have gained the Presbyterian Party^ bjr
fending Inftrudions to Duke Hamilton^ to open the Seflion with
an Ad in favour of Presbytery : But the Majority refolved to
begin with their Temporal concerns. So the firft Grievance,
to which a Redrefs was defired, was the Power of the Lords of
the Articles ; that relating fo immediately to the Parliament itfelf.
The King confented to a proper Regulation, as that the number
fhould be enlarged and changed, as often as the Parliament
fhould defire it, and that the ParHament might bring matters
before tliem, tho' they were reje£led by the Lords of the Ar-
ticles. This anfwered all the juft complaints, that had been
made of that part of the Conftitution : But the King thought
it was the Intereft of the Crown, to prefefve it thus regulated i
Yet it was pretended, that, if the name and fhadow of that
were ftill kept up, the Parliament would in fome time be in-
fenfibly brought under all thofe Reftraints, that were now to be
provided againft. So they moved to take it quite away. Duke
Hamilton writ long Letters, both to the King and to the Lord
Melvill^ giving a full account of the progrefs of an ill humour,
that was got among them, and of the ill confequence it was like
to have : But he had no anfwer from the King : And Lord
Melvill writ him back dark and doubtful orders : So he took
little care how matters went, and was not ill pleafed to fee them
go wrong. The Revenue was fettled on the King for life : And
they raifed the money, which was neceflary for maintaining a fmall
Force in that Kingdom, tho' the greateft part of an Army of
6000 men was paid by England. But even the Presbyterians
began to carry their Demands high ; They propofed to have
the King's Supremacy, and the Right of Patronage taken away :
And they asked fo high an Authority to their Government, that
Duke Hamilton^ tho' of himfelf indifferent as to thofe matters,
yet would not agree to them. He thought, thefe broke in too
much on their Temporal concerns ; and would eftablifh a Ty-
ranny in Presbytery, that could not be eaftly born. He writ
to me very fully on that head, and I took the Hberty to fpeak
fometimes to the King on thofe fubjeds ; my defign being
chiefly to ftielter the Epifcopal Clergy, and to keep the change.

Vol. IL Ji that

26 The History of the Reign

1689 that was now to be made, on fuch a foot, that a door might
t^^"v^"^5>-' ftill be kept open : But Lord Mehill had poffefled the King
with a notion, that it was neceflary for his fervice, that the Pref-
byterians fhould know, that I did not at all meddle in thofe
matters, otherwife they would take up a jealoufy of every thing
that was done ; and that this might make them carry their
demands much further : So I was fhut out from all meddling
in thofe matters : And yet I was then, and ftill continue to
be much loaded with this prejudice, that I did not ftudy to
hinder thofe changes, that were then made in Scotlafid. And
all the King's enemies in England continued ftill to charge him,
for the alterations then made in Scotland ; tho' it was not pof-
fible, had he been ever fo zealous for Epifcopacy, to have pre-
ferved it at that time ; And I could do no more than I did,
both for the Order itfelf, and for all thofe who adhered to it
there. A new debate was fet on foot in that Parliament,
concerning the Judges. By the Law there, when the King
names a Judge, he ought to be examined by other Judges, whe-
ther he is qualified as the Law direds : But, in the year 1661,
becaufe the Bench was to be filled with a new fett of Judges,
fo that there was none to examine the reft, the nomination
the King then made, was read in Parliament : And, no ob-
jedion being made to any of them, they did upon that fit and
ad as Judges. It was expeded, that the fame method fhould
be followed at this time. But inftead oi that, the King con-
tinued fuch a number of the former Judges, as was fufficient
to examine thofe, who were now to be advanced : So that
was ordered to be done. Upon this thofe, who oppofed every
thing, pretended, that the Nomination ought to be made in
Parliament : And they had prepared Objedions againft every
one, that was upon the Lift ; intending by this to put a publick
Afiront on one of the Firft, and moft important Adions of
the King's Government. Duke Hamilton had a pofitive In-
ftrudion fent him, not to fufter this matter to be brought ipto
Parliament : Yet he faw the Party was fo fet, and fo ftrong,
that they had a clear Majority : Nor did he himfelf very muci
approve of the Nomination, chiefly that of old Dalrympky foon
after made Lord Stair, to be Prefident. So he difcontinued
the Parliament.
A Rifing in But, while thofe animofities were thus fomented, the Earl of
Dundee had got together a confiderable body of Gentlemen,
with fome Thoufands of Highlanders. He fent feveral Mef-
, fengers over to Ireland, prefling King James to come, either

to the North of England, or to ^gqfland. But, at the fame

4«ie

of K. Will I A m and Q. Mary, ly

time he defircd, that he would not bring the Lord Me/fort over i68g
with him, or employ him more in Scotch Bufmefs ; and that c^^'V""^
he would be contented with the exercife of his jown Religion.
It may be eafily fuppofcd, that all this went againft the grain
with King James \ and that the Lord Melfort difparaged all
the Earl of Du7idee\ undertakings. In this he was much fup-
portcd by the French near that King, who had it given them in
charge (as a main inftrudion) to keep him up to a high own-
ing of his Religion, and of all thofe who were of it ; and not
to fuller him to enter into any Treaty or Conditions with his
Proteftant Subjeds, by which the Papifts Ihould in any fort
fuffer, or be fo much as difcouraged. The Irijh were willing
enough to crofs the Seas to England^ but would not confent to the
going over to Scotland. So the Earl of Dundee was furnifhed
with fome fmall ftore of Arms and Ammunition, and had kind
promifes, encouraging him, and all that joined with him.

Mackajfy a General Officer, that had ferved long in Holland
with great reputation, and who was the pioufeft man I ever
knew, in a Military vv^ay, was fent down to command the Army
in Scotland. He was one of the beft Officers of the Age, when
he had nothing to do but to obey and execute Orders ; for he
was both diHgent, obliging and brave : But he was not fo
fitted for command. His Piety made him too apt to miftruft
his own Senfe, and to be too tender, or rather fearful, in any
thing, where there might be a needlefs effufion of blood. He
followed the Earl of Dundee'^ motions, who was lefs encum-
ber'd with Cannon and other Baggage, and fo marched quicker
than it was poffible for him to follow : His men were for the
moft part new-levied, and without experience ; but he had
fome old Bodies, on whom he depended. The heads of the
Clanns among the Highlanders, promifed to join him : but
moft of them went to the Earl of Dundee. At laft, after many
marches and motions, they came to an engagement at Gilli-
cranky^ fome few miles above Dunkell : The ground was narrow:
And Lord Dundee had the advantage : He broke through Mac-
kay\ Army, and they ran for it ; And probably, if the Earl of
Dundee had out-lived that day, the Vidory might have been
purfued far: But a random Ihot put an end to his life, and
to the whole defign : For Mackay ralHed his men, and made
fuch a ftand, that the other fide fell into great diforder, and
could never be formed again into a confiderable Body : A Fort
was foon after built at Innerlockyy which was called Fort Wil-
liam^ and ferved to cut off" the communication between the Nor-
thern and Southern Highlanders.

During

28 The History of the Reign

1689 During all thefe publick diforders, that happen'd in fo many"
K^r^^T'^ different places, the Trade fuffered confiderably : For the French^
not fetting out a Fleet any more, fent out fo many Cruifers
and Privateers into our Seas, that England thereby fuffered great
loffes ; there not being at that time a fujffieient number of Fri-
gates to convoy and fccure the Merchant-men. We feemed to
be Mafters at Sea, and yet were great Lofers there.

Affairs went much better on the Rhine. The Imperial Army,
ASirsI commanded by the Duke of Lorrain^ took Mentz^ which the
French had entred, after they took Philipsburg : The Siege was
flow and long, but profperous in its conclulion : And by this
means Franconia, which before lay expofed, was now covered.
The Ele(9:or of Brandenburg came down with an Army, and
cleared the Archbiflioprick of Coloign^ which was before pof-
feffed by French Garrifons. Keizerwart and Bonne held him
fome time : but the reft were foon taken. So now the Rhine
was open all up to Mentz. Nothing paffed in Flanders^ where
Prince Waldeck commanded : And the Campaign ended with-
out any misfortunes on that fide.
A jeaioufy I now return to the affairs of E?}gland, during the Recefs.
fpread ^'"^ '^^^ clergy generally took the Oaths, tho' with too many rc-
mong the fervatious and diftindiions, which laid them open to fevere cen-
CJefgy, fures, as if they had taken them againft their Confcience.
The King was fufpedled by them, by reafon of the favour
fhewed to Diffenters, but chiefly for his aboliftiing Epifcopacy
in Scotland^ and his confenting to the fetting up Presbytery
there. This gave fome credit to the Reports, that were with
great induftry infufed into many of them, of the King's cold-
nefs at beft, if not his averfion, to the Church of England.
The leading men in both Univerfities, chiefly Oxford^ were
poffeffed with this j And it began to have very ill effeds over
all England. Thofe who did not carry this fo far as to think,
as fome faid they did, that the Church was to be pulled down ;
yet faid, a Latitudinarian Party was like to prevail, and to en-
grofs all Preferments. Thefe were thought lefs bigotted to
outward Ceremonies : So now it was generally fpread about,
that men zealous for the Church would be negle<3:ed, and that
thofe who were more indifferent in fuch matters, would be
preferred. Many of jhe latter had managed the Controver-
fies with the Church of Rome with fo much clearnefs, and
with that fuccefs, that the Papifts, to revenge themfelves, and
to blaft thofe, whom they confidered as their moft formidable
Enemies, had caft afperfions on them as Socinians, and as men
that denied all Myfl:eries. And now, fome angry men at Ox-

fordy

of K. William and Q.Mary. 29

fordi who apprehended that thofc Divines were likely to be 1689
moft confidered in this Reign, took up the fame method of '-'<^'^^''^'^
Calumny ; and began to treat them as Socinians. The Earl of
Clarendon, and fome of the Bifliops, who had already incurred
the Sufpenfion, for not taking the Oaths to the Government,
took much ill-natured pains to fpread thefe Slanders. Six
Bifhopricks happened to fall within this year : Salisbury, Chef-
ter, Bangor, Worcejler, Chichejler, and Brijiol : So that the
King named fix Bifhops within fix months. And the Perfons
promoted to thefe Sees were, generally, men of thofe princi-
ples. The proceedings in Scotland caft a great load on the
King : He could not hinder the change of the Government of
that Church, without putting all his affairs in great difordcr;
The Epifcopal Party went almoft univerfally into King James s
Interefts : So that the Presbyterians were the only Party, that
the King had in that Kingdom. The King did indeed affurc
us, and my felf in particular, that he would reftrain and mo-
derate the violence of the Presbyterians. Lord Melvill did.
alfo promife the fame thing very folemnly : And at firft he
feemcd much fet upon it. But when he faw fo great a Party
formed againft himfelf: And, fince many of the Presbyterians
inclined to favour them, and to fet themfelves in an oppofitioii
to the Court, he thought it was the King's Intereft, or at Icaft
his own, to engage that Party entirely : And he found nothing
could do that fo effedually, as to abandon the Minifters of
the Epifcopal Perfuafion to their fury. He fet up the Earl of
Crawford, as the head of his Party ; who was paflionate in his
temper, and was out of meafure zealous in his Principles : He
was chofen to be the Prefident of the Parliament. He received
and encouraged all the complaints, that were made of the
Epifcopal Minifters : The Convention, when they pafled the
Votes, declaring the King and Queen, order'd a Proclamation
to be read the next Sunday, in all the Churches of Edinburgh ;
and in all the other Churches in the Kingdom, by a certain
prefixed day ; but which was fo near at hand, that it was fcarce
pofiible to lay Proclamations, all round the Nation, within the
time ; and it was abfolutely impofTible for the Clergy to meet
together, and come to any refolution among themfelves : For
the moft part, the Proclamations were not brought to the Mi-
nifters till the morning of the Sunday, in which they were
ordered to be read ; fo, this having the face of a great change
of Principles, many could not on the fudden refolve to fubmit to
it: Some had not the Proclamations brought to them till the day
was paft ; Many of thefe read it the Sunday following. Some of
Vol. II. ^ J thofe<

JO The History of the Reign

1689 thofe, who did not think fit to read the Proclamation, yet obeyed
UJ^^v'-'^^iJ it J and continued, after that, to pray for the King and Queen.
Complaints were brought to the Council of all thofe, who had
not read nor obeyed the Proclamation ; And they were in a
fummary way deprived of their Benefices. In the executing
this, Lord Crawford fhewed much eagernefs and violence.
Thofe who did not read the Proclamation on the day appointed,
had no favour, tho' they did it afterwards. And upon any
word that fell from them, either in their extemporary Prayers,
or Sermons, that fhewed difafFedion to the Government, they
were alfo deprived : All thefe things were publifhed up and
down England, and much aggravated : And raifed the averfion,
that the friends of the Church had to the Presbyterians fo high,
that they began to repent their having granted a Toleration to
a Party, that, where They prevailed, fhewed fo much fury
againfl thofe of the Epifcopal Perfuafion. So that fuch of us,
as had laboured to excufe the change, that the King was forced
to confent to, and had promifed in his Name, great Modera-
tion towards our friends in that Kingdom, were much out of
countenance, when we faw the Violence with which matters
were carried there. Thefe things concurred to give the Clergy
fuch ill impreflions of the King, that we had little reafon to
look for fuccefs, in a defign that was then preparing for the
Convocation, for whom a Summons was ifliied out to meet, dur-
ing the next Seffion of Parliament.
A Compre- It was told, in the Hiftory of the former Reign, that the Clergy
henfion en- J' J ^^^^ exprefs an inclination, to come to a temper with relation
to the Presbyterians, and fuch other Difl'enters as could be brought
into a Comprehenfion with the Church : The Bifhops had men-
tioned it in the Petition to King "James, for which they were
tried ; And his prefent Majefty had promifed, to endeavour an
Union between the Church and the Diffenters, in that Declara-
tion, that he brought over with him : But it feemed neceffary
to prepare and digefl that matter carefully, before it fhould be
offered to the Convocation. Things of fuch a nature ought to
be judged of by a large number of Men ; but mufl be pre-
pared by a fmaller number well chofen : Yet it was thought
a due refpe£l to the Church, to leave the matter wholly in the
hands of the Clergy. So, by a fpecial Commiffion under the
Great Seal, Ten Bifhops and Twenty Divines were empowered
to meet, and prepare fuch Alterations, in the Book of Com-
mon-Prayer and Canons, as might be fit to lay before the Con-
vocation. This was become neceflary, fince by the Submiffion,
^hich the Clergy in Convocation made to King //(?/?r)/ VIII, which

was

of KWiLLiAM and Q. M a r y. 31

was confirmed in Parliament, they bound themfelvcs not to at- 1689
tempt any new Canons, without obtaining the King's leave firft, ^^^'(^'W"^
and that under the pains of a Premunire. It was looked on there-
fore, as the propereft way, to obtain the King's leave, to have a
Scheme of the whole matter put in order, by a number of Bifhops
and Divines : Great care was taken to name thefe fo impartially,
that no exceptions could lie againft any of tliem : They, upon this,
late clofcly to it, for feveral weeks : They had before them all
the Exceptions, tliat either the Puritans before the War, or the
Nonconformifts fince the Reftoration, had made to any part
of the Church-Service : They had alfo many PropoHtions and
Advices that had been offered, at feveral times, by many of our
Bifhops and Divines, upon thofe heads : Matters were well con-
fidered, and freely and calmly debated : And all was digefted
into an entire Corredion of every thing, that feemed liable to
any juft objedion : We had fomc very rigid, as well as very
learned men among us ; tho' the moft rigid, either never came
to our Meetings, or they foon withdrew from us, declaring them-
felves dilTatisfied with every thing of that nature ; fome telling
us plainly, that they were againft all alterations whatfoevcr.
They thought, too much was already done for the Diflenters, in
tlie Toleration that was granted them ; but that they would do
nothing to make that ftill ealier. They faid further, that the
altering the Cuftoms and Conftitution of our Church, to gratify
a peevifli and obftinate Party, was like to have no other effed:
on them, but to make them more infolent ; as if the Church,
by offering thefe Alterations, feemed to confefs that fhe had
been hitherto in the wrong. They thought, this attempt would
divide us among our felves, and make our People lofe their
efteem for the Liturgy, if it appeared that it wanted Corredion.
They alfo excepted to the manner of preparing matters, by a fpe-
cial Commiflion, as limiting the Convocation, and impofing
upon it : And to load this with a word of an ill found, they
called this a new Ecclefiaftical Commiflion. But in anfwer to
all this, it was faid ; that, if by a few Corredions or Explana-
tions, we offered all juft fatisfadion to the chief Objedions of
the Diflenters, we had reafon to hope, that this would bring
over many of them, at leaft of the People, if not of the Teach-
ers among them ; or, if the prejudices of education wrought too
ftrongly upon the prefent Age, yet, if fome more fenfible ob-
jedions were put out of the way, we might well hope, that it
would have a great effed on the next generation. If thefe
condefcenfions were made fo, as to own, in the way of offering
them, that the Nonconformifts had been in the right, that might

turn

3 2 The History of the Reign

1689 turn to the reproach of the Church: But, fuch offers being
L^^^^s/"'^ made only, in regard to their weaknefs, the reproach fell on
them ; as the honour accrued to the Church, who fhewed her
I felf a true Mother, by her care to preferve her Children. It

was not offered, that the ordinary pofture, of receiving the Sa-
crament kneeling, fliould be changed : That was ftill to be the
received and favoured pofture : Only fuch, as declared they
could not overcome their fcruples in that matter, were to be
admitted to it in another pofture. Ritual matters were of. their
own nature indifferent, and had been always declared to be
fo : All the neceflity of them arofe only, from the authority
in Church and State, that had enaftcd them. Therefore it
was an unreafonable ftiffnefs, to deny any abatement, or yield-
ing in fuch matters, in order to the heahng the wounds of our
Church. Great alterations had been made in fuch things, m
all the Ages of the Church. Even the Church of Rome was
ftill making fome alterations in her Rituals. And changes had
been made among our felves, often fince the Reformation, in
King Edward^ Queen Elizabeth, King James, and King Charles
the Second's reigns. Thefe were always made upon fome great
turn : Critical times being the moft proper for deftgns of that
kind. The Toleration, now granted, feemed to render it more
, neceffary than formerly, to make the terms of Communion,
with the Church, as large as might be ; that fo we might draw
over to us the greater number, from thofe who might now
leave us more fafely : And therefore we were to ufe the more
care in order to gaining of them. And, as for the manner of
preparing thefe overtures, the King's Supremacy fignify'd little^
if he could not appoint a feledl number to confider of fuch
matters, a« he might think fit to lay before the Convocation..
This did no way break in upon their full freedom of Debate j
it being free to them to reje6t, as well as to accept, of the Pro-^
pofitions that fliould be aftered to them. But, while men were
arguing this matter on both fides, the Party that was now at work
for King James, took hold of this occafion to enflame mens
minds. It was faid, the Church was to be jjulled down, and
Presbytery was to be fet up ; that all this now in Debate was
only intended to divide and diftra<3; the Church, and to render
it, by that means, both weaker and more ridiculous, while it
Went off from its former grounds, in offering fuch conceffions.
The Univerfities took fire upon this ; and began to declare
againft it, and againft all that promoted it, as men that in-
tended to undermine the Church : Severe Refledions wera
eaft on the King, as being in an Intereft contrary to the
a Church J

of X. W I L L I A M and Q. M a r y. 3 j

church : For tlie Church was as the word given out by the Ja- 1689
cobite Party, under which they thought they might more fafcly '-<^'''>'*^^
flicker themfelvcs : Gteat canvaflings were every where, in the
Elections of Convocation-Men ; d. thing not known in former
times : So that it was foon very vifible, that we wefe not in a
temper, cool br cahn enough, to encourage tile further profecut-
ing fuch a defign.

When the Convocation was opened^ the King fent them a A Convoca-
Mcflage by the Earl of Nottingham^ afluring them of his con- liouiTnot"
ftant Favour and Protedion, and defiring them to confider fuch *g'« ^° "•
tilings, as by his order fhould be laid before them, with due care,
and an impartial zeal for the peace and good of the Church.
But the Lower Houfe of Convocation expreffed a refolution not
to enter into any Debates with relation to alterations : So that diey
would take no notice of the fecond part of the King's Meflage :
And it was, not without difficulty, carried to make a decent
Addrefs to the King, thanking him for his Promife of Protection.
But becaufe, in tha draught which the Bifhops fent them, they
acknowledged the Protedion that the Proteftant Religion in ge-
neral, and the Church of England in particular, had received
from him, the lower Houfe thought, that this imported their
Owning fome common Union with the foreign Proteftants : So
they would not agree to it. There was at diis time but a fmall
number of Bifhops in the upper Houfe of Convocation : And
they had not their Metropolitan with them : So they had not
ftrength nor authority to fet things forward. Therefore they
advifed the King to fufFer the Seffion to be difcontinued. And
thus, feeing they were in no difpofition to enter upon bufinefs,
they were kept from doing mifchief by Prorogations, for a courfe
of ten years. This was in reality a favour to them ; for, ever
lince the year 1662, the Convocation had indeed continued to
iit, but to do no bufinefs ; fo that they were kept at no fmall
charge in Town to do nothing, but only to meet, and read a Latin
Litany. It was therefore an eafe, to be freed from fuch an at-
tendance to no purpofe. The ill reception, tliat the Clergy gave
the King's meflage, raifed a great and jufl: out-cry againft
diem : Since all the promifes made in King James\ time were
now fo entirely forgot.

But there was a very happy direction of the Providence of
God obferved in this matter. The Jacobite Clergy, who were
then under Sufpenfion, were defigning to make a Schifm in the
Church, whenfoever they fhould be turned out, and their places
fhould be filled up by others. They faw, it would not be eafy
to make a Separation upon a private and perfonal account;

Vol. II. K They

34 The H 1 s t o R Y of the Ueign

1689 They therefore wilhed to be fiirnifhed with more fpecious prfe-
U?''*^/"'^ tences : And, if we had made alterations in the Rubrick, and
other parts of the Common-Prayer, they would have pretended,
that they ftill ftuck to the Ancient Church of England^ in op-
pofition to thofe who were altering it, and fetting up new mo-
dels : And, as I do firmly believe that there is a wife Provi-
dence, that watches upon human affairs, and diredls them, '
chiefly thofe that relate to Religion ; fo I have with great plea-
fure obferved this, in many inftances relating to the Revolution.
And, upon this occafion, I could not but fee, that the Jacobites
among us, who wifhed and hoped that we fhould have made
thofe Alterations, which they reckoned would have been of
great advantage for ferving their ends, were the inftruments
of raifing fuch a clamour againft them, as prevented their be-
ing made. For by all the judgments wc could afterwards make,
if we had carried a Majority in the Convocation for alterations,
they would have done us more hurt than good.
A Seffion of I now tum to a more important, as well as a more trouble-
Pariiamenr. ^^^_^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ Winter, a ScfTion of Parliament met, full of

jealoufy and ill humour. The ill condud of affairs was im-
puted chiefly to the Lord Halifax ; fo the firfl: attack was
made on him. The Duke of Bolton made a motion in the
Houfe of Lords, for a Committee to examine, who had the
chief hand in the Severities and Executions in the end of King
Charles's reign, and in the ^0 Warranto s^ and the delivering
up the Charters : The Enquiry lafted fome weeks, and gave
occafion to much heat : But nothing appeared that could be
proved, upon which Votes or Addreffes could have been ground-
ed : Yet the Lord Halifax having, during that time, concurred
with the Miniftry in Council ; he faw, it was neceflary for him
to withdraw now from the Minifters, and quit the Court.
And fosn after he reconciled himfelf to the Tories, and be-
came wholly theirs : He oppofed every thing that looked fa-
vourably towards the Government, and did upon all occafions
ferve the Jacobites, and protect the whole Party. But the
Whigs began to lofe much of the King's good opinion, by the.
heat that they fhewed in both Houfes againft their enemies ;
and by the coldnefs that appeared in every thing, that related
to the Publick, as well as to the King in his own particular.
He expreffed an earneft defire to have the Revenue of the Crown
fettled on him for life : He faid, he was not a King, till that
was done ; Without that, the title of a King was only a page-
ant. And he fpoke of this with more than ordinary vehemence :
So that fometimes he faid, he would not ftay, and hold an

empty

of K. William and Q, M a r Y* 35*

empty name, unlefs that was done: He faid once to my felf, 1689
He underftood die good of a Commonwealth, as well as of a c<?'^>^*'^
Kingly Government : And it was not eafy to determine, which grtw^Suj
was beft : But he was fure, the worft of all Governments was, ofthtWhigs.
that of a King without Treafure, and without Power. But a
jealoufy was now infufcd into many, that he would grow Ar-
bitrary in his Government, if he once had the Revenue ; and
would ftrain for a high ftretch of Prerogative, as foon as he
was out of difficulties and neceffities| Thofe of the Whigs,
who had lived Ibme years at Amjlerdamy had got together a
great many ftories, that went about the City, of his fullennefs,
and imperious way of didtating : The Scotch^ who were now
come up, to give an account of the proceedings in Parliament,
iet about many things that heightned their apprehenfions. One
Simpfon^ a Scotch Presbyterian, was recommended to the Earl
of Portland, as a man whom he might truft j who would bring
him good intelHgence : So he was often admitted, and was
entertained as a good Spy : But he was in a fecret confidence
with one Nevill Payne, the moft adlive and dextrous of all
King yamesh Agents, who had indeed loft the reputation of
an honeft man entirely : And yet had fuch arts of manage-
ment, that even thofe who knew what he was, were willing to
employ him. Simpfon and he were in a clofe League together ;
And he difcovered fo much of their fecreteft intelligence to
Simpfon, that he might carry it to the Earl of Portland, as made
him pafs for the beft Spy the Court had. When he had gain-
ed great credit, he made ufe of it to infufe into the Earl of
Portland jealoufies of the King's beft friends ; And, as the Earl
of Portland hearkned too attentively to thcfe, fo by other hands
it was conveyed to fome of them, that the Court was now
become jealous of them, and was feeking Evidence againft
them.

Sir James Montgomery was eafily pofleffed with thefe reports ; Conspiracy
and he and fome others, by Paynes management, fell a treat- Jfoveln- '*
ing with King Jamess Party in England : They demanded an ment.
aflurance for the fettlement of Presbytery in Scotland, and to
have the chief Pofts of the Government fhared among them :
Princes in exile are apt to grant every thing that is asked of
them ; for they know that, if they are reftored, they will have
every thing in their power : Upon this, they entred into a clofe
Treaty, for the way of bringing all this about. At firft they
only asked money, for furnifhing themfelves with Arms and
Ammunition ; But afterwards they infifted on demanding 3000
men, to be fent over from Dunkirk ; becaufe, by Duke ScAom-

berg%

36 The HtsroKY of the Reign

1689 isrg's being pofted in Ulfier^ their communication with In^
UJ^'^'^*'^ land was cut off. In order to the carrying on this defign, they
reconciled themfelves to the Duke of ^eensbury^ and the other
Lords of the Epifcopal party ; And on both fides it was given
out, that .this Union of thofe, who were formerly fuch violent
Enemies, was only to fecure and ftrengthen their Intereft in
Parhament : The Epifcopal Party pretending, that Unce the King
was not able to proted them, they, who faw themfelves mark-
ed out for deftrudion, were to be excufed for joining \vith
thole, who could fecure them. Shnpfon brought an account
of all this to the Earl of Portland, and was prelTed by him to
find out witnefles to prove it againft Montgomery : He carried
this to them, and told them, that the whole bufinefs was dif-
covered, and that great Rewards were offered to fuch, as would
merit them by fwearing againft them. With this they alarm-
ed many of their Party, who did not know what was at bot-
tom, and thought that nothing was defigned, but an oppofi-
tion to Lord Mehill and Lord Stair ; And they wei-e poffeffed
with a fear, that a new bloody fcene of Sham-plots and fuborn-
ed Witneffes was to be opened. And when it began to be
whifpered about, that they were in treaty with King James^i
that appeared to be fo little credible, that it began to be faid,
by fome difcontented men, What could be expedled from a
Government, that was fo foon contriving the mine of its beft
Friends ? Some feared, that the King himfelf might too eafily
receive fuch Reports ; and that the common pradices of Mi-
nifters, who ftudy to make their Mafters believe, that all their
own enemies are likewife His, were like to prevail in this
reign, as much as they had formerly done. Montgomery came
to have great credit with fome of the Whigs in England, par-
ticularly with the Earl of Monmouth, and the Duke of Bolton :
And he employed it all, to perfuade them not to truft the
King, and to animate them againft the Earl of Portland : 'This
wrought fo much, that many were difpofed to think, they
could have good terms from King James : And, that he was
now fo convinced of former errors, that they might fafely
truft him. The Earl oi Monmouth let this out to my felf tv«ce;
but in a ftrain that looked like one who was afraid of it, and
who endeavoured to prevent it : but he fet forth the reafons
for it with great advantage, and thofe againft it very faintly.
Matters were trufted to Montgomery and Payne-, And Fergufon
was taken into it, as a man that naturally loved to embroil
things. So, a defign was managed, firft to alienate the City
of London fo entirely from the King, that no Loans might be

advanced

of K. William and Q. Ma ry. 37

advanced on the Money Bills; which, without credit upon 1689
them, could not anfwer the end, for which they were given. c<?^'v"s>J
It was fet about, that King yames would give a full Indemnity,
for all that was paft ; and that, for the future, he would fc-
parate Iiimfelf entirely from the French Intereft, and be content-
ed with a fccrct connivance at thofe of his own Religion. It
was faid, he was weary of the Infolence of the French Court,
and faw his error, in trufting to it io much as he had done.
This corrupted Party had gone fo far, that they feemed to
fancy, that the reftoring him would be not only fafe, but hap-
py to the Nation. I confefs, it was long before I could let
my felf tliink, that the matter was gone fo far; But I was at
laft convinced of it.

I received a Letter from an unknown hand, with a dircdlion Difcovcred
how to anfwer it : The fubftance of it was, that he could dif- jhor.*^ **"
cover a Plot, deeply laid againft the King, if he might be af-
fured not to be made a Witnefs ; and to have his friends, who
were in it, pardoned : By tlie King's order, I promifed the firft ;
But an indefinite promife of Pardon, was too much to ask : He
might, as to that, truft to the King's mercy. Upon this he
came to me, and I found he was Montgomery^ Brother : He
told me a Treaty was fettled with King yames ; Articles were
agreed on ; And an Invitation was fubfcribed, by the whole Ca- .
bal, to King yatnes to come over : Which was to be fent to the
Court of France; both becaufe the Communication was eafier,
and lefs watched, when it went thro' Flanders^ than widi Ire-
land ; And, to let the Court fee how ftrange a Party he had,
and by that means to obtain the Supplies and Force that was
defired. He faid, he faw the writing, and fome hands to it ;
but he knew many more were to fign it ; And he undertook
to put me in a method to feize on the Original Paper. The
King could not eafily believe the matter had gone fo far ; Yet
he ordered the Earl of Shrewsbury to receive fuch advices, as
I fhould bring him, and immediately to do what was proper :
So a few days after this, Montgomery told me, one Williamfon
was that day gone to Dover, with the original Invitation : I
found the Earl of Shrewsbury inclined enough to fufpedl Wil-
liamfon. He had for fome days folicited a Pafs for Flanders^
and had got fome perfons, of whom it was not proper to fhew
a Sufpicion, to anfwer for him. So one was fent Poft after
him, with orders to feize him in his bed, and to take his Clothes
and Portmanteau from him, which were ftridly examined ; But
nothing was found : Yet, upon the news of tliis, the Party was
grievoully affrighted ; But foon recovered themfelves : The true
Vol. II. L fccrct

38 The His TO KY of the Reign

1689 fecret of which was afterwards difcovered. Simp/on was (it
U^^^""^ feems) to go over with WUliamfon \ but firft to ride to fome'
Houfes that were in the way to Dover ; whereas the other went
directly in the Stage-Coach. It was thought fafefl for Simp/on
to carry thefe Papers ; for there were many different Invita-
tions, as they would not truft their hands to one common pa-
per : Simpfon came to the Houfe at Dover, where Williamfon was
in the Meffengers hands : Thereupon he went away immediately
to Deal, and hired a boat, and got fafe to France with his
Letters. Montgomery, finding that nothing was difcovered, by the
way which he had directed me to, upon that fancied he would
be defpifed by us, and perhaps fufpedled by his own fide ;
And went over foon after, and turned Papift : But I know not*^
what became of him afterwards. The fear of this Difcovery.
foon went off: Simpfon came back with large aflurances :
And 12000 Pounds were fent to the Scotch, who undertook
to do great matters. All pretended Difcoveries were laughed
at, and looked on as the fidions of the Court : And upon
this, the City of London were generally poffefled with a very
ill opinion of the King. The Houfe of Commons granted
the Supplies, that were demanded for the Redudion of Ireland,
and for the ^ota, to which the King was obliged by his Al-
liances : And they continued the gift of the Revenue for ano-
ther year. But one great error was committed by the Court,
in accepting remote Funds j whereby the Intereft of the money,
then advanced on a Fund, payable at the diftance of fome years,
did not only eat up a great deal of the Sum, but feemed fo
doubtful, that great Premiums were to be offered to thofe,
who advanced money upon a Security, which was thought very
contingent ; fince few believed that the Government would
laft fo long. So here was a fhew of great Supplies, which
yet brought not in the half of what they were eftimated at.
A Bill con- The Tories, feeing the Whigs grow fullen, and that they
cerning Cor- ^Quld make uo advauccs of money, began to treat with the
Court, and promifed great advances, if the ParHament might
be diffolved, and a new one be fummoned. Thofe propofi-
tions came to be known ; fo the Houfe of Commons prepared
a Bill, by which they hoped to have made fure of all future
Parliaments ; In it they declared, that Corporations could not
be forfeited, nor their Charters furrendred ; And they enaded,
that all Mayors and Recorders^ who had been concerned in
the private delivering up of Charters, without the confent of
the whole Body, and who had done that in a clandeftine man-
ner, before the Judgment that was given againft the Charter

of

^K William a/id Q. Mary. 39

of London^ fhould be turned out of all Corporations, and be 1689
incapable of bearing Office in them for Six years. This was uj'^V^s^
oppofed in the Houfe of Commons, by the whole ftrength of^
the Tory Party j for they faw the carrying it was the total ru-f
ine of their Intereft, thro' the whole Kingdom. They faid a
great deal againft the declaratory part; But whatfoever might
be in that, Ihey faid, lince the thing had been fo univerfal, it
feemcd hard to punifh it with fuch Severity : It was faid, thatj
by this means, the Party for the Church would be difgraced,i
and that the Corporation* would be caft into the hands off
Diflenters. And now both Parties made their court to the King ; i
The Whigs promifed every thing that he defired, if he would)
help them to get this Bill pafTed j And the Tories were not
wanting in their promifcs, it the Bill fhould be ftopp'd, and
the Parliament diffolved. The Bill was carried in the Houfe of
Commons by a great Majority : When it was brought up to
the Lords, the firft point in debate was, upon the declaratory;
part. Whether a Corporation could be forfeited or furrendred ;
Holt^ and two other Judges, were for the Affirmative, but all
the reft were for the Negative : No Precedents for the Affirma-
tive were brought, higher than the reign of King Henry VIII,
in which the Abbies were furrendred ; which was at that time
fo great a point of State, that the authority of thefc Precedents
feemed not clear enough for regular times : The Houfe was io
equally divided, that it went for the Bill only by one Voice;
After which, little doubt was made of the pafling the Adt.
But now the applications of the Tories were much quickned ;
They made the King all poffible promifes : And the promoters
of the Bill faw themfelves expofed to the Corporations, which
were to feci the effeds of this Bill, fo fenfibly, that they made
as great promifes on their part : The matter was now at a cri-
tical iffiie ; The paffing the Bill put the King and the Nation
in the hands of the Whigs ; as the rejeding it, and diffolving
the Parliament upon it, was fuch a trufting to the Tories, and
fuch a breaking with the Whigs, that the King was long in fuf-
pence what to do.

He was once very near a defperate refolution ; He thought,
he could not truft the Tories, and he refolved he would not
truft the Whigs ; So he fancied, the Tories would be true to the
Queen, and confide in her, tho' they would not in him. He
therefore refolved to go over to Holland^ and leave the Govern^
ment in the Queen's hands : So he called the Marquifs oiCaer-
marthen^ with the Earl of Shrewsbury^ and fome few more,
-and told them, he had a Convoy ready, and was refolved to

leave

40 The History of the Reign ^

1 68g leave all in the Queen's hands ; lince he did not fee how he could
\^r'\r%J extricate himfelf out of the difficulties, into which the animo-
fittes of Parties had brought him : They prefTed him vehement-
ly to lay afide all fuch defperate refolutions, and to comply
with the prefent neceffity ; Much paffion appeared among them:
The Debate was fo warm, that many tears were fhed ; In con-
ciufion, the King refbked to change his firft Defign, into ano-
ther better Refolution o{ going over in perfon, to put an end
to the War in Ireland : 'fhis was told me fome time, after
by the Earl of Shrewsbury ; But the Queen knew nothing of:
it, till - flie had it from me ; So referved was the King to her,
even in a matter that concerned her fo nearly. The King's
deiign, of going to Ireland^ came to be feen by the Preparations,
that were ordered , But a great Party was formed in both Houfes
to oppofe it :. Some did really apprehend the air of Ireland would
be fatal to fo weak a Conftitution ; And the Jacobites had no
mind that King "James fhould be fo much prefTed, as he would
probably be, if the King went againft him in perfon : It was
by concert propofed in both Houfes, on the fame day, to pre-
pare an Addrefs to the King againft this Voyage : So the King,
to prevent that, came the next day, and prorogued the Parlia-
ment J and that was foon after followed by a DifTolution.

This Seflion had . not raifed all the money, that was demand-
1090 gj £^j. the following Campaign ; So it was neceffary to iffue out
kCwPar- Writs immediately for a new Parliament. There was a great
liament. Struggle all Eiigland over in Eledions ; But the Corporation
Bill did fo highly provoke all thofe, whom it was to have
difgraced, that the Tories wxre by far the greater number in
the new Parliament. One thing was a part of the Bargain, that
. the Tories had made, that the Lieutenancy of London fhould
be changed : For upon the King's coming to the Crown, he
had given a CommilFion, out of which they were all excluded ;
which was fuch a Mortification to them, that they faid, they
could not live in the City with credit, unlefs fome of them
were again brought into that Commiftion : The King recom-
mended it to the Biftiop of London., to prepare a Lift of thofe,
who were known to be Churchmen, but of the more moderate,
and of fuch as were liable to no juft exception j that fo the
two Parties in the City might be kept in a Balance : The Bi-
fhop brought a Lift of die moft violent Tories in the City, who
had been engaged in fome of the worft things, that pafled in
the end of King Charles\ Reign : A Committee of Council
was appointed to examine the Lift ; But it was fo named, that
^ they

of K. William ^W % Marv, 41

they approved of it. This was done to the great grief of the 1690
"Whigs, who faid, that the King was now putting himfelf in ^-<^'v*"'^
his Enemies hands ; and that the Arms of the City were now
put under a fett of Officers, who, if there was a poffibility of
doing it without hazard, would certainly ufe them for Kingy^w^x.
This matter was managed by the Marquifs of Caermarthen., and
the Earl of Notti?igham ; but oppofed by the Earl of Shrewf^
burjy who was much troubled at the ill conduft of the Whigs,
but much more at this great change in the King's Government.
The Eledlions of Parliament went generally for men, who would
probably have declared for King Jamesy if they could have
known how to manage matters for him. The King made a
change in the Miniftry, to give them fome fatisfadtion ; The
Earls of Monmouth and Warrington were both difmifled ; Other
leffer changes were made in inferior places : So that Whig and
Tory were now pretty equallv mixed ; And both fludied to
court the King, by making advances upon the Money Bills.

The firft great Debate arofe, in the Houfe of Lords, upon a A Bill re-
Bill that was brought in, acknowledging the King and Queen JhrKilfg,
to be their Rightful and Lawful Sovereigns ; and declaring all ^^^^A^^f
the Ads of the laft Parliament to be good and valid. The firft the Conven-
part pafled, with little contradidion ; tho' fome excepted to the
words Rightful and Lawful^ as not at all neceflary. But the
fecond Article bore a long and warm Debate. The Tories of-
fered to ena<a, that thefe fliould be all good Laws, for the time
to come, but oppofed the doing it in the declaratory way. They
faid, it was one of the Fundamentals of our Conftitution, that
no Afiembly could be called a Parliament, unlefs it was called
and chofen upon the King's Writ. On the other hand it was
faid, that whatfoever tended to the calling the authority of that
Parliament in queflion, tended likewife to the weakning of the
prefent Government, and brought the King's Title into queftion.
A real neceflity, upon fuch extraordinary occafions, muft fuper-
fede Forms of Law : Otherwife the prefent Government was
under the fame NuUity. Forms were only Rules for peaceable
times : But, in fuch a jundure, when all that had a right to
come, either in perfon, or by their Reprefentatives, were fum-
xnoned, and freely eleded ; and when, by the King's Confent,
the Convention was turned to a Parliament, the effentials, both
with relation to King and People, were ftill maintained in the
Conftitution of that Parliament. After a long debate, the Ad:
paffed in the Houfe of Lords, with this temper, declaring and
enading, that the Ads of that Parliament were and are good and
valid : Many Lords protefting againft it, at the head of whom
.' Vol. IL M was

tion.

42 .V tThe History of the Reign ss

1690 was the Earl of Nottingham^ notwithftanding his great Office at
u«''^y"'^!»J Court. It was expeded, that great and long Debates fhould
have been made in the Houfe of Commons upon this A61. But,
tb the wonder of all People, it pafied in two days in that Houfe,
without any Debate or Oppolition. The truth was, the Tories
Had refolved to commit the Bill ; and in order to that, fome
trifling exceptions were made to fome words, that might want
correftion ; for Bills are not committed, unlefs fome amend-
ments are offered : And, when it was committed, it was then
refolv^ed to oppofe it. But one of them difcovered this too
early ; for he queftioned the Legality of the Convention, fince
it was not fummoned by Writ : SomerSj then Solicitor General,
anfwercd this with great fpirit ; He faid, if that was not a Le-
gal Parliament, they who were then met, and had taken the
Oaths, enadied by that Parliament, were guilty of High Trea-
fon ; the Laws repealed by it were ftill in force, fo they muft
prefently return to King James \ All the money levied, col-
•n ^m Icded, and paid, by virtue of the A€t% of that Parliament,
made every one that was concerned in it highly criminal : This
he fpoke with much zeal, and fuch an afcendant of Authority,
that none was prepared to anfwer it ; So the Bill palTed with-
" out any more oppofltion. This was a great fervice, done in a
very critical time, . and contributed not a little to raife Somersh
charader.

The Speaker of the Houfe of Commons, Sir John Trevor,
was a bold and dextrous man ; and knew the moft cffe<^ual
ways of recommending himfelf to every Government : He had
been in great favour in King James's time, and was made
Mafter of the Rolls by him ; And, if Lord jfefferies had ftuck
at any thing, he was looked on as the man, likelieft to have
had the Great Seal : He now got himfelf to be chofen Speaker,
and was made Firft Commiffioner of the Great Seal : Being a
Tory in principle, he undertook to manage that Party, provided
he was iurniihed with fuch fums of money, as might purchafe
fome Votes; And by him began the practice of buying off
men, in which hitherto the King had kept to ftrider rules.
I- took the liberty once to Complain to the King of this metlKxl;
He faid, he hated it as much as any man could do; But he
faw, it was not polTible, confidering the Corruption of the Age,
to avoid it, unlefs he would endanger the whole.
The Reve- ; , Xhc Houfe of Commons ga\'e the King the Cuftoms for five
yelrl"^" ""' years, which they faid made it a furer Fund, for borrowing
money upon, than if they had given it for Hfe : The one was
fubjedt tojaccidents, but the other was more certain. They alfo
cii . continued

of K. Wi L L I A M and % M A r y. 43

continued the other branches of the Revenue for the fame num- 1690
her of years. It was much prefled to have it fettled for Hfe ; '-^'^'^'''^^
But it was taken up as a general maxim, that a Revenue for a
certain and fhort term, was the beft fecurity that the Nation
could have for frequent Parliaments. The King did not hke
this ; He faid to my felf, why fhould they entertain a jealouly
of him, who came to fave their Religion and Liberties ; when
they trufted King James fo much, who intended to deftroy
both ? I anfwered, they were not jealous of him, but of thofe
who might fucceed him ; And if he would accept of the Gift
for a term of years, and fetdc the Precedent, he would be rec-
koned the Deliverer of fucceeding Ages, as well as of the pre-
Jent ; And, it was certain, that King y antes would never have
run into thoie Counfels that ruined him, if he had obtained
•the Revenue only for a fhort term ; which probably would
have been done, if Argyle\ and Monmouth\ Invafions had not
fo over-awed the Houfe, that it would then have looked like
being in a Confpiracy with them, to have oppofed the King's
demand : I faw the King was not pleafed, tho' he was per-
fuaded to accept of the Grant, thus made him. The Commons
granted a Poll Bill, with fome other Supplies, which they thought
would anfwer all the occafions of that year : But as, what they
gave, did not quite come up to what was demanded j So when
the Supply was raifed, it came far fhort of what they eftimated
it at. So that there were great Deficiencies to be taken care of,
in every SefTion of ParHament : which run up every year, and
made a great noife, as if the Nation was, thro' mifmanagement,
running into a great Arrear. An Ad: pafled in this Seilion,
putting the Adminiftration in the Queen, during the King's ab-
fence out of the Kingdom ; but with this Provifo, that the
Orders which the King fent fliould always take place. In all
this Debate, the Queen feemed to take no notice of the matter,
nor of tkofe who had appeared for it, or againft it : The Houfe ,

of Commons, to the great grief of the Whigs, made an Ad-
drefs to the King, thanking him for the Alterations he had
made in the Lieutenancy of London.

But the greateft Debate in this SefTion, was concerning an Debates for
Abjuration of King James ; fome of the Tories were at firft for an Abjura-
it, as were all the Whigs : The Clergy were excepted out of y°^°^^^°8
it, to foften the oppofition that might be made ; But ftill the
main body of the Tories declared, they would never take any
fuch Oath ; So they oppofed every flep that was made in it,
with a great copioufnefs of long and vehement arguing : They
infilled much on this ; that when the Government was fettled,

Oaths

44 ^^^ History of the Reign

1690 Oaths were made to be the Ties of the Subjed to it, and thdt
^^^^^""^/""^ all new Impofitions were a Breach made on That, which might
be called the Original Contrail of the prefent Settlement : Things
of that kind ought to be fixed and certain, and not mutable
and endlefs ; By the fame reafon, that the Abjuration was now
propofed, another Oath might be prepared every year ; and
every Party, that prevailed in Parhament, would bring in fomc
difcriminating Oath or Teft, fuch as could only be taken by
thofe of their own fide ; And thus the largenefs and equality
of Government would be loft, and contracted into a Fadion.
On the other fide it was faid, that this was only intended to be
a fecurity to the Government, during the War ; For, in fuch a
time it feemed necefl'ary, that all who were employed by the
Government, fhould give it all pofllble fecurity : It was appa-
rent, that the comprehenfive Words in the Oaths of Allegiance
had given occafion to much equivocation ; Many who had ta-
ken them having declared, which fome had done in print, that
they confidered themfelves as bound by the Oaths, only while
the King continued in peaceable pofleflion ; but not to affift
or fupport his Title, if it was attacked or fhaken ; It was
therefore neceflary, that men in publick Trufts fhould be
brought under ftriCler Ties. The Abjuration was debated in
both Houfes, at the fame time ; I concurred with thofe that
were for it. The Whigs preffed the King to fet it forward ;
They faid, every one who took it, would look on himfelf as
impardonable, and fo would ferve him with the more Zeal
and Fidelity ; whereas thofe, that thought the Right to the
Crown was ftill in King James, might perhaps ferve faithfully
as long as the Government ftood firm ; but, as they kept ftill
meafures with the other fide, to whom they knew they would
be always welcome, fo they would never adi with that life and
zeal, which the prefent ftate of affairs required. At tlie fame
time, the Tories were as earneft in prefiing the Kin^ to ftop
the further progrefs of thofe Debates : Much time was already
loft in them ; And it was evident, that much more muft be
loft, if it was intended to carry it on, fince fo many branches
of this Bill, and incidents that arofe upon the fubjedl of it,
would give occafion to much heat and wrangling : And it
was a doubt, whether it would be carried, after all the time
that muft be beftowed on it, or not : Thofe who oppoled it
would grow fullen, and oppofe every thing elfe that was mov-
ed for the King's fervice : And, if it fhould be carried, it
would put the King again into the hands of the Whigs,
who would immediately return to their old pradices, againft

the

ofK. W I L LI A M and % M a1 y. ^ j-

ithc Prerogative ; And it would drive many into Kingy^^/z^xs 1690
Party» who might otherwife flick firm to the King, or at leaft '-'<'''''^^*'^
]be Neui^ls : Thefe reafons prevailed with the King, to order
an Intimation to be given in the Houfe of Commons, that he
fleiired tliey would let that Debate fall, and go to otlier mat-
ters, that were more preiling. ' liiii ;[;ni>i lo jirjni -^nuvA
This gave a new difguft to tlie Whigs, but was very acx^ep^
table to tlie Tories ; And it quickned the advances of Money
upon the Funds jJiat were given : It had indeed a very ill effect
abroad; For b^pth friends and enemies looked on it, as a fign
of ,*v great decline in the King's Intereft with his people : And
the' King's interpoling, to ftop further Debates in the matter,
was« reprefented, as an artifice only to fave the affront of its be-
ins reiedted. The Earl of Shrewsbury was at the head of thofe
who prefied the Abjuration moft ; So, upon this change 0^ J^T^Sary
Colinfels, he thought, he could not ferve the King longer with lett the
reputcvUon or.fuccefs: He faw the Whigs, by ufing the King
jflfriwere driving (him into the Tories ; and he thought, thefe
woyld lerve the.Kifig with more zeal, if he left his Poft. The
credit, that the Marquifs of Cacrmarthen had gained, was not
eafy to him : So he refolved to deliver up the Seals.' I was
the firfl Perfon, to whom he difcovered this ; And he had them
in his hands, when he told'meof it; Yet I prevailed with him *Y;"-,^^, ^
not to go that night; He was in' fome heat. I had no mind,
th^f: tlie King (Kould be furprifed, by a thing of that kind;
piid I was afraid, that the Earl of Shrewsbury might have
faid fuch things to Him, as fhould have provoked him too
much ; So I fent the King word of it. It troubled him more
thaUj I thought, a thing of that fort could have done ; He lov-
ed the Earl of Shrewsbury ; And apprehended, that his leaving
his fervice at this time, might alienate the Whigs more entirely
from him ; For now they, who thought him before of too cold
a Temper, when they faw how firm he was^ came to confider
and truft him more than ever. The King fent Tillotfon^ and
all thofe, who had moft credit with the Earl, to divert him
from his Refolution : But all was to no purpofe. The agitation
of rnind, that this gave him, threw him into a Fever, which al*-
moft coft him his life. The King prefied him to keep the
Seals, till his return from Ireland^ tho' he fhould not aft as
Secretary ; But he could not be prevailed on. The Debate,
for the Abjuration, lafted longer in the Houfe of Lords ; it had
fome Variation, from that which was propofed in the Houfe of
Commons : and was properly an Oath of a fpecial FideHty to the
King, in oppofition to King James : The Tories ofiered, in Bar to
1 Vol. II. N this,

V

46 ^The History of t&e Reign ^

1 6go this, a Negative Engagement, againft afTifting King James, or
W^'V"'^ any of his Inftruments, knowing them to be fuch, with fe~
vere Penalties on fuch as fhould refufe it. In oppofition to this,
it was faid, this was only an expedient to fecure all King
James\ Party, whatever fhould happen ; fince it left them the
entire merit of being ftill in his Interefts, and only reftrained
them from putting any thing to hazard for him. The Houfe
was fo near an equality, in every Divifion, that what was gained
in one Day, was loft in the next ; And by the heat and length
of thofe Debates, the Seflion continued till yum. A Bill,
projeded by the Tories, paiTcd, relating to the City of Lendort^
which was intended, to change the hands that then governed it ;
But thro' the hafte or weaknefs of thofe who drew it, the Court
of Aldermen was not comprehended in it ; So, by this Ad:, the
'^' Government of the City was fixed in their hands: And they were

I generally Whigs. Many difcoveries were made of the practices
• '■ from St. Germains and Ireland; But few were taken up upon
them : And thofe were too inconfiderable, to know more than,
that many were provided with Arms and Ammunition, and
that a method was projected, for bringing men together upon a
call. And indeed things feemed to be in a very ill difpofition,
towards a fatal Turn.
The King's The King was making all pofTible hafte to open the Cam-
fairs!° paign, as foon as things could be ready for it, in /r^Az^a^ •• The
day before he fet out, he called me into his Clofet ; He feemed
to have a great weight upon his fpirits, from the ftate of his
affairs, which was then very cloudy : He faid, for his own
part, he trufted in God, and would either go thro' with his
bufinefs, or perifti in it ; He only pitied the poor Queen, re-
peating that twice with great tendernefs, and wifhed, that thofe
who loved him, would wait much on her, and aftlft her :
He lamented much the fadions and the heats that were among
us, and that the Bifhops and Clergy, inftead of allaying them,
did rather foment and inflame them : But he was pleafed to
make an exception of my felf : He faid, the going to a Cam-
paign was naturally no unpleafant thing to him : He was fure,
he underftood that better, than how to govern England : He
added, that, tho' he had no doubt nor miftruft of the caufe
he went on, yet the going againft King James, in perfon, was
hard upon him, fince it would be a vaft trouble both to him-
felf and to the Queen, if he fhould be either killed or taken
Prifoner : He defired my Prayers, and difmiffed me, very deep-
ly affeded wdth all he had faid.
03 le.'i r'a (borjrlc i ■. oi\\«\^giii^l.oJ

of K.yV\hi.ikViand ^Marv. -. ^y

1 had a particular occafion to know, how tender he was of 1 690
King James's perfon, having learnt an inftance of it from the ThTiS*^
firft hand : A propofition was made to the King, that a third tcndcmcft
Rate Ship, well mann'd by a faithful Crew, and commanded y'^,'"?
by One, who had been well with King Jamesy but was fuch P'^on*
a one as the King might truft, fhould fail to Dubliriy and de- )

clare for King James. The perfon, who told me this, offered
to be the man, that fhould carry the meflage to King Jamesy
(for he was well known to him) to invite him to come on
Board, which he feemed to be fure he would accept of ; and,
when he was aboard, they fhould fail away with him, and land
him either in Spain or Italy, as the King fhould defire ; and
fhould have twenty thou (and Pounds to give him, when he
fhould be fet afhore : The King thought it was a well formed
defign, and likely enough to fuccecd ; But would not hearken
to it : He faid he would have no hand in Treachery : And
King James would certainly carry fome of his Guards, and of
his Court aboard with him : And probably they would make
fome oppofition ; And in the ftruggle, fome accident might
happen to King James's Perfon j In which he would have no
hand. I acquainted the Queen with this ; And I faw in her
a great tcndernefs for her Father's Perfon ; And fhe was much
touched with the anfwer the King had made.

He had a quick pafTage to Ireland^ where matters had been The King
kept, in tlie flate they were in, all this Winter ; Charlemont was jleiani,
reduced, which was the only place in Ulfter, that was then left
-, in King James\ hands. The King had a great Army; There
were about 36,000 men, all in good plight, full of heart and
zeal ; He loft no time, but advanced in fix days from Belfajiy
where he landed, to the River of Boyne, near Drogheda. King
James had abandoned the PafTes, between Newry and Dundalk^
which are fo flrait for fome miles, that it had been eafy to have
difputed every inch of ground ^ King James and his Court
were fo much lifted up, with the news of the Debates in Parlia-
ment, and of the diflradions of the City of London, that they
flattered themfelves with falfe hopes, that the King durft not
leave England, nor venture over to Ireland : He had been fix
days come, before King James knew any thing of it. . Upon
that, he immediately pafTed the Boyne, and lay on the South
fide of it. His Army confifted of 26,000 men ; His Horfe
were good ; And he had 5000 French Foot, for whom he had
fent over, in exchange, 5000 Irijh Foot. He held fome Coun-
cils of War, to confider what was fit to be done ; whether he
fhould make a fland tliere, and put all to the decif\on of a

Battle,

r^S .The l^isToviY of the ReJgrT

^i^^f^ ''Battle, or if he fhould march ofF, and abandon that River,
t'^^'^^"'^*-' and by confequence all the Country on to Dublin.
Advices ,, ^-{fiA.ll his. Officers, hoth. French and Iripj who difagreed al-
King '" moil in all their advices, yet agreed in tliis, that, tho' they had
7^mS' . .there a very advantageous Pofl; to maintain, yet their Army be-
ing fb much inferior, both in number, and in every thing elfe,
they would put too much to hazard, if they fhould venture
on a Battle. They therefore propofed the ftrengthning their
Garrifons, and marching off to the Shannon with the Horfe,
and a fmall body of Foot, till they fhould fee how matters
went at Sea: For the French King had fent them affurances,
that he would, not only fet out a great Fleet, but that, as foon
as the Squadron that lay in the IriJJj Seas, to guard the Tranf-
port Fleet, and to fecure the King's paffage over, fhould fail
into the Channel, to join our Grand Fleet, he would then
ifend into the Irijh Seas a Fleet of fmall Fregats and Privateers,
Ito deftroy the King's Tranfports. This would have been fatal,
• if it had taken effe<3: ; And the executing of it feemed eafy
and certain. It would have fhut up the King within Ireland,
till a new Tranfport Fleet could have been brought thither,
which would have been the work of fbme months : So that
.Engla7jd might have been loft, before he could have pafled
the Seas with, his Army, And the deftru6lion of his Tranfports
^..iv-; r, : jmuft have ruined his Army : For his Stores, both o^ Bread and
^^,''^ "Ammunition, were ftill on Board ; and they failed along the
Coaft, as he advanced on his march : Nor was there, in all that
rCoaft, a fafe Port to cover and fecure them. The King indeed ^
ireckoned, that by the time the Squadron, which lay in the IriJh
,Seas, fhould be able to join the reft of the Fleet, they would
■have advanced, as far as the Chops of the Channel, where they
.would guard both England and Ireland : But things went far
otherwife.
The Queen The Queen was now in the Adminiftration. It was a new
miniflradon. fcene to her; She had, for above Hxteen months, made fo lit-
tle figure in Bufinefs, that thofe, who imagined, that every
jWoman of fenfe loved to be meddling, concluded that flie had
a fmall proportion of it, becaufe fhe lived fo abitraded from all
jAfTairs. Her behaviour was indeed very exemplary ; She was
jexadly regular, both in her private and publick devotions : She
•Was much in her clofet, and read a great deal ; She was of-
ten bufy at work, and feemed to employ her time and thoughts,
in any thing, rather than matters of State ; Her converfation
was lively and obliging ; Every thing in her was eafy and
natural J She was fingular in great Charities, .to the Poor; of
«3ljJ£ti whom

of K. WihhiKuand .^Mary. 49

whom, as there are always great numbers about Courts, fo the 1690
crouds of Perfons of QiiaHty, that had fled over from Ireland, .x^^'V'^^
drew from her Hberal SuppUes : All this was nothing to the Pub-
lick. If the King talked with her of Affairs, it was in fo pri- ^
vate a way, that few feemed to believe it ; The Earl of Shrews-
bury told me, that the King had, upon many Occafions, faid to
him, that tho' he could not hit on the right way of pleafing
England, he was confident fhe would ; and that we fhould all be
very happy under her. The King named a Cabinet Council of
eight Perfons, on whofe Advice (he was chiefly to rely ; foiir of
them were Tories, and four were Whigs : Yet the Marquifs of
Caermarthen and the Earl of Nottingham, being of the firfl: fort,
who took moft: upon them, and feemed to have the greatefl:
credit, the Whigs were not fatisfied with the Nomination. The
Queen balanced all things, with an extraordinary Temper ; and
became univerfally beloved and admired by all about her.

Our concerns at Sea were then the chief thing to be looked to : Affairs at
An unhappy Complement, of fending a Fleet to convoy a Queen ^"*
to Spain, proved almofl: fatal to us. They were fo long delay'd
by contrary Winds, that a defign of blocking up Toulon, was
lofl: by it. The great Ships, that lay there, had got out before
our Fleet could reach the place. Our Squadron returned back,
and went into Plymouth to refit there : and it was joined by that,
which came from the Irijh Seas. Thefe two Squadrons confift:ed
of above thirty Ships of the line : The Earl of Torrington, that
had the chief command, was a man of pleafure, and did not
make the hafl:e that was necefliary, to go about and join them :
Nor did the Dutch Fleet come over fo foon as was promifed : So
that our main Fleet lay long at Spithead. The French under-
flood, that our Fleets lay thus divided, and faw the advantage
of getting between them : So they came into the Channel, with
fo fair a Wind, that they were near the Ifle of Wight, before
our Fleet had any advice, of their being within the Channel.
The Earl of Torrington had no advice Boats out to bring him
News ; And tho' notice thereof was fent pofl: over Land, as
foon as the French came within the Channel, yet their Fleet failed
as faft, as the Pofl: could ride : But then the Wind turned upon
tliem ; otherwife they would, in all probabiHty, have furprifed us.
But after this firft advantage, the Winds were always contrary to
them, and favourable to us. So that the French Officers in Ire-
land, had reafon to look for that Fleet of fmaller VeflTels, which
was promifed to be fent, to defl:roy the King's Tranfport Ships.^
And for thefe reafons, all King James\ Officers were againfl:
bringing the War, to fo fpeedy a decifion. ^

Vol. II. O In

ed the King.

jo 7>&^ History of the Reigrr

1690 In oppofition to all their Opinions, King James himfelf was
u?^~v'*''5>j pofitive, that they muft flay and defend the Boyne : If they
marched off and abandoned Dublin^ they would fo lofe their,
reputation, that the people would leave them, and capitulate |-
It would alfo difpirit all their Friends in Englaiid : Therefore he
refolved to maintain the Poft he was in, and feemed not a little
pleafed to think, that he fhould have one fair Battle for his
Crown. He fpoke of this with fo much feeming pleafure, that
many about him apprehended, that he was weary of the flrug-
gle, and even of Life, and longed to fee an end of it at any
rate : and they were afraid that he would play the Heroe a little
too much. He had all the advantages he could defire : The
River was deep, and rofe very high with the Tide : There was a
Morafs to be pafs'd, after the pafHng the River, and then a ri-
ling ground.
A Cannon ^^1 the kft of yum^ the King came to the Banks of the Ri-
Baii^wound- ygj. . ^^d as he was riding along, and making a long ftop in one
place, to obfervc the Grounds, the Enemy did not lofe their
opportunity, but brought down two pieces of Cannon : And j
with the firft firing, a Ball pafied along the King's Shoulder, tore
off fome of his Cloaths, and about a hand-breadth of the Skin,
out of which about a fpoonful of Blood came. And that was
all the harm it did him. It cannot be imagined, how much terror
this ftruck into all, that were about him: He himfelf faid, it was
nothing : Yet he was prevailed on to alight, till it was waflied,
and a plaifter put upon it, and immediately he mounted his
Horfe again, and rode about all the Pofts of his Army : It was
indeed neceffary to fliew himfelf every where, to take off" the
apprehenfions, with which fuch an unufual accident filled his
Soldiers. He continued that day, nineteen hours on horfe-
back : But upon his fir ft alighting from his horfe, a Deferter had
gone over to the Enemy with the news, which was carried quickly
into France^ where it was taken for granted, that he could not
out-live fuch a Wound : So it ran over that Kingdom, that he
was dead. And upon it, there were more publick rejoicings,
than had been ufual upon their greateft Vidories : Which gave
that Court afterwards a vaft Confufion, when they knew that
he was ftill alive ; and faw, that they had raifed, in their own
people, a high opinion of him, by this inhumane joy, when
djqy believed him dead.

r. But, to return to the adion oiihe Boyne: The King fent a
great body of Cavalry, to pafs the R.iver higher, while he refolv-
ed to pafs it in the face of the Enemy : And the Duke of
Schomberg was to pafs it in a third place^ .% Uttle below him. I

will

of if. Wi L L I A Mand ^ Mar y* j i

'^vill not enter into the particulars of tJiat day's a6tion, but leave 1690
that to Military men. u?'v^'5>j

It was a compleat Victory : And thofe, who were the leaft difpof- The Bittie
ed.to Flattery, faid, it was almoft wholly due to the King's Courage \oyn«.
and Condu£l. And, tho' he was a little flirt by reafon of his Wound,
yet he was forced to quit his Horfc in the Morafs, and to gg
through it on foot : But he came up in time, to ride almoft: into
every body of his Army : He charged in many diilerent places ;
And nothing flood before him. The Iriflj Horfe made fomc
reliftance, but the Foot threw down their Arms, and ran away.
The moft amazing Circumfl:ance was, that King James fl:aid all
tlie while with his Guards, at a fafe difl:ance, and never came
into the places of Danger or of Adion. But, when he law his
Army was every where giving ground, was the firfl: that ran
for it, and reached D-uhlin^ before the adion was quite over;
for it was dark before the King forfook the purfuit of the Irip.
His Horfe and Dragoons were fo weary, with the fatigue of a
long adlion, in a hot day, that they could not purfue far : nor
was their Camp furnifhed with neceflary refrefhments, till next
morning ; for the King had marched faft:er, than the waggons
could poffibly follow. The Army of the Iriflj was fo entirely
forfaken by their Officers, that the King thought they would
have difperfed themfelves, and fubmitted ; and that the fol-
lowing them would have been a mere butchery, which was a
thing he had always abhorred. The only allay to this Vidtory
was the lofs of the Duke of Schomberg : He paffed the River in
his Station, and was driving the Iri^ before him, when a party
of defperate men fet upon him, as he was riding very carelefly,
with a fmall number about him. They charged, and in the dis-
order of that Adion he was (hot : But it could not be known by
whom ; for moft of all the Party was cut off. Thus that great
man, like another Epaminondas^ fell on the day, on wliich his
fide triumphed.

King James came to Dublin^ under a very indecent Confter-
nation ; He faid, all was loft ; He had an Army in England^ that
could have fought, but would not : and now he had an Army,
that would have fought, but could not. This was not very
gratefully, nor decently fpoken by him, who was among the
firft that fled. Next morning he left Dublin \ He faid, too
much Blood had been already ftied ; It feemed, God was with
their Enemies ; The Prince of Orange was a merciful Man ; So
he ordered thofe, he left behind him, to fet the Prifoners at li-
berty, and to fubmit to the Prince : He rode that day from
Dublin to Duncannon Fort : But, tho' the place was confldera-

bly.

yi The Yiis TORY of the Reign

1690 bly ftrong, he would not truft to that, but lay aboard 2i French
t^-^y^'^isJ Ship, that anchored there, and had been provided, by his owii
fpecial directions to Sir Patrick Trant. His Courage funk with
his Affairs, to a degree, that amazed thofe, who had known the
former Parts of his Life. The Irijh Army was forfaken by
their Officers for two days : If there had been a hot purfuit, it
would have put an end to the War of Ireland : But the King
thought his firft care ought to be to fecure Dublin : And King
yames\ Officer's, as they abandoned it, went back to the Army,
only in hopes of a good Capitulation. Dublin was thus forfak-
en ; and no harm done, which was much apprehended : But
the fear the 7r//^ were in was fuch, that they durft not venture
on any thing, which muft have drawn fevere revenges after it.
So the Proteftants there, being now the Mafters, they declared
for the King. Drogheda did alfo Capitulate.
The Battle ^ut, to balance this great fuccefs, the King had, the very
of Berus. ^ay after the Battle at the Boyne^ the news of a Battle fought in
Flanders^ between Prince Waldeck and the Marfhal Luxem-
bourg^ in which the former was defeated. The Cavalry did at
the firft charge run, but the Foot made an amazing ftand.
The French had the honour of a Victory, and took many Pri-
foners, with the Artillery : Yet the ftand the Infantry made was
fuch, that they loft more than they got by the day : Nor were
they able to draw any advantage from it. This was the Battle of
Flerus, that, in the Confequence of it, proved the means of pre-
ferving England.
An Engage- On the day before the Battle of the Boyne^ the two Fleets
ment at ea, ^^^^^ ^^ ^ great Engagement at Sea. The Squadron, that lay at
Plymouth, could not come up to join the great Fleet, the Wind
being contrary ; So it was under debate, what was fitteft to be
done : The Earl of Torrington thought he was not ftrong e-
nough, and advifed his coming in, till fome more Ships, that
were fitting out, fhould be ready : Some began to call his cou-
rage in queftion, and imputed this to fear ; They thought, this
would too much exalt our Enemies, and difcourage our Al-
lies, if we left the French to triumph at Sea, and to be the maf-
ters of our Coaft and Trade ; For our Merchants richeft Ships
were coming home ; So that the leaving them, in fuch a fuperi-
ority, would be both very unbecoming, and very mifchievous to
us. The Queen ordered Rujfel to advife, both with the Navy
Board, and with all that underftood Sea affairs; And, upon a
view of the ftrength of both Fleets, they were of opinion, that
tho' the French were fuperior in Number, yet our Fleet was fo
equal in ftrength to them, that it was reafonable to fend orders

to

ofK. William and ^Mary. y 3

to our Admiral, to venture on an Engagement : Yet the Orders 1 690
were not fo politive, but that a great deal was left to a Council <-<5^/"'*»-'
of War. The two Fleets engaged near Beachy in Sujfex \ The
Dutch led the Van ; and, to fhew their courage, they advanced
too far out of the Line, and fought, in the beginning, with fome
advantage, the French plying before them ; And our Blue Squa-
dron engaged bravely : But the Earl of Torrington kept in his
Line, and continued to fight at a diftance : The French^ feeing
the Dutch came out fo far before the Line, fell on them furioufly,
both in front and flank, which the Earl of Torrington neglefted
for fome time ; And, when he endeavoured to come a httle
nearer, the calm was fuch, that he could not come up. The
Dutch fufFered much ; and their whole Fleet had perifhed, if
their Admiral, Calembourg, had not ordered them to drop their
Anchors, while their Sails were all up ; This was not obferved
by the French : So they were carried by the Tide, while the
others lay ftill ; And thus in a few minutes the Dutch were out
of danger. They loft many men, and funk fome of their Ships,
which had fufFered the moft, that they might not fall into die
Enemies hands. It was now neceflary to order the Fleet to come
in, with all pofTible hafte ; Both the Dutch and the Blue Squar-
dron complained much of the Earl of Torrington \ And it was
a general opinion, that if the whole Fleet had come up to a
clofe Fight, we muft have beat the French : And, confidcring
how far they were from BreJ}, and that our Squadron at Ply-
mouth lay between them and home, a Vidory might have had
great confequences. Our Fleet was now in a bad condition, and
broken into fadlions ; And if the French had not loft the night's
Tide, but had followed us clofe, they might have deftroyed ma-
ny of our Ships : Both the Admirals were almoft equally blam-
ed ; Ours for not fighting, and the French for not purfuing his
Vidory.

- Our Fleet came in fafe ; And all pofllble diligence was ufed The Fre»cfl
in refitting it : The Earl of Torriitgton was fent to the Tower, the Sea.
and Three of our beft Sea Officers had the joint command of
the Fleet ; But it was a Month before they could fet out ; And,
in all that time, the Fre7ich were mafters of the Sea, and our Coafts
were open to them. If they had followed the firft confterna-
tion, and had fallen to the burning our Sea Towns, they might
have done us much mifchief, and put our affairs in great difor-
der ; for we had not above feven thoufand men then in Fng-
land. The Militia was raifed, and fufpeded perfons were put
in prifon : In this melancholy conjundure, tho' the Harveft drew
on, fo that it was not convenient for people, to be long abfent
Vol. II. P from

j4 ^" ^^ History of the Reign

1 690 from their labour, yet the Nation exprefled more zeal and af-
\^'<r\'~''^ fedion to the Government, than was expected ; And the yaco-
bites, all England over, kept out of the way, and were afraid of
being fallen upon by the Rabble. We had no great lofTes at Sea :
fof mofl of our Merchant- men came iafe into Plymouth: The
French flood over, for fome time, to their own Coaft ; And we
had many falfe alarms of their Ihipping Troops, in order to a
Defcent. But they had fuffered fo much, in the Battle at Flerus'^
and the Dutch ufed fuch diligence, in putting their Army in a
condition to take the Field again, and the Eledor of Branden-
burgh, bringing his Troops to ad in conjundion with theirs, gave
the Frefich fo much work, that they were forced, for all theirr
Vidlory, to lie upon the defenlive, and were not able to fpare
fo many men, as were neceffary for an Invafion. The Dutch did
indeed fend politive orders to Prince Waldeck, not to hazard
another Engagement, till the Fleet fhould be again at Sea : Thisi
reftrained the Eledlor, who, in conjundlion with the Dufch^ was
much fuperior to Luxembourg : And afterwards, when the Dutch
fuperfeded thofe Orders, the Eledor did not think fit to hazard his
Army. Such is the fate of Confederate Armies, when they are
under a different diredion ; that when the one is willing, or at
leaft feems ta be fo, the other ftands off. The French riding
fo long, fo quietly in our Seas, was far from what might
have been expeded, after fuch an advantage : We underflood af-
terwards, that they were flill waiting, when the Jacobites fhould,,
according to their promifes, have begun a Rifing in England ;
But they cxcufed their failing in that, becaufe their Leaders were
generally clapp'd up.

That Party began to boaft, all England over, that it was vi-
fible the French meant no harm to the Nation ; but only to
bring back King James. ; fince now, tho' our Coafls lay open
to them, they did us no harm. And this might have made
fome impreffion, if the French had not effedually refuted it^
Their Fleet lay for fome days in Ihrbay ; Their Equipages were
vveakned ; And by a veffel, that carried a Pacquet from "Tour-
ville, to the Court of France, which was taken, it appeared, that
they were then in fo bad a condition, that if our Fleet (whick
upon this was haftened out aU that was poflible) could have over-
taken them, we fhould. have got a great Vidory very cheap.
But before they failed, they made a Defcent on a miferable Vil-
lage, called 7'mmouthy that happen'd- to belong to a Papifl ;
They burnt it, and a few Fi(her-Boats that belonged to it , But
the Inhabitants got away ; and, as a Body of Militia was march-
ing thither, the French made great hafle back to their Ships t

The

^iT. William ^W % Mary, jy

The French publifhcd this in their Gazettes, with much pomp, 1 690
as if it had been a great Trading Town, that had many Ships, v^^^v^*>J
with fome Men of War in Port : This both rendered them ridi-
culous, and fervcd to raife the hatred of the Nation againft
them ; for every Town, on the Coaft, faw what they muft expcd:,
if the French fliould prevail.

In all this time of lear and difordcr, the Queen fhewed an TheQucen*«
extraordinary firmnefs ; For tho' flie was full of difmal thoughts, u!,on*,hii^
yet fhe put on her ordinary cheerfulnefs, when fhc appeared in occafion.
publick, and fhewed no indecent concern : I faw her all that
while once a week ; For I ftaid that Summer at Wind/or ; Her
behaviour was, in all refpeds, heroical : She apprehended the
greatnefs of our danger j But fhe committed herfelf to God ;
And was refolved to expofe herfelf, if occafion fhould require it ;
For fhe told me, fhe would give me leave to wait on her, if fhc
was forced to make a Campaign in England^ while the King was
in Ireland,

Whilft the misfortunes in Flanders^ and at Sea, were putting The King
us in no fmall agitation, the news firft of the King's prefervation ^^^^/^
from the Cannon ball, and then of the Vidlory, gained the day
after, put another face on our Affairs: The Earl ol Nottingham
told me, that when he carried the news to the Queen, and ac-
quainted her in a few words, that the King was well ; that he
had gained an entire Vidlory ; and that the late King had e-
fcaped ; he obferved her Looks, and found that the laft Article
made her joy compieat, which feemed in fome fufpence, till fhe
underflood that. The Queen and Council, upon this, fent to the
King, prefTmg him to come over with all pofTible hafle ; fmce,
as Eftgland was of more importance, fo the flate of Affairs re-
quired his Prefence here : For it was hoped, the Reduction of
Ireland would be now eafily brought about. The King, as he
received the news of the Battle of Flerus^ the day after the Vic-
tory at the Boyney fo on the day, in which he entred Dublin, he
had the news of the misfortune at Sea, to temper the joy, that
his own Succefies might give him ; He had taken all the Earl
of 'Tyrconnel\ papers in the Camp ; And he found all King
Ja7nes\ papers, left behind him in Dublin : By thefe he under-
flood the defign, the French had of burning his Tranfport Fleet,
which was therefore firft to be taken care of; And fince the
French were now Maflers at Sea, he faw nothing that could
hinder the execution of that Defign.

Among the Earl of Tyrconnel\ papers, there was one Letter ^ j^gg^ ^^
writ to Qiieen Mary at St. Germains, the night before the Bat- affaffinate
tie ; But it was not fent. In it, he faid, he looked on all as loft; "'^'

And

J 6 The History of the Reign

1690 And ended it thus ; / have now no hope in any thing hut hi
'-^^'"v'^j Jones'j biifmefs. The Marquifs of Caermarthen told me, that
fome weeks before the King went to Ireland^ he had received
an advertifement, that one named Jones, an h'iJJj man, who
had ferved fo long in France and Holland, that he fpoke both
Languages well, was to be fent over to murder the King. And
^'ttttjCT-'-^ Sir Robert Southwell told me, that he, as Secretary of State for
Ireland, had looked into all TjrconneV^ papers, and the copies
■'^' of the Letters he wrote to Queen Mary, which he had ftill in
his pofTeflion : And he gave me the Copies of two of them.
In one of thefe he writes, that "Jones was come ; that his "]^ropo-
iition was more probable, and likcr to fucceed, than any yet
made ; His demands were high ; but he added, if any thing
can he high for fuch a fervice. In another he writes, that
Jones had been with the King, who did not like the thing at
firft ; But he added, we have now fo fatisfied him both in
Confcience and Honour, that every thing is done that Jones ^
I. deiires. Southwell further told me, that Deagle, the Attorney-

General, had furnifhed him with money, and a Poignard of a
particular compofition ; and that they fought long for a Bible,
bound without a Common Prayer Book, which he was to carry
in his pocket, that (o he might pafs, if feized on, for a DifTen-
fisi". ^' Some perfons of great quality waited on him to the Boat,
that was to carry him over : He was for fome time delayed in
Dublin ; and the King had paffed over to Ireland, before he
could reach him ; We could never hear of him more ; So it is
likely he went away with his money. A paper was drawn of all
this matter, and defigned to be publifhed ; But, upon fecond
thoughts, the King and Queen had that tendernefs for King
James, that they ftopp'd the publifhing to the world fo fhame-
ful a practice. The King faid, upon this, to my fclf, that God
had preferved him out of many dangers, and he trufted he
would flill preferve him ; He was fure he was not capable of
retaliating in that way. The efcape of a Cannon Ball, that
touched him, was fo fignal, that it fwallowed up lefler ones :
Yet, in the Battle at the Boyne, a Musket Ball ftruck the Heel of
his Boot, and recoiling, killed a H^orfe near him ; And one of
his own men, miftaking him for an Enemy, came up to fhoot
him : but he gently put by his piftol, and only faid, Do not
you know your friends f

At Dublin he publifhed a Proclamation of Grace, offering,
to all the inferior fort of the /r//^, their Lives and perfonai
Eftates, referving the conlideration of the real Eftates of the bet-
ter fort to a Parliament, and indemnifying them only for their
*■ Lives:

^^ William and. ^Maay^ |7

Lives : It was hoped, that the fulnefs of the pardon of the Com- 1 690
mons might have feparated them from the Gentry ; and that, by u-^v^*^
tJiis means, tliey would be fo forfaken, that they would accept of
fuch terms, as ihould be ofierfed them. I'he King had intended
to have made the Pardon more comprchenfive ; hoping, by that,
to bring the War foon to an end : But the Englijh in Ireland
op|X)fed this. They thought the prefcnt opportunity was not to
be let go, of breaking the great IriJJj Families, upon whom the
inferior fort would always depend. And, in compUance with
tJicm, the Indemnity, now offered, was fo limited, that it had no
effect : For the Priefts, who governed the Irifi with a very blind
and abfolute authority, prevailed with them to try their fortunes
ftill* The news of the Vidory, the French had at Sea^ was io
magnified among them^ that they made the people believe, that
they would make fuch a Defcent upon England^ as muft oblige
the King to abandon Ireland. The King was prefled to purfue
the Irijh, who had retired to Athlone and Limerick^ and were
now joined by their Officers, and fo brought again into fome or-
der : But the main concern was, to put the Tranlport Fleet in a
fafe ftation. And that could not be had, till the King was mafter
of JVaterfordy and Duncannon Fort, which commanded the en-
trance into the River : Both thefe places capitulated ; and the
Transports were brought thither. But they were not now fo much
in danger, as the King had reafon to apprehend; for King ^^^v^j,
when he failed away from Duncannon^ was fqrcgd, by contrary
winds, to go into the Road of Kinfale, where he found fome French
Frigats, that were already come to burn our Fleet : He told them^;
it was now too late, all was loft in Ireland. So he carried them'
back, to convoy him over to France ; where he had but a cold
reception : For the mifcarriage of affairs in Ireland^ was imputed
both to his ill condud, and his want of courage. He fell under
much contempt of the people of France : Only that King conti-
nued ftill to behave himfelf decently towards him.

The King fent his Army towards the Shannon ; and he hirri-
felf came to Dublin^ intending, as he was advifed, to go over to
England ; But he found there Letters of another ftrain ; Things
were in fo good a pofture, and fo quiet in England^ that they
were no more in any apprehenfion of a Defcent : So the King
went back to his Army, and marched towards Litnerick. Upon
this Laufun, who commanded the French^ left the Town ; and
fent his equipage to France, which periftied in the Shannon. It
was hoped, that Limerick^ feeing it felf thus abandoned, would
have followed the example of other Towns, and have capitulated*
Upon that confidence, die King marched towards it, tho' his Ap-

VoL. n. Q my

J § < The 'RisroKY of the Reign

1690 my was now much diminiOicd ; He had left many Garrifons iil
^^'^'^""^^^"^ feveral places, and had fent fome of his beft Bodies over to
Zimerlck.^ England; So that he had not now above 20000 men together.
Limerick lies on both fides of the Shannon^ and on an Ifland, that
the River makes there : The Iripj were yet in great numbers in
Connaught \ fo that, unlefs they had been fhut up on that fide,
it was eafie to fend in a conftant fiipply both of men and provi-
fions : Nor did it ieem advifeable to undertake the Siege of a
place fo fituated, with fo fmall an Army, efpecially in that jfeafon,
in which it uled to rain long 5 and by that means, both the Shan-
non would fwell, and the ground, which was the beft foil of Ire-
land^ would be apt to become deep, and fcarce practicable for
carriages. Yet the cowardice of the Irijh^ the confternation they
were in, and their being abandoned by the French^ made the
King refolve to fit down before it. Their Out-works might have
been defended for fome time ; But they abandoned thele in fo
much diforder, that it was from hence beHeved, they would not
hold out long. They alfo abandoned the Pofts, which they had
on the other fide of the Shannon : Upon which, the King paft
the River, which was then very low, and viewed thofe Pofts; but
he had not men to maintain them : So he continued to preis the
Town on the Munjier fide.

He fent for fome more Ammunition, and fome great Guns ;
They had only a guard of two Troops of Horfo, to convoy them,
who defpifed the Irijh fo much, and thought they were at fuch dis-
tance, that they fet their Horfes to grafs, and went to bed. Sarf-
fields one of the beft Officers of the Irijh-i heard that the King
rode about very carelefly, and upon that, had got a fmall Body
of refolute men together, on defign to foize his perfon ; But now,
hearing of this Convoy, he refolved to cut it off: The King had
advertifement of this brought him in time, and ordered fome
more Troops to be fent, to fecure the Convoy : They, either
through Treachery or Carelefoefs, did not march till it was night,
tho' their Orders were for the morning ; But they came a few
hours too late. Sarsjield ftirprifed the Party, deftroyed the Am-
munition, broke the Carriages, and burft one of the Guns, and
fo marched off : Lanier, whom the King had fent with the
Party, might have overtaken him ; but the general obfervation
made of him (and of moft of thofe Officers, who had ferved King
yamesy and were now on the King's fide) was, that they had a
greater mind to make themfolves rich, by the continuance of the
War of Ireland, than their Matter great and lafe by the fpeedy
conclufion of it.

^ By

of K. William and % M a r y, y 9

By this, the King loft a Week, and his Ammunition was low; 1690
for a great Tupply, that was put on Ship Board in the River oi^(^^^^'^'^
Thames^ before the King left London^ ftill remaihed there, the
French being Mafters of the Channel. Yet the King prefled the
Town fo hard J that the Trenches were nm up to the Counter-
fcarp ; And wiicn they came to lodge there, the /r//& ran back
fo faft, , at a Breach that the Cannon had made, that a body of
the King's men rim in after them ; And if they had been fecon-
ded, the Town had been immediately taken ; But none came in
time, fo they retired : And tho' the King fent another body,
yet they were beaten back with lofs. As it now began to rain,
the King faw that, if he ftaid longer there, he muft leave his
great Artillery behind him : He went into the Trenches every
day ; And it was thought he expofed himfelf too much. His
Tent was pitched within the reach of their Cannon ; They fhot
often over it, and beat down a Tent very near it ; So he was pre-
vailed on, to let it be removed to a greater diftance : Once, upon
receiving a Packet from England., he fat down in the open Field
for fome hours, reading his Letters, while the Cannon Balls were
flying round about him. The IriJIj fired well ; and ftiewed,
they had fome courage, when they were behind Walls, how little
foever they had fhewn in the Field.

The King lay three Weeks before Limerick ; But at laft the The Siege
rains foi-ced him to raife the Siege : They vidthin did not offer r^^**^-
to fally out, and diforder the Retreat ; This laft a£lion proving
Unlucky, had much damped the joy, that was raifed by the firft
fuccefs of this Campaign* The King exprcfled a great equality
of temper, upon the various accidents that happened at this time.
Dr. Hutwt, his firft Phyfician, who took care to be always near
him, told me. He had obferved his Behaviour very narrowly,
upon two very different occafions.

The one was, after the return from the VicSlory at the Boyne ;

when it was almoft midnight, after he had been leventeen hours

in conftant fatigue, with all the ftiifnefs that his Wound gave

him : He expreffed neither joy, nor any fort of Vanity ; Only

he looked chearful ; And when thofe about him made fuch

Complements, as will be always made to Princes, even tho' they

do not deferve them, he put all that by, with fuch an unafleded

negledt, that it appeared how much foever he might deferve the

acknowledgments, that were made him, yet he did not like

them. And this was fo vifible to all about him, that they foon

faw, that the way to make their Court was, neither to talk of

his Wound, nor of his Behaviour on that day. As foon as he

faw his Phyfician, he ordered him to fee that care fhould be

I taken

6o ^Tl^e HtsroKY of the Reig^

1690 taken of tlie wounded men, and he named the Prifoners, as

u^^-v-=^j wrell as his own Soldiers. And tho' he had great reafon to be

offended with Hamilton^ who had been employed to treat with

the Earl of Tyrconnell^ and was taken prifoner in his fight, and

was prefefved by his order : yet fince he faw he was wounded,

he gave particular diredions to look after him. Upon the whole

matter, the King was as grave and filent as he ufed to be ; and

the joy of a day, that had been both fo happy and (o glorious to

him, did not feem to alter his temper or deportment in any way.

He told me, he was alfo near him, when it was refolvcd to

raife the Siege of Limerick ; and faw the fame calm, without

The cqua- ^j^g j^^^ deprefliou, difordcr, or peevifhnefs : From this he

King's tem- concludcd, that either his mind was fo happily balanced, that

^^'^' no accident could put it out of that fituation ; or that, if he had

commotions within, he had a very extraordinary command over

his temper, in reftraining or concealing them.

While he lay before Limerick., he had news from England.,
that our Fleet was now out, and that the French were gone to
][^;Jf ""^Breft : So, fince we were Mafters of the Sea, the Earl of Marl-
roiigb pro- borough propofed, that five thoufand men, who had lain idle all
\lvmgCork this Summer in England, fhould be fcnt to Ireland \ and with
^'^iP"/f^ the afiiftance of fuch men as the King fhould order to join
and effedsit. them, they fhould try to take Cork and Kinfale. The King ap-
proved of this ; And ordered the Earl to come over with them :
And he left orders for about five thoufand more, who. were to
join him. And fo he broke up this Campaign, and came over
to Briflol, and from thence to London. The contrary winds
ftopp'd the Earl of Marlborough fo, that it was OBober before
he got to Ireland. He foon took Cork by ftorm : And four
thoufand men, that lay there in Garrifon, were made prifoners
of War. In this adlion, the Duke of Grafton received a fhot, of
which he died in a few days ; He was the more lamented, as
being the perfon of all King Charles^ Children, of whom there
was the greateft hope : He was brave,, and probably would have
become a great man at Sea. From Cork, the Earl of Marlborough
marched to Kinfale, where he found the two Forts, that com-
manded the Port, to be fo much flronger, than the Plans had re-
prefented them to be, that he told me, if he had known their
true ftrength, he had never undertaken the expedition, in a fea-
fon fo far advanced ; yet in a few days the place capitulated.
The Irijh drew their forces together, but durft not venture on
raifing the Siege ; But to divert it, they fet the Country about,
which was the beft built of any in Ireland^ all in a flame.

' , Thus,

of IT. W iLLi AM aftd ^Mary. 6i'

Thus, thofe two important places were reduced in a very bad 1 690
feafon, and with very litde lofs ; which cut ofF die quick com- u?*^^'*!*^'
munication between France and Ireland. Count Laufun^ with TJ '^/7'"J
the French Troops, lay all this while about Gallway^ without at-
tempting any thing ; He fent over, to Francey an account of the
defperate ftate of their affairs, and defired Ships might be fent for
thcTranfport of their Forces : That was done ; yet the Ships came
not till the Siege oi Limerick was raifed : Probably, if the Court of
France had known, how much the ftate of affairs was altered,
they would have fent contrary orders : But Laufun was weary of
the fervice, and was glad to get out of it ; So he failed away,
without ftaying for new orders ; By which he loft the little repu-
tation, that he was beginning to recover at the Court of France,
The Earl of Tyrconnell went over with him, and gave full affu-
rances, that tho' the Irijh were like to fuffer great hardihips next
winter ; yet they would ftand it out, if they were ftill fupported
from France, It had appeared, upon many occafions, that the
French 2sA ^^ Irijh Soldiers did not agree well together : there-
fore he propofed, that no more Soldiers, but only a number of
good Officers, together with Arms, Ammunition, and Clothes,
might be fent over to them. In the mean while, the IriJh
formed themfelves into many bodies, which by a new name, were
called Rapparees : Thefe knowing all Ways, and the Hoggs, and o-
ther Places of Retreat in Ireland^ and being favoured by the
Irijhy that had fubmitted to the King, robbed and burnt Houfes
in many places of the Country ; while the King's Army ftudied
their own eale in their quarters, more than the Protection of
the Inhabitants : Many of them were fufpeded of robbing in
their turn, tho' the Rapparees carried the blame of all : Between
them, the poor Inhabitants had a lad time, and their ftock of
Catde and Corn was almoft quite deftroyed in many places.

From the Affairs of Ireland^ I turn next to give an account Affairs in
of what paffed in Scotland ; Matters went very happily, as to the "" '
military part : When the Remnants of the Earl of Dundee's Ar-
my (to whom many Officers, together with Ammunition and
Money, had been fent from Ireland) began to move towards
the Low Country^ to receive thole, who were refolved to join
with them, and were between two and three thoufand ftrong, they '

were fellen upon, and intirely defeated by a Dutch Officer Le-
vingjion, that commanded the Forces in Scotland : About an hun- •'>»i^

dred Officers were taken Prifoners : This broke all the meafures,
that had been taken for King yames\ Interefts in Scotland.
Upon this, thofe who had engaged in Montgomery^ Plot, looked

Vol. II. R, upon /?(

62 The History of the Reign

1690 upon that Defign as defperate ; yet they refolved to try what
^-<=''V^^ ftrength they could make in ParHament.

Lord Mehill carried down Powers, firft to ofFer to Duke Ha-
milton, if he would join in common meafures heartily with him,
to be Commiflloner in Parliament, or if he proved intractable,
as indeed he did, to ferve in that Poft himlclf. He had full In-
ftrudtions for the Settlement of Presbytery j For he aflured the
King, that without that, it would be impoflible to carry any
thing ; Only the King would not confeht to' the taking, away
the Rights of Patronage, and the Supremacy ti the Crown : Yet
he found thefe fo much infilled on, that he fcnt one to the King
to Ireland, for fuller inftru£tions in thofe Points 5 They were
enlarged, but in fuch general words, that the King did not un-
derftand, that his Inftrudions could warrant what Lord Mehill
did J for he gave them both up. And the King v/as fo offended
with him for it, that he loft all the credit he had with him j
tho' the King did not think fit to difown him, or to call hina
to an account, for going beyond his Inftruftions.
A Pariia- The Jacobitcs perfwaded all their Party to go to the Parha-
ment there. ^^^^^ ^ud to take the Oaths ; for many of the Nobility flood
off, and would not own the King, nor fwear to him : Great
Pains were taken by Paterfon^ one of their Archbifliops, to per-
fwade them to take the Oaths, but on defign to break them j
For he thought, by that means, they could have a majority in
Parliament ; tho' fome of the Laity were too honeft to agree
to fuch Advices ; but with aU thefe wicked arts, they were not
able to carry a majority. So other things failing, they few a
neceffity of defiring a Force to be lent over from France: This
appeared fo odious, and fo deftrudlive of their Country, that
fome of them refiifed to concur in it : Others were not pleafed
with the anfwers King J antes, had fent to the Propofitions, they
had made him. He had indeed granted aU that they had asked,
upon their own particular Interefts, and had promifed to fettle
Presbytery ; but he rejefted all thofe demands, that imported a
diminution of his Prerogative, in as firm a manner, as if he had
been already fet on the Throne again : They propofed, finding
his anfwer fo Httle to their fatisfadion, to fend him a fecond
meffage.
APiotdif- Upon this, the Earls o^ Argyle, Annandale, and Braidalhin,
covered. withdrew from them : Annandale came up to the Bath, pre-
tending his ill health : Both Lord Argyle and Braidalbin went
to Chejler, pretending, as they faid afterwards, that they intended
to difcover the whole matter to the King ; But he had pafled
over to Ireland, before they got to Chejler. Montgomery upon

this.

tf K. William and %Mary- oj

this, looked on the defign as broken ; And fo he went, ana i O90
reconciled himlelf to Mehill, and difcovered the whole Nego- <-<^'V>'J
tiation to him. Upon which, the Earl of Mehill prefied the
King to grant a general Indemnity, and gave Montgomery a Pais
to go to London ; And he wrote to the Queen in his Favour.
But the King was rcfolved to know the bottom of the Plot, and
particularly how far any of the Englijh were engaged in it ;
So Montgomery abfconded for fomc time in London, fincc he faw
no hopes of pardon, but upon a full difcovery. A Warrant was
fent to the Bath for the Earl of Annandale, of which he had
notice given him, and went up privately to L'ondon. Mont-
gomery fent Fergufon to him, alluring him, that he had difco-
vered nothing, and defiring him to continue firm and fecretj
But when he had certain notice, that Montgomery had difcovered
all the Negotiation among the Scotch, he caft hirhfelf on the
Queen's mercy, asking no other conditions, but that he might
not be made an evidence againft odiers. He himfelf had not
treated with any in England, fo, as to thcm^ he: was only a
fecond-hand Witnefs ; Only he informed againft Nevil Payney
who had been fent down to Scotland, to manage matters a-
mong them : He was taken there, but would confefs nothing ;
Upon die Earl of Annandale% information, which he gave upon
Oath, the Earl of Nottingham wrote to the Council of Scotland^
that he had in his hands a Depofition upon Oath, containing
Matter of High Treafon againft Payne 3 Upon which it was
pretended, that, according to the Law of Scotland, he might
be put to the torture j and that was executed with rigour :
He refifted a double queftion, yet was ftill kept a prifoner ;
And this was much cried out on, as barbarous and illegal. Mont'
gomery lay hid for fome months at London ; But when he faw
he tould not have his pardon, but by making a full difcovery,
he chofe rather to go beyond Sea : So fatally did Ambition and
Difcohtent hurry a Man to ruin, who feemed capable of greater
thingSi His art in managing fuch a defign, and his firmnefs
in not difcoVering his Accomplices, raifed his character, as much
as it ruined his fortune. He continued in perpetual Plots after
this, to no purpofe : He was once taken, but made his efcape ;
And at laft, Ipleen and vexation put an end to a turbulent
Hfe.

The Lord Mehill had now a clear majority in Parliament,
by the difcovery of the Plot ; fome abfented themfelves j and
others, to redeem themfelves, were compHant in all things : The
main point, by which Mehill defigned to fix himfelf, and his
party, was, the abolifhing of Epifcopacy, and the fetting up of

Pres*

64 The History of the Reign

i6go Presbytery. The one was foon done, by repealing all the la\va
t'<5''V"^5>J in favour of Epifcopacy, and declaring it contrary to the genius
and conflitution of that Church and Nation ; For the King
would not confent to a plain and fimple condemnation of it.
But it was not fo eafy to fettle Preabytery : If they had followed
the pattern, fet them in the Year 1638, all the Clergy, in a
parity, were to affumc the government of the Church ; but thofe
being Epifcopal, they did not think it fafe to put the power of
the Church in fucli hands ; Therefore it was pretended, that
fuch of the Presbyterian Minifters, as had been turned out in
the Year 1662, ought to be confidered, as the only found part
of the Church ; And of thefc there happened to be then three-
fcore alive : fo the government of die Church was lodged with
them ; And they were empowered, to take to their affiftance, and
to a (hare in the Church government, fuch as they fhould think
fit : Some furious men, who had gone into very frantick Prin-
ciples, and all thofe who had been fecretly ordained in the
Presbyterian way, were prefendy taken in : This was like to
prove a fatal error, at their firft fetting out ; The old men a-
mong them, what by reafon of their age, or their experience of
former miftakes, were difpofed to more moderate Counfels;
But the taking in fuch a number of violent men, put it out of
' their power to purfuc them ; So thefe broke out into a moft
extravagant way of proceeding againft fuch of the Epifcopal
party, as had efcaped the rage of the former Year. Accufationa
were raifed againft them ; fome were charged for their do6lrine»
as guilty of Arminianifm ; Others were loaded with more fcan-
dalous Imputations : But thefe were only thrown out to defame
them. And where they looked for proof, it was in a way
more becoming Inquifitors, than Judges : fo apt are all parties,
in their turns of power, to fall into thofe very exceffes, of which
they did formerly make fuch tragical complaints. All other
matters were carried in the Parliament oi Scotland, as the Lord
Mehill, and the Presbyterians defired. In lieu of the King*s
Supremacy, he had Chimney-money given him ; and a Teft was
impofed on all in office, or capable of eleding, or being eledled
to ferve in Parliament, declaring the King and Queen to be
their rightful and lawful Sovereigns, and renouncing any man-
ner of Title pretended to be in King y antes.
Affairs a- As for affairs abroad, the Duke of Savoy came into the Al-
broad. fiance : The French fufpedled he was in a fecret Treaty with
the Emperor, and fo they forced him to declare it, before mat-
ters were ripe for it. They demanded, that he would put Turin
and Monttmlian in their hands. This was upon the matter to

ask

of K.WiijIuIXU and % M a r v* 6 j ,

^sk all, and to make him a vaflal Prince : Upon his refufal, a 1 690
French Army took pofl^^^fTioii of Savoy ; and marched intoy^''"^^*"^
Piedmont., before he was ready to receive them : For tho' the
Imperialifts ^nd the Spaniards had made him great promifes,
in which they are never wanting, when their affairs require..
it ; yet they failed (0 totally in the performance, that if thc,j
King and the Dutch., who had promifed liim nothing, had not/j
perlormcd every thing eifeftually, he muft have become at once ,
a prey to the French. The Emperor was this Year unhappy
in Hungary., both by lofing Belgrade, and by fome other ad-
vantages, which the "Turks gained : Yet he was as httle inclined ,
to Peace, as he was capable of carrying on the War. [

Tiie King, at his firft coming over from Ireland., was {o little^
wearied with that Campaign, that he intended to have gonc[
over to his Army in Flanders : But it was too late ; for they,
were going into Winter quarters : So he held the Seflion of j
Parliament early, about the beginning of OBober, that fo, the
Funds being fettled for the next Year, he might have an inter-
view with many of the German Princes, who intended to meet
him at the Hague., that they might concert meafures for the .
next Campaign.

Both Houfes began with Addrefles of Thanks and Congra- ^^ seffion of
tulation to the King and Queen, in which they fet forth the Parliament
fenle they had of their pious care of their people, of their courage " =

and good government, in the higheft exprefllons that could
be conceived ; with promifes of {landing by them, and af-
fifting them^ with every thing that fhould be found neceflary^
for the publick Service : And they were as good as their word :
for the King, having laid before them the charge of the next;
Year's War, the eftimate rifing to above four millions, the vaft-i
eft fum that ever a King of England had asked of his peo-,
pie, they agreed to it ; the oppolition, that was made, being
very inconfiderable ; And they confented to the Funds pro-,
pofed, which were thought equal to that, which was demanded,
tho' thefe proved afterwards to be defedive. : 'i'he Adminiftra-
tion was fo juft and gentle, that there were no grievances to in-
flame the Houfe ; by which the moft promiflng beginnings of
fome Sefllons, in former Reigns, had often mifcarried.

Some indeed began to complain of a mifmanagement of the
Publick Money : But the Miniftry put a ftop to that, by moving
for a Bill, empowering fuch, as the Parliament fhould name, to
examine into all Accounts^ with all particulars relating to them ;
giving them authority to bring all perfons, that they fhould
have occafion for, before them, and to tender them an Oath,

Vol. li. S to

4

66 The Hist OR Y of the Reign

1 690 to difcovcr their knowledge of ftich things, as they fhould ask
Ui5'''V"^5>J of them. This was like the power of a Court of Inquifition :
And how unufual foever fuch a Commiflion was, yet it feemed
necefiary to grant it ; for the bearing down, and filencing all
fcandalous reports. When this Bill was brought to the Lords,
it was moved, that lince the Commons had named none, but
Members of their own Houfe, that the Lords fhould add fome
of their Number : This was done by ballot ; And the Earl of
Rochejier having made the motion, the greateft number of. bal-
lots were for him ; But he refufed to fubmit to this, with fo
much firmnefs, that the other Lords, who were named with
him, feemed to think they were in Honour bound to do tlic
fame ; fo, fince no Peer would fuffer himfelf to be named, the
Bill palTed as it was fent up. Many complaints were made, of
the illegal Commitments of fufpedled perfons for High Treafon ;
tho' there was nothing fworn againft them. But the Danger
was fo apparent, and the Publick fafety was fo much concerned
in thofe Imprifonments, that tlie Houfe of Commons made a
precedent, for fecuring a Miniftry, that fhould do the like, upon
the like neceflity, and yet maintained the Habeas Corpus Acft ;
They indemnified the Miniftry, for all that had been done
^ - contrary to that K&:.

Ireland, Great Complaints were brought over from Ireland^ where

S"? the^' ^^^ King's Army was almoft as heavy on the Country, as
Rapparees the Rapparees were : There was a great Arrear due to them ;
my^t£e^'" ^1" which Tcafon, when the King fettled a Government in Ire-
land^ of three Lords Juftices, he did not put the Army under
their Civil Authority, but kept them in a military fubjedion
to their OjRicers : For he faid, fince the Army was not regu-
larly paid, it would be impofilble to keep them from Mutiny,
if diev were put under ftrift Difcipline, and punifiied accor-
dingly. The Under Officers, finding that they were only an-'
fwerable to their Superior Officers, took great Liberties in their
Quarters j and, inftead of proteding the Country, they ory~
prefled it. The King had brought over an Army of feven thou-
sand Danesy under the command of a very gallant Prince, one
of the Dukes of Wtrtemberg \ But they were cruel friends, and
thought they were Mafters ; Nor were the Englijh Troops much
better. The Dutch were the leaft complained of ; Ginkle, who
had the chief command, looked ftridtly to them ; But he did
not think *it convenient to put thofe of other Nations, under
the fame fevere meafures. But the Pay, due for fome months,
being now fent over, the Orders were changed ; And the Army
was made fubje6t to the Civil Government : Yet it was under-

flood,

of K. William and %Mi*fV. (J^

flood, that Inftructions were fent to the Lord's Ju dices, to be 1690
cautious in the exercife of their Authority over them ; fo th<Si^-^-^^-^"^ '
Country ftill fuffered much by thefe Forces.

The Houfe of Commons paft a Vote, to raifc a million of •'^ ^'" '^'J|J|'
money, out of the Forfeitures and Confifcations in Ireland : And jnp For-
in order to that, they pafTed a Bill of Attainder of all^""""**
thofe, who had been engaged in the Rebellion of Ire-
land^ and appropriated the Confifcations, to the raifing a Fund
for defraying the expencc of the prefent War ; Only they left
a power to the King, to grant away a third patt of thofe
confifcated Eftates, to fuch as had fervcd in the War ; and to
give fuch Articles and Capitulations to thofe, who were in Arms,
as he fhould think fit. Upon this Bill, many petitions were
offered, the creditors of fome, and the heirs of others, who
had continued faithful to the Government, defired provifo's
for their fecurity. The Commons, feeing that there was no
end of Petitions, for fuch provifo's, rejeAed them all; imitating
in this too much the mock Parliament, that King "James held
in Dublin ; in which about 3000 perfons were attainted, with-
out proof or procefs, only becaufe fome of them were gone
over to England-, and others were abfconding, or informed a-
gainft in Ireland. But when this Bill was brought up to the
Lords, they thought they were in juftice bound to hear all pe-
titions : Upon this, the Bill was like to be clogg'd with many
provifo's ; And the matter muft have held long : So the King,
to ftop this, fent a meffage to the Commons : And he fpoke td
the fame purpofe, afterwards from the Throne, to both Houfes :
He promifed, he would give no Grants of any confifcated E-
ftates ; but would keep that matter entire, to the confideration
of another Sefiion of Parliament : By which the King intended
only, to affure them, that he would give none of thofe Eftates
to his Courtiers or Officers ; But he thought, he was ftill at
liberty, to pafs fuch Ad:s of Grace, or grant fuch Articles to the
Irijht as the ftate of his affairs fhould require.

There were no important Debates, in the Houfe of Lords. The £arl of
The Earl of Torrinzton\ Bufinefs held them long : The form ^orrp^gtou

.. , . tried and

01 his Commitment was judged to be illegal ; And the Martial juftificd.
Law, to which, by the Statute, all who ferved in the Fleet were
fubjeft, being lodged in the Lord High Admiral, it was doubted,
whether, the Admiralty being now in Commiffion, that power
was lodged with the Commiffioners. The Judges were of o-
pinion, that it was : Yet, fince the power of life and death was
too facred a thing, to pafs only by a conftrudion of Law, it
was thought the fafeft courfe, to pafs an Ad, declaring, that the

powers

-t-

:i4t.

r

68 ThUrsroRY of the Reign

1690 powers of a Lord High Admiral did veft in the CommifTioners.

UJ^'V'W Jfhe fecret Enemies of the Government, who intended to embroil
matters, moved that the Earl oiT'orringmi fhould be impeached
in Parliament \ Proceedings in that way being always flow, In-
cidents were alfo apt to fall in, that might create difputes be-
tween the two Houfes, which did fometimes end in a Rup-
ture : But the King was apprehenflve of that ; And, tho' he
was much incenfed againft that Lord, and had reafon to be-
lieve, that a Council. of War would treat him very favourably ;
yet he chofe rather to let it go fo, than to diforder his affairs.
The CommifTioners of the Admiralty named a Court to try him,
who did it with fo grofs a partiaHty, that it reflefted much on.
the Juflice of the Nation ; fo that, if it had not been for the great
Intereft the King had in the States, it might have occafloned a
breach of the Alliance between them and us. He came off fafe
as to his Perfon and Eftate, but much loaded in his Reputation ;
fome charging him with want of courage, while others imputed
his ill condud, to a haughty fullennefs of temper, that made him,
Unce orders were fent him, contrary to the advices he had given,
to refolve indeed to obey them, and fight ; but in fuch a manner,
as fhould caft the blame on thofe, who had fent him the Orders,
and give them caufe to repent of it. .1 xti :

Defigns a- Another Debate was moved in the Houfe of Lotds (by thofe
'^ift ofwho intended to revive the old Impeachment of the Marquifs

gainft the

M

rqui

Camnar- q{ Caermarthen) whether Impeachments continued, from Parlia-
ment to Parliament, or whether they were not extinguifhed by
an Ad; of Grace : Some antient Precedents were brought to
favour this, by thofe who intended to keep them up : But in
all thefe, there had been an order of one Parliament, to con-
tinue them on to the next : So they did not come home to the
prefent cafe : and how doubtful fbever it was, whether the King's
Pardon could be pleaded in Bar to an Impeachment ; yet, fince
the King had fent an Adt of Grace, which had paffed in the
hrft Scffion of this Parliament, it feemed very unreafonible,
to offer an Impeachment againft an Ad of Parliament. All
tliis difcovered a defign againft that Lord, who was believed
to have the greateft credit, both with the King and Queen,
and was again falling under an univerfal hatred. In a Houfe
of Commons, every motion againft a Minifter, is apt to be
well entertained j Some envy him ; Others are angry at him ;
Many hope to fhare in the fpoils of him, or of his Friends,
tliat fall with him ; And a love of change, and a wantonnefs
of mind, makes the attacking a Minifter, a diverfion to the
reft : The thing was well laid, and fourteen leading men had

under-

^A". William and ^ Mary. 69

undertaken to manage the matter againft him ; In which the 1 690
Earl of Shrewsbury had the chief hand, as he himfelf told me ; u^'V^vJ
For he had a very bad opinion of the man, and thought his
advices would, in conclusion, ruin the King and his afi'airs*
But a Difcovery was at this time made, that was of great
confequence ; And it was managed chiefly, by his means, fo
that put an end to the defigns againft him for the prefent.

The Sefllon of Parliament was drawing to a conclufion : r.or^ 'Pref-
And the King was making hafte over, to a great Congrefs o{'°"p^l°ff'
many Princes, who were coming to meet him at the Hague.
The Jacobites thought this opportunity was not to be loft ;
They fancied it would be eafy, in the King's abfence, to bring
a Revolution about : So they got the Lord Prejion to come up to
LondoHy and to imdertake the Journey to France^ and to manage
this Negotiation. They thought, no time was to be loft, and that
no great force was to be brought over with King "James ; but
that a few refolute men, as a guard to his perfon, would fervc
the turn, now that there was fo fmall a force left within the
Kingdom, and the Nation was fo incenfed at a burthen of
four millions in Taxes. By this means, if He furprifed us, and
managed his coming over with fuch fecrecy, that he fhould
bring over with himfelf the firft news of it, they believed this
Revolution would be more eafy, and more fudden, than the laft.
The men that laid this defign were, the Earl of Clarendon^ the
Eifhop of £/y, the Lord Pre/Ion^ and his brother Mr. Graham.,
and Pen the famous Quaker. Lord Prejion refolved to go
over, and to carry Letters, from thofe who had joined with
him in the defign, to King James and his Queen. The Bifliop
of Ely\ Letters were writ in a very particular ftile ; He under-
took both for his elder Brother, and the reft of the Family ;
which was plainly meant of Sancrofty and the other deprived
Bifhops : In his Letter to King Ja?nes\ Queen, he afiured her
of his, and all their zeal for the Prince of Wales ; and that
they would no more part with that, than with their hopes of
Heaven. ^Jhton^ a fervant of that Queen's, hired a veflel to
carry them over; But the owner of the veffel, being a man
zealous for the Government, difcovered all he knew ; which
was only, that he was to carry fome perfons over to France :
The notice of this was carried to the Marquifs of Caermarthen :
And the matter was fo ordered, that Lord Prejion, AJhton, and
a young man (Elliot) were got aboard, and faUing down the
River, when the Officer fent to take them came, on pretence
to fearch, and prefs for Seamen ; And drew the three Paf-
fengers out of the Hold, in which they were hid. Lord Prejion

Vol. II. T left

7^ The History of the Reign

169G left his Letters behind him in the Hold, together with King
^-'<!^""^^'^^ ■Jafnes\ Signet ; Apt on took them up, on defign to have thrown
them in the Sea ; But they were taken from him.
.;^ Both they and theij- Letters were brought to Whitehall. Lord
PreJlon\ mind funk fo vifibly, that it was concluded, he would
not die, if confeffing all he knew could fave him. AJJjto?i
was more firm and fullen ; Elliot knew nothing. There was
among their Papers one, that contained die heads of a Decla-
ration, with affurances of Pardon, and promifes to preferre
the Proteftant Religion, and the Laws ; Another paper contained
{hort memorials, taken by Lord PreJlo?t^ in which many of the
Nobility were named : The moft important of all was, a rela-
tion of a Conference, between fome Noblemen and Gentlemen,
Whigs and Tories ; by which it appeared, that, upon a conver-
fation on this fubjed, they all feemed convinced,, that upon this
occafion France would not ftudy to conquer, but to oblige
England; and that King James would be wholly governed by
Proteftants, and follow the Proteftant and Englijh Intereft.
Taken, tri- The Prifoncrs were quickly brought to their Trial ; Their de-
ed, and con- {-jgj^ of gomgto France, and the treafonable Papers found about
them, were fully proved : Some of them were writ in Lord
Prejlon&i and fome in Aptoriz hand. They made but a poor
• defence : They faid, a fimilitude of hands was not thought a good
proof in Sidneys Cafe ; But this was now only a circumftance j
in what hand ibever the Papers were writ, the Crime was al-
ways the fame, fince they were open, not fealed : So they knew
the contents of them, and thus were carrying on a Negotiation
of High Treafon, with the King's Enemies : Upon full evidence
they were condemned.
AptonM- y4f}jton would enter into no Treaty with the Court ; but pre-
pared himfelf to die. And he fuffered with great decency
and ferioufnefs. He left a Paper behind him, in which he
owned his dependance on King James, and his fidelity to him ;
He alfo affirmed, that he was fure the Prince of Wales was born
of the Queen ; He denied, that he knew the contents of the
Papers, that were taken with him. This made fome conclude,
that his paper was penned by fome other perfon, and too has-
tily copied over by himfelf, without making due reflexions on
this part of it ; for I compared this paper, which he gave the
Sheriff, and which was written in his own hand, with thofe
found about him; and it was vifible, both were writ in the fame
hand.

Lord PreJlo?i went backward and forward : He had no mind
to die, and yet was not willing to tell all he knew j He aded
3i . 2 * a

ofK. William and %MarV- 71

a weak part in all rcfpeds : When he was heated by the Im- 1690
portunities of his friends, who were violently engaged z.'^Wi^^^^^^""^
the Government, and after he had dined wellj he refolved he Lord 'pr/f-
would die heroically ; But by next morning, that heat went off; jo'iJ'd" ^''"^'
And when he faw Deadi.in full view, his heart failed him.
The Scheme he carried over was fo foolifh, fo ill concerted,
and fo few engaged in it, that thofc who knew the whole fe-
cret concluded, that if he had got fafc to the Court of France,
the Projedt would have been fo defpifcd, that he mufl: have
been fuipedcd, as fent over to draw King yatnes into a Snare,
and bring hini into the King's hands. The Earl o{ Clarendo7t
was feized, and put in the Tower ; But the Bifliop of Ely,
Grimes, and Fen, abfconded. After fome months, the King,
in regard to the Earl oi Clarendons relation to the Queen, would
proceed to no extremities againft him, but gave him leave to live,
confined to his houfe in the Country.

The King had fufFered the deprived Bifhops to continue, now The Beha-
above a Year, at their Sees : They all the while negledled the depHvedB?
concerns of the Churchy doing nothing, but living privately in ''^«'P»-
their Palaces. I had, by the Queen's Order, moved both the
Earl of Rochejler, and Sir yohn 'Trevor, who had great credit
with them, to try whether, in cafe an Ad: could be obtained,
to excufe them from taking the Oaths, they would go on, and
do their fundions in Ordinations, Inftitutions, and Confirma-
tions ; and alTift at the Publick Worfhip, as formerly ; But ^'^"'^ " '
they would give no anfwer ; Only they faid, they would
live quietly, that is, keep thcmftlves xlofe, till a proper time
fliould encourage them to ad more openly. So all the thoughts
of this kind were, upon that, laid afide. One of the confider-
ableft men of the party. Dr. Sherlock, upon King James\ going
out of Irela?td, thought that this gave the prefent Government
a thorough fettlement ; And in that cafe, he thought it lawful
to take the Oaths ; And upon that, not only took them him-
felf) but publickly juflified what he had done ; Upon which, he
was mott feverely Hbelled by thofe, fi-om whom he withdrew.
The difcovery of the Bifliop of Ely\ correfpondence, and en-
gagement in the name of the reft, gave the King a great ad-
vantage in filling thofe vacant Sees ; which he refolved to do,
iipon his return from tlie Congrefs, to which he went over in
yanuary.

In his way, he ran a very great hazard ; When he got within a Congrefi
the Maefe, fo that it was thought, two hours rowing would bring of Princes at

-L- r J L • r ^ r^ 1 ■ ^ the Hague,

mm to Land, bemg weary or the Sea, he went mto an open
Boat with fome of his Lords ; But by Mifts and Storms, he was

tofled

72 The History of the Reign

1690 tofled up and down above fixtecn hours, before he got fafe to
u^^v"*^' Land. Yet neither he, nor any of thofe who were with him,
were the worfe for all this cold and wet Weather. And, when the
Seamen feemed very apprehenfive of their danger, the King faid
in a very intrepid manner ; What are you afraid to die in my
Company ? He foon fettled fome points, at which the States
had ftuck long ; And they created the Funds for that Year.
The Electors of Bavaria and Brandenburg^ the Dukes of Zell
and Wolfenbuttel^ with the Landgrave of Hejfe, and a great
many other German Princes, came to this Interview, and entred
into confutations concerning the operations of the next Cam-
paign. The Duke of Savoys aifairs were then very low ; But
the King took care of him, and both furniflied, as well as pro-
cured him fuch Supplies, that his affairs had quickly a more
promiling face. Things were concerted among the Princes them-
felves, and were kept fo fecret, that they did not truft them to
their Minifters : At leaft, the King did not communicate them to
the Earl oi Nottingham., as he protefted folemnly to me, when he
came back. The Princes fhewed to the King all the refpedts
that any of their rank ever paid to any crowned Head ; And they
lived together in fuch an eaiy freedom, that points of Ceremony
occafioned no dilputes among them ; tho' thofe are often, upon
lefs folemn interviews, the fubjeds of much quarrelling, and in-
terrupt more important Debates.
A new Pope During this Congrefs, Pope Alexander the Eighth, Ottobonty
a Tong Con- ^^^^- He had fucceeded Pope Innocent, and fate in that Chair
clave. almofl a Year and a half : He was a Venetian., and intended to
enrich his Family as much as he could. The French King re-
nounced his pretenfions to the Franchifes : And he, in return
for that, promoted Fourbin., and fbme others, recommended by
that Court, to be Cardinals ; which was much refented by the
Emperor. Yet he would not yield the point of the Regale to
the Court of France : Nor would he grant the Bulls for thofe,
whom the King had named to the vacant Bifhopricks in France^
who had figned the Formulary, paffed in 1682, that declared
the Pope fallible, and fubjed to a General Council. When Pope
Alexander felt himfelf near Death, he paffed a Bull in due Form,
by which he confirmed all Pope Innocent's Bulls : And by this
he put a new flop, to any Reconciliation with the Court of
France. This he did, to render his Name and Family more ac-
^» qeptable to the Italians, and moft particularly to his Country-
men, who hated the French as much as they feared them. Upon
his Death, the Conclave continued fhut up for five months, be-
fore they could agree upon an Eledion. The party of the Zea-
lots

ofK.WihLikU and %MarV* 7^

lots ftood long firm to BarbarigOy who had the reputation of 1690
a Saint, and feemed in all things to fet Cardinal Borromeo before ^rv^*^
him as a Pattern : They at laft were perfwaded to confent to the
choice of Pignatelli^ a Neapolitan^ who, while he was Areh-
bifhop of Naples^ had fome difputes with the Viceroy, concern-
ing the Ecclefiaftical Immunities, which he aflerted fo highly,
that he excommunicated fome of the Judges, who, as he thought,
had invaded them. The Spaniards had feemed difpleafed at
this ; which recommended him fo to the French ^ that they alfo
concurred to his Elevation. He affumed Pope Innocent\ name,
and feemed refolved to follow his maxims and fteps ; for he
did not feek to raifc his Family ; Of which the King told me
a confiderable inftance : One of his neareft kindred was then,
in the Spanijh Service in Flanders ; and hafted to Rome upon
his promotion ; He received him kindly enough, but prefently
difmifled him, giving him no other prefent, if he faid true, but
fome fiiuff. It is true, the Spaniards afterwards promoted him :
But the Pope took no notice of that.

To return to the Low Countries : The King of France refolved
to break off the Conferences at the Hague^ by giving the A-
larm of an early Campaign : Mons was befieged ; And the King The Siege
came before it in perfon. It was thereupon given up, as a loft °^ '^''"^*
Place ; For the French Minifters had laid that down among
their chief maxims, that their King was never to undertake any
thing in his own perfon, but where he was fure of fucccls.
The King broke up the Congrefs, and drew a great Army very
foon together : And, if the Town had held out fo long as, they
might well have done, or if the Governour of Flanders had per-
formed what he undertook, of furnifhing Carriages to the Army,
the King would either have raifed the Siege, or forced the
French to a Battle. But fome Priefts had been gained by the
French^ who laboured fo effedually among the Townfmen, who
were almoft as ftrong as the Garrifon, that they at laft forced
the Governour to capitulate. Upon that, both Armies went
into Quarters of refrefliment : And the King came over again
to England for a few weeks.

He gave all neceffary Orders for the Campaign in Ireland ; Affairs Ctu
in which Ginkle had the chief command. Rujfel had the com- n^t^Cam'
mand of the Fleet, which was foon ready, and well manned. P^'g"-
The Dutch Squadron came over in good time. The proportion
of the Quota, fettled between England and the States, was, that
we were to furnifli five, and they three Ships of equal rates and
ftrength.

Vol. II. U Affairs

Scorlar?d.

74 The History of the Reign

1 690 Affairs in Scotland were now brought to fome temper : Many
ujs^y*^j of the Lords, who had been concerned in the late Plot, came up,
Aff-iirsin and confcffcd and difcovered all, and took out their pardon ;
Tiiey excufed themfelves, as apprehending that they were ex-
pofed to ruin ; and that they dreaded the tyranny of Presbytery,
no lefs than they did Popery : And they promifed that, if the
Kinor would fo balance matters, that the Lord Mehill, and his
party, fhould not have it in -their power to ruin them and their
friends, and in particular, that they (hould not turn out the
Minifters of the Epifcopal Perfwafion, who were yet in office,
nor force Presbyterians on them, they would engage in the
King's Interefts faithfully and with zeal : They alfo undertook
to quiet the Highlanders, who flood out ftill, and were robbing
the Country in Parties : And they undertook to the King, that,
if the Epifcopal Clergy could be affured of his protedlion, they
would all acknowledge and ferve him : They did not defire, that
the King fhould make any ftep towards the changing the Govern-
ment, that was fettled there ; They only defired, that Epifcopal
Minifters might continue to ferve, in thofe places that liked them
beft ; and that no man ftiould be brought into trouble for his
opinion, as to the government of the Church ; and that fuch
Epifcopal men, as were willing to mix with the Presbyterians
in their Judicatories, fhould be admitted, without any fevere
impofition in point of opinion.

This looked fo fair, and agreed fo well with the King's own
fenfe of things, that he very eafily hearkned to it ; And I did
believe that it was fmcerely meant ; (o I promoted it with great
zeal ; tho' we afterwards came to fee, that all this was an arti-
fice of the Jacobites, to engage the King to difguft the Presby-
terians ; And by lofing them, or at leaft rendring them remifs
in his Service, they reckoned they would be foon Mafters of that
Kingdom. For the party refolved now to come in generally,
to take the Oaths ; But in order to that, they fent one to King
James J to fhew the neceffity of it, and the fervice they intended
him in it ; and therefore they asked his leave to take them.
That King's anfwer was more honeft ; He laid, he could not
confent to that, which he thought unlawful ; But if any of them
took the Oaths on defign to ferve him, and continued to advance
his interefts, he promifed, it fhould never be remembred againft
them. Young Dalrymple was made conjund Secretary of State,
with the Lord Melvilh, And he undertook to bring in moft of
the Jacobites to the King's Service ; but they entred at the fame
time, into a clofe correfpondence with St. Gerjnains : I believed

nothing

Some
Changes
niide in
iiCOtlani.

%

of K. William and ^Mary. Jp/

nothing of all this at that time, but went in cordially to ferve 1690
many, who intended to betray us. K^c^^sr^

The truth was, the Presbyterians, by their violence and other
foolidi pradiccs, weit: rendring themfelves both odious and con-
temptible : They had formed a General Aflembly, in the end of the
former Year, in which they did very much expofe themfelves,
by the wcaknefs and pcevidinefs of their conduct : Little Learn- ,

ing or Prudence appeared among them ; Poor preaching and
wretched haranguing ; partialities to one another, and violence
and injuftice to thofe who differed from them, lliewcd them-
felves in ail their Meetings. And thefe did fo much fink their
reputation, that they were weaning the Nation moft effectually

from all fondnefs to their Government: But the falfhood of "'

many, who, under a pretence of moderating matters, were really
undermining the King's Government, helped in the fequel to
preferve the Presbyterians, as much as their own condudl did
now alienate the King from them.

The next thino; the King did was, to fill the Sees vacant by The vacaf»t

„ . . TT • 1 1 • t 1 • c r Sees filled

Deprivation. He judged right, that it was or great conlequence,
both to his Service and to the interefts of Religion, to have
Canterbury well filled : for the reft would turn upon thaL
By the Choice, he was to make, all the Nation would fee, whethet
he intended to go on, with his firft defign of moderating matters,
and healing our Breaches, or if he would go into the paifions and
humours of a High Party, that feemed to court him as abjedtiy,
as they inwardly hated him. Dr. Tillotfon had been now well
known to him for two Years ^ his foft and prudent Counfels,
and his zeal for his Service, had begot, both in the King and
Queen, a high and juft opinion of him. They had both, fof
above a Year, preffed him to come into this Poft : And he had
ftruggled againft it with great earneftnefs : As he had no am-
bition, nor afpiring in his temper, fo he forefaw what a fcene of
trouble and flander he muft enter on, now in the decline of his
age. The prejudices, that the Jacobites would poffefs all people
wddi) for his coming into the room of One, whom they called
a Confeffor, and who began now to have the pubHck compaf^
fion on his fide, were well forefeen by him. He alfo appre*
hended the continuance of that heat and averfion, that a violent
party had always expreffed towards him, tho' he had not only
avoided to provoke any of them, but had, upon all occafions,
done the chief of them great fervices, as oft as it was in hi$
Power. He had large Principles, and was free from Superftition ;
His Zeal had been chiefly againft Atheifm and Popery : But hd
had never fhewed much fharpnefs againft the Diffenters. He

had

^

76 The History of the Reign

1 690 had lived in a good correfpondence with many of them : He had
i-^"V"'5>j brought feveral over to the Church, by the force of reafon, and
the foftnefs of perfwafion and good ufage ; but was a declared
enemy to violence and feverities on thofe heads. Among other
prejudices againft him, one related to myfelf : He and I had
Jived, for many Years, in a clofe and ftrid: friendfliip ; He laid
, before the King all the ill effefts, that, as he thought, the pro-

moting him w^ould have on his own Service : But all this had
ferved only to increafe the King's efteem of him, and fix him
in his purpole.
Man Pro- '^^^ Bilhop of Ely^ Lcttcts to St. Germains, gave (o fair an
motions in Qccafion of filling thofe Sees, at this time, that the King refolved
the Church. ^^ j^^ j^^i^ ^^ -J.. AndT^y/o^;?, with great uneafinefs to himfelf,
fubmitted to the King's command : And foon alter, the See of
Tork falling void. Dr. Sharp was promoted to it i So thofe two
Sees were filled with the two beft Preachers, that had fat in
them in our time : Only Sharp did not know the World fb well,
and was not fo fteady as Tillotfon was. Dr. Patrick was ad-
vanced to Ely^ Dr. More was made Bifhop of Norwich^ Dr.
Cumberland was made Bifhop of Peterborow, Dr. Fowler was
made Bifhop of Glocejler, Ironjide was promoted to Hereford^
Grove to Chichejler, and Hall to Brijiol \ as Hough, the Pre-
fident of Magdalen s, was the Year before this, made Bifhop of
Oxford. So that in two Years time, the King had named fifteen
Bifhops ; And they were generally looked on as the learnedeft,
the wifeft, and beft men, that were in the Church. It was vifible,
that in all thefe nominations, and the filling the inferior Dig-
nities, that became void by their promotion, no ambition, nor
Court favour, had appeared ; Men were not fcrambling for
Preferment, nor ufing arts, or employing friends to let them
forward ; On the contrary, men were fought for, and brought
out of their Retirements ; And moft of them very much againft
their own inclinations : They were men both of moderate Prin-
ciples and of calm tempers : This great promotion was fuch a
difcovery of the King and Queen's defigns, with relation to the
Church, that it ferved much to remove the jealoufies, that fome
other fteps the King had made, were beginning to raife in the
Whigs, and very much foftned the ill humour, that was fpread
among .them.
The Cam- As foon as this was over ; the King went back to command
^f landers. hi$ Armj in. Flanders. Both Armies were now making hafte
to take the Field. But the French were quicker than the
Confederates had yet learned to be. Prince JValdeck had not
^ got above eighteen thoufand men together, when Luxemburg^

with

\

■c-

of JiTiWiLLiAM and ^MAry, 77

with an Army of forty thoufand men, was marching to have i6go
furprized Brujfels : And at the fame time, Bouflers^ with an- '-^^'''v-*^
other Army, came up to Liege. Waldeck polled his Army fo
well, that Luxemburgh^ believing it ftronger than indeed it was,
did not attempt to break through, in which it was believed he
might have fucceeded. The King haftned the reft of the
Troops, and came himfelf to the Army in good time, not only
to cover Brujjels^ but to feftd a detachment to the relief of
Liege ; which had been bombarded for two days. A Body of
Germans, as well as that which the King fent to them, came in
good time to fupport thofe of Liege, who were beginning to
think of Capitulating. So Bouflers drew off ; And the French
kept themfelves fo clofe in their Pofts, all the reft of the Cam-
paign, that though the King made many motions, to try if it
was poiTible to bring them to a Battle, yet he could not do it.
Signal prefervations of his perfon did again {hew, that he had a
watchful Providence ftill guarding him. Once he had ftood
under a tree for fome time, which the Enemy obferving, they
levelled a Cannon fo exaAly, that the tree was fhot down two
minutes after the King was gone from the place. There
was one, that belonged to the train of Artillery, who was
corrupted to fet fire to the Magazine of powder"r And he fired
the matches of three Bombs, two of thefe blew up, without
doing any mifchief, tho' there were twenty four more Bombs in
the fame Waggon, on which they lay, together with a Barrel of
powder : The third Bomb was found, with the match fired,
before it had its efiecl. If this wicked pradice had fucceeded,
the confufion, that was in all reafon to be expeded, upon fuch
an accident, while the Enemy was not above a League from
them, drawn up, and looking for the fuccefs of it, muft
have had terrible efieds. It cannot be eafily imagined, how
much mifchief might have followed upon it, in the mere
deftrudion of fo many as would have perifhed immediately, if
the whole Magazine had taken fire ; as well as in the pannick
fear, with which tlie reft would have been ftruck upon fo
terrible an accident •, by the iurprize of it, the French might
have had an opportunity to have cut off the whole Army.
This may well be reckoned one of the Miracles of Providence,
that fo little harm was done, when fo much was fo near being
done. The two Armies lay along between the Samber and
the Maefe : But no Adion followed. When the time came of
going into Quarters, the King left the Armies in Prince ff^a/-
deck\ hands, who was obferved not to march off with that
caution, that might have been expeded from fo old a Captain :
Vol. II. X Lux-

78 The History of the Reign

1690 lutcxemburgh upon that drew out his Horfe, with the King's
W^^'v"^ Houfhold, defigning to cut off his Rear; And did, upon the
firit furprize, put them into fome diforder ; But they made fo
good a ftand, that, after a very hot adion, the French marched
offi and loft more men on their ftde than we did. Auverquerqm
commanded the Body, that did this fervice : And with it the
Campaign ended in Flanders.
Affairs at Matters went on at Sea with the fame caution. Dunkirk
s<-"'^- was for fome time block'd up by a Squadron of ours. The

great Fleet went to find put the French ; But they had Orders
to avoid an Engagement : And, though for the fpace of two
months, Rujfel did all he could to come up to them, yet they ftill
kept at a diftance, and failed off in the night : So that, though
he was fometimes in view of them, yet he loft it next day.
The trading part of the Nation was very apprehenfive of the
danger the Smirna Fleet might be in, in which the Dutch and
Fnglijh Effeds together, were valued at four millions : for, tho'
they had a great Convoy, yet the French Fleet ftood out to
intercept them : But they got fafe into Kin/ale. The Seafon
went over without any Action ; And Rujfel., at the end of it,
came into Plymouth in a Storm : which was much cenfured ;
for that Road is not fafe : and two confiderable Ships were loft
upon the occafion. Great Factions were among the Flag Ofii-
cers : And no other Service was done by this great Equipment,
but that our Trade was maintained.

But, while we had no fuccefs, either in Flanders or at Sea,
The Cam- wc werc more happy in Ireland^ even beyond expedation. The
P^'?'""'-'^^' Campaign was opened with the taking of Baltimore^ on which
the Irijh had wrought much, that Athlone might be covered
by it : We took it in one day ; and the Garrifon had only Am-
munition for a day more. St. Ruth., one oi the violenteft of all
the Perfecutors of the Proteftants in France^ was fent over with
two hundred Ofticers to command the Irip Army : This firft
adion reflected much on his Condud:, who left a thoufand
men, with fo flender a provifiorp' of Ammunition, that they
were all made Prifoners of War. From thence Ginkle advanc'd
to Athloney where St. Ruth was pofted on the other fide of the
Shannon^ with an Army in number equal to his : The River
was deep, but fordable in feveral places : The Caftle was foon
turned to a ruin by the Cannon : But the paffmg the River,
in the face of an Enemy, was no eafy thing, the Ford being fb
nairrow, that they could not pafs above twenty in fi-ont : Parties
^|;fere fent out ta try other Fords, which probably made the
Enemy imagine, diat they never intended to pafs the River, juft

under

ofK. Willi AU and ^ Mary. 79

Under the Town, where the Ford was both deep and narrow. i6go
Talmajh, a General Officer, moved, that two BattalHons might '^^c^^v-^J
have Guineas apiece to encourage them ; And he offered to
march over at the Head of them ; which was prcfently executed
by Mackay^ with fo much refolution, that many ancient Officers
faid, it was the gallanteft adtion they had ever feen. They paft
the River, and went through the Breaches into the Town, with jiihione
the lofs only of fifty men, having killed above a thnufimd of "''"*•
the Enemy ; And yet they fpared all, that asked quarter. St.
Ruth did not, upon this occafioni, a6l fuit^'bly to the reputa-
tion he had formerly acquired ; He retired to Aghrem % where
he pofted himfelf to great advantage, and was much fuperior to
Ginkle in number ; for he had abandoned many fmall Garrifbns,
to increafe his Army, which was now tweftty eight thoufand
ftrong ; whereas Ginkle had not above twenty thoufand ; fo that
the attacking him was no advifable thing, if the courage of the
En^lijhy and the cowardice of the /r//Z>, had not made a difference
fo confiderable, as neither numbers nor polls could balance.

St. Ruth had indeed taken the moft effedual way poffible _,

to infufe courage into the Irijh : He had fent their Priefts oiJghrem»

about among them, to animate them by all the methods they

could think of: And, as the moft powerful of all others, they

made them fwear on the Sacrament, that they would never

forfake their Colours. This had a great effect oil them : For

as, when Ghikle fell on them, they had a great Bog before them ;

and the Grounds on both fides were very favourable to them :

With thofe advantages, they maintained their Ground much

longer, than they had been accuftomed to do. They difputed

the matter fo obftinately, that for about two hours the Adion

was very hot, and every Battalion and Squadron, on both fides,

had a Ihare in it. But nature will be always tdo ftrong for art ;

The IriJJjy in conclufion, trufted more to their heels, than to

their hands ; The Foot threw down their Arms, and ran away.

St. Ruthy and many more Officers, were killed, and about eight

thoufand Soldiers, and all their Cannon and Baggage was taken.

So that it was a total Defeat ; Only the night favoured a Body

of Horfe, that got off. From thence Ginkle advanced to Gal-

Icmay^ which capitulated ; fo that now Limerick was the only

place that ftood out ; A Squadron of Ships was ferit to fhut up

the River. In the mean while, the Lords Juftices iffufcd out a

new Proclamation, with an ofi'er of life and eftate, to fuch as,

within a fortnight, fliould come under the King's Protedion.

Ginkle

N

8o The History of the Reign

1691

^^./^'"'^/^'^ Ginkle purfued his advantages : And, having reduced all Con-
Z/wzer/ci naughty he came and fat down before Limerick^ and bom-
^ '^^^ * barded it ; But that had no great effed: ; And though mofl of
the houfes were beat down, yet as long as the Connaught fi.de was
open, frelh men and provifions were ftill brought into the placc.
"» When the Men of War were come up, near the Town, Ginkh

fent over a part of his Army to the Gonnaught fide, who fell
upon fome Bodies of the Irijh that lay there, and broke them ;
and purfued them fo clofe, as they retired to hijnerick^ that the
French Govcrnour D'ujfon^ fearing that the Englijh would have
come in with them, drew up the Bridge ; fo that many of them
were killed and drowned. This contributed very much to-
^ wards heightning the prejudices, that the IriJh had againft the
French. The latter were fo inconfiderable, that, if Sarsfield
and fome oi the IriJh had not joined with them, they could not
have made their party good. The Earl of Tyrconnell had, with
a particular view, ftudied to divert the French^ from fending
over Soldiers into Ireland ; For he defigned, in cafe of new
misfortunes, to treat with the King, and to preferve himfelf
and his friends ; And now he began to difpole the Iripj to think
of treating ; fince they faw that otherwife their ruin was inevi:-
table. But as foon as this was fufpedled, all the military men,
who refolved to give themfelves up entirely to the French In=-
tereft, combined againft him, and blafted him as a feeble and
falfe man, who was not to be trufted. This was carried fo far ;
that to avoid affronts, he was advifed to leave the Army : And
he ftaid aU this Summer at Limerick, where he died of griej^
as was believed : But before he died, he advifed all that came
to him, not to Ifet things go to extremities, but to accept of fuch
terms as could be got : And his words feemed to weigh more
after his death, than in his life-time : For the IriJh began ge-
nerally to fay, that they muft take care of themfelves, and ncrt
be made facrifices to fervc the ends of the French. This was
much heightned, by the flaughter of the IriJJj., whom the
French Governor had fhut out, and left to perifh. They wanted
no provifions in Limerick. And a Squadron of French Ships
flood over to that Coaft, which was much ftronger than ours,
that had failed up to the Town. So it was to be feared^ that
they might come into the River to deftroy our Ships.

To hinder that, another Squadron of Englip Men of War

was ordered thither. Yet the French did not think fit to venture

their Ships within the Shannon, where they had no places of

flicker ; The mifunderflanding that daily grew, between the

z. Irifi

of A". William z?;/^ ^Mary. 8i

Irifij ziid. the French v^2j^ great; And all appearance of relief x6gi
from France failing, made them refolve to capitulate. This was U/^/'^vJ
very welcome to Ginkle and his Army, who began to be in great
wants ; For that Country was quite wafled, having been the
Seat of War for three Years : And all their draught-horfcs were
fo wearied out, that their Camp was often ill fupplied.

When they came to capitulate, the Irijh infilled on very high J^^ ^"'^
demands ; which was fet on by the French^ who hoped they
would be rejected : But the King had given Ginkle fecret di-
redtions, that he fhould grant all the demands they could make,
that would put an end to that War : So every thing was granted^
to the great difappointment of the French^ and the no fmall
grief of fome of the Englijhi who hoped this War fhould have
ended in the total mine ot the IriJh Intereft. During the Treaty,
a faying of Sarsfielcfs deferves to be remembred ; for it was
much talked of, all Europe over. He asked fome of the Englijh
Officers, if they had not come to a better opinion of the Irijhy
by their behaviour during this War ; And, whereas they faid,
it was much the fame, that it had always been ; Sarsjield an-
fwered, as low as we now are, change but Kings with us,
and we will fight it over again with you. Thofe of Limerick
treated, not only for thcmfelves, but for all the reft of their
Countrymen, that were yet in Arms. They were all indem-
nified and reftored to all, that they had enjoyed in King Charless,
time. They were alfo admitted to all the Privileges of Subjeds,
upon their taking the Oaths of Allegiance to their Majefties,
witliout being bound to take the Oath of Supremacy. Not
only the French^ but as many of the Iri^j as had a mind to go
over to France^ had free liberty, and a fate tranfportation. And
upon that, about twelve thoufand of them went over.

And thus ended the War of Ireland : And with that our jhe ^^
Civil War came to a final end. The Articles of Capitulation ^^ere at an
were pundually executed ; and fome doubts that arofe, out of
fome ambiguous words, were explained in favour of the Irijb.
So earneftly defirous was the King to have all matters quieted
at home, that he might dired his whole force againft the Ene-
my abroad. The Englijh in Ireland^ tho' none could fuffer
more, by the continuance of the War, than they did, yet were
uneafy, when they faw diat the IriJh had obtained fuch good
conditions ; Some of the more violent men among them, who
were much exafperated with the wrongs, that had been done
them, began to call in queftion the legaHty of fome of the
Articles : But the Parliament of England did not think fit to ^

enter upon that difcuflion ; Nor made they any motions to*

Vol. IL Y wards

Affairs in

Hungary.

82 The History of the Reign

1691 wards the violating the Capitulation. Ginkle came over Rill
^-^"V""*^ of honour, after fo glorious a Campaign, and was made Earl
of Athlone^ and had noble rewards for the great Service he had
done ; though, without detrading from him, a large fhare
of all that was done, was due to fome of the Gener^
Officers, in particular to Rouvigiiy^ made upon this Earl
of Gall'wayy to Mackay, and Tallmajh- Old Rouvigny being
dead, his Son offered his Service to the King, who iinwilUngly
accepted of it ; becaufe he knew that an eftate, which |iis Fa-
ther had in France, and of which, he had ftill the income,
would be immediately confifcated : But he had no regard to
that, and heartily engaged in the King's Service, and has been
ever fince employed in many eminent Pofts ; in all w hich he
has acquitted himfelf with that great reputation, both for
Capacity, Integrity, Courage, and Application, as wtil as Suc-
cefs in mod of his Undertakings, that he is juflly reckoned
among the great men of the Age : And to crown all, he is
a man of eminent Vertues, great Piety, and Zeal for Religion.

The Emperor's affairs in Hungary went on fuccefsfully this
Year, under the command of Prince Lewis o^ Baden ; tho' he
committed an error, that was like to have proved fatal to him:
His ftores lay near him, in great boats on t\m Danube : But
upon fome defigri, he made a motion off from that River ;
Of which the Grand /^mVr took the advantage, and got into
his Camp, between him and his ftores ; fo he muil either ftarve,
or break through to come at his provili^ns. The Turks^ had
not time to fortify themfelves in their new Camp : So he at-
tacked them with fuch fury, that they were quite routed, and
loft Camp and Cannon, and a great part of their Army ; 1 he
Grand Vizier himfelf being killed. If the Court of Vienna had
really deftred a Peace, they might have had it, upon this Vic-
tory, on very eafy terms : But they refolved they would be
Mafters of all Tranjilvania ; And, in order to that, they under-
took the Siege of Great PVaradin, which they were forced to
turn to a Blockade : So that it fell ftot into their hands till the
Spring following. The Emperor was led on by the Prophecies,
that affured him of conftant Conquefts, and that he ftiould,
in conclulion, arrive at Conjiantinople itfelf : So that the prac-
tices of thofe, whom the French had gained about him, had
but too much matter to work on in himfelf

The news of the total redufftion of Ireland, confirmed him
in his refolutions, of carrying on the War in Hungary. It was
reckoned that England, being now difengaged at home, would,
with the reft of the Proteftant AlHes, be able to carry on the

Waf^'

The Max-
ims of the
Court of
Vienna,

ofK. William and %Marv. 8}

War with Fr^/^c^. And the two chief paflidns in the Empe- 1691
ror's mind, being his hatred of Hercfy, and his hatred of France j ^-^^'V'^
it was faid, that thofe about him, who ferved the interefts of
diat Court, perfwaded him that he was to let the War go on be-
tween France, and thofe he efteemed Hereticks ; Since he would
be a gainer, which {ide foever fhould lofe ; either France would
be humbled, or the Hereticks be cxhaufted ; while he fliould
extend his Dominions, and conquer Infidels : The King had a
/ort of regard and fubmifTion to the Emperor, that he ha,d to
no other Prince whatfoever : So that he did not prefs l>im, as
many defired he ftiould, to accept of a Peace with the Turksy
that fo he might turn his whole force againft France.

Germany was now more entirely united in one common in- The state of
tereft than ever : The third party, that the French had formed, ' ^ "P '
to obftrud the War, were now gone off from thofe meafures,
and engaged in the general intereft of the Empire : The two
Northern Kings had fome fatisfadlion given them, in point of
Trade, that fo they might maintain their neutrality ; And they
were favourable to the Allies, though not engaged with them.
The King of Sweden, whom the French were preiFrng to offer his
mediation for a Peace, wrote to the Duke of Hannover, affuring
him, he would never hearken to that propofition, till he had
full affurances from the French, that they would own the pre-
fent Government of England.

That Duke, who had been long in a French management, ^ j^inth e-
did now break off all commerce with that Court, and enter'd 1-^°' ««»*"!
into a Treaty, both with the Emperor and with the King : He
promifed great fupplies againft France, and the Turk, if he
might be made an Eledor of the Empire ; In which the
King concurred to prels the matter fo earneftly, at the Court
oi Vienna, that they agreed to it, in cafe he could gain the
confent of the other Electors ; which the Emperor's Minifters re-
folved to oppofe, underhand, all they could. He quickly gained
the confent of the greater number of the Eledlors ; Yet new objec-
tions were ftill made. It was faid, that if this was granted, anodier
Electorate in 2iPopip Family, ought alfo to be created, to balance,
the advantage that this gave the Lutherans : And they moved
that Aufiria fhould be made an Eledorate. But this was fo
much oppofed, fince it gave the Emperor two Votes in the E-
ledloral College, that it was let fall. In conclufion, after a
Year's negotiation, and a great oppofition, both by Popifli and
Proteftant Princes, (fome of the latter, confiiiering more their
jealoufies of the Houfe of Hannover, tlian the intereft of their **

Religion,) the Inveftiture was given, with the Title of Eledor

of

'§4 ^^^^ History of the Reign

1 69 1 of Brunfwick, and Great Marfhal of the Empire. The FrencB
k.xf^'s/'^j oppofed this, with all the artifices they could fet at work. The
matter lay long in an unfettled ftate ; Nor was he now admitted
into the College 5 it being {aid, that the unanimous confent of all
the Eledors muft be firft had.
Affairs in f he Affairs of Saiioy did not go on fo profperoufly as was
Savoy. j^Qpgjj foj. . Caraffa, that commanded the Imperial Army, was
more intent on raifing Contributions, than on carrying on the
War : He crofTed every good motion that was made : Montme-
lian was loft, which was chiefly imputed to Caraffa ; The
young Duke of Schombergy fent thither to command thofe Troops
that the King paid, undertook to relieve the place, and was
^^'■' aflured that many Proteftants mDauphiny, would come and

join him. But Caraffa, and indeed the Court of Turin, feemed
to be more afraid of the flrength of Herefy, than of the Power
of France ; and chofe to let that important place fall into their
hands, rather than fuffer it to be relieved by thofe they did not
like. When the Duke of Savoys Army weht into Quarters,
Caraffa obliged the neighbouring Princes, and the State of
Genoa, to contribute to the fubfiftence of the Imperial Army^,
threatning them otherwife with Winter Quarters : So that how
ill foever he managed the Duke of Savoys concerns, he took
care of his own. He was recalled, upon the Complaints made
againft him on all hands ; and Caprara was fent to command
in his room.
Tji; iieaor rj.^^ greatcft danger lay in Flanders, where the feeblenefs of

of Sitvsna to *^/,/-ini i i ii

comni.n<ie<l the Spanijh Government, did 10 exnault and weaken the whole

ini=-/«..im.^^^^^y^ that all the ftrength of the Confederate Armies was

fcarce able to defend it : The Spaniards had offered to deHver

it up to the King, either as he was King of England, or as he

was Stadtholder of the United Provinces. He knew the bigotry

of the people fo well, that he was convinced, it was not pofTible

to get them to fubmit to a Proteftant Government ; Put he pro-

pofed the Eledor of Bavaria, who feemed to have much heat,

and an ambition of fignalizing himfelf in that Country, which

• was then the chief fcene of War : And he could fupport that

, Government by the Troops and Treafure, that he might draw

out of his Eledorate : Befides, if he governed that Country

well, and acquired a fame in Arms, that might give him a Prof-

peft of fucceeding to the Crown of Spain, in the right of his

Eledorefs, who, if the Houle of Bourbon was fet afide, was next

in that Succeffion. The Spaniards agreed to this Propofal ; But

they would not make the firft offer of it to that Eledor, nor

would he ask it j and it ftuck for fome time at this : But the

, Court

ofK. Wi L L I AM and % Mar y. ^ j-

Goiirt of Vienna adjufted the matter, by making the propofition, .1^91
which the Eledor accepted : And that put a new life into thofe U5''"^-'■'*>J
opprcflcd and mi ferable Provinces. AScmonci

This was the general ftate of affairs, when a new SefTion of P"''*™<^"^
Parliament was opened at Wejlminjler^ and then it appeared,
tliat a Party was avowedly formed againft the Government.
They durft not own that before, while the War of Ireland con-
tinued. But now, fmce that was at an end, they began to
infufe into all people, that there was no need of keeping up a
great Land Army, and that we ought only to affift our AHies,
vyith fome auxiliary Troops, and increafe our force at Sea. Many
that underftood not the ftate of foreign affairs, were drawn into
this conceit ; not confidering, that if Flanders was loft, Hollajtd
muft fubmit, and take the beft terms they could get. And.
the conjundlion of thofe two great Powers at Sea, muft prefently
mine our Trade, and in a little time fubdue us entirely. But it
was not eafy to bring all people to apprehend this aright ; And
thofe who had ill intentions, would not be beaten out of it, but
covered worfe defigns with this pretence : And this was ftill
kept up as a prejudice, againft the King and his Government,
that he loved to have a great Army about him ; and that when
they were once modelled, he would never part with them, but
govern in an arbitrary way, as foon as he had prepared his Sol-
diers to ferve his ends.

Another prejudice had more colour, and as bad effeds. The jeaioufi(»of
King was thought to love the Dutch more than the Englijh, to ^^"^ ^'"2-
truft more to them, and to admit them to more freedom with
him. He gave too much occallon to a general difguft^ which
was fpread both among the Englijh Officers, and the Nobility :
He took little pains to gain the affections of the Nation ; Nor
did he conftrain himfelf enough to render his Government more
acceptable : He was fhut up all the day long ; And his ftlence,
when he admitted any to an audience, diftafted them as much,
as if they had. been denied it. The Earl of Marlborough thought,
that the great fervices he had done, were not acknowledged nor
rewarded, as: they well deferved ; and began to fpeak like a
man difcontented. And the ftrain of all the Nation almoft was,
tliat the Englijh were overlooked, and the Dutch were the only
perfons favoured or trufted. This was National ; And the En-
glijh being too apt to defpife other Nations, and being of more
lively tempers than the Dutch^ grew to exprefs a contempt and
an averlion for them, that went almoft to a mutiny. It is true,
the Dutch behaved themfelves fo well, and fo regularly in their
Qiiarters, and paid for every thing fo pundually, whereas the
Vol. II. Z £»-

J

8^ The History of the Reign

1 69 1 Englijh \y^rc apt to be rude and exading ; efpecially thofe who
U^'V^'^^; were all this Winter coming over from Ireland^ who had been
fo long in an Enemy's Country, that they were not eafily brought
..-.n^iiii. •jjj.Q order ; fo that the common people were generally better
pleafed with xkc Dutch Soldiers, than with their own Countrymen,
but it was not the fame as to the Officers. Thefe feeds of dif-
content, were carefully managed by the Enemies of the Govern-
ment ; And by thofe means, matters went on heavily in the
Houfe of Commons. The King was alfo believed to be fo ten-
der, in every point that feemed to relate to his Prerogative, that he
could not well bear any thing, that was a diminution of it :
And he was faid to have taken a diflike and miftruft of
all thofe, whofe notions leaned to publick Liberty, tho' thofe
Jwere the perfons that were the firmeft to him, and the moft
zealous for him. The men, whofe notions of the Prerogative
were the higheft, were fufpeded to be Jacobites : Yet
it was obferved, that many of thefe were much courted,
and put into Employments, in which they fhewed fo little af-
fedion to the Government, and fo clofe a Correfpondence with
^its profelTed Enemies, that it was generally believed they intended
to betray it. The blame of employing thefe men, was caft on
the Earl of Nottingham, who, as the Whigs faid, infufed into
the King Jealoufies of his beft Friends, and inclined him to court
fome of his bittereft Enemies.
.V.~ ■

1 69 2 The taking off Parliament men, who complained of griev-
L<;'=-v"'^ ances, by Places and Penfions, was believed to be now very ge-
nerally pradifed. Seimour, who had, in a very injurious man-
ner, not only oppofed every thing, but had refleded on the
King's Title and Condud, was this Winter brought into the
Treafury, and the Cabinet Council : Yet tho' a great oppofition
was made, and many delays contrived, all the money that was
asked was at length given. Among the Bills that were
offered to the King, at the end of the Seffion, one was
to fecurc the Judges Salaries ; and to put it out of the
King's power to ftop them. The Judges had their Com-
miflion, during their good behaviour ; Yet their Salaries were
not fo fecured to them, but that thefe were at the King's plea-
fure. But the King put a ftop to this, and refufed to |mfs the
Bill : for it was reprefented to him, by fome of the Judges
diemfelves, that it was not fit they fhould be out of all depen-
dence on the Court ; tho' it did not appear, that tliere was any
hurt in making Judges, in all refpeds, free and independent. A
Parliament was fummoned to meet in Ireland, to annul all that

had

of I^.V/iLLi AM and ^ Ma r y. %j

had }xifled in King James\ Parliament; to confirm anew the 1692
Ad of Settlement ; and to do all other things, that the broken ^-^'^'^
(late of that impoveriflied Ifland required, and to grant fucli
Supplies, as they could raifc, and as the ftate of their affairs would
permit.

Affairs in Scotland were put in another method ; Lord Twee- ^^/^"
dale was made Lord Chancellor, and not long after a Marquifs
in that Kingdom : Lord Melvill was put in a left important
Poll ; And mofk of his creatures were laid afide ; But feveral
oi thofe, who had been in Montgomery % Plot, were brought into
the Council and Miniftry. Johnjloun., who had been fent Envoy
to the Eledor of Brandenburgh, was called home, and made
Secretary of State for that Kingdom : It began foon to appear
in Scotland, how ill die King was advifed, when he brought in
Ibme oi the Plotters into the chief Pofts of that Government ;
As this difgufted the Presbyterians, fo it was very vifiblc, that
thofe pretended Converts came into his Service, only to have it
in their power, to deliver up that Kingdom to King yames :
They fcarce difguiled their defigns ; So that the trufting fuch
men amazed all people. The Presbyterians had very much of-
fended the King, and their fury was inftrumental in raifing
great Jealoufies of him in England : He well forelaw the ill
effects this was like to have ; And therefore he recommended to
a General Affembly, that met this Winter, to receive the EpiP
copal Clergy, to concur with them, in the Government of the
Church, upon their defiring to be admitted : And in cafe the
Affembly could not be brought to confent to this, the King or-
dered it to be diflblved, without naming any otlier time or place
of meeting. It was not likely, that there could be any agree-
ment, where both Parties were fo much inflamed one againft
another ; And thofe, who had the greateft credit with both,
ftudied rather to exafperate, than to foften them. The Epifcopal
Party carried it high ; They gave it out, that the King was now
theirs ; and that they were willing to come to a concurrence
with Presbytery, on defign to bring all about to Epifcopacy,
in a little time : The Presbyterians, who at all times were ftifF
and peevifh, were more than ordinarily fo at this time : They
were jealous of the King ; Their Friends were now difgraced,
and their bittereft Enemies were coming into favour : So they
were furly, and would abate in no point of their Government :
And upon that, the Aflembly was diflblved. But they pretended,
that by Law they had a right to an Annual meeting, from which
nothing could cut them off; for they faid, according to a dif-
tindion much ufed among them, that the King's power of

cal-

ic

8§^ The UtsT oKY of rheReigl^^^^

r6o2 calling Synods and Aflemblies was cumulative, and not pri-
^>y^^f^^ vative ; That is, he might call them if he would, and appoint
time and place ; but that, if he did not call them, they might
meet by an inherent right that the Church had, which was
confirmed by Law : Therefore they adjourned themfelves. This
^wliv ' was rcprefented to the King as a high ftrain of infolence, that
invaded the Rights of the Crown, of which he was become very
fenlible : Moft of thofe, who came now into his Service, made
it their bufmefs to inccnfe him againft the Presbyterians, in
which he was fo far engaged, that it did alienate that* party
much from him.
The Affair There was, at this time, a very barbarous Maflacre committed
oiGiencoe. in Scotland^ which fhewed both the cruelty and the treachery of
fome of thofe, who had unhappily infinuated themfelves, into
the King's Confidence : The Earl of Braidalbi?t formed a Scheme
of quieting all the Highlanders, if the King would give twelve
or fifteen thoufand pounds for doing it, which was remitted
down from England ; And this was to be divided among the
Heads of the Tribes, or Clanns of the Highlanders. He em-
ployed his EmifTaries among them, and told them, the beft
fervice they could do King James^ was to lie quiet, and referve
themfelves to a better time ; And^ if they would take the Oaths,
the King would be contented with that, and they were to have
a fhare of this fum, that was fent down to buy their quiet ;
But this came to nothing ; Their demands rofe high ; They
knew this Lord had money to diftribute among them ; They
believed he intended to keep the beft part of it to himfelf ;'^
So they asked more than he could give : Among the moft cla-
morous and obftinate of thefe, were the Mackdonalds of Glejtcoe,
who were believed guilty of much robbery, and many murders;*^
And fo had gained too much by their pilfering War, to be eafily
brought to give it over. The head of that Vally had fo par-
ticularly provoked Lord Braidalbin^ that as his Scheme was
quite defeated J by the oppofition that he raifed, fo he defigned
^ fevere revenge. The King had, by a Proclamation, offered
an indemnity to all the Highlanders, that had been in Arm^s
againft him, upon their coming in, by a prefixed day, to take
the Oaths ; The day had been twice or thrice prolonged ; And
it was at laft carried to the end of the Year 1691 ; with a
pofitive threatning, of proceeding to military execution, againft
fuch as fhould not come into his obedience, by the laft day of
December.

All were fo terrified, that they came in ; and even that

Macdo7iald went to the Governor of Fort IVilliamy on the laft

-ifi3 • of

of K. William and %Mary, 89

oi December, and offered to take the Oaths; But he, being only 169 J
a military, man, could not, or would not tender them ; Andu=''"V'*^>J
Macdonald was forced to feek for fome of the Legal Magiftrates,
to tender them to him. The Snows were then fallen, fo four
or five days paffed, before he could come to a Magiftrate ; He
took the Oaths in his prefcnce, on the fourth or fifth of yanuary,
when, by the ftridnefs of Law, he could claim no benefit by
it ; The matter was fignified to the Council ; and the perfon
had a reprimand, for giving him the Oaths, when the day was
paft.

This was kept up from the King ; And the Earl of BraU
dalbin came to Court, to give an account of his diligence, and
to bring back die money, fince he could not do the fervice,
for which he had it. He informed againft this Macdonald, as
the chief perlbn, who had defeated that good defign ; And that
he might both gratify his own revenge, and render the King
odious to all the Highlanders, he propofed, that Orders fhould
be lent for a military execution, on thofe of GlenCoe. An In-
ftrudion was drawn by the Secretary of State, to be both figned
and counterfigned by the King (that fo he might bear no part
of the blame, but that it might he wholly on the: King) that
fuch as had not taken the Oaths, by the time limited, fhould
be fhut out of the benefit of the Indemnity,: and be received only
upon mercy. But when it was found, that this would not au-
thorize what w^as intended, a, fecond Order was got to be figned
and counterfigned, that if the Glencoe men could be feparated^
from the reft of the Highlanders, fome Examples might be made
of them, in order to ftrike terrpr into the reft. The King
figned this, without, any enquiry about it; for. he was too apt ',

to fign papers in a hurry, without examining the importance of
them. This was one effed: of his flownefs in difpatching bufi-
nels : for as he was apt to /uffer things to run on, till there was
a great heap of papers laid brfore him ; fo then he figned them,
a Jittle too precipitately. But all this while, the King knew
nothing of Macdonald^ offering to take the Oaths, within tlie
time, nor of his having takei> ^them foon after it was paft, when
he came to a .proper Magiftrate. As thefe Orders were fent
down, the Secretary of State wiit many private Letters to Leving-
Jioun, who commanded in Scotland, giving him a ftrid: charge
and particular diredlions for the execution of them : And he
ordered the paffejS in the Valley to be kept, defcribing them fo
minutely, that the Orders were certainly drawn by one, who
knew the Country well. He gave alfo a pofitive direction, that
no Prifoners fhould be taken, that fo the execution might be as
Vol. IL A a ter-

no The History of the Reign

1692 terrible as was poffible. He prefled this upon Levingflomt^

K.yr\/'^^iyj widi fimins of veiiemence, that looked as if there was fomething

jnore tiian ordinary in it ; He indeed grounded it on his zeal

for the JCiiig's fervioe, adding, that fueh Rebels and Murderers

iliDuld be made Examples of

in February^ a Company was {^vX to Gkncoe, who were kindly
receivjed, and quartered over the Valley ; the Inhabitants thinks
ing themfek'ies fafe, and looking for ng Hoftilities ; After they
had ftaid a week among them, they took their time in the
night, and killed about fix and thirty of them, the reft taking
die alarm, and efeaping : This raifed a mighty out-ery, and was
publi/Ked by the French in their Gazettes, and by the Jacobites
jn their Libeis, to caft a reproach on the King's Government^
as cruel and barbarous ^ tho' in all other inftances it had ap-
peared, that his own inclinations were gentle and mild, rather
to an excefs. The King fent Orders to inquire into the matter ;
But wh^n the LetteriS, writ upon this bu(incfs, were all examined,
which I myfeif read, it appeared, that fo many were involved in
rile fnatter, that the King's gentlenefs prevailed on him to a fault ;
and Jifi eontentipid himfelf with difmiffing only the Mafter of
Stair from his Service : The Highlanders were (o inflamed with
this, that they were put in as forward a difpofition, as the Jaco-
bites wifhed for, to have rebelled upon the firft favourable op-
portunity : And indeed the not punilhing this with a due rigour,
ivas the greateft blot in this whole Reign, and had a very ill
^ffed in alienating that Nation, from the King and his Govern-
ment. -•>-
The Earl of An Incident happened neal" the end of this Seflion, that had
dSrlced!' "^^^^X ^^ fiffcds ; which I unwillingly mention, becaufe it cannot
be told without fqme reflexions on the memory of the Qiieen,
■whon> I always honoured, beyond all the perfons I had evet
known. The Earl of NQttingham came to the Earl of Marl-
borough^ with a meflage from the King, telling him, that he had
no more ufe for his Service, and therefore he demanded all his
Commiffions. What drew fo fudden and fo hard a meflage
was not kfiown : For he had been with the King that morning,
and had parted with him in the ordinary manner. It feemedj
fqme Letter was intercepted, which gave fufpicion : It is certain,
th^t he thought he was too little eonfidered, and that he had,
upon many oeealions, cenfured the King's eondu6l, and refleded
on the Dutch. But tjie original paule of his difgrace, arole from
another conflderation ; The Princefs thought herfelf too muci;
negie^ed by the King, whofe cold way towards her, was foon
obferved : After the King was on the Throne, no propofltions

were

f*

^jr.WiLLTAM and %Mary. 9?

were made to her of a Settlement, nor any advances of money. 1692
So flie, thinking fhc was to be kept in a neceflitous dependancc on "^^cts/^^^
the Court, got fome to move in the Houfe of Commons, in the year
1 690, when they were in tlie Debate concerning the Revenue, that
(he lliould have alignments, fuitable to her Dignity. This both
King and Queen took amifs from her ; The Queen complained
more particularly, that Ae was then ill, after her lying-in of the
Duke of Glocefier ^t Hampton- Courts and that fhc herfclf was treat-
ing her and the young child, with the tendernefs of a mother, arwl
that yet fuch a motion was made, before flie had tried, in a
private way, what the King intended to afTign her. The Prin-
cefs, on the other hand, faid, flie knew the Queen was a good
wife, fubmiflive and obedient to every thing that the King de-
fired ; fo fhe thought, the bcft way was to have a Settlement
ty Kdi of Parliament : On the other hand, the cuftom had al-
ways been, that the Royal Family (a Prince of Wales not esf-
cepted) was kept in a dependancc on the King, and had no al-
lowance, but from his nicer favour and kindneft ; yet in this
cafe, in which the Princefs was put out of the SuccefTion, during
the King's life, it feemcd reafonable, that fomewhat more than
ordinary ftiould be done in confideration of that. The A<5t
paft, allowing her a Settlement of fifty thoufand pounds. But
upon this a coldnefs followed, between not only the King, but
even the Queen, and the Princefs. And the blame of this mo-
tion was caft on the Co\mtcfs pf Marlborgugh^ as moft in favour
with the Princefs : And this had contributed much to alienate
the King froin her husband> and had difpofed him to receive
ill impreflions of hipi.

Upon his difgr^ce, his Lady was forbid the Coqrt ; The A Breach
Princefs woviM not fubmit to this ; She thought, flie ought to ^ueenlnd*
be allowed to keep what perfons fhe pleafed about herfelf. And t^e Princefs.
when the Queen infifted on the thing, fhe retired from the
Court. There were, no doubt, ill offices dope on all hands, as
there were fome that prefled the Princefs to fubmit to the Queen,
as well as others who preffed the Queen to pafs it over ; but
without effect : Both h^d engaged themfelves, before they had.
well refleded on the confequences of fuch a breach : And the
matter werit fo far,* that the Queen ordered, that no publick.
Honours fhould be {h?wed the Princefs, befides m^my other
ieffer matters, which \ unwillingly rcfled: on, becaufe I was
much troubled to fee the Qiieen carry fuch a matter fo far :
And the breach continued to the end of her life. The Enemies
of the Govcrnrnent tried what cpuld be made of this, to create
diflradlions among us ; But the Princefs gave no encouragement

to

9 2 The . H I s T o r y of the Reign

1692 to them. So that this mifunderftanding had no other effed, biit
^.^^^^''^^ that it gave Enemies much ill-natured joy, and a fecret fpiteful
diverlion.

The King gave Ruff el the Command of the Fleet ; tho' he
malted °the had put himfelf in ill terms vi^ith him, by prefTmg to know^ the
Pieet- grounds of the Earl of Marlborough\ difgrace : He had not
only lived in great friendfhip w^ith him, but had carried the
firft meffages that had paffed between him and the King,, when
he went over to Holland ; He almoft upbraided the King with
the Earl of Marlborough\ Services, who, as he faid, had fet the
Crown on his head. Rujfel alfo came to be in ill terrris with
the Earl of Nottingham^ who as he thought, fupported a faction
among the Flag Officers againft him ; And he fell indeed into
lb ill an humour, on many accounts, that he leemed to be for
fome time in doubt, whether he ought to undertake the com-
mand of the Fleet, or not : I tried, at the defire of fome of hi&
friends, to foften him a little, but without fuccefs.
A Defcent The King went over to Holland in March, to prepare for
prc^afed by ^^^ early Campaign. He intimated fomewhat in his Speech to
K. jfames. the Parliament, of a delcent defigned upon France ; But we had
neither men nor money to execute it. And, while we were
plealing our felves with the thoughts of a defcent in France^
King "James was preparing for a real one in England. It was
intended to be made in the end oi April : He had about him
fourteen thoufand Englijh and Irijh ; And Marfhal Belfonds was
to accompany him, with about three thoufand French. They
were to fail from Cherbourg and La Hague, and fome other
places in Normandy, and to land in Sujfex, and from thence to
march with all hafte to Lojtdon. A Tranfport-Fleet was alfo
brought thither : They were to bring over only a fmall number of
horfes ; for their party, in E?igland., undertook to furnifh them with
horfes, at their landing. At the fame time, the King of iV«:;zc^ was
to march witli a great Army into Flafiders \ and he reckoned, that
the defcent in England, would, either have fucceeded, fince there
was a very fmall .force left within the Kingdom ; or at leaft, that
it would have obliged the King to come over, with fome of his
EngliJJD Troops : And in that cale, which way foever the War
of England had ended, he fhould have maftered Flanders, and
fo forced the States to fubmit:. And, in cafe other dejGigns had
failed, there was one in referve, managed by the French Miniftry,'
and by Luxemburgh, of alTaflinating the King, which would
have brought about all their defigns. The French King feemed
to think the Project was fo well laid, that it could not mifcarry :
for he faid publickly, before he fet out, that he was going to
, make

of K.WihiuiKu and %MarY. 93

make aii end of the War. We in England were all this while 1692
\'ery (ecure, and did not apprehend we were in any danger. ^^^^^^""^"^
Both the King and his Secretaries were much blamed, for taking
fo little care to procure Intelligence ; If the winds had favoured
the French^ they themfelvcs would have brought us the firft
news of their dejQgn ; They fent over (bme perfons, to give their
friends notice, but a very itw days, before they reckoned, they
fhould be on our Coaft : One of thefe was a Scotchman, and
brought the hrft difcovery to Johnjloun : Orders were prefently
fent out, to bring together fucli Forces as lay fcattered in Quar-
ters ; And a Squadron of our Fleet, that was fet to Sea, was
ordered to lay on the Coaft of Normandy : But the Heavens
fought againft them more effedually, than we could have done;
There was, for a whole month together, fuch a Storm that lay
on their Coaft, that it was not polFible for them to come out
of their Ports ; nor could Marfhal UEJirees come about with
the Squadron from 'Toulon, fo foon as was expefted. In the
beginning of May, about forty of our Ships were on the Coaft
of Normandy, and were endeavouring to deftroy their Tranfport
Ships : Upon which, Orders were fent to Marfhal Tourville, to
fail to the Channel, and fight the Englijh Fleet. They had a
Wefterly wind to bring them within the Cliannel : But then
the wind ftruck into the Eaft, and flood fo long there, that it
both brought over the Dutch Fleet, and brought about our
great Ships. By this means, our whole Fleet was joined ; So
that Tourville^ defign, of getting between the feveral Squadrons
that compofed it, was loft. The King of France, being then in
Flanders, upon this change of wind, fent Orders to Tourville not
to fight : Yet the Veflel that carried thefe was taken, and the
duplicate of thele Orders, that was fent by another conveyance,
came not to him till the day after the Engagement. j

On the nineteenth of May, Rujfel came up with xht French, k^ratYic-
and was almoft twice their number ; Yet not above the half'°'^*'^"'
of his Ships could be brought into the Adion, by reafon of the
winds : Rook, one of his Admirals, was thought more in fault.
The number of the Ships that engaged was almoft equal; Our
men faid, that the French neither (hewed courage nor skill in
the Adion ; The night and a fog feparated the two Fleets, after
an Engagement that had lafted fome hours. The greateft part
of the French Ships drew near their Coafts ; But Rujfel not
cafting anchor, as the French did, was carried out by the tide ;
So next morning he was at fome diftance from them. A great
part of the French Fleet failed Weftward, through a dangerous
Sea, called the Race q{ Alderney ; Apby was fent to purfue

Vol. II. B b them:

g4 The History of the Reign

1692 them: And he followed them fome leagues: But then, the
u?^^'"^^ Pilots pretending danger, he came back ; fo twenty fix of them,
whom \i. Ap^by had purfued, by all appearance, he had deftroy'd
them all, got into St. Malo%. Ruff el came up to the French
Admiral, and the other Ships that had drawn near their Coafts ;
Delaval burnt the Admiral, and his two Seconds : And Rook
burnt lixteen more before La Hogue.
fiut not foi- It vvas believed, that if this Succefs had been purfued with
mi^it h'ave vigour, confidcring the conflernation, with which the French
•^^"- were ftruck, upon fuch an unufiial and furprizing blow, that

this Victory might have been carried much farther than it was.
But Rujfel was provoked by fome Letters and Orders, that the
Earl of Nottingham fent him from the Queen, which he thought
were the effeds of ignorance ; And upon that he fell into a
crofTnefs of difpofition ; He found fault with every Order that
was fent him ; But would offer no advices on his part. And
he came foon after to St. Helens ; which was much cenfured ;
for tho' the difabled Ships muft have been fent in, yet there
was no fuch reafon for bringing in the reft, that were not touched.
Crofs winds kept them long in Port ; So that a great part of
the Summer was fpent, before he went out again. The French
had recovered out of the firft difbrder, that had quite difpirited
them. A defcent in France came to be thought on, when it
was too late : About feven thoufand men were fhipped ; And
it was intended to land them at St. Malo\ \ But the Seamen
were of opinion, that neither there, nor any where €i{Q^ a de-
fcent was ■ then pradicable. They complained, that the Earl of
Nottingham was ignorant of Sea affairs, and yet that he fet on
propofitions relating to them, without confulting Seamen, and
lent Orders which could not be obeyed, without endangering
the whole Fleet. So the men, who were thus fhipped, lay fome
days on board, to the great reproach of our Counfels : But that
we might not appear too ridiculous, both at home and abroad,
by landing them again in England ; the King ordered them to
be fent over to Flanders^ after they had been for fome weeks
on Shipboard ; And fo our Campaign on the Sea, that began
fo glorioufty, had a poor conclufion. The common refledion
that was made on our condud: was, that the providence of God,
and the valour of our men, had given us a vidlory, of which
We knew not what ufe we fhould make : And which was worfe,
our Merchants complained of great loffes this Summer ; for the
French having laid up their Fleet, let their Seamen go and ferve
in Privateers, with which they watched all the motions of our
Trade : And fo, by an odd Reverfe of things, as we made no
*(n»ib U con-

ofK. William and ^ Mary. ^j

toniiderable lofles, while the French were Mafters of our Sea, 1692
two years before ; fo now, when we triumphed on that Ele- ^'"v^^J
tnent, our Merchants fuftered the moft. The conclufion of all
was, Rujfcl complained of the Miniftry^ particularly of the Earl
of Nottingha7n \ and they complained no lefs of him ; and tlie
Merchants complained of the Admiralty : But they, in their own
defence faid, that we had not Ships nor Seamen, both to fur-
uifh out a great Fleet, and at the fame time to lend out Con-
voys for fecuring the Trade.

In Flanders^ the defign, to which the French tnifted moft, ^^J^f^^ *®
failed : That was laid for affaflinating the King : One Grand- the King.
val had been in treaty with Louvoy about it ; And it was in-
tended to be executed the former year. He joined with Du
Mont to follow the King and fhoot him, as he was riding about
in his ordinary way, moving flowly, and viliting the pofts of his
Army. The King of France had loft two Minifters, one after
another. Seignelay died firft, who had no extraordinary genius,
but he knew all his father's methods, and purfued them fo,
that he governed himfelf, both by his father's maxims, and
with his tools. Louvoy did not furvive him long ; He had
more fire, and io grew uneafy at the authority, Madam de
Maintemn took in things which fhe could not underftand : And
was, in conclufton, fo unacceptable to the King, that once, when
he flung his bundle of papers down upon the floor before him,
upon fome provocation, the King lifted up his cane : But the
Lady held him from doing more ; Yet that affront, as was
given out, funk fo deep into Lowvoy^ fpirits, that he died fud-
denly a few days after. Some faid, it was of an Apoplexy ;
Others fufpeded poifon ; for a man that knew fo many fecrets,
would have been dangerous, if he had out-lived his favour.
His Son Barbejieux had the furvivance of his place, and con-
tinued in it for fome years ; But, as he was young, fo he had
not a capacity equal to the poft. He found, among his father's
papers, a memorandum of this defign of GrandvaH ; So he
fent for him, and rdblved to purfue it ; in which Madam de
Maintemn concurred, and Luxemburgh was trufted with the
direction of it. Du Mont retired this winter to Zell, as one
that had forfaken the French Service : From fome practices and
difcourfes of his, a fufpicion arofe, of which Sir William Colt,
the King's Envoy there, gave notice : So one Leefdale, a Dutch
P^ift, was fecretly fent to Paris, as a perfon that would enter
into the defign J But, in reality^ went on purpofe to difcover

Grandval

.-.;-.iAV

/

96 The History of the Reign

1692 Grandval and he came back to ¥la?tdersj to fet about it ; But
^^^'^^'""^ Leefdak brought him into a party, that feized on him : Both
fufflTeZfor K-ing James, and his Queen, were, as Grandval faid, engaged
ir, and con- iri the dciign ; One Par kbej' J whom they employed in many
black deligns, had concerted the matter with Grandval, as he
confeffed, and had carried him to King James, who encou-
raged him to go on with it, and promifed great rewards. When
Grandval faw there was full proof againft him, he confefled
the whole ferie's of the management, without {laying till he were
put to the torture. Mr. Morel oi Berne, a famous Medalift,
(who had, for fome years, the charge of the French King's ca-
binet of medals, but being a Proteftant, and refuling to change
his Religion, was kept a clofe prifoner in the Bajiile for feven
years) was let out in April this year. And, before he left Paris,
^ his curiolity carried him to St. Germains, to fee King James :

He happened both to go and come back in the Coach with
Grandval ; And while he was there, he faw him in private
difcourfe with King James : Grandval was full of this projed:,
and, according to the French way, he talked very loolely to
Morel, not knowing who he was ; but fancied he was well af-
feded to that Court. He faid there was a defign in hand, that
would confound all Europe : For the Prince of Orange, fo he
called the King, would not live a month. This Morel writ
over to me in too carelefs a manner ; for he directed his Letter
with his own hand, which was well known at Court ; Yet it
came fafe to me. The King gave Orders, that none belonging
to him fhould go near Grandval, that there might be no colour
for faying, that the hopes of life had drawn his Confeflion from
him ; Nor was he ftriftly interrogated concerning Circumftances ;
but was left: to tell his flory, as he pleafed himfelf. He was
condemned ; and fuffered with fome flight remorfe, for going
into a defign to kill a King : His Confeflion was printed. But
how black foever it reprefented the Court of France, no notice
was taken of it : Nor did any of that Court ofFer to difown or
difprove it, but let it pafs and be forgotten : Yet fo- blind and
violent was their party among us, that they refolved they would
believe nothing, that either blemifhed King James, or the Frejich
Court. ;J

Namnr Wis gu^- ^.j^q' ^-j^jg mifcarried, the French fucceeded in the Siege

taken by the ^,_ ai r- 1 iiii

Frewf;. or JMamur : A place or great importance, that commanded both:;
the Maefe and Sambre, and covered both Liege and Majiricht .f
The Town did foon capitulate, but the Citadel held out much
longer. The King came with a great Army to raife the Siege ;
Luxemburgh lay in his way with another to cover it, and the
. ■ -v.-.' -^ Me-

of I^. WrbL I AM and <^ M a r y. 97?

Mehaignehi^ hztyN^^n. The Kin p; jntcrxled to pafs the River, 1692
and force a Battle ; But fuch rains fell, the night before he de- '-^J^'V"'^
iigned to do it, and the River fwelled fo much, that he could
not'pafs it for'fome days : He tried, by ahothtr motion, to
come and raife the Siege. But the Town having capitulated (b
early, and the Citadel laying on the other fide of the Sambre,
he could not cOriieal: it: So after a month's Siege it was taken.
This was looked on'^skhe^greateft adion of the French K\t\^^
life ; that, not withftanding the deprefTion of fuch a defeat at
Sea, he yet fupported his meafurcs, fo as to take that important
place, ;in the view of a great Army. The King's condud: was
on this occafion much ccnfured : Tt was faid, he ought to have
put muchto hazard, rather than'fufFer fuch a place to be taken
in his fight.

After Namur furrendred, that King went back to Paris in
his ufual method ; for, according to the old Perjian Luxury,
he ufed to bring the Ladies with him, with the Mufick, Poems,
and Scenes, for an Opera, and a Ball ; in which he and his
actions were to be fet out, with the pomp of much flattery.
When this aftion was over, his Forces lay on the Defcnfive, and
both Armies made fome motions, watching and waiting on one
another.

At Steenkirk^ the King thought he had a favourable oecafion 'The Battle
for attacking the French^ in their Camp ; But the ground was jt/r/t.
found to be narrower, and lefs pradicable, than the King had
been made to believe it was. Ten Battalions begun the Attack,
and carried a Poft with Cannon, and maintained it long, doing
great execution on the Enemy ; And if they had been fupported,
or brought off, it had proved a brave attempt : But they were
cut in pieces. In the whole adion, the French loft many more
men than the Confederates did ; for they came fo thick,
that our fire made great execution.' The Conducfl of this affair
was much cenfured. It was faid, the ground ought to have been
better examined, before the attack was begun ; And the men
ought to have been better maintained, than they were : For many
thought, that if this had been done, we might have had a
total Vidory. Count Solms bore the blame of the errors, com-
mitted on this occafion. The Englijh had been fometimes
check'd by him, as he was much dilgufted with their heat
and pride : So they charged all on him, who had fome good
qualities ; but did not manage them in an obhging manner.
We loft in this aftion about five thoufand men, and many brave
Officers ; Here Mackay was killed, being ordered to a Poft
that he faw could not be maintained ; He fent his opinion about

Vol. n. C c it :

98

1692

The History of the Reign

it • But the former Orders were confirmed : So lie went on,

L^j^v"''!^,' faying only, The Will of the Lord be done. He was a man
of fuch ftri6t principles, that he would not have ferved in a
War that he did not think lawful. He took great care of his
Soldiers morals, and forced them to be both fober and juft in
their Quarters : He fpent all the time that he was mafter of, in
fecret Prayers, and in the reading of the Scriptures. The King
often obferved, that when he had full leifure for his devotions,
he a6led with a peculiar exaltation of courage. He had one
very lingular quality ; In Councils of War, he delivered his opi-
nion freely, and maintained it with due zeal ; But how pofltive
foever he was in it, if the Council of War over-ruled it, even
tho' he he was not convinced by it, yet to all others he juftified
it, and executed his part with the lame zeal, as if his own
opinion had prevailed. After the Adion at Steenkirky there
was little done this Campaign. A Detachment, that the King
fent from his Army, joined with thofe Bodies that came from
England^ broke in fome way in to the French Conquefts : They
fortified Dixmtiyde and furnes^ and put the Country about them
under Contribution, and became very uneafy neighbours to Dun-
kirk. The Command of thofe Places was given to the Count
of Horn^ who underftood well the way to make all poiTible ad-
vantages by Contributions ; But he was a man of no gre^ worth,
and of as little courage. This difgufted the EngliJJj ftill more ;
who faid, the Dutch were always trufted and preferred, while
they were negleded. They had fome colour to cenfure tliis
choice the following winter : For, upon the motion of fome
French Troops, Horn (without ftudying to amufe the Enemy,
or to gain time, upon which, much may depend in Winter)
did immediately abandon Dixmuyde. All he had to juftify
himfelf, was a Letter from the Eledor of Bavaria^ telling him,
that he could fend him no relief ; and therefore he ordered him
to take care of the Garrifon, which was of more importance than
the Place itfelf Thus the Campaign ended in Flanders ; Na~
mur was loft ; The Reputation of the King's conducing Ar-
mies was much funk, and the E?iglifi were generally difcon-
tented, and alienated from tlie Dutch.

Nothing was done on the Rhine. The Eledor of Saxony had
promifed to bring an Army thither : But Shening his General,
who had great power over him, was gained by the French^ to
break his defign. The Duke of Saxony complained, that the
Emperor favoured the Circles of Franconia and Swahia fo much,
that he could have no good Quarters affigned him for his Army :
And upon this occafion it was faid, that the Emperor drew much

money

Affairs in
Germany,

of K.V/iLhiAU and ^ Mary. 99

money from thofe Circles, that they might be covered from 1692
Winter Qiiarters ; and that he applied all that to carrying on ^-^'^'-''^hj
the War in Hungary ; and fo left the weight of the War with
'Branca^ to lie very heavy on the Princes of the Empire. This
Gonteft went on fo high, that Shening^ who was thought the ill
inftmment in it, going for his health to the Hot Baths in Bohemia^
was feized on by the Emperor's Orders ; Upon which, great ex-
poftulations pafled between the Courts of Vienna and Drefden,
There were two fmall Armies, that aded feparately on the
Rhine, under the Command of the Landgrave of Heffe, and
the Marquifs of Bareith : But they were not able to cover the
Empire : And another fmall Army, brought together by the
Duke oi Wirtemberg, for the defence of his. Country, was to-
tally deleatcd ; Not only Cannon and Baggage, but the Duke
himfelf fell into the Enemies hands.

But, tho' the Emperor did, as it were, abandon the Empire i^f " '"
to the Vrenchy he made no great progrefs in Hungary : The
Xw-h lay upon a defenfive ; And the Seafon was fpent in mo-
tions, without either Battle or Siege. There was ftill fome dif-
courfe, but no great probability of Peace. Two Englijh Am-
bafladors dying, the one, Sir Thomas Huffay, foon after his ar-
rival at Conjlajitinople ; and the other, Mr. Harbor dy on his way
thither ; The Lord Paget , then our Ambaflador at the Emperor's
Court, was ordered to go thither, to mediate the Peace. He
found the Mediation was, in a great meafure, fpoiled by the
Dutch Ambafiador, before his arrival : for he had been pre-
vailed on, by the Court of Vienna, to offer the Mediation of
the Dutch upon a very high Scheme. Caminieck, and the Ukrain^
and Podolia, with Moldavia, and Valachia, were demanded for
Poland'. "Tranjilvania, with the perfon of CounX. Tekeli, ioi the
Ejnperor ; and Achaia and Livadia, as an Antemurale to cover
the Morea, for the Venetians. The Court of Vienna, by offering
fuch a Projedt, reckoned the War muff: go on, which they de-
ffred. The Minifters of the Porr, who were gained by the
French to carry on the War, were glad to fee fo high a Projedl ;
They were afraid of Tumults ; So they fpread this Projedl over
the whole Empire, to fhew, on what ignominious terms the
Mediation was prppofed ; And by that they they juftified their
going on with the War. But the Lord Paget offered the King's
Mediation upon another Projed: ; which was, that every Prince
was to keep what he was then poffeiTed of : And Caminieck
was only demanded to be razed. If this had been off'ered at
firft, the Ottojuan Court durft not have refufed it : The people
were become fo weary ynder a long and unprofperous War;

But

100^ The History of the Reign

1692 But the Vizkr fuppreffed this, arid made it ftill pafs among
'-^^'"^'''"''^ them, x\\iX. xht Englijh prefled the fame Projed, that xh^ Dutch
had propofed ; which was the more eafily beUeved there, be-
caufe how ignorant foever they were at that Court, they knew
well what an intereft the King of England hakl in the States.
So the War was dill carried on there ; And Trtimbal, who came
over to England at this time^ told the King, that if inftead
of fending Embaffies, he would fend a powerRil Fleet into the
Mediterranean^, to deftroy the i^r^^c^ Trade, and ftop the Com-
merce with Tm-key, he would quickly bring that Court to* other
meafures, of raife fuch tumults among them, as would fet that
Ertipire, ;and even Conjlantinople itfelf, all in a ftame.
Affairs in Jn Picdmntj the Campaign was opened very late ; And the
'j'ledumu. p^^^^^jy vv^ei^^ on a defenfive : So the Duke of Sa^y entred into
Daiiphiny v/ith an Army ; And if he had carried on that at-
tempt with the Spirit, . with which he began it, he had put the
affairs of i^r^wc^ on that fide into great diforder : But he was
eilhfer ill ferved. or betrayed in it ; He fat down before Ambruny
and befiegediit in form : So that a place, which he might have
carried in three days, coft him fome weeks : And in every
ftepi he niade it appear, there was either a great feeblenefs, or
much treachery in his Counfels. He made no great progrefs;
■Yet the diforder, it threw that and the neighbouring Provinces
into, v/as very great. He was flopped by the Small Pox, which
faved his honour, as much as it endangered his perfon : The
retreat of his Army, when his life was in danger, looked like
a due caution. He recovered of the Small Pox, but a ferment
remaiacd ftillin his Blood,' and broke out fo often into feverifh
relapfes, that it was generally thought he was poifoned. Many
months paffed, before he was out of danger. So the Campaign
ended there with confiderable loffes to the Fre7ich^ but with no
great advantage to the Duke. The greateft prejudice the French
buffered this year, was from the Seafon ; They had a very bad
harveft, and no vintage in the Northern parts. We in England
had great apprehenfions of as bad an one, from a very cold
and wet Summer. Great deluges of rain continued till the very
time of harveft. But, when we were threatned with a famine,
it plcafed God to fend fuch an extraordinary change of the Sea-
fon, that we had a very plentiful crop, enough both to ferve
our felves, and to fupply our neighbours, which made us eafy
at home, and brought in much. wealth, for that Corn which we
were able to fpare.
A p/cat In the beginning of September^ there was an Earthquake felt

ill moft places in England \ and was at the fame time felt in
^' 2 many

Jiarthquake. ^

of K. William and .^Mary^ lof

many parts of France^ Germany, and the Netherlands. No 1692
harm was done by it, tho' it continued for thrCj or four minutes. l-c^-V'W
I can write nothing oPit from my own Obfervation ; for it was
not fenfible in the place where I happened to be at that time J'
Nor can it be determined, whether this had any relation to.
thofe terrible Earthquakes that happened, fome months after
this, in Sicily and Malta : Upon which I cannot enlarge, hav-
ing feen no other account of them, than what was in publick
Gazettes, which reprefented them as the dreadfuUeft by much,'
of any that are in Hiftory : It was eftimated, that about one
hundred thoufand perfons pcrifhed by them in Sicily. It is
fcarce to be imagined, that the Earthquake, which about the
fame time deftroyed the beft part of the chief Town in Jafnaica,
could have any connexion with thefc in Europe. Thefe were
very extraordinary things, which made thofe, who ftudied Apo-
calyptical matters, imagine that the end of the World drew
near. It had been happy for us, if fuch difmal accidents had
ftruck U3 with a deeper fenfe of the Judgments of God.

We were indeed brought to more of an outward face of A great

vertue and fobriety : And the great examples, that the King oZl^^ns^

and Queen fet the Nation, had made fome conliderable altera- ^««'^-

tions, as to publick pradlices : But we became deeply corrupted

in principle : A disbelief of Revealed Religion, and a profane

mocking at tJie Chriftian Faith, and the Myfleries of it, became

avowed and fcandalous. The Queen, in the King's abfence^

gave orders to execute the Laws againft Drunkennefs, Swearingj

and the Profanation of the Lord's Day ; and fent diredlions

over England, to all Magiftrates to do their duty in executing

them ; to which the King joined his Autliority, upon his return

to England. Yet the Reformation of Manners, which fome

zealous men ftudied to promote, went on but flowly: Many

of the inferior Magiftrates were not only remifs, but very faulty

themfelves : They did all they could to difcourage thofe, who

endeavoured to have Vice fupprefled and puniftied : And it

muft be confefled, that the behaviour of many Clergymen gave

Atheifts no fmall advantage : They had taken the Oaths, and

read the Prayers for tlie prefent Government ; They obferved

the Orders for publick Fafts and Thankfgivings ; And yet they

fhewed in many places their averfion to our EftabHftiment but

too vifibly : So that the offence that this gave, in many parts

of the Nation, was too evident : In fome places, it broke out in

very indecent Inftances, that were brought into Courts of Law,

and cenlured. This made many conclude, that the Clergy were

a fort of men, that would fwear and pray, even againft their

Vol. IL • D d Con-

1 02 The Yii^l^oviY of the Reign

1692 Confciences, rather than lofe their Benefices ; and by confe-
u^'V'^'jo quence, that they were governed by Intereft, and not by Prin-
ciple. The Jacobites grew ftill to be more and more outrageous,
while the Clergy feemed to be Neutrals in the difpute ; And
which was yet the moft extraordinary thing in the whole mat-
ter, the Government itfelf aded with fo much remiflhefs, and
fo few were enquired after, or punifhed, that thofe who were
employed by the King, behaved themfelves, in many places, as
if they had fecret Inftrudtions to be heavy upon his beft friends,
and to be gentle to his Enemies. Upon the whole matter, the
Nation was falling under fuch a general corruption, both as to
Morals and Principles ; And that was fo much fpread among
all forts of people, that it gave us great apprehenfions of heavy
Judgments from Heaven.
PaSiSInt^ The SefTion of Parliament was opened under great difad van-
tages. The Earl of Marlborough^ and fome other Peers, had
been put in the Tower, upon a falfe accufation of High Treafon,
which was evidently proved to be a Confpiracy, defigned by
fome profligate creatures, who fancied that forgeries and falle
fwearing would be as acceptable, and as well rewarded, in this
Reign, as they had been formerly. But till this was detedled,
the perfons accufed were kept in Prifon ; and were now only
out upon Bail : So it was faid to be contrary to the nature and
freedom of Parliaments, for Prifoners to fit in it. It was con-
fefled, that in times of danger, and fuch was the former Sum-
mer, it mufl be trufted to the difcretion of a Government, to
commit fuch perfons as were fufpefted : But when the danger
was over, by our Vidory at Sea, tliofe againft whom there lay
nothing befides fufpicions, ought to have been fet at liberty : And
this was thought reafonable. There was an AfTociation pretended
to be drawn againft the Government, to which the Subfcriptions
of many Lords were fet fo dexteroufly, that the Lords themfelves
feid, they could not diftinguifli between their true Subfcriptions,
and thofe that were forged for them. But the manner of the
difcovery, with feveral other circumflances, carried fuch marks
of Impoflure, that the Lords of the Council ordered a flrid: pro-
fecution of all concerned in it, which ended in a full convidion
of the forgery: And thole who had combined in it, were whipt
and pilloried, which, to the reproach of our Conflitution, is the
only punifhment that our Law has yet provided for fuch prac-
tices. The Lords pafTed fome Votes, afferting their Privileges ;
and were offended with the Judges, for detaining fome in prifon,
tho' there was no reafon nor colour for their difpleafure. But

where

ofK. Wi L L I A M and ^ M a r y. 103

where the Privilege, or the Dignity of Peerage is in queftion, it 1692

Uf^V^^hJ

. \n,iiii

is not cafy to keep the Hoiife within bounds.

The Debate went off in a Bill, that indemnified the Miniftry
for tliofc Commitments, but limited them, for the future, by
feveral rules ; all which rules were rejcdlcd by the Commons.
They thought thofe Limitations gave a Legal power to commit,
in cafes where they were obferved ; whereas they thought the
fafer way was, to indemnify the Miniftry, when it was vifible
they did not commit any but upon a real danger, and not to
fet them any rules : Since, as to the committing of fufpe<Eted
perfons, where the danger is real and vifible, the publick fafety
muft be firft looked to, and fuperfede all particular Laws. When
this was over, an attempt was made in both Houfcs, for the
Abjuration of King James : The King himlelf was more fet
on it, than he had been formerly. It was rejected by the Houfe
of Commons : And tho' fome fteps were made in it by the
Lords, yet the oppofition was fo great, that it was let fall.

The affairs at Sea occafioned much heat in both Houfes.
The Earl of Nottingham laid before the Lords, upon an Addrefs
they had made to the King, all the Letters that had paft be-
tween himfelf and Rujfel \ with all the Orders he had fent
him : And he aggravated Rujfefs errors and negleds very fe-
verely. But the Houfe of Commons juftified Rujfely and gave
him thanks over and over again ; and remained fo fixed in this,
that tho' the Lords then communicated the papers, the Earl of
Nottingham had laid before them, to the Commons, they would
not fo much as read them, but renewed their firft Votes, that
juftified Rujfefs fidelity, courage, and conduft.

The King was now pofiieffed againft him : For he difmifi^d jealoufiej of
him from his Service, and put the Command of the Fleet into M'Jn^tcri*
the hands of three perfons, KtUigrew^ Delavaly and Shovel:
The two firft were thought fo inclinable to King "Jamess In-
terefts, that it made fome infinuate, that the King was in ^ the
hands of thofe, who intended to betray him to his Enemies :
For tho' no exception lay againft Shovel., yet it was faid, he was
only put with the other Two^ to give fome reputation to the
Commiffion, and that he was One againft Two ; fo that he
could neither hinder nor do any thing. The chief blame of this
Nomination was thrown on the Earl of Nottingham ; and of
thofe, who belonged to his Office, many ftories were raifed and
fpread about, as if there had been among them, befides a very
great remiffnefs in fome of the concerns of the Government,
an adual betraying of all our Secrets and Counfels. The opi- .
nion of this was fpread both within and without the Kingdom ;

And

I04 'T^^ History of the Reign

i6q2 And moft of our Confederates were poffeffed with it. He juf^
Ui^'v""'^ tilled not only himfelf, but all his Under Secretaries ; Both King
and Queen continued ftill to have a good opinion of his fide-
lity ; But they faw fome defeds in his Judgment, with a moft
violent Party heat, that appeared upon all occafions, and even
in the fmalleft matters. The Bills for the fupply went on with
a heavy progrefs in the Houfe of Commons j Thofe who could
not oppofe them, yet fhewed their ill humour in delaying them,
and clogging them widi unacceptable claufes all they could.
And tliey continued that wafteful method, of railing money
upon remote Funds ; by which there lay a heavy difcount on
Tallies ; fo that above a fourth part was, in fome of them, to be
difcounted : The parties of Whig and Tory appeared almoft
( in every debate, and in every queftion.
Complaints ^pj^^ -^ humour prevailed moft in the Houle of Lords, where
ment. a ftrong oppofition was made to every tiling that was propofed
for the Government. They paft many Votes, and made many
Addreffes to the King, which were chiefly defigned to
load the Adminiftration, and to alienate the King from the
Dutch. The Commons begun with great complaints of the
Admiralty : And then they had the condu6t in Flanders^ par-
ticularly in the Adion at Steenkirk, before them : And they
voted fome heads of an Addrefs relating to thofe matters : But
by a fecret management, they let the whole thing fall, after
they had paflied thofe angry Votes. Any thing that the Lords
could do, was of lefs moment, when it was not like to be fe-
conded by the Commons ; Yet they fhewed much ill humour.

r5s=-A-^^ This was chiefly managed by the Marquifs of Halifaxy and
1^93 the Earl of Mulgrave\ And they drew in the Earl of Shrews-

^^'^^'^^^"'^ bury^ who was very ill pleafed with the credit, that fome had
with the King, and lived in a particular friendfhip with the Earl
of Marlborough ; and thought that Jie was both ungratefully
and unjuftly perfecuted. Thefc Lords had all the Jacobites
ready to aflift them, in every thing that could embroil matters .;
A great many Whigs, who were difcontented, and jealous of
the Miniftry, joined with them : They knew that all their mur-
muring would lignify little, unlefs they could flop a Money-bill :
And, fince it was fettled in the Houfe of Commons as a maxim,
that the Lords could not make any alterations in Money-bills ;
When the Bill for four fliillings in the pound Land-tax came
up, they put their ftrength to carry a claufe, that the Peers
fhould tax themfelves. And tho', in the way in which this
claufe was drawn up, it could not be defended, yet they did

all

t)f K. William and ^Mary. loy

all that was pofTible, to put a flop to the Bill ; and with unu- 1693
fual vehemence prefled for a delay, till a Committee (hould be '^<''^**>J
appointed to examine Precedents. This the Earl of Mulgrave
prefled for many hours, with a force of Argument and Elo-
<^uence, beyond any thing that I had ever heard in that Houfe.
He infifted much upon the dignity of Peerage ; and made this,
which was now propofed, to be fo main a part of that dignity,
that he exhaufted all the topicks of Rhctorick, to convince the
Lords, that, if they yielded to this, they divefted themfclves of
their true greatnefs ; and nothing would remain, but the name
and fhadow of a Peer, which was but a Pageanti But after all
the pomp and heat of his Oratory, the Lords confidered the
fafety of the Nation, more than the fliadow of a Privilege ; And
fo they pafl*ed the Bill.

Thefe Lords alfo fet on foot a proportion, that had never
been offered, but when the Nation was ready to break out into
Civil Wars ; And that was, that a Committee of Lords and
Commons fhould be appointed to confer together, concerning
the flate of the Nation : This once begun, would have grown
in a very fhort time, to Jiave been a Council of State ; And they
would foon have brought all affairs under their infpcdlion ; But
this was fb flrongly oppofcd, that it was foon let fall.

When the Party, that was fet againfl the Court, faw they
could carry nothing in either Houfe of Parliament, then they
turned their whole flrength againfl the prefent ParUament, to
force a diflblution ; And in order to that, they firfl loaded it
with a name of an ill found ; And, whereas King Charles % Long
Parliament was called the Penfioner Parliament, they called
this the Officer's Parliament ; becaufe many, that had Com-
mands in the Army, were of it : And the word, that they gave
out among the people, was, that we were to be governed by a
flanding Army, and a {landing Parliament. They tried to
carry a Bill, that render'd all Members of the Houfe of Com^
mons incapable of places of truft or profit ; fo that every Mem-
ber that accepted a place, fhould be expelled the Houfe, and
be incapable of being chofen again, to fit in the current Parlia-
ment. The truth was, it came to be obferved, that fome got
credit by oppoflng the Government ; and that to filence them,
they were preferred : And then they changed their note, and
were as ready to flatter, as before to find fault. This gave a
fpecious colour to thofe, who charged the Court with dcfigns
of corrupting Members, or at leaft of flopping their mouths by
places and penfions. When this Bill was fet on, it went through
the Houfe of Commons vidth little or no difficulty : Thofc who

Vol. IL E c were

1 o6 The History of the Reign

1693 were in places, had not ftrength and credit to make great op-
^^.^(^"'^r-^'^ pofition to it, they being the perfons concerned, and looked on
as Parties : And thofe who had no places, had not the courage
to oppofe it ; for in them it would have looked as ari art to
dude M°em- rccommend themfelves to one. So the Bill pafled in the Houfe
bers of Par- of Commons : but it was rejeded by the Lords ; fince it fecmed
fiomTiaces- to cftablifli an oppofition between the Crown and the People,
as if thofe who were employed by the ont, could not be trufted
by the other.
Another for When this failed, another attempt was made in the Houfe
PaTiiiment ^f Lords ; in a Bill that was offered, enaAing, That a Seffion
6f Parliament fhould be held every year, and a new Parliament
be fummoned every third year, and that the prefent Parliament
Ihould be diffolved within a limited time. The Statutes, for
Annual Parliaments in King Edward the firft, and King Edward
the third's time, are well known. But it is a queftion, whether
the fuppofition if need be falls upon the whole Aft, or only upon
thofe words, or oftner : It is certain thefe Ads were never ob-
ferved ; And the non-obfervance of them was never complained
df as a grievance. Nor did the famous Adt in King Charles
the firft's time, carry the neceffity of holding a Seffion further,
than to once in three years. Antiently, corifidering the hafte and
hurry in which Parliaments fat, an annual Parliament might
be no great inconvenience to the Nation : Biit by reafon of the
flow methods of SefTions now, an annual Parliament in times of
peace would become a very infupportable grievance. A Par-
liament of a long continuance, feemed to be very dangerous,
either to the Crown, or to the Nation : If the conjundure, and
their proceedings, . gave them much credit, they might grow
very uneafy to the Crown, as happened in King Charles the firft's
'tkne ; Or in another fituation of affairs, they might be foprac-
tifed upon by the Court, that they might give all the money, and
ail the liberties of England up, when they were to have a large
fhar^ of the money, and were to be made the inftruments of Ty-
ranny ; as it was in King Char hi the fecond's time. It was like-
wi^ hoped, that frequent Parliaments would put an eiftd to the
greatt -ej^pence Candidates put themfelves to in Elediohs ; and
that it would oblige the Members to behave themfelves fo
well, both with relation to the Publick, and in their private de-
pbrtmetit, as to recommend them to their Eledors^ at three
years end : Whereas when a Parliament was to fit many years,
Members covered with Privileges were apt to take great liberties, for-
"- got that they reprefented others, and took care only of themfelves.
S^it Was- thought, th&t EnglaTfd wouW have a truer Reprefen-
fiiav/ ' -J ii Ai tative,

ofK.WiLLiAu and %Maky. 107

tative, when it was chofen anew every third year, than when it 1693
run on to the end of a Reign. All that was obje^fled againft ^y'^^r*^
this was, that frequent Eled:ions would make the Freeholders
proud and infolent, when they knew that applications muft bfe
made to them at the end of three years : This would eftablifh
a Fadtion in every body, that had a right to an EleAion ; And
whereas now an Election put men to a great charge all at once,
then the charge muft be perpetual all the three years, in laying
in for a new Eledion, when it was known how foon it muft
come round. And as for the diflblution of the prcfent Parlia-
ment, fome were for leaving it to the general triennial claufc,
that it might ftill fit three years ; They thought that, during fo
eritical a War, as that in which we were now engaged, it was
not advifable to venture on a new Eledion ; fince we had ib
many among us, who were fb ill affeded to the prcfent Efta-
blifhment : yet it was faid, this Parliament had already fat three
years ; and therefore, it was not confiftent with the general
reaibn of tlie A61, to let it continue longer. So the Bill pafled
in the Houfe of Lords : And tho* a Bill from them, dif^lving
a Parliament, ftruck only at the Houfe of Commons, the Lords
being ftill the f^me men ; fo that, upon that fingle account,
many thought they would have rejedled it, yet they alfb paffed
it, and fixed their own diflblution to the twenty fifth of March
in the next year ; So that they referved another Seffion to them-
felves. The King let the Bill lie for fome time on the Table ;
So that mens eyes and expeftations were much fixed on the ifllie
of it. But in conclufion, he refufed to pafs it ; So the SefiioQ
ended in ill humour. The rejedling a Bill, tho' an unqueftioini-
able right of the Crown, has been fo feldom pra6tifed, that th^
twoHoufes are apt to think it ahardfhip, when there is a.BiH«
denied. . ^

But to foften thediftafte this might otherwife'giv^i the King a Change
made confiderable alterations in his Miniftry. All. people were 1^"^^^ ^'*
now grown weary of the Great Seal's being in Commiflion ;
It made the proceedings in Chancery, to be both more dilatory,
and more expenfive : And there were fuch exceptions made, tO
the Decrees of the Commiflioners, that Appeals were brought "^^ '

againft moft of them, and generally they were revferfed. Si?
^ohn Somers had now got great reputation, both in his Poft of
Attorney General, and in the Houfe of Commons ; So the King
gave him the Great Seal. He was very learned in his own ProfeP^
Son, with a great deal more Learning in other Profeflions, iii
Divinity, Philofophy, and Hiftory. He had a great capacity fot
bufinefs, with an extraordinary temper v for he was fair- and

gentle,

io8 The HistoRV of the Reign

1693 gentle, perhaps to a fault, confidering his Poft. So that he ha<i
^-^'''V"'''*-' all the patience and foftnefs, as well as the juftice and equity,
becoming a great Magiftrate. He had always agreed in his no-
tions with the Whigs; and had ftudied to bring them to better
thoughts of the King, and to a greater confidence in him.
Trenchard was made Secretary of State : He had been engaged
far with the Duke of Monmouth^ as was told formerly. He got
out of England J and lived fome years beyond Sea, and had a right
underftanding of affairs abroad : He was a calm and fedate
man; and was much more moderate, than could have been
expeded, fince he was a leading man in a party. He had too
great a regard to the Stars, and too little to Religion. The
bringing thefe men into thofe Pofts, was afcribed chiefly to the
great credit the Earl of Sunderland had gained with the King ;
He had now got into his confidence, and declared openly for
the Whigs. Thefe advancements had a great effeft on the
whole party : and brought them to a much better opinion of
the King. A young man, Mr. Montague, a branch of the Earl
of Manchejler\ family, began to make a great figure in the
Houfe of Commons. He was a Commiflioner of the Treafury,
and foon after made Chancellor of the Exchequer. He had
great vivacity and clearnels, both of thought and exprefiion :
His fpirit was at firft turned to Wit and Poetry, which he con-
tinued ftill to encourage in others, when he applied himfelf to
more important bufincfs. He came to have great notions, with
relation to all the concerns of the Treafury, and of the Publick
Funds, and brought thofe matters into new and better methods :
He fliewed the error of giving money upon remote Funds, at a
vaft difcount, and with great premiums to raife Loans upon
them ; which occafioned a great out-cry, at the fums that were
given, at the fame time that they were much fhrunk, before they
produced the money, that was expeded from them. So he
prefled the King to infill on this as a maxim, to have all the
money for the fervice of a year, to be raifed within that year.
Faaions But as the employing thefe men had a very good effed: on

**"-"ft^th ^^ King's affairs, fo a party came to be now formed, that ftu-
Court. died to crofs and defeat every thing ; This was led by Sehnour
and Mufgrave. The laft was a Gentleman of a noble family in
Cumberland, whofe life had been regular, and his deportment
grave. He had loft a place in King yamess time : for tho' he
was always a high Tory, yet he would not comply with his
defigns. He had indeed contributed much to increafe his re-
venue, and to offer him more than he asked ; yet he would
not^ into the taking off the Tefts. Upon the Revolution,
.''r the

ofK. Wi L L I A M and ^ M a r y. 109

the placQ out of which he had been turned, was given to a 1693
man, that had a good fhare of merit in it. This alienated him '-^'"v^^*^
from the King ; And he, b-^ing a man of good judgment, and
of great experience, came to be confidered as the Head of the
Party ; in which he found his account fo well, that no offers
that were made him, could ever bring him over to the King's
Interefts. Upon many critical occasions, he gave up fome im-
portant points, for which the King found it neceflary to pay
him very liberally.

But the Party of the Tories was too inconfiderable to have
raifed a great oppolition, if a Body of Whigs had not joined
with them \ Some of thefe had fuch Republican notions, that
they were much fet againft the Prerogative : And they thought
the King was become too ftiff in maintaining it : Others were
offended, becaufe they were not confidered nor preferred, as
they thought they deferved. The chief of thefe were, Mr. Paul
Foley and Mr. Harley ; The firft of thefe was a younger fon
of one, who from mean beginnings had, by Iron Works, raifed
one of the greateft eftates, that had been in England in our
time. He was a learned, tho' not a pradiiing Lawyer ; and
was a man of vertue, and good princi||les, but morofe and wil-
ful : And he had the affedation of pafling for a great Patriot,
by his conflant ifinding fault with the Government, and keeping
up an ill humour, and a bad opinion of the Court. Harley
was a man of a noble family, and very eminently learned ;
much turned to Politicks, and of a reftlefs Ambition. He was a
man of great induftry and application ; and knew forms, and
the Records of Parliament fo well, that he was capable both of
lengthening out, and of perplexing debates. Nothing could
anfwer his afpiring temper : So He and Foley joined with the
Tories to create jealoulies, and raife an oppolition : They
foon grew to be able to delay matters long ; and fet on
foot fome very uneafy things, that were popular ; fuch as the
Bill againft Parliament men's being in places, and that for dif-
folving the ParHament, and for having a new one every third
year.

That which gave them much ftrength was, the King's cold
and referved way; He took no pains to oblige thofe that came
to him ; nor was he eafy of accefs ; He lived out of Town at
Kenfington ; And his chief Confidents were Dutch. He took
no notice of the Clergy, and feemed to have little concern in

I the matters of the Church, or of Religion : And at this time
fome Atheifts and Deifts, as well as Socinians, were publilhing
Books againft Religion in general, and more particularly againft
Vol. II. F f the

no The HistORY of the Reign

1693 the Myfteries of our Faith. Thefe expreffed great zeal for the
\j.'*v""'*>j Government : which gave a handle to thofe, who were waiting
for all advantages, and were careful of increaling and improv-
ing them, to fpread it all over the Nation, that the King, and
thofe about him, had no regard to Religion, nor to the Church
of England.

But now I go on to the tranfadlions of this Summer : The King
had, in his Speech to the Parliament, told them, he intended
to land a confiderable Army in France this year. So after the
SefTion, Orders were given for hiring a Fleet for Tranfports,
with fo great a train of Artillery, that it would have ferved an
Army of forty thoufand men : This was very acceptable to the
whole Nation, who loved an adive War ; and were very uneafy
to fee fo much fhoney paid, and fo little done with it : But all
Affairs in ^}^-g -y^^^nt ofF without any effe£t. The French had attempted this

Flanders. . ,«. r -m • r 1 1 1 r r

Wmter the Siege ot Rhinjeldt^ a place 01 no great conlequence.
But it lay upon the Rhiney not far from Coblentz ; And by it
Franconia would have been open to them. They could not cut
off the communication by the Rhine : fo that frefh fupplies of
■ men and providons were every day fent to them, by the care of the
Landgrave of Hejfe, who*'managed the matter with fuch fuccefs,
that nfter a fortnight's ftay before it, the French were forced to
raife the Siege ; which was a repulfe, fo feldom given them, that
upon it fome (aid, they were then fure, Louvoywdi^ dead. The
French- had alfo made another attempt upon Huy^ of a fhorter
continuance, but with the like fuccefs. The Campaign was
opened with great Pomp in Flanders : for the King of France
came thither in perfon, accompanied by the Ladies of the Court,
which appeared the more ridiculous, fince there was no Queen
at the head of them ; unlefs Madam de Maintenon was to be
taken for one, to whom refpefts were indeed paid with more
fubmiflion, than is commonly done to Queens ; fo that what
might be wanting in the outward ceremony, was more than
ballanced by the real authority that fhe had. It was given out,
that xh^ KiagQ^ France, after he had amufed the King for fome
days, intended to have turned either to Brujfels on the one
hand, or to Liege on the other. In the mean while xht French
were working on the Dutch, by their fecret pradices, to make
them hearken to a feparate Peace ; And the ill humour that had
appeared in the Parliament of £;^^/«W againft them, was an ar-
gument much made ufe of, to convince them how little ground
they had, to tru ft to their Alliance ^ff'wh England : So that, as
'French practices had r^ifed this ill humour among us, they made
now this ufe of it, to break our mutual confidence, and by con-

fequence

of K. William and %Mar y. i i i

;fequence our Alliance with the States. The King made great 1693
hafte, and brought his Army much fooner together, than the l<^^''^*5;>j
French expe6led : He encamped at Park near Louvain ; by
which he broke all the French meafurcs : for he lay equally
well ported to relieve Brujfelsy or Liege. It was grown the
more neceflary to take care of Liege ; becaufe tho' the Biifhop
was true to the Allies, yet there was a fadion formed, among the
Capitulars, to offer themfclves to the French ; But the Garrifoh
adhered to the Bifhop ; And now, when fo great an Army lay
near them, they broke the meafures which that faction had
taken. The French King, feeing that the pradices of treachery,
on which he chiefly relied, fuccceded fo ill, refolved not to ven-
ture himfclf in any dangerous enterprize ; lb he and the Ladies
went back to Verfailles.

The Dauphin, with a great part of the Army, was fent to Affairs in
make head againft the Germans^ who had brought an Army '*** ^™P"'*
together, commanded by the Eledlor of Saxony, the Landgrave
oi Hejfe, and the Prince of Baden : The Germans moved flowly,
and were retarded by fome difputes about the Command : So
that the French came on to Heidelberg, before they were ready
to cover it : The Town could make no long refiftance ; But it
was too foon abandoned by a timorous Governor. The French
were not able to hinder the conjundion of the Germans, tho'
they endeavoured it ; They advanced towards them.* And tho*
the Dauphin was much fuperior in numbers, and (ludied to
force them to adion, yet they kept clofe ; and he did not think
fit to attack them in their Camp. The French raifed gre^t
contributions in the Wirtemberg ; But no adlion happened on
the Rhijte all this Campaign. The French had better fuccels
and lefs oppofition in Catalonia : They took Rofes, and ad-
vanced to Barcelona, expeding their Fleet, which was to have
bombarded it from the Sea, while their Army attacked it by
Land : This put all Spain under a great confternation ; The
defign of this Invafion was, to force them to treat of a feparate
Peace ; while they felt themfelves fo vigoroufly attacked, and
faw that they were in no condition to refift.

Affairs in 'Piedmont gave them a fealbnable relief : The Duke Affairs in
of Savoy's motions were fo flow, that it feemed, both fides were "Piedmont.
refolved to lie upon the defenfive. The French were very weak
there, and they expected to be as weakly oppofed. But ifi the
end of July, the Duke began to move : And he obliged Cati-^
nat to retire with his fmall Army, having made him quit fome
of his Pofl^. And then he formed the Siege of St, Bridget, a
fort that lay above Pignerol, and, as was believed, might com-
mand

1 1 2 The History of the Reign

1693 mandit. After twelve days Siege, the French abandoned it, and
<-<^*v"""'5>J he was mafter of it. But he was not furniflied for imdcrtakino;
the Siege of Pigmrol : And fo the Campaign went off in
Marches and Countermarches : But in the end of it, Cati?jat<t
having increafed his Army by fome detachments, came up to
the Duke of Savoy. They engaged at Orbaffon^ where the ho-
nour of the adion, but with that the greateft lofs, fell to the
French : for tho' they carried it by their numbers, their bodies
being lefs fpent and fuller, yet the refiftance that was made,
was fuch, that the Duke of Savoy gained more in his reputation,
than he fuffered by the lofs of the day.
The Battle The two Armies lay long in Flanders-y watching one another's
rALmden. motions, without coming to adion. In "July^ Luxemburgh
went to beliege Huy^ and carried it in two or three days. The
King moved that way, on defign either to raife the Siege, or to
force a Battle. Thofe in Huy did not give him time to come to
their relief ; And huxemburgh made a feint towards Liege., which
obliged the King to fend fbme Battallions to reinforce the
Garrifon of that Place. He had alfo fent another great detach-
ment, commanded by the Duke of Wirtemberg^ to force tlie
French Lines, and to put their Country under Contribution ;
which he executed with great fuccefs, and raifed above four
millions. Luxemburgh thought this was an advantage not to
be loft : So that, as foon as he had received Orders from the
King of France to attack the King in his Camp, He came up
to him near Landen^ upon the River Gitte. He was about
double the King's number, chiefly in Horfe. The King might
have fecured himfelf from all attacks, by paffmg the River :
And his condud in not doing it, was much cenfured, conftdering
his ftrength, and the Enemy's. He chofe rather to ftay for them ;
But feiit away the Baggage and heavy Cannon to Mechelen ;
and fpent the whole night in planting Batteries, and cafting up
Retrenchments. On the twenty ninth of July^ the French be-
gan their attack, early in the morning, and came on with great
refolution, tho' the King's Cannon did great execution : They
were beat off, with the lofs of many Ofiicers in feveral attacks :
Yet they came ftill on with frefti Bodies ; till at laft, after an
adion of feven or eight hours continuance, they broke through,
in a place where there was fuch a Body of German and Spanijh
Horfe, that the Army on no ftde was thought lefs in danger.
Thefe Troops gave way ; And fo the French carried the honour
6f the day, and were mafters both of the King's Camp and Can-
non : But the King paffed the river, and cut the bridges, and
lay fecure out of reach. He had fupported the whole adlion

with

ofK. Wi L L I A M and ^M a R v. ! i j

with fo much courage, and fo true a judgment, that it was 1693
thought, he got more honour that day, than even when he -<?^^"'«sJ
triumphed 2iX. \\\q Boyne : He charged himfelf in feveral place3.
Many were fliot round about him, with the Enemies Cannon i
One musket-fhot carried away part of his icarf, and another
went through his hat, without- doing him any harm. The
French loft fo many men, and fiiffered fo much, in the feveral
onfets they had made, that they were not able to purfue a Vic-
tory, which coft them fo dear. We loft in all about 7000 :
And among thefe, there was fcarce an Officer of note ; Only
the Count de Sobns had his Leg fliot off by a Cannon Ball, of
which he died in a few hours. By all the accounts that came
from France^ it appeared, tliat the French had loft double the
number, with a vaftly greater proportion of Officers. The
King's behaviour, during the Battle, and in the retreat, was
much magnified by the Enemy, as well as by his own fide.
The King of France was reported to have faid upon it, that
Luxemburgh\ behaviour was like the Prince of Conde\^ but the
King's like M. 'Turenne\. His Army was, in a few days, as
ilrong as ever, by recalling the Duke of Wirtemberg^ and the
Batalhons he had fent to Liege, and fome other Bodies, that he
drew out of Garrifons. And the reft of the Campaign paft over,
without any other adtion ; Only at the end of it, after the King
had left the Army, Charleroy was befieged by the French :
The Country about it had been fo eat up, that it was not pof- ^^'^''^r'\.
fible to fubfift an Army, that might have been brought to re- Trench.
licve it : The Garrifon made a brave refiftance, and held out
a month ; But it was taken at laft.

Thus the trench triumphed every where : But their fuccefles Attempts
were more than ballanced by two bad harvefts, that came fuc- peace,
ceffivcly one after another : They had alfo fuffered much in
their vintage ; fo that they had neither bread nor wine. Great
diligence was ufed to bring in Corn from all parts ; And ftri<St
Orders were given by that Court, for regulating the price of it ;
and for furnifiiing their Markets : There was alfo a liberal
diftribution ordered by that King, for the relief of the poor.
But mifery will be mifery ftill, after all poffible care to alleviate
it ; Great multitudes periflied for want, and the whole King-
dom fell under an cxtream poverty : So that all the pomp of
their Vi<5lorics could not make them eafy at home. They tried
all poffible methods for bringing about a general Peace j or if
that failed, for a feparate Peace with fome of the Confederates ;
But there was no difpofition in any of them to hearken to it ;
nor could they engage the Northern Crowns to ofter their me-
VoL. II. G g diation.

114 . The History of the Reign

,t6q3 dlation. Some fteps were indeed made; for they offered to

^-^'^^/""'^ acknowledge the prefent Government of England : But in all

other points, their demands were ftill fo high, that there was

no profped: of a juft Peace, till their affairs fhould have brought

them to an humbler pofture.

But while the Campaign, in all its fcenes, was thus unequal
Our Affairs ^^^j various, the French^ tho' much weaker at Sea, were the
moft fuccefsful there : And tho' we had the fuperior ftrength,
i. we were very unprofperous ; And by our ill condud; we loft

much, both in our honour and intereft, on that ElemejQt The
^ ^ great difficulty that the French were under in their Marine was,

by reafon of their two great Ports, Breji and Toulon ; and from
the bringing their Fleets together, and fending them back again.
The danger they ran in that, and the delays that it put them
under, were the chief occafions of their lofles laft year : But
thefe were, in a great meafure, made up to them now. We
were fending a very rich Fleet of Merchants Ships to the Me-
diterranean, which was valued at many millions ; Some of theie
had lain ready a year and a half, waiting for a Convoy, but were
ftill put off by new delays ; nor could they obtain one after
RuJfeTs Vidory, tho' we were then Mafters at Sea. They were
promifed a great one in Winter. The number of the Merchant
Ships did ftill increafe ; lb that the Convoy, which was at firft:
deiigned, was not thought equal to the riches of the Fleet,
and to the danger they might run by Ships, that might be fent
from Toulon to intercept them. The Court o{ France was watch-
ing this carefully : A Spy among the Jacobites gave advice, that
certain Perfons fent from Scotland to France., to fhew with how
fmall a force they might make themfelves Mafters of that King-
dom, had hopes given them for fome time ; Upon which feveral
military men went to Lancajljire and Northumberland., to fee
what could be expeded from thence, if commotions ftiould
happen in Scotland: But in February the French faid, they could
not do what was expedled ; And the Scotch Agents were told,
that they wrre obliged to look after the Smirna Fleet ; which
they reckoned might be of more confequence, than even the
carrying Scotland could be. The Fleet was ready in February^
But new excufes were again made ; For it was faid, the Convoy
muft be increafed to twenty Men of War ; Rook was to com-
mand it ; A new delay was likewife put in, on the pretence of
ftaying for advice from T'oulon^ whether the Squadron that was
laid up > there, was to lie in the Mediterranean tliis year, or to
come about to Breft. The Merchants were very uneafy under
thofe delays j fince the charge was like to eat up the profit of

the

ofK. William and %Mary. ti/

the Voyage : But no difpatch could be had ; and very probable 1693
reafons were oftered to juftify every new retardment. The ^-^'^'■'''>-'
French Fleet had gone early out of Toulon^ on defign to have
dcftroyed the Spanijh Fleet, which lay in the Bay of Puzzolo'x
But they lay fo fafe there, that the French faw they could not
fucceed in any attempt upon them ; Afterwards they ftood off
to the Coaft of Catalonia, to afTift their Army, which was mak-
ing fome Conquefts there. Yet thefe were only feints to amufe
and to cover their true defign. The Fleet at BreJ} failed away
from thence fo fuddenly, that they were neither compleatly
manned nor vi6tualled ; And they came to Lagos Bay in Ai-
garve. Tenders were fent after them, with the ncceflary Com-
plement of men and provifions; This fudden and unprovided
motion of the French Fleet looked, as if fome fecret advice had
been fent from England^ acquainting them with our defigns.
But at the Secretary's office, not only there was no Intelligence
concerning their Fleet, but when a Ship came in, that brought
the news of their having failed from Breji, they Were not be-
lieved. Our main Fleet failed out into the Sea, for fome leagues
with Rooky and the Merchant Ships : And when they thought
they were out of danger, they came back. Rook was unhappy
in that, which, upon any other occafion, would have been a >

great happinefs ; He had a fair and a ftrong gale of wind ; fo
that no advdce fent after him could overtake him: Nor did he meet -i-^--
with any Ships at Sea, that could give him notice of the dan-
ger that lay before him. He doubled the Cape of St. Vincent-,
and had almoft fallen in with the French Fleet, before he was
aware of it : He dreamed of no danger, but from the Toulon
Squadron, till he took a Fire-fhip ; 'Fhe Captain whereof en-
deavoured to deceive him, by a falfe fl:ory, as if there had been
only fifteen men of War lying at Lagos, that intended to join
DEJlrees : The Merchants were for going on, and believed
the information \ They were confirmed in this, by the diforder
the French feemed to be in ; for they were cutting their cables. The Tnrky
and drawing near the Shore. The truth was, when they faw great dan-
Rook\ Fleet, they apprehended, by their numbers, that theS^""-
whole Fleet of England was coming toward them : And indeed
had they come fo far with them, here was an occafion offered,
which perhaps may not be found again in an Age, of deftroying
their whole flrength at Sea. But as the French foon perceived
their error, and were forming themfelves into a Line ; Rook faw
his error likevvife, and flood out to Sea, while the Merchants
fled, as their fears drove them ; a great many of them flick-
ing flill clofe to him : Others failed to Cadiz, and fome got to

' Gi'

1 1 6 The History of the Reign" i

1693 Gibraltar: And inftead of purfuing their Voyage, put m
UJ''^/^"'^ there : Some Ships were burnt or funk, and a very fmall
number was taken by the French. They did not purfue Rooky
but let him fail away to the Maderas ; And from thence he
came, firft to Kinfak, and then into England. The French
tried what they could do upon Cadiz ; but found that it was
not practicable. They came next to Gibraltar, where the Mer-
chants funk their Ships, to prevent their faUing into their hands :
From thence they failed along the Coaft of Spain, and burnt
fome Englijh and Dutch Ships, that were laying at Malaga,
Alicant, and in fome other places. They hoped to have de-
ftroyed the Spanijh Fleet ; But they put in at Port Mahoncy
where they were fafe : At length, after a very glorious Cam-
paign, the French came back to Toulon : It is certain, if Tour-
mile had made ufe of all his advantages, and had executed the
defign, as well as it was projeded, he might have done us much
mifchief ; Few of our Men of War, or Merchant-men, could
have got out of his hands : The lofs fell heavieft on the Dutch :
The Voyage was quite loft ; And the difgrace of it was vifible
to the whole World, and very fenfible to the trading part of the
Nation.

The appearances were fuch, that it was generally furmifed,
loufiesofthe our Counfcls wcrc betrayed. The Secretary, that attended on the
Sflry.'^' Admirals, was much fufpeded, and charged with many things :
But the fufpicions rofe high, even as to the Secretary of State's
office. It was faid, that our Fleet was kept in port, till the
French were laid in their way, and was then ordered to fail,
that it might fall into their hands : Many particulars were laid
together, which had fuch colours, that it was not to be won-
dred at, if they created jealoufy , efpecially in minds fufficiently
prepared for it. Upon enquiry it appeared, that feveral of thofe,
who, for the laft two years, were put in the fubaltern employ-
ments, through the Kingdom, did upon many occalions fliew
a difaffedion to the Government, and talked and aded like E-
nemies. Our want of intelligence of the motions of tht Frenchy
while they feemed to know every thing that we either did, or
defigned to do, caft a heavy reproach upon our Minifters , who
were now broke fo in pieces, that they aded without union or
concert : Every one ftudied to juftify himfelf, and to throw the
blame on others : A good fhare of this was caft on the Earl of
Nottingham j The Marquifs of Caermarthen was much fufpeded :
The Earl of Rochejler began now to have great credit with the
Queen ; and feemed to be fo violently fet again ft the Whigs,
that they looked for dreadful things from him, if lie came again

of K. William and %Mar y* lij

to govern: For, bemg naturally warm, and apt to heat him- 1693
lelf in company, he broke out into Sallies, which were carried <-t^*N»J
about, and began to create jealoufies, even of the Queen her,
felf.

I was in fome fort anfwerable for this : For, when the Queen
came into England.^ fhe was fo poffefTed againft him, that he
tried all his Friends and Intereft in the Court, to be admitted
to clear himfelf, and to recover her favour, but all in vain ; for
they found her fo alienated from him, that no perfon would un-
dertake it. Upon that, he addreffed himfelf to me : I thought
that, if he came into the fervice of the Government, his relation
to the Queen would make him firm and zealous for it : And
I ferved him fo effectually, that the Queen laid afide all her re-
lentments, and admitted him, by degrees, into a high meafure of
favour and confidence. I quickly faw my error : And he took
pains to convince me effeftually of it : For he was no fooner
poflefied of her favour, than he went into an interefl, very dif-
ferent from what I believed he would have purfued. He talked
againft all favour to DifTenters, and for fetting up the notions of
Perfecution and Violence, which he had fo much promoted in
King Charles\ time, and profefled himfelf an enemy to the
prefent Bifhops, and to the methods they were taking, of preach-
ing and vifiting their Diocefes, of obliging the Clergy to attend
more carefully to their Fun<Sion>, and of endeavouring to gain
the Diffenters by gentle and calm methods.

The King had left the matters of the Church wholly in the "T^^ State of
Queen's hands. He found he could not refift Importunities, and Church.
which were not only vexatious to him, but had drawn prefer-
ments from him, which became foon to fee were ill beftowed :
So he devolved that care upon the Queen, which {he managed
with ftrid and religious prudence : She declared openly againft
the preferring of thofe, who put in for themfelves ; and took
care to inform herfelf particularly of the merits of fuch of the
Clergy, as were not fb much as known at Court, nor ufing any
methods to get themfelves recommended : So that we had rea-
fon to hope, that, if this courfe fhould be long continued, it would
produce a great change in the Church, and in the temper of the
Clergy. She confulted chiefly with the Archbifhop of Canter-
hury-, whom fhe favoured and fupported in a moft particular
manner. She faw what need there was of it : For a party was
formed againft him, who fet themfelves to cenfure every thing
he did. It was a melancholy thing to confider that, tho* we
never faw an Archbifhop before him, apply himfelf fo entirely,
without partiality or biafs, to all the concerns of the Church and

Vol. II. H h Re-

ii8 The History^ the Reign

1693 Religion, as he did; and that the Queeh's heart was fet on
u^^/'^J promoting them, yet fuch an evil fpirit fhould feem to be let
loofe upon the Clergy. They complained of every thing that
I was done, if it was not in their own way : And the Archbifhopi
bore the blame of all. He did not enter into any clofe corre-
fpondence, or the concerting meafures with the Miniftry, but lived
much abftraded from them : So they ftudied to deprefs • him
all they could. This made a great impreflion upon him. He
grew very uneafy in his great Poft : We were all foon convinced,
that there was a fort of Clergymen among us, that would never
be fatisfied, as long as the Toleration was continued : And they
feemed refolved to give it out, that the Church was in danger,
till a profecution of Diffenters fhould be again fet on foot : Nor
could they look at a man with patience, or fpeak of him with
temper, who did not agree with them in thefe things. The Bi-
fhops fell under the difpleafure of the Whigs, by the methods
they took, not only of proteding, but of preferring fome of thefe
men, hoping by that means both to have foftned them, and
their friends : But they took their preferments, as the rewards
that they fuppofed were due to their merit ; and they employed
the credit and authority which their preferments brought them,
wholly againft thofe to whom they owed them. The Whigs
were much turned againft the King ; and were not pleafed with
thofe who had left them, when they were fo violent in the begin-
ning of this Reign : And it was a hard thing, in fuch a divided
time, to relolve to be of no party, lince men of that temper are
pufhed at by many, and proteded by no fide. Of this we had
many inftances at that time : And I myfelf had fome very fen-
fible ones : but they are too inconfiderable to be mentioned.
In this bad ftate we were, when a Seflion of Parliament came on
with great appreheniions, occafioned by our ill fuccefs, and by
the King's temper, which he could no way conftrain, or render
more complaifant, but chiefly from the difpolition of mens
minds, which was pradlifed on with great induftry, by the ene-
mies of the Government, who were driving on Jealoufies daily.
Affairs in A Parliament had been fummoned in Ireland by the Lord
Sidney ; But they met full of difcontent, and were difpofed to
find fault with every thing : And there was too much matter to
work upon ; for the Lord Lieutenant was apt to excufe or juftify
thofe, who had the addrefs to infinuate themfelves into his fa-
vour : So that they were difmifled, before they brought their
Bills to perfedion. The Englijh in Ireland thought the Go-
vernment favoured the Irijh too much ; fome faid, this was the
effed of Bribery, whereas others thought, it was neeeffary to

keep

of k. Wi L L I A M and ^ M a R V. 119

keep them fafe from the profecutions of the Englijh^ who hated 1693
them, and were much fharpned againft them. The protecting u;''"v"'^>J
the Irifj was indeed in fome fort neceffary, to keep them from
breaking out, or from running over to the French : But it was
Very plain, that the Ir'tjh were Irifl) ftill, enemies to tlie Englijh
Nation, and to the prefent Government : So that all kindnels
fhevved them, beyond what was due in ftri6t juftice, was the
cherifhing an inveterate enemy. There were alfo great com-
plaints of an ill Adminiftration, chiefly in the Revenue, in the
pay of the Army, and in the embezzelling of Stores. Of thefe,
much noiie was made in England., which drew Addreflcs from
both Houles of Parliament to the King, which were very invi-
dioufly penned : Every particular being feverely aggravated. So
the King called back the Lord Sidney., and put the Government
of Ireland^ into three Lords Juftices ; Lord Capel^ Brother to the
Earl oi EJfex^ Sir Cyril Wyche, and Mr. Duncomb. When
they were fent ,from Court, the Queen did very earneftly re-
commend to their care, the reforming of many diforders, that
were prevailing in tliat Kingdom : For, neither hacS^ the late
deftrudive War, out of which they were but beginning to re- '
cover themfelves, nor their poverty, produced thofe effedls, that
might have been well expeded.

The ftate of Ireland leads me to infert here a very particular TheQuecn's
inftance of the Queen's pious care, in the difpofmg of Bifhopricks : fnd plllui
Lord Sidney was fo far engaged in the intereft of a great Fa- Defigns.
mily of Ireland, that he was too eafily wrought on, to recom-
mend a Branch of it to a vacant See. The reprefentation was
made with an undue charafter of the perlbn : So the Queen
granted it. But when fhe underftood, that he lay under a very
bad character, fhe wrote a letter, in her own hand, to Lord
Sidney, letting him know what fhe had heard, and ordered
him to call for fix Irijh Bifhops, whom fhe named to him, and
to require them to certify to her their opinion of that perfon :
They all agreed, that he laboured under an ill fame : And, till that
was examined into, they did not think it proper to promote
him ; fo that matter was let fall. I do not name the perfon ;
for I intend not to leave a blemifh on him : But fet this down
as an Example, fit to be imitated by Chriftian Princes.

Another effeft of the Queen's pious care of the Souls of her
people was finifhed this year, after it had been much oppofed,
and long ftopped. Mr. Blair, 3. very worthy man, came over
from Virginia, with a propofition for erecting a College there.
In order to which, he had fet on foot a voluntary Subfcription,
which arofe to a great Sum : And he found out fome branches

of

1 2 o The H t sToKY of t/je Reigrt

1693 of the Revenue there, that went all into private hands, without
^-^^^'*^^*'^>*' being brought into any publick account, with which a Free-
School and College might be well endowed. The EngliJJj born
there were, as he faid, capable of every thing, if they were pro-
vided with the means of a good education ; And a foundation
of this kind in Virginia^ that lay in the middle, between our
Southern and Northern Plantations, might be a common Nur-
fery to them all ; and put the people born there, in a way of
further improvement. Thofe concerned in the management of
the Plantations, had made fuch advantages of thofe particulars,
out of which the Endowment was to be raifed, that all poffible
objedions were made to the Proje6t, as a delign that would
take our Planters off from their mechanical employments, and
make them grow too knowing, to be obedient and fubmiflive.
The Queen was fo well pleafed with the delign, as apprehend-
ing the very good effedis it might have, that no objed:ion a-
gainft it could move her : She hoped, it might be a means of
improving her own people, and of preparing fome to propagate
the Gofpel among the Natives ; And therefore, as fhe efpoufed
the matter with a particular zeal, fo the King did very readily
concur with her in it. The Endowment was fixed, and the
Patent was palfed for the College, called from the Founders,
the William and Mary College.
Affairs in Affairs in Scotland grew more and more out of joint. Many
Scotland. ^i^Qj^ the King had trufted in the Miniftry there, were thought
enemies to Him and his Government ; and fome took fo little
care to conceal their incUnations, that, when an Invafion was
looked for, they feemed refolved to join in it. They were taken
out of a Plot, which was managed by perfwading many to take
Oaths to the Government, on defign to betray it ; and were
now trufted with the moft important Pofts. The Presbyterians
began to fee their error, in driving matters fo far, and in provok-
ing the King fo much ; And they feemed defirous to recover
his favour, and to manage their matters with more temper. The
King came likcwife to fee, that he had been a little too fudden
in trufting fome, who did not deferve his confidence. Duke
Hamilton had for fome years withdrawn from bufinefs ; But he
was now prevailed with to return to Council j Many Letters were
intercepted between France and Scotland: In thofe from Scot-
land^ the eafinefs of engaging that Nation was often repeated,
if no time were loft ; It leemed therefore neceflary to bring that
Kingdom into a better ftate.
A Seffion of A Seffion of Parliament was held there, to which Duke Ha-
there. " mtlton was fent as the King's Commiflioner ; The Supplies that

were

of K. Wi L L I A M and % M a r y. iz\

Were asked were granted; And now the whole Presbyterian 1693,
Party was again entire in the King's Intereft ; The matters of the i-<:?'v^>J
Church were brought to more temper, than was cxpeded : The
Epifcopal Clergy had more moderate terms offered them ; They
were only required to make an Addrefs to the General Aflembly,
offering to fublcribe to a Confeflion of Faitli, and to acknow-
ledge Presbytery to be the only Government of that Churcli,
with a promife to fubmit to it ; upon which, within a fortnight
after they did that, if no matter of fcandal was objeded to
them, the Affembly was cither to receive them into the Govern-
ment of the Church ; or, if they could not be brought to that,
the King was to take them into his protedion, and maintain
them in their Churches, without any depcndance bn thfe Piref-
bytery. This was a ftrain of Moderation, that the Presbyterians
were not eafily brought to; A Subfcription that owned Presby-
tery to be the only Legal Government of that Church, witliout
owning any Divine Right in it, was far below their ufual pre-
tenfions. And this Ad: vefted the King with an authority, very
Hkc that which they were wont to condemn as Rrajlianifm.
Another ad: was alfo paffed, requiring all in any Office in Church
or State, to take, befides the Oath of Allegiance, a Declaration
called the AJfurance^ owning the King and Queen to be their
rightful and lawful Sovereigns, and promifing Fidelity to them
againft King yames^ and all his Adherents. The Council was
alfo impowercd to tender thefe, as they ffiould fee caufe for it,
and to fine and imprifon fuch as fhould refufe them. When the
SefHon was near an end, Nevil Payne was brought before the
Parliament, to be examined, upon the many Letters that had
been intercepted. There was a full evidence againft him in
many of his own Letters ; But he fent word to feveral of the
Lords, in particular to Duke Hatnilton^ that as long as his Life
was his own, he would accufe none : But he was refolved he
would not die ; and he could difcover enough to deferve his
pardon. This ftruck fuch terror into many of them, whofe
Sons or near Relations had been concerned with him, that he
moving for a delay, on a pretence of fome witnefles that were
not then at hand, a time was given him beyond the continu-
ance of the Sefllon ; fo he efcaped, and that enquiry was ftifled :
The Seffion ended calmly. But the King feemed to have for-
got Scotland fo entirely, that he let three months go over, before
he took notice of any of their Petitions : And, tho' he had
asked, and had Supplies for an Augmentation of Forces ; and
many had been gained to confent to the Tax, by the hope of
CommiiTions in the Troops, that were to be levied ; yet the
Vol. II. I i King

122 The YLi ST OKY of the Reign ^

1693 King did not' raife any new ones, but raifed the Supply, and
^-^^^'V^^ijv^ applied it to other ufes : This began again to raife an ill humour,
that had been almoft quite laid down, in the whole courfe of this
Sefllon, which was thought a reconciling One. The Clergy let
the day prefixed, for making their fubmiffion to the Affembly,
flip, and did not take the Oaths ; fo they could claim no Bene-
fit by the Ad:, that had been carried in their favour, not without
fome difficulty. And the Law, that was intended to fave them,
did now expofe them to mine ; fince by it, they, not taking the
Oaths, had loft their Legal Rights to their Benefices. Yet they
were fuffered to continue in them, and were put in hope, that
the King would proted them, tho' it was now againft Law.
They were alfo made to believe, that the King did not defirc
that they fhould take the Oaths, or make any flibmiflion to
Presbytery : And it is certain, that no publick fignification of
the King's mind was made to them ; fo they were eafily impof-
ed on by furmizes and whifpers ; upon this the diftraidions grew
up afrefh. Many concluded there, as well as in Englandy that
the King's heart led him ftill to court his Enemies, even after all
the manifeft reafons he had to conclude, that the fteps they
made towards him were only feign'd Submiflions, to gain fuch
a Confidence, as might put it in their power to deliver him
up.

The Earl of Middletoun went over to France, in the begin-

Mddiltom "^^S °^ ^^^^ ^^^'^ * ^^^ ^^ ^^ believed, he was fent by a great
Went to body among us, with a Propofition, which, had he had the af-
ftirance to have made, and they the wifdom to have accepted,
might have much increafed our Faftions and Jealoufies. It
was, that King y antes fhould offer to refign his Title in fe-
vour of his Son, and likewife to fend him to be bred in Eng-
land, under the diredion of a Parhament, till he fhould be of
Age ; But I could never hear that he ventured on this advice ;
in another he fucceeded better. When King James thought the
Invafion from Normandy, the former Year, was fo well laid,
that he feemed not to apprehend it could mifcarry, he had pre-
pared a Declaration, of which fome Copies came over. He
promifed nothing in it, and pardoned no body by it. But he
fpoke in the ftile of a Conquerour, who thought he was Ma-
fier, and therefore would limit himfelf by no promifes, but fuch
as were conceived in general words, which might be afterwards
expounded at pleafure. This was much blamed, even by his ovm.
party, who thought that they themfelves were not enough fe-
cured by fo loofe a Declaration : fo the Earl of Middletoun, upon
his going over, procured one of another ftrain, which, as, far as

Words

^^. William and ^MhViY, 113

Words could go, gave all content: For he promifed every thing, 1693
and pardoned all perfons. His Party got this into their hands \ uj^'V*^
I faw a Copy of it, and they waited for a fit occauon to pub-
Hfh it to the Nation.

We were alfo at this time alarmed with a Negotiation, that the xhe Duke
Court of France was fetting on Foot at Madrid : They offered ^^^"^''"J^'
to reftore to the Crown of Spain all that had been taken from Spaniards.
it, fince the Peace of Munjier^ on condition that the Duke of
y^njou (hould be declared the Heir of that Crown, in default of
Iffue by the King : The Grandees of Spain, who are bred up to
a difregard and contempt of all the World befides thcmfelves, '

were inclinable to entertain this Propofition ; tho' they faw that
by fo doing, they muft lofe the Houfe of Aujiria, die Ele(9:or
of Bavaria, and many of their other Allies. But the King
himfelf, weak as he was, flood firm and intractable ; and feem-
ed to be as much fet on watching their conduft, as a man
of his low Genius could poffibly be. He refoived to adhere to
the Alliance, and to carry on the War ; tho' he could do little
more than barely refolve on it. The Spaniards thought of
nothing, but their Intrigues at Madrid; And for the manage-
ment of the War, and all their affairs, they left the care of that
to their Stars, and to their Allies.

The King came over to England in Nove?nber ; He faw the The Duke
necefTity of changing both his Meafures and his Miniflers ; He ?^ ^'^j'^'^^:
exprefTed his diflike of the whole conduct at Sea ; and named made Secre-
Rujfel for the Command of the Fleet next Year : He difmifTed^''^"^^"'''
the Earl of Nottingham, and would immediately have brought
the Earl of Shrewsbury again into the Miniftry : But when that
Lord came to him, he thought the King's Inclinations were flill
the fame, that they had been for fome Years, and that the turn,
which he was now making, was not from choice, but force ; So
that went off; and the Earl of Shrewsbury went into the Coun-
try : Yet the King foon after fent for him, and gave him fuch
alTurances, that he was again made Secretary of State, to the
general fatisfadion of the Whigs. But the perfbn, that had the
King's Confidence to the higheft degree, was the Earl of Sun-
derland, who, by his long experience and his knowledge of men
and things, had gained an afcendant over him, and had mwe
credit with him, than any Englijhman ever had : He had
brought the King to this Change of Councils, by the profpedt
he gave him of the ill condition his affairs were in, if he did
not entirely both trufl and fatisfy thofe, who, in die prefent
conjundure, were the only party, that both could and would
fupport him. It was faid, that the true fecret of this change of

meafures

114 The History of the Reign

1693 meafures was, that the Tories (ignified to the King plainly, that
Lx?'-v'^'!>J i^^j could carry on the War no longer, and that therefore he
muft accept of fuch a Peace, as could be had : This was the
moft pernicious thing that could be thought on, and the moft
contrary to the King's notions and defigns ; but they being po-
fitive, he was forced to change hands, and to turn to the othet
Party \ So the Whigs were now in favour again, and every thing
was done that was like to put them in good humour. The
CommifTion of the Lieutenancy for the City of London, on
which they had fet their hearts, much more perhaps than it
deferved, was fo altered, that the Whigs wete the fuperior
number ; and all other Commiflions over England were much
changed. They were alfo brought into many places of Truft
and Profit ; So that the King put his affairs chiefly into their
hands : Yet fo, that no Tory, who had expreffed zeal or affe-
ction for the Government, was turned out. Upon this, the
Whigs expreft new zeal, and confidence in the King. All the
Money that was asked, for the next Year's expence, was granted
very readily.
A Bank Among other Funds that were created. One was for conftf-

crefled, tuting a Bank, which occafioncd great debates : Some thought
a Bank would grow to be a Monopoly. All the Money of
England would come into their hands ; And they would in a
few years become the Mafters of the Stock and Wealth of the
Nation. Others argued for it : That the credit It would have,
muft increafe Trade and the circulation of Money, at leaft in
£ank Notes. It was vifible, that all the Enemies of the Go-
vernment fet themfelves againft it, with fuch k vehemence of
zeal, that this alone convinced all people, that they faw the
ftrength that our affairs would receive from it. I had heard
the Dutch often reckon up the great advantages they had from
their Banks ; And they concluded that, as long as England con-
tinued jealous of the Government, a Bank could never be fettled
among us, nor gain credit enough to fupport itfelf: And upon
that, they judged that the fuperiority in Trade muft ftill lie on
their fide. This, with all the other remote Funds that were
created, had another good effed: : It engaged all thofe, who
jvere concerned in them, to be, upon the account of their own
jlntereft, zealous for maintaining die Government ; fince it was
not to be doubted, but that a Revolution would have fwept all
thefe away. The advantages that the King, and all concerned
in Tallies, had from the Bank, were loon fo fenfibly felt, that
all people faw into the fecret reafons, that made the Enemies of

the

of K. William and ^Mary. i 2 j

the Conftitiition fet themfelves with (o much earneftncfs againft 1693
it. v-i?'^/-^*^

The enquiry iiito the conduft at Sea, particularly, with re- The Con-
lation to the Smirna Fleet, took up much time^ and held long; Jy^ofthe
Great exceptions were taken to the many delays ; by which it miocd.
feemed a train was laid, that they fhould not get out of our
Ports, till the French were ready to lie in their way, and inter-
cept them ; Our want of Intelligence was much complained of:
The Inftrudions that the Admirals, who commanded the Fleet,
had received from the Cabinet Council, were thought ill given,
and yet worfe executed ; Their Orders feem'd weakly drawn,
ambiguous, and defedlive : Nor had they fhewed any zeal in
doing more, than ftridly to obey fuch orders : They had very
cautioufly kept within them, and had been very careful never
to exceed them in a tittle : They had ufed no diligence to get
certain information, concerning the French Fleet, whether it
was ftill in Brejl^ or had failed out ; But in that important
matter, they had trufted general and uncertain reports too
eafiily : Nor had they failed with Rook^ till he was paft danger.
To all this their anfwer was, that they had obferved their Or-
ders ; They had reafon to think, the French were ftill in Br eft \
that therefore it was not fafe to fail too far from the Coaft of
England^ when they had ( as they underftood ) ground to be-
lieve, that they had left behind them a great Naval force, which
might make an imprefllon on our Coaft, when they were at too
great a diftance from it ; The getting certain Intelligence from
Brefty was reprefented as impradicable. They had many Ipe-
cious things to fay in their own defence, and many friends to
flipport them ; For it was now the bufinefs of one party to ac-
cufe, and of another to juftifie that condud. In conclufion,
there was not groimd fuflicient to condemn the Admirals ; as
they had followed their Inftrudions : So a Vote pafTed in their
favour. The reft of the bufinefs of the Seflion was managed
both with dexterity and fuccefs : All ended well, tho' a little too
late : for the Seflion was not finifhed before the end of April. '

Prince Lewis of Baden came this Winter to concert meafures
with the King : He ftayed above two Months in England, and
was treated with very fingular refpedls, and at a great expence.

The Tories began in this SefTion, to obftru«9: the King's Mea- 1 694
fures more openly than before ; The Earls of Rochefter and Not- c^^^v^w
tingham did it in the Houfe of Lords, with a pecuHar edge and The Go-
violence: They faw how great a reputation, the fair Admini- ^Y^™"'
ftration of Juftice by the Judges, and more particularly thatfemed;

Vol. II. K k Equity,

charged

126 The llisroKY of the Reign

1694 Equity, which appeared in the whole proceedings of the Court
L<^A/-''W of Chancery, gave the Government ; therefore they took all
occafions, that gave them any handle to refle<ft on thefe. We
had many fad declamations, fetting forth the Mifery the Nation
was under, in fo tragical a ftrain, that thofe who thought it
was quite othervvife with us, and that under all our taxes and
loffes, there was a vifible encreafe of the Wealth of the Nation,
could not hear all this without fome Indignation.
TheBi/hops The Bifhops had their fhare of ill humour vented againft
are heavily tj^^^i ; It was viiiblc to the wholc Nation, that there was ano-
ther face of ftridnefs, of humility and charity among them,
than had been ordinarily obferved before ; They viiited their
Diocefes more ; They confirmed and preached oftner, than any
who had in our memory gone before them : They took more
care in examining thofe whom they Ordained, and in looking
into the behaviour of their Clergy, than had been formerly
pradifed ; But they were faithful to the Government, and zea-
lous for it ; They were gentle to the Diffenters, and did not rail
at them, nor feem uneafy at the Toleration. This was thought
fuch a heinous matter, that all their other diligence was de-
fpifed ; And they were reprefented as men, who deiigned to un-
dermine the Church, and to betray it.

Of this, I will give one Inftance ; The matter was of great
importance ; and it occafioned great and long Debates in this,
and in the former SefTion of Parliament : It related to the Duke
of Norfolk, who had proved his Wife guilty of Adultery, and
did move for an A61 of Parliament, diflblving his Marriage, and
allowing him to marry again : In the later Ages of Popery,
when Marriage was reckoned among the Sacraments, an opinion
grew to be received, that Adultery did not break the Bond,
and that it could only entitle to a Reparation, but not fuch a dif-
folution of the Marriage, as gave the party, that was injured, a
right to marry again : This became the Rule of the Spiritual
Courts ; tho' there was no Definition made about it, before the
Council of Trent. At the time of the Reformation, a fuit of
this nature was profecuted by the Marquifs of Northampton:
The Marriage was diflblved, and he married a fecond time ;
But he found it neceffary to move for an Ad of Parliament,
to confirm this fubfequent Marriage : In the Reformation of the
Ecclefiaftical Laws, that was prepared by Cramner and others,
in King Kdward\ time, a Rule was laid down, allowing of a
fecond Marriage, upon a Divorce for Adultery. This matter
had lain afleep above an hundred years, till the prefent Duke of
Rutland, then Lord Roos, moved for the like liberty. At that

time

Debates

concerning

Divorce.

ofK. William and ^Mary* 127

time a fceptical and libertine fpirit prevailed, fo that fome began 1 694
to treat Marriage, only as a Civil Contrad:, in which the Parlia- ^-'•i''^'"'''*^
ment was at full liberty, to make what Laws they pleafed ; And
moft of King Charles\ Courtiers applauded this, hoping by this
dodlrine, that the King might be divorced from the Queen.
The greater part of the Bifhops, apprehending the confequencc
that Lord Roos\ Adl might have, oppofed every ftep that was
made in it ; tho' many of them were perfuaded, that in the
cafe of Adultery, when it was fully proved, a fecond Marriage
might be allowed. In the Duke of Norfolk^ cafe, as the Lady
v/as a Papift, and a bufy Jacobite, fo a great Party appeared for
her. All that favoured the Jacobites, and thofe who were
thought engaged in lewd Practices, efpoufed her concern with
a zeal that did themfelves little honour. Their number was
fuch, that no progrefs could be made in the Bill, though
the proofs were b\it too full, and too plain. But the main
quefhion was, whether, fuppofing the matter fully proved, the
Duke of Norfolk fhould be allowed a fecond Marriage : The
Bifliops were defired to deliver their opinions, with their rea-
fbns : All thofe, who had been made during the prefent Reign,
were of opinion, that a fecond Marriage in that cafe was law-
fill, and conformable, both to the Words of the Gofpel, and to
the Do6trine of the Primitive Church ; and that the contrary
opinion was ftarted in the late and dark Ages : But all the Bi-
fhops, that had been made by the two former Kings, were of
another opinion-, tho' fome of them could not well tell why
they were fo. Here was a colour for men, who looked at
things fuperficially, to obferve that there was a difference of
opinion, between the laft made Bifhops, and thofe of an elder
ftanding : from which they inferred, that we were departing
from the received Doctrine of our Church ; and upon that
topick, the Earl of Rochejier charged us very vehemently. The
Bill was let fall at this time ; Nor was the Difpute kept up, for
no Books were writ on the fubjed: of either fide.

The King went beyond Sea in May ; And the Campaign was The Cam-
opened foon after : The Armies of both fides came very near /r/^^^^
one another: The King commanded that of the Confederates,
as the Dauphin did the French : They lay between Brujfels
and Leige ; And it was given out, that they intended to be-
fiege Majlrkht ; The King moved toward Namur^ that he
might either cut off their provifions, or force them to fight ;
But they were refolved to avoid a Battle : So they retired like-
wife, and the Campaign paft over in the ordinary manner;
both of them moving, and watching one another. The King

fent

1 2 8 The History of the Reign

1694 fent a great Detachment to break into the French Countrey at
^^^(^""'y^^ "Pont Efperies : But tho' the Body he fent had made a great ad-
vance, before the French knew any thing of their march, yet
they fent away their Cavahy with fo much haft, and in fo con-
tinued a march, that they were pofleifed of the Pafs before the
Body, the King had fent, could reach it ; whereby they gainfcd
their point, tho' their Cavalry Riifered much. This delign
failing, the King fent another Body towards Huy^ who took
it in a few days : It was become more necef^ry to do this, for
the covering of Liege^ which was now much broken into fadtion ;
Their Bifliop was dead, and there was a great divifion in the
Chapter : Some were for the Eledior of Cologne^ and others were
for the Eleftor Palatine's, Brother : But that for the Ele<£lor of
Cologne was the ftronger party, and the Court 6f Rome judged
in their favour. The differences between that Court, and that
of V erf allies^ were now fo far made up, that the Bulls for the
Bifhops, whom the King had named to the vacant Sees, were
granted, upon the fubmiflion of all thofe, who had been con-
cerned in the Articles of 1682. Yet after all that Reconciliation,
the real Inclinations of the Court of Rome lay ftill towards the
Confederates : The Alliance that France was in with the Turk, was
a thing of an odious found at Rome. The taking of Huy cover-
ed Liiege ; So that they were both fafer and quieter. The Confe-
derates, efpecially the Englijh and the Dutch, grew weary of keep-
ing up vafl Armies, that did nothing elfe, but lay for fome Months
advantageoufly pofted, in view of the Enemy, without any Adion.
On the ^^ ^^^ Rhine, things went much in the ufiial manner; only

Rhiue. at the end of the Campaign, the Prince of Baden pafTed the
Rhine, and raifed great Contributions in Alface, which the
French fuffered him to do, rather than hazard a Battle. There
was nothing of any importance done on either fide in Pied-
mont \ Only there appeared to be fome fecret management be-
tween the Court of France, and that of Turin, in order to a
Peace : It was chiefly negotiated at Rome, but was all the while
denied by the Duke of Savoy.
And in In Catalonia, the Spaniards were beat off from fome Pofts,

Cata oma. ^^^ Gironne was taken ; nor was Barcelona in any condition to
have refifted, if the French had fet down before it The Court
oi Madrid felt their weaknefs, and faw their danger fo viiibly, that
they were forced to implore the Protedion of the Englijh Fleet :
The French had carried the beft part of their Naval Force into
the Mediterranean, and had refolved to attack Barcelona, both
by Sea and Land, at the fame time : And, upon their fuccefs
there, to have gone round Spain, deflroying their Coaft every

where.

of K. William and ^Mary. f 2^5)

where. All this was intended to force them to accept the offers 1694
the French were willing to make them ; But to prevent this, Uj^^V'^jJ
Ruff el was ordered to Tail into the Mc'diterraneany with a Fleet
of threefcote great Ships : He was fo long ftopt in his Voyage
by contrary Winds, that the French^ if they had puffued their
advantages, might have finiflied the Coriqueft of Catalonia ; But
they refolved riot to hazard their Fleet ; So it was brought back.
to Toulon^ long before Ruffd could get into the Mediterraneany
which was now left entirely to him. But it was thought, that
the French intended to make a fecond Attempt, in the end of
the year, aflbon as he fhould fail back to England : So it was
propcfed, that he might lie at Cadiz all the winter. This was
an affair of that importance, that it was long and much de-
bated, before i^ was refolved on. It was thought a dangerous ,
thing, to expole the beft part of our Fleet, fo much as it muft lay at a-
be, while it lay at fb great a diftance from us, that Convoys of '^'*'
Stores and Provifions might e^fily be intercepted : And indeed,
the Ships were fo low in their Provifions, when they came
back to Cadiz (the Veffcls that were ordered to carry them,
having been ftopt four months iti the Channel by contrary
winds) that our Fleet had not then above a fortnight's Vid:uals
on Board : Yet when the whole matter was thoroughly canvaft,
it was agreed, that our Ships might both lie fafe, and be well "^"^'T ;
tareened at Cadiz ; Nor was the difference in the expence, be-
tween their lying there, and in our own Ports, confiderable.
By our l}'ing there, the French were fhut within the Mediter-
ranean ; fo that the Ocean and their Coafts were left open to us.
They were in effeft fhut up within Toulon ; for they, having no
other Port in thofe Seas but that, refolved not tb venture abroad ;
So that now we Were MafterS of the Seas every where. Thefe
confiderations, determined the King to fend Orders to Ruffel,
to lie all the winter at Cadiz ; which produced very good ef-
fects ; The Fe?tetiam and the Great Duke had not thought fit
to oWri the King till then : A great Fleet of Stores and Am-
munitiftn, with iill other provifions for the next Campaign, came
fafe tb Cadiz : arid fome clean Men of War were fcnt out, in
exchange for others, which were ordered horrie.

But while we were very fortunate in our main Fleet, we
had not the like good fucccfs, in an attempt that was made c<» J^rS.
on Camaftt^ a fmall neck of Land that lies in the mouth of thfe
River of Brejl^ and Wbuld have commanded that River, if we
could have, made bur felves Mafters of it. Talmajh had farm-
ed the defign bf feizing on it ; He had taken care to be wdl
informed of every thing relating to it ; 6000 Men feemed to
t Vol. II. LI be

1,3:0 The History of the Reign

1694 be more than were neceflary for taking and keeping iti The
\i'(r'^C^^ defign, and the preparations for it, were kept fo fecret, tliat
there was not the leaft fufpicion of the Projedt, till the hiring
Tranfport Ships difcovered it. A proportion had been made
of this two years before to the Earl of Nottingham ; who, a-
mong other things, charged Ru^el with it, that this had been
laid before him, by men that came from thence, but that he
had negleded it : Whether the Frejich apprehended the defign
from that motion, or whether it was now betrayed to them, by
fome of thofe who were in the fecret, I know not : It is cer-
tain, that they had fuch timely knowledge of it, as put them
on their guard. The Preparations were not quite ready, by
the day that was fettled : And, when all was ready, they were
ftopt by a wefterly wind for fome time : So that they came
' ' -■- thither, a month later than was intended. They found the place
was well fortified by many Batteries, that were raifed in diffe-
rent Lines upon the Rocks, that lay over the place of Defcent :
And great numbers were there ready to dilpute their landing.
When our Fleet came fo near as to fee all this, the Council
of Officers were all againft making the attempt ; But Talmajb
had fet his heart fo much upon it, that he could not be di-
verted from it :
It tnifcar- He fancied, the men they faw were only a Rabble brought
"«<*• together to make a fhow, tho' it appeared very evidently, that

there were regular bodies among them, and that their numbers
were double to his. He began with a landing of fix hundred
men, and put himfelf at the head of them ; the men followed him
with great courage ; But they were fo expofed to the Enemies
Fire, and could do them fo little harm, that it quickly appear-
ed, it was needlefly throwing away the lives of brave men, to
perfift longer in fo defperate an undertaking. The greateft
part of thofe who landed, were killed, or taken prifon-
ers • And not above an hundred of them came back. Tal-
majh himfelf was fhot in the thigh, of which he died in a few
days, and was much lamented ; For he was a brave and ge-
nerous man, and a good Officer, very fit to animate and en-
courage inferior Officers and Soldiers ; But he was much too
apt to be difcontented, and to turn mutinous ; fo that upon the
whole, he was one of thofe dangerous men, that are capable
of doing as much mifchief, as good fervice. Thus that De-
iign mifcarried, which, if it had been undertaken at any time,
before the French were fo well prepared to receive us, might
have fucceeded j And muft have had great effedls,

, ... GUI'

ofK.WiLLtkU and <^ Mary. 131

Our Fleet came back to Plymouth ; and after they had fet the 1694
Land Forces afhore, being well furnifhed with Bomb-veilels and i-^^/"*<^
Ammunition, they were ordered to try what could be done oti The Frf«c*
the French Qqz!^; They lay firft before Dieppe, and burnt it^^a^i""""
almoft entirely to the ground ; They went next to Havre de
Grace, and deftroyed a great part of that Town : Dunkirk was
the place of the greateft Importance : So that attempt was long
purfued in feveral ways ; But none of them fucceeded. The{e
Bombardings of the French Towns foon fpread a Terror, a-
mong all that lived near the Coaft ; Batteries were every where
raifed, and the people were brought out to defend their Coun-
try ; But they could do us no hurt, while our Bombs at a
mile's diftance did great execution : The action feemed inhu-
man ; But the French, who had bombarded Genoa, without d
previous Declaration of War, and who had fo often put whole
Countries under Military Execution, even after they had paid
the Contributions, that had been laid on them (for which they
had protection given them) had no reafon to complain of this
way of carrying on the War, which they themfelves had firft
begun.

The Campaign ended every where, to the advantage of the Affairs io
Confederates, tho' no fignal fuccefles had happened to their ^^^^^'
Arms ; And this new fcene of adtion at Sea raifed the hearts of
our people, as much as it funk our Enemies. The War in
Turkjf, went on this year with various f\iccefs : The Venetians
mide themfelves Matters of the Ifle of Bcio, the richeft and the
beft peopled of all the Iflands in the Archipelago: Thofe of
that Ifland had a greater (hare of hberty left them, than any
Subje<9:s of the Ottoman Empire ; and they flouriflied accord-
ingly : The great Trade of Smirna, that lay fo near them, made
them the more conliderable : The Venetians fortified the Port,
but ufed the Natives worfe than the Turks had done: And
as the Ifland had a greater number of People upon it, than
could fubfift by the produdions within themfelves, and the Turks
prohibited all Commerce with them from Apa, from whence
they had their Bread ; the Venetians could not keep this Pof-
fefllon, unlefs they had carried off' the greateft part of the In-
habitants to the Morea, or their other Dominions, that wanted
People. The Turks brought their whole power at Sea toge-
ther, to make an attempt for recovering this Ifland : Two Ac-
tions happened at Sea, within ten days one of another ; In the
laft of which, tlie Venetians pretended they had got a great Vic-
tory : But their abandoning Scio, in a few days after, ftiewed
that they did not find it convenient to hold that Ifland, which

obliged

{ ^ i ' The Hist 6 r y of the Reign

1694 obliged them to keep a Fleet, at fuch a diftance from their
u?''V"''«/v.' other Dominions, and at a charge, which the keeping the Ifland
\ could not ballance. The T^urh fent, as they did every year,

- a great Convoy to Caminteck^ guarded by the Crim-Tartars :
The Polijh Army routed the Convoy, and became Matters of
all the Provifions ; But a fecond Convoy w^as ihore happy, and
got into the place; Otherwife it muft have been abandoned.
There was great diftradion in the Affairs of Poland : Their
Queen's intrigues with the Court of France, gave much jealou-
fy ; Their Diets were broke up in confulion j And they could
never agree fo far in the Preliminaries, as to be able by their
forms to do any bufinefs. In Tranfilvania, the Emperor had,
after a long Blockade, forced Giula to furrender ; So that the
Turks had now nothing in thofe parts, on the North of the
Danube^ but Temefwaer. The Grand Vizier came into Hun-
gary with a great Army, while the Emperor had a very fmall
one to oppofe him. If the T^^rij had come on refolutely, and if
the weather had continued good, it might have brought a fatal
reverfe on all the Imperial affairs, and retrieved all that the
Turks had loft. But the Grand Vizier lay ftill, while the Em-
peror's Army encreafed, and fuch rains fell, that nothing could
be done. The affairs of Turky were thus in great diforder :
The Grand Seignior died foon after : And his Succeffor in that
Empire save his Subiefts fuch hopes of Peace, that they were
calmed for the preient.
Attempts At the end of the Campaign, the Court of France flattered
' their People with hopes of a fpeedy end of the War : And
fome men of great conlideration were fent to try, what terms
they could bring the Empire or the States to : But the French
were yet far from offering conditions, upon which a juft or
a fafe Peace could be treated of : The States fent fbme, as far as
to Mafiricht, to fee what Powers, thofe fent from France, had
brought with them ; before they would grant them the Paff-
ports, that they defired : And when they faw how Hmited thefe
were, the Negotiation was foon at an end ; or rather, it never
began. When the French faw this, they difowned their hav-
irig fent any on fuch an errand ; And pretended, that this was
only an artifice of the Confederates, to keep one another and
their people in heart, by making them believe, that they had
now only a fmall remnant of the' War before them, fince the
French had Inftruments, every where at work, to follicit a Peace.
AS (Ton of '^^^ King came to England in the beginning of November y
Parliament. And the Parliament was opened with a calmer face, than had
appeared in any Seffion during this Reign : The Supplies that
* . , were

of K,W It hi Au and % MarV. 135

were demanded, the total amounting to five Millions, were all 1694
granted readily : An ill humour indeed appeared in fome, who u?''V"'«*a
oppoled the Funds, that would moft eafily and moft certainly
raife the money that was given, upon this pretence, that fuch
Taxes would grow to be a general Excife ; ind that the more ,
eafily money was raifed, it would be the more eafy to continue
fuch Duties to a longer period, if not for ever ; the truth was,
the fccret Enemies of the Government propofed fuch Funds, as
would be the heavieft to the people, and would not fully an-
fwer what they were eftimated at ; that fo the Nation might be
uneafy under that load, and that a conftant Deficiency might
bring on fuch a Debt, that the Government could not dif-
charge, but mud fink under it.

"With the Supply Bills, as the price or bargain for them, tht An Aa for
Bill for frequent Parliaments went on ; It enaded, that a new Pa^u "'

amentu

Parliament lliould be called every third year, and that the pre-
fent Parliament iiiould be diflblved before the Firji of yanuary
1695-6 i And to this, the Royal Aflent was given: It was re-
ceived widi great Joy, many fancying that all their other Laws
and Liberties were now the more fecure, fihce this was pafled
into a Law. Time muft tell what effects it will produce ; whe-
ther it will put an end to the great Corruption, with which
Eledions were formerly managed, and to all thofe other prac-
tices that accompanied them. Men that intended to fell their own
Votes within doors, fpared no cdft to buy the Votes of others irt
Eledions: But now it was hoped we fhould fee a Golden Age,
wherein the charader men were in, and reputatiori they had,
would be die prevailing confiderations in Eledions : And by'
this means it was hoped, that our Conftitution, in particular
that part of it, which related to the Houfe of Commons, would i

again recover both its ftrength and reputation ; which was nowj
very much funk ; for Corruption was fo generally fpread, that
it was believed every thing was carried by that method. '

But I am now coming towards the fatal period of this Book. The Queen'*
The Queen continued ftill to fet a great Example to the wholef Adminiftra-
Nation, which fhined in all the Parts of it. She ufed all pofll-
ble methods for reforming whatever was amifs : She took La-
dies off from that Idlenefs, which not only wafted their time,^
but expofed them to many temptations ; She engaged many both
to read and to work ; fhe wrought many hours a day her felf,
with her Ladies and her Maids of Honour working about her,
while one read to them all ; The Female part of the Court
had been, in the former Reigns, fubjedl to much cenfure ; And
there was great caufe for it ; But fhe freed her Court fo en-
VoL. II. Mm tirely

1 3 4 The History of the Re^n ^^

1 694. tircly from all fufpicion, that there was not fo much- as a co-
ij^'^^^V"'^^ lour for difcourfes of tliat fort ; She did divide hex Time fo re-
gularly, between lier clafet and builnefs, her work and diver-
fion, that every minute feemed to have its proper employment :
She exprefTed fo deep a fenie of Religion, with fo true a regard
to it ; She had fuch right principles and juft notions ; And her
deportment was fo exa^ in every part of it, all being natural
and unconftrained, and animated with due life and cheerful-
nels ; She confidered every thing that was laid before her (o
carefully, and gave fuch due encouragement to a freedom of
Speech : She remembred every thing fo exadlly, ob&rving at the
fame time the clofeft refervednefs, yet witk an open air and
franknefs : She was fo candid in all ihe faid, and cautious in
^ every promife fhe made ; And notwithftanding her own great

capacity, fhe exprefled fuch a diftruft of her own thoughts, and
was fo entirely refigned to the King's judgment, and fo con-
ftantly determined by it, that when I laid all thefe things toge-
ther, which I had large opportunities to obferve, it gave a very
plealant profped:, to ballance the melancholy view, that rofc
from the ill poflure of our affairs, in all other refpe<a:s. It
gave us a very particular joy, when we faw, that the perfon,
wliofc condition feemed to mark her out as the Defender and
Perfeder of our Reformation, was fuch in all refpeds in her
publick Adminiflration, as well as in her private deportment,
that fhe feemed well fitted for accomplifliing that work, for
which we thought fhe was born : But we foon faw this hope-
ful view blafted, and our expedations difappointed in the lofs
of her.
Arcbbifhop It was prccecdcd by that of Archbifhop Tillotfon ; who was
^f'ii/otfoii's (-aleen ill of a fit of a dead Palfy in November, while he was in
the Chapel at Whitehall, on a Sunday, in the Worfliip of God :
He felt it coming on him ; but not thinking it decent to inter-
rupt the Divine Serviee, he ncgleftcd it too long ; till it fell io
heavily on him, that all remedies were ineffectual : and he died
the fifth day after he was taken ill. His diflemper did fo op-
•"' prefs him, and fpeaking was fo uneafy to him, that tho' it ap-
peared, by figns and other indications, that his Underflanding
remained long clear, yet he was not able to exprefs himfelf, fo
as to edify others. He feemed ftill ferene and calm ; And in
broken words he faid, He thanked God, he was quiet within,
apid had nothing then to do, but to wait for the Will of Hea-
ven. I preached his Funeral Sermon, in which I gave a Cha-
racter of him, which w^as fo feverely true, that I perhaps kept too
n^jlf]^ v\^|:j[jni|i, boifnc^^j, and feid- kfs than he delerved. But v/e

of K. William and ^Mary* ijy

had lived in fuch friendfliip together, that I thought it was more 1 694
decent, as it always is more fafe, to err on that liand : He was ^-'^'^'"''^.
the man of the trueft judgment, and beft temper, I had ever
known: He had a clear head, witli a mod tender and com-
paflionate heart ; He was a faithful and zealous friend, but a
gentle and foon coiiqucred enemy ; He was truly and ferioufly
reHgbus, but without affectation, bigottry, or fuperftition ; His
notions of Morality were fine and fublime ; His thread of
Reafoning, was eafy, clear, and folid 5 H<: was not only the
beft Preacher of the age, but itemed to have brought
Preaching to perfcdion ; His Sermons were fo well heard and
liked, and (b mucli read, that all the Nation propofed him as
a Pattern, and ftudicd to copy after him ; His parts re-
mained with him clear and unclouded ; But the perpetual Slan-
ders, and other ill ufage he had been followed with, for many
years, moft particularly lince his advancement to that great
Poft, gave him too much trouble, and too deep a concern;
It could neither provoke him, nor fright him from his duty ;■
But it affected his mind fo much, that this was thought to have
fbprtned his days. c r! •:

Sancroft had died a year before, in the fame poor and def- sancrofi'i
picable manner, in which he had lived for fome years ; He died Dfeath.
in a iUte of Separation from the Church ; And yet he had not
the courage to own it in any publicic declaration : For neither
living nor dying, did he publifti any thing concerning it : His
Death ought to hav"e put an end to the Schifm, that fome were
endeavouring to raife ; upon this pretence, that a Parliamentary
Deprivation was never to be allowed, as contrary to the intrin-
lick Power of the Church ; And therefore they looked on San-
croft as the Archbifhop ftill, and reckoned THlotfon an Ufurper ;
And all that joined with him were counted Schiftnaticks ; They
were willing to forget, as fome of them did plainly condemn,
the Deprivations made in the prc^rels of the Reformation, more
particularly, thofe in the firft Parliament of Queen Elizabeth'^
Reign, and the Deprivations made by the A(3: of Uniformity in
the year 1662: But from thence, the Controverly was carried
up to the Fourth Century; And a great deal of angry reading was
brought out on both fides, to juftify, or to condemn thofe pro-
ceedings. But arguments will never have the better of intereft
and humour; Yet now, evpn according to their own preten-
fions, the Schifm ought to have ceafed ; fince he, on whole
account it was fet up, did never afTert his right ; and therefore
that might have been more juftly conftrued a tacit yielding it :
But thofe who have a mind to embroil Church or State, will

never

136 The History of the Reign

1693 never want a pretence, and no Arguments will beat them
«^<^^~v-''^ from it.

^fenifon "■ Botli King and Queen were much affedled with Tillotfons
fucceeded. clcath : The Queen for many days fpoke of him, in the tender-
eft manner, and not without tears ; He died fo poor, that if the
King had not forgiven his Firft Fruits, his debts could not have
been- all payed: So generous and charitable was he in a Poft,
out of which Bancroft had raifed a great Eftate, which he left
to his Family: But T'illotfon was rich in good works. His See
was filled by Tenifon, Bifhop of Lincoln , Many wifhed that
Stillingfleet might have fucceeded, he being not only fo eminent-
ly learned, but judged a man in all refpefts fit for the Poft.
The Queen was inchned to him, fhe fpoke with fome earneft-
nels, oftner than once, to the Duke of Shrewsbury on that
fubjed : She thought, he would fill that Poft with great dig-
nity : She alfo preffed the King earneftly for him : But as his ill
health made him not capable of the fatigue that belonged to
this Province: So the Whigs did generally apprehend, that both
his notions and his temper were too high ; and all concurred to
defire 'Tenifon^ who had a firmer health, with a more a<51:ive
t'\\?'"<=«- temper ; and was univerfally well liked, for having ferved the
•■'•-■' Cure of St. Martins, in the ivorft time, with fo much courage-
and difcretion ; So that at this time he had many Friends, and'
no Enemies. ; n;>i;j::.-b-i> ..■. //uq ■■r.L :u :; iv::

The Small Pox raged "this winter about X<7;ft/(?« ; Some thou-
fands dying of them ; wliich gave us great apprehenfions, with
relation to the Queen ; for fhe had never had them.
The Queen's In conclufiou, fhe was taken ill, but the next day that feem-
Sicknefs. gjj ^.Q gQ Q£f . J )^^^ ^)^q houour to bc half an hour with her that
day : And fhe complained then of nothing. The day follow-
ing, fhe went abroad ; But her illnefs returned fo heavily on her,
that fhe could difguife it no longer : She fhut her felf up long
in her Clofet that night, and burnt many Papers, and put the
reft in order: After that, fhe ufed fome flight remedies, think-
ing it was only a tranfient indifpofition ; But it encreafed upon
her; And within two days after, the Small Pox appeared, and
with very bad Symptoms. I will not enter into another's Pro-
vince, nor fpeak of matters fo much out of the way of my
own ProfefTion : But the Phyficians part was univerfally con-
demned, and her death was imputed to the negligence or
unskilfulnefs of Dv. Ratcliffe. He was called for; and it ap-
peared, but too evidently, that his Opinion was chiefly confi-
dered ; and was moft depended on. Other Phyficians were
afterwards called; But not till it was too late. The King was
2 ftruck

^A^.WiLLiAM and ^Mary; 137

ftruck with this beyond exprelTion ; He came, on the fccond 1 694
day of her illnefs, and pafled the Bill for frequent ParHa- ^-^^'^z**^
ments ; which if he had not done that day, it is very proba-
ble he would never have pafled it. The day after, he called mc
into his Clofet, and gave a free vent to a moft tender paf-
fion ; He burft out into tears ; and cried out, that there wa^
no hope of the Qiieen ; and that, from being tlie happieft, '
he was now going to be the miferableft creature upon Earth.
He faid, during the whole courfe of their Marriage, he had
never known one fingle fault in her ; There was a worth in
her, that no body knew befides himfelf j tho' he added, that
I might know as much of her as any other perfon did. Ne-
ver was fuch a face of univerfal Sorrow feen in a Court, •
or in a Town, as at this time : All people, men and w:omenj
young and old, could fcarce refrain from Tears : On Chriji-
fnas Day, the Small Pox funk fo entirely, and the Queen
felt her felf fo well upon it, that it was for a while con-
cluded fhe had the Meailcs, and that the danger was over.
This hope was ill grounded, and of a fhort continuance: For
before night, all was fadly changed. It appeared, that the
Small Pox were now fo funk, that there was no hope of
raifing them. The new Archbifhop attended on her j He
performed all devotions, and had much private difcourfe with
her: When the defperate condition fhe was in, was evident
beyond doubt, he told the King, He could not do his duty
faithfully, unlefs he acquainted her with the danger Ihe was
in : The King approved of it, and faid, whatever effed: it
might have, he would not have her deceived in fo impor-
tant a matter. And, as the Archbifhop was preparing the
Queen, with fome addrefs, not to furprife her too much witli
fuch tidings, fhe prefently apprehended his drift, but fhewed
no fear nor difbrder upon it. She faid, fhe thanked God
ihe had always carried this in her mind, that nothing was
to be left to the laft hour ; fhe had nothing then to do,
but to look up to God, and fubmit to his Will ; It went
further indeed than fubmiffion ; for fhe feemed to delire Death,
rather than Life ; And fhe continued to the laft minute of her
life in that calm and religned ftate. She had formerly wrote
her mind, in many particulars, to the King : And fhe gave
order, to look carefully for a fmall Scrutoir diat Ihe made ufe
of, and to deHver it to the King : And, having difpatched that,
ihe avoided the giving her felf or him the tendernefs, which
a final parting might have raifed in them both. She was al-
moft perpetually in Prayer j The day before fhe died, fhe receiv-
VoL. II. N n . ed

1 3 8 The History of the Reign, &c,

1694 ed the Sacrament, all the Bifhops who were attending^ being
U^^'v/"'^ admitted to receive it with her : We were, God knows, a for-
rowful Company; For we were lofing her, who was our chief
hope and glory on Earth ; She followed the whole Office, re-.
peating it after the Archbifhop ; She apprehended, not without
fome concern, that (he {hould not be able to fwallow the Bread,
yet it went down ealily. When this was over, fhe compofed
her felf folemnly to die; She {lumbered fometimes, but faid,
fhe was not refrefhed by it ; and faid often, that nothing did
her good but Prayer ; She tried once or twice to have faid
fomewhat to the King, but was not able to go through; with
it. She ordered the Archbifhop to be reading to her fucli
paffages of Scripture, as might fix her Attention, and raife her
Devotion : Several Cordials were given, but all was inefFedual ;
She lay filent for fome hours : And fome words that came from
her, fhe wed her thoughts began to break : la conclufion, fhe
And Death, died on the 2^th of December^ about One in the Morning, in
the Thirty third year of her Age, and in the Sixth of her Reign.
She was the moft univerfally lamented Princefs, and deferved
the beft to be fo, of any in our Age, or in our Hiftory. I will
add no more concerning her, in the way of a Charader : I have
faid a great deal already in this work ; And I wrote a Book,
as an EfTay on her Charader, in which I have faid nothing,
but that which I knew to be ftridly true, without the enlarge-
ment of Figure or Rhetorick. The King's afHidion for her
Death was as great as it was jufl ; It was greater than thofe who
knew him befl, thought his temper capable of: He went beyond
all bounds in it ; During her Sicknefs, he was in an Agony,
that amazed us all, fainting often, and breaking out into mofl
violent Lamentations ; When fhe died, his Spirits funk fo low,
that there was great reafon to apprehend, that he was follow-
ing her ; For fome Weeks after, he was fo Httle Mafler of him-
felf, that he was not capable of minding bufinefs, or of feeing
Company. He turned himfelf much to the Meditations cJ
ReHgion, and to fccret Prayer ; The Archbifhop was often and
long with him ; He entred upon folemn and ferious refolu-
tions of becoming, in all things, an exad, and an exemplary
Chriftian. And now I am come to the Period of this Book,
with a very melancholy Profpe6t : But God has ordered mat-
ters fince, beyond all our expedations.

THE

Iv T

1 h-

THE

1

HISTORY

O F

a:
)

My Own Times.

^f

*******^**;***«***^;)ji;|ji;yi«;ii*;iii;^;^^ij^;^;ij^;^jf:f;pfi^

BOOK VI ;;,

Of the Life and Reign of King
William III.

HE Two Houfes of Parliament fet an Example, \^nii
that was followed by the whole Nation, of mak- u?'*\/"'^
ing confolatory and dutiful Addreffes to the King. r^^„ ^^^^
The Queen was buried with the ordinary Ceremp- ceeding in
ny, and with one piece of Magnificence that could ^^ '*"^" '
never happen before ; for both Houfes of Parliament went in
Proceffion before the Chariot, that carried her Body to JVefi-
minfier Abbey ; where places were prepared for both Houfes,
to fit in form, while the Archbifhop preached the Funeral Ser-
mon. This could never happen before, fincc the Sovereign's

Death

140 The History of the ReigH

i6qc Death had alwap diiTolved our ParHaments : It is true, the Earl
\^/r^^-^^ of Rocheftef tried, if he could have raifed a doubt of the Lega-
lity of this Parliament's continuance, Unce it was fummoned by
King William and Queen Mary ; So upon her death, the writ,
that ran in tier name, feemed to die with her : This would
have had fatal Confequences, if in that feafon of the year> all
things muft have flood ftill, till a new Parliament could have been
brought together : But the Adt, that put the Adminiftration en-
tirely in the King, tho' the Queen had a fhare in the dignity
of Sovereign, made this cavil appear to be fo ill-grounded, that
rib body fcconded fo dangerous a fuggeftion.
the ill ftate The Parliament went on with the bufiriefs of the Nation ;
of the Coin, jjj which the Earl of Rochejler, and that Party, artfully ftudied,
all that was pofTible, to embroil our affairs : The ftate of our
Coin gave then too great a handle for it. We had two forts
of Coin, The one was milled, and could not be pradlifed on :
But the other was not fo, and was fubjed: to clipping ; And in
a courfe of fome years, the old money was every year fo much
diminifhed, that it at laft grew to be lefs than the half of the
intrinfick value ; Thofe who drove this Trade, were s§ much
enriched, as the Nation fuffered by it : When it came to be
generally obferved, the King was adviled to iffue out a Pro-
clamation, that no money ftiould pafs for the future, by the
tale, but by the weight, which would put a prefent end to clip-
ping. But Seimoury being then in the Treafury, oppofed this;
He advifed the King to look on, and let that matter have its
courfe : The Parliament would in due time take care of it ;
But in the mean while, the badnefs of money quickned the Cir-
culation, while every one ftudied to put out of his hands all
the bad money ; Arid this would make all people the readier to
bring their cafh into- the Exchequer ; And fo a Loan was more
ealily made. The badnefs of the money began now to grow
very viflble ; It was plain, that no remedy could be provided
for it, but iDy recoining all the Specie of England 5 And that
could not be fet about, in the end of a SefTion. The Earls of
Rochejier and Nottingham reprefented this very tragically in the
Houfe of Lords, where it was not poffible to give the proper
remedy 5 It produced only an Adl, with ftrider claufes and fe-
verer penalties againft Clippers ; This had no other effedl, but
that it alarmed the Nation, and funk the value of our money
in the Exchange 5 Guineas, which were equal in value to twenty
one Shillings and Six-pence in Silver, rofe to thirty Shillings, that
is to fay, thirty Shillings funk to twenty one Shillings and Six-
,pence. This publick difgrace, put on our Coin, when the evil
^ was

of King William Ilt'rc \/\^i

was not cured, was in cffed: a great point carried, by which 1695
there was an opportunity given to fink the credit of the Govern- t<?'VN>j
ment, and of the pubHck Funds ; And it brought a difcount of
above 40/. per Cent, upon Tallies. . 1,^

Another Bill was fet on foot, which was long purfued, and, a Bill cori-
in conclulion, carried by the Tories : It was concerning Trials Jf/JoriS-
for Treafon ; And the defign of it feemed to be, to make men fon.
as fafe in all treafonable Confpiracies and Pradices, as was pof-]j
fible : Two Witnefles were to concur to prove the fame Fadt, at
the fame time : Council in matters of Fadt, and Witnefles upon
Oath, were by it allowed to the Prifoners ; They were to have a
Copy of the Indidtment, and the Pannel in due time: All
thefe things were in themfelves juft and reafonable : And if they
had been moved by other men, and at another time, they
would have met with little oppofition: They were chiefly fet on
by Finchy the Earl of Nottingham^ Brotheri who had been con- ,
cerned in the hard profecutions for Treafons in the end of King
Chatles\ Reign, and had then carried all Prerogative points
very far ; but was during this Reign, in a conftant oppofltiom
to every thing, that was propofed for the King's Service : He ^
had a copious way of fpeaking, with an appearance of Beau-j
ty and Eloquence to vulgar Hearers : But there Was a fuper-{,
ficialnefs in moft: of his harangues, that made them feem tedious ,-

to better Judges ; His Rhetorick was all vicious, and his Reafoning
was too fubtle. The occafion given for this Bill, leads me to^
give an account of fome Trials for Treafon, during the lafl: har- r
veft, which, for the relation they have to this matter, I have
referved for this place;

hunt an Irijhman, who was bold and poor, and of a mean Trials in
vinderftanding^ had been often employed to carry Letters and ^^"'^"fi'^^'
Meflages between Ireland and England, when King y antes was-
there. He was once taken up on fufpicion^ but he was faithful
to his Party, and would difcover nothing ; So he continued after-
that to be trufl:ed by them. But, being kept very poor, he
grew weary of his low eftate, and thought of gaining the re-
wards of a difcovery. He fell into the hands of one 'Taff, an
Irijh Prieft:, who had not only changed his Religion, but had
married in King yames\ time. Taff came into the fervice of tlie
prefent Government, and had a fmall penfion. He was long,
in purfuit of a difcovery of the Impofture in the Birth of the
Prince of WaleSy and was engaged with more fuccefs in difco-
vering the concealed Eftates of the Priefts, and the ReHgious
Orders, in which forae progrefs was made. Thefe feemed to be
fure evidences of the flncerity of the man, at leaft in his oppo-.

VoL. IL O o fitiors

142^ 3^^ History of the Reign

1695 fition to thofe, whom he had forfaken, and whom he was pro-
kJts/^'^ yoking in fo fenfible a manner. All this I mention, the more
particularly, to fhew how little that fort of men is to be depend-
ed on ; He pofTefled thofe, to whom his other difcoveries gave
him accefs, of the importance of this Lunt, who was then come
from St. GermainSy and who could make great difcoveries : So
• Lunt was examined by the Minifters of State ; And he gav^e
them an account of fome difcourfes and defigns againft- the
King, and of an Inlurredlion, that was to have broke out in the
year 1692, when King yames was defigning to come over from
Normandy ; for, he faid, he had carried at that time Commif-
fions to the chief men of the party, both in La7icajhire and
Chejhire, A Carrier had been employed to carry down great
quantities of Arms to them : One of the Chefts, in which they
^ were put up, had broke in the carriage, fo the Carrier faw

what was in them ; And he depofed, he had carried many of
the fame weight and fize ; The perfons concerned, finding the
Carrier was true and fecret, continued to employ him in that
fort of carriage for a great while. Lunis ftory feemed probable
and coherent in all its circumftances : So orders were fent to
feize on fome perfons, and to fearch houfes for Arms. In one
houfe they found Arms for a Troop of Horfe, built up within
walls, very dexteroufly. ^Taff was all this while very zealous in
fupporting Lunis credit, and in aflifting him in his difcoveries ;
A folemn Trial of the Prifoners was ordered in Lancajhire.
"When the fet time drew near, I'aff fent them word, that, if he
fhould be well paid for it, he would bring them all off; It
may be eafily imagined that they ftuck at nothing for fuch a
fervice ; He had got out of Lunt all his depofitions, which he
difclofed to them ; So they had the advantage of being well
prepared to meet, and overthrow his evidence in many cir-
cumftances : And at the Trial, I'aff turned againft him, and
witnefled many things againft Lunt, that fhook his credit.
There was another Witnefs that fupported Lunt\ evidence; but
he was fo profligate a man, that great and juft objections lay
againft giving him any credit ; But the Carrier's evidence was
not fhaken. Lunt^ in the Trial, had named two Gentlemen
wrong, miftaking the one for the other: But he quickly cor-
rected his miftake, he had feen them but once, and they were
both together ; So he might miftake their names : But he was
fure thefe were the two perfons, with whom he had thofe trea-
fonable Negotiations, 'faff had engaged him in company in
London, to whom he had talked very idly, like a man who
refolv^ed to make a fortune by fwearing : And it feemed, by

what

.:-^iJ:„i .

-of S^tng William 111* 143

what he faid, that he had many difcoveries yet in referve, which 169 c
he intended to fpread among many, till he ihould grow rich '^^^^"v^
and confiderable by it : This was fworn againft him : By all
thefe things, his Evidence was fo blafted, that no credit was
given to him. Four of the Judges were fent down to try the
Prifoners at Manchefter^ and at Chejler ; where they managed
matters with an impartial exadlnefs : Any leaning that appear-
ed, was in favour of the Prifoners, according to a Charade-
riftick, that Judges had always pretended to, but had not of
latjc deferved fo well, as upon this occafion, of being Council
for the Prifoner. The evidence, that was brought againft
hunty was afterwards found to be falfe ; But it looked then ,,.;.,, .,
with fo good an appearance, that both tie King's Counpl and
the Judges were fatisfied with it ; And fo, without caHing for
the reft of the Evidence, the matter was let fal^ : And when
the Judges gave the Charge to the Jury, it was in favour of
the Prifoners, fo that they were acquitted. And the reft of
thofe, who were ordered to be tried after them, were all dif-
charged without Trial.

, The whole Party triumphed upon this, as a Vidory ; and
complained both of the Minifters of State, and of the Judges ;
The matter was examined into, by both Houfts of Parliament ;
and it evidently appeared, that the proceeding had been, not
only exactly according to Law, but that all reafonable favouf
had been ftiewed the Prifoners : So that both Houfes M^re fully
fatisfied ; Only the Earls of Rochefter and Nottingham hung on
the matter long, and with great eagernefs ; and in conclufion,
protefted againft the Vote, by which the Lords juftified thefe
proceedings. This Examination was brought on with much
noife, to give the more ftrength to the Bill of Treafons : But
the progrefs of the examination turned fb much againft Them,
who had made this ufe of it, that it appeared there was no
juft occafion, given by that Trial, to alter the Law. Yet the
Commons pafied the Bill : But the Lords infifted on a claufe,
that all the Peers fhould be fummoned to the Trial of a Peer,
that was charged with High Treafon ; The Commons would
not agree to that ; And fo the Bill was dropt for this time.
By the late Trial, it had manifeftly appeared, how little the
Crown gained by one thing, which yet was thought an ad-
vantage ; that the Witnefles for the Prifoner were not upon
Oath : Many things were upon this occafion witnefled in favour
of the Prifoners, which were afterwards found to be notorioufly
falfe ; And it is certain, that the terror of an Oath is a great
reftraint, and many, whom an Oath might over- awe, would

more

1 44 The H I s' T b¥ ¥• of the Reign

1695 more freely allow themfelves the liberty of Lying, in behalf of &
(-^""v""^' Prifoner, to. fave his life.

Complaints When this defign failed, another was fet up againft the Bank,
of the Bank, which began to have a flourifhing credit, and had fupplied the
King fo regularly with money, and that upon fuch reafonable
terms, that thofe who intended to make matters go heavily, tri-
ed what could be done to fhake the credit of the Bank. But
this attempt was rejected in both Houfes with indignation*; It
was very evident, that pubHck Credit would fignify little, if
what was eftablifhed in one SefHon of Parliament, might be
fallen upon, and fhaken in another.
Enquiries Towafds the end of the Seffioh, Complaints were made of
pradkes"^' fome Military men, who did not pay their Quarters, pretending
their own pay was in arrear ; But it appearing, that they had
been payed ; and the matter being further examifted into, it
was found, that the fuperior Officers had cheated the Subalterns,
which exculed their not paying their Quarters. Upon this, the
enquiry vvas carried further ; And fuch difcoveries were made,
that fome Officers were broke upon it, while others prevented
complaints, by fatisfying thofe, whom they had opprefled : It
was found out, that the Secretary of the Treafiiry had takenc
two hundred Guineas, for procuring the Arrears due to a Re-
giment, to be payed 5 whefeupon, he was fent to the Towef,
and turned out of his place : Many were the more fharpried a-
gainft him, becaufe it was believed that he, as well as Trevor
the Speaker, were deeply concerned in corrupting the Members
of the Houfe of Commons : He had held hi^ place both in.
King Charles and King James's, time : And the fhare he had
in the fecret diftribution of money, had made him a neceflary
man for thofe methods.

But the Houfe, being on this fcent, carried the matter ftilf
further. In the former Seffion of Parliament, an A<St ha:d pafled,
creating a Fund for the repayment of the Debt owing to the
Orphans, by the Chamber of London ; And the Chamber had
made Trevor a Prefent of a thoufand Guineas, for the Service
he did them in that matter ; This was entred in their Books ;
So that full proof was made of it. It was indeed believed, that
a much greater Prefent had been made him in behalf of the
Orphans : But no proof of that appeared ; Whereas, what had
been taken in fo publick a manner could not be hid. This was
objefted to Trevor as Corruption, and a Breach of Truft 5 And
upon it, he was expelled the Houfe ; And Mr. Paul Foley
was chofen Speaker in his room ; who had got great credit by
his Integrity, and his conftant complaining of the Adminiftration.
^ ' . One

^ ^///^ William III. xT 14^

One difcovery made way for another: It was found, that in 1695
the Books of the Eaft India Company, there were Entries made ^-"i*'^'^^
of great Sums given, for fecret Service done the Company, And into the
that amounted to 170000 Pounds; And it was generally be- made by the
lieved, tliat the greateft part of it had gone among the Members ^fi-J'^'^'*
of the Houfe of Commons ; For the two preceeding Winters,
there had been attempts, eagerly purfued by fome, for break-
ing the Company, and either opening a free Trade to the In-
diesy or at leaft, ereding a new Company : But it was obferv-
ed, that fbme of the hotted fticklers againft the Company, did
inienfibly, not only fall off from that heat, but turned to ferve the
Company, as much as they had at firft endeavoured to deftroy
it. Seimour was among the chief of thefe : And it was faid,'
that he had 12000 Pounds of their money, under the colour
of a Bargain for their Salt-petre. Great pains and art was ufed
to ftifle this Enquiry ; But curiofity, envy, and ill-nature, as
well as vertue, will on fuch occafions always prevail, to fet on
enquiries. Thofe, who have had nothing, delire to know who
have had fomething, while the guilty perfons dare not Ihew too
great a concern in oppofing difcoveries. Sir Thomas Cook^ a
rich Merchant, who was Governour of the Company, was exa-i
-jiined concerning that great Sum given for Secret Service ; But
he refufed to anfwer. So a fevere Bill was brought in againft
him, in cafe he (hould not, by a prefixed day, confefs how all
that money had been difpofed of. When the Bill was fent-
up to the Lords, and was like to pafs, he came in, and offer-'
ed to make a full difcovery, if he might be indemnified, for
all that he had done, or that he might fay in that matter :i
The Enemies of the Court hoped for great difcoveries, that
fhould difgrace both the Minifters and the Favourites ; But it
appeared, that, whereas both King Charles and King James had
obliged the Company, to make them a yearly prefent of loooo
Pounds, that the King had received this but cnce ; and that,
tho' the Company offered a Prefent of 50000 Pounds, if the
King would grant them a new Charter, and confent to an
Adl of Parliament confirming it, the King had refufed to hear-
ken to it. There were indeed prefumptions, that the Mar-^^
quils of Caermarthe-n had taken a Prefent of 5000 Guineas,
which were fent back to Sir Thomas Cooky the morning before
he was to make his difcovery. The Lords appointed twelve
of their Body to meet with twenty four of the Houfe of Com-
mons, to examine into this matter ; But they were fo ill fa-"*
tisfied with the account, that was given them, by the four
perfons who had been entrufted with this fecret, that by a par-^^

Vol. n. P p ticular

i 46 The History of the Reign

1695 ticular Aft, that paffed both Houfes, they were committed to
Kj(fW''^ the Tower of London^ till the end of the next SefTion of Par-
3i: liament, and reftrained from difpoling of their Eftates, real or

perfonal. Thefe were proceedings of an extraordinary nature,
which could not be juftified, but from the extraordinary occa-
'" ^ fion that was given for them. Some faid, this looked like the
fetting up a Court of Inquifition, when new Laws were
made on purpofe to difcover fecrct Tranfa6lions ; and that" no
bounds could be fet to fuch a method of proceeding. Others faid,
that when Entries were made of fuch Sums, fecretly dilpofed
of, it was as juft for a Parliament to force a confeffion, as it
was common in the courfe of the Law to fubpcena a man, to
declare all his knowledge of any matter, how fecretly fbever it
might have been managed, and what perfon foever might have
been concerned in it. The Lord Preddent felt, that he was
deeply wounded with this difcovery ; For while the A6t, againft
Cooky was pafling in the Houle of Lords, he took occafion to
affirm, with folemn proteftations, that he himfelf was not at all
concerned in that matter ; But now all had broke out : One
Firebrafs a Merchant, employed by the Eaji-India Company,
had treated witli Bates, a friend of the Marquifs of Caermar-
then\ ; and foF the favour that Lord was to do them, in pro-
curing them a new Charter, Bates was to have for his ufe five
thoufand Guineas. But now a new turn was to be given to
all this : Bates fwore, that he indeed received the money, and
that he offered it to that Lord, who pofitively refufed to take
it : But, fince it was already payed in, he advifed Bates to keep
it to himfelf; tho' by the examination, it appeared, that Bates was
to have five hundred Pounds for his own negotiating the affair :
It did alfo appear, that the money was payed into one of that
Lord's Servants ; But he could not be come at : Upon this dif-
covery, the Houfe of Commons voted an Impeachment for a
Mifdemeanour againft the Lord Prefident ; He, to prevent that,
defired to be heard fpeak to that Houfe in his own Juftification ;
When he was before them, he fet out the fervices that he had
done the Nation, in terms that were not thought very decent 5
He afiumed the greateft ffiare of the honour of the Revolu-
tion to himfelf; He exprefl^ed a great uneafinels, to be brought
under fo black an Imputation, from which he cleared himfelf as
much as words could do ; In the end, he defired a prefent Trial.
Articles were upon that brought againft him ; He, in anfwer
to thele, denied his having received the money. But his Ser-
vant, whofe teftimony only could have cleared that point, dis-
appearing, the fufpicion ftuck ftill on him. It was intended to
idmb jbang

df King William IIL^ \%

hang up the matter to another SfefTion ; But an Ad of Grace 1695
came in the end of this, with an exception indeed as to Cor- u^^y^^J
ruption ; Yet this whole difcovery was let fall) and it was be-
lieved, too many of all fides were concerned in it : For by a
common confent, it was never revived j And thus the Scflion
ended.

The firft confliltation, after it was over, was concerning the Confulta-
Coin, what methods fhould be taken to prevent further clip- Ihe^com."
ping, and for remedying fo great an abufe. Some propofed
the recoining the money, with fuch a raifing of the value of
the Species, as fhould ballance the lofs upon the old money,
that was to be called in : This took with fo many, that it was
not eafy to correal an error, that muft have had very bad ef-
feds in the concluflon : For the only fixed flandard mufl be the
intrinfick value of an Ounce of Silver ; And it was a publick
Robbery, that would very much prejudice our Trade, not to
keep the value of our Species, near an equality with its weight
and finenefs in Silver. So that the difference, between the old
and new money, could only be fet right by the Houfe of Com-
mons, in a Supply to be given for that end. The Lord Keeper
Somers did indeed propofe that, which would have put an ef-
fedual flop to clipping for the future; It was, that a Procla- ' " ' '
mation fliould be prepared with fuch fecrecy, as to be pub-
lifhcd over all England on the fame day, ordering money to
pafs only by weight ; but that, at the fame time, during three
or four days after die Proclamation, all perfons in every County,
that had money, fhould bring it in to be told and weighed ; and
the difTerence was to be regiflred, and the money to be fealed
up, to the end of the time given, and then to be reftored to the
owners ; and an afTurance was to be given, that this deficiency
in weight, fhould be laid before the Parliament, to be fuppli-
ed another way, and to be allowed them in the following
Taxes. But tho' the King liked this propofition, yet all the
refl of the Council were againfl it. They faid, this would flop
the circulation of money, and might occafion tumults in the
Markets. Thofe,. whofe money was thus to be weighed^
would not beheve that the difference, between the tale and the
weight, would be allowed them, and fo might grow mutinous j
Therefore, they were for leaving this matter, to the Confidera-
tion of the next Parliament. So this propofition was laid afide:
which would have faved the Nation above a million of money.
For now, as all people believed, that the Parliament would re-
ceive the dipt money in its tale, clipping went on, and became
more vifibly fcandalous, than ever it had been.

There

HE4S The History^ the Reign

1695 There was indeed reafon to apprehend Tumults; For now,
u^^/'"^' after the Queen's death, the Jacobites began to think, that the
Confuita- Government had loft the half of its ftrength, and that things
"hTja^cT"^' could not be kept quiet at home, when the King Ihould be
bites. beyond Sea. Some pretended, they were for putting the Prin-

cefs, in her Sifter's place ; But that was only a pretence, to
which fhe gave no fort of encouragement : King yames lay at
tu■^^.. .... .. bottom. They fancied, an Invafton in the King's abfence vvould

be an eafy attempt, which would meet with little refiftance :
So they fent fome over to France., in particular one Charnochy
a Fellow of Magdalen College, who in King yames\ time had
turned Papift, and was a hot and ad:ive Agent among them :
They undertook to bring a Body of 2000 Horfe, to meet fuch
an Army as fhould be fent over ; But Charnock came back with
a cold account, that nothing could be done at that time ;
Upon which it was thought necclTary, to fend over a man of
Quality, who fhould prefs the matter with fome more autho-
rity : So the Earl of Ailesbury was prevailed on to go : He was
admitted to a fecret converfation with the French King : And
this gave rife to a Deftgn, which was very near being executed
the following Winter.
A defign to But if Sir John Fenwick did not flander King James, they at
^h^^k"^*^ this time propofed a fhorter and more infallible way, by affaf-
finating the King ; For he faid, that fome came over from France
about this time, who aflured their Party, and himfelf in parti-
cular, that a Commiftlon was coming over, figned by King
James, which they affirmed they had feen, warranting them to
attack the King's Perfon. This, it is true, was not yet arrived ;
But fome affirmed, they had feen it, and that it was trufted to
One, who was on his way hither ; Therefore, fince the King
was fo near going over to Holland, that he would probably be
gone before the Commiffion could be in England-, it was de-
bated among the Jacobites, whether they ought not to take
the firft opportunity to execute this Commiffion, even tho' they
had it not in their hands : It was refolved to do it ; and a day
was fet for it ; But as Fenwick faid, he broke the defign ; and
fent them word, that he would difcover it, if they would not
promife to give over the thoughts of it : And upon this reafon,
he believed, he was not let into the fecret the following win-
ter. This his Lady told me from him, as an article of merit
to obtain his pardon : But he had trufted their word very eafily,
it feems, fince he gave the King no warning to be on his
guard ; And the two witnefles, whom he faid he could pro-
duce to vouch this, were then under prolecution, and out-law-
2 ed :

of King William III. \ 149

ed : So that the proof was not at hand, and the warning had 1695
not been given, as it ought to have been. But of all this, -^^'^'v*''^
the Government knew nothing, and fufpeded nothing at this
time.

The King fettled the Government of England in feven Lords a Oovetn-
Juftices, during his abfence ; And in this, a great error was JJ^""'' ,'" 'Jf
committed, which had fome ill effeds, and was like to have fence,
had worfe : The Queen, when She was dying, had received
a kind Letter from, and had fent a reconciling Meflage to the
Princefs ; And fo, that breach was made up. It is true, the
Sifters did not meet ; It was thought, That might throw the
Queen into too great a commotion ; So it was put off till it
was too late ; Yet the Princefs came foon after to lee the
Kin?; j And there was after that an appearance of a good cor-
relpondence between them : But it was little more than an ap-
pearance. They lived ftill in terms of civility, and in formal viiitsj
But the King did not bring her into any fhare in bufinefs ; nor
did he order his Minifters to wait on her, and give her any ac-
count of Affairs. And now, that he was to go beyond Sea, fhc
was not fet at the head of the Councils, nor was there any
caie taken, to oblige thole who were about her. This looked
either like a jcaloufy and diftruft, or a coldnefs towards her,
which ij;ave all the the lecret Enemies of the Government a co-
lour of complaint. They pretended zeal for the Princefs, tho*
they came Httle to her ; And they made it very vilible, on many
occafions, that this was only a difguife for worfe defigns. '"m-^T

Two great men had died in Scotland the former Winter, the The deailt '
Dukes of Hamilton and i^ueensbury : They were Brothers-in-law, Lord™*
and had been long great friends ; But they became irreconcilable
Enemies. The firft had more application, but the other had
the greater genius ; They were incompatible with each other,
and indeed with all other perfons ; For both loved to be abfo-
lute, and to dired every thing. The Marquifs of Halifax di-
ed in April this year ; He had gone into all the meafures of the
Tories ; Only he took care to preferve himfelf from criminal
engagements ; He ftudied to oppofe every thing, and to embroil
matters all he could ; His fpirit was reftlefs, and he could not
bear to be out of bufinefs ; His vivacity and judgment funk
much in his iaft years, as well as his Reputation ; He died of a
Gangrene, occafioned by a Rupture that he had long negleded ;
When he faw death fo near him, and was warned, that there
was no hope, he fhewed a great firmnefs of Mind, and a Calm
that had much of true Philofophy at leaft ; He profeffed him-
felf a fincere Chriftian, and lamented the former parts of his

Vol. II. q^q Life,

1695

The Lords
Jufiiccs.

The Cam-
paign in
Flanden.

The Siege
of l^amtir.

The Hi si:oViY of the Reign

Life, with folemn refolutions of becoming in all refpecfls another
man, if God fhould raife him up. And fo, I hope, he died
a better man, than he lived.

The feven Lords Juftices Were, the Archbifhop of Canterbury^
the Lord Keeper, the Lord Privy Seal, the Lord Stensoard, the
Lord Chamberlain^ the Firft Secretary of State, and the Firft
Commiffioner of the Treafury: They had no Charafter nor Rank,
except when Foiir of them were together ; And they avoided
affembling to that number, except at the Council Board, where
it was neceffary ; And when they were together, they had the
Regal Authority vefted in them. They were chofen by the
Pofts they were in. So that no other perfon could think he
was negleded, by the preference : They were not envied for
this Titular Greatnefs ; Since it Was indeed only Titular ; For
they had no real Authority trufted with them. They took care to
keep within bounds, and to do nothing, but in matters of courfe,
till they had the King's Orders, to which they adhered exadly r
So that no complaints could be made of them, becaufe they
took nothing on them, and did only keep the peace of the King-
dom, and tranfmit and execute the King's Orders. The Sum-
mer went over quietly at home ;' for tho' the Jacobites fhev/ed
their difpoHtion on fome occafions, but moft fignally on the
Prince of Wales\ Birth- day, yet they were wifer than to break
out into any dilbrder, when they had no hopes of dfliftance from
France.

About the end of May, the Armies were brought together in
Flanders : The King drew his main Force towards the French
Lines ; And the Deiign was formed to break thro', and to de-
ftroy the French Flanders : Luxembourg died this Winter ; So
the Command of the French Armies was divided between Ville-
roy and Bouflers : But the former commanded the ftronger Ar-
my. An Attempt was made on the Fort of Knock, in order
to forcing the Lines ; And there was fome a6tion about it; But
all on the hidden, Namur was invefted ; And the King drew
off the main part of his Army, to beliege that place, and left
above 30000 Men, under the Command of the Prince of Vau-
demont, who was the beft General he had ; for Prince Waldeck
died above a year before this. With that Army, he was to
cover Fla7iders and Brabant, while the King carried oii the
Siege.

As loon as Namur was invefted, Bouflers threw himfelf into
it, with many good Officers, and a great Body of Dragoons;
The Garrifon was 1 2000 ftrong : A place fo happily fitua-
ted, fo well fortified, and fo well furnifhed and Qonimanded,

' '\^ • made

of King William III. ^ fjf

made the attempt feem bold and doubtful; The dry Seafon put 1695
the King under another difficulty ; The Maefe was fo low, lx^'V^^^vJ
that there was not water enough to bring up the Barks, loaden
with Artillery and Ammunition, from Liege and Majlrkht ;
So that, many days were loft in bringing thefe over Land ; And
if Villeroy had followed the King clofe, it is thought he muft
have quitted the defign : But tibe French prefumed upon the
ftrength of the Place and Garrifon, and on our being fo little
pradifed in Sieges : They thought, that Villeroy might make
fome confiderable Conqueft in Flanders^ and when that was
done, come in good time to raife the Siege. Prince Vaude-
mont managed his Army with fuch skill and conduct, that as
he covered all the Places, on which he thought the French
had an eye, fo ke marched with that caution, xS\2lX.xS\6 Ville-^
roy had above double his ftrength, yet he could not force him
to an engagement, nor gain any advantage over him. The
Military men, that ferved uhder him, magnified his conduct
highly, and compared it to any thing that Tjirenne, or the great-
eft Generals of the Age had done. Once it was thought, he
could not get off;' But he marched under the Cannon of Ghent
without any lols. In this, Villeroy s, condudt was blamed, but
without caufe y For he had not overfeen his advantage, but
had ordered the Duke of Mayne, the French King's beloved
Son, to make a motion with the Horfe, which he commanded ;
And probably, if that had been fpeedily executed, it might
have had ill effe<fts on the Prince of Vaudemont : But the Duke
de Mayne defpifed Villeroy^ and made no hafte to obey his
Orders, fo the advantage was loft, and the King of France put
him under a flight difgrace for it. Villeroy attackt Dixmuyda
and Deinfe ; The Garrifons were not indeed able to make a gred^
refiftance ; But they were ill commanded : If their Officers had
been Mafters of a true judgment, or prelence of mind, they might
at leaft have got a favourable compolition, and have faved the
Garrifons, tho' the Places were not tenable; Yet they were
balely delivered up, and about 7000 men were made prifoners
of War. And hereupon, tho' by a Cartel that had been fettled
between the two Armies, all Prifoners were to be redeemed at
a fet price, and within a limited time : Yet the French^ having
now fo many men in their hands, did, without either colour or
fhame, give a new effay of their perfidioufnefs ; for they broke
k, upon this occafion, as they had often done at Sea ; indeed,
as often as any advantages on their fide tempted them to it :
The Governours of thofe places were at firft believed to have
betrayed" their Truft, and fold the Garrifons, as well as the
J places

iy2 The History of the Reigti

1695 places to the jPr^;^c^ 5 But they were tried afterwards ; And it
'-^^^"'^'^'"'''^ appeared, that it flowed from Cowardice, and want of Senfe ;
for which one of them fuifered, and the other was broke with
difgrace.
Srttjjefs Villeroy marched toward Brujfels^ and was followed by Prince
b^^dtd*" Vaudefnont^ whofe chief care was, to order his motions fo, that
the French might not get between him, and the King's Camp
at Namur, He apprehended, that Villeroy might bornbard
Brujfels, and would have hindred it, if the Town could have
been wrought on, to give him the afliftance that he deflred of
them : Townfmen, upon all fueh occafions, are more apt to
confider a prefent, tho' a fmall expence, than a great, tho' an
imminent danger : So Prince Vaudemont could not pretend to
cover them : The Eledorefs of Bavaria was then in the Town ;
And tho' Villeroy fent a Complement to her, yet he did not
give her time to retire ; but bombarded the place for two days,
with fo much fury, that a great part of the lower Town was
burnt down : The damage was valued at fome Millions, and
the Eledorefs was fo frighted, that fhe mifcarried upon it of a
Boy. When this execution was done, Villeroy marched towards
Namur \ His Army was now fo much encreafed, by Detach-
ments brought from the Rhine, and Troops drawn out of Gar-
rifons, that it was faid to be 1 00000 ftrong: Both Armies on
the Rhine., were fo equal in ftrength, that they could only lie
on a Defenfive ; neither fide being flrong enough to undertake
any thing : M. De V Orge commanded ^cFrench, and the Prince
of Baden, the Imperialifts : The former was finking as much ia
his health as in his credit ; So a great Body was ordered to
march from him to Villeroy ; And another Body equal to that,
commanded by the Landgrave of Hejfe, came and joined the
King's Army.
Namtir Wis The Siege was carried on with great vigour; The errors, to
taken. which our want of practice expofed us, were all correded by
the courage of our men ; The Fortifications, both in ftrength,
and in the extent of the out-works, were double to what they
had been when the French took the place ; Our men did not
only fucceed in every attack, but went much further : In the
firft great Sally, the French loft fo many, both Ofiicers and Sol-
diers, that after that, they kept within their Works, and gave
us no difturbance : Both the King and the Eleftor of Ba-
varia, went frequently into the Trenches ; The Town held out
one Month, and the Cittadel another: Upon Villeroy s ap-
proach, the King drew off all the Troops that could be fpared
from the Siege, and placed himfelf in his way, with an Army

of

of King William III. lyj

bf 60000 men; But he was fo well ported, that after VillerQy 1695
had looked on him for fome days, he found it was not advifa- v.^?'"v^'!>J
ble to attack him : Our men wifhed for a Battle, as that which
would not only decide the fate of Namur, but of the whole
War; The French gave it out, that they would put all to
hazard, rather than fuffer fuch a diminution of their King's
Glory, as the retaking that place feemed to be ; But the Signal
of the Cittadel's treating, put an end to Vtlleroy\ defigns :
Upon which, he apprehending that the King might then attack
him, drew off with fo much precipitation, that it looked liker a
flight than a retreat

The Capitulation was foon ended and figned by BouflerSy
who, as was faid, was the firft Marefchal of France that had ever
delivered up a place ; He marched out with 5000 men, fo it
appeared he had loft 7000 during the Siege : And we loft in
it only about the fame number. This was reckoned one of
the greateft anions of the King's Life, and indeed, one of the
greateft that is in the whole Hiftory of War. It raifed his Cha-
radler much, both at home and abroad, and gave a great repu-
tation to his Troops : The King had the entire Credit of the
matter ; His General Officers having a very fmall fhare in it,
being moft of them men of low Genius, and little pradifed in
things of that nature. Cohorn^ the chief Engineer, ftgnalized
himfelf fo eminently on this occafion, that he was looked on
as the greateft Man of the Age : and out-did even Vauban^
who had gone far beyond all thofe, that went before him, in
the conduct of Sieges : But it was confefled by all, that Cohorn
had carried that Art to a much farther perfection during this
Siege. The Subaltern. Officers and Soldiers gave hopes of a
better race, that was growing up, and fupplied the errors and
defedls of their Superior Officers. As the Garrifon marched out,
the King ordered Bouflers to be ftopt, in reprifal for the Garri-
Jons of Dixmuyde and Deinfe. Bouflers complained of this as
a Breach of Articles, and the adlion feemed liable to cenflire.
But many authorities and precedents were brought, both from
Law and Hiftory, to juftify it : All obligations among Princes,
both in Peace and War, muft be judged to be reciprocal j So
that he who breaks thefe firft, fets the other at liberty. At
length, the French confented to fend back the Garrifons, pur-
fuant to the Cartel ; Bouflers was firft let at liberty, and then
thefe Garrifons were releafed according to promife.

The Officers were tried and proceded againft, by Councils of
War, according to Martial Law ; They were raifed in the Army
by ill methods, and maintained themfelves by worfe ; Corrup-

VoL. II. R r tion

1^4 The VLis^oviY of the Reign

1695 tion had broke into the Army, and Oppreffion and Injuftlce
^--''^'V'''^ were much complained of ; The King did not approve of thofe
pradices ; But he did not enquire after them, nor punifli them,
with a due feverity ; Nor did he make difference enough be-
tween thofe who ferved well, fold nothing, and ufed their Sub-
alterns kindly, and thofe who fet every thing to fale, and op-
preffed all that were under them ; and when things of that kind
go unpunifhcd, they will foon make a great progrefs. There
was little more done, during the Campaign in Flanders ; Nor
was there any Action upon the Rhine.

In Italy^ there was nothing done in the Field by force of •"*
Arms : But an affair of great confequence was tranfadted, in a
very myfterious manner ; The Duke of Savoy, after a very long
Cafai was Blockade, undertook the Siege of Cafal\ but he was fo ill pro-
furandred. yidcd for it, that no good account of it could be expcfted ;
The King had fo little hopes of fucceis, that he was not eafily
prevailed on to confent to the befieging it ; But either the
French intended to gain the Pope and the Venetians, and in
conclufion, that Duke himlelf, with this extraordinary concef-
fion ; Or, fince our Fleet was then before Toulon, they judged
it more neceffary to keep their Troops, for the defence of their
Coaft and Fleet, than to fend them to relieve Cafal ; So Orders
were fent to the Governour to Capitulate, in fuch a number of
days, after the Trenches were opened : So that the Place was
furrendred, tho' it was not at all ftraitned : It was agreed, that
it fhould be reftored to the Duke of Mantua, but fo difmant-
led, that it might give jealoufy to no fide ; And the flighting
the Fortifications went on fo flowly, that the whole Seafon was .
fpent in it, a Truce being granted all that while. Thus did the
French give up Cafal, after they had been at a vaft expence
in fortifying it, and had made it one of the flrongeft places in
Europe.
Affairs at ^"^ Flcct was all the Summer, Mafter of the Mediterra-
Sca. nean ; The French were put under great diforder, and feemed

to apprehend a Defcent ; For Rujfel came before Marfeilles and
Toulon oftncr than once; Contrary Winds forced him out to
Sea again, but with no lols ; He himfelf told me, he believed
nothing could be done there ; Only the honour of command-
ing the Sea, and of fhutting the French within their Ports,
gave a great reputation to our affairs. In Catalonia, the French
made no progrefs ; They abandoned P alamos, and made Gi-
ronne their Frontier. The Spaniards once pretended to befiege
F alamos, but they only pretended to do it ; They defired fome
men from Rujfel, for he had Regiments of Marines on Board :

They

of King W I L L f A M III.^ i } ^

They Tdd, they had begun the Siege, and were provided with 1695;
every thing that was ileceflary to carry it oh, only they wanted ^-<J^'*v^vi
men ; So he fent them fome Battalions ; But when they came
thither, they found not any one thing, that was neceflary to
carry on a Sieg^, not fo ihucn as Spades, not to mention Guns
and Ammunition: So Rujfd knt for his men back again. But a

the French of themfelves quitted the place ; for as they found
the charge of the War in Catatonia was great, and tho' they
met with a feeble oppofition from the Spaniards^ yet fihce they
faw, they could not carry Barcelona, fo long as our Fleet lay
hi thofe Seas, they refolved to lay by, iri expectation of a better
occafiort. We htid another Fleet in our own Channel, that was
ordered to bombard the French Coaft ; They did fome execu-
tion upon St. Maids, arid deftroyed Grandville, that lay not
fer from it : They alfo attempted Dunkirk, but failed in the
execution ; Some Bombs were thrown into Calais, but with-
out any great effeft ; So that the French did not fuffer {o
much by the Bombardment, as was expedled : The Country
indeed was much alarmed by it ; They had many Troops dif-
perfed all along their Coaft ; So that it put their affairs in great
diforder, and we were every where Mafters at Sea. Another
Squadron, commanded by tne Marquifs of Carmarthen (whole
Father was created Duke of heeds, to colour the difmifling
him from bufinefs, with an encreafe of Title) lay off from the
Ifles of Scilly, to fecure our Trade, and convoy our Merchants :
He was an extravagant man, both in his Pleafures and Hu-
mours ; He was flow in going to Sea ; and, when he was out,
he fancied the French Fleet was coming up to him, which
proved to be only a Fleet of Merchant Ship : So he left his fta-
tion, and retired into Milford Haven : By which means, that
Squadron became ufelefs. '" '/ .

This proved fatal to our Trade; Many of our Barbadoes ThtLoSei
Ships were taken by French Cruizers and Privateers : Two rich °^°"'' ^"'
Ships, coming from the Eajl- Indies, were alfo taken, 150
Leagues to the Weftward, by a very fatal accident, or by fome
treachetous advertifement ; for Cruizeri feldom go fo far into
the Ocean : And to compleat the misfortunes of the Eajl-India
.Company, three other Ships, that were come near Gallwayy
cm the Weft of Ireland, fell into the hands of ibme French
Privateers : Thdfe five Ships were valued at a Million, fb here
was great occafroh of difcontent in the City of London. They
complained, that neither the Admiralty, nor the Government,
took the care that was neceflary for preferving the Wealth of the
Nation. A French Man of War, at the fame time, fell upon our

Fadory

chants.

Affairs in

Hungary.

y

ij6 The History of the Reigtt

1695 Fadory on the Coaft of Guinea; He took the fmall Fort wc

u?'=^/'"*?>j had there, and deftroyed it ; Thefe misfortunes were very fen-

fible to the Nation, and did much abate the Joy, which fo

glorious a Campaign would otherwife have raifed ; And much

matter was laid in for ill humour to work upon.

The War went on in Hungary 5 The new Grand Signior
came late into the Field ; But as late as it was, the Imperialifts
were not ready to receive him : He tried to force his way into
Tranjilvania, and took fome weak and ill defended Forts, which
he foon after abandoned ; Veteran^ who was the moft beloved
of all the Emperor's Generals, lay with a fmall Army to de-
fend the Entrance into 'Tranjilvania ; The Turks fell upon him,
and overpowered him with numbers ; His Army was deftroyed,
and himfelf killed ; But they fold their Lives dear ; The Turks
loft double their number, and their beft Troops in the a£lion ;
So that they had only the name and honour of a Victory ;
They were not able to profecute it, nor to draw any advantage
from it. The ftragglers of the defeated Army drew together,
towards the Pafles. But none purfued them, and the Turks
marched back to Andrianople, with the Triumph of having
made a glorious Campaign. There were fome flight Engage-
ments at Sea, between the Venetians and the Turks, in which,
the former pretended they had the advantage ; But nothing fol-
lowed upon them. Thus affairs went on abroad during this
Summer.

There was a Parliament held in Scotland^ where the Mar-
quils of Tweedale was the King's Commiffioner : Every thing
that was asked for the King's Supply, and for the fubflftance
of his Troops, was granted ; The Maflacre in Glencoe, made
ftill a great noife j and the King feemed too remifs in inquir-
ing into it. But when it was reprefented to him, that a SefTion
of Parliament could not be managed, without high motions
and complaints of fo crying a matter, and that his Minifters
could not oppole thefe, without feeming to bring the guilt of
that Blood, that was fo pcrfidioufly fhed, both on the King,
and on themfelves : To prevent that, he ordered a Commiflion
to be pafled under the Great Seal, for a precognition in that
matter, which is a praxfticc in the Law of Scotland, of exa-
mining into Crimes, before the Perfons concerned are brought
upon their Trial. This was looked on as an artifice, to cover
that tranfaftion by a private enquiry ; Yet, when it was com-
plained of in Parliament, not without refledions on the flack-
nefs in examining into it, the King's Commiffioner afliired them,
that by the King's Order, the matter was then under examina-
tion,

A Parlia-
ment in
Scotland.

of King William IIL 157

tion, and that it fliould be reported to the PaHiament : The 1695
Enquiry went on ; And, in the progrefs of it, a new pfadice of ^-^^'^^z'^*^
the Earl of Braidalbin^ was difcovered ; For the Highlanders
depofed that, while he was treating with them, in order to their
fubmitting to the King, he had aflured them, that he ftill ad-
hered to King James's Intereft, and that he prefled them t6
come into that Pacification, only to preferve them for his fervice,
till a more favourable opportunity. This, with feveral other
treafonable difcourfes of his, being reported to the Parliament,
lie covered himfelf with his pardon ; But thefe difcourfes hap-
pened to be fubfequent to it ; So he was fent a Prifoner to the
Caflle of Edinburgh : He pretended, he had fecret Orders from
the King, to fay any thing that would give hini credit with
them ; which the King owned fo far, that he ordered a new
pardon to be pafl for him. A great Party came to be formed
in this Seflion, of £l very odd mixture ; The High Presbyteri-
ans, and the Jacobites, joined together to oppofe every thing ;
Yet it was not fo flrong as to carry the Majority ; But great
heats arofe among them.

The Report of the MafTacre of Glencoe^ was made in full The Bufi-
Parliament : By that it appeared, that a black defign was laid, ne'sofc/^/i-

1 rr 1 ^ r ^] i '^"^ examm-

not only to cut ott the men or Ulencoe, but a great many cd.
more Clans, reckoned to be in all above Six Thoufand perfons :
The whole was purfued in many Letters, that were writ with
great earneftnefs ; And tho' the King's Orders carried nothing
in them, that was in any fort blameable, yet the Secretary of
States Letters went much further. So the Parliament juftified the
King's Inftruftions, but voted the execution in Glencoe, to have
been a barbarous MafTacre, and that it was pufhed on by the Se-
cretary of State's Letters, beyond the King's Orders : Upon that,
they voted an Addrefs to be made to the King, that he, and
others concerned in that matter, might be proceeded againft ac-
cording to Law : This was carried by a great Majority.

In this SefTion, an Ad: paft, in favour of fuch of the Epif^
copal Clergy, as fhould enter into thofe engagements to the
King, that were by Law required ; That they fhould continue
in their Benefices under the King's Protedion, without being
fubjed: to the power of Presbytery. This was carried with fome
addrefs, before the Presbyterians were aware of the confequences
of it ; for it was plainly that which they call Erajiianifm. A
day was limited to the Clergy for taking the Oaths : And by a
very zealous and dextrous management, about feventy of the
bell of them were brought to take the Oaths to the King ',

Vol. II. S s And

^jy8 The History of the Reign

1695 And fo they came within the Protedion promifed them by
u?''^/'^^>J the A6t.

AnAftfor Another Ad paffed, that has aheady produced very fatal
a new Com- confequences to that Kingdom, and may yet draw worfe
^^"^" after it : The Interlopers in the Raft-hidia Trade^ finding
that the Company was Uke to be favoured by the ParHa-
luent, as well as by the Court, were refolved to try other me-
thods to break in upon that Trade : They entred into a Treaty
with fome Merchants in Scotland-, And they had, in the former
Seflion, procured an Ad, that promifed Letters Patents to all
fuch, as fhould offer to fet up new Manufadures, or drive any
new Trade, not yet pradifed by that Kingdom, with an ex-
emption for twenty one years from all Taxes and Cuftoms, and
\yith all fuch other Privileges, as fhould be found neceffary for
eflabliihing or encouraging fuch projeds. But here was a ne-
ceility of procuring Letters Patents, which they knew the cre-
dit, that the Eaji-India Company had at Court, would certain-
ly render inefFedual. So they were now in treaty for a new
Ad, which fhould free them from that difficulty. There was
^ ^ ., one Paterfon, a man of no education, but of great Notions;
which, as was generally faid, he had learned from the Buc-
caneers, with whom he had conforted for fome time. He had
confidered a place in Darien, where he thought a good Settle-
ment might be made, with another over againft it, in the South
Sea ; And by two Settlements there, he fancied a great Trade
might be opened both for the Eaji and Wejl-Indies ; and that the
Spaniards in the neighbourhood might be kept in great fubjec-
tion to them ; So he made the Merchants believe, that he had
a great fecret, which he did not think fit yet to difcover, and
reierved to a fitter opportunity; Only he defired, that the
Wefi-Indks might be named in any new Ad, that fhould be
offered to the Parliament : He made them in general under-
ftand, that he knew of a Country, not poflefTed by Spaniards,
where there were rich Mines, and Gold in abundance. While
theie matters were in treaty, the time of the King's giving the
Inftrudions to his Commifiioner for the Parliament came on ;
And it had been a thing of courfe, to give a general Inftruc-
tion, to pafs all Bills for the encouragement of Trade, yohn-
Jloiin told the King, that he heard there was a fecret manage-
ment among the Merchants for an Ad in Scotland, under which
the Eaji--India Trade might be fet up ; So he propofed, and
drew an Inftrudion, impovy'cring the Commifiioner to pafs
any Bill, promifing Letters Patents for encouraging of Trade,
yet limited, fo that it fhould not interfere with the Trade of
2 E^g-

of King William III^^ ciy^

England : When they went down to Scotland^ the King's Com- 1695
millioner either did not confidcr this, or iiad no regard to it ; v.^S^'^v^"'*'*-'
for he gave the Royal Affent to an Ad, that gave the Under-
takers, either of the Eaft-hidia or Wejl-India Trade, all pofli-
ble privileges, with exemption of twenty one years frdm all
Impofitions : And the Aft direfted Letters Patents to be p^fled
under the Great Seal, without any further Warrant for them :
When this was printed, it gave a great alarm in England^ more
particularly to the Eaft-hidia Company ; For many of the
Merchants of hondon refolved to join Stock with the Scotch
Company ; And the exemption from all Duties gave a great
profpeft of gain. Such was the pofture of affairs in Scotland.

In Irelandy the three Lords Juftices did not agree long to- AfFiirs lo
gether ; The Lord Capel ftudied to render himfclf popular, and ^'^^^'^"'^' ■
efpoufed the interefts of the Englijh againft the Irijhj without
any nice regard to juftice or equity : He was too eafily fet on,
by thofe who had their own end in it, to do every thing that
gained him applaufe : The other two were men of fevere tem-
pers, and ftudied to proteft the Irijh, when they were oppreft ;
nor did they try to make themfelves otherwife popular, than by
a wife and juft Adminiftration : So Lord Capel was highly
magnified, and they were as much complained of, by all the
Englijh in Ireland. Lord Capel did undertake to manage a Par-
liament (a, as to carry all things, if he was made Lord Depu-
ty, and had power given him to place and difplace fuch as he
fhould name. This was agreed to, and a Parliament was held
there, after he had made feveral removes : In the beginning of
the Seffion, things went fmoothly ; The Supply that was asked,
for the fupport of that Government, was granted ; All the pro-
ceedings in King James^ Parliament were annulled, and the
great Adt of Settlement was confirmed an-d' explained, as they
defired : But this good temper was quickly loft, by the heat of
fome, who had great credit with Lord Capel. Complaints were
made of Sir Charles Porter^ the Lord Chancellor, who was
beginning to fet on foot a Tory humour in I r eland ^ whereas it
was certainly the intereft of that Government, to have no other
divifion among them, but that of Englijh and IriJh., and of
Proteftant and Papift : Lord Capel\ Party, moved in the Houfe
of Commons, that Porter fhould be impeached j But the
grounds, upon which this motion was made, appeared to be fo
frivolous, after the Chancellor was heard by the Houfe of
Commons^ in his own juftification, that he was voted clear fi-om
all imputation, by a Majority of two to one 5 This fet the Lord
Deputy and the Lord Chancellor, with all the friends of both,

at

1 60 The History of the Reign

1695 at fo great a diftance from each other, that it put a full flop,
U?"V''^ for fome time, to all bufinefs.

Thus Factions were formed in all the King's Dominions ;
And he, being for fo much of the year at a great diftance from
the fcene, there was no pains taken to quiet thefe, and to check
the animofities which arofe out of them. The King ftudied
only to ballance them, and to keep up among the Parties, a
jealoufy of one another, that fb he might oblige them all to
depend more entirely on himfelf
A new Par- As foon as the Campaign was over in Flanders^ the King ih-
liament cai- ^^ndcd to comc ovcr dircdly into England ; But he was kept
long on the other fide by contrary winds ; The firft: point, that
was under debate upon his arrival, was, whether a new Par-
liament fhould be fummoned, or the old one be brought to-
gether again, which by the Law that was lately pafled, might
fit till Lady-day : The happy ftate the Nation was in, put all
men, except the Merchants, in a good temper ; None could be
fure, we fhould be in fo good a ftate next year ; So that now
probably Elections would fall on men, who were well affedled
to the Government ; A Parliament, that faw it felf in its laft
Seflion, might affeft to be froward ; The Members, by fuch a
behaviour, hoping to recommend themfelves to the next Elec-
tion ; Belides, if the fame Parliament had been continued, pro-
bably the Enquiries into Corruption would have been carried on,
which might divert them from more prefTmg affairs, and kindle
greater heats ; all which might be more decently dropt by a new
Parliament, than fuffered to lie afleep by the old one. Thefe
confiderations prevailed, tho' it was ftill believed, that the
King's own inclinations led him, to have continued the Parlia-
ment yet one SefBon longer ; For he reckoned, he was fure of
the major Vote in it. Thus this Parliament was brought to a
Conclufion, and a new one was fummoned.

The King made a progrefs to the North ; And ftaid fbme
days at the Earl of Sunderland's^ which was the firft publick
mark of the high favour he was in ; The King ftudied to con-
ftrain himfelf to a little more opennefs and affability, than was
natural to him : But his cold and dry way had too deep a root,
not to return too oft upon him j The Jacobites were fo decried,
that few of them were elected ; But many of the fourer fort of
Whigs, who were much alienated from the King, werechofen:
Generally, they were men of Eftates, but many were young,
hot, and without experience. Foley was again chofen Speaker ;
The demand of the Supply was ftill very high, and there was

of King William IIL i(3i

a great airear of Deficiencies ; All was readily granted, and lodg- 1695
ed on Funds, that feemcd to be very probable. ^../rs/-"^

The ftate of the Coin was confidered, and there were great The flatc of
and long Debates about the proper remedies : The motion of [J^^'JJ
raifina the money above its intrinfick value, was ftill much
prefled; Many apprehended this matter could not be cUred,
without cafting us into great diforders : Our money they thought
would not pafe, and fo the Markets would not be furniflied ;
And it is certain, that if there had been ill humours then ftir>
ring in the Nation, this might have caft us into great Convul-.
fions. But none happened, to the difappointment of our Ene-
mies, who had their eyes and hopes long fixed on the cffeds,
this might produce. All came in the end to a wife and happy
refolution, of Recoining all the Specie of England^ in mill'd
money ; All the old money was ordered to be brought in, in
publick Payments, or Loans to the Exchequer, and that by de-
grees ; firft the half Crown pieces, and the reft of the money
by a longer day; Money of a bad Allay, as well as dipt mo*,
ney, was to be received ; tho' this was thought an ill precedent,
and that it gave too much encouragement to falfe Coining ;
Yet it was judged neceflary upon this occafion ; And it gave a
prefent calm to a ferment, that was then working all England
over. Twelve hundred thoufand Pounds was given, to fupply the
deficiency of the bad and dipt money. So this matter was hap-
pily fetded, and was put in a way to be effeftually remedied,
and it was executed with an order and a juftice, with a qui-
et and an exaftnefs, beyond all mens expedlation. So that
we were freed from a great and threatning mifchief, without
anv of thofe effedts, that were generally apprehended from it.

The Bill of Trials in Cafes of Treafon, was again brought An Art of
into the Houfe of Commons, and pafTed there ; When it oa{b*of
came up to the Lords, they added the Claufe, for fummoning Treafon.
all the Peers to the Trial of a Peer, which was not eafily
carried; for thofe, who wifhed well to the Bill, looked on
this as a device to lofe it, as no doubt it Was ; And there-
fore they oppofed it ; But, contrary to the hopes of the Court,
the Commons were fo defirous of the Bill, that when it came
down to them, they agreed to the Claufe, and fo the Bill
paffed, and had the Royal Aflent.

A fevere Bill was brought in, for voiding all the Eledllons ^^^ ^on-

of Parliament Men, where the Eleded had been at any ex- cfrn'ngElec-
, . , T7- T "°"* to Par-
pence m meat, drmk, or money, to procure Votes : It was liament.

very flridly penned ; But time muft fhew, whether any eva-
fionscan be found, out ^t9^ ^yoid it :, Certainly ,^ if it has the
/Vol. ir. ' ■ ' ' Tp'£-'^" ■-- '- defired

i6i The History of the Reign

1695 defired efed, it would prove one of the beft Laws that ever
L^"^/**<5>«' was made in 'England \ For abufes in Eledlions were grown to
moft intolerable exceffes, which threatned even the ruin of the
Nation. Another A6t paffed againft unlawful and double Returns ;
For perfons had been often returned, plainly contrary to the
Vote of the Majority ; and in Burroughs, where there was a con-
teft, between the feledl number of the Corporation, and the
whole Populace, both fides had obtained favourable decisions,
as that fide prevailed, on which the perfon eleded happened
to be ; So both Eledions weVe returned, and the Houfe judged
the matter. But by this A61, all Returns were ordered to be
made, according to the laft determination of the Houfe of
Commons : Thefe were thought good Securities for future Par-'
liaments ; It had been happy for the Nation, if the firft of thefe
had proved as effectual, as the laft was.
Complaints Gfeat Compkints were made in both Houfes of the Aft fop
Ad.*^ (^"/c the ^y^rfy/C/^ Eajl-India Company, and Addrefies were made to
the King, fctting forth the Inconveniencies that were like to arife
from thence to England : The King anfwered, that he had beeit
illferved in Scotland; But he hoped Remedies fhould be found,
to prevent the ill confequences, that they apprehended fi-om the
A6t : And foon after this, he turned out both the Secretaries
of State, and the Marquifs of Tweedale : And great Changes
were made in the whole Miniftry of that Kingdom, both high
, and low. '. No Enquiry was made, nor proceedings ordered,
concerning the bufinefs oVGlencoey So that furniftied the Li-
bellers with foitie colours, in afperfing the King, as if he muft
have been willing to fuffer it to be executed, fince he feemed fo
unwilling to let it be punifhed.
Scotland ' But when it was underftood in Scotland, that the King had
Epptrdig" difowned the Aft for the Eaji-India Company, from which it
it. was expedcd that great Riches fhould flow into that Kingdom,

it is, not eafy to conceive how great, and how general an in-
dignation was fpread over the whole Kingdom ; The Jacobites faw
what a Game it was like to prove in their hands ; They played it
with great skill, and to the advantage of their caufe, in a courfe of
niany years 5 and continue to manage it to this day : There was
a great deal of noife made of the Scotch Ad: in both Houfes of
Parliament in £;^^/^W by fome, who feemed to have no other de-
•m) lign in that, but to heighten our diftradions, by the apprehen-
•' fions that they exprefied. The Scotch Nation fancied nothing

•'•■-■"• but Mountains of Gold ; And the credit of the defign rofe fo
high, that Subferiptions were made, and advances of money
were offered, beyond what any believed the Wealth of that King-
dom

u of King William III. 163

dom could have furnifhed. Pater/on came*^ to Have fuch credit 1695
among them, that the ddign of the Eajl-India Trade, how '^^^^'V^'^iJ
promifing foever, was wholly laid afide ; And they refolvcd to
employ all their wealth, in the fettling a Colony, with a Port
and Fortifications in Darien^ which was long kept a fecret, and
was only trufted to a feled number, empowered by this new
Company, who ailumed to themfclvcs the name of the African
Company, tho' they never meddled with any concern in that
part of the World : The unhappy progrefs of this affair will ap-
pear in its proper time.

The Loflcs of the Merchants gave great advantages to thofe, ^ njotion
who complained of the Adminiftration ; The condud-, with re- ^V^ » ^o"."*
lation to our Trade, was rcprefcilted as at beft a negled: of the
Nation, and of its Profperity : Some, with a more fpiteful ma-
lice, faid, it was dcfigned, that wc fliould fuffer in our Trade,
that the Dutch might carry it from us : And how extravagant
foever this might feem, it was often repeated by fome men of
virulent tempers. And in the end, when all the errors, with
relation to the protedion of our Trade, were fet out, and much
aggravated, a motion was made to create, by Ad: of Parlia-
ment, a Council of Trade:

This was oppoled by thofe,. who looked on it, as a change
of our Conftitution, in a very effential point : The Executive
part of the Government was wholly in the King : So tliat the
appointing any Council, by Ad of Parliamenti^ began a Prece-
dent of their breaking in, upon the execution of the Law, m
which, it could not be eafy to fee how far they might be car-
ried ; It was indeed offered, that this Council fhould be much
limited as to its Powers ; Yet many apprehended, that if the Par-
liament named the perlons, how low foever their powers might
be at firft, they^woidd be enlarged every SefTion ; and from
being a Council to look into matters of Trade, they would be
next empowered to appoint Convoys and Cruizers ; This irt
time, might draw in the whole Admiralty, and that part of
the Revenue or Supply, that was appropriated to the Navy ; So
that a King would foon grow to be a Duke of Venice ; And
indeed thofe, who fet this oni moft zealoufly, did not deny
that they defigned to graft many things upon it.

The King was {o fenfible of the> ill effeds this wQuld have,
that he ordered his Minifters to oppofe it^ as much as pofTibly*
they could : The Earl ol ^underland^ to the wonder of many,
declared for it, a& all that depended on him promoted it : He
was afraid of the violence of the Republican Party, and would
not venture on provoking them ; The Minifters were much of-
fended

1 64 The History of the Reign

16,95 fei^ded with him, for taking this method to recommend him-
^-^""v-v felf at their coft ; The King himfelf took it ill, and he told
m€, if he went on, driving it as he did, that he muft break
with him 5 He imputed it to his Fear ; For the uahappy fteps
he had made in King James^ time, gave his Enemies fo many-
handles and colours for attacking him, that he would venture
on nothing, that might provoke them. Here was a Debate,
plainly in a point of Prerogative, how far the Government
fhould continue on its antient bottom of Monarchy, as to the
Executive part 5 or how far it fhould turn to a Commonwealth ;
and yet by an odd reverfe, the Whigs, who were now moft em-
ployed, argued for the Prerogative, while the Tories feemed
zealous for publick Liberty : So powerfully does intereft biafs
men of all forms.
AConfpira- This was goiug ou, and probably would have paft In both
cy licover- pj^yjC^g^ wheu the difcovery of a Confpiracy turned mens thoughts
quite another way : So that all angry motions were let fall, and
the Sellion came to a very happy conclufion, with greater advan-
tages to the King, than could have been other wife expedted.
We were all this Winter alarmed, from many different quar-
ters, with the infolent difcourfes of the Jacobites, who feemed
fo well affured of a fudden Revolution, which was to be both
quick and entire; that at Chrijimas they faid, it would be
brought about, within fix weeks. The French Fleet, which we
had fo long fhut up within Toulon^ was now fitting out, and
was ordered to come round to Breji ; Our Fleet, that lay at
CadtZy,.v/2LS not ftrong enough to fight them, when they fhould
pafs the Streights ; Rujfel had come home, with many of the
great Ships, and had left only a Squadron there ; But a great Fleet
was ordered to go thither ; It was ready to have failed in De-
• cember ; But was kept in our Ports by contrary Winds, till Fe-
bruary ; This was then thought a great unhappinefs ; But we
found afterwards, that our prefervation was chiefly owing to it ;
And it was fo extraordinary a thing, to fee the wind fixed at South
Weft during the whole Winter, that few could refift the obferving
a fignal Providence of God in it. We were all this while in great
pain for Rook^ who commanded the Squadron that Uy at Cadiz ;
and was like to fuffer for want of the Provifions and Stores,
which this Fleet was to carry him, befides the addition of
flrength this would bring him, in cafe the Toulofi Squadron
fhould come about ; V/e were only apprehenfive of danger from
that Squadron ; For we thought, that we could be in none at
home, till that Fleet was brought about ; the advertifements came
from many places, that fome very important thing was ready to

break

of King William III^ ^6y

break out : It is true, the Jacobites fed their Party with fuch 1695
ftories every year ; But they both talked and wrote now with more u^V'VJ
than ordinary affurance. The King had been fo accuftomed to
alarms and reports of this kind, that he had now fo little re-
gard to them, as fcarce to be willing to hearken to thofe, who
brought him fuch advertifements. He was fo much fet on pre-
paring for the next Campaign, that all other things were little
conlidcred by him.

But in the beginning of February^ one Captain Fifljer cameOf affaffi-i
to the Earl of Portland^ and in general told him, there was aJJIJ,"^ ''**'
defign to affaflinate the King ; But he would not, or could
not then name any of the perfons, who were concerned in it ;
He never appeared more, for he had affurances given him,
that he fhould not be made ufe of as a v/itnefs ; Few days af-
ter that, one F endergrafsy an Irip Officer, came to the Earl
of Portland^ and difcovered all that he knew of the matter ;
He freely told him his own name ; but would not name any
of the Confpirators ; La Rue^ a Frenchman^ came alfo to Bri-
gadier LeviJo7i) and difcovered to him all that he knew ; Thefe
two [Pendergrafs and La Rue) were brought to the King apart,
not knowing of one another's difcovery : They gave an account
of two Plots then on foot, the one for affaflinating the King,
and the other for invading the Kingdom. The King was not
eafily brought to give credit to this, till a variety of circum-
ftances, in which the Difcoveries did agree, convinced him of
the truth of the whole defign.

It has been already told, in how many Projects King James
was engaged, for afTaffinating the King j But all thefe had fail-
ed ; So now one was laid, that gave better hopes, and look'd
liker a Military adion, than a foul murder : Sir George Berkeley ^
a Scotchman^ received a Commiffion from King James^ to go
and attack the Prince of Orangey in his Winter Quarters : Char-
nocky Sir William Ferkins, Captain Forter, and La Rue, were
the men to whofe condud the matter was trufted ; The Duke
of Berwick came over, and had fome difcourfe with them about
the method of executing it : Forty Perfons were thought ne-
ceflary for the attempt 5 They intended to' watch the King, as
he fliould go out to hunt, or come back from it in his Coach 5
Some of them were to engage the Guards, while others fhould
attack the King, and either carry him off a Prifoner, or, in cafo
of any refiftance, lull him. This foft manner was propofed, to
draw Military men to ad in it, as a warlike Exploit : Forter
and Knightly went and viewed the Grounds, and the way thro*
which the King paft, as he went between Kenjington and Rich-
Vol. 11. U u mond

1 66 The History^ the Reign

1695 mond Park, where he ufed to hunt commonly on Saturdays',
L«PV"'^>J And they pitched on two places, where they thought they might
well execute the defign. King James fent over fome of his
Guards to aflift in it ; He fpoke himfelf to one Harris to go
over, and to obey fuch Orders as he fhould receive from Berke-
ley ; He ordered money to be given him, and told him, that, if
he was forced to ftay long at Calais^ the Prelident there would
have orders to furnifh him.

i6q6 When the Duke of Berwick had laid the matter fo well here:,
t,^j?-v-«!%>j that he thought it could not mifcarry, he went back to FrancCy
And to in- ^^^ ^^^ King James at St. Denis, who was come fo far on
vade the hjs way from Paris : He flopt there, and after a long Confe-
°"' rence with the Duke of Berwicky he fent him firft to his Queen
at St. GermainSy and then to the King of Francey and he him-
felf called for a Notary, and pafled fome A6t : But it was
not known to what effedt. When that was done, he purfued
his journey to Calais, to fet himfelf at the head of an Army of
about 20000 men, that were drawn out of the Garrifons, which
lay near that Frontier. Thefe being full in that feafon, an Ar-
my was in a very few days brought together, without any pre-
vious warning or noife. There came every Winter a coafting
Fleet, from all the Sea- ports of France to Dunkirk, with all the
provifions for a Campaign; And it was given out, that the
French intended an early one this year. So that this coafting
Fleet was ordered to be there by the end of January ; Thus
here were Tranfport Ships, as well as an Army, brought toge-
ther in a very filent manner ; There was alfo a fmall Fleet of
Cruizers, and fome Men of War ready to convoy them over ;
Many Regiments were embarked, and King James was wait-
ing at Calais, for fome tidings of that, on which he chiefly
depended ; For upon the firft notice of the fuccefs of the AfTaf-
lination, he was refolved to have fet fail : So near was the mat-
ter brought to a Crifis, when it broke out by the difcovery,
made by the perfons above named. La Rue told all particu-
lars, with the greateft franknefs, and named all the perfons
that they had intended to engage in the execution of it ; For
feveral Lifts were among them, and thofe who concerted
the matter, had thofe Lifts given them ; And took it for grant-
ed, that every man named in thofe Lifts was engaged; Since
they were perfons on whom they depended, as knowing their
inclinations, and believing that they would readily enter into the
Projed: : tho' it had not been, at that time, propofed to many of
them, as it appeared afterwards. The defign was laid, to ftrike
^ * the

of King William III. 167

tKe Blow on the 15//6 ot February^ in a Lane that turns down 1696
from Turnham-Green to Brentford \ And the Confpirators were '-^^^^""^
to be fcattered about the Greeuy in Taverns and Ale-houfes,
and to be brought togetlicr, upon a fignal given. They were
caft into feveral parties, and an ^icl de Camp was affigned to
every one of them, both to bring them together, and to give
the whole the air of a Military adlion : Pendergrafs owned very
freely to the King, that he was engaged in interefl againft him,
as he was of a Religion contrary to his ; He faid, he would
have no Reward for his difcovery ; But he hated a bafe adlion ;
And the point of Honour was the only motive that prevailed on
him : He owned, that he was defircd to aiTift, in the feizing
on him, and he named the perfon that was fixed on to fhoot
him ; He abhorred the whole thing, and immediately came to
reveal it : His ftory did in all particulars agree with La Rues ;
For fome time he ftood on it, as a point of Honour, to name
no perfon ; But upon affurance given him, that he fhould not
be brought as a witnefs againft them, he named all he knew :
The King ordered the Coaches and Guards to be made ready
next morning, being the 15 /A of February y and on Saturday j^
his ufual day of Hunting : But fome accident was pretended to
cover his not going abroad that day 5 The Confpirators conti-
nued to meet together, not doubting but that they iliould have
occafion to execute their defign the next Saturday 5 They had
fome always about Kenjington^ who came and went continually,
and brought them an account of every thing that paft there 5
On Saturday^ the 22d of February^ they put themfelves in a
readinefs j And were going out to take the Pofts affigned
them 5 but were furprifed, when they had notice that the King's
Hunting was put off a fecond time 5 They apprehended, they
might be difcovered : Yet as none were feized, they fbon quieted
themfelves.

Next night, a great many of them were taken in their beds : Many of the
And the day following, the whole difcovery was laid before the to"" Ed
Privy Council : At the fame time. Advices were fent to the King°"-
from Flandersy that the French Army was marching to Dun-
kirk, on defign to invade England : And now, by a very hap-
py Providence, tho' hitherto, a very unacceptable one, we had
a great Fleet at Spitbead, ready to fail ; And we had another;
Fleet, defigned for the Summer's fervice in our own Seas, quite-,
ready, tho' not yet manned. Many brave Seamen, feeing the
Nation was inf fuch vifible danger, came out of their lurking^
holes, in which they were hiding themfelves from the Prefs, and'
offered their Service j And all people ihewed fo much zeal,

that

1 68 The H I s T o R Y ^ //&^ Reign

1696 that in three days, Rujfel^ who was fent to command, flood
oc^'v*^^ over to the Coaft of France^ with a Fleet of above fifty Men
of War. The French were amazed at this ; And upon it, their
Ships drew fo near their Coafts, that he durft not follow them
in fuch fhallow Water, but was contented with breaking their
Defign, and driving them into their Harbours. King James flayed
for fome weeks there. But, as the French faid, his malignant
Star ftill blafled every projeft, that was formed for his Service.
The acfign The Court of France was much out of countenance with this
fion broken' difappointmcnt ; for that King had ordered his defign of In-
vading England, to be communicated to all the Courts, in
which he had Minifters : And they fpoke of it with fuch an
air of afTurance, as gave violent prefumptions, that the King of
France knew of the Confpiracy againfl the King's Perfon, and
depended upon it ; for indeed, without that, the Defign was
impradicable, confidering how great a Fleet we had at Spk-
head\ Nor could any Men of common fenfe have entertained.
a thought of it, but with a view of the Confufion, into which,
the intended AfTaffination mufl have caft us. They went on in
England, feizing the Confpirators j And a Proclamation was if^
fued out, for apprehending thofe that abfconded, with a pro-
mife of a thoufand Pound Reward, to fuch as fhould feize on
any of them, and the ofi'er of a Pardon to every Confpirator,
that fhould feize on any of the refl : This fet all people at
work, and in a few weeks, moft of them were apprehended •
Only Berkeley was not found, who had brought the Commif-
fion from King James, tho' great fearch was made for him.
For, tho' the reaUty of fuch a CommifHon, was fully proved
afterwards, in the Trials of the Confpirators, by the Evidence of
thofe, who had feen and read it all written in King Jainesh own
hand (fuch a Paper being too important to be trufted to any
to copy) yet much pains was taken, to have found the very
='■ ' ■' perfon who was intrufled with it : The Commiffion itfelf would,
have been a valuable piece, and fuch an Original, as was not to
be found any where.

The Military Men would not engage on other terms 5 They
thought, by the Laws of War, they were bound to obey all
Orders, that run in a Military Stile, and no other ; And fo they
imagined, that their part in it was as innocent, as the going on
any defperate defign, during a Campaign : Many of them re-
pined at the Service, and wifhed that it had not been put on
them ; But, being commanded, they fancied that they were lia-
ble to no Blame nor Infamy, but ought to be treated as Prifon-
ers of War.
-"-LiJ Among

of King Wl L L I A M III. \ I 69

Among thofe who were taken, Porter and Pendergrafs were 1696
brought in. Porter had been a vitious man, engaged in many u?'^\/>>J
ill things ; and was very forward and furious in all their Con- <j>orter dif-
fultations : The Lord Cutts, who, as Captain of the Guards, "'"«'* ""•
was prefent, when the King examined Pendergrafs, but did
not know his name, when he faw him brought in, prefTed
him to own himfelf, and the fervice that he had already done ;
But he claimed the promile of not being forced to be a Wit-
ness, and would fay nothing : Porter was a man of pleafurc,
who loved not the hardfhips of a Prifon, and much lefs the
folemnities of an Execution ; So he confefled all: And then
Pendergrafs., who had his dependance on him, freely confefled
likewife : He faid. Porter was the man who had tnifted him ;
He could not be an Inftrument to deftroy him ; Yet he lay
under- no obligations to any others among them. Porter haa
been in the management of the whole matter : So he gave a
,yery copious account of it all, from the firft beginning. And
now it appeared, that Pendergrafs had been but a very kw days
among them, and had feen very few of them ; and that he
came and difcovered the Confpiracy, the next day after it was
opened to him.

When by thefe Examinations the matter was clear and unde- BothHoufea
niable, the King communicated it, in a Speech to both Houfes °^ P^r''*-
of Parliament: They immediately made Addreffes of Congra- into a voiun-
tulation, with affuranccs of adhering to him againft all his Ene- [foi'^^'*"
mies, and in particular, againft King James j And after that,
Motions were made in both Houfes, for an Affociation, wherein
they fhould own him as their Rightful and Lawful King, and
promife faithfully to adhere to him againft King James, and
the pretended Prince of Wales ; engaging at the fame time to
maintain the Ad; of SuccefHon, and to revenge his Death on
all who fhould be concerned in it. This was much oppofed in
both Houfes, chiefly by Seimour and Finch in the Houfe or
Commons, and the Earl of Nottingham in the Houfe of Lords: ^

They went chiefly upon this, that Rightful and Lawful were
words, that had been laid aftde in the beginning of this Reign ;
that they imported one that was King by Defcent, and fo could
not belong to the prefent King. They faid, the Crown and the
Prerogatives of it were vefted in him, and therefore they would
obey him, and be faithful to him, tho' they could not acknow- ^

ledge him their Rightful and Lawful King. Great exceptions were
alfb taken to the word Revenge, as not of an Evangelical found ;
But that word was fo explained, that thefe were foon cleared ;
Revenge was to be meant in a l^al fenfe, either in the profe-

V o L. II. X X cution

f^d The History of the Reign

1696 cutiori of Juftice at home, or of War abroad ; And the fame
u^^'v^'^iiJ word had been ufed in that AfTociation, into which the Nation
entrcd, when it was apprehended, that Queen Elizabeths Life
was in danger, by the practices of the Queen of Scots. After
a wafm Debate, it was carried in both Houfes, that an AfTocia-
tion fhould be laid on the Table, and that it might be figned
ty all fuch, as were willing of their own accord to fign it ;
only with this difFerence, that inftead of the words Rightful
and hansoful King, the Lords put thefe words, That King Wil-
liam hatn the Right by Law to the Crown of thefe Realms,
and that neither King JameSy nor the pretended Prince of
Wales, nor any other perfon, has any Right whatfoever to the
fame. This was done, to fatisfy thofe, who faid, they could
not come up to the words Rightful and Lawful ; And the Earl
of Rochefler ofFering thefe words, they were thought to anfwer
the ends of the Aflociation, and fo were agreed to. This was
iigned by both Houfes, excepting only Fourfcore in the Houf®
of Commons, and Fifteen in the Houfe of Lords : The Aflo-
ciation was carried from the Houfes of Parliament over all Eng-
land, and was figned by all forts of people, a very few only
excepted : The Bifhops alfo drew a Form for the Clergy, ac-
cording to that figned by the Houfe of Lords, with fome fmall
variation, which was fo univerfally figned, that not above an
Hundred all England over refufed it. '

Soon after this, a Bill was brought into the Houfe of Com-
mons, declaring all men incapable of publick Trufl, or to ferve
jn Parliament, who did not fign the Affociation ; This paft with
jio confiderable oppofition ; for thofe who had figned it of their
own accord, were not unwilling to have it made general ; and
fuch as had refufed it when it was voluntary, were refolved to
fign it, as foon as the Law fhould be made for it. And at
the fame time, an Order pafl in Council, for reviewing all
the Commifllons in England, and for turning out of them all
thofe, who had not figned the Affociation, while it was volun-
tary ; Since this feemed to be fuch a declaration of their Princi-
ples and AffedionSj that it was not thought reafonable, that fuch
perfons fhould be any longer, either Juflices of Peace, or De-
puty Lieutenants.

The Seffion of Parliament was foon brought to a conclufiort.
on a Land They Created one Fund, upon which, two Millions and an half
■^^"^' were to be raifed, which the beft judges did apprehend was
neither jufl nor prudent. A new Bank, was propofed, called
the Land Bank, bccaufe the Securities were to be upon Land :
This was the main difference between it, and the Bank of Eng-
land :

r ofttihg William III. 171

land : And by reafon of this, it was pretended, that it was not 1696
contrary to a Claufe in the Ad for that Bank, that no other ^-c^-v^*^
Bank fhould be fet up in oppofition to it. TJierc was a fct .of
Undertakers, who engaged that it Hiould prove effedual, for the
Money for which it was given : This was chiefly managed by
Foley^ Harley^ and the Tones ; It was much laboured by the
Earl of Sunderland \ And the King was prevailed on to con-
fent to it, or rather to defire it, tho' he was then told by ma^
ny, of what ill confequence it would prove to his affairs : The
Earl of Sunderland\ excufe for himfelf, when the Error ap-
peared afterwards but too evidently, was, that he thought it
would engage the Tories in intereft to fupport the Goverri-f
ment. hfifl •

After moft of the Conlpirators were taken, and all Examina-
tions were over, fome of them were brought to their Triak.
Charnocky King^ and KeySy were begun with : The Defign was f^j o£j
fully proved againft them. Charnock ftiewed great prefence of "icci and
mind, with temper and good judgment, and made as good a^"
defence as the matter could bear : But the proof was fo full, that
they were all found guilty. Endeavours were ufed to perfuade
Charnock to confels all he knew ; for he had been in all their
Plots from the beginning : His Brother was employed to deal
with him, and he feemed to be once in fufpence ; But the next
time that his Brother came to him, he told him, He could not fave
his own Life without doing that, which would take away the;
Lives of fo many, that he did not think his own Life worth it.
This {hewed a greatneis of mind, that had been very valuable^
if it had been better direfted. Thus this matter wae underftood
at the time. But many years after this, the Lord Somen gave
me a different account of it. Charnock^ as he told me, fent an
Offer to the King, of a full difcovery of all their confultations and
defigns ; and defired no pardon, but only that he might live in
fome eafy prifon ; and if be was found to prevaricate, in any
part of his difcovery, he would look for the execution of thJa
Sentence : But the King apprehended, that fo many perfons
would be found Concerned, and thereby be rendred defperate,
that he was afraid to have fuch a Scene opened, and would
not accept of this offer. At his death, Charnock delivered ai
paper, in which he confeffed, he was engaged in a defign tor
attack the Prince of Orange\ Guards ; But he thought liimfelf
bound to clear King James, from having given any Commif-
fion to affaflinate him. King's Paper, who fuffered with him,
Was to the fame purpofe ; and they both took pains to clear
all thole of their Religion, from any acceffion to it. King

expreffed

was
(]ui
them.

/S>a»-r^';^'

,bi\un.

172 7>^^ H 1 s TO R Y oft^e Reign

1696 fexpreffed a fenle of the Unlawfulnefs of the undertaking; But
^-^<:^''''\<''^^ Charnock feemed fully fatisfied with the lawfulnefs of it. Keys
was a poor ignorant Trumpeter, who had his dependance on
Porter^ and now fuffered chiefly upon his Evidence, for which
he was much reflected on : It was faid, that Servants had oftent
been Witneffes againft their Matters, but that a Mafter's wit-
nefling againft his Servant, was fomcwhat new and extraor-
dinary.
Kin2.7rf»2e5 V The way \h2X. Charnock and King took to vindicate King
tterby J^fnes^ did rather faften the imputation more upon him ; They
did not deny, that he had fent over a CommifTion to attack
the Prince of Orange, which, as Porter depc^fed, Charnock toXd
him he had feen ; If this had been denied by a dying man^ his
laft words would have been of fome weight : But inftead of
denying that which was fworn, he only denied, that King
"James had given a Commiffion for AfTaflination : And it feems
great weight was laid on this Word ; for all the Confpirators
agreed in it, and denied that King "James had given a Com-
miffion to aflaffinate the Prince of Orange. This was an odi-
ous word, and perhaps no perfon was ever fb wicked, as to
order fuch a thing, in fo crude a manner : But the fending a
Commiffion, to attack the King's Perfon, was the fame thing
upon the matter; and was all that the witneffes had depofed;
Therefore their not denying this, in the terms in which the
Witnefles fwore it, did plainly imply a Confeffion that it was
true. But fome, who had a mind to deceive themfelves or
others, laid hold on this, and made great ufe of it, that dying
men had acquitted King James of the Affaffination. Such
flight colours will ferve, when people are engaged before-hand
to believe, as their affections lead them.

Sir John Friend, and Sir William Perkins, were tried next.
"j'erkins tri- The firft of thefe had rifen from mean beginnings to great ere-
fere^d '^ ^"^ ^^^' ^^^ much wealth ; He was employed by King James,
and had all this while ftuck firm to his interefts : His Purfe
was more confidered than his head, and was open on all occa-
fions, as the Party applied to him : While Parker was former-
ly in the Tower, upon Information of an Affaffmation of the
King defigned by him, he furnifhed the money that corrupt-
ed his Keepers, and helped him to make his efcape out of the
Tower : He knew of the Affaffination, tho' he was not to be an
Aftor in it : But he had a Commiffion for raifing a Regiment
for King James, and he had entertained and payed the Offi-
cers, who were to ferve under him : He had alfo joined with
thofe who had fent over Charnock, in May 1695, with the Mef-
h ,- - ^ge

of King William IIL 17^

fage to King James ^ mentioned in the account of the former 1696
year : It appearing now, that they had then defired an Inva- i-^'^'V"'^
fion with 8000 Foot, and 1000 Horfe, and had promifed
to joiii thefe with 2000 Horfe, upon their landing. In this,
the Earl of Ailesbury^ the Lord Montgomery, Son to the Mar-
quifs of Powis, and Sir yohn Fenwicky were alfb concerned :
Upon all this evidence. Friend was condemned, and the Earl of
Ailesbury was committed Prifoner to tlie Tower. Perki?is was
a Gentleman of Eftate, who had gone violently into the Paf-
flons and Interefts of the Court, in King Chariest time: He
was one of the fix Clerks in Chancery, and took all Oaths to
the Government, rather than lofe his Place : He did not only
conlent to the defign of Aflaflination, but undertook to bring
five men, who fhould afiift in it ; And he had brought up
Horfes for that Service, from the Country ; But had not nam-
ed the Perfons ; fo this lay yet in his own breaft : He himfelf
was not to have acfted in it, for he likewife had a Commifiion
for a Regiment ; And therefore, was to referve himlelf for that
Service : He had alfo provided a ftock of Arms, which were
hid under Ground, and were now difcovered : Upon this Evi-
dence, he was condemned. Great endeavours were ufed, both
with Friend and him, to confefs all they knew ; Friend was
more fuUen, as he knew lefs ; for he was only applied to and
trufted, when they needed his money : Perkins fludtuated more ;
He confeflied the whole thing for which he was condemned ;
But would not name the five perfons, whom he was to have
fent in, to aflift in the Afiaflination ; He faid, he had engaged
them in it, fo he could not think of faving his own Life by de-
ftroying theirs : He confefled, he had feen King James % Com-
mifiion ; The words differed a little from thofe which Porter
had told ; But Porter did not fwear that he faw it himfelf ; He
only related what Charnock had told him concerning it ; Yet
Perkins faid, they were to the fame effect : He believed, it
was all writ with King James\ own hand, he had feen his
writing often, and was confident it was writ by him : He own-
ed, that he had raifcd and maintained a Regiment ; But he
thought he could not fwear againft his Ofiicers, fince he him-
felf had drawn them into the Service ; and he affirmed that he
knew nothing of the other Regiments : He fent for the Bifhop
of Ely, to whom he repeated all thefe particulars, as the Bi-
fhop himfelf told me ; He feemed much troubled with a fenie
of his former Life, which had been very irregular : The Houfe
of Commons fent fome to examine him : But he gave them fo
litde fatisfadtion, that they left him to the courfe of the Law :
Vol. IL \ Yy Hfi»

174 ^^^ History of the Reign

1696 His tendernefs, in not accufing thofe whom he had drawn in,
U^'V"*^*^ was fo generous, that this alone ferved to create fome regard for
a man, who had been long under a very bad Charader. In
the beginning of Aprils Friend and he were executed toge-
ther.

A very unufual inftance of the boldnefs of the Jacobites ap-
peared upon that occafion ; Thefe two had not changed their
Religion, but ftill called themfelves Proteftants ; So three of the
Nonjuring Clergymen waited on them to Tyburn, two of them
The had a ^^^ ^^^" °^^ ^^^^ Friend^ and one of them with Perkins ; And
pubiick Ab- all the three, at the place of Execution, joined to give them
efthem.^'" Publick Abfolution, with an Impofition of Hands, in the view
of all the People ; A ftrain of Impudence, that was as new as
it was wicked ; fince thefe perfons died, owning the ill De-
signs they had been engaged in, and exprefling no fort of Re-
pentance for them. So thefe Clergymen, in this folemn Abfo-
lution, made an open Declaration of their allowing and jufti-
fying thefe perfons, in all they had been concerned in : Two of
thefe were taken, and cenfured for this in the King's Bench,
the third made his efcape.

Three other Confpirators, Roohwood, Lowicky and Cranhorn,
Simo?"" were tried next. By this time, the new Ad for Trials in fuch
tried and cafcs began to take place, fo thefe held long ; for their Council
execute . ^^^}^ upon every thing. But the Evidence was now more co-
pious : For three other Witnefles came in ; The Government
being fo gentle as to pardon even the Confpirators, who con-
fefled their guilt, and were willing to be Witnefles againfl: 'o-
thers. The two firft were Papifls, they exprefl'ed their diflike
of the Defign ; But inflfted on this, that as Military Men they
were bound to obey all Military Orders ; And they thought,
that the King, who knew the Laws of War, ought to have a
regard to this, and to forgive them. Cranhorn called himfelf a
Proteflant, but was more fuUen than the other two ; to fuch a
degree of fury and perverfenefs, had the Jacobites wrought up
their Party. Knightly was tried next ; He confefl^ed all, and
upon that, tho' he was condemned, he had a Reprieve, and
was afterwards pardoned. Thefe were all the Trials and Exe-
cutions that even this black Confpiracy drew from the Govern-
ment ; for the King's Inclinations were fo merciful, that he
feemed uneafy even under thefe Ads of neceflary Juftice.
Coofc tried Cooli was brought next upon his Trial, on account of the
vai! ^" intended Invafion ; for he was not charged with the Aflaflina-
tion ;. His Trial was confldered as introductory to the Earl of
Ailesbury\ 5 for the Evidence was the fame as to both. Porter

2 and

of King William IH. i/y

and Goodman were two Witnefles againft him ; They had been 1.696
with him at a meeting, in a Tavern in Leadenhall Street, where ur^y^^^j
Charnock received Inftrudions to go to France, with the Mef-
fage formerly mentioned ; All that was brought againft t|iis, was,
that the Mafter of the Tavern, and two of his Servants fworejj
that they remembred well when that Company was at the Ta:».
vern, for they were often coming into the Room where they
iat, both at dinner time, and after it ; and that they faw not Good-^f
man there, nay, they were politive, that he was not there. On the
other hand. Porter depofed, that Goodman was not with them at
dinner ; but that he came to that Houfe after dinner, and fent
him in a note ; upon which he, with the confent of the Com-,
pany, went out and brought him in : And then it was certain,
that the Servants of the Houfe were not in that conftant at-
tendance ; nor could they be believed in a negative, againft
pofitive evidence to the contrary. Their credit was not fuch,
but that it might be well fuppofed, that, for the intereft of their
houfe, they might be induced to make ftretches : The Evi-
dence was believed, and Cook was found guilty, and condemn-
ed ; He obtained many fhort Reprieves, upon aflurances that
he would tell all he knew : But it was viiible he did not deal
fincerely, his puniftiment ended in a Banifhment. Sir yohn
Fenwick was taken not long after, going over to France, and
was ordered to prepare for his Trial ; Upon which, he leemed
willing to difcover all he knew: And in this, he went off and
on, for he had no mind to die, and hoped to fave himfelf
by fome practice or other : Several days were fet for his Trial,
and he procured new delays, by making fbme new difcoveries :
At laft, when he faw that flight and general ones would not
ferve his turn, he fent for the Duke of Devonjhire, and wrote
a Paper as a difcovery, which he gave him to be fent to the
King ; And that Duke, affirming to the Loi;ds Juftices, that it
was not fit that Paper fhould be feen by any, before the King
faw it, the matter was fuffercd to reft for this time.

The Summer went over, both in Flanders and on the Rhine, The Cam-;
without any adion : All the Funds given for this year's Service P^'g" Re-
proved defedive, but that of the Land Bank failed totally : feebly carri-
And the credit of the Bank of England was much fhaken. A- ^^ °"*
bout five Millions of dipt money was brought into the Exche-
quer ; And the lofs that the Nation fuffered, by the recoining
of the money, amounted to two Millions, and two Hundred
Thoufand pounds. The Coinage was carried on with all pof-
fible hafte ; About eighty Thoufand pounds was coined every
Week : Yet flill this was flow, and th-e new money was gene-
rally

I jG The H I s T o R Y (2^ the Reign

1696 rally kept up ; (o that, for feveral months, little of it appeared.

^-<='''v"''=>»^ This ftop in the free Circulation of money, put the Nation in-
to great diforder : Thofe who, according to the Aft of Parlia-
ment, were to have the firft Payments in Milled money, for
the Loans they had made, kept their Specie up, and would
not let it go, but at an unreafonable advantage. The King
had no money to pay his Army, fo they were in great diftre fs,
which they bore with wonderful patience : By this means, the
King could undertake nothing, and was forced to lie on the
defenfive : Nor were the French ftrong enough to make an Im-
preflion in any place ; The King had a mighty Army, and
was much fliperior to the Enemy ; Yet he could do nothing ;
And it paffed for a happy Campaign, becaufe the French were
not able to take any advantage from thofe ill accidents, that
our want of Specie brought us under ; which indeed were fuch,
that nothing but the fenfe all had of the late Confpiracy, kept
us quiet and free from tumults. It now appeared, what a
ftrange error the King was led into, when he accepted of fa
great a Sum, to be raifed by a Land Bank : It was fcarce ho-
nourable, and not very fafe at any time ; But it might have
proved fatal at a time, in which, money was like to be much
wanted, which want would have been lefs felt, if Paper Credit
had been kept up : But one Bank working againft another, and
the Goldfmiths againft both, put us to great ftreights : Yet the
Bank fupplied the King in this extremity, and thereby con-
vinced lum, that they were his friends in affedion, as well as
intereft.

A Peace in '^^^ fccrct pradiccs in Italy were now ready to break out ;

'Piedmont. The Pope and the Venetians had a mind to fend the Germans out
of Italy.^ and to take the Duke of Savoy out of the neceflity
of depending on thofe, they called Hereticks. The manage-
ment in the bufinefs of Cafal looked fo dark, that the Lord
Gallway, who was the King's General and Envoy there, did
apprehend there was fomewhat myfterious under it. One ftep
more remained, to fettle the Peace there ; for the Duke of Sa-
voy would not own that he was in any Negotiation, till he
fhould have received the advances of money, that were promi-
fed him from England and Holland ; for he was much fet on
the heaping of Treafure, even during the War ; to which end,
he had debafed his Coin, fo, that it was not above a fixth part
in intrinfrck value, of what it pafied for. He was always befet
witli his Priefts, who were perpetually complaining of the pro-
grefs, that Herefy was like to make in his Dominions ; He had
indeed granted a very full Edid, in favour of the Faudois, re-

ftoring

op King William IIL 177

ftoring their former Liberties and Privileges to them, which the 1696
Lord Gallway took care to have put, in the moft emphatical Uf'^v^W
words, and paft with all the formalities of Law, to make it as
effectual, as Laws and Promifes can be : Yet every ftep, that
was made in that affair, went againft the grain, and was ex-
torted from him, by the interceffion of the King and the States,
and by the Lord Gallways zeal.

In concluiion, the French were grown fo weary of that War^
and found the Charge of it fo heavy, that they offered, not
only to reftore all that had been taken, but to demoHfh Pig-
nerol, and to pay the Duke fome Millions of Crowns ; and to
compleat the whole, that the Duke of Burgundy fhould mar- ,^'^^^.
ry his Daughter : To this he confented ; But to cover this De-
fection from his Allies, it was further agreed, that Catinat
fhould draw his Army together, before the Duke could bring,
his, to make head againft him ; And that he fhould be or-»
dered to attempt the Bombardment of Turin, that fo the Duker
might feem to be forced, by the extremity of his affairs, to
take fuch conditions, as were offered him. He had a mind to
have caft the blame on his Allies ; But they had affifted him
more effedually at this time, than on other occafions : A Truce
was firft made, and that, after a few months, was turned into
an entire Peace ; One Article whereof was, that the Milaneza
fhould have a neutrality granted them, in cafe the German
Forces were fent out of Italy ; All the Italian Princes and
States concurred in this, to get rid of the Germans as foon as
was poffible \ So the Duke of Savoy promifed to join with the
French to drive them out. Valence was the firft place, that
the Duke of Savoy attackt ; There was a good Garrifon in it,
and it was better provided, than the places of the Spaniards
generally were : It was not much preffed, and the Siege held
fome weeks, many dying in it. At laft, the Courts oi. Vienna
and Madrid accepted of the Neutrality, and engaged to draw
the Germans out of thefe parts, upon an advance of money,
which the Princes of Italy were glad to pay, to be delivered
from fuch troublefome guefts.

Thus ended the War in Piedmont, after it had lafted fix
years : Pignerol was demolifiied ; But the French, by the Trea-
ty, might build another Fort at Fenejirella, which is in the
middle of the Hills : And fo it will not be fo important as Pig-
nerol was, tho' it may prove an uneafy neighbour to the Duke
of Savoy. His Daughter was received in France as Dutchels of
Burgundy, tho' not yet of the Age of Confent : for fhe was
but ten years old.

Vol. II, Z z Nothing

Affairs in

Hungary.

178 The Hist OKY of the Reign

1696 Nothing of confequence pafled in Catalonia', The French
'u5?'^/"^»o •vtrent no further than Gironney and the Spaniards gave them
no difturbance ; Both the King and Queen of Spain were at
this time fo ill, that, as is ufual upon fuch occafions, it
was fufpedted they were both poifoned : The King of Spain
relapfed often, and at laft, remain'd in that low ftate of health,
in which he feemed to be always rather dying than -living.
The Court of France were glad of his recovery ; for they were
not then in a condition, to undertake fuch a War, as the
Dauphin\ Pretenfions muft have engaged them in. '^

In Hungary, the Turks advanced again towards Tranjiha-
nia, where the Duke of Saxony commanded the Imperial Ar-
my : The Turks did attack them, and they defended themfelves
fo well, that, tho' they were beat, yet it coft the Turks fo dear,
that the Grand Signior could undertake nothing afterwards.
The Imperialifts loft about 5000 men; But the Turks loft
above twice that number ; And the Grand Signior went back
with an empty Triumph, as he did the former year: But ano-
ther adlion happened, in a very remote place, which may
come to be of a very great confequence to him. The Mufco-
vites, after they had been for fome years under the divided Mo-
narchy of Two Brothers, or rather, of a Sifter, who governed
all in their Name, by the death of one of thefe came now
under one Czar : He entered into an Alliance with the Empe-
ror, againft the Turks ; and Azuph, which was reckon'd a ftrong
place, that commanded the mouth of the Tanais or Donn,
where it falls into the Meotis-palus, after a long Siege, was
taken by his Army. This opened the Euxine Sea to him ; So
that, if he be furniftied with men, skilled in the building, and
in the failing of Ships, this may have confequences, that may
very much diftrefs Conjiantinople, and be in the end, fatal to
that Empire. The King of Denmark^ Health was now on a
decline 5 Upon which, the Duke of Holjlein was taking advan-
tage, and new difputes were like to arife there.

Our affairs at Sea went well, with relation to Trade : All
our Merchant Fleets came happily home ; we made no confi-
derable Lofles; on the contrary, we took many of the French
Privateers ; they now gained little in that way of War, which
in fome of the former years, had been very advantageous to
them. Upon the breaking out of the Confpiracy, Orders were
ient to Cadiz, for bringing home our Fleet ; The Spaniards
murmured at this, tho' it was reafonable for us to take care
of our felves in the firft place. Upon that, the French Fleet
was alfo ordered to come about 3 They met with rough Wea-
ther,

Affairs at
Sea.

f

of King WlLJLlAM III*:' 179

ther, and were long in the pafTage : So that if we had Tent a 1696

.Squadron befor.e Brefi^ we had probably made fome confiderable ^-<;;''v^"'5*J

advantage j but the Fleet was fo divided, that Fadion appeared

in every order, and in every motion ; ^or did the King ftudy

enough to remedy this, but rather kept it up, and feemed to

think, tliat was tie way to pleafe both Parties ; but he found

afterwards, that by all his management with the Tories, he

difguiled thofe, who were afFedionate and zealous for him ; and

.that the Tories had too deep an alienation from him, to be

-overcome with good ufage : Their fubmifHons however to him

gained their end, wJaich was to provoke the Whigs to be pee^

viTh and uneaCy. Our Fleet failed towards the Iflc of RhcB^

with fome Bomb Veffels : 3ome fmall Ifl^nds were burnt and

-plundered, as St. Martins was bombarded : The lofs the French

made, was not confiderable in itfelf, but it put tlieir affairs i^

great diftradion : and the charge they were at in defending

their Coaft, was much greater than ours in attacking it. This

was the ftate of affairs in Enghndy and abroad, during this

Summer.

Scotland was falling under great mifery, by reafon of two Affairs id
-fucceflive bad Harveflg, which exhaufted that Nation, and drove ■^'f"^^""^*
away many of their People 5 the greateft number went over to
Ireland : A Parliament was held at Edinburgh^ and in a very
•thin Houfe, every thing that was asked was granted : They
-were in a miferahle condition, for two fuch bad years lay ex-
tremely heavy on them.

This Summer, the French were making fteps towards a Peace ; a treaty of
The Court was very uneafy under fo long and fo deftrudive ^""^J ^"j^""
a War ; Tjie Country was exhaufted, they had neither men French.
nor money : Their Trade was funk to nothing, and publick
Credit was loft : The Creation of new Offices, which always
was confidered as a refource, never to be exhaufted, did not
work as formerly ; Few buyers or undertakers appeared : That
King's health was thought declining ; He affeded fecrecy and
retirement, fo that both the temper of his mind,' and the ftate
of his affairs, difpofed him to deftre a Peace. One Callieres
was lent, to make propofitions to the States, as Z)' /Ivaux was
prefling the King of Sweden to offer his Mediation : The States
would hearken to no propolition, till two Preliminaries were
agreed to ;* The firft was, that all things fhould be brought back
to the ftate, in which they were put, by the Treaties of Munfier
and Nimeguen. This imported, not only the reftoring Mom
and Charier oy^ but likewife Strasburg and Luxembourg, and
that, in the ftate which they were in at prefent ; The other

Pre-

«^;Uii'i;

<i8o The History of the Reign

1696 Preliminary was, that Fra7ice flioiild own the King, whenlbevef
L^'V'^ the Peace fhould be concluded. The Emperor, who defigned
to keep off any Negotiation as much as pofUble, moved that
this {hould be done before the Treaty was opened : But the
King thought the other was fufEcient, and would not fuffer the
Peace to be obftru6led, by a thing, that might feem perfonal to
himfelf. To all this, the Court of France^ after fome delays,
confentcd ; But that fpirit of Chicane and Injuftice, that had
feigned fo long in that Court, did ftill appear in every ftep that
was made : For they made ufe of equivocal terms, in every Pa-
per that was offered in their name : The States had felt the ef-
fects of thefe in former Treaties too fenfibly, not to be now on
their guard againft them : The French ftill returned to them,
and when fome points feemed to be quite fettled, new diffi-
culties were ftill thrown in. It was propofed by the French^
that the PopiHi Religion muft continue ftill at Strasburg, that
the King of France could not in confcience yield that point :
It was alfo pretended, that Luxembourg was to be reftored in the
fame ftate, in which it was when the French took it s Thefe
variations did almoft break off the Negotiation ; but the French
would not let it fall, and yielded them up again : So it was vi-
able all this was only an amufement, and an artifice, by this
fhew of Peace, to get the Parliament of England to declare
for it : Since as a Trading Nation muft grow weary of War, fo
the Party they had among us, would join in with the inclina-
tion, that was now become general to promote the Peace : For
tho' our affairs were in all refpedts, except that of the Coin,
in fo good a condition, that we felt our felves grow richer by the
War, yet during each Campaign, we ran a greater rifque, than
our Enemies did : For all our prefervation hung on the fingle
thread of the King's Life, and on that profped, the Party, that
Wrought againft the Government, had great hopes, and aded
with much fpirit during the War, which we had reafon to think
muft fink with a Peace.
A Seffion of The Parliament met in November ; And at the opening of
in^^w^ylw. the iSeffion, the King, in his Speech to the two Houfes, ac-
quainted them with the Overtures, that were made towards a
Peace : But added, that the beft way to obtain a good one
was, to be in a pofture for carrying on the War. The great
difficulty was, to find a Way to reftore Credit : There v^as a great
Arrear due ; All Funds had proved deficient ; And the total
failing of the Land Bank had brought a great confiifion on all
payments ; The Arrears were put upon the Funds of the Re-
venue, which had been granted for a term of but five years, and

that

of King William III. i8i

that was now ending; So a new continuance of thofe Revenues 1696
was granted ; and they were put under the management of -<?^^**^
the Bank of England^ which upon that fecurity, undertook the
payment of them all. It was long before all this was fully fet-
tled : The Bank was not willing to engage in it ; yet at laft
it was agreed : And the Bank quickly recovered its Credit fo
entirely, that there was no difcount upon the Notes. The Arrear
amounted to ten Millions : And five Millions more were to be
raifed for the Charge of the following year. So that one SeiTion
was to fecure fifteen Millions, a Sum never before thought pof-
fible to be provided for, in any one Seflion. There was not
Specie enough, for giving that quick circulation, which is ne-
ceffary for Trade ; So to remedy that, the Treafury was em-
powered to give out Notes, to the value of almoft three Milli-
ons, which were to circulate as a Species of Money, and to be
received in Taxes, and were to fink gradually, as the money
fhould arife out of the Fund, that was created to anfwer them;
By thefe methods, all the demands, both for Arrears, and for the
following year, were anfwered. The Commons fent a Bill to
the Lords, limiting Eledions to future Parliaments, that none
fhould be chofen, but thofe who had fuch a proportion of Ef-
tate or Money 5 The Lords rejected it : They thought it rea-
fonable to leave the Nation to their freedom, in choofing their
Reprefentatives in Parliament : It feemed both unjufl: and cruel,
that if a poor man had fo fair a Reputation, as to be chofen,
notwithftanding his Poverty, by thofe, who were willing to pay
him Wages, that he fhould be branded with an Incapacity, be-
caufe of his fmall eftate. Corruption in Eled:ions was to be
apprehended from the rich, rather than from the poor. Ano-
ther Bill was fent up by the Commons, but rejefted by the
Lords, prohibiting the Importation of all Eaji-India Silks, and
Bengales : This was propofed, to encourage the Silk Manu-
fadure at home ; And Petitions were brought for it by great
multitudes, in a very tumultuary way 5 But the Lords had no
regard to that.

The great bufinefs of this Seflion, that held longeft in both pg„„j,j^f^'^
Houfes, was a Bill relating to Sir yohn Fenwick : The thing was Bufinefs.
of fo particular a nature, that it deferves to be related in a fpe-
cial manner 3 And the great fhare that I bore in the Debate,
when it was in the Houfe of Lords, makes it more neceffary
for me copioufiy to enlarge upon it : For it may at firft view,
feem very liable to exception, that a man of my Profeflion .^

fhould enter fo far into a Debate of that nature. Fenwicky when
he was firft taken, writ a Letter to his Lady, fetting forth his
V o L. II. A a a Mis-

1 82 The History of the Reign

1696 Misfortune, and giving himfelf for dead, unlefs powerful appli-
^-'i^'V*''^ cations could be made for him, or that fome of the Jury could
be hired to ftarve out the reft ; and to that he added, This or
nothing can fave my Life : This Letter was taken from the per-
fon, to whom he had given it : At his firft Examination, be-
fore the Lords Juftices, he denied every thing," till he was fhew-
ed this Letter ; and then he was confounded. In his private
Treaty with the Duke of Devonjhirey he defired an affurance of
Life, upon his promife to tell all he knew ; But the King re-
fufed that, and would have it left to himfelf, to judge of the
truth, and the importance of the difcoveries, he fhould make.
So he refolving to call himfelf on the King's Mercy, fent him
a Paper, in which, after a bare account of the Confultations
among the Jacobites (in which he took care to charge none of
his own Party) he faid, that King JameSy and thofe who were
employed by him, h^d aflured them, that both the Earls of
Shrewsbury and Marlborough^ the Lord Godolphin^ and Admiral
Ruffely were reconciled to him, and were now in his Interefts, and
a6ting for him. This was a Difcovery that could fignify nothing,
but to give the King a jealoufy of thofe perfons ; For he did
not ojffer the leaft fhadow or circumftance, either of proof or
of prefumption, to fupport this accufation. The King, not be-
ing fatisfied herewith, fent an Order for bringing him to a
Trial, unlefs he made fuller Difcoveries : He deflred to be fur-
ther examined by the Lords Juftices, to whom he, being upon
Oath, told fome more Particulars 3 But he took care to name
none of his own fide, but thofe againft whom Evidence was
already brought, or who were fafe and beyond Sea ; Some few
others he named, who were in matters of lefs Confequence,
that did not amount to High Treafon ; He owned a thread of
Negotiations, that had paffed between them and King James^
or the Court of France \ He faid, the Earl of Ailesbury had
gone over to Franc e^ and had been admitted to a private Au-
dience of the French King, where he had propofed the fending
over an Army of 30000 Men, and had undertaken that a great
Body of Gentlemen and Horfes fhould be brought to join them :
It appeared by his Difcoveries, that the Jacobites in England
were much divided : Some were called Compounders, and others
Noncompounders. The firft fort defired Securities from King
yameSy for the prefervation of the Religion and Liberties of
England 'j whereas, the fecond fort were for trufting him upon
difcretion, vdthout asking any terms, putting all in his power,
and relying entirely on his honour and generofity. Thefe feem-
ed indeed to ad more fuitably to the great Principle, upon

which

of King William III. 1S3

which they all infifted, that Kings have their Power from God, 1696
and are accountable only to him for the exercife of it. Dr. i-^^^^^V^vJ
Lloydj the deprived Bifhop of Norwich, was the only eminent
Clergyman that went into this : And therefore, all that Party
had, upon Sancroft\ Death, recommended him to King James,
to have his nomination for Canterbury.

Fenwick put all this in writing, upon aflurance, that he fhould j^''"^ ^^'
not be forced to witneis any part of it. When that was fent to
the King, all appearing to be fo trifling, and no other proof
being offered, for any part of it, except his own word, which
he had ftipulated, fhould not be made ufe of, his Majefty fent
an Order to bring him to his Trial. But as the King was flow
in fending this Order, fo the Duke of Devon/hire, who had
been in the fecret Management of the matter, was for fome
time in the Country : The Lords Jufl:ices delayed the matter,
till he came to Town : And then the King's coming was fo
near, that it was refpited till he came over. By thefe delays,
Fenwick gained his main defign in them, which was to pradlife
upon the Witnefles.

His Lady began with Porter ; He was offered, that if he Praftices
would go beyond Sea, he fhould have a good Sum in hand, U^^^"'
and an Annuity fecured to him for his Life ; He hearkned fo
far to the propofltion, that he drew thofe, who were in Treaty
with hinij together with the Lady herfelf, who carried the Sum,
that he was to receive, to a meeting, where he had provided
Witnefles, who fliould over-hear all that paffed, and fliould, up-
on a Signal, come in, and feize them with the money ; which
was done, and a profecution upon it was ordered. The prac-
tice was fully proved, and the perfons concerned in it were
cenfured, and punifhed : So Porter was no more to be dealt
with. Goodman was the other Witnefs \ Firft they gathered
matter to defame him, in which his wicked courfe of Life fur-
niflied them very copioflyj But they trufted not to this me-
thod, and betook themfelves to another, in which they prevail-
ed more effed:ually ; They perfuaded him to go out of Eng-
land : And by this means, when the laft: Orders were given for
Fe?iwick\ Trial, there were not two Witnefles againft him ; So by
the courfe of Law, he mufl have been acquitted : The whole was
upon this kept entire for the SefTion of Parliament. The King
fent to the Houfe of Commons the two Papers that Fen-
wick had fent him ; Fenwick was brought before the Houfe :
But he refufed to give any farther account of the matter con-
tained in them ; So they rejeded them as falfe and fcandalous,
made only to create jealoufies : And they ordered a Bill of At-
tainder

1 84 The H I s T o R Y ^^/^ the Reign

1696 tainder to be brought againft iv^iy/ci ; which met with great
K^ir^^y^''^ oppofition in both Houfes, in every ftep that was made. The
Debates were the hotteft, and held the longeft, of any that ever
I knew. The Lords took a very extraordinary method to force
all their abfent Members to come up ; They fent Mefl'engers for
them to bring them up, which feemed to be a great Breach on
their Dignity ; For the Privilege of making a Proxy was an un-
doubted Right belonging to their Peerage ; But thofe, who in-
tended to throw out the Bill, refolved to have a full Houfe.
A Bill of The Bill fet forth the Artifices, Fenwick had ufed to gain de-
^ aT'IiF ^^y^ > ^^^ ^^ pra6lice upon Porter^ and Goodmans efcape ;
'wick. the laft having fworn Treafon againft him at CooKs Trial, and
likewife to the Grand Jury, who had found the Bill againft
him upon that Evidence. So now Porter appearing, and giv-
ing his Evidence againft him, and the Evidence that Goodman
had given, being proved, it was inferred, that he was guilty
of High Treafon, and that therefore he ought to be Attainted.
Reafons The fubftancc of the Arguments brought againft this way

againft It. ^£ pj-QcggfJing^ was, that the Law was all Mens Security, as
well as it ought to be their Rule : If this was once broke thro',
no Man was fafe : Men would be prefumed guilty without legal
proofs, and be run down, and deftroyed by a torrent : Two
Witneffes feemed neceflary, by an indifputable Law of Juftice,
to prove a Man guilty : The Law of God given to Mofes,
as well as the Law of England^ made this neceflary : And,
befides all former ones, the Law lately made for Trials in
Cafes of Treafon, was fuch a facred one, that it was to be
hoped, that even a Parliament would not make a Breach upon
it. A written Depofition was no Evidence, becaufe the Perfon
accufed could not have the benefit of crofs interrogating the
Witnefs, by which much falfe fwearing was often detected :
Nor could the Evidence given in one Trial be brought againft
a Man, who was not a party in that Trial : The Evidence that
was offered to a Grand Jury, was to be examined all over again
at the Trial ; Till that was done, it was not Evidence. It did
not appear, that Fenwick himfelf was concerned in the pradlice
upon Porter ; What his Lady did, could not be charged on
him : No Evidence was brought, that Goodjna7i was pradis'd on ;
So his withdrawing himfelf could not be charged on Fenwick,
Some very black things were proved againft Goodman^ which
would be ftrong to fet afic'e his Teftimony, tho' he were prefent ;
And that proof, which had been brought in CooKs Trial, againft
Porters Evidence, was again made ufe of, to prove that as he
was the Angle Witnefs, fo he was a doubtful and fufpeded

one:

tf King William 111.^ iiy

one : Nor was it proper, that a Bill of this nature fhould begin 1 696
ill the Houfe of Commons, which could not take Examination^ ^-^^^^^^
upon Oath. This was the fubftarlce bf thfc Arguitietits, tliat
were utged againft the Bill.

On the other hahd, it Was faid, in behalf of the Bill, that .^q^
the nature of Government required, that the Legiflature fliould y^^r^
be recurred to, in extraordinary Cafes, for which effedlual Pro- ^"g^f ^'^''
Vifion could not be made by fixed and ftanding Laws : Our
Common Law grew up out of the Proceedings of the Courts of
Law : Afterwards, This iii cafes of Treafon was thought too loole,
fo the Law in this point was limited, firft by the famous Statute in
King Edward the Third's time, and then by the Statute in King
Edward the Sixth's time ; the two WitnefTes were to be brought
face to face with the perfon accufed : And that the Law, lately
made, had brought the method of Trials to a yet further cer-
tainty ; Yet in that, as well as in the Statute of Edward IIL
Parliamentary Proceedings were ftill excepted ; And indeed, the'
no fuch provifion had been exprefly made in the Ads themfelves,
the nature of Government puts always an exception, in favour
of the Legiflative Authority. The Legiflature Was indeed bound
to obferve Juftice and Equity, as much, if not more, than the
inferior Courts ; Becaufe the Supreme Court ought to fet an
Example to all others : But they might fee caufe td pafs over
Forms, as occafion fliould require ; This was the more reafon-
able among us, becaufe there was no Nation in the World be- '
fides England^ that had riot recourfe to Torture, when the Evi-
dence was probable but defective r That was a mighty refl:raint,'
and flruck a terror into all People ; And the freeft Govern-
ments, both antient and modern, thought they could not fubfift
without it. At prefent, the Venetians have their Civil Inquifi-
tors, and the Grifons have their High Courts of Juftice, which
adb without the Forms of Law, by the abfolute Truft that is
repofed in them, fuch as the Romans repofed in Didators, in
the time of their Liberty. England had neither Torture, nor any
unlimited Magiftrate in its Conftitution ; And therefore, upon
great Emergencies, recourfe mtift be had to die Supreme Legi-
slature. Forms are neceflary in fuborbinate Courts ; But there'
is no reafon to tie up the Supreme One by them : This me-
thod of Attainder, had been praftifed among us at ill times *
It is true, what was done in this way at one time, was often .
reverfed at another ; But that was the effed: of the violence of
the Times; and was occafioned often, by the injuftice ofthofe
Attainders : The Judgments of the infericw Courts were npon
Vol. n. B b b th6

1 86 T^f^^ History of the Reign

1697 the like account often reverfed ; But when ParHamentary At-
u?=='V*'''5>J tainders went upon good grounds, tho' without obferving the
Forms of Law, they were never blamed, not to fay condemn-
ed. When poifoning was firft pradifed in England^ and put
in a pot of Porridge in the Bifhop of Rochefier\ Houle, this,
which was only Felony, was by a Ipecial Law made to be High
Treafon; And a new Punifhment was appointed' by A61 of
Parliament : The Poifoner was boiled alive. When the Nun
of Kent pretended to Vifions, to oppofe King He?ity the Eighth's
Divorce, and his fecond Marriage ; and faid, if he married again,
he fhould not live long after it, but fhould die a Villain's
death ; This was judged in Parliament to be High Treafon ; And
fhe and her Accomplices fuffered accordingly. After that,
there paffed many Attainders in that Reign, only upon Depo-
fitions, that were read in both Houfes of ParHament : It is true,
thefe were much blamed, and there was great caufe for it ;
There were too many of them ; For this extream way of pro-
ceeding is to be put in pradice but feldom, and upon great
occafions ; Whereas, many of thefe went upon flight grounds,
fuch as the uttering fome paflionate and indecent Words, or
the uling fome Embroidery in Garments and Coats of Arms,
with an ill intent. But that, which was indeed execrable, was,
that perfbns in Prifon were attainted, without being heard in
their own defence ; This was fo contrary to natural Jufcice, that
it could not be enough condemned. In King Edward the Sixth's
time, the Lord Seimour was attainted in the fame manner, only
with this difference, that the Witnefles were brought to the Bar,
and there examined ; Whereas, formerly, they proceeded upon
fome Depofltions, that were read to them : At the Duke of So-
merfet\ Trial, which was both for High Treafon and for Felony,
in which he was acquitted of the former, but found guilty of
the latter, Depofitions were only read againft him; But the
Witneffes were not brought face to face, as he preffed, they
might be : Upon which it was, that the following Parliament
enafted, that the Accufers (that is the Witneffes) fhould be exa-
mined face to face, if they were alive : In Queen Elizabeth^
time, the ParUament went out of the method of Law, in all
the fteps of their Proceedings againft the Queen of Scots ; It is
true, there were no Parliamentary Attainders in England^ during
that long and glorious Reign, upon which, thofe who oppofed
the Bill, infifted much ; Yet that was only, becaufe -there then
was no occafion here in England for any fuch Bill : But in h-e-
landy where fome things were notorioufly true, which yet could
not be legally proved, that Government was forced to have, on
wb ' ii^any

of king William III. 187

many different occafions, recourfe to this method. In King Jafncs 1697
the Firft's time, thofc who were concemed in the Gunpowder Plot, U5^'v^^»J
and chofe to be killed, rather than taken, were by A6t of
Parliament, attainted after their death ; which the Courts of
Law could not do, fmce by our Law, a Man's Crimes die
with himfelf ; for this reafon, becaufe he cannot make his own
Defence, nor can his Children do it for him. The famous At-
tainder of the Earl of Strafford^ in King Charles the Firft's time^
has been much and juftly cenfured ; not fo much, becaufe it paft
by Bill, as becaufe of the Injuftice of it : He was accufcd, for
having faid, upon the Houfe of Commons refufing to grant
the Subfidies, the King had asked. That the King was abfohed
from all the Rules of Government ^ and might make ufe of force to
fuhdue this Kingdom. Thefe words were proved only by one
Witnels, all the reft of the Council, who were prefent, depo-
sing, that they remembred no fuch Words, and were poiitive,
that the Debate ran only upon the War with Scotland ; So that
tho' this Kingdom^ ^iigly taken, muft be meant of Englandy
yet it might well be meant of that Kingdom^ which was the
Subjed: then of the Debate ; Since then the words were capable
of that favourable fenfe, and that both he who fpoke them,
and they who heard them, affirmed that they were meant and
underftood in that fenfe, it was a moft pernicious Precedent,
firft to take them in the moft odious fenfe pofTible, and then to
deftroy him who faid them, upon the teftimony of one fingle
exceptionable Witnefs ; Whereas, if, upon the Commons refu-
ling to grant the King's demand, he had plainly advifed the
King to lubdue his people by force, it is hard to tell, what the
Parliament might not juftly have done, or would not do again in
the like cafe. In King Charles the Second's time, fome of the moft
eminent of the Regicides were attainted, after they were dead ;
and in King fames % time, the Duke of Monmouth was attainted
by Bill : Thefe laft Attainders had their firft beginning in the
Houfe of Commons. Thus it appeared, that thefe laft two
hundred years, not to mention much ancienter Precedents, tlie
Nation had upon extraordinary occafions proceded in this Par-
liamentary way by Bill. There were already many Precedents
of this method j And whereas it was faid, that an ill Parlia-
ment might carry thefe too far ; It is certain, the Nation, and
every Perfon in it, muft be fafe, when they are in their own
hands, or in thofe of a Reprefentative chofen by themfelves : As
on the other hand, if that be ill chofen, there is no help for
it ; the Nation muft perifti, for it is by their own fault ; They
have already too many Precedents for this way of proceeding,

if ♦

1 88 The History of the ReigH

1697 if they intend to make an ill nfe of them: But a Precedent is
V'^'^^^'"''^ only a ground or warrant for the like proceeding, upon thfe

like occafion.
Thegrounds Xwo Rules Were laid down fcr all Bills of this nature : Firft,
fJTh a Bill that the Matter be of a very extraordinary nature : Leffer Crimes
"^^^ d^'^uft^ ^"^^ better be paffed over, than punifhed by the Legiflature. Of
all the Crimes, that can be contrived againft the Nation,* cer-
tainly the moft heinous one is, that of bringing in a Foreign
Force to conquer us : This ruines both Us, and our Pofterity for
ever : Diftradions at home, how fatal foever, even tho' they
fhould end ever fo tragically, as ours once did in the Murder of
the King, and in a MiUtary Ufurpation, yet were capable of a
Grifis and a Cure. In the Year i66o, we came again to our
wits, and all was fet right again ; Whereas, there is no prop-
ped: after a Foreign Conqueft, but of Slavery and Mifery : And
how black foever the affaffmating the King muft needs appearj
yet a Foreign Conqueft was worfe, it was aflaflinating the King-
dom : And therefore the inviting ■ and contriving that, muft be
the blackeft of Crimes. But, as the importance of the matter
ought to be equal to fuch an unufual way of proceeding, fd
the certainty of the Fa6ls ought to be fuch, that if the defed^
in Legal Proof, are to be fupplied, yet this ought to be done
upon fuch grounds, as make the Fad charged appear fo evi-
dently true, that tho' a Court of Law could not proceed upon
it, yet no Man could raife in himfelf a doubt concerning it.
Antiently, Treafon was judged, as Felony ftill' is, upon fuch
prcfumptions, as fatisfied the Jury : The Law has now limited
this to two Witnefles brought face to face ; But the Parliament
may ftill take that liberty, which is denied to Inferior Courts,
of judging this matter, as an ordinary Jury does in a cafe of
Felony. In the prefent cafe, there was one Witnefs, viva voce^
upon whofe Teftimony, feveral Perfons had been condemned j
and had fufiered ; And thefe neither at their Trial, nor at their
Death, difproved or denied any circumftance of his Depofttions.
If he had been too much a Libertine in the courfe of his Life,
that did not deftroy his credit as a Witnefs : In the firft Tri-
al, this might have made him a doubtful Witnefs j But what
had happened fmce, had deftroyed the poflibility even of fuf-
peding his Evidence ; A Party had been in intereft concerned
to enquire into his whole Life, and in the prefent cafe had
full time for it ; And every circumftance of his Depofition had
been examined ; and yet nothing was difcovered that could fo-
much as create a doubt ; All was ftill untouched, found and
true. The only circumftance in which the dying Speeches of
• thofe

I

of King William IIL 189

thbfe who fuffer'd on his Evidence, feemed to contradict him^ 1697
was concerning King y antes ^ Commifllori : Yet none of them u;^'>/''^»*
denied really what Porter had depofed, whicli was, that Char^
nock told him, that there was a Commifllon, come from King
yamesy for attacking the Prince of Orange\ Guards : They on-
ly denied, that there was a CommifTion for afTaffinating himi
Sir yohn Friend^ and Sir IVilliam Perkins, were condemned^
for the Confultation now given in Evidence againft Fenwick :
They died, not denying it ; on the contrary, they juftified all
they had done : It could not be fuppofed, that, if there had
been a tittle in the Evidence that was falfe, they fhould both
have been {o far wanting to themfelves, and to their friends,
who were to be tried upon the fame Evidence, as not to have
declared it in the folemneft manner : Thefe things were
more undeniably certain, than the Evidence of ten Witniefles
could poflibly be. Witnefles might confpire to fwear a falf-
hood ; But in this cafe, the Circumftances took away the pofll-
bility of a doubt. And therefore, the Parliament, without tak-
ing any notice of Goodmans Evidence, might well judge Fen-
wick guilty, for no Man could doubt of it, in his own mind.

The ancient Romans were very jealous of their Liberty ; But
how exadi foever they might be in ordinary Cafes, yet when
any of their Citizens feemed to have a Defign of making him-
felf King, they either created a Didator to fupprefs, or deftroy
him, . or elfe the People proceeded againft him, in a fummary
way. By the Portian Law, no Citizen could be put to Death
for any Crime whatfoever ; yet fuch regard did the Romans pay
to Juftice, even above Law, that, when the Campanian Legion
had perfidioufly broke in upon Rhegium, and pillaged it, they
put them all to Death for it. In the famous cafe of Cati/ine^s
Confpiracy, as the Evidence was clear, and the Danger extream ;
The Accomplices in it, were executed, notwithftanding the Por^
tian Law : And this was done by the Order of the Senate, with-
out either hearing them make their own Defence, or admit-
ting them to claim the Right, which the Valerian Law gave
them, of an Appeal to the People. Yet that whole Proceed-
ing was chiefly direded by the two greateft Afferters of Publick
Liberty, that ever lived, Cato and Cicero ; And Ceefar, who
oppofed it, on pretence of its being againft the Portian Law,
was for that reafon, fufpedted of being in the Confpiracy : It
appeared afterwards, how Httle regard he had, either to Law
or Liberty, though, upon this occafion, he made ufe of the one,
to proted thofe, who were in a Plot againft the other. This

Vol. 11. C cc Ex-

paired.

190 The History of the Reign

169^ ExprefTion was much refented by thofe, who were againft this
t^J'^^V"^ Bill, as carrying a bitter refleftion upon them^ for oppofing it.
The Bill In concluiion, the Bill paffed, by a fmall Majority, of only

feven in the Houfe of Lords ; The Royal AfTent was foon given
to it ; Fenwick then made all pofTible applications to the King for
a Reprieve ; And as a main ground for that, and as an article of
merit, related how he had faved the King's Life, two years before,
as Was already told in the beginning of the Year 1695. 'But as
this Fad: could not be proved, fo it could confer no obligation
on the King, fince he had given him no warning of his danger ;
And according to his own ftory, had trufted the Confpirators
words very ealily, when they promifed to purfue their defign no
farther, which he had no reafon to do. So that this pretenfion
was not much confidered ; But he was preft to make a full
Difcovery ; And for fome days, he feemed to be in fome fuf-
pence, what courfe to take. He defired to be fecured, that
nothing which he confeft, fliould turn to his own prejudice ;
The Houfe of Lords fent an Addrefs to the King, intreating,
that they might be at liberty to make him this Promife ; And
that was readily granted. He then farther defired, that, upon
his making a full Confeflion, he might be aflured of a Pardon,
without being obliged to become a Witnefs againft any other
Perfon : To this, the Lords anfwered, that he had to do with
Men of Honour, and that he muft truft to their Difcretion ; that
they would mediate for him with the King, in proportion as they
fhould find his Difcoveries fincere and important : His behaviour
to the King hitherto, had not been fuch, as to induce the Lords
to truft to his Candour, it was much more reafonable, that he
fhould truft to them. Upon this, all hopes of any Difcoveries
from him were laid afide. But a matter of another nature broke
out, which, but for its fingular Circumftances, fcarce deferves to
be mentioned.
Praaices There was one Smithy a Nephew of Sir William Perkins,

againft the who had for fome time been in Treaty at the Duke of Shrews-
shreJs- hury\ Office, pretending that he could make great Difcoveries,
bury. and that he knew all the motions and defigns of the Jaco-
bites : He fent many dark and ambiguous Letters to that Duke's
Under-Secretary, which were more 'properly to be called A-
mufements than Difcoveries ; For he only gave hints and Icraps
of Stories ; but he had got a promife not to be made a Wimefs,
and yet he never offered any other Witnefs, nor told where any
of thofe, he informed againft, were lodged, or how they might
be taken. He was always asking more Money, and bragging

what

of King William 111^' 19;

what he could do, if he were well fupplied, and he feemed to 1697
think he never had enough. Indeed, before the Confpiracy v-/c?^^*^%>J
broke out, he had given fuch hints, that when it was difcover-
ed, it appeared, he mufl: have known much more of it, than
he thought fit to tell. One Letter he wrote, two days before
it was intended to have been put in Execution, fhewed, he muft
have been let into the Secret very far (if this was not an arti^
fice to lay the Court more aileep) for he faid, That as things
ripened and came near execution, he fhould certainly know
them better : It was not improbable, that he himfelf was one
of the five, whom Perkins undertook to furnifh, for afiifting
in the AfiTafTination ; And that he hoped to have faved himfelf
by this pretended Difcovery, in cafe the Plot mifcarried. The
Duke of Shrewsbury acquainted the King with his Difcoveries,
but nothing could then be made either of them or of him.
When the whole Plot was unravelled, it then was manifeft from
his Letters, that he muft have known more of it, than he would
own : But he ftill claimed the Promife before made him, that
he fhould not be a Witnefs. Upon the whole therefore, he rather
deferved a fcvere Punifhment, than any of thofe Rewards, which he
pretended to. He was accordingly difmift by the Duke of Shreivs-
buryy who thought that even this fufpicious Behaviour of his did
not releafe him, firom keeping the Promifes he had made him.
Smithy thereupon, went to the Earl of ^^^ and poffeft him
with bad impreflions of the Duke of Shrewsbury, and found
him much inclined to entertain them ; He told him, that he
had made great Difcoveries, of which that Duke would take:
no notice ; And becaufe the Duke's ill Health had obliged him
to go into the Country, two days before the Aflaflination was
intended ; He put this conftrudion upon it, that he was willing
to be out of the way, when the King was to be murthered.
To fix this imputation, he fhewed him the Copies of all bis
Letters, all of which, but the laft more efpecially, had the face
of a great Difcovery. The Lord ^^* carried this to Court,
and it made fuch an impreflion there, that the Earl of Portland
lent Smith Money, and entertained him as a Spy, but never
could by his means learn any one real piece of Intelligence.
When this happened, the King was juft going beyond Sea ; So
Smith\ Letters were taken, and fcaled up by the King's Order,
and left in the hands of Sir William T'rumbally who was the
other Secretary of State. This matter lay quiet, till Fenwick
began to make Difcoveries: And when Lord ^* underftood,
that he had not named himfelf (about which he expreft too
vehement a concern) but that he had named Lord Shrewsbury^

it

192 "The History of the Reign

1697 it was faid, that he entred into a Negotiation with the Dutch-
^^'^"""^"'^'^ efs of Norfolk^ that fhe fhould, by Fenwick\ Lady, encourage
him to perfift in his Difcoveries ; And that he didated fome
Papers to the Dutchefs, that fhould be offered to him, as an
additional one ; In which, many little ftories were related, which
had been told the King, and might be believed by him ; And
by thefe, the King might have been difpofed to believe the reft
of Fenwick's Paper; And the whole ended in fome Difcove-
ries concerning Smith, which would naturally occafion his Let-
ters to be called for, and then they would probably have
had great effect. The Dutchefs of Norfolk declared, that he
had dilated all thefe Schemes of his to her, who copied tliem,
and handed them to Fenwick ; And that he had left one Paper
with her ; It was fhort, but contained an Abftrad: of the whole
defign, and referred to a larger one, which he had only dic-
tated to her. The Dutchefs faid, fhe had placed a Gentle-
woman, who carried her Meffages to Fenwick\ Lady, to over-
hear all that paft ; So that fhe both had another Witnefs, to
fupport the Truth of what fhe related, and a Paper left by
him with her. She faid, that Fenwick would not be guided
by him ; And faid, he would not meddle with contrived Dif-
coveries : That thereupon this Lord was highly provoked ; He
faid, if Fenwick would follow his Advice, he would certainly
fave him ; But if he would not, he would get the Bill to pafs.
And indeed, when that matter was depending, he fpoke two
full hours in the Houfc of Lords, in favour of the Bill, with
a peculiar vehemence. Fenwick\ Lady, being much provok-
ed at this, got her Nephew the Earl of Carlile, to move the
Lords, that Fenwick might be examined, concerning any Ad-
vices that had been fent him, with relation to his Difcove-
ries : And upon this, Fenwick told what his Lady had brought
him, and thereupon, the Dutchefs of Norfolk and her Confi-
dent were likewife interrogated, and gave the account which
I have here related : In conclufion. Smiths Letters were read,
and he himfelf was examined : This held the Lords feverai
days ; For the Earl of Portland^ by the King's Orders, produc-
ed all Smith\ Papers : By them it appeared, that he was a
very infignificant Spy, who was always infifting in his old ftrain
of asking Money, and taking no care to deferve it. The Earl
of *^^ was, upon the Accufation and Evidence above-men-
tioned, fent to the Tower, and turned out of all his Employ-
ments. But the Court had no mind to have the matter far-
ther examined into ; For the King fpoke to my felf to do all I
could, to foften his Cenfure, which he afterwards acknowledg-
ed

of King William IH. 193

cd I had done. I did not know what new fcheme of Confu- 1697
fion might have been opened by him, in his own excufe. The U5!'*v^^>«J
Houfe of Lords was much fet againft him, and feemed refolv-
ed to go great Lengths : To allay that heat, I put them in
mind, that he fet the Revolution firft on foot, and was a great
promoter of it, coming twice over to Holland^ to that end ; I
then moved, that he fhould be fent to the Tower ; This was
agreed to, and he lay there till the end of the Seflion, and
was removed from all his Places : But that lofs, as was believ-
ed, was fecretly made up to him, for the Court was refolved
not to lofe him quite.

Feriwkk feeing no hope was left, prepared himfelf to die ; Fen'xicVi
He defired the afliftance of one of the deprived Bifliops, which ^''^^""°"'
was not eafily granted ; But in that, and in feveral other mat-
ters, I did him fucli fervice, that he wrote me a Letter of
thanks upon it. He was beheaded on 'Tower-Hill^ and died
very compofed, in a much better temper, than was to be
expe6led ; For his Life had been very irregular. At the place
of his Execution, he delivered a Paper in writing, wherein he
did not deny the Fads, that had been fworn againft him, but
complained of the Injuftice of the Procedure, and left his
Thanks to thofe, who had voted againft the Bill. He owned
his Loyalty to King "James^ and to the Prince of Wales after
him ; But mentioned the Defign of affaflinating King Willi-
am^ in terms full of horror. The Paper was fuppofed to have
been drawn by Bifhop White^ and the Jacobites were much
provoked with the Paragraph, laft mentioned. This was the
conclufion of that unacceptable affair, in which I had a much
larger fhare, than might feem to become a Man of my Profef-
lion : But the Houfe of Lords, by fevere Votes, obliged all
the Peers to be prefent, and to give their Votes in the matter :
Since I was therefore convinced, that he was guilty of the
Crime laid to his charge, and that, fuch a method of proceed-
ing was not only lawful, but in fome cafes neceflary ; And
iince, by the fearch I made into Attainders and Parliamen-
tary Proceedings, when I wrote the Hijlory of the Reformation^
I had feen further into thofe matters, than otherwife I fhould ever
have done ; I thought, it was incumbent on me, when my opi-
nion determined me to the feverer fide, to offer what Reafons
occurred to me, in Juftification of,|iiy Vote. But this did not
exempt me, from falling under a great load of Cenfure, upon
this occafion.

AiToon as the Bu^nefs of the SefHon of Parliament was at A£Fa5r« in
an end, the King went beyond Sea ; The Summer pafTed over ^'^'""'*'■^•

V o L. II. D d d very

{§4 The History of the Reign

i6q7 very quietly in England^ for the Jacobites were now humble
u?''^/'''^>»^ and filent. The French were refolved to have Peace at any rate,
by the end of the Year ; They therefore ftudied to pufb matters
as far as pofTible, during this Campaign, that they might obtain
the better terms, and that their King might ftill, to outward
appearance, maintain a Superiority in the Field, as if nothing
could ftand before him, and from thence might indulge his
Vanity in boafting, that, notwithftanding all his SuccefTes, he was
willing to facrifice his own advantages, to the quiet of Euj'ope.
The Campaign Was opened with the Siege of Aeth ; The Place
was ill furnifhed, and the bad ftate, both of our Coin and Cre-
dit, fet the King's Preparations fo far back, that he could not
come in time to relieve it. From thence, the French were ad-
vancing towards Brujfels, on defign, either to take or bom-
bard it. But the King, by a very happy diligence preventing
them, poffeft himfelf of an advantageous Camp, about three
hours before the French could reach it ; by which they were
wholly incapacitated to execute their Defign. After this, there
was no more Adion in Flanders all the Summer ; The reft of
the time was ipent in Negotiation.
Barcelona The French were more fuccefsful in Catalonia ; They fent
^^en^h. * ^ ^"^ Army againft Barcelona^ commanded by the Duke of Fen-
dome, and their Fleet came to his afliftance : The Garrifon was
under the Command of a Prince of Hejfe, who had ferved
in the King's Army, and, upon changing his Religion, was
now at the head of the German Troops, that were fent into
Spain. The Viceroy (whether by a Fate common to all the
Spaniards, or from a jealoufy, that the whole Honour would
accrue to a Stranger, if the Place fhould hold out) fo entirely
negleded to do his part, that he was furprized, and his fmall
Army was routed. The Town was large and ill fortified, yet
it held out two Months, after the Trenches were opened : So
that time was given to the Spaniards, fufficient to have
brought Relief from the furtheft corner of Spain : Nothing had
happened, during the whole courfe of the War, that did more
evidently demonftrate the feeblenefs, into which that Monar-
chy was fallen ; For no Relief was fent to Barcelona, fo that
they were forced to Capitulate. By this, the French gained a
great point ; Hitherto, the Spaniards, who contributed the leaft
towards carrying on the War, were the moft backward to all
Overtures of Peace : They had felt little of the Miferies of War,
and thought themfelves out of its reach : But now, France be-
ing Mafter of fo important a Place, which out off all their Com-
munication

of King William III. 19;

inunication with Italy ; They became as earneft for Peace, as 1697
they had hitherto been averfe from it. uj^^vno

Nor was this all their Danger : A Squadron had been fcnt, a Frefich
at the fame time, to feize on the Plate Fleet in the ^eji-ln-^^^^^.^^j"^
dies ; The King ordered a Squadron, which he had lying at Ca- indiei.
diz, to fail after them, and affift the Spaniards. The French
finding, that the Galleons were already got to the Havana^
where they could not attack them, failed to Carthagena^ which
was in no condition to refift them. The Plate had all
been fent away, before they came thither ; But they landed and
pillaged the Place, and then gave it out, that they had found
many Millions there, which at firft feemed incredible, and was
afterwards known to be falfe : Yet it was confidently afferted at
that time, to cover the reproach of having mifcarried in the at-
tempt, on which they had raifed great expedations, and to
which many Undertakers had been drawn in. Our Squadron
was much fuperior to theirs, yet never engaged them : Once
indeed, they came up to the French^ and had lome Advantage
over them ; But did not purfue it. The French failed to the
North, towards Newfoundland^ where we had another Squa-
dron lying, which was fent with fome Land Forces, to reco-
ver Hudfons Bay : Thefe Ships might have fallen upon the
Frenchy and would probably have mafter'd them: But as they
had no certain account of their ftrength, fo being fent out up-
on another Service, they did not think it proper to hazard the
attacking them : So the French got fafe home, aild the Condud:
of our affairs at Sea was much cenfured : Yet our Admiralty de-
clared themfelves fatisfied, with the account the Commanders
gave of their Proceedings. But that Board was accufed of much
partiality : On all fuch occafions, the unfortunate muft expedt
to be blamed, and to outward appearance, there was much
room given, either to cenfure the Orders, or the execution of
them. The King owned, he did not underftand thofe matters :
And Rujfel, now made Earl of Orford^ had both the Admi-
ralty and the Navy Board, in a great dependance on himfelf ;
So that he was confidered almoft as much, as if he had been
Lord High Admiral : He was too much in the power of thofe,
in whom he confided, and trufted them too far : And it was
generally believed, that there was much Corruption, as it was
certain there was much Fadtion, if not Treachery, in the conduct
of our Marine. Our Mifcarriages made all people cry, that we
muft have a Peace, for we could not manage the War to any
good purpofe ; Since, notwithftanding our great fuperiority at
Sea, tlie Fre?ich conduced their matters fo much better than

us.

196 The History of the Reign

1697 us, that we were Lofers, even in that Element, where we ufed
^-^^^""^^''''^ to triumph moft. Our Squadron, in the Bay of Mexico^ did very
httle fervice; They only robbed and deftroyed fome of the
French Colonies ; And that fent to Hudfons Bay, found it quite
abandoned by the French ; fo that both returned home inglo-
rious.
^J'^'"!' ^ great change of affairs happened this year in Poland:
Death. Their King, John Sobieskiy after he had long outlived the Fame
he had got, by railing the Siege of Vienna, died at laft under a
general contempt. He was going backwards and forwards, as
his Queen's Negotiations in the Court of France were entertained
or rejected : His Government was fo feeble and disjointed at
home, that all their Diets broke up upon Preliminaries, before
they could, according to their forms, enter upon bufinefs : He
was fet on heaping up Wealth, which feemed neceflary to give
his Son an intereft in the fucceeding Eleftion. And upon his
Death, a great party appeared for him, notwithftanding the gene-
ral averfion to the Mother : But the Polip Nobility refolved to
make no hafte with their Election, they plainly fet the Crown
to Sale ; And encouraged all Candidates that would bid for it ;
One Party declared for the Prince of Conti, of which their Pri-
mate, then a Cardinal, was the Head ; The Emperor did all he
could to fupport the late King's Son ; but when he faw the
French Party were too ftrong for him, he was willing to join
with any other Pretender.
The Eieaor '^^^ Dukc of Lorratn, the Prince of Baden, and Don Li-
of Saxony i}jo Odefchalchty Pope Innocent\ Nephew, were all named ; But
\iToianI'. t^^efe not being likely to fucceed, a Negotiation was fecretly ma-
naged with the Elector of Saxony, which fucceeded fo well,
that he was prevailed on to change his Religion, to advance his
Troops towards the Frontier of Poland, to diftribute Eight
Millions of Florins among the Poles, and to promife to con--
firm all their Privileges, and in particular, to undertake the
Siege of Caminieck. He confented to all this, and declared
himfelf a Candidate, a very few Days before the Eleftion ;
And fo he was fet up by the Imperialifts, in oppofition to the
French Party : His Party became quickly fo ftrong, that tho',
upon the firft appearance at the Eledion, while every one of
the Competitors was trying his ftrength, the French Party was
the ftrongeft, and was fo declared by the Cardinal ; yet when
the other Pretenders faw, that they could not carry the Elec-
tion for themfelves, they united in oppofition to the French In-
tereft, and gave over all their Voices to the Eledor of Saxony,
by which his Party became much the ftrongeft, fo he was

pro-

of King William III. 197

proclaimed the Eledled King. The Cardinal gave notice to the 1697
Court of France^ of what had been done in favour of the ^-'C/^v*'^
Prince of Conti ; and defired that he might be fent quickly thi-
ther, well furnifhed with Arms and Ammunition, but chiefly
with Money. But the Party for Saxony made more difpatch ;
that Eledor lay nearer, and had both his Money and Troops
ready, lb he took the Oaths that were required, and got the
Change of his Religion to be attefted by the Imperial Court : He
made all the hafte he could with his Army to Cracow^ and he
was foon after Crowned, to the great joy of the Imperial Party,
but the unexpreflible trouble of all his Subjeds in Saxony.

The Secular Men, there faw, that the fupporting this Elec-
tive Crown, would ruin his Hereditary Dominions : And thofe,
who laid the concerns of the Proteftant Religion to heart, were
much more troubled, when they faw that Houfe, under whofe
Protection their Religion grew up at firfl:, now fall off to Po-
pery. It is true, the prefent Family, ever fmce Maurices tirrie,
had fhewcd very little zeal in that Caufe : The Eleded King
had fo fmall a fhare of ReUgion in himfelf, that Httle was to
be expeded from him : Nor was it much apprehended that he
would become a Bigot, or turn a Perfecutor : But fuch was the
eagernefs of the Popifli Clergy, toward the fupprefling what
they call Herefy, and the perpetual jealoufies, with which there-
fore they would poffefs the Poles^ were like to be fuch, in cafe
he ufed no violence towards his Saxon Subjects, as poflibly
might have great effedls on him ; fo that it is no wonder, if
they were ftruck with a general Conflernation, upon his revolt.
His Eledtorefs, tho' a very young perfon, defcended of the
Houfe of Brandenbourg^ exprelled fo extraordinary a meafure of
zeal and piety upon this occafion, that it contributed much to
the prefent quieting of their fears : The new King fent a Po-
pifli Statholder to Drefde?t^ but fo weak a Man, that there was
no reafon to apprehend much from any condud: of his. He
alfo fent tliem all the affurances, that could be given in words,
that he would make no Change among them, nor has he hi-
therto made any fteps towards it.

A very unufual accident happened at this time, that ferved Javenrdtd
not a little to his quiet EftablifKment on the Throne of Poland : HoitaridAnA
The Czar was fo fenfible of the defeds of his Education, that, -^"^''"'^•
in order to the corre6ling thefe, he • refolved to go a little into
the World, for better Information : He was forming great De-
ligns ; He intended to make a navigable Canal between the
Folga and the Tanais, by which, he might carry both mate-
rials and provifions for a Fleet to Azuph \ and when that Com-

V o L. II. E e e munica-

198 The History of the Reign

1697 munication was opened, he apprehended great things might be
L<?''V"'^ done afterwards ; He therefore intended to fee the Fleets of Hol-
land and England^ and to make himfelf as much Mafler of that
matter, as his Genius could rife up to. He fent an Embaffy to
Holland^ to regulate fbme matters of Commerce, and to fee if
they would aflift him in the War, he was defigning againft the
7'urk ; When the Ambaffadors v/ere fet out, he fettled his Af-
fairs in fuch hands, as he trufted moft to, and with a fmall re-
tinue of two or three Servants, he fecretly followed his Ambaf-
ladors, and quickly overtook them ; He difcovered himfelf firft
to the Eleftor oi Brandenhourg^ who was then in Prujffiay look-
ing on the Difpute, that was like to arife in Poland^ in which,
if a War fhould follow, he might be forced to have a fhare :
The Czar concerned himfelf much in the matter, not only by
reafon of the Neighbourhood, but becaufe he feared, that if
the French Party fhould prevail, France being in an Alliance
with the lurk^ a King fent from thence would probably, not
only make a Peace with the Tta'k^ but turn his Arms againft
himfelf, which would hinder all his Defigns for a great Fleet.
The French Party was ftrongeft in Lithuania : Therefore the
Czar fent Orders to his Generals, to bring a great Army to the
Frontier of that Dutch y, to be ready to break into it, if a War
fhould begin in Poland : And we were told, that the terror of
this had a great effed: : From Prujfta^ the Czar went into Hol-
land^ and thence came over to England -y therefore I will refer
all that I fhall (ay concerning him, to the time of his leaving
England.
The Prince A Fleet was Ordered at Dunkirk^ to carry the Prince of Conti
failed to to Poland : A Squadron of ours, that lay before that Port, kept
tDnntzick. j^jj^ [^ £qj. fome time ; At laft he got out, and failed to Dant-
%kk ; But that City had declared for the new King, fo they
would not fuffer him to land, with all thofe that had come
with him ; They only confented to fuffer himfelf to Land, with
a fmall Retinue ; This he thought would not become him ; So
he landed at Marienbourg^ where he was met by fome of
the Chief of his Party 5 They prefied him to diftribute the Mo-
ney, that he had brought from France^ among them 5 And
promifed to return quickly to him with a great Force ; But he
was limited by his Inftruftions, and would fee a good Force,
before he <v^ould part with his Treafure. The new King fent
fome Troops to difperfe thofe, who were coming together to ferve
him, and thefe had once almoft feized on the Prince himfelf;
But he afted after that, with great caution, and would not
truft the Poles ; He faw no appearance of any force, like to be
, brought

of King William III. "i:>9

brought to him, equal to the Undertaking, and fearing lead, if 1697
he ftayed too long, he fliould be frozen up in the Balticky he ^-^'^'^'''^^
came back to Dunkirk: The Cardinal ftood out ftill: The
Court of Rome rejoyccd at the pretended Converfion of the new
King, and owned him ; But he quickly faw fuch a fcene of
difficulties, that he had reafon to repent his embarking himfclf,
in fuch a dangerous Undertaking. This may prove of fucli
Impoitance, both to the Political and .Religious concerns of
Europe^ that 1 thought it deferved, that a particular mention
fhould be made of it, tho' it lies at a great diftance from us ;
It had fome influence, in difpoiing the Frenchy now to be more
earneft for a Peace ; For if they had got a King of Poland in
their depend ance, that would have given them a great intereft
in the Northern Parts, with an eafier accefs, both to afTift the
Turk and the Malecontents in Hungary.

The Negotiation for a Peace was held at Ryfwkk^ a HouIe,j,j^^ -^^.^
of the King's, between the Hague- and Delft. The chief o{ ^.i Ry^'-xxk.
our Plenipotentiaries was the Earl of Pembroke^ a Man of emi-
nent Virtue, and of great and profound Learning, particularly
in the Mathematicks : This made him a little too fpeculative
and abftraded in his Notions ; He had great application, but
he lived a little too much out of the World, tho' in a publick
Station ; a little more prad:ice among Men, would give him the
laft finifhing : There was fomewhat, in his perfon and manner,
that created him an univerfal refped: ; for we had no Man among
us, whom all lides loved and honoured fo much, as they did
him : There were two others joined with him in that Em-
baffy.

The King of Sweden was received as Mediator, but he died ^ ,, . ^

r i-irr> TT-o 1 TheKingot

before any progrels was made m the 1 reaty : His bon, who s-xedetis
fucceeded him in his Throne, was alfo received to fucceed him so^ls'ivS-'*
in the Mediation. The Father was a rough and boifl:erous<i'atoratthc
Man ; He loved fatigue, and was free from Vice ; He reduced Ryfwick.
his Kingdom to a Military State, and was ever going round it,
to fee how his Troops w^ere ordered, and his Difcipline obferv-
ed : He looked narrowly into the whole Adminiftration ; He
had quite altered the Conftitution of his Kingdom ; It was for-
merly changed from being an Eledive, to be a Hereditary King-
dom, yet till his time, it had continued to be rather an Ari-
ftocracy, than a Monarchy ; But he got the Power of the Se-
nators to be quite taken away, fo that it was left free to him,
to make ufe of fuch Counfellors as he fhould choofe ; The Se-
nators had enriched themfelves, and opprefled the People ; They
had devoured the Revenues of the Crown, and in two Reigns,

in

r

200 The History of the Reign

1697 in which the Sovereign was long in a ftate of Infancy, both in
UJ''"V"*'4^ Queen Chrijiina\ and in this King's time, the Senators had
taken care of themfelves, and had ftripped the Crown. So the
King moved for a general Refumption, and this he obtained
ealily of the States : Who, as they envied the Wealth of the
Senators, fo they hoped that, by making the King rich, the Peo-
ple would be lefs charged with Taxes ; This was not all ; He
got like wife an A61 of Reviiion, by which thofe who had
Grants were to account for the mean profits, and this was applied
even to thofe who had Grants upon valuable Confiderations ; for
when it appeared, that the valuable Confideration was fatisfied,
they were to account for all they had received over and above
that, and to repay this, with the intereft of the Money, at 1 2
per Cent, for all the Years they had enjoyed it. This brought
a great Debt on all the Senators and other Families of the King-
dom, it did utterly ruin them and left them at Mercy ; And
when the King took from them all they had, he kept them ftill
in a dependance upon him, giving them Imployments in the
Army or Militia that he fet up.

After that, he procured of the States of his Kingdom, an
abfolute Authority to govern them as he thought fit, and ac-
cording to Law ; But even this limitation feemed uneafy, and
their Slavery was finifhed by another AcEt, which he obtained,
that he fhould not be obliged to govern by Law, but by his
meer Will and Pleafure : So fuccefsful was he, in the fpace of
five Years, to ruin all the Families in his Kingdom, and to
deftroy their Laws and Liberties, and that by their own con-
fent : He died when his Son was but fifteen years old, and
gave great hopes of being an aftive, warlike, and indefatiga-
ble Prince, which his Reign ever fince has demonftrated to the
World.

The firft aft of his Reign, was the Mediation at Ryfwick,
where the Treaty went on but flowly, till Harlay^ the firft of
the French Plenipotentiaries, came to the Hague^ who, as was
believed, had the fecret. He fhewed a fairer inclination, than
had appeared in the others, to treat frankly and honoiu-ably ;
and to clear all the Difficulties, that had been ftarted before :
But while they were negotiating, by exchanging Papers, which
was a flow method, fubjed: to iTiuch delay, and too many ex-
ceptions and evafions ; The Marfhal Bouflers defired a Confe-
rence vidth the Earl of Portland^ and by the order of their
Mafters, they met four times, and were long- alone : That Lord
told me himfelf, that the fubjed; of thofe Conferences, was
concerning King James : The King defired to know, how the

King

of King William III. ±6\

King f)f France intended tb difpofe of him, and how he could 1697
own him, and yet fupport the other : The King of France ^--cj^^v^^
would not renounce the protecting him, by any Article of the
Treaty : But it was agreed between them, that the King of
France fhould give him no afTiftance, nor give the King any
difturbancc on his account : And that he fhould retire from the
Court of France^ either to Avignon or to Italy : On the other
hand, his Queen fliould have Fifty thoufand pounds a Year,
which was her Jointure, fettled after his Death, and that it
fhould now be paid her, he being reckoned as dead to the
Nation ; and in this, the King very readily acquiefced : Theie
Meetings made the Treaty go on with more dilpatch, this ten-
der point being once fettled.

A new Difficulty arofe with relation tb the Empire : The The Peace
French offered Brizack and Fribourg^ as an equivalent for Stras- *„" Xe °
bourg ; The Court of Vienna confented to this, but the Empire Tf"ty ^%^
refufed it ; Thefe Places belonged to the Emperor's Hereditary
Dominions, whereas Strasbourg was a free City, as well as a
Proteftant Town ; So the Emperor vvas foon brought to accept
of the exchange. All other matters were concerted ; Spain
was now as impatient bf Delays, as France : England and the
States had no other concern in the Treaty, but tb fecure their
AlHes, and to fettle a Barrier in the Netherlands ; So in Sep-
tember the Treaty was figned by all, except the German Princes :
But a fet time was prefixed for them to come into it. The
Duke of Savoy was comprehended within it ; and the Princes
of the Empire, finding they could ftruggle no longer, did at
laft confent to it. A new piece of Treachery, againft the Pro-
teftant Religion, broke out in the conclufion of all : The French
declared that, that part of the Palatinate, which was ftipulated
to be reftored in the ftate in which it was, by virtue of that
Article, was to continue in the fame ftate, with relation to Re-
ligion, in which it was at that time : By this, feveral Churches
were to be condemned, that otherwife, according to the Laws
of the Empire, and in particular of thofe Dominions, were to
be reftored to the Proteftants : The Eledor Palatine accepted
of the condition very willingly, being bigotted to a high de-
gree : But fome of the Princes, the King of Sweden in particu-
lar, as Duke of Deuxponts, refufed to fubmit to it : But this
had been fecretly concerted, among the whole Popijh Party,
who are always firm to the Interefts of their Religion, and
zealous for them ; Whereas, the Proteftant Courts are too ready
to Sacrifice the common Intereft of their Religion, to their own
private advantage. The King was troubled at this treacherous
Vol. II. F f f Motion,

202 The lUis TORY of the Reign

1697 Motion, but he faw no Inclination in any of the Allies to op-
u?=*^/"'''>J pofe it, with the zeal with which it was prelTed on the other
hand : The Importance of the thing, Sixteen Churches being
only condemned by it, as the Earl of Pembroke told me, was
not fuch as to deferve, he fhould venture a rupture upon it i
And it was thought, the Eledor Palatine might, on other ac-
counts, be fo obnoxious to the Proteftants, and might need their
Affiftance and Proteftion fo much, that he would be obliged
afterwards to reftore thefe Churches, thus wreftcd from them : So
the King contented himfelf, with ordering his Plenipotentiaries
to p'roteft againfl: this, which they did in a formal Ad, that they
pafTed.
, The King by this Peace concluded the great Defign, of put-

«i\he Peace, ting a ftop to thc progrcfs of the French Arms, which he had
conftantly purfued from his firft appearance on the Stage, in the
Year 1672. There was not one of the Allies who complain-
ed, that he had been forgot by him, or wronged in the Trea-
ty : Nor had the defire, of having his Title univerfally acknow-
ledged, raifed any impatience in him, or made him run intd
this Peace with any indecent hafte. The terms of it were ftill
too much to the advantage of France ; But the length and
charge of the War had fo exhaufted the Allies, that the King
faw the neceflity of accepting the beft Conditions that could
be got : It is true, France vras more haraffed by the War, yet
the arbitrary frame of that Government made their King, the
Mafter of the whole Wealth of his people ; And the War was
managed on both fides, between them and us, with this vilible
difference, that every Man who dealt with the French King was
ruined by it ; whereas, among us, every Man grew rich by his
dealings with the King : And it was not eafy to fee, how this
could be either prevented or punifhed. The regard that is
fhewn to the Members of Parliament among us, makes that few
abufes can be enquired into or difcovered j And the King found
his Reign grow fo unacceptable to his people, by the conti-
nuance of the War, that he faw the neceflity of coming to a
Peace. The States were under the lame prellure ; they were
heavier charged, and fuffered more by the War than the Eng-
lijh : The French got indeed nothing by a War which they
had moft perlidioufly begun ; They were forced to return to
the Peace of Nimeguen \ Pignerol and Brizack, which Cardi-
nal Richlieu had conlidered as the Keys of Italy and Germany^
were now parted with ; And all that bafe praftice, of claiming
fo much, under the head of Re-unions and Dependencies, was
abandoned : The Dutchy of Lorram was alfo entirely reftored ;
4 i It

of King William IIL 20^

It was generally thought, that the King o{ France intended, to 1697
live out the reft of his days in quiet ; For his parting with u;^v"*'%>J
Barcelona^ made all people conclude, that he did not intend
to profecute the Dauphins Pretenfions upon the Crown of
Spairiy after that King's Death, by a new War ; and that he
would only try how to manage it by Negotiation.

The moft melancholy part of this Treaty was, that no ad-
vantages were got by it, in favour of the Proteftants in France ;
The French Refugees made all pofTible Applications to the King,
and to the other Proteftant Allies j But as they were no part of
the Caufe of the War, lb it did not appear that the Allies could
do more for them, than to recommend them, in the warmeft
manner, to the King of France ; But he was fo far engaged
in a courfe of Superftition and Cruelty, that their conditit)n be-
came worfe by the Peace ; The Court was more at leifure to
look after them, and to perfecute them, than they thought fit
to do, during the War. The Military Men in France did ge-
nerally complain of the Peace, as diflionourable and bafe; The
Jacobites among us, were the more confounded at the News
of it, becaufe the Court of France did, to the laft minute, af-
fure King James, that they would never abandon his Interefts:
And his Queen fent over afTurances, to their Party here, that
England would be left out of the Treaty, and put to maintain
the War alone : Of which they were fo confident, that they
entred into deep Wagers upon it ; a practice little known among
us before the War, but it was carried on, in the progrefs of it,
to a very extravagant degree ; So that they were ruined in their . ^
Fortunes, as well as funk in their Exped:ations, by the Peace ;
Upon which, it was faid, King yames\ Queen made a bold.
Repartee to the French King, when he told her the Peace
was figned : She faid, fhe wifhed it might be fuch, as fhould
raife his Glory, as much as it might fettle his Repofe.

But while the Peace was concluded in thefe parts, the War
between the Emperor and the Turky went on in Hungary.
The Imperial Army was commanded by Prince Eugene, a Bro-
ther of the Count of Soijfons, who apprehending, that he was
not Uke to be fo much confidered, as he thought he might
deferve in France, went and ferved the Emperor, and grew up,
in a few years, 'to be one of the greateft Generals of the
Age. ,; ii < J

The Grand Signior came to command his Armies in perfon. The Turks
and lay encamped on both fides of the Theijfe, having laid a Army in
Bridge over the River ; Prince Eugene marched up to him, and routed. ^
attackt his Camp, on the Weft fide of the River, and after a

fliort

204 The History of the Reign

1697 fhort difpute, he broke in and was Mafter of the Camp, and
^^^^^^"-^/"^^ forced all, who lay on that fide, over the River ; In this ac-
tion many were killed and drowned ; He followed them crofi
the Theijfe and gave them a total defeat : Mdft of their Jani-
zaries were cut off, and the Prince became Mafter of all their Ar-^
tillery and Magazines : The Grand Signior himfelf narrowly e-
fcaped, with a Body of Horfe, to Belgrade ; This was a .com-
pleat Victory, and was the greateft blow the "Turks had received, in
the whole War. At the feme time, the Czar was very fuccefsful
on his fide againft the Tar tar tans. The Venetians did little ori
their part, and the Confufions in Poland made that Republick
but a feeble Ally : So that the weight of the War lay wholly
on the Emperor. But tho' he, being now delivered from the
War with France., was more at leifure to profecute this, yet his
Revenue was fo exhaufted, that he was willing to fuffer a
Treaty to be carried on, by the Mediation of England and Hol-
land', And the French, being now no longer concerned to en-
gage the Port to carry on the War, the Grand Signior, fearing
a Revolution upon his jU fuccefs, was very glad to hearken to
a Treaty, which was carried on all this Winter, and was fi-
nifhed the next year at Carlowitz, from which place it takes its
name.
The peace gy \^^ hoxk Parties were to keep that, of which they were
w/rs. then poffeffed, and fo this long War of Hungary, which had
brought both fides by turns very near the laft extremities, was
concluded by the Diredion and Mediation of the King of Eng-
land: Upon which I will add a curious Obfervation, that tho' it
may feem to be out of the Laws of Hiftory, yet confidering my
Profeflion, will I hope be forgiven.
The dura- Dr. Lloyd, the prefent moft learned Bifhop of Worcefter,
P^yfh^^ who has now, for above twenty Years, been ftudying the Reve-
Wars/ lations with an amazing diligence and exadnefs, had long be-
fore this year faid, The Peace, between the Turks and the Pa-
pal Chriftians, was certainly to be made in the year 1698,
which he made out thus : The four Angels, mentioned in the
fourteenth Chapter of the Revelations, that were bound in the
River Euphrates, which he expounds to be the Captains of the
Turkijh Forces, that till then were fubjed to the Sultan at Ba-
bylon, were to be loofed, or freed from that Yoke, and to fet
up for themfelves : And thefe were prepared, to flay the third
part of men, for an hour, a day, a month, and a year : He reck-
ons the year, in St. "John, is the Julian year of 365 days, that
is, in the Prophetick ftile, each day a year ; a month is 30 of
thefe days ; and a day makes one ; which added to the former

number

of King William III. lo;

number makes 396. Now he proves from Hiftorians, that Ot- 1697

t07nan came, and began his Conquefts at Proujfe^ in the year '^-^(^^^^/"^^

1302, to which the former number, in which they were to flay

the third part of men, being added, it muft end in the year

1698 : And tho' the Hiftorians do not mark the hour, or the

twelfth part of the day or year, which is a month, that is, the

beginning of the Deftrudion the Turks were to make ; yet he is

confident, if that is ever known, that the Prophecy will be

found, even in that, to be pundually accompUfhed. After this,

he thinks their time of hurting the Papal Chriftians, is at an

end 5 They may indeed ftill do mifchief to the Mufcovites^ or

perfecute their own Chriftian Subied:s, but they can do no hurt

to the Papalins ; and he is fo pofitivc in this, that he confents

that all his Scheme fhould be laid afjde, if the Turk engages in

a new War with them ; and I muft confels, that their refufing

novv, in a courfe of three years, to take any advantage from

the Troubles in Hungary^ to begin the War again, tho' we

know they have been much follicited to it, gives for the prefent

a confirmation, to this learned Prelate's Expofition of that part

of the Prophecy.

The King came over to England^ about the middle of No- The King
vember ; And was received by the City of London^ in a fort of to England.
Triumph, with all the Magnificence that he would admit ;
Some progrefs was made in preparing Triumphal Arches, but
he put a ftop to it ; He feemed, by a natural modefty, to have
contracted an antipathy to all vain fhows ; which was much
increafed in him, by what he had heard of the grofs excefles
of flattery, to which the French have run, beyond the exam-
ples of former Ages, in honour of their King; Who having
fhewed too great a pleafure in thefe, they have been fo far pur-
fued, that the wit of that Nation has been for fome years
chiefly imployed on thefe ; For they faw that mens fortunes
were more certainly advanced, by a new and lively invention
in that way, than by any fervice or merit whatfoever. This,
in which that King has feemed to be too much pleafed, rendring
him contemptible to better Judges, gave the King fuch an aver-
fion to every thing that looked that way, that he fcarce lx)re
even with things, that were decent and proper.

The King ordered many of his Troops to be disbanded foon Confuita-
after the Peace ; But a ftop was put to that, becaufe the French a fianding
were very flow in evacuating the Places, that were to be reftor- -^"^"y*
ed by the Treaty, and were not beginning to reduce their
Troops : So, tho' the King declared what he intended to do,
yet he made no hafte to execute it, till it fhould appear how

Vol. II. G g g t^c

2o6 The Yii^iioviY of the Reign

1697 the French intended to govern themfelves. The King thought
^^^^^/"^i^ it was abfolutely neceffary, to keep up a conflderable Land
Force; he knew the French would ftill maintain great Ar-
mies, and that the pretended Prince of Wales would certainly
be afTifted by them, if England fhould fall into a feeble and
defencelefs Condition ; The King of Spain was alfo, in fuch an
uncertain ftate of health, fo weak and fo exhaufted, that it
feemed neccflary, that England fhould be in a condition to bar
Frances invading that Empire, and to maintain the Rights of
the Houfe of Aufiria. But tho' he explained himfelf thus in
general to his Minifters, yet he would not defcend to particu-
lars, to tell how many he thought neceflary, fo that they had
not authority to declare, what was the loweft number the King
infifled on.
The matter Papers were writ on both fides, for and againft a ftanding
bSrfides. Force ; On the one hand, it was pretended, that a ftanding Army
was incompatible with publick Liberty, and according to the
Examples of former times, the one muft fwallow up the other;
It was propofed, that the Militia might be better modelled and
more trained, which, with a good naval Force, fome thought^
would be an effedual fecurity againft Foreign Invafions, as
well as it would maintain our Laws and Liberties at home.
On the other fide, it was urged, that fince all our Neighbours
were armed, and the moft formidable of them all kept up
fuch a mighty Force, nothing could give us a real fecurity,
but a good Body of regulated Troops ; Nothing could be made
of the Mihtia, chiefly of the Horfe, but at a vaft charge ; and
if it was well regulated, and well commanded, it would prove
a mighty Army ; But this of the Militia was only talked of, to
put by the other ; for no projed: was ever propofed to render
it more ufeful j A Force at Sea might be fo fhattered, while
the Enemy kept within their Ports (as it aftually happened at
the Revolution) that this ftrength might come to be ufelefs,
when we fliould need it moft ; So that without a conflderable
Land Force, it feemed the Nation would be too much expofed.
The word, Jlanding Armyy had an odious found in Englijh ears ;
So the popularity lay on the other flde ; And the King's Mi-
nifters fuft'ered generally in the good Charaders, they had hi-
therto maintained, becaufe they ftudied to ftop the tide, that
run fo ftrong the other way.
ASeffionof At the Opening the Seflion of Parliament, the King told
Parliament, them, that in his opinion, a ftanding Land Force was neceflary ;
The Houfe of Commons carried the jealoufy of a ftanding Ar-
my fo high, that they would not bear the Motion, nor did they

like

of King William III. - 207

like the way the King took, of offering them his opinion in the 1697
point : This feemed a prefcription to them, and mignt biafs fome, '^x^^^v*^
in the Counfels they were to offer the King, and be a bar to the
freedom of Debate ; The Managers for the Court had no Or-
ders to name any number ; So the Houfe came to a Refo-
lution of paying off and disbanding all the Forces, that had
been raifed fince the year 1680 ; This Vote brought the Army
to be lefs than 8000 : The Court was ftruck with this ; and A fniall
then they tried, by an after-game, to raife the number to 1^000^°'''^^'^*
Horfe and Foot. If this had been propofed in time, it would
probably have been carried without any difficulty ; but the
King was fo long upon the referve, that now, when he thought
fit to fpeak out his mind, he found it was too late : So a Force
not exceeding loooo Horfe and Foot was all that the Houfe
could be brought to. This gave the King the greatefl diftafte
of any thing, that had befallen him in his whole Reign ; He
thought it would derogate much from him, and render his
Alliance fb inconfiderable, that he doubted whether he could
carry on the Government, after it fhould be reduced to fo weak
and fo contemptible a flate. He faid, that if he could have
imagined, that after all the fervice he fhould have done the
Nation, he fhould have met with fuch returns, he would never
have meddled in our Affairs 5 and that he was weary of govern-
ing a Nation, that was fo jealous, as to lay itfelf open to an
Enemy, rather than truft him, who had a£led fo faithfully dur-
ing his whole Life, that he had never once deceived thofe who
trufled him. He faid this, with a great deal more to the fame
purpofe, to my felf ; But he faw the neceffity of fubmitting to
that, which could not be helped.

During thefe Debates, the Earl of Sunderland had argued >. ^
with many upon the neceffity of keeping up a greater Force ; ^^^ %^
This was in fo many hands, that he was charged as the Author The Earl of*
of the Counfel, of keeping on foot a flanding Army : So he Sfr^ffr "4
was often named in the Houfe of Commons, with many fevere bufinefs.
refledlions, for which there had been but too much occafion
given, during the two former Reigns. The Tories prefled hard
upon him, and the Whigs were fo jealous of him, that he appre-
hending, that while the former would attack him, the others
would defend him faintly, refolved to prevent a publick affront,
and to retire from the Court and from Bufinefs ; not only againft
the entreaties of his Friends, but even the King's earneft defire
that he would continue about him ; Indeed, upon this occafion,
his Majcfly cxpreffed fuch a concern and value for him, that

the

2o8 The History of the Reign

1698 the jealoufies were encreafed, by the confidence the Court
Ki^'^'^^y'^ faw, the King had in him. During the time of his credit,
things had been carried on, with more fpirit and better
fuccefs than before : He had gained fuch an afcendant over
the King, that he brought him to agree to fome things, that
few expefted he woujd have yielded to : He managed the
publick affairs, in both Houfes, with fo much fteddinefs and
fb good a conduft, that he had procured to himfelf a greater
meafure ef efteem, than he had in any of the former parts of
his Life; And the feeblenels and disjointed ftate we fell into,
after he withdrew, contributed not a little to eftablifh the Cha^
rafter, which his adminiftration had gained him.

The Parliament went on flowly in fixing the Fund for the
Lift fettled SuppKcs they had voted : They fettled a Revenue on the King
f " lI/^ "^ ^°^ \^\^^-i for the ordinary expence of the Government, which
was called the Civil Lift : This they carried to Seven hundred
thoufand pounds a year, which was much more than the for-
mer Kings of England could apply to thofe occafions ; Six
hundred thoufand pounds was all that was defigned, but it had
been promifed at the Treaty of Ryfwick^ that King yamesy be-
ing now as dead to England, his Queen fhould enjoy her Join-
ture, that was Fifty thoufand pound a year ; and it was intend-
ed to fettle a Court about the Duke of Glocejler, who was then
nine years old ; So to enable the King, to bear that expence,
this large provifibn was made for the Civil Lift : But by fome
( great error in the management, tho' the Court never had fo

much, and never fpent fo little, yet payments were ill made,
and by fome ftrange confumption, all was wafted.
AnewEajl- While the Houfe of Commons was feeking a Fund, for
India Com- paying the Arrears of the Army, and for the Expence at Sea
^*"^' and Land for the next year; A Propofition was made, for
conftituting a new Eajl-India Company, who fhould trade with
a joint Stock, others being admitted in a determinate Propor-
tion to a feparate Trade : The old Eaji-India Company oppofed
this, and offered to advance a Sum (but far fhort of what the
publick Occafions required) for an Ad of Parliament, that
fhould confirm their Charters. The Projectors of the new
Company offered two Millions, upon the fecurity of a good
Fund, to pay the Intereft of their Money at eight per Cent ;
Great oppofition was made to this : For the King, upon an Ad-
drefs that was made to him by the Houfe of Commons, had
granted the old Company a new Charter, they being obliged
to take in a new Subfcription of Seven hundred thoufand
pounds, to encreafe their Stock and Trade. Thofe empowered

by

I

' of King William IITi ^ 1 1^

by this new Charter, were not charged with any Malevtrfation ; 1698
-They had been trading under great difadvantages, and with great u?'''V>>J
lofi'es, by reafon of the War : It is true, the King had referved
a p6wer to himfelf, by a claufc ih the Charter, to difiblve them
upon warning given, three years before fuch diflbkition : So it
was faid, that no injuftice was done them, if ptibHck notice
fhould be given of fuch an intended diflblution. To this it
was anfvvered, that the Claufe, referving that power, was put
in many Charters, but that it was conlldered only as a threat-
ning, obHging them to a good condud ; But that it was not
ordinary to diflblve a Company, by virtue of fuch a Claufc, when
no Error or Maleverfation was objedcd : The old Company
came at laft to offer the whole Sum tliat was wanted ; But the
Party was now formed, fo they came too late, and this had no
other effet^:, but to raife a clamour againft this proceeding, aS
extremely rigorous^ if not unjuft. This threw the old Com-
pany, and all concerned in it, ihto the hands of the Toriesj
and made a great breach and disjointing in die City of Lon-
don : And it is certain, that this Ad, together with the Incli-
Jiations which thofe of the Whigs, who were in good Pofts," The whigj
had exprefled for keeping up a greater Land Force, did con- Jo'e their
tribute to the blafting the reputation, they had hitherto main- Nation,
tained, of being good Patriots, and was made ufe of over
England by the Tories, to difgrace both the King and them.
To this, another charge of a high nature was added, that they
robbed the Publick, and applied much of the Money, that was
given for the fervice of the Nation, both to the lupporting a;
vaft Expence, and to the raifing great Eftates to themfelves.
This was fendble to the people, who were uncafy under heavy
Taxes, and were too ready to believe, that, according to the
pradice in King Charles % time, a great deal of the Money that
was given in Parliament, was divided among thofe who gave it.
Thefe clamours were raifed and managed with great dexterity,
by thofe, who intended to render the King, and aH who were
beft affeded to him, fo odious to the Nation, that by this meansf
they might carry fuch an Eledion, of a new Houfe of Com-
mons, as that by it all might be overturned. It was faid, that
the Bank of England and the new Eaji- India Company, being-
in the hands of Whigs, they would have the command of alt
the Money, and by confequence, of all the Trade of England y
So a great Party was raifed againft the new Company, in both
Houfes : But the Ad for it was carried : The King vvas very
indifferent in the matter at firft, but the greatnefs of the Sum-
that was wanted, which could not probably be raifed by any
Vol. li. H h h other'

110 The History of the Reign

i6g8 other Projeft, prevailed on him; The Interefts of Princes car-
Us^^v^*^ rying them often to ad: againft their private Opinions and In-
clinations.
The King Bcforc the King went into Holland^ which was in July^
of spaitC^ News came from Spain, that their King was dying ; This
heaitiu^ ° Alarm was often given before, but it came much quicker now ;
The French upon this, fent a Fleet to lie before Cadiz, which
came thither, at the time that the Galleons were expeded
home from the Weji-Indies ; And it was apprehended, that, if
the King had died, they would have feized on all that Trea-
fure. We fent a Fleet thither to fecure them, but it came too
late, to have done any fervice, if it had been needed ; This was
much cenfured, but the Admiralty excufed themfelves, by faying,
that the ParHament was fo late in fixing the Funds for the Fleet,
that it was not pofTible to be ready fooner than they were :
The King of Spain recovered for that time, but it was fo far from
any entire recovery, that a Relapfe was ftill apprehended. When
the King went to Holland, he left fome fealed Orders behind
him, of which fome of his Minifters told me, they knew not the
contents till they were opened: By thefe, the King ordered 16000
Men to be kept up ; For excufing this, it was faid, that tho' the
Parliament had, in their Votes, mentioned only loooo Land men,
to whom they had afterwards added 3000 Marines, and had
raifed only the Money neceffary for that number, yet no de-
termined number was mentioned in the A6t itfelf ; So, fincc
the apprehenfion of the King of Spaing Death made it advifa-
ble, to have a greater force ready for fuch an Accident, the
King rcfolved to keep up a Force, fomewhat beyond that, which
the Houfe of Commons had confented to ; The leaving thefe
Orders fealed, made the whole blame to be caft fingly on the
King, as it skreened the Minifters from a fhare in this Counfel :
And we have more than once known Minifters put the advices,
that they themfelves gave, in fuch a manner on their Mafters,
that in executing them, our Kings have taken more care to
fhelter their Minifters, than to prcferve themfelves.
The Duke The King, before his leaving England, fettled a Houfhold
p!xt^nT£ about the Duke of Glocejier-, The Earl of Marlborough, who
thodofE- was reftored to favour, was made his Governor, and I was
named by the King, to be his Preceptor. I ufed all pollible
endeavours to excufe my felf ; I had hitherto no fhare in the
Princefs's favour or confidence ; I was alfo become uneafy at
fome things in the King's conduct ; I confidered him as a glo-
rious Inftrument, raifed up by God, who had done great things
by him j I had alfo fuch obligations to him, that I had refolv-

ed.

of King William lit. m

ed, on publick as well as on private accounts, never to engage 1698
in any oppofition to him, and yet I could not help thinking Ui^'V^^J
he might have carried matters further than he did ; And that
he was giving his Enemies handles, to weaken his Government.
I had tried, but with little fuccefs, to ufe all due freedom with
him ; He did not love to be found fault with ; and tho' he bore
every thing that I faid very gently, yet he either difcouraged
me with filence, or anfwered in fuch general exprefllons, that
they fignified little or nothing. Thefe confiderations difpofed
me, rather to retire from the Court and Town, than to engage
deeper in fuch a conftant attendance, for fo many years, as
this Imployment might run out to ; The King made it indeed
eafy, in one refped: ; for as the young Prince was to be all the
Summer at Windfor^ which was in my Diocefe ; So he allowed
me ten weeks in the year, for the other parts of my Diocefe. All
my endeavours to decline this were without effedl ; the King
would trufl that care only to me, and the Princefs gave me fuch
encouragement, that I refolved not only to fubmit to this, which
feemed to come from a direction of Providence, but to give
my felf wholly up to it. I took, to my own Province, the
reading and explaining the Scriptures to him, the inflruding him
in the Principles of Religion, and the Rules of Virtue, and the
giving him a view of Hiftory, Geography, Politicks and Go-
vernment. I refolved alfo to look very cxadly to all the Maf-
ters, that were appointed to teach him other things ; But now
I turn, to give an account of fome things, that more immedi-
ately belong to my own Profeflion.

This year, Thomas Firming a famous Citizen of London, di-The pro-
ed ; He was in great efleem, for promoting many charitable De- fj^^Hm.""
figns, for looking after the Poor of the City, and fetting them
to work ; for raifing great Sums for Schools and Hofpitals, and
indeed, for Charities of all forts, private and publick ; He had
fuch credit with the richefl Citizens, that he had the command
of great Wealth, as oft as there was occafion for it ; And he
laid out his own time chiefly, in advancing all fuch defignsi
Thefe things gained him a great reputation ; He was called a
Socinian, but was really an Arian, which he very freely own-
ed, before the Revolution ; But he gave no publick vent to it,
as he did afterwards. He fludied to promote his Opinions, af-
ter the Revolution, with much heat ; Many Books were print-
ed againft the Trinity, which he difperfed over the Nation, dif-
tributing them freely to all who would accept of them ; Pro-
fane Wits were much delighted with this ; It became a com-
mon Topick of Difcourfe, to treat all Myfteries in Religion, as

the

2 12 The History of the Reign

1698 the contrivances 6f Priefts, to bring the World into a blind
L<<j'^v"'W fubmifllon to them ; Prieftcraft grew ' t^o * be another word in
fafhion, and the Enemies of ReHgion veritbd all their Impieties,
under the cover of thefe wOrds ; But while thefe pretended much
zeal for the Government, thofe who were at work to under-
mine it, made grfeat ufe of all this ; They raifed a great outcry
againft Socinanifm, and gave it out, that it was like to over-ruii
all 5 For ArchbiiTiop Ttllotfo?i^ and fome of the Bifhops, had
lived in great friendship with Mr. FiHnhij vVhole charitable tem-
per they thought it became them to encourage ; Many under-
took to write in this Controverfy ; Some of thefe were not fit-
ted for handling fuch a nice Subjedt ; A learned Deift made A
fevere remark on the progrefs of this Difpute; He faid, he
was fure the Divines would be too hard for the Sociniansy in
proving their Doctrines out of Scripture ; But if the Dodrins^
could be once laughed at and rejedled as abfurd, then its being
proved, how well foever, out of Scripture, would turn to be
an Argument againft the Scriptures themfelves, as containing
fuch incredible Doftrines.
Different The Divincs did not go all in the fame method, nor upori

Expiana- ^j^^ fame Principles; Dr. Sherlock engaged in the Controverfy;
Trinity He was a clcar, a polite and a ftrong Writer, and had got great
credit in the former Reign, by his Writings againft thofe ot the
Church of Rome ; But he was apt to aflume too much to
himfelf, and to treat his Adverfaries with contempt ; This creat-
ed him many Enemies, and made him pafs for an infolent haugh-
ty Man ; He was at firft a Jacobite, and while, for not taking
the Oaths, he was under fufpenfion, he wrote againft the So-
ciniansy in which he took a new method of explaining the
Trinity ; He thought there were three eternal Minds ; two of
thefe ifluing from the Father, but that thefe were one, by rea-
fon of a mutual confcioulhefs in the three, to every of their
thoughts : This was looked on as plain Tritheifm 5 But all the
Party applauded him and his Book ; Soon after that, an accident
of an odd nature happened.
Dr.sheriock There was a Book drav/n up by Bifhop Overall^ fourfcore
cobites! years ago, concerning Government; in which, its being of a
Divine Inftitution was very pofitively afferted ; It was read in
Convocation, and pafled by that Body, in order to the pub-
liftiing it;- in opposition to the Principles laid down, in that fa-
mous book of Parfons the Jefuit, publifhed under the name
of Dollinan\ King James the Firft, did not like a Convoca-
tion entring into luch a Theory of PoHticks ; So he wrote a
k>ng Letter to Abbot^ who was afterwards Archbiihop of Ca7i-

terbiiry^

of King William lit. ii?

terbury, but was then in the Lower Houfc ; I had die Original, 1698
writ all in his own hand, in my poffcflion ; By it he dcfired, vu^-v"*'*-*
that no further progrefs fhould be made in that matter, and
that this Book might not be offered to him for his aflent ; Thus
that matter flept, but Sancroft had got Overafs own Book into
his hands; So, in the beginning of this Reign, he refolved to
publifh it, as an authentick Declaration, that the Church of
England had made in this matter ; And it was publifhed, as
well as licenfed by him, a very few days before he came under
fufpenfion, for not taking the Oaths : But there was a Para-
graph or two in it, that they had not confidered, which was
plainly calculated, to juftify the owning the United Provinces
to be a lawful Government: For it Was there laid down,, that
when a change of Government was brought to a thorough fet-
tlement, it was then to be owned and fubmitted to, as a work of
the Providence of God ; and a part of King yames\ Letter to
Abbot related to this. When Sherlock obfcrved this, he had
fome Conferences with the Party, in order to convince them
by that, which he faid had convinced himfelf ; Soon after that
he took the Oaths, and was made Dean of St. Pauls \ He
publifhed an account of the grounds he went on, which drew out
many virulent Books againft him ; After that they purfued him
with the clamour of Tritheifm, which was done with much
malice, by the very fame perfons, who had highly magnified
the performance, while he was of their Party : So powerful is
the biafs of intereft and paflion, in the moft fpeculative and
the moft important Do6lrines.

Dr. South, a. learned but an ill-natured Divine, who had
taken the Oaths, but with the referve of an equivocal fenfe, wrote a-
which he put on them, attackt Dr. Sherlock's Book of the Tri- 8*'"^^ '''"''
nity, not without Wit and Learning, but without any meafure
of Chriftian Charity, and without any regard, either to the
dignity of the Subject, or the decencies of his ProfefTion. He
explained the Trinity in the common method, that the Deity
was one Effence in three SubUftencies ; Sherlock replied, and
charged this as Sabellianifm ; and fome others went into the
Difpute, with fome Learning, but with more heat : One preached
Sherlock's Notion, before the Univerfity of Oxford, for which
he was cenfured ; but Sherlock wrote againft that Cenfure, with
the higheft ftrains of contempt : The Socinians triumphed, not
a Httle upon all this : and, in feveral of their Books, they divi-
ded their Adverfaries into real and nominal Trinitarians ; Sher-
lock was put in the firft Clafs ; As for the fecond Clafs, they
pretended it had been the Dodtrine of the Weftern Church,
Vol. n. I i i ever

214 The History of the Reign

1698 ever fince the time that the fourth Council in the Lateran faC ;
uj'-v''"'^ Some, who took advantage from thefe Debates to publifh their
Impieties without fear or fhame, rejoiced to fee the Divines
engaged in fuch Aibtle Queftionsj And they reckoned, that,
which fide foever might have the better, in the turn of this
Controverfy, yet in conclufion they alone muft be the Gain-
ers, by every Difpute, that brought fuch important matters to
a doubtfulnels, which might end in Infidelity at laft.
The King's The ill cffeds that were like to follow, on thofe different
injunaions Explanations, made the Bifhops move the King to fet out In-

filencc thole . i . . . , J. ■• ^° p

Difputes. jundions, requiring them to lee to the reprelling of Error and
Herefy, with all poffible zeal, more particularly in the funda-
mental Articles of the Chriftian Faith : And to watch againft and
hinder the ufe of new Terms or new Explanations in thofe mat-
ters : This put a flop to thofe Debates, as Mr. Firming Death
put a flop to the printing and fpreading of Socinian Books.
Upon all this, fome angry Clergymen, who had not that fhare
of Preferment, that they thought they deferved, begun to com-
plain, that no Convocation was fuffered to fit, to whom the
judging in fuch points, fcemed moft properly to belong : Books
were writ on this head; It was faid, that the Law made in
King Henry the Eighth's time, that limited the Power of that
body, fo that no new Canons could be attempted or put in
ufe, without the King's Licenfe and Confent, did not difable
them from fitting : On the contrary, a Convocation was held
to be a part of the Parliament, fo that it ought always to at-
tend upon it, and to be ready, when advifed with, to give
their Opinions chiefly in matters of Religion. They had alfo,
as thefe men pretended, a right to prepare Articles and Canons,
and to lay them before the King, who might indeed deny his
affent to diem, as he did to Bills, that were offered him by
both Houfes of Parliament. This led them to flrike at the
King's Supremacy, and to affert the intrinfick Power of the
Church which had been difbwned by this Church, ever fince the
time of the Reformation : And indeed, the King's Supremacy
was thought to be carried formerly too high, and that, by the
fame fort of men, who were now fludying to lay it as low. It
feemed, that fome men were for maintaining it, as long
as it was in their management, and that it made for them:
but refolved to weaken it, all they could, as foon as it went
out of their hands, and was no more at their difcretion :
Such a turn do mens interefls and partialites give to their Opi-
nions.

All

of King William III. ' ii;

All this while it was manifeft, that there were two different 1698
Parties among the Clergy ; One was firm and faithful to the '-'"^^"v-''*^
prefent Government, and ferved it with zeal ; Thefe did not Divifion*
envy the Diffenters the eafe, that the Toleration gave them ; ck^gy.'^^
they wiflied for a favourable opportunity of making fuch alte-
rations, in fome few Rites and Ceremonies, as might bring into
the Church thofe, who were not at too great a diftance from
it ; And I do freely own that I was of this number. Others
took the Oaths indeed, and concurred in every a<ft of compliance
with the Government, but they were not only cold in ferving
it, but were always blaming the Adminiftration, and aggravat-
ing misfortunes ; They expreffed a great efteem for Jacobites,
and in all Elections, gave their Votes to thofe, who leaned that
way : At the fame time, they fhewed great refentments againft
the Dillenters, and were enemies to the Toleration, and leemed
refolved never to confent to any alteration in their favour. The
bulk of the Clergy ran this way, fo that the moderate Party
was far out numbered. Profane Minds had too great advanta-
ges from this, in refleding feverely on a body of men, that took
Oaths, and performed publick Devotions, when the reft of their
Lives was too publick and too vifible a contradidion, to fuch
Oaths and Prayers.

But while we are thus unhappily disjointed in matters ofDivifions
Religion, our Neighbours are not fo entirely united, as they 1'"°'?.^ '^'
pretend to be ; The Quietifts are faid to encreafe not only in
Italy^ but in France \ The Perfecution there began at firft, upon
a few Janfenijis, but it turned foon to the Proteftants, on whom
it has been long very heavy and bloody ; This had put an end
to all Difputes in thofe matters j A new Controverfy has fince
been managed, with great heat, between Bajfuet^ the famous
Bifhop, firft of Condom and now of Meaux ; and La Motte Fe-
nelony who was once in high favour with Madam Maintenoriy
and was, by her means, made Preceptor to the Dauphins Chil-
dren, and afterwards advanced to be Archbifliop of Cambray.
He wrote a Treatife of Spiritual Maxims, according to the fub-
tilty, as well as the fublimity of the Writers, called the Myf-
ticks ; In it, he diftinguifhed between that, which was falfly
chained upon them, and that which was truly their Dodrine :
He put the perfedion of a fpiritual Life, in the loving of God
purely for himfelf, without any regard to our felves, even to
our own Salvation : And in our being brought to fuch a ftate
of Indifference, as to have no will nor defire of our own, but
to be fo perfectly united to the Will of God, as to rejoice in
the hope of Heaven, only becaufe it is the Will of God, to

bring

21 6 The History of the Reign

1698 bring us thither, without any regard to our own happinefs.
^^^<^''''>^'^*>^ Bojfuet wrote fb fhaxply againft him, that one is tempted to
think, a rivaky for favour and preferment had as great a {hare
in it, as zeal for the Truth. The matter was fent to Rome.,
Fenelon had fo many authorized and canonized Writers of his
fide, that many diftinftions muft be made ufe of to feparate
them from him ; But the King was^ much fet againft him*; He
put him from his attendance on the young Princefs, and fent
him to his Diocefe ; His difgrace fefved to raife his Charadler.
Madam Maintemn\ violent averfton to a man, fhe fo lately
raifed, was imputed to his not being fo tradable as fhe expelled,
in perfwading the King to own his Marriage with her : But
that I leave to conjedure. There is a breach running thro' the
Lutheran Churches ; It appeared at firft openly at Hamborough,
where many were going into ftrider methods of Piety, who
from thence were called Pi,etifts ; there is no difference of Opi-
nion between them and the reft, who are moft rigid to old
forms, and are jealous of all new things, efpecially c^ a ftrider
courfe of Devotion, beyond what they themfelves are ii«:line(i
to pradtife : There is likewife a Spirit of Zeal and Devotion,
and of publick Charities, fprung at home, beyond what was
known among us in former times ; of which I may have a good
occafion to make mention hereafter.

But to return from this digreflion : The Company in Scot--
fettle at 2>^-/^W, this year, fet out a Fleet, with a Colony, on defign to
rieu. {-g^-j-ie ii^ America ; The fecret was better kept, than could have

been well expeded, conlldering the many hands in which it
was lodged ; It appeared at laft, that the true defign had been
guefTed, from the firft motion of it ; They landed at Darieify
which, by the report that they fent over, was capable of being
made a ftrong place, with a good Port. It was no wonder,
that the Spaniards complained loudly of this ; It lay fo near
Porto Belo and Panama on the one fide, and Carthagena on
the other, that they could not think they were fafe, when fuch
a Neighbour came fo near the Center of their Empire in A-
merica \ The King of France complained alfo of this, as an In-
vafion of the Spafiijh Dominion, and offered the Court of Ma-
drid a Fleet to diflodge them. The Spaniards preffed the King
hard upon this ; They faid, they were once poffeffed of that
place ; and tho' they found it too unhealthy to fettle there, yet
the right- to it belonged ftill to them : So this was a breach of
Treaties, and a violent poffcffion of their Country ; In anfwer
to this, the Scotch pretended, that the Natives of Darien were
never conquered by the Spaniards., and were by confequence

of King William III. 217

a free People ; they faid, they had purchafed of them leave to 1 698
poflefs themfelves of that place, and that the Spaniards aban- l^j'^'^'jJ
doned the Country, becaufe they could not reduce the Natives :
So the pretenfion of the iirft difcovery was made void, when
they went off from it, not being able to hold it ; and then
the Natives being left to themfelves, it was lawful for the Scots
to treat with them : It was given out, that there was much
Gold in the Countrey. Certainly, the Nation was fo full of
hopes from this Project, that they raifed a Fund for carrying it
on, greater than, as was thought, that Kingdom could ftretch
to ; Four hundred thoufand pounds Sterling was fubfcribed, and
a fourth part was paid down, and afterwards, Seventy thoufand
pounds more was brought in, and a National fury feemed to
have tranfported the whole Kingdom, upon this Projed.

The Jacobites went into the management, with a particular Great Dif-
heat ; They faw the King would be much preffed from Spain ; P""* *''*""
The Englip:) Nation apprehending, that this would be fet up as a
breach of Treaties, and that upon a Rupture, their Effeds in
Spai7i might be feized, grew alfo very uneafy at it ; upon which
it was thought, that the JCing would in time be forced to difown
this Invafion, and to declare againft it, and in that cafe, they hoped
to have inflamed the Kingdom with this, that the King denied
them his Protection, while they were only ading according to
Law ; and this, they would have faid, was contrary to the Coro-
nation Oath, and fo they would have thought they were freed from
their Allegiance to him. The Jacobites, having this profped:,
did all that was poflible to raife the hopes of the Nation to the
higheft degree ; Our Englijh Plantations grew alfo very jealous
of this new Colony ; They feared, that the double profped,
of finding Gold, and of robbing the Spaniards., would draw
many Planters from them, into this new Settlement ; and that
the Buccaneers might run into them : For by the Scotch Ad:,
this place was to be made a free Port ; and if it was not ruined,
before it was well formed, they reckoned it would become a
feat of Piracy and another Algiers in thofe parts. Upon thefe
grounds, the Englijh Nation inclined to declare againfl this,
and the King feemed convinced, that it was an infradion of
his Treaties with Spain : So Orders were fent, but very fecret-
ly, to the Englifi Plantations, particularly to Jamaica and
the Leeward Iflands, to forbid all Commerce with the Scots at
Darien. The Spaniards made fome faint attempts on them,
but without fuccefs ; This was a very great difficulty on the
King ; He faw how much he was like to be preflTed on both
hands, and he^pprehended what ill confequences were like to
follow, on his declaring himfelf either way.

Vol. II. K k k The

2 1 8 Th VLis'totiY of the Reign

1698 The Parliament of England had now fate its period of three
*->5?~v''=5>j years, in which great things had been done ; The whole Money
Miniarv's"* of England was recoined, the King was fecured in his Govern-
gnodcon- ment, an honourable Peace was made, Publick Credit was re-
flored, and the payment of Publick Debts was put on fure and
good Funds. The chief conduct lay now in a few hands ; The
Lord Somers was made a Baron of England ; and as he was one
of tlie ableft and the moft incorrupt Judges, that ever fate in
Chancery ; fo his great Capacity for all Affairs made the King
confider him beyond all his Minifters, and he well deferved the
confidence that the King exprefled for him on all occafions. In
the Houfe of Commons, Mr. Mountague had gained fuch a
vifible afcendant over all, that were zealous for the King's Ser-
vice, that he gave the Law to the reft, which jie did always
with great fpirit, but fometimes with too alTuming an air : The
Fleet was in the Earl of Orford\ management, who was both
Treafurer of the Navy, and was at the head of the Admiralty ;
he had brought in many into the Service, who were very zea-.
lous for the Government, but a fpirit of Impiety and DifTolu-
tion ran thro' too many of them, fo that thofe, who intended
to caft a load upon the Government, had too great advantages
given by fome of thefe. The Adminiftration at home was
otherwife without exception, and no grievances were complain-
ed of.
A new Par- There was a new Parliament called, and the Eledions fell
liament. generally on men, who were in the Interefts of the Govern-
ment : Many of them had indeed fome popular Notions, which
they had drank in under a bad Government, and thought they
ought to keep them under a good one ; So that thofe, who
wifhed well to the publick, did apprehend great difficulties in
managing them. The King himfelf did not feem to lay this to
heart, fo much as was fitting ; He ftayed long beyond Sea ; He
had made a vifit to the Duke of Zell^ where he was treated in
a moft magnificent manner. Crofs Winds hinder'd his coming
to England^ fo foon as he had intended ; upon which, the Par-
liament was prorogued for fome weeks, after the Members were
come up ; even this foured their fpirits, and had too great a
ftiare in the ill humour, that appeared among them.
The Forces The King's keeping up an Army beyond the Votes of the
niflied, ""' former Parliament, was much refented, nor was the occafion
for doing it enough confidered ; All this was increafed by his
own management after he came over. The Minifters repre-
fented to him, that they could carry the keeping up a Land
Force of ten or twelve thoufand, but that they could not carry

it

of King William IIL tic)

it further; He faid, fo frriall a number was as good as none 1698
at all, therefore he would not authorize them to propofe it ; <-«^'^/*^w
On the other hand, they thought they fliould lofe their Credit
with their beft friends^ if they ventured to fpeak of a greater
number. So, when the Houfe of Commons took up the De-
bate, the Miniftry were fllent and propofed no number ; upon
which thofe, who were in the contrary intercft, named Seven
thoufand Men, and to this they added, that they fhould be all
the King's natural born Subjeds : Both the parts of this Vpte
gave the King great unealinefs ; He feemed not only to lay it
much to heart, but to fink under it ; He tried all that was
poflible to ftruggle againft it, when it was too late ; it not be-
ing fo eafy to recover things in an after-game, as it was to havd
prevented this mifunderftanding, that was like to arife between him
and his Parliament. It was furmized, that he was refolved not
to pafs the Bill, but that he would abandon the Government,
rather than hold it, with a Force that was too fmall to preferve
and proteft it ; yet this was confidered only as a threatning, io
that little regard was had to it : The Adt pafled with fomc
oppofition in the Houfe of Commons ; a feeble attempt was
made in the Houfe of Lords againft it, but it was rather a re-
proach, than a fervice to the Government, it being faintly made
and ill fupported. The Royal AfTent was given, and when it
was hoped, that the pafllng the A61 had fofbied peoples minds,
a new attempt was made for keeping the Dutch Guards in
England^ but that was rejeded, tho' the King fent a Meffage
defiring it.

In the carrying thefe points, many hard things were faid The Party
againft the Court, and againft the King himfelf; It was fug- pffng^with'
gefted, that he loved not the Nation ; that he was on the re- g"""^ ''""'^*
ferve with all Englijhmeny and fhewed no confidence in them ;
But that as fbon as the Seflion of Parliament was over, he
went immediately to Holland', And they faid, this was not to
look after the affairs of the States, which had been more excu-
lable 5 but that he went thither to enjoy a lazy privacy at Loo 5
where, with a few Favourites, he hunted and pafTed away the
Summer, in a way that did not raife his Charader much. It
is certain, the ufage he had met with of late, put his Spirits
too much on the fret ; and he neither took care to difguife
that, nor to overcome the ill humour, which the manner of
his deportment, rather than any juft occafion given by him,
had raifed in many againft him. Some, in the Houfe of Com-
mons, began to carry things much further, and to fay, that they
were not bound to maintain the Votes, and to keep up the

Credit

220 The Hi sroT^Y of the Reign

1698 Credit of the former Parliament; And they tried to fhake the"
U^^V"^ Ad, made in favour of the new Eafi-India Company : This
was fo contrary to the fundamental Maxims of our Conftitu^
tion, that it gave caufe of Jealoufy, fince this could be intend-
ed for nothing, but to ruine the Government: Money raifed
by Parliament, upon Bargains and Conditions that were per-
formed, by thofe who advanced it, gave them fuch a purchafe
of thofe Adls, and this was fo facred, that to overturn it muft
deftroy all Credit for the future, and no Government could be
maintained that did not preferve this religioufly.

i6qq Among other Complaints j one made againft the Court was,
U?^/-'^ that the King had given Grants of the confifcated Eftates in
A Debate Ireland', It was told before, that a Bill being fent up by the
Grants of Commons, attainting the Irip that had been in Arms, and ap-
utM ^ ply^^g ^^^^ Eftates to the paying the Publick Debts, leaving on-
ly a Power to the King, to difpofe of the third part of them,
was like to lie long before the Lords ; Many Petitions being of-
fered againft it ; Upon which the King, to bring the Seffion to
a fpeedy conclufion, had promifed, that this matter fhould be
kept entire, till their next meeting : But the next SefTion going
over, without any proceeding in it, the King granted away all
thofe Confifcations : It being an undoubted Branch of the Royal
Prerogative, that all Confifcations accrued to the Crown, and
might be granted away at the pleafure of the King : It was
pretended, that thofe Eftates came to a Million and a half in
value. Great Objedions were made to the merits of fome, who
had the largeft fhare in thofe Grants ; Attempts had been made,
in the Parliament of Ireland, to obtain a confirmation of them,
but that which Ginkle, who was created Earl of Athlone, had,
was only confirmed ; Now it was become a popular fubjed of
Declamation, to arraign both the Grants, and thofe who had
them: Motions had been often nmde, for a general Refumption
of all the Grants, made in this Reign ; But in anfwer to this,
it was faid, that fince no iuch motion was made, for a. Re-
fumption of the Grants made in King Charles the Second's
Reign, notwithftanding the extravagant profufion of them, and
the ill grounds, upon which they were made, it fhewed both
a difrefped and a black ingratitude, if, while no other Grants
were refumed, this King only fhould be called in queftion. The
Court Party faid often, let the Retrofped go back to the year
1660, and they would confent to it, and that which might
be got by it would be worth the while. It was anfwered, this
could not be done after fo long a time, that fo many Sales,

Mortgages,

of King William IlL xii

Mortgages, and Settlements had been made, purfuant to thofe 1699

Grants ; So all thefe attempts came to nothing. Biit now they i^c^'V'^

fell on a more efFedtual method : A Commilllon was given, by

Ad of Parliament, to {qs^xi perfons named by the Houfc of

Commons, to enquire into the Value of the confifcated Eftatcs

in Ireland fo granted away, and into the Coniiderations, upon

which thofe Grants were made. This pad in this Seilion, and

in the Debates, a great alienation difcovered itfelf in many from

the King and his Government, which had a very ill effed upon

all affairs, both at home and abroad. When the time prefixed

for the disbanding the Army came, it was reduced to Seven thou-

fand Men : of thefe, Four thoufand were Horle and Dragoons,

the Foot were Three thoufand ; The Bodies were alfo reduced

to fo fmall a number of Soldiers, that it was faid we had now

an Army of Officers : The new model was much approved of

by proper judges, as the beft into which fo fmall a number could

have been brought. There was at the fame time, a very large

Proviiion made for the Sea, greater than was thought neceffary

in a time of Peace. Fifteeen thoufand Seamen, with a Fleet

proportioned to that number, was thought a neceffary fecurity,

lince we were made fo weak by Land.

I mentioned, in the relation of the former year, the Czars ii^^czarot
coming out of his own Country ; on which I will now enlarge : Mofcovy in
He came this Winter over to England^ and ftay'd fome Months "^ '*" *
among us ; I waited often on him, and was ordered, both by
the King and the Archbifhop and Bifhops, to attend upon him,
and to offer him fuch Informations of our Religion and Confti-
tution, as he was willing to receive ; I had good Interpreters,
fo I had much free difcourfe with him ; He is a man of a very
hot temper, foon inflamed and very brutal in his Pafllon ; He
raifes his natural heat, by drinking much Brandy, which he
redifies himfelf with great application ; He is fubjed to con-
vuKive Motions all over his Body, and his Head feems to be
affeded with thefe ; He wants not Capacity, and has a larger
meafure of Knowledge, than might be expeded from his Edu-
catioiij which was very indifferent; A want of Judgment, with an
inftability of Temper, appear in him too often and too evident-
ly ; He is mechanically turn'd, and feems defigned by Nature ;
rather to be a Ship Carpenter, than a great Prince ; This was
his chief ftudy and exercife, while he flayed here : He wrought
much with his own hands, and made all about him work at
the Models of Ships 5 He told me, he deligned a great Fleet
at Azuphy and with it to attack the Turkijh Empire ; But he
did not feem capable of conduding fo great a Deiign, though

Vol. XL L U hk

211 The History^ the Reign

1699 his condudt in his Wars fince this, has difcovcred a greater
L,<?^v"''5yj Genius in him, than appeared at that time ; He was defiroiis to
underftand our Doftrine, but he did not feem difpofed to mend
matters in Mofcovy 5 He was indeed refolved to encourage
Learning, and to poHfh his People, by fending fome of them
to travel in other Countries, and to draw Strangers to come
and live among them ; He feemed appreheniive flill of his
Sifter's Intrigues ; There was a mixture both of Pafllon and Se-
verity in his temper. He is refolute, but underftand s little of
War, and feemed not at all inquifitive that way : After I had
feen him often, and had converfed much with him, I could
not but adore the depth of the Providence of God, that had
raifed up fuch a furious man, to fo abfolute an Authority over
fo great a part of the World.

David-) conftdering the great things God had made for the
ufe of man, broke out into the Meditation, What is man, that
thou art fo mindful of him f But here there is an occafion, for
reverftng thele words, fince Man feems a very contemptible
thing, in the ftght of God, while fuch a perfon as . the Czat-
has fuch multitudes, put as it were under his feet, expofcd to
his reftlefs Jealoufy and favage Temper. Fie went from hence
to the Court of Vienna, where he purpofed to have ftay'd fome
time, but he was called home, fooner than he had intended,
upon a difcovery or a fufpicion of Intrigues managed by his
Sifter : The Strangers to whom he trufted moft, were fo true
to him, that thofe defigns were cruftied before he came back 5
But on this occafion, he let loofe his fury on all whom he fuf-
peded ; Some hundreds of them were hanged all round Mof-
cow, and it was faid, that he cut off many Heads with his
own hand, and fo far was he from relenting or fhewing any fort
of tendernefs, that he feemed delighted with it : How long he
is to be the Scourge of that Nation, or of his Neighbours, God
only knows : So extraordinary an incident will, I hope, juftify
fuch a digreffion.
The Affairs The King of Poland was not much better thought of by the
of "Polami. PqI^^^ though fomewhat deeper in his defigns j He had giv-
en that Republick great caule of fufpedling, that he intend-
ed to turn that free and eledive State, into an hereditary and
abfolute Dominion ; Under the pretence of a Civil War, like
to arife at home, on the Prince of Conti\ account, and of the
War withr*the lurks, he had brought in an Army of Saxons,
of whom the Poles were now become fo jealous, that if he does
not fend them home again, probably that Kingdom will fall
into new Wars,

The

of King William III. ^ 113

The young King of Sweden leemed to inherit the roughnefs of 1699
his Father's temper, with the Piety and the Virtues of his Mother ; L^J^V""^
His Coronation was performed in a particular manner ; He took of Sweden!
up tht Crown himfelf, and fet it on his head ; The defign of
this Innovation in the Ceremonial feems to be, that he will
not have his Subje6ls think, that he holds his Crown in any re-
fpcd by their Grant or Confent, but that it was his own by Dc-
fcent : Therefore no other perfon was to fet it on his head : Where-
as, even abfolute Princes are willing to leave this poor remnant
and /hadow of a popular Election, among the Ceremonies of
their Coronation ; lince they are crowned upon the defircs and
fhoutings of their People. Thus the two Northern Crowns,
Denmark and Sweden^ that were long under great reftraints by
their Conftitution, have in our own time, emancipated them-
felves fo entirely, that in their Government they have little re-
gard, either to the rules of Law or the decencies of Cuftom. A
little time will fhew, whether Poland can be brought to fubmit
to the fame abfolutenefs of Government ; They who fet their
Crown to Sale, in fo bare-faced a manner, may be fuppofed
ready likewife to fell their Liberties, if they can find a Merchant,
that will come to their Price.

The frequent relapfes, and the feeble ftate of the King of a Treaty
Spain\ Health, gave the World great alarms. The Court of^"'*''^^"/^'

I ' D D ceflion to the

Vienna^ trufted to their intereft in the Court of Spain^ and in Crown of
that King himfelf; The French Court was refolved not to let*^^"'"*
go their Pretenfions to that SuccefTion, without great advantages ;
The King aiid the States were not now ftrong enough^ to be
the Umpires in that matter ; This made them more eafily hear-
ken to Propofitions, that were fet on foot by the Court of Fra?tce ;
The Eleftoral Prince of Bavaria was propofed, he being the
only Iflue of the King of Spains fecond Sifter, who was mar-
ried to the Emperor. Into this, the King, the States, and the Elec-
tor of Bavaria entred ; The Court of Spain agreed to this ; and
that King, by his Will, confirmed his Father's Will, by which
the SuccefTion of the Crown was fettled on the IfTue of the fe-
cond Daughter, and it was refolved to engage all the Grandees
and Cities of Spain.^ to maintain the SuccefTion, according to this
Settlement. The Houfe of Aujiria complained of this, and
pretended that, by a long tradt of reciprocal Settlements, feveral
mutual Entails had paffed, between thofe two Branches of the
Houfe of AuJlria \ The Court of France feemed alfo to com-
plain of it, but they were fecretly in it, upon engagements,
that the Dominions in Italy fhould fall to their fhare ; But
while thefe engagements, in favour of the Prince Eledoral,

were

'V.v

¥24 TJl^e HisroRV of th Reign

1699 were raifing great apprehenfions every where, that yx)ung Prince,
t^!'^'*v"'^ who feemcd marked out for great things, and who had all the'
promifing beginnings, that could be expefted in a Child of fe-
ven years old, fell fick, and was carried oJfT the third or fourth
day of his illnefs ; So vmcertain are all the profpeds, and all the
hopes, that this World can give. Now the Dauphin and the
Emperor were to difpute, or to divide this SuccefTion between
them ; So a new Treaty was fet on foot : It was generally given
out, and too eafily believed, that the King of France was grown
weary of War, and was reiblved to pafs the reft of his days
in Peace and Quiet ; But that he could not confent to the ex-
altation of the Houfe of Aujiria ; yet if that Houfe were fet a-
lide, he would yield up the Dauphins pretenfions ; and fo the
Duke of Savoy was much talked of, but it was with the pro-
fpefl: of having his Hereditary Dominions yielded up to the Cfowri
of France : But this great matter came to another digeftion tl
few Months after.
The Earl of About this time, the King fet up a new* Favourite : Keppely
favo^ur.'*'^^* a Gentleman of Guelder^ was raifed from being a Page, into
the higheft degree of favour, that any perfon had ever attained j
about the King : He was now made Earl of Albemarle^ and
foon after Knight of the Garter, and by a quick and unaccount-
able pTogrefty he feemed to have engrofled the Royal Favour
fo entirely, that he difpofed of every thing, that was in the
King's Power. He was a cheerful young man, that had the
art to pleafe, but was fo much given up to his own pleafures,
that he could fcarce fubmit to the attendance and drudgery, that
was neceflary to maintain his Poft. He never had yet diftin-
guiflied himfelf in any thing, tho' the King did it in every
thing. He was not cold nor dry, as the Earl oi Portland was
thought to be ; who feemed to have the art of creating many
enemies to himfelf, and not one friend : But the Earl of Al-
bemarle had all the Arts of a Court, was civil to all, and pro-
cured many favours. The Earl oi Portland obferved the pro-
grefs of this favour with great uneafinefs ; They grew to be not
only incompatible, as all Rivak for favour muft needs be, but
to hate and oppofe one another in every thing ; by which the
King's Affairs fuffered much ; The one had more of the confi-
dence, and the other much more of the favour ; The King had
heaped .many Grants on the Earl of Portland^ and had fent
him Ambaflador to France^ upon the Peace ; where he ap-
peared with great Magnificence, and at a vaft Expence^ and
had many very unufual Refpeds put upon him by that King
and all that Court j but upon his return, he could not bear

the

of King William \\\f\ i^if

the vifible fuperiority in favour, that the other was grown up to; 1699
So he took occafion, from a fmall preference that was given -.<;^'V"*^
him, in prejudice of his own Poft, as Groom of the Stole, and
upon it withdrew from the Court, and laid down all his Im-
ployments. The King ufed all poffible means to divert him
from this refolution, but without prevailing on him ; He con-
fented to ferve the King ftill in his affairs, but he would not
return to any Poft in the Houfliold ; And not long after that he
was employed in the new Negotiation, fet on foot for the Suc-
ceflion to the Crown of Spain.

This year died the Marquifs of JVtncheJler^ whom the King The Dtath
had created Duke of Bolton ; He was a man of a ftrange mix- of ^"Bolton.
ture ; He had the Spleen to a high degree, and affeded an ex-
travagant behaviour ; for many weeks he would take a conceit
not to fpeak one word ; and at other times, he would not open
his mouth, till fuch an hour erf the day, when he thought the
Air was pure ; He changed the day into night, and often hunt-
ed by torch light, and took all forts of Liberties to himfelf,
many of which were very difagreeable to thofe about him. hx
the end of King Charles % time, and during King James % reign,
he afFedled an appearance of folly, which afterwards he com-
pared to Junius Brutus\ behaviour under the Tarquins. With
all this, he was a very knowing and a very crafty politick
man : and was an artful Flatterer, when that was necelfary to
compafs his end, in which generally he was fuccefsful : He
was a man of a profufe expence, and of a moft ravenous ava-
rice to fupport that ; and tho' he was much hated, yet he car-
ried matters before him with fuch authority and fuccefs, tliat
he was in all refpeds, the great Riddle of the age.

This Summer, Sir Jojiah Child died ; He was a man of And of Sir
great Notions as to Merchandize, which was his Education, ^^^*
and in which he fucceeded beyond any man of his time ; He
appHed himfelf chiefly to the Eajl-India Trade, which by his
management was railed fo high, that it drew much envy and
jealoufy both upon himfelf and upon the Company ; He had a
compafs of knowledge and apprehenflon, beyond any Mer-
chant I ever knew ; He was vain and covetous, and thought
too cunning, tho' to me he feemed always fincere.

The Complaints that the Court of France fent to Rome^ r^^ie ^KUn-
againft the Archbilhop of Cambray\ Book, procured a Cenfure '^^"P "^
from thence ; But he gave fuch a ready and entire fubmifllon Book coiv-
to it, that how much foever that may have leflened him, in '^<=""°^'
fome mens Opinions, yet it quite defeated the dcflgns of his
enemies againft him : Upon this occafion, it appeared how much
Vol. II. M m m both

ii6 The History of the Reign

1699 both the Clergy of France^ and the Courts of Parliament there,
<-'<;^*V''=>-' were funk from that firmnefs, which they had fo long main-
tained again ft the incroachment of the Court of Rome ; not fo
much as one perfon of thofe bodies, has fet himfelf to aflert
thofe Liberties, upon which they had fo long valued themfelves ;
The whole Clergy fubmitted to the Bull, the King himfelf re-
ceived it, and the Parliament regiftred it : We do not yet know,
by what methods and pradices this was obtained at the Court
of Rome, nor what are the diftindions, by which they faVe the
Dodrine of fo many of their Saints, while they condemn this
Archbifhop's Book ; For it is not eafy to perceive a difference
between them : From the conclufion of this Procefs at Rome, I
turn to another, againft a Bifhop of our own Church, that was
brought to a fentence and conclufion this Summer.
Tiie Bifhop Dp. Watfon was promoted by King James to the Bifhoprick of
w^'/de- '^ St. David\ ; It was believed that he gave money for his ad-
privedfor vancement, and that, in order to the reimburfing himfelf, he
fold mod of the fpiritual Preferments in his Gift : By the Law
and Cuftom of this Church, the Archbifhop is the only Judge
of a Bifhop, but, upon fuch occafions, he calls for the afliftance
of fbme of the Bifhops ; He called for fix in this caufe ; I was
one of them ; It was proved, that the Bifhop had collated a
Nephew of his to a great many of the beft Preferments in his
Gift, and that, for many years, he had taken the whole profits
of thefe to himfelf, keeping his Nephew very poor, and oblig-
ing him to perform no part of his duty : It was alfo proved,
that the Biftiop obtained leave to keep a Benefice, which he
held before his Promotion, by a Commendam (one of the abufes,
which the Popes brought in among us, from which we have
not been able hitherto to free our Church) he had fold both
the Cure, and the Profits to a Clergyman, for a fum of Money,
and had obliged himfelf to refign it upon demand ; That is,
as foon as the Clergyman could, by another fum, purchafe the
next prefentation of the Patron : Thefe things were fully prov-
ed. To thefe, was added a charge of many opprefilve Fees,
which being taken for Benefices, that were in his Gift, were
not only Extortion but a prefumptive Simony : all thefe he had
taken himfelf, without making ufe of a Regifter or Aduary ;
for as he would not truft thofe fccrets to any other, fo he
fwallowed up the Fees, both of his Chancellor and Regifler ;
He had alfo ordained many perfons, without tendring them the
Oaths, enjoined by Law, and yet, in their Letters of Orders,
he had certified under his hand and Seal, that they had taken
thofe Oaths ; This was, what the Law calls Crimen falft, the

ccrti-

bf King William lit. ^^b^ij

tertifying that, which he knew to be falfe ; No exceptions lay 1699
to the WitnclTes, by whom thefe things were made out, nor did ^^.'^^w'^*^
the Bifhop bring any proofs, dn his fide, to contradict tlicir Evi-
dence ; Some affirmed, that he was a fober and regular man,
and that he fpoke often of Simony, with fuch deteftation, that
they could not think him capable of committing it : The Bi-
fhop of Rochefier withdrew from the Court, on the day, in
which Sentence was to be given ; He confentcd to a fufpcnfion,
but he did not think that a Bifhop could be deprived, by the
Archbifhop : When the Court fate to give Judgment, the Bifhop
refumed his Privilege of Peerage, and pleaded it ; but he, hav-
ing waved it in the Houfe of Lords, and having gone on ftill
fubmitting to the Court ; No regard was had to this, fmce a
Plea to the Jurifdidion of the Court, was to be offered in the
firft inflance, but could not be kept up to the laft, and then
be made ufe of: The Bifhops, that were prefent, agreed to a
fentence of Deprivation : I went further, and thought that he
ought to be excommunicated. He was one of the worft men,
in all refpeds, that ever I knew in Holy Orders : paflionate, co-
vetous, and falfe in the blackeft inftances; without any one
vertue or good quality, to balance his many bad ones. But,
as he was advanced by King yames^ (o he ftuck firm to that
Interefl ; and the Party, tho' afhamed of him, yet were refolved
to fupport him, with great zeal : He appealed to a Court of
Delegates ; and they, about the end of the year, confirmed the
Archbifhop's fentence. Another profecution followed for Si-
mony, againft yones Bifhop of St. ji^faph, in which, tho' the
prefumptions were very great, yet the Evidence was not fb clear,
as in the former cafe ; The Bifhops in Wales give almoft
all the Benefices in their Diocefe ; So this Primitive Conftitu-
tlon, that is ftill preferved among them, was fcandaloufly abufed
by fome wicked men, who fet holy things to fale, and thereby
cncreafed the prejudices, that are but too eafily received, both
ao;ainfl ReHgion and the Church.

I publifhed this year an Expofition of the Thirty nine Arti- i puwi/hed
cles of Religion : It feemed a Work much wanted, and it was ^." £'«pofl-
juftly to be wondred at, that none of our Divines had at- Thirty nine
tempted any fuch Performance, in a way fuitable to the digni- ■^"'<^'"-
ty of the fubjed: : For fome flight Analyfes of them are not
worth, either mentioning or reading. It was a work, that re-
quired ftudy and labour, and laid a man open to many mali-
cious attacks ; This made fome of my friends advife me againft
publifhing it ; In compliance with them, I kept it five years
by me, after I had finifhed it : But I was now prevail'd on by

the

%»

»^

'22 8 The YlisroKY of the Reigfi

^^ibQQ the Archbifliop and many of my own Order, befides a great
u?^'^/'^5>J many others, to delay the publifhing it no longer. It feemed
a proper addition to the Hiftory of the Reformation, to explain
and prove the Dodrine, which was then efl:abli£hed. I was
moved firft, by the late Queen, and preflet.' by the late Arch-
bifhop to write it ; I can appeal to the Searcher of all hearts,
that 1 wrote it, vvdth great fmcerity and a good intention ; and
with all the application and care, I was capable of ; I did then
expeft, what I have iince met with, that malicious men would
imploy both their induftry and ill- nature, to find matter for
cenfure and cavils ; But tho' there have been fome Books writ
on purpofe againft it, and many in Sermons and other Treati-
fes have occafionally reflected, with great feverity, upon feveral
paffages in it, yet this has been done, with fo little juftice or
reafon, that I am not yet convinced, that there is one fingle
period or exprefTion, that is juftly remarked on, or that can
give me any occafion, either to retrad, or fo much as to ex-
plain any one part of that whole Work ; which I was very
ready to have done, if I had feen caufe for it. There was
another reafon, that feemed to determine me to the publifhing
it at this time.
The growth Upon the Peace of Ryjwick, a great fwarm of Priefts came
of Popery. Qy^^ ^q England^ not only thofe, whom the Revolution had
frighted away, but many more new men, who appeared irt
many places with great infolence ; And it was faid, that they
boafted of the favour and protedion, of which they were affur-
ed. Some enemies of the Government began to give it out,
that the favouring that Religion was a fecret Article of the
Peace ; and fo abfurd is malice and calumny, that the Jaco-
bites began to fay, that the King was either of that Religion,
or at leaft a favourer of it : Complaints of the avowed praftices
and infolence of the Priefts were brought from feveral places,
k during the laft Seflion of Parliament, and thofe were malici-

oufly aggravated by fome, who caft the blame of all on the
King.
An Aa a- Upon this, fome propofed a Bill, that obliged all perfons
gainft Pa- g^^^catcd in that ReHgion, or fufpeded to be of it, who
fhould fucceed to any Eftate before they were of the age of
eighteen, to take the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, and
the Teft, as foon as they came to that age ; and till they did
it, the Eftate was to devolve to the next of kin, that was a
Proteftant ; but was to return back to them, upon their taking
the Oaths. All popifh Priefts were alfo banifhed by the Bill,
and were adjudged to perpetual imprifonment, if they fhould
* again

of King William IIL

229

again return into England-, and the reward of an hundred 1699
pound was offered to every one, who fhould difcover a Popifli L-i^<'"Vi
JPricft, fo as to convid him. Thofc, who brought this into the
Houfc of Commons, hoped, that the Court would have opppf-
ed it; Bet the Court promoted the Bill; So when the Party
faw their miftake, they feemed willing to let the Bill fall ; and
when that could not be done, they clpgged it with many fevere
and fome unrcafonable Claufes, hoping that the Lords would
not pafs the Ad ; And it was faidj that if the Lords fhould
make the leaft alteration in it, they, in ,the Houfe of Commons^
who had fet it on, were refolved to let it lie on their Tajble*,
when it fhould be fent back to theni. - Many Lords, who fe-
eretly favoured Papifts, on the Jacobite account, did for this
very realbuj move for feveral alterations j Some of thefe im-
porting a greater feverity ; But the zeal againft Popery was
fuch in that Houfe, that the. Bill paft without any amendment,
and it had the Royal Affent. I was for this Bill, t\otwithftand-
ing my Principles for Toleration, and againft all Perfecution /pt
Confcience fake ; I had always, thought, that if a Government
found any Se6t in Religion, incornpatible with its quiet and
fafety, it might, and fometimes ought to fend away all of that
Sed, with as little hardfhip as pofTible ; It it certain, that
as all Papifts muft, at all times, be ill fubjeds to a Proteftant
Prince, fo this is much more to be apprehended, when there
is a pretended Popifti Heir in the cafe ; This A61 hurt no man|.
that was in the prefent poflefllon of an Eftate, it only incapaci^
» tated his next Heir, to fuccecd to that Eftate, if he continued ai
Papift ; So the danger pf this, in cafe the Ad ftiould be well
looked to, would put thofe of that Religion, who are men of
Confeience, on the felling their Eftati^s ; and in the courfe of a
few years, might deliver us from having any Papifts left among
us. But this Ad wanted feveral neceflary Claufes, to enforce
the due execution of it ; The word next of kin, was very in-
definite, and the next of kin was not obliged to claim the be-
nefit of this Ad, nor did the Right defcend to the remoter
Heirs, if the more immediate ones fhould not take the benefit
of it ; The Teft, relating to matters of Dodrine and Worfhip,
did not feem a proper ground for fo great a feverity ; So this
Ad was not followed nor executed in any fort ; But here is a
Scheme laid, tho' not fully digefted, which on fome great pro-
vocation, given by thofe of that Religion, may difpofe a Par-
liament to put fuch Claufes in a new Ad, as may make this
effedual.

Vol. II.

N n n

the

230 T'he History of the Reign

1699 The King of Demnark was in a vifible decline all this year^
«-<!^''v"'^f and died about the end of Summer ; While he was languifh-
Affairs in ing, the Duke of Holflein began to build fome new Forts in
Hoijieiu. ^^^ Dutchy ; This the Danes faid, was contrary to the Trea-
ties, and to the Condominium^ which that King and the Duke
have in that Dutchy ; The Duke of Holjlein had married die
King of Sweden^ Sifter, aind depended on the affurances he had,
of being fupported by that Crown ; The young King of Den-
mark, upon his coming to the Crown, as he complained of
thefe Infractions, fo he eiitred into an Alliance, with the King
of Poland, and the Elector of Brande?tburgh, and, as was
faid, with the Landgrave of Hejfe and the Duke of Wolfem-
buttel, to attack Sweden and Holjlein at once, on all hands. The
King of Poland was to invade Livonia ; The Eledtor of Bran-
denburgh was to fall into the Regal Pomerania, and the other
Princes were to keep the Dukes of Zell and Hanover, from
aflifting Holjlein ; The King of Denmark himfelf was to attack
Holjlein, but his Father's chief Minifter and Treafurer, the Baron
Plejfe, did not like the Concert, and apprehended it would not
end well ; So he withdrew from his Poft, which he had main-
tained long, with a high reputation, both for his capacity and
integrity ; which appeared in this, that, tho' that King's Pow-
er is now carried to be abfolute, yet he never ftretched it to
new or oppreflive Taxes ; and therefore feeing things were like
to take another ply in a new Reign, he refigned his imploy-
ment. He was the ableft and the worthieft man, that I ever
knew belonging to thofe parts; He was much trufted and
imployed by Prince George 5 So that I had great opportunities
to know him.
A War raif- The King of Sweden, feeing fuch a Storm coming upon him
theKlIlfoffron^ fo many hands, claimed the Effeds of his Alliance with
Sweden. England and Holland, who were Guarantees of the feveral
Treaties made in the North, particularly of the laft made at
Altena, but ten years before. The Houfe of Lunenburgh was
alfo engaged in intereft, to preferve Holjlein, as a Barrier be-
tween them and Denmark : The King of Poland thought the
invaiion of Livonia, which was to be begun with the Siege of
Riga, would prove both eafy and of great advantage to him.
Livonia was antiently a Fief of the Crown of Poland, and de-
livered itlelf for protedtion, to the Crown of Sweden, by a Ca-
pitulation : By tha|:, they were ftill to enjoy their ancient Li-
berties ; afterwards, the pretenlion of the Crown of Poland was
yielded up, about threefcore years ago : So that Livonia was
an abfolute but .legal Government : Yet the late King of Swe-

de?T

of king William IIIAV 231

den had treated that principality, in the fame rough manner, 1699
in which he had opprefled his other Dominions ; So it was v><5='^v*'^
thought, that the Livonians were difpofed (as foon as they faw
a power ready to proteA them, and to reftore them to their
former Liberties) to ihake oiT the Swedijh Yoke ; efpecially, if
they faw the King attack'd in fo many different places at
once.

The King of Poland had a farther defign in this Invafion : The King
He had an Army of Saxons in Poland., to whom he chiefly ^J^l^^"' *
trufted, in carrying on his Defigns there ; The Poles were be-
come fo jealous, both of him and of his Saxons, that in a
general Diet, they had come to very fevere Refolutions, in cafe
the Saxons were not fent out of the Kingdom, by a prefixed
day ; That King therefore reckoned, that as the reduction of
Livonia had the fair appearance, of recovering the antient inhe-
ritance of the Crown ; So by this means, he would carry the
Saxons Dut of Poland, as was decreed, and yet have them with-
in call : He likewife ftudied to engage thofe of Lithuania, to
join with him in the attempt. His chief dependance was on
the C%ar, who had affured him, that if he could make Peace
with the Turk, and keep Azuph, he would aflift him power-
fully againft the Swedes ; His defign being to recover Narva^
which is capable of being made a good Port. By this means,
he hoped to get into the Baltick, where if he could once fettle,
he would foon become an uneafy Neighbour, to all the nor-
thern Princes : The King of Poland went into Saxony, to
mortgage and fell his Lands there, and to raife as much money,
as was pofiible, for carrying on this War ; and he brought the
Eledtorate to fo low a ftate, that if his Defigns in Poland mif-
carry ; and if he is driven back into Saxony, he, who was the
richeft Prince of the Empire, will become one of the pooreft.
But the Amufements of Balls and Opera's confumed fo much,
both of his Time and Treafure, that whereas the Defign was
laid to furprize Riga, in the middle of the Winter, he did
not begin his attempt upon it, before the end of February, and
thefe Defigns went no farther this year.

While the King was at Loo this Summer, a new Treaty was The Parti-
fet on foot, concerning the Succefiion to the Crown of Spain ; "°" Treatj-.
The King and the States of the United Provinces faw the dan-
ger, to which they would be expofed, if they fhould engage in
a new War, while we were yet under the vaft Debts, that
the former had brought upon us ; The King's Minifters in the
Houfe of Commons affured him, that it would be a very dif-
ficult thing to bring them, to enter into a new War, for main-
taining

f^.-.•>^

232 Th^ 'Hist OKY of the Reign

1699 taining the rights of the Houfe of Aujiria. During the De-
^uT^^T'^^ bates concerning the Army, when fome mentioned the danger
of that Monarchy falling into the hands of a Prince of the
Houfe of Bourbon^ it was fet up for a maxim, that it would be
of no confequence to the affairs of Europe^ who was King of
Spainy whether a Frenchman or a German , And that as foon
as the SuccefTor ihould come within Spain^ he would become
r a true Spaniard^ and be governed by the Maxims and Interefts
^of that Crown ; So that there ^as no profped: of being able
to infufe into the Nation an apprehenfion of the confequence of
that SuccefHon. The Emperor had a very good claim ; but aa
he had little ftrength to fupport it by Land, (o he had none a6
all by Sea ; and his Treafure was quite exhaufted, by his long
War with the Turk: The French drew a great Force towards
the Frontiers of Spainy and they were refolved to march into it^
upon that King's death : There was no ftrength ready to oppofe
them, yet they feemed willing to compound the matter ; But
they faid, the conlideration muft be very valuable, that could
make them defift from fo great a Pretenlion ; and both the
King and the States thought it was a good Bargain, if, by yield-^
ing up fome of the lefs impditant branches of that Monarchy,
they could fave thofe in which they were moft concerned, whicJi
were Spain itfelf, the Wefi-IndieSy and the Netherlands, The
French feemed willing to accept of the Dominions in and about
Italyy with a part of the Kingdom of Navarre^ and to yield up
the reft to the Emperor's fecond Soii, the Archduke Charles ;
The Emperor entrcd into the Treaty, for he faw he could not
hope to carry the whole Succeflion entire ; but he preffed to
have the Dutchy of Milan added to his hereditary Dominions
in Germany ; The expedient that the King propofed was, that
the Duke of Lorrain fliould have the Dutchy of Milan, and
diat France fliould accept of Lorrain inftead of it ; He was
the Emperor's Nephew, and would be entirely in his Interefts ;
\ The Emperor did not agree to this, but yet he preffed the
King, not to give over the Treaty, and to try if he could make
a better Bargain for him ; above all things, he recommended
Secrecy, for he well knew how much the Spaniards would be
offended, if any Treaty fhould be owned, that might bring on
a difmembring of their Monarchy ; for tho' they were taking no
care to preferve it, in whole or in part, yet they could not
bear the having any branch torn from it. The King rec-
koned that the Emperor, with the other Princes of Italy, might
have fo much intereft in Rome, ais to ftop the Pope's giving the
Inveftiture of the Kingdom of Naples j And which way fbever

that

of King William III. v ;j33

that matter might end, it would obHge the Pope to fhew great 1699
partiality, either to the Houfe of Aujlria or the Houfe of Bour- v-^^'^v"''^
bon \ which might occafion a breach among them, with other
confequences, that might be very happy to the whole Protef-
tant Intereft ; Any War, that might follow in Italy^ would be
at great diftance from us, and in a Country, that we had no
reafon to regard much ; Befides, that the Fleets of England and
Holland muft come, in concluficn, to be the Arbiters of the
matter.

Thefe were the King's fecret motives; For I had moft of
them from his own mouth: The French confented to this
Scheme, and if the Emperor would have agreed to it, his Son
the Archduke was immediately to go to Spain-, to be conlidered
as the Heir of that Crown : By thefe Articles, figned both by
the King of France and the Dauphin^ they bound themfelves,
not to accept of any Will, Teftament, or Donation, contrary
to this Treaty, which came to be called the Partition Treaty.
I had the Original in my hands, which the Dauphin figned ;
The French and the Emperor tried their ftrength in the Court
of Spain ; It is plain, the Emperor trufted too much to his In-
tereft in that Court, and in that King himfelf ; And he refufed
to accept of the Partition, meerly to ingratiate himfelf with
them ; otherwife, it was not doubted, but that, feeing the im-
pofTibility of mending matters, he would have yielded to the
necefllty of his affairs. The French did, in a moft perfidious
manner, ftudy to alienate the Spaniards from their Allies, by
{hewing them to how great a diminution of their Monarchy
they had confented ; So that no way poflible was left, for them
to keep thofe Dominions ftill united to their Crown, but by
accepting the Duke of Anjou to be their King, with whom all
fhould be again reftcred. The Spaniards complained in the
Courts of their Allies, in ours in particular, of this Partition, as
a deteftable Projed j which was to rob them of thofe Domi-
nions, that belonged to their Crown, and ought not to be torn
from it ; No mention was made of this, during the Seflion of
Parliament, for tho' the thing was generally believed, yet it not
being publickly owned, no notice could be taken of bare Reports ;
and nothing was to be done, in purfuance of this Treaty, dur-
ing the King of Spain % Life.

In Scotland^ all men were full of hopes, that their new The affair*
Colony fhould bring them home mountains of Gold ; The Pro- °^ Scotland.
clamations, fent to Jamaica and to the other Englijh Planta-
tions, were much complained of, as a6ts of Hoftility and a
Violation of the common Rights of humanity j Thefe had a

V o L. II. O o o great

2 34 ^^ HisTORY<?/'/>&^ Reign

1699 great effedl on them, tho' without thefe, that Colony was tod
*-<^'^"V''>-' weak and too ill fupplied, as well as too much divided within
itfelf, to have fubfifted long ; Thofe, who had firft pofleffed
themfelves of it, were forced to abandon it ; Soon after they
had gone from it, a fecond Recruit of Men and Provifions
was fent thither from Scotland -^ But one of their Ships unhap-
pily took Fire, in which they had the greateft flock of Provi-
sions j And fo thefe likewife went off: And tho' the third Re-
inforcement, that foon followed this, was both ftronger and
better furnifhed, yet they fell into fuch Fadions among themfelves,
that they were too weak to relift the Spaniards^ who feeble as
they were, yet faw the neceflity of attacking them : And they
finding themfelves unable to relift the Force, which was brought
againft them, capitulated ; and with that the whole Defign fell
to the ground, partly for want of ftock and skill in thofe who
managed it, and partly by the bafenefs and treachery of thofe
whom they imployed.
_ ^ j.p The condud: of the King's Minifters in Scotland was much
content upon cenfured, in the whole progrefs or this affair ; For they had
]z)ariea. Connived at it, if not encouraged it, in hopes that the Defign
would fall of itfelf, but now it was not fo eafy, to cure the uni-
verfal difcontent, which the mifcarriage of this Defign, to the
impoverifhing the whole Kingdom, had raifed, and which now
began to fpread like a Contagion, among all forts of people.
A Petition for a prefent Seflion of Parliament was immediately
fent about the Kingdom, and was figned by many thoufands :
This was fent up, by fome of the chief of their Nobility, whom
the King received very coldly : Yet a Sefiion of Parliament
was granted them, to which the Duke of ^ueensbury was fent
down Commiffioner. Great pains were taken, by all forts of
practices, to be fure of a Majority ; Great offers were made them
in order to lay the difcontents, which ran then very high ;
A Law for a Habeas Corpus, with a great Freedom for Trade,
and every thing, that they could demand, was offered, to per-
fuade them to defift, from purfuing the defign upon D<irten.
The Court had tried, to get the ParHament of England to in-
terpofe in that matter, and to declare themfelves againft that
Undertaking ; The Houfe of Lords was prevailed on, to make
an Addrefs to the King, reprefenting the ill effeds that they
apprehended from that Settlement ; But this did not fignify
much, for as it was carried in that Houfe by a fmall Majority of
feven or eight, fo it was kid afide by the Houfe of Commons.
Some were not ill pleafed, to fee the King's affairs run into an
embroilment,; And others did apprehend, that there was a De-

bf King William III. 23 j

fign to involve the tw^o Kingdoms, in a National quatrel, that 1699
by fuch an artifice, a greater Army might be raifed, and kept ^•^=^'*'*'''"*^
up on both fides ; So they let that matter fall, nor would they
give any entertainment to a Bill, that was fent them by the
Lords, in order to a Treaty for the Union of both Kingdoms.
The managers in the Houfe of Commons, who oppofed the
Court, relblved to do nothing, that fhould provoke Scotland^
tr that fliould take any part of the blame and general difcon-
tent, that foured that Nation, off from the King : It was fur-
ther given out, to raife the National dilgufl: yet higher, that thd
opposition the King gave to the Scotch Colony, flowed nei-
ther frorri a regard to the Interefts of England^ nor to the Trea-
ties with Spairiy but from a care of the Dutch^ who from Cu-
rafoe drove a coafting Trade, among the Spanijh Plantations,
with great advantage ; which, they faid, the Scotch Colony, if
once well fettled, would draw wholly from them. Thefe
things were fet about that Nation with great induftry ; The ma-
nagement was chiefly in the hands of Jacobites ; Neither the
King nor his Minifl:ers were treated with the decencies, that ar^
fometimes obferved, even after Subjedls have run to Arms ;
The keeneft of their rage was plainly pointed at the King him-
felf ; Next him the Earl of Portland^ who had flill the direc-
tion of their affairs, had a large fhare of it. In the Seflion of
Parliament, it was carried by a Vote, to make the affair of Da-
rien a national concern 5 Upon that, the Seflion was for fome-
time difcontinued ; When the news of the total abandoning of
Darien was brought over, it cannot be well exprefled, into how
bad a temper this cafl: the body of that people ; They had now
loft almoft two hundred thoufand pounds Sterling, upon this
ProjeiS:, befides all the imaginary treafure, they had pro-
mifed themfelves from it : So the Nation was raifed into a fort
of a fury upon it, and in the firft heat of that, a remonftrance
was fent about the Kingdom for hands, reprefenting to the King,
the neceflity of a prefent fitting of the Parliament, which was
drawn in fo high a ftrain, as if they had refblvcd to ,purfue the
effefts of it, by an armed Force. It was figncd by a great
Majority of the Members of Parliament, and the ferment in
mens fpirits was raifed fo high, that few thought it could have
been long curbed, viathout breaking forth into great extremi-
ties.

The King ftay'd beyond Sea till November ; Many expe<^ed A Seffion of
to fee a new Parliament ; For the King's Speech at the end of ^^'''^°''=°*"
the former SefHon looked like a Complaint, and an Appeal to^
the Nation againft them ; He feemed inclined to it, but his

Mini-

236 ' The VLisroK^ of the ReigH

1699 Minifters would not venture on it 5 The diffolving a Parliament
L<j»'^''^>J in anger has always caft fuch a load on thofe, who were thought
to have advifed it, that few have been able to bear it ; befides,
the disbanding the Army had render'd the Members, who pro-
moted it, very popular to the Natioii ; So that they would have
fent up the fame men, and it was thought that there was little
occafion for heat in another SefTion ; But thofe who oppofed
the King, refolved to force a change of the Miniftry upon him ;
They were feeking Colours for this, and thought tliey had found
one, with which they had made much noife ; It was thi^.
A Com- Some Pirates had got together in the Indian Seas, and rob-

piaint made bg^j fomc of the Mogul\ Ships, in particular one, that he was
rates, fending with Prefents to Mecca \ moft of them were E?iglip :
The Eajl-India Company, having reprefented the danger of the
Moguls taking Reprifals of them, for thefe LofTes, it appeared
that there was a necefTity of deftroying thofe Pirates, who were
harbouring themfelves in fome creeks in Madagafcar. So a
Man of War was to be fet out to deftroy them, and one Kid
was pitched upon, who knew their haunts, and was thought
a proper man for the fervice ; But there was not a Fund, to
bear the charge of this ; For the ParUament had (o appropriat-
ed the money given for the Sea, that no part of it could be
applied to this expedition. The King propofed the managing
it, by a private undertaking, and faid he would lay down
three thoufand pounds himfelf, and recommended it to his Mi-
nifters, to find out the reft : In compliance with this, the Lord
Somers^ the Earls of Orford^ Rumney^ Bellamounty and fome
others contributed the whole expence ; For the King excufed
himfelf, by reafon of other accidents, and did not advance the
fum, that he had promifed : Lord Somers underftood nothing of
the matter, and left it wholly to the management of others, fo
that he never faw Kid^ only he thought it became the Poft he
was in, to concur in fuch a publick Service. A Grant was
made to the Undertakers, of all that (hould be taken from thofe
Pirates, by their Ship. Here was a handle for Complaint, for
as it was againft Law, to take a Grant of the Goods of any
Offenders before Convidion, fo a parity between that and this
cafe was urged : but without any reafon : The Provifions of
Law being very different, in the cafe of Pirates and that of o-
ther Criminals. The former cannot be attackt, but in the way
of War ; and therefore fince thofe, who undertook this, muft
run a great rilque in executing it, it was reafonable, and ac-
cording to the Law of War, that they fhould have a right to
all, that they found in the Enemies hai^ds, whereas thofe, who

feize

,; of King Wi L Li A m lit ^' 1 5 7

feize common Offenders, have fuch a ftrength by the Law, to 1699
afTift them, and incur fo little danger iri doing it, that no juft ^.^''■v^^
inference can be drawn from the one cafe to the other. Wheii
this Kid was thus fet out, he turned Pirate himfelf j ,, So a hea-
vy load was caft on the Miniftry, chiefly on him, wlio was at
the head ofi tlie Juftice of the Nation ; .It was faid, he oughf:
not to have engaged in fuch a Project ; And i^ was malicioufly
inGnuated, that the Privateer turned Pirate, in confidence of the
prote6tion of thofe, who imployed him, if he had hot fecret
Orders from them for what he did. Such black. c6nftru(^ions ai'e
men, who are engaged in Parties, apt to liiake of the a<3;ions
of thofe, whom they intend to difgrace, even againft their owrt
Confciences : So that an Undertaking, that was not only inno-
cent but meritorious, was traduced as a delign for Robbery
and Piracy. This was urged iri the Houfe of Commons as
highly criminal, for which all, who were concerned in it, ought
to be turned out of their Imployments ; and a Qiieftion was
put upon it, but it was rejeded by a great Majority. The next
attempt was to turn me out from the Truft of Educating the
Duke of Glocejier : Some obje<^ed fny being a Scotchman., others
remember'd the Book that was ordered to be burnt ; So thejr
prefTcd an Addrefs to the King, for removing me from that
Pod ; but this was likewife loft by the fame Majority, that had
carried the former Vote. The pay for the fmall Army, and the
expence of the Fleet, were fettled : And a Fund was given for
it J Yet thofe, who had reduced the Army, thought it needlefs
to have fo great a Force at Sea j They provided only for eight
thoufand men ; This was moved by the Tories, aild the Whigs
readily gave way to this redudlion, becaufe the Fleet was now
in another management ; Rujfel (now Earl of Orford) with his
friends being laid afide, and a fet of Tories being brought into
their places.

The great bufinefs of this Seftion was the Report brought 1^°?^
from Ireland, by four of the feven CommifHoners, that werfc
fent by Parliament, to examine into the Confifcations, andcernfn^ e"^
the Grants made of them. Three of the feven refufed to {igti^^^^p^ ire-
it, becaufe they^ thought it falfe, and ill grounded in many par-
ticulars, of which they fent over an account to both Hotifes ;
But no regard was had to that, nor was arxy enquiry made into
their objedions to the Report. Thefe three were looked oil,
as men gained by the Court ; And the refl: were magnified,
as men that could not be wrought on, rtOr frighted fi-om ,

their duty. They had proceeded like Iiiquifitors, and did rea-

VoL. IL P P P dily

258- Tbe UiWdK^ ofWpmign

ii'yoo dily believe every thing, that v^^as offered to them, that tended
U^'V^'Wto inflame the Report; as they fuppreffed all, that wds laid b'«?-.
fore them, that contradidled their defign, of reprefenting the
value of the Grants as very high, and of fliewing how unde-
ferving thofe were, who had obtained them: There .was fo^
much truth, in the- main of this, that no Complaints againft'
their proceedings could be hearkned to ; And indeed, all the-
methods that were taken, ,to difgrace the Report, had the quite
contrary effed; They reprefented the Confifcated Eftates to be'
fuch, that out of the Sale of them, a MilHon and a half might
be raifed ; So this fpecious Proportion, for difcharging fo great
a part of the Publick Debt, took with the Houfe ; The ha-
tred, into which the Favourites were fallen, among whom
and their Creatures the Grants were chiefly diftributed, made
the motion go the quicker ; All the oppofition that was made,
in the whole progrefs of this matter, was looked on as a court-
ing the men in favour ; nor was any regard paid to the referve
of a third part, to be difpofed of by the King, which had been
in the Bill that was fent up eight years before to the Lords.
When this was mentioned, it was anfwered, that the Gran-
tees had enjoyed thofe Eftates fo many years, that the mean
profits did arife to more than a third part of their value : Lit-
tle regard alfo was fhewn to the Purchales made under thole
Grants, and to the great improvements, made by the Purcha-
fers or Tenants, which were laid to have doubled the value of
thofe Eftates. All that was faid, on that head, made no im-
preflion, and was fcarce heard with patience : Yet, that fome
juftice might be done both to Purchafers and Creditors,, a num-
An Aa ber of Truftees were named, in whom all the confifcated E-
Tn^TfufteeT. ft^^cs wcrc veftcd, and they had a very great and uncontroula-
ble Authority lodged with them, of hearing and determin-
ing all juft claims, relating to thofe Eftates, and of felling
them to the beft Purchafers ; And the money to be raifed
by this Sale, was appropriated to pay the Arrears of the Army.
When all this was digefted into a Bill, the Party apprehended,
that many Petitions would be offered to the Houfe, which the
• Court would probably encourage, on defign at^ leaft to retard
tlieir proceedings : So, to prevent this, and that they might nor
lofe too much time, nor clog the Bill with too many Claufes
and Provifo's, they pafl^d a Vote of a very extraordinary na-
ture ; That they would receive no Petitions, relating to the
matter of this Bill. The Cafe of the Earl of Athloneh Grant
was very fingular ; The Houfe of Commons had been fo fenfi-
ble of his good fervice^ in reducing Ireland^ that they had

made

'^;ofJCtng William llll^ c:j39

made an Addrefs to the King, to give him a recompenc6, fiiit- 1 700
able to his Services : And the ParHament of Ireland was fo icw- y-"^^"^^
fible of their obHgations to him, that they, as was formerly
told, confirmed his Grant, of between two and three thoufand
pounds a year. He had fold it to thofc, who thought they
purchafed imder an unqueftionable Title, yet all that was now
let afidc, no regard being liad to it ; So that this Eftate was
thrown into the heap. Some Exceptions were made, in the Bill,
in favour of fome Grants, and Provifion was made for reward-
ing others, whom the King, as they thought, had not enough
confidered. Great oppofition was made to this by fome, who
thought that all Favours and Grants ought to be given by the
King, and not originally by a Houfe of Parliament, and this
was managed with great heat, even by fome of thofe, who
concurred in carrying on the Bill : Iti conclufion it was, by a
ne^i term as well as a new invention, confolidated with the
Money Bill, that was to go for the pay of tlie Fleet and Army,
and fo it came up to the Houfe of Lords ; which by confe-
.quehce they muft either pafs or reject. The method, that the
Court took in that Houfe to oppofe it, was, to offer fome Al-
terations, that were indeed very jufl: and reafonable ; but fince
the Houfe of Commons would not fuffer the Lords to alter
Money Bills, this was in effed to lofe it. The Court, upon
fome previous Votes, found they had a Majority among the
Lords ; So, for fome days, it feemed to be defigned to lofe the
Bill, and to venture on a Prorogation or a Diflblutipn, rather
than pafs it. Upon the apprehenfions of this, the Commons
were beginning to fly out into high Votes, both againft the Mi-
-riifters and the Favourites ; The Lord Somers was attack'd a fe-
cond time, but was brought ofF by a greater Majority, than
had appeared for him, at the beginning of the Seflion. Dur-
ing the Debates about the Bill, he was ill ; And the worft con-
ftrudlion pofTible was put on that ; it was faid, he advifed all
the oppofition that was made to it, in the Houfe of Lords, but
that, to keep himfelf out of it, he feigned that he was ill :
Tho' his great attendance in the Court of Chancery, the Houfe
of Lords, and at the Council Table, had fo impaired his health,
that every year, about that time, he ufed to be brought very
low, and difabled from bufinels. The King feemed refolved,
to venture on all the ill confequences, that might follow the
lofing this Bill ; tho' thofe would probably have been fatal. As
far as We could judge, either another Seflion of that Parliament,
or a new One, would have banifhed the Favourites, and be-
gun the Bill anew, with the addition of obliging the Gran-
tees,

240 T^^ History t)f the Reign

1700 tees, to refund all the mean profits: Many in the Houfe <£
U^"Vw Lords, that in all other things were very firm to the King, \ver€
for pafling this Bill, notwithftanding the King's earneftnefs a-
gainft it, fince they apprehended the ill eonfequences, that
were like to follow, if it was loft. I was one of thele, and the
King was much difpleafed with me for it : I faid, I would ven-
ture his difpleafure, rather than pleafe him in that, which I
feared would be the ruine of his Government : I confefs, I did
not at that time apprehend, what injuftice lay under many of
the Claufes in the Bill, which appeared afterwards fo evidently,
that the very fame pcrfons, who drove on the Bill, were con-
vinced of them, and redrefled fome of them in A6ts, that paff-
ed in fubfequent Seffions : If I had underftood that matter a-
right and in time, I had never given my Vote for fo unjuft a
.Bill. I only confidered it as a hardfhip put on the King, ma^
ny of his Grants being thus made void ; fome of which had
not been made on good and reafonable confiderations, fo that
they could hardly be excufed, much lefs juftified ; I thought
the thing was a fort of force, to which it feemed reafonable to
give way, at that time, fince we were not furnifhed with an
equal ftrength, to withftand it : But when I faw afterwards,
what the eonfequences of this Ad: proved to be ; I did firmly
refolve, never to confent again to any tack to a Money Bill, as
long as I lived. The King became fuUen upon all this, and
upon the many incidents, that are apt to fall in upon Debates
of this nature : He either did not apprehend, in what fuch
things might end, or he was not much concerned at it : His re-
fentment, which was much provoked, broke out into fome in-
flances, which gave fuch handles to his Enemies, as they wifb-
ed for ; and they improved thofe advantages, which his ill con-
dudl gave them, with much fpite and induftry, fo as to alie-
nate the Nation from him. It was once in agitation among
the Party, to make an Addrefs to him, againft going beyond
Sea, but even that was diverted, with a malicious defign. Hi-
therto the Body of the Nation retained a great meafure of af-
fedion to him ; This was beginning to diminifh, by his going
fo conftantly beyond Sea, as foon as the Sefiion of Parliament
was ended ; tho' the War was now over. Upon this, it grew
to be publickly faid, that he loved no Englipmans, face, nor
his company ; So his Enemies reckoned it was fit for their ends,
\ to let that prejudice go on, and encreafe in the minds of the peo-

ple ; till they might find a proper occafion, to graft fome bad
defigns upon it. The Seffion ended in April-, Men of all fides,
being put into a very ill humour by the proceedings in it.

The

of King Wl L L I A M III. 24 I

The Leaders of the Tories began to infinuatc to the Favoi: 1 - .
rites, the neceffity of the King's changing his Miniftry, in par- ^^ , '
ticular of removing the Lord Somers^ who, as he was now confi- tatMu-iiftry*
dered as the Head of the Whigs, fo his wife Counfels, and his
modeft way of laying them before the King, had gained him
a great fhare of his efteeni and confidence ; and it was rec-
koned, that the chief ftrength of the Party lay in his credit
with the King, and in the prudent methods he took, to govern
the Party, and to moderate that heat and thofe jealoufies, with
which the King had been fo long difgufted, in the firft years
of his Reign. In the Houle of Commons, he had been parti-
cularly charged, for turning many Gentlemen out of the Com-
miffion of the Peace ; This was much aggravated, and raifed a
very high complaint againft him ; but there was no juft caufe
for it : When the delign of the Allkffination and Invafton, in
the year 1695 and 1696 was diicovered, a voluntary Aflbciation
Was entred into, by both Houfes of Parliament, and that was
fet round the Nation : In fuch a time of danger, it was thought,
that thofe, who did not enter ^'oluntarily into it, were fo ill
affedted, or at leaft fo little zealous for the King, that it was
not fit, they fhould continue Juflices of Peace : So an Order
pafled in Council, that all thofe, who had fo refufed, fhould
be turned out of the Commiflion : He had obeyed this Order,
upon the reprefentations made to him, by the Lords Lieute-
nants and the Cujiodes Rotulorum of the feveral Counties, who
were not all equally difcreet : Yet he laid thofe reprefentations
before the Council, and had a fpecial Order, for every perfon,
that was fo turned out. All this was now magnified, and it
was charged on him, that he had advifed and procured tliefe
Orders, yet this could not be made fo much as a colour to pro-
ceed againft him, a clamour and murmuring was all that could
be raifed from it. But now the Tories ftudied to get it infufed
into the King, that all the hard things, that had been of late
put on him by the Parliament, were occafioned by the hatred,
that was born to his Minifters ; and that if he would change
hands, and imploy others, matters might be foftned and mend-
ed in another Parliament: With this the Earl of Jerfey ftudied
to pofTefs the Earl of Albemarle j And the uneafinefs the King
was in, difpofed him to think, that if he fhould bring in a fet
of Tories, into his bufinefs, they would ferve him with the
fame zeal, and with better fuccefs, than the Whigs had done ;
and he hoped to throw all upon the Miniftersj that were now
to be difmiiTed.

Vol. II. CLq e( Tli«

242 The History of the Reign

1700 The firft time that the Lord Somers had recovered fo much
'-^^"^'^"^'^ health, as to come to Court, the King told him, it feemed ne-
'^^nii^i't ceflary for his fervice, that he fhould part with the Seals, and
turned out. he wifhcd, that he would make the delivering them up his own
Ad: : He excufed himfelf in this ; all his Friends had prefled
him, not to offer them, fince that feemed to fhew fear or guilt ;
So he begged the King's pardon, if in this he followed their ad-
vice ; but he told the King that, whenfoever he fhould fend a
Warrant under his hand, commanding him to deliver them .up,
he would immediately obey it ; The Order was brought by
Lord Jerfey^ and upon it the Seals were lent to the King. Thus
the Lord Somers was difcharged from this great Office, which
he had held feven years, with a high reputation for capaci-
ty, integrity, and diligence : He was in all relped:s the great-
eft Man I had ever known in that Poft ; His being thus re-
moved, was much cenfured by all, but thofe who had pro-
cured it ; Our Princes ufed not to difmifs Minifters, who ferved
them well, unlefs they were preffed to it by a Houle of Com-
mons, that refufed to give money, till they were laid alide.
But here a Minifter (who was always vindicated by a great Ma-
jority in the Houfe of Commons, when he was charged there,
and who had ferved both with fidelity and fuccefs, and was
indeed cenfured for nothing fo much, as for his being too com-
pliant with the King's humour and notions, or at leaft for be-
ing too foft or too feeble in reprefenting his errors to him)
was removed without a fhadow of complaint againft him. This
was done with fo much hafte, that thofe, who had prevailed
with the King to do it, had not yet concerted, who fhould
fucceed him ; They thought, that all the great Men of the
, Law were afpiring to that high Poft, fo that any one, to whom it
fhould be offered, would certainly accept of it : But they loon
found they were miftaken ; for what, by reafon of the inftability
of the Court, what by reafon of the juft apprehenfions men might
have, of fucceeding fo great a man, both Holt and Trevor, to
whom the Seals were offered, excufed themfelves. It was Term-
time, fo a vacancy in that Poft put things in fome confufion.
A temporary Commiflion was granted, to the three Chief Judges,
to judge in the Court of Chancery ; and after a few days, the
Seals were given to Sir Nathan Wright, in whom there was no-
thing equal to the Poft, much lefs to him, who had lately fil-
led it. The King's inclinations feemed now turned to the To-
ries, and to a new Parliament : It was for fome time in the
dark, who had the Confidence, and gave diredions to affairs ;
we, who looked on, were often difpofed to think, that there

was

1

of King William III. 143

was no diredtion at all, but that every thing was left to take 1 700
its courfe, and that all was given up to hazard. uj^'v^'W

The King, that he might give fome content to the Nation, a Fleet fcnt
ftay'd at Hampton-Court till July, and then went to Holland; '"'^^Sound.
But before he went, the Minifter of Sweden prefTed him to
make good his engagements vidth that Crown ; Riga was now
beiieged by the King of Poland \ The firft attempt, of carrying
the place by furprize, mifcarried ; Thofe of Riga were either
over-awed by the Swedijh Garrifon, that commanded there, or
they apprehended, that the change of Mafters would not change
their condition, unlefs it were for the worfe ; So they made a
greater ftand, than was expefted ; and in a Siege of above eight
months, Very Httle progrefs was made: The firmnefs of that
place, made the reft of Livonia continue fixt to the Swedes ;
The Saxons made great wafte in the Country, and ruined the
Trade of Riga : The King of Sweden, being obliged to imploy
his main Force elfewhere, was not able to fend them any confi-
derable afllftance : The Eledtor oi Brandenburgh lay quiet, with-
out making any attempt : So did the Princes of Heffe and Wol-
fembuttle ; The two fcenes of Adion were in Holjlein, and be-
fore Copenhagen. The King of Denmark found the takin'r the
Forts, that had been raifed by the Duke of Holjlein, an eafy
work ; they were foon carried and demolifhed ; He befieged
Toninghen next, which held him longer. Upon the Swedes de-
mand of the Auxiliary Fleets, that were ftipulated, both by
the King and the States, Orders were given for equipping them
here, and likewife in Holland \ The King was not willing to
communicate this defign to the two Houfes, and try if the Houfe
of Commons would take upon themfelves the Expence of the
Fleet 5 They were in fo bad a humour, that the King appre-
hended, that fome of them might endeavour to put an affront
upon him, and oppofe the fending a Fleet into the Sound : Tho'
others advifed the venturing on this, for no Nation can fubfift
without AlHances facredly obferved ; And this was an ancient
one, lately renewed by the King; fo that an oppoiition in fuch
a point, muft have turned to the prejudice of thofe who fhould
move it. Soon after the Seflion, a Fleet of thirty Ships Englijb
and Dutch, was fent to the Baltick, commanded by Rook ;
The Danes had a good Fleet at Sea, much fuperior to the
Swedes, and almoft equal to the Fleet fent from hence ; But it
was their whole ftrength, fo they would not run the hazard of
lofing it ; They kept at Sea for fome time, having got between
the Swedes and the Fleet of their Allies, and ftudied to hinder their
conjundion ; When they faw that could not be done, they re-
tired.

244 ^^ ^ ^ s T all Y of the Reign

1700 tired, and fecured themfelves within the Port of Ccpenhagcn-
^^-^i^^y""'^ which is a very ftrong one : The Swedes., with their Allies,
came before that Town and bombarded it for fome, days, but
with Httle damage to the Place, and none to the Fleet. The
Dukes of Liunetiburgh., together with the Forces, that the Swede:
had at Bremen, pafTed the Elbe, and marched to the afHftance
of the Duke of Holftein : This obliged the Danes, to raife the
Siege of Toninghen, and the two Armies lay in view of. one
another, for fome weeks, without coming to any Adion : Ano-
ther defign of the Danes did alfo mifcarry. A Body o£ Saxons
broke into the Territories of the Duke of Brunfwic'k, in hopes
to force their Army to come back, to the defence of their
own Country : But the Duke of Zell had left things in fo good
order, that the Saxons were beat back, and all the booty that
they had taken, was recovered,
f^^*^^ onl In the mean time, the King offered his Mediation, and
mark and a Treaty was let on foot : The two young Kings were fo much
■.ve en. {]-jarpned againft one another, that it was not eafy to bring
them, to hearken to terms of Peace. The King of Denmark
propofed, that the King of Poland might be included in
the Treaty, but the Swedes refufed it : And the King was not
Guarantee of the Treaties between Sweden and Poland, fo he
was not obliged to take care of the King of Poland : The
Treaty went on but flowly, this made the King of Sweden ap-
prehend, that he fhould lole the Seafon, and be forced to aban-
don Riga, which began to be ftraitned : So, to quicken the
Treaty, he refolved on a Defcent in Zealand. This was execut-
ed, without any oppofition, the King of Sweden conducing it
in perfon, and being the firft that landed: He fhewed fuch
fpirit and courage in his whole Condudt, as raifed his Charafter
very high : It ftruek a terror thro' all Denmark : For now the
Swedes refolved to beliege Copenhagen. This did fo quicken
the Treaty, that by the middle of Augufi it was brought to a
full end : old Treaties were renewed, and a liberty of fortifying
was referved for Holjiein, under fome Hmitations : and the King
of Denmark pay'd the Duke of Holjiein two hundred and fixty
thoufand rix-dollars for the charge of the War. The Peace
beins thus made, the Swedes retired back to Schonen : and the
Fleets of England and Holland returned home. The King's
Condu6t, in this whole matter, wa's highly applauded ; he ef-
fedually protedted the Swedes, and yet obliged them to accept
of reafonable terms of Peace : The King of Denmark fuffered
moft in honour and intereft : It was a great happinefs, that
this War was fo foon at an endj for if it had continued, all the
^ North

of King WillTAm IIL 24f

North muft have engaged in it, and there the chief ftrength of 1700
the Proteftant Rehgion lay: fo that Intereft muft have fuf- 'w^^'^/''"'>J
fcred much, which fide foevcr had come by the worft, in the
progrefs of the War : and it is already fo weak, that it needed
not a new diminution.

The fccret oi the Partition Treaty was now publiilied ; and Onfuf""'
the Projed was to be oilered jointly, by the Minifters of France^ plrthioa
England and the States^ to all the Princes of Europe^ but par- '^'^''^'y-
ticularly to thofc, who were moft concerned in it ; and an An*-
fwer was to be demanded, by a day limited for it. The Empe*
ror refufed to declare himfelf, till he knew the King of Spain s
mind concerning it: The Duke of Savoy ^ and the Prinres of
Italy J were very apprehenfive of the neighbourhood of Fra7Ke :
The Pope was extreme old, and declined very f^ft. The Treaty
was varioufly cenfured : Some thought it would deliver up the
Mediterranean Sea, and all our Trade there, into the hands of
France : Others thought, that the Treaties of Princes were
(according to the pattern, that the Court of France had fet now
for almoft half an age) only artifices to bring matters to a pre-
fent quiet, and that they would be afterwards obferved, as Prin-
ces found their account in them. The prefcnt good Undcr-
ftanding, that was between our Court and the Court of France^
made, that the Party of our Malecontents at home, having no
fupport from thence, funk much in their heat, and they had
now no profpedt ; for it feemed, as if the King of France had
fet his heart on the Partition Treaty, and it was neceflary for
him, in order to the obtaining his ends in it, to live in a good
Correfpondence with Engla7id and che States : All our ho|>es
were, that the King of Spain might yet live a few years longer,'
till the great Mortgages, that were on the Revenue, might be
cleared, and then it would be more eafy for us, to engage in a
new War, and to be the Arbiters of Europe.

But while we were under the apprehenfion of his death, we The Death
were furprized by an unlooked for and fudden death of our liG/ocejIen
young Prince at home, which brought a great change on the
face of affairs. I had been trufted with his education now for
two years ; and he had made an amazing progrefs ; I had read
over the Pfalms^ Proverbs, and Gofpels with him, and had
explained things, that fell in my way, very copioufly ; and was
often furprized, with the Queftions that he put me, and the
Reflexions that he made ; he came to underftand things, relat-
ing to Religion, beyond imagination ; I went thro' Geography
fo of^eri with him, that he knew all the Maps very particular-
ly ; Fexplained to hin\ the forms of Government in every Coun-

Vo L. 11. R r r try,

246 The History of the Reign

1700 trv, with the Interefts and Trade of that Country, and what
^-^^"V^^yJ was both good and bad in it : I acquainted him, with all the
great Revolutions, that had been in the world, and gave him
a copious account of the Greek and Roman Hiftories, and of
Piutarch\ Lives ; The laft thing I explained to him was the
Gothick Conftitution, and the Beneficiary and Feudal Laws:
I talked of thefe things at different times, near three hours a
day : This was both eafy and delighting to him. The King
ordered five of his chief Minifters, to come once a quar-
ter, and examine the progrefs he made : They feemed amazed
both at his knowledge, and the good underftanding that appear-
ed in him : He had a wonderfiil memory, and a very good judg-
ment. He had gone thro' much weaknefs, and fome years of
ill health : The Princefs was with Child of him, during all the
Diforder we were in at the Revolution, tho' (he did not know
it herfelf at the time, when fhe left the Court : This probably
had given him fo weak a Conftitution, but we hoped the dan-
gerous time was over : His Birth-day was the 2/^th of July,
and he was then eleven years old : He complained a little the
next day, but we imputed that to the fatigues of a Birth- day ;
So that he was too much negledted ; The day after, he grew
much worfe, and it proved to be a Malignant Fever ; He died
the fourth day of his illnefs, to the great grief of all who were con-
cerned in him. He was the only remaining Child, of feventeen
that the Princefs had born, fome to the full time and the reft
before it. She attended on him, during his ficknefs, with great
tendernefs, but with a grave compofednefs, that amazed all who
faw it : She bore his death with a Refignation and Piety that
were indeed very fingular. His death gave a great alarm to
the whole Nation : The Jacobites grew infolent upon it and
faid, now the chief difficulty was removed out of the way of
the Prince of Wales\ Succeffion. Soon after this, the Houfe of
Brunfwick returned the Vifit, that the King had made them
laft year, and the eyes of all the Proteftants in the Nation turn-
ed towards the Ele£l:orefs of Brunfwick ; who was Daughter to
the Queen of Bohemia^ and was the next Proteftant Heir, all
Papifts being already excluded from the Succeffion. Thus^ of
the four Lives that we had in view, as our chief fecurity, the
two that we depended moft on, the Queen and the Duke of
Glocefier were carried off on the fudden, before we were aware
of it, and of the two that remain'd (the King and the Prin-
cefs) as there was no iffue, and little hopes of any by either
of them, fo the King, who at beft was a man of a feeble Con-
ftitution, was now falling under an ill habit of body: His L^

were

of King William IIB^ 247

were much fvvelled, which fome thought was the beginning of 1 700
a Dropfy, whi It others thought it was only a fcorbutick Dif- ^-'^''V'*^
temper.

Thus God was giving us great alarms, as well as many mer- The temper
cies : He bears long with us, but we are become very corrupt *!* ^^^ ^*'
in all refpeds ; Sb that the ftate of things among us gives a
melancholy profpeft. The Nation was failing under a general
dilcontent, and a diflike of the King's perfon and government ;
And the King, on his part, feemed to grow weary of us and
bf our affairs ; and partly by the fret, from the oppolition he
had of late met with, partly from his ill health, he was falling
as it were into a lethargy of mind ; We were, upon the mat-
ter, become already more than half a Commonwealth ; fincc
the Government was plainly in the hands of the Houfe of Com-
mons, who muft fit once a year, and as long as they thought
fit, while the King had only the Civil Lift for Life, fo that
the whole Adminiftration of the Government was under their
infpedlion : The Aift for Triennial Parliaments kept up a ftand-
ing fadion in every County and Town of E?igland : But tho'
ive were falling infenfibly into a Democracy, we had not learn-
ed the virtues, that are ncceffary for that fort of Government ;
Luxury, Vanity, and Ambition increafed daily, and our animofities
were come to a great height, and gave us difmal apprehenfions.
Few among us feem'd to ha.ve a right notion of the love of
their Country, and of a zeal for the good of the Publick : The
Houfe of Com^nons, how much foever its power was advanced,
yet was much funk in its credit; very little of gravity, order, or
common decency appeared among them : The balance lay
chiefly in the Houle of Lords, who had no natural ftrength to
refift the Commons : The Toleration, of all the feds among us,
had made us live more quietly together of late, than could be
expcfted, when fevere Laws were rigoroufly executed againft
Diffenters. No tumults or diforders had been heard of in any
part of the Kingdom, thefe eleven years, fince that Adl pafTed :
and yet the much greater part of the Clergy ftudied to blow
up this fire again, which feemed to be now, as it were covered
over with afhes.

The Diffenters behaved themfelves more quietly, with relation Divifioss
to the Church, they having quarrels and difputes among them- 3"'"":
felves : The Independents were raifing the old ji^ntinomian Te-
nets, as if men, by believing in Chrift, were fo united to him,
that his righteoufnefs became theirs, without any other condi-
tion, befides that of tlieir Faith : So that, tho' they acknow-
ledged the obedience of his Laws to be neceffary, they did not

call

g the
(Tenrers.

248 The History of the Reign

1700 call it a condition, but only a confequence of juftification. In
L.<?==^/'^=^ this, they were oppofed by moft of the Presbyterians, who
feemed to be fenfible, that this ftruck at the root of all Religion,
as it weaken'd the obligation to a holy life : This year had pro-
duced a new extravagance in that matter. One Afgil^ a Member
of Parliament, had publifhed a Book, grounded on their notions,
on which he had grafted a new and wild inference of his own,
that lince true Believers recover'd in Chrift all that they loft in
Adam^ and our natural death was the effeft of Adams Sin, he
inferr'd that Believers were render'd immortal by Chrift, and
not liable to death : And that thofe who believed, with a true
and firm Faith, could not die. This was a ftrain beyond all
that ever went before it, and fince we fee that all men die,
the natural confequence that refulted from this was, that there
neither are nor ever were any true Believers. The Presbyte-
rians had been alfo engaged in difputes with the Anabaptifts.
They complain'd, that they faw too great a giddinefs in their
people, and feemed fo fenfible of this, and fo defirous to be
brought into the Church, that a few inconfiderable Conceflions
would very probably have brought the bulk of them into our
Communion : But the greater part df the Clergy were fo far
from any difpofition this way, that they feem to be more preju-
diced againft them than ever.
And among The Quakcrs have had a great breach made among them,
the Quakers, ^^y quc George Keith ^ a Scotchman^ with whom I had my firft
education at Aberdeen ; He had been thirty fix years among
them ; He was efteemed the moft learned man, that ever was
in that feft ; He was well verfed both in the Oriental Tongues,
in Philofophy and Mathematicks ; After he had been above
thirty years in high efteem among them ; He was fent to Pen-
Jilvania (a Colony fet up by Pen^ where they are very nume-
rous) to have the chief diredion of the education of their youth.
In thofe parts, he faid, he firft difcovered that, which had been
always either denied to him, or fo difguifed that he did not
fufpedl it ; But being far out of reach, and in a place where
they were Mafters, they fpoke out their mind plainer ; and it ap-
peared to him, that they were Dcifts, and that they turned the
whole Dodrine of the Chriftian Religion into Allegories ; chief-
ly thofe, which relate to the Death and Refurredion of Chrift,
and the reconciliation of Sinners to God, by virtue of his Crofs :
He being a true Chriftian, fet himfelf with great zeal againft
this, upon which they grew weary of him, and fent him back
to England. At his return, he fet himfelf to read many of
their Books, and then he difcovered the Myftery, which was
formerly fo hid from him, that he had not obferved it : Upon

this.

C hutch.

of King William III. 249^

this, he opened a new meeting, and by a printed Summons he J 700
called the whole Party, to come and fee the. Proof, that he ^-^^^"^^/"'^
had to offer, to convince them of thcfe errors : Few Quakers
came to his Meetings, but great multitudes of other People ilockt
about him : He brought the Quakers Cooks with him, and read
fuch paffages out of them, as convinced his hearers, that he had
not charged them falfly : He continued thele Meetings, being
ftill in outward appearance a Quaker, for fbme years ; till hav-
ing prevailed, as far as he faw any probability of fuccefs, he
laid afide their exterior, and was reconciled to the Church,
and is now in Holy Orders among us, and likely to do good
fervice, in undeceiving and reclaiming fome of thofe milled
Enthufiafls.

The Clergy continued to be much divided: All mode-r ^ jiviCoo
rate Divines were looked upon by fome hot men, with an ill'" '*>«
eye, as perfons who were cold and indifferent jn the mat-
ters of the Church: That which flowed from a gentTenefs,
both of temper and principle, was reprefented, as an incli-
nation to favour Di/Tcnters, which paffed among many, for
a more heinous thing than leaning to Popery itfelf. Thofe
men, who began now to be called tlie High Church Party,
had all along expreffed a coldnefs, if not an oppofition to the
prefent Settlement ; Soon after the Revolution, fome great Pre-
ferments had been given among them, to try if it was pofli-
ble to bring them, to be h'earty for the Government; but it
appearing, that they were foured with a leaven, that had gonie
too deep to be wrought out, a flop was put to the courting them
any more ; When they faw Preferments went in another Chan-
nel, they fet up a complaint over England of the want of Con-
vocations, they that were not allov^^ed to fit nor a£l with a free
liberty, to confider of the grievances of the Clergy, and of the
danger the Church was in. This was a new pretenfion, never ^
thought of fince the Reformation ; Some Books were writ
to juflify it, with great acrimony of flile, and a flrain of in-
folence, that was peculiar to one Atterhury^ who had indeed
very good parts, great learning, and was an excellent Preacher^
and had many extraordinary things in him ; but was both am-
bitious and virulent out of meafure ; And had a fingular ta-
lent in aflerting Paradoxes with a great air of affurance, fhewing
no fhame when he was deteded in them, tho' this was done in
many inflances : But he let all tliefe pafs, without either con-
feffmg his errors, or pretending to juflify himfelf : he went on^
ftill venting new falihoods in fo barefaced a manner, that he
feemed to have outdone the Jefuits themfelves. He thought
Vol. It. S s s tlie

2JQ The History of the Reign

1700 the Government had fo little ftrength or credit, that any claim
^^^^'"'^ againft it would be well received ; he^ attack'd the Supremacy
of the Crown, with relation to Ecclefiaftical matters, which had
been hitherto maintained by all our Divines with great zeal ;
But now the hot men of the Clergy did fo readily entertain his
Notions, that in them it appeared, that thofe who are the moft
earneft in the defence of certain points, when thefe feem to be
for them, can very nimbly change their minds upon a cKange
of circumftances.
Debates con- ^j^ eminent inftance of this had appeared in the Houfe of
Bifliop of Lords, in the former Sellion ; Where the deprived Bifliop of
6t.2)^w^'s. gj.^ J) avid: % complained of the Archbifliop of Canterbury ; Firft,
For breach of Privilege, fince Sentence was paft upon him,
tho' he had in Court claimed Privilege of Parliament, to which
no regard had been paid : But as he had waved his Privilege
in the Houfe of Lords, it was carried, after a long Debate
and by no great Majority, that in that cafe, he could not re-
fume his Privilege. He excepted next to the Archbifhop's Jurif-
didion, and pretended that he could not judge a Biiliop, but
in a Synod of the Bifhops of the Province, according to the
Rules of the Primitive Times : In oppofition to this it was fhewn,
that from the ninth and tenth Century downward, both
Popes and Kings had concurred to bring this Power fingly in-
to the hands ot the Metropolitans ; That this was the conflant
pradice in England before the Reformation ; that by the pro-
vifional Claufe, in the Ad paft in the twenty fifth of Henry
the Eighth, that empowered thirty two perfons to draw a new
Body of Church Laws, all former Laws or Cuftoms were to
continue in force, till that new Body was prepared : So tliat the
Power, the Metropolitan then was pofTeffed of, flood confirmed
by that Claufe : It is true, during the High CommifTion, all
Proceedings againft Bifhops were brought before that Court,
which proceeded in a Summary way, and againft whofe Sen-
tence no Appeal lay ; But after that Court was taken away, a
full Declaration was made, by an Aft of Parliament, for conti-
nuing the Power that was lodged with the Metropolitan. It was
alfo urged, that if the Bifhop had any exception to die Arch-
bifhop's Jurifdidion, that ought to have been pleaded in the
firft inftance, and not referved to the conclufion of all : Nor
could the Archbifliop ered a new Court, or proceed in the
Trial of a Bifhop in any other way, than in that, which was
warranted by Law or Precedent. To all this no anfwer was
made, but the bufinels was kept up, and put off by many de-
lays ; Jt was faid, the thing was new, and the Houfe was not

yet

of King William IIL i^\

yet well apprized of it ; and the laft time, in which the Debate 1700
was taken up in the Houfe, it ended in an intimation, that it uj^^v^'^vJ
was hoped the King would not fill that See, till the Houfe fhould
be better fatishcd, in the point of the Archbifhop's Authority : So
the Biflioprick was not difpofed of for fome years 1 And this un-
certainty put a great delay to the Procefs againft the other ll^elch
Bifliop, accufed of the fame Crime.

In OEiober die Pope died ; and at the fame time, all FM7'ope The death
was alarmed with the defperate ftate of the King of Spams °f [^Lfj''"
health ; when the news came to the Court of FrancSy that
he was in the laft Agony, the Earl of Ma-nchejier^ who was
then our Ambaflador in that Court, told me, that Mr. Tor-
cjy the French Secretary of State, was fent to him by the King
of France, deliring him to let the King bis Mafter know the
News, and to fignify to him, that the French King hoped, that
he would put things in a readinefs, to execute the Treaty, in
cafe any oppofition fKould be made to it ; And in his whole
difcourfe, he exprefled a fixed Refolution in the French Councils
to adhere to it : A ^^w days after that, the news came of his
Death and of his Will, declaring the Duke of Anjou the Uni-
verfal Heir of the whole Spaniflj Monarchy : It is not yet cer-
tainly known, by what means this was brought about, nor how
the King of Spain was drawn to confent to it, or whether it
was a meer forgery, made by Cardinal Portocarrero and fome of
the Grandees, who partly by practice and corruption, and partly
for fifety and that their Monarchy might be kept entire (they
imagining that the Power of France was far fuperior to all, that
the Houfe of Aujiria would be able to engage in its interefts)
liad been prevailed oil to prepare and publifh this Will ; and,
to make it more accepft^able to the Spaniards, among other For-
feitures of the Crown, not only the SuccefTor's departing from,
what they call the Catholick Faith, but even his not maintain-
ing the immaculate Conception of the Virgin, was One.

As foon as the news came to Rome, it quickned the Intrigues element the
of the Conclave, fo they fet up Albano, a. man of fifty two Eleventh
years of age, who beyond all mens expedtation was chofen Pope, " ^
and took the name of Clement the Eleventh: He had little
pradice in affairs, but was very learned ; And in fo critical a.
time, it feems, a Pope of Courage and Spirit, not funk with
age into covetoufnefs or peevifiinefs, wa's thought the fitteft Per-
fon for that See. France had fent no exclufion to bar him,
not imagining that he could be thought on : At firfl they did
not fcem pleafed with the choice, but it was too late to oppofe
it : So they refolved to gain him to their interefts, in which

they

2 y 2 The History of the Reign

1700 they have fucceeded beyond what they then hoped for. When
^K,/^"^':^ the Court of France had notice fent them of the late King of
Spain s Will, real or pretended, they feemed to be at a ftand
'• for fome days; And the Letters wrote from the Secretary's Of-

fice, gave it out for certain, that the King would ftick to the
Partition Treaty: Madam de Maintenon had an unjlpeakable
fondnefs for the Duke of Anjou : So fhe prevailed with the
^ Dauphin to accept of the Will, and fet afide the Treaty ; *She

alfo engaged Pontchartrain to fecond this.
The King They being thus prepared ; when the news of the King of
^yji'^'fj"^^! .<S'/'^/Vs Death came to Fontainebleau^ where the Court, was at
cepted. that time ; Mr. Spanheim, who was then there as Arnbaflador
^pf Prujftaj told me, that a Cabinet Council was called, within
5two hours after the news came ; It met in Madam de Mainte-
non^ Lodgings, and fate about four hours : Pontchartrain was
for accepting the Will, and the reft of the Miniftry were for
adhering to the Treaty ; But the Dauphin joined, for accepting
the Will, with an air of pofitivenefs, that he had never alfum-
ed before ; So it was believed to be done by concert with the
King, who was referved and feemed more enclined to the Trea-
ty : In conclufion. Madam Maintejion faid, what had the Duke
of Anjou done, to provoke the King, to barr him of his Right
to that Succeflion ? And upon this, all fubmitted to the Dau-
phins opinion, and the King feemed overcome with their reafons.
The Duke This was on Munday \ But tho' the matter was refolved on,
ck5 Kfng yet it was not publifhed till Thurfday ; For then, at the King's
oi sjiain. Lcvcc, he declared, that he accepted of the Will, and the Duke
of Anjou was now treated as King of Spain. Notice of this
being fent to Spain^ an AmbafTador came in form, to fignify
the Will, and to defire that their King might go and live among
them ; Upon which he was fent thither, accompanied by his
two Brothers, who went with him to the Frontiers of Spain.
When the Court of France publifhed this Refolution, and {^r±
it to all the Courts of Europe^ they added a moft infamous
excufe, for this notorious breach of Faith : They faid, the King
of France confidered chiefly what was the main defign of the
Treaty, which was to maintain the Peace of Europe ; and there-
fore to purfue this, he departed from the words of the Treaty,
but he adhered to the Spirit and the chief intent of it. This
feemed to be an equivocation of lb grofs a nature, that it look-
ed like tlie invention of a Jefuit Confeffor, adding impudence
to Perjury. The King and the States- were ftruck with this:
The King was full of indignation, to find himfelf fo much
abufed ; So he came over to Engla?7d, to fee what was to be

dor^

of King William IIL * 25-3

done upon fo great an emergency. Tlie Spaniards^ feeing tliem- 1 700
(elves threaten'd with a War from tlie Eiuperor, and apprehend- ^-^^/'^J
ing that the Empire, together with England and the United
Provinces, might be engaged to joui rin the War, and being
unable to defend themfelves, delivered all into the hands of
France ; And upon that, both the SpanifJj N ether lajids and
the Dutchy of Milan received French Garrifons : The French
Fleet came to Cadiz \ A Squadron was alio fent to the Wcjl-
Indies ; So that the whole SpaniJJj Empire fell now, without a
ftroke of the Sword, into the French Power. All this was the
more formidable, becaufe the Duke of Burgundy had then no
Children, and by this means, the King of Spain was in time
likely to fucceed to the Crown of France ; And thus the World
faw the appearance of a new Univerfal Monarchy, like to arife
out of this cc»njund:ion.

It might have been expe<9:ed that, when fuch a new unlook- \ new Tar-
ed for Scene was opened, the King fliould have J oft no time-'i''"'*^"' j
in brii^ging liis Parliament together, as foon as poffible ; It
was prorogued to the 20th of November^ and the King had
fent Orders from Holland^ to fignify his Refolution for their
Meeting on that day ; But the Minifters, whom he was then
bringing into his bulinefs, had other views: Tliey thought they
were not fure of a Majority in Parliament for their purpofes, fo
they prevailed with the King to difiblve tlie Parliament, and
after a fet of SheriflTs were pricked, fit for the turn, a new Par-
liament was fummoned, to meet on the fixth day of February.,
but it was not opened till the tenth.

And now I am come to the end of this Century, in which The end of
there was a black appearance of a new and difmal fcene ; ^^^"^ Century.
France was now in poflefTion of a great Empire, for a fmall
part of which they had been in Wars (broke off indeed in fomc
intervals) for above two hundred years ; while we in England,
who were to prote6l and defend the reft, were, by wretched
fadions and violent animoftties, running into a feeble and dif-
jointed ftate ; The King's cold and relerved manner, upon fo
high a provocation, made fome conclude, that he was in fccret
engagements with Fra?ice ; that he was refolved to own the
new King of Spain, and not to engage in a new War : This
leemed fo different from his own inclinations, and from all the
former parts of his Life, that it made many conclude, that he
found himfelf in an ill ftate of health, the fweliing of his Legs
being much encreafed, and that this might have fuch effedls on
his mind, as to make him lefs warm and adive, lels difpofed
to involve himfelf in new troubles ; and that he might think

Vol. IL Ttt; / it

nilhy.

2J4 The History <9^ the Reign

1700 it too inconfiderate a thing to enter on a new War, that was
^.^'^'^^/''''^ not Hke to end foon, when he felt himfelf in a dedining ftate
of health : But the true fecret, of this unaccountable behaviour
in the King, was foon difcovered.
A new Mi. The Earl of Rochejier was now fet at the head of his bufi-
nefs, and was to bring the Tories into his Service : They had
continued, from his firfb accefTion to the Throne, in a con-
ftant oppoHtion to his interefts ; Many of them were beUeved
to be Jacobites in their hearts, and they were generally much
againft the Toleration, and violent enemies to the Difienters :
I'hey had been backward in every thing, that was neceflary for
carrying on the former War; they had oppofed Taxes as much as
they could, and were againft all fuch, as were eafily levied and
lefs fenfibly felt by the people ; and were always for thofe, that
were moft grievous to the Nation, hoping that by thofe heavy
burthens, the people would grow weary of the War and of the Go-
vernment ; On the contrary the Whigs, by fupporting both, were
become lefs acceptable to the Nation : In Eledtions their Intereffc
was much llink ; every new Parliament was a new diicovery,
that they were become leis popular, and the others, who were
always oppofing and complaining, were now cried up as the
Patriots. In the three laft Seffions, the Whigs had fhewed
fuch a readinels to give the King more force, together with a
management to preferve the Grants of Ireland, that tliey were
publickly charged as Betrayers of their Country, and as men
that were for trufting the King with an Army; in a word,
they were accufed of too ready a compliance with the humours
and interefts of Courts and Favourites, fo they were generally
cenfured and decried : And now ftnce they had not fucceeded to
the King's mind, fome about him pofleflcd him with this, that
either they would not, or could not ferve him. In fome of
them indeed, their Principles lay againft thofe things, whereas
the Tories Principles did naturally lead them to make the Crown
great and powerful : It was alfo faid, that the great oppofition
made, to every thing the King defired, and the difficulties
that had been of late put upon him, flowed chiefly from the
hatred born to thofe, who were imployed by him, and who had
brought in their friends and creatures into the beft Pofts ; And
they were now ftudying, to recover their loft popularity ; which
would make them cold, if not backward in complying with
what the King might defire for the future ; The Whigs did alio
begin to complain of the King's Condud:, of his minding Af-
fairs fo little, of his being fo much out of the Kingdom, and
of his ill choice of Favourites; and they imputed the late

mif-

of King William III* 3^;^

mifcarriages to errors in conduft, which they could neither pre- 1700
vent nor redrefs : The Favourites, who tliought of nothing but '-^"^v^^
to continue in favour, and to be ftill fafe and fecure in theif
credit, concurred to prefs the King to take other meafures, and
to turn to another fet of men, who would be no longer his
enemies, if they had fome of the beft Places fhared among
them : And tho' this method had been almoft fatal, when the
King had followed it, foon after his firft Accefllon to the Crown,
yet there feemed to be lefs danger in trying it now, than was
formerly. We were in full Peace : And it was commonly faid,
that no body thought any more of King jfames^ and therefore
it was fit, for the King's Service, to encourage all his people
to come into his interefts, by letting them fee how foon he
could forget all that was paft. Thefe confiderations had fb far
prevailed with him, that before he went out of England^ he
had engaged himfelf fecretly to them : It is true, the Death,
firft of the Duke of Glocefter^ and now of the King of Spain^
had very much changed the face of afi^airs, both at home and
abroad ; yet the King would not break off^ from his engage-
ments.

Soon after his return to England, the Earl of Rochefier was
declared Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and he had the chief di-
redion of affairs ; And, that the moft eminent man of the
Whigs might not oppofe them in the new Parliament, they got
Mr. Mountague to be made a Baron, who took the Title of
Halifax, which was funk by the death of that Marquifs, with-
out iflue Male. The man, on whofe management of the Houfe
of Commons, this new Set depended, was Mr. Harley, the Heir
of a Family, which had been hitherto the moft eminent of
the Presbyterian Party ; his Education was in that way : But
he, not being confidered at the Revolution, as he thought he
deferved, had fet himfelf to oppofe the Court in every thing,
and to find fault with the whole Adminiftration ; he had the
chief hand, both in the reduction of the Army, and in tlie
matter of the Irijh Grants ; The High Party trufted him, tho'
he ftill kept up an intereft among the Presbyterians ; and he
had fo particular a dexterity, that he made both the High
Church Party and the Diflenters depend upon him ; fb it was
agreed that he fhould be Speaker. All this while, the new
Minifters talked of nothing but Negotiations, and gave it
out, that the King of France was ready to give all the (ecurity
that could be defired, for maintaining the Peace of Europe.
At this time, the Emperor fent over to England a Minifter, to
fet forth his Title to the Spafiijh Monarchy, fettled on his

Houfe

2 J 6 The History of the Reign

1700 Houle by antient Entails, often repeated, and now devolving
u?='v"^^' on him by an undoubted Right, fince by the Renunciation made
by the late Queen of France, (as was ftipulated by the Treaty
of the Pyrenees^ and then made by her in due form) this could
not be called in queftion. Our new Minifters were fcarce civil
to the Emperor's En\oy; and would riot enter into any Con-
fultations with him : But the Dutch, who were about the King,
^. and all the Foreign Minifters fpoke in another Stile ; they faid,

that nothing but a General Union of all the Powers in Europe,
could hinder the conjundion of the two Monarchies : So, by
what thofe, who talked often with the King, gave out, it came
to be foon known, that the King faw the neceiTity of a new
War, but that he kept himfelf in a great referve, that he might
manage his new Minifters and their Party, and fee if he could
engage them to concur with him.
The King But before I conclude the relation of this year, at which the
''[oHouf^" ' Century ends, I muft clofe it with an account of the King of
Campaign, Sijoedens, glorious Campaign : He made all the hafte he could
to relieve Livonia, where not only Riga was for fome months
befieged by the King of Poland, but Narva was alfo attackt
by the Czar, who hoped by taking it, to get an entrance into
the Baltick : The Czar came in Perfon againft it, with an Ar-
my of one hundred thpufand men : Narva was not provided
for a Siege : It had a fmall Garrifon, and had very poor Ma-
gazines, yet the Mufcovites attackt it fo feebly, that it held out
beyond all expedation, till the end of the year. Upon the
King of Sweden s landing at Revel, the Saxons drew oif from
Riga, after a long Siege at a vaft charge: This being done,
and Riga both opened and fupplied, that King marched next
to Narva ; The Czar, upon his March towards him^ left his
Army in fuch a manner, as made all people conclude, he had
no mind to hazard his Perfon ; The King marched thro' ways,
that were thought fo impradicable, that little care had been
taken to Secure them ; So he furprifed the Mufcovites, and broke
into their Camp, before they apprehended he was near them ;
he totally routed their Army, toc4?: many Prifoners, with all their
Artillery and Baggage, and fo made a glorious entry into Nar-
va. This is the nobleft Campaign that we find in any Hifto-
ry ; in which a King about eighteen years of age, led an Army
himfelf againft three Kings, who had confederated againft him,
and was fuccefsful in every one of his Attempts, giving great
marks, both of perfonal courage and good condud: in tliem all ;
and which is more extraordinary, an eminent meafure both of
Virtue and Piety appeared in his whole behaviour. In him,

the

was now in.

of King William IIL ij7

the World hoped to fee another Gujiavus Adolphus^ who con- 1700
quered, or rather pofleffed himfclf of Livonia^ in tlie fame year <-^<:^^>/^'^
df his age, in which this King did now fo glorionfly re-
cover it, when almoft loft by the Invafion of two powerful
Neighbours. Thei-e were great diforders at this time in L/-
thudniay occaftoncd by the Fadions there, which were fet on
dnd fomented by the King, who feemed to afpire to be the
Hereditary King of Poland. But as thefe things are at a great
diftance from us, fo fince ^^e have no publick. Minifter in thofe
parts, I cannot give an account of them, nor form a true judg-
ment thereupon. The Eighteenth Century began with a great
Scene, that opened with it.

The new King cH Spain wrote to all the Courts of Europey ^7°^ ^
giving notice of his AccefHon to that Crown, only he forgot Great ap-
England ; And it was publickly given out, that he had pro- Jpth^J"".*
miled the pretended Prince of Wales^ that in due time he ger Europe
Would take care of his interefts : The King and the States were
much alarmed, when they beheld the French pofTeffed of the
Spanijh Netherlands ; A great part of the Dutch Army lay
Icattered up and down in tnofe Garrifbns, more particularly in
Luxefnburghy Namur and Mons^ arid thele were now made
Prifoners of War : Neither Officers nor Soldiers could own the
King of Spain, for their Mafters had not yet done it : At this
time, the French prefled the States vety hard to declare them-
felves : A great Party ill ' the States were for owning him, at
leaft in form, till they could get their Troops again into their
own hands, according to Capitulation : Nor were they then, in
a condition to refift the imprefHon, that might have been made
upon them, from the Garrifons in the SpaniJJj Guelder, who
could have attack'd them before they were able to make head ;
So the States confented to own the King of Spain. That
being done, their Battalions were fent back, but they were
ill ufed, contrary to Capitulation, and the Soldiers were tempt-
ed to defert their Service, yet very few could be prevailed on
to do it.

As foon as our Parliament was opened, it appeared that the a Party for
French had a great Party in it ; It is certain, great Sums came -^'■"^'^^ '"
over this Winter from France, the Packet-boat came feldom
without 1 0000 Louis dOrsy it brought often more ; The Na-
tion was filled with them, and in fix months time, a Million of
Guineas were coined out of them ; The Merchants indeed faid,
that the ballance of Trade was then fo much turned to our fide,
that, whereas we were wont to carry over a Million of our

Vol. II, U u u Money

ment.

2 J 5 The ViistoKY of the Reign

1 701 Money in Specie, we then fent no money to France-, and had
^^-^'^'"'^^''^ at leaft half that Sum fent over to ballance the Trade : yet this
did not account for that vaft flood of French Gold, that was
vifible amongft us : And, upon the French Ambaffador's going
away, a very fenfible alteration was found in the Bills of Ex-
change 5 So it was concluded, that great remittances were
made to him, and that thefe were diftributed among thofe, who
refolved to merit a fhare in that Wealth, which came over now
fo copioufly, beyond the example of former times. The King,
in his Speech to the Parliament, in the mod effedual manner
pofTible, recommended the fettling the SuccefTion of the Crown,
in the Proteftant Line ; and with relation to Foreign aflairs, he
laid them before the Two Houfes, that they might offer him
1 -)"■ r fuch Advices, as the State of the Nation and her Alliances re-
quired : but he did not fo much as intimate to them his own
thoughts concerning them. A defign was laid, in the Houfe
of Commons, to open the Seflion with an Addrefs to the King,
that he would own the King of Spain \ The matter was fo far
concerted, that they had agreed on the words of the Vote, and
feemed not to doubt of the concurrence of the Houfe ; but Mr.
Monkton oppofed it with great hea(t, and among other things
laid, if that Vote was carried, he fhould exped that the next
Vote to be put, would be for owning the pretended Prince of
Wales : Upon this occafion it appeared, how much popular
Aflemblies are apt to be turned, by a thing boldly faid, tho' the
confequence is ever fo remote ; fince the connection of thefe two
points lay at fome diftance, yet the iflue of the Debate was quite
contrary to that which was deiigned : It ended in an Addrefs
to the ICing, to enter into new Alliances with the States, for
our mutual Defence, and for preferving the Liberty and Peace of
Europe ; Thefe laft words were not carried, without much dif-
ficulty : They were confidered, as they were indeed, an infinu-
ation towards a War.
Partiality in Upon the vicw of the Houfe, it appeared very evidently, that
lesfonf ^ ^^ Tories were a great Majority ; yet they, to make the mat-
ter fure, refolved to clear the Houfe of a great many, that
were engaged in another intereft : Reports were brought to
them of Elections, that had been Icandaloufly purchafed, by
ibme who were concerned in the new Eajl-India Company ;
inftead of Drinking and Entertainments, by which Eleftions
were formerly managed, now a moft fcandalous pradice was
brought in of buying Votes, with fo little decency, that the
Electors engaged themfelves by Subfcription, to chufe a blank
perfon, before they were trufted with the name cf their Candi-
date.

of King William IIL ay 9

date. The old Eajl-India Company had driven a courle of lyoi
Corruption within doors with fo little fhamc, that the new ^^^^"^T'***
Company intended to follow their example, but with this dif-
ference, that, whereas the former had bought the perfons who
were eleded, they refoived to buy Eledions. Sir Edward Sei-
inour^ who had dealt in this Corruption his whole life-time, and
whom the old Company was faid to have bought before, at a
very high price, brought before the Houfe of Commons tlie
difcovery of fome of the pradices of the New Company : The
examining into thefe took up many days ; In concluiion, the
matter was fo well proved, that feveral Eledtions were declared
void : and fome of the perfons fo chofen, were for fome time
kept in prifon ; after that they were expelled the Houfe. In
thefe proceedings, great partiality appeared ; for when in fome
cafes, Corruption was proved clearly, againft fome of the Tory
Party, and but doubtfully againft fome of the contrary fide,
that, which was voted Corruption in the latter, was called the
giving Alms in thofe of the former fort. Thus for fome weeks,
the Houfe feemed to have forgot all the Concerns of Europe^
and was wholly imployed in die weakening of one fide, and in
fortifying the other ; To make fome fhew of zeal for the
Publick fafety, they voted thirty thoufand Men for the Fleet ;
But they would allow no Marines, tho' they were told, that a
Fleet without thefe ^was only a good fecurity for our own De-
fence, but could have no influence on the Affairs of Europe^ ei-
ther to frighten or to encourage thofe abroad : Such a Fleet as
it could not offend, fb it was much too flrong, if it was intend-
ed only for a defence, and it looked like a needlefs wafling
the Trcafure of the Nation, to imploy fo much of it to fo little
purpofe, and only to make a fhew.

While the Houfe of Commons was going on, minding only The Parti-
Party matters, a defign was laid in the Houfe of Lords, to at- ^1°" ^J*'^
tack the Partition Treaty and fome of thofe, who were con- in the Houfe
cerned in it ; They begun with an Addrefs to the King, that °^ ^°'^*^*'
he would order all the Treaties made, fince the Peace of Ryf-
wick, to be laid before them. This was complied with (o flowly,
that they were not brought to the Houfe till the 26th of Fe-
bruary^ and no notice was taken of them, till the \oth of
March ; It foon appeared that this was done by a French di-
redlion. The Court oi France (perceiving that the Dutch were
alarmed at their neighbourhood, and were encreafing their
force, both by Sea and Land, and were calling upon their Al-
lies to furnifh their Quota's, which they were bound by Trea-
ties to fend to their defence) enter'd upon a Negotiation with

them

26o Th )iits^OKY of the Reigft

1 701 them at the Hague^ to try what would lay thefe fears. Itporl
(-^^^'v^"^ this, in the beginning of March^ the States^ in conjundioh
with Mr. Stanhope^ the EngJiJh Envoy at the Hague^ gave in
Memorials, in which they inlifted on the violation of the Pat-
tition Treaty, and particularly on the French poffefling them-
felves of the Spanijh Netherlands : They alfo delired, that the
Emperor might have juft fatisfa6lion in his pretenfions, and that
in the mean v/KAQiLuxemburgh., Namur^ Mons, and y^ei/j,
y might be put in their hands ; and 0Jie7id and Newport into the

hands of the Englijh., and both they and the Dutch might have
a free Tradej as before, to all the Spa?tiJ}j Dominions. The
French feeing thefe demands run fo high, and being refolvcd to
offer no other lecurity for the Peace of Europe^ but the renew-
ing the Treaty of Ryfwick^ fet all their Engines at work in
Englandy to involve us into fuch contentions at home, as fhoiild
both difable us, from taking any care of Foreign affairs, and
make the reft of Europe conclude, that nothing confiderabld
was to be expefted from England. Affoon as tlie news of
thofe Memorials could come to England-, the Marquifs of Nor-
manby and the reft of the Tories, took up the Debate concerning
the Partition Treaty : This they managed with great dexterity,
while the matter was as much negleded by the King, who
went that day to Hampton-Court^ where he ftay'd Ibme time ;
by this means, no diredions were given, and we were involved
in great difficulties, before the Court 'was aware of it : The
King either could not prevail with his new Minifters to excufe
the Treaty, if they would not juftify it ; or he negledled them
fo far, as not to fpeak to them at all about .it. Thofe, who
attack'd it, faid, they meant nothing in that but to offer the
King Advices for the future, to prevent fuch errors as had been
committed in that Treaty, both as to matter and form. They
blamed the giving fuch Territories to the Crown of France^
and the forfaking the Emperor ; They alfo complained of the
fecrecy, in which the Treaty was carried on, it not being com-
municated to the Englip Council or Miniftry, but privately
tranfaded by the Earls of Portland and J^rfey : They alfo blam-
ed the putting the Great Seal, firft to blank Powers, and then
to the Treaty itfelf, which the King's hew Minifters faid, was
unjuft in the contrivance, and ridiculous in the execution. To
all this, it was anfwered, that there not being a Force ready
and fufiicient to hinder the French from poffefling themfelves
of the Spanijh Monarchy, which they were prepared for, the
Emperor had deftred the King to enter into a Treaty of Par-
tition, and had confented to every Article of it, except that
. 1 . which

of King WiLLtAM ni:^ 261

which related to the Dutchy of Milan ; But the King, not think- 1701
ing that worth the engaging in a new War, had obtain'd an ex- t^''^^■■'''>J
change of it for the Dutchy of Lorrain : The Emj^eror did not
agree to this, yet he prefled the King not to break off the
Treaty, but to get the beft terms he could for him, and above
all things, he recommended fecrecy, that fo he might not lofe
his intereft in Spain^ by ieeming to confent to this Partition :
It is certain, that by our Conftitution, all Foreign Negotiations
were trufted entirely to the Crown ; that the King was under
no obligation by Law, to communicate fuch fecrets to his Coun-
cil, or to hear, much lefs was he obliged to follow their Ad-
vices : In particular it was faid, that the Keeper of the Great
Seal had no fort of authority, to deny the putting it, either to
Powers for a Treaty, or to any Treaty which the King fhould
agree to : The Law gives no direction in fuch matters, and he
could not refule to put the Great Seal to any thing, for which
he had an Order from the King, imlefs the matter was contrary
to Law, which had made no provifron in this cafe : They in-
fifted mod on the other fide, upon the concluding a Treaty of
this importance, without communicating it firft to the Privy
Council ; fo the firft day of the Debate ended with this.

The Earl of Portland apprehending that this might fall too hea- ^^fj^ j^^^^^
vy on him, got tJie King's leave to communicate the whole matter advifed
next day to the Houfe ; So he told them, that he had not concluded Tppofed'it.
the Treaty alone, but had, by tlie King's Order, acquainted fix of
his chief Minifters with it, who were the Earls of Pembroke and
Marlborough^ the Vifcount Lonfdalej the Lords Somers and Hali-^
fax^ and Secretary Vernon \ Upon which thofe Lords, being likewile
freed by the King from the Oath of Secrecy, told the Houfe, that
the Earl of Jerfey., having in the King's Name called them together,
the Treaty was read to them, and that they excepted to feve-
ral things in it, but they were told, that the King had carried
the matter as far as was pofiible, and that he could obtain no
better terms : So when they were told, that no alterations could
be made, but that every thing was fettled, they gave over in-
fifting on particulars ; they only advifed, that the King might
not engage himfelf in any thing, that would bring on a new
War, fince the Nation had been fo uneafy under the laft. This
was carried to the King, and a few days after that, he told
fome of them, that he was made acquainted with their excep-
tions, but how reafonable foever they were, he had driven the
matter as far as he could ; The Earl of Pembroke faid to the
Houfe of Lords, he had offered the King thofe Advices, that he
thought were moft for his fervice, and for the good of the

Vol. n. X X X Nation j

262 The History of the Reign

1 70 1 Nation; but that he did not think himfelf bound to give art
K-^r^"^^ account of that, to any other perfons ; He was not the man
ftruck at, fo there was nothing faid, either againft him, or the
Earls of Marlborough or Jerfey : Upon this, the Debate went
on ; Some faid, this was a mockery, to ask advice, when there was
no room for it : It was anfwered, the King had asked the ad-
vice of his Privy Council, and they had given it ; but that, fuch
was the Regal Prerogative, that it was ftill free to him to follow
it or not, as he faw caufe.
An AcWrefs In conclufion, the Houfe of Lords refolved to let out this
to the King ^}^ole matter, in an Addrefs to the King, complaining both of
the Partition Treaty, and of tke. method in which it had been,
carried on ; The Lord Wharton moved an addition to the Ad-
drefs, that, whereas the French King had broke that Treaty,
they fhould advife the King to treat no more with him, or rely
on his word without further fecurity : This was much oppofed,
by all thofe who were againft the engaging in a new War ;
They faid, all Motions of that kind ought to come from the
Houfe of Commons, who only could fupport fuch an Advice,
that did upon the matter engage us into a new War ; nor
would they lay any blame on the breaking of a Treaty, which
they were refolved to condemn : They alfo excepted to the
words further fecurity as ambiguous ; yet the Majority of the
Houfe agreed to it ; for there was fuch treachery in the French
Negotiations, that they could not be relied on, without a good
Guarantee, and the Pledge of fome ftrong places. It now plain-
ly appeared, that the defign was, to let on the Houfe of Com-
mons, to impeach fome of the Lords, who had been concern-
ed in the Partition Treaty, for it was moved to fend the Ad-
drefs to the Houfe of Commons, for their concurrence ; but
that was not carried. The King feemed to bear all this with
his ufual coldnefs : and the new Minifters continued ftill in his
confidence, but he laid the matter much to heart ; Now he
faw the error he had fallen into, by the change he had made
in the Miniftry : It was plain they refolved to govern him
in every thing, and not to be governed by him in any one
thing.

As foon as this was over, the Earl of ferfey did, by the King's
ftBtTora^ Order, bring to the Houfe of Lords the Memorials that had
the States, been given in at the Hague^ and then, by comparing Dates, it
was eafy to conjecture, why the Partition Treaty had been let
lie fo long on the Table, and it feemed as if it was taken up
at laft, only to blaft this Negotiation ; A French management
appearing very plainly in the whole fteps, that had been made.

The

of King William ill. ^ 163

The Houfe of Commons began, at the fame time, not only to 1701
complain of the Partition Treaty, but likewife of the demand u?'^/"'W
of OJiend and Newport^ nor would they fhew any concern for
the Emperor's pretenfions : The Dutch demanded the execu-
tion of the Treaty, that King Charles had made with them<
in the year 1677, by which England was bound to aflifl: them
with ten thoufand Men and twenty Ships of War, if they
were attack'd \ Some endeavoured, all that was pofTiblcj to put
this off for the prefent, pretending that they were not yet at-
tack'd : Others moved, that the pay of ten thoufand Men
might be given to them, with the twenty Ships, as a full equi-
valent to the Treaty ; yet they ^ipt liking this, it was in con-
clufion agreed to fend the ten thoufand Men : five thoufand of
thefe were to be drawn out of the Army in Ireland^ and five
thoufand of them were to be new levied ; but they took care,
that Ireland fliould not be provided with any new Forces in
their ftead, fo jealous were they of trufting the King with an
Army. The reprefentation fent over by the States, fetting forth
the danger they were in, and defiring the affiftance of Eng"
land, was penned with great fpirit, and in a very moving ftrain ;
The Houfe of Lords did, upon a Debate on that fubjedl, make
an Addrefs to the King, to enter into Leagues Oftenfive and
Defenfive, with the Emperor and other Princes and States^
who were interefted againft the conjun6lion of the Fr'ench and
Spanijh Monarchies ; But the Houfe of Commons could not,
upon this occafion, be carried further, than to advife the King
to enter into fuch Alliances, as (hould be neceflary, for our
common fecurity, and for the Peace of Europe. This coldneis
and uncertainty in our Councils, gave the French great advan-
tages in their Negotiations, both in Germany and in Portugal y
They tried the Courts of Italy, but without fuccefs ; only the
Duke of Ma7itua confented, that they {hould make a fhew,
as if they had furprized him, and fo force him to put Mantua
in their hands : The Pope and the Venetians would not declare
themfelves ; the Pope favoured the French, as the Venetians did
the Emperor ; who began the War with a pretenfion on the
Dutchy of Milan, as a Fief of tlie Empire that devolved on
him ; and he was making Magazines, bdth in Tirol and at
Trent : The French feemed to defpife all he could do, and did
not apprehend, that it was poflible for him to march an Army
into Italy; Both the King and the States preffed him to make
that attempt ; The Eledlor of Bavaria, and fome of the Circles,
had agreed to a Neutrality this year ; So there was no hope of
doing much upon the Rhine, and the French were making the

Italians

264 The HisrovLY of the Reign

in 01 Italians feel, what infolent Mafters they were Uke to prove;
U?'"v'*''W So a general uneafinefs among them, determined the Emperor, •
to fend an Army into Italy^ under the Command of Prince Eu-
gene : England was all this while very unwilhng to engage, yet
for fear we fhould at laft have feen our intereft fo clearly, that
we muft have fallen into it, thofe who were pradifed on to
embroil us, fo that we might not be in a condition to mind
Foreign Affairs, fet on foot a defign to impeach the former
Miniftry.
A defign to The handle, tliat brought this about, was given by the Earl
fwEer M?-*^ of Portland ; When he was excufing his own part in the Par-
niftry. tition Treaty, he faid, that having withdrawn himfelf from
bulinefs, and being at his Country Houfe in Holland^ the King
fent to him, defiring him to enter upon that Negotiation ; up-
on that, he wrote to Secretary Vernon^ to ask his advice and
tlie advice of his other Friends, whether it was fit for him to
meddle in that matter, finee his being by Birth a Foreigner,
feemed a juft excufe for not engaging in a thing of fuch confe-
quence ; To this Secretary Vernon anfwered, that all his friends
thought he was a very proper perfon, to be imployed in that
Treaty, fmce he had known the progrefs of all thofe Treaties,
and the perfons, who were imployed on that occafion ; and he
named the Lord Somers among thole, who had advifed this.
The Earl of Portland had miftaken this circumftance,. which
did not belong to the laft Partition Treaty, but to that of the
year before, in favour of the Prince Eledloral of Bavaria. The
Houfe of Commons, hearing of this, required Secretary Vernon
to lay before them that Letter, with his anfwer to it ; for the
Earl of Portland faid, that he had left all Papers, relating to
that matter, in Holland. Vernon faid, he had received no fuch
Letter in the year 1699 ; So that led them to enquire farther,
and they required him, to lay before them all the Letters he had,
relating to both Treaties : He faid, thofe were the King's Se-
crets, writ in confidence, by the perfons he imployed ; But in
fuch a cafe, a Houfe of Commons will not be put off" : a deni-
al rather raifes in them more earneftnefs, in following their
point ; It was faid, the King had difpenfed with the Oath of
Secrecy, when he ordered all matters to be laid before them,
and they would admit of no excufe. Vernon upon this went to
the King, and told him, fince thefe were his Secrets, he was
ready to expofe himfelf to the indignation of the Houfe, and
to refufe to fhew his Letters : But the King faid, his refufing to
do it would not only raife a ftorm againfl himfelf, from which
the King could not protedt him, but it would occafion an Ad-
2 drefa

of King William III. 26;

drefs to the King, to order him to lay every thing before the 1701
Houfe, which, in the ftate that things were in then, he could U?''V*''W
not deny : Vernon, upon thefe Orders given him, at two dif-
ferent times, carried all the Letters, and laid them before the
Houfe of Commons ; It appeared by thefe, that he had com-
municated the Treaty to the King's Minifters, who were in
Town, about the end o{ Atiguft 1698 ; That Lord Somers fac-
ing then at Tunbridge, he went to him ; and that he had com-
municated the Projeft, both to the Earl of Orford and the
Lord Halifax ; Several objedions were made by them to many
parts of the Treaty, which were mentioned in Vernon % Letters ;
but, if better terms could not be had, they thought it was better
to conclude the Treaty, than to leave the Spanijh Monarchy, to
be over-run by France, or to involve Europe in a new War ;
Lord Somers had alfo put the Seals to Blank Powers, for con-
cluding this Treaty. When all this was read, thofe, who were
fet on to blow up the flame, moved the Houfe to impeach
fbme of the Minifters, who had been concerned in this tranfac-
tion ; yet in this they proceded, with fb vifible a partiality,
that tho' the Earl of Jerfey had figned the Treaty, had been
Plenipotentiary at Ryfwick, Ambaffador in France, and Secreta-
ry of State, while the Partition Treaty was negotiating ; yet he,
having joined himfelf to the new Miniftry, was not queftioned
about it : The Party faid, he had been too eafily drawn into it,
but that he was not in the Secret, and had no fhare in the
Councils, that projedled it.

On the firft of April, the Houfe of Commons brought up a T^^y f^^
general Iirl^eachment of the Earl of Portland, for high Crimes
and Mifdemeanors ; but the chief deflgn was againft the Earl
of Orford, and the Lords Somers and Halifax. Their Ene-
mies tried again what ufe could be made of Kid'^ bufinefs, for
he was taken in our Northern Plantations in America, and
brought over : He was examined by the Houfe, but either he
could not lay a probable ftory together, or fome remnants of
honefty, raifed in him by the near profped of death, reftrained
him ; he accufed no perfon of having advifed or encouraged
his turning Pirate ; He had never talked alone with any of the
Lords, and never at all with Lord Somers : He faid, he had
no Orders from them, but to purfue his Voyage againft the
Pirates in Madagafcar -, All endeavours were ufed to perfuade
him to accufe the Lords ; he was afl'ured that if he did it, he
fhould be preferved ; and if he did it not, he fhould certainly
die for his Piracy ; yet this could not prevail on him to charge
them : So he, with fome of his Crew, were hanged, tliere ap-
VoL. n. Y y y pearing

mons.

266 The History of the Reign

1 701 pearing not fo much as a colour to faften any imputation on
^^cr-^/"'^ thofe Lords 5 yet their Enemies tried, what ufe could be made of
the Grant of all that Kid might recover from the Pirates, which
fome bold and ignorant Lawyers affirmed to be againft Law.
So this matter was for the fourth time debated in the Houfe of
Commons, and the behaviour of thofe Peers in it appeared
to be fo innocent, fo legal and in truth fo meritorious, that
it was again let fall. The infifting fo much on it, ferved to
convince all people, that the enemies of thefe Lords wanted not
inclinations, but only matter to charge them, iince they made
fo much ufe of this ; But fo partial was a great part of the
, Houfe, that the dropping this was carried only by a fmall
Majority : When one defign failed, another was fet up.
i.m^Somen ft ^vas pretended, that by Secretary Vernon^ Letters it was
the Hou?e clearly proved, that the Lord Somers had confented to the Par-
of Com- tition Treaty ; So a Debate coming on concerning that, Lord
Somers deiired that he might be admitted, to give an account
of his fhare in it, to the Houfe of Commons ; Some oppofi-
tion was made to this, but it had been always granted, fo it
could not be denied him ; He had obtained the King's leave, to
tell every thing 5 So that when he appeared before the Houfe,
he told them, the King had writ to him, that the ftate of the
King of Spain % health was defperate, and that he faw no way
to prevent a new War, but to accept of the proportion, the
French made for a Partition : The King fent him the Scheme of
this, and ordered him to communicate it to fome others, and to
give him both his own opinion and theirs concerning it, and to
fend him over Powers for a Treaty, but in the fecreteft manner
that was pofUble : Yet the King added, that, if he and his
other Minifters thought that a Treaty ought not to be made
upon fuch a Projeft, then the whole matter muft be let fall,
for he could not bring the French to better terms. Lord So-
mers upon this faid, that he thought it was the taking too
much upon himfelf, if he fhould have put a ftop to a Treaty
of fuch confequence ; If the King of Spain had died, before
it was finijQied, and the blame had been caft on him, for not
fending the neceflary Powers, becaufe he was not ordered to
do it, by a Warrant in full form, he could not have juftified
that, flnce the King's Letter was really a Warrant, and there-
fore he thought he was bound to fend the Powers that were
called for, which he had done. But at the fame time, he
wrote his own opinion very fully to the King, objeding to
many particulars, if there was room for it, and propoling f&-
veral things, which, as he thought, were for the good and in-

tereft

of King WiLLtAik^ in. %(>j

ttrt^ o^ England. Soon after the Powers were fent over by 1701
him, the Treaty was concluded, to which he put the Great '-<J^'V"'^
Seal, as he thought he was bound to do : In this, ds he was a
Privy Councellor, he had offered the King his beft advice, and
as he was Chancellor, he had executed his Office according to
his duty. As for putting the Seal to the Powers, he had done
it upon the King's Letter, which was a real Warrant, tho' not
a formal one : he had indeed defired, that a Warrant in due
form might be fent him for his own fccurity ; but he did not
think it became him, to endanger the Publick, only for want of .
a point of Form, in fo critical a time, where great difpatch was
requifite. He fpoke fo fully and fo clearly, that, upon his with-
drawing, it was believed, if the Queflion had been quickly put^
the whole matter had been foon at an end, and that the pro-
fecution would have been let fall : But his enemies drew out
the Debate to fuch a length, that the imprefTion, which his
Speech had made, was much worn out ; and the Houfe fitting
till it was pafl midnight, they at lafl carried it by a Majority *

of feven or eight to impeach him and the Earl of Orford and
the Lord Halifax^ of high Crimes and Mifdemeanors : The
general Impeachment was brought up the next day to the Lords
Bar.

The Commons were very fenfible, that thofe Impeachments Contrary
muft come to nothing, and that they had not a Majority in ^'f ,he Two
the Houfe of Lords, to judge in them, as they fhould dire<ft ; Houfes.
So they refolved on a fhorter way, to fix a fevere cenfure on the
Lords, whom they had thus impeached ; They voted an Addrefs
to the King, for excluding them from his Prefence and Coun-
cils for ever ; This had never gone along with an Impeachment
before ; The Houfe of Commons had indeed begun fuch a
pradice in King Charles the Second's time: When they difliked
a Minifler, but had not matter to ground an Impeachment on,
they had taken this method, of making an Addrefs againfl
him, but it was a new attempt, to come with an Addrefs af-
ter an Impeachment : This was punifhing before Trial, con-
trary to an indifpenfible Rule of Juflice, of not judging before
the Parties were heard : The Lords faw, that this made their
Judicature ridiculous, when, in the firfl inflance of an Accufa-
tion, application was made to the King for a Cenfure, and a
very fevere one ; fince few Mifdemeanors could deferve a har-
der Sentence. Upon thefe grounds, the Lords prevented the
Commons, and fent fome of their Body to the King, with an
Addrefs, praying him, that he would not proceed to any Cen-
fure of thefe Lords, till they had undergone their Trial. The

King

268 The History of the Reign

1 701 King received thefe Addrefles, fo contrary to one another, froni
U^'V"^ both Houfes, but made no anfwer to either of them ; imlefs the
letting the names of thefe Lords continue ftill in ' the Council
Books, might be taken as a refufing to grant what the Com-
mons had defired. They renewed their Addrefs, but had na
dired anfwer from the King ; This^ tho' a piece of commorr
juftice, was complained of, and it was faid, that thefe Lords
had ftill great credit with the King ; The Commons had, for
forms fake, ordered a Committee to prepare Articles of Im-
peachment, but they intended to let the matter deep ; think-
ing that, what they had already done had fo marked thofe
Lords, that the King could not imploy them any more ; for
that was the main thing they drove at.
The King While this was in agitation, a Letter came to the King frorii
owned the ^-^e King of Spain^ giving notice of his AccefTion to that Crown ;
s^ain. It was dated, the day after he entred into Spain^ but the Date
and the Letter were vifibly writ at different times ; The King
ordered the Letter to be read in the Cabinet Council'; there
was fome jfhort Debate concerning it, but it was never brought
into any further deliberation there. The Earl of Rochejler faw
the King feemed diftruftful of him, and referved to him in
that matter, and was highly offended at it : He and the reft of
the new Miniftry prefTed the King, to own the King of Spain^
and to anfwer his Letter ; and fince the Dutch had done it,
it feemed reafonable that the King fhould likewife do it ; They
prevailed at laft, but with much difficulty j The thing was
kept fecret, and was not communicated to the Privy Councilj,
or to the T^yo Houfes, nor did the King fpeak of it to any of
the Foreign Minifters ; The Paris Gazette gave the World the
firft notice of it. This being carried in fuch a manner, feem-
ed the more ftrange, becaufe his^Miniflry had fo lately con-
demned a former One, for not communicating the Partition
Treaty to the Council, before it was concluded ; and yet had,
in a matter of great confequence, fo fbon forgot the Cenfures,
they had thrown out fo liberally, upon the fecrecy with which
that matter had been tranfaded. While things were moving
in fuch a flow and uncertain pace in England., the Dutch had
daily new allarms brought them of the Forces, that the French
were pouring into their Neighbourhood ; into the SpaniJIj Guel-
der on the one hand, and into Antwerp on the other ; So that
they were apprehenfive ofadefign, both upon Nimeguen and
"Bergen-op-zonf : •'They took the beft care they could to fecure
their Frontier : The Negotiations went on flowly at the Hague ;
The Fre?ich rejefted all their demands, and offered nothing but

to

of King William IIL 269

io renew the Peace of Ryfwick ; This the Dutch laid again be- 1 70 1
fore the King, in a very awakening ftrain ; and he fcnt all to '^'<i'''v"''>J
the Hoiife of Commons, but they could not be brought to de-
clare, that the Offers made by the French were not fufficient.
D' Avaux, feeing this coldnefs in our Counfels, refufed to treat '

any more with the Dutch., in conjunction with the Envoy of
England^ and faid, his Powers directed him only to them;
This put a full ftop to all further Treaty j for the States faid,
they were engaged in fuch a clofe conjundion with England-,
that they could not enter on a feparate Treaty. In the mean
while they armed powerfully ; and our Fleet, in conjundion
with theirs, were Mafters of the Sea ; but for want of Marines,
they were in no condition to make any impreflion on the Ene-
my. The Emperor went on, with his preparation for a Cam-
paign in Italy ; The French (ent an Army into the Milaneze,
that they reckoned would be much fuperior to any Force the
Emperor could fend thither ; The Duke of Savoy was engaged
in the interefl: of France, by King Philip\ marrying his Second
Daughter : The Pope ftill refufed to give the Inveftiture of Na-
ples, or to accept the Annual prefent ; for he would not quite
break with the Emperor.

The French pradices were every where the more prevalent, Ke^^otia-
becaufe they gave out that England would not engage in a *'°"' '" ^e^e-
War, and the face of our Affairs looked but dark at home ; The ^ "^
Emperor's Minifters had an unealy time among us ; the King
encouraged them, but the new Minifters were fcarce civil to
them,. and ftudied to put them quite out of hope ; The King of
Denmark entered into a Treaty with the Emperor and the
States ; Great pains were taken to mediate a Peace between
Sweden and Poland ; The Court of France, as vi^ell as that of
Vienna, tried it ; both fides hoping that Sweden, if not Poland,
might enter into their interefts : The French reckoned that Den-
mark and Sweden could never be on the fame fide ; So, when
they found they could not gain Denmark, they tried a Media-
tion, hoping to get Sweden into an Alliance with them, but all
attempts for a Mediation proved unfuccefsful. The Diet of
Poland was put off, and their King being delivered from them,
refolved to carry on the War j The Spaniards, and the Sub-
jefts of their other Dominions, began to feel the Infolence of
the French very fenfibly ; but nothing was more uneafy to
them, than the new regulations, they were endeavouring to
bring in, to leffen the expence of the Court of Spain : So they
feemed well difpofed to entertain a new Pretender.

Vol. II. Z z z While

270 The HtsrokY of the Reign

1701 while all thefe things were in a ferment all Europe ovet ;
Ui5?='>/'''^^ Xhe declaring a Proteftant Siicceflbr, after the Princefs and
An Aa de- fuch Iffue as {he might have, feemed to be forgot by our Par-
p?otei?ant Hament, tho' the King had begun his Speech with it. The
Succeflion. ^^^ Miniftcrs fpoke of it with much zeal ; from this their
friends made inferences in their favour, that certainly men, irt
the interefts of France^ would not promote a defrgn fo de-
ftrudtive of all they drove at : This was fo little of a piece, with
the reft of their conciuft, that thofe, who were ftill jealous of
their fincerity, looked on it as a blind, to cover their ill defigns,
and to gain them fome credit ; for they could not but fee, that,
if France was once poflefled of the Power and Wealth of
Spain, our Laws, and every thing that we could do to fupport
them, would prove but feeble defences. The manner, in which
this motion of the Succeflion was managed, did not carry in
it great marks of fincerity ; It was often put off from one day
to another, and it gave place to the moft trifling matters ; at
laft, when a day was folemnly fet for it, and all people expe<5l-
ed, that it fliould pafs without any difliculty, Harley moved,
that fome things previous to that might be firft confidered. He
obferved, that the hafte the Nation was in, when the prefent Go-
vernment was fettled, had made us go too faft, and over-
look many fecurities, which might have prevented much
mifchief, and therefore he hoped they would not now fall
into the fame error : Nothing preflTed them at prefent, fo he
moved they would fettle fome Conditions of Government, as
Preliminaries, before they fliould proceed to the Nomination of
the Perfon ; that fo we might fix every thing that was want-
ing, to make our fecurity compleat. This was popular, and
took with many, and it had fo fair an appearance, that indeed
none could oppoP it ; Some weeks were fpent upon it ; Sufpi-
cious people thought, this was done on defign to blaft the
Motion, and to ofi^er fuch extravagant Limitations, as fhould
quite change the Form of our Government, and render the Crown
titular and precarious : The King was alarmed at it, for almoft
every particular, that was propofed, implied a reflexion on
him and his Adminiftration, chiefly that of not imploying
Strangers, and not going too often out of the Kingdom ; It
was propofed, that every thing fhould be done with the advice
of the Privy Council, and every Privv Counfellor was to fign
his advice; All men, who had Places or Penfions, were made
incapable of fitting in the Houfe of Commons ; As all this was
unacceptable to the King, fo many, who had an ill opinion of
the defign of thofe, who were now at the Helm, began to

of King William IIL'^ tji

eonclude, that the delays were afFeded, and that thefe Limitd- 1701
tions were defigned, to raife difputes between the Two Houfes, '-^'"V"*^
by which the Bill might be loft. When fome time had been
fpent in thofe Preliminaries, it came to the nomination of the
Perfon ; Sir yohn Bowles^ who was tlien difbrdered in his Senfes,
and foon after quite loft them, was fet on by the Party, to be
the firft that fhould name the Eledorefs Dowager of Brunfwick^
which feemed done to make it lefs ferious, when moved by
fuch a perfon : He was, by the Forms of the Houfe, put in the
Chair of the Committee, to whom the Bill was committed :
The thing was ftill put off for many weeks ; At every time
that it was called for, the motion was entertained with cold-
nefs, which ferved to heighten the jealoufy ; The Committee
once or twice fate upon it, but all the Members ran out of
the Houfe, with fo much indecency, that the Contrivers feem-^
ed afhamed of this management : There were feldom fifty or
fixty at the Committee ; yet in conclufion, it paft and was fent
up to the Lords ; where we expelled great oppofition would
be made to it : Some imagined, the A61 was only an artifice,
defigned to gain credit to thofe, who at this time were {o ill thought
of over the Nation, that they wanted fome colourable thing,
to excufe their other proceedings : Many of the Lords ablented
themfelves on defign ; Some little oppofition was made by the
Marquifs of Normanby ; And four Lords, the Earls of Hun-
tington and Plymouth and the Lords Guilford and JefferieSf
protefted againft it. Thofe, who wifht well to the Aft, were ;

glad to have it pafi"ed any way, and fo would not examine the
Limitations tliat were in it ; They thought it of great impor-
tance to carry the Ad:, and that, at another time, thofe Li-
mitations might be better confidered : So the A61 pafled, and
the King fent it over by the Earl of Macclesfield to the Elec-
torefs, together with the Garter to the EleEior. We reckoned
it a great point carried, that we had now a Law on our fide,
for a Proteftant Succeflbr; for we plainly faw, a great Party
formed againft it, in favour of the pretended Prince of WaleSi
He was now paft thirteen, bred up with a hatred both of our
Religion and our Conftitution, in an admiration of the French
Government ; and yet many who called themfelves Proteftants,
feemed fond of fuch a Succeflbr ; a degree of infatuation that
might juftly amaze all who obferved it, and faw the fiiry with
which it was promoted.

Another very good A6t paft this Seflion, concerning the Pri- An Adle*-
vilege of Parliament ; Peers had, by Law or Cuftom, a Privi- 1\^^^}^"^
lege for themfelves and their Servants, during the Seflion, and

at ^

272 The History^ the Reign

1 70 1 at leaft twenty days before and after; of late they have rec-*
"^^^^^^^""^ koned forty days before and after, in which neither they nor
their Servants could be fued in any Court, unlefs for Treafon,
Felony, or breach of the Peace : The Houfe of Commons had
alfo poflefled themfelves of the fame Privilege ; but with this
difference, that the Lords pretended theirs was a right, not fub-
je6l to the Order of the Houfe of Lords ; whereas the Com-
mons held, that their Privilege was fubjed to the Authority of
their Houfe : Of late years, SefTions were long and continued by
intermediate Prorogations, fo that the whole year round was a
time of Privilege ; This made a great obftrudlion in the courfe
of juftice, and none, who were fo protected, could be fued
for Debt ; The abufe was carried further, by the Protedlions
which fomc Lords gave, or rather fold to perfons, who were
no way concerned in their affairs ; but when they needed this
fhelter, they had a pretended office given them, that was a bar
to all Arrefts : After many fruitlefs attempts to regulate thefe
abufes, a Bill was brought into the Houfe of Commons, that
took away all Privilege againft Legal Profecutions, in interme-
diate Prorogations, and did fo regulate it, during the fitting
of Parliament, that an effedual remedy was provided for a
grievance, that had been long and much complained of: Thefe
were the only popular things, that were done by this Parlia-^
ment, the reft of their proceedings fhewed both the madnefs
and fury of Parties.
Proceedings yj^g Impeachments lay long neglected in the Houfe of Com-
impeach- mons, and probably they would have been let fleep, if the Lords
*"^"*** concerned had not moved for a Trial ; On their motion, Mef-
fages were fent to the Commons to quicken their Proceedings ;
At laft, Articles Were framed and brought up, firft againft the
And firft, Earl of Orford : He was charged for taking great Grants from
Jealnft'thi" ^hc King ; Kid\ bufineis was objeded to him ; he was alfo
Earl of Or- charged for abufes in managing the Fleet, and vidtualling it,
•^"^ * when it lay on the Coaft of Spain, and for fome Orders he

had given, during his Command ; and in conclufion, for his ad-
vidng the Partition Treaty. And in fetting this out, the Com-
mons urged, that the King, by the Alliance made with the
Emperor in the year 1689, was bound to maintain his Succef-
fion to the Crown of Spain, which they faid was ftill in force ;
So the Partition Treaty was a Breach of Faith, contrary to
that Alliance, and this paft current in the Houfe of Commons,
without any Debate or Enquiry into it ; for every thing was
acceptable there, that loaded that Treaty, and thefe Lords : But
they did not confider, that by this they declared, they thouglit

the

9/ King Wlti:tA\t in; i73

the King was bound to maintain the Emperor's right to that 1701
Succeflion : yet this was not intended by thofe, who managed U?S/*^
the Party, who had not hitherto given any countenance to the Em-
peror's pretenfions : So apt are Parties to make ufe of any thing;
that may ferve a tUrh, without cortfidering the confequences of
it.- -J

The Earl of Orford put in his Anfwer in fout days; He JJ'f^^^^lJ^ **^
faid he had no Grant of the King, but a Revcrfion at a great Aufwcr.
diftance, and a Gift of ten thoufarid Pounds, after he had de-
feated the French at La Hogtie^ which he thought he might
lawfully accept of, as all others before him had done : He
opened KicT^ matter^ in which he had adted legally, with good
intentions to the publick, and to his own lofs : His Accounts,
while he commanded the Fleet, had been all examined and
were paft ; but he was ready to wave that, and to juftify him-
felf in every particular, and he denied his having given any
Advice about the Partition Treaty ; This was immediately fent
down to the Commons ; But they let it lie before them, with-
out coming to a replication ; which is only a piece of Form,
by which they undertake to make good their charge.

Articles were next fent up againft the Lord Somen ; In thefe Articles of
the two Partition Treaties were copibufly fet forth, and it was ii^!!?^a- .
laid down for a foundation, that the King was bound to main- ^^'"^ ^°'^"
tain the Emperot's right of SuccefllOn to the Crown of Spain ;
Lord Somers was charged, for fettirig the Seals, firft to the
Powers and then to the Treaties themfelves ; He was alfo
charged, for accepting fome Grants, and the manner of taking
them was reprefented as fraudulent, he ieeming to buy theni
of the King, and then getting himfelf difcharged of the Pried
contraAed for ; Kid's bufinefs was alfo mentioned, and dilatory
and partial proceedings in Chancery were objeded to him. He
put in his Anfwer in a: very few days : In the Partition Trea- ^o""^
ty, he faid, he had offered the King very faithfbl advice as a Anfwer.
Counfellor, and had a£led according to the duty of his Poft,
as Chancellor ; So he had «iothing more to anfwer fot : As for
his Grants, the King defigned him a Grant to fuch a value ;
The King was not deceived in the value j The manner of paf-
ling it, was according to the ufual methods of the Treafury,
in order to make a Grant fufe, and out of the danger of be-
ing avoided. Kid's bufinefs was opened, as was formerly fet
forth ; and as to the Court of Chancery, he had applied hirii-
felf wholly to the difpatch of bufinefs in it, with little regard
to his own health or quiet, and had a£ted according to the beft
6f his judgment, without fear or fivour. This was prefently

Vol. II. A a a a' fent

Twer,

274 The Hi sroViY of the ReJgn

1 70 1 fent down to the Houfe of Commons, and upon that they were
*-<J^'"V'^^ at a full ftand : They framed no Articles againft the Earl of
Portland, which was reprefented to the King, as an expreflion
of their refped to him.
Articles of Somc time after this, near the end of the Sefllon, they fent
Impeach- up Articlcs againft the Lord Halifax, which I mention here,
Xord^j/S/- that I may end this matter all at once ; They charged him
J''-"' for a Grant that he had in Ireland, and that he had not pay'd

in the produce of it, as the Ad; concerning thofe Grants had
enabled : They charged him for another Grant, out of the Fo-
reft of Dean, to the wafte of the Timber, and prejudice of
the Navy of England : They charged him, for holding Places
that were incompatible, being at the fame time both a Com-
miflioner of the Trealury, and Auditor of the Exchequer;
and in conclufion, he was charged for advifing the two Partition
Lord iLili- Treaties. He was as quick with his Anfwer as the other Lords
fax's An- i^^^ been : He faid, his Grant in Ireland was of fome Debts and
Sums of Money, and fo was not thought to be within the Adt,
concerning confifcated Eftates ; All he had ever received of it
was four hundred pounds ; If he was bound to repay it, he was
liable to an adion for it ; but every man was not to be impeach-
ed, who did not pay his Debts, at the day of payment. His
Grant in the Foreft oi Dean was only of the Weedings ; fo it could
be no wafte of Timber, ncr a prejudice to the Navy ; The
Auditor's place was held by another, till he obtained the King's
leave to withdraw from the Treafury ; As for the firft Partition.
Treaty, he never once law it, nor was he ever advifed with in
it ; As for the fecond, he gave his Advice very freely about it,
at the ftngle time, in which he had ever heard any thing con-
cerning it ; This was fent down to the Commons, but was ne-
ver fo much as once read by them. When, by thefe Articles
and the Anfwers to them, it appeared, that after all the noife
and clamour that had been raifed againft the former Miniftry
(more particularly againft the Lord Halifax) for the great wafte
of Treafure, during their Adminiftration, that now, upon the
ftrideft fearch, all ended in fuch poor accufations ; it turn-
ed the minds of many, that had been formerly prejudiced a-
gainft them. It appeared, that it was the animofity of a Party
at beft, if it was not a French pradlice, to mine men, who
had ferved the King faithfully, and to difcourage others, from
engaging thcmfelves fo far in hislnterefts, as thefe Lords had done.
They faw the effed: that muft follow on this : and that the King
could not enter upon a new War, if they could difcourage from
his Service all the men of Uvely and adive tempers, that would

raife

of King William III^,; ij^

rai/e a fplrit in the Nation, for fuppoiting fuch an important 1701
and dangerous War, as this now in profpedl was hke to prove. u?='^/*■*oJ

This gave a general difguft to all England^ more particular- The Pro-
ly to the City of London^ where Foreign affairs and the intereft "cdings of

J ^ 11 1 1 n 1 /-r-<i 1 1 T-< /t r 1 ornament

or Trade were generally better underltood ; The old Eajt-In- much ccn-
dia Company, tho' they hated the Miniftry that let up the^"'^'^'^*
new, and ftudied to fupport this Houle of Commons, from
Nvhom they expected much favour ; yet they, as well as the reft
of the City, faw vifibly that firft the ruiue of Trade, and then,
as a confequence of that, the ruine of the Nation muft cer-
tainly, ertfue, if France and Spain were once firmly united :
So they began openly to condemn the proceedings of the Com-
mons, and to own a jealoufy, that the Lpuh d'Ors fent hither
of late, had not come over to England, tor notliing, Thi^
dilpofition to blame the flownefs, in which the Houfe of Com-
mons proceeded, with relation to Foreign Affiiirs, and the heat
with which private quarrels were purfued, began to Ipread it
felf thro' the whole Nation. Thofe of the County of Keni lent
up a Petition to the Houfe, defiring them to mind the ^^^-ThcKentifi
lick more, and their private heats lefs, and to turn their Ad- Petition,
drefles to the King, to Bills of Supplies, to enable him both to
protedl the Nation, and to defend our AUies. This' was brought
up by fbme Perfons of QuaHty, and was prefented by them to
the Houfe : But it was looked on as a Libel on their Proceedt
ings ; and the Gentlemen, who brought it up, were fent to
Prifon ; where they lay till the Prorogation, but they were much
vifited and treated as Confeflbrs. This was highly cenfured ; it
was faid, the Commons were the Creatures of the People, and
upon all other occafions, they ufed to favour and encourage
Petitions : This feverity was condemned therefore as unnatural,
and without a precedent : It was much queftioned, whether they
had really an Authority to Imprifon any except their own Mem-
bers, or fuch as had violated the Privilege of their Houfe : But
the Party thought it was convenient, by fuch an unufual feve-
rity, to difcourage others from following the example fet them
by thofe of Kenf : for a defign was laid to get Addrefles of
the fame nature, from all parts of the Kingdom, chiefly from
the City of London. The Minifters reprefented to the King,
what an indignity this would be to the Houfe of Commons ;
and that, if he did not difcourage it, he might look for unac-
ceptable things from them. It might rather difcourage, than
give heart to our Allies, if they fhould fee fuch a disjointing,
and both City and Country in an oppofition to the Houfe
of Commons 5 Some went in his Name, to the eminent

Men

176 TJl^ History offJ^e Reign

1 70 1 Men of the City, to divert ft, yet with all this it came fo near,
U=^^/■■'W for fuch an Addrefs, in a Common Council, that the . Lord
Mayor's Vote turned it for the Negative, fo that fell. But a dif-
poiition to a War, and to a more hearty concurrence with the
King, appeared to be the general fenfe of the Nation, and this
had a great eflFed on the Hoiife of Comnloris : They began to
talk of a War as unavoidable ; and when the Sefliori drew near
an end, they, by an Addrefs defired the King to enter into
fuch Alliances with the Emperor, and other States and Princes,
as were neceflary for the fupport of us and our Allies, and
to bring down the exorbitant Power of France. This was op-
pofed with great zeal by thofe, who were looked on as the
chief Condudiors of the Jacobite Party, tho' many, who had
in other things gone along with them, thought this was the
only mean that was left, to recover their Credit with the people :
for the current ran fo ftrong for a War, that thofe, who ftrug-
gled againft it, were looked on as little better than publick E-
nemies. They had found good Funds for a MilHon and a
half; It is true, one of thefe was very unacceptable to the
" ' King : It was obferved, that the allotment for the Civil Lift did
far exceed the Sum that was defigned, which was only fix
hundred thouland pounds, and that, as King Jamesh Queen
would not take her Jointure, fo by the Duke of GloceJier\
death, the charge on it was now lefs than when it was grant-
ed ; fo they took almoft four thoufand pounds a Week out of
the Excife, and, upon an AfTignation made of that for fome
years, a great fum was raifed ; This was very fenfible to the
Court, and the new Minifters found it no eafy thing to main-
tain, at the fame time, their Intereft both with the King and
their Party : This matter was at laft yielded to by the King.
All the remainder of this SefTion relates to the Impeachments.
Meffaees The Lords had refolved to begin with the Trial of the Earl
paftbetwccn q{ Qrford ; becaufe the Articles againft him were the firft that
Houfes. were brought up ; and fince the Commons made no Replica-
tion, the Lords, according to clear Precedents, named a day
for his Trial, and gave notice of it to the Houfe of Commons :
Upon this, the Commons moved the Lords, to agree to name
a Committee of both Houfes for fettling the Preliminaries of
the Trial, and they named two Preliminaries ; One was, that
the Lord who was to be tried, fhould not fit as a Peer ; the
other was, that thofe Lords, who were impeached for the fame
matter, might not vote in the Trial of one another : They al-
fo acquainted the Lords, that the courfe of their Evidence led
them to begin with the Lord Sotners. The Lords judged their
, laft

I

of King William III. ijy

laft demand reafonable, and agreed to it; but difagreed to the 1701
others. They confidered themfelvcs as a Court of Juftice, and "w-tf^v^vJ
how great foever the regard due to the Houfe of Commons
might be, in all other rcfpeds, yet in matters of Juftice, where
they were the Acculers, they could only be confidered as Par^
ties. The King, when he had a Suit with a Subjedl, fubmit-
ted to the equality of Juftice ; So the Commons ought to pre-
tend to no advantage over a fingle perfon, in a Trial ; A Court
of Juftice ought to hear the demands of both Parties pleaded
fairly, and then to judge impartially ; A Committee named by
one of the Parties, to lit in an equality with the Judges, and
to fettle matters relating to the Trial, was a thing pradifed in
no Court or Nation, and feemed contrary to the principles of
Law or rules of Juftice : By thefe means, they could at Icaft
delay Trials, as long as they pleafed, and all delays of juftice
arc real and great injuftices. This had never been demanded
but once, in the cafe of the Popifh Plot ; then it was often re-
fufed ; it is true, it was at laft yielded to by the Lords, tho'
with great oppofition j That was a cafe of Treafon, in which
the King's Life and the Safety of the Nation was concerned ;
There was then a great jealoufy of the Court, and of the Lords
that belonged to it ; and the Nation was in {o great a fer-
ment, that the Lords might at that time yield to fuch a motion,
tho' it derogated from their Judicature : That ought not to be
fet up for a precedent for a quiet time, and in a cafe pretend-
ed to be no more than a Mifdemeanor ; So the Lords re-
folved not to admit of this, but to hear whatfoever fhould be
propofed by the Commons, and to give them all juft and rea-
fonable fatisfadion in it. The chief point in queftion, in the
year 1679, was, how far the Bifhops might fit and vote in
Trials of Treafon ; but without all difpute, they were to vote
in Trials for Mifdemeanors ; It was alfo fettled in the cafe of
the Lord Mordaunt^ that a Lord tried for a Mifdemeanor was
to fit within the Bar ; In all other Courts, men tried for fuch
Offences came within the Bar ; This was ftronger in the cafe of
a Peer, who by his Patent had a Seat in that Houfe, from
which nothing but a judgment of the Houfe, for fome offence,
could remove him : They indeed found that, in King James
the Firft's time, the Earl of Middle/ex, being accufed of Mifde-
meanors, was brought to the Bar ; But as that profecution was
violent, fo there had been no later precedent of that kind, to
CTovern proceedings by it : There had been many fince that
time, and it had been fettled, as a rule for future times, tlmt
Peers tried for fuch Offences were to fit within the Bar. The
Vol. n. B b b b other

/

278 The History of the Reign

1 70 1 other Preliminary was, that Peers accufed for the fame Offence^
u^-v"^ might not vote in the Trials of tlie others : The Lords found
that a right of voting was fo inherent in every Peer in all caufes,
except where himfelf was a Party, that it could not . be taken
from him, but by a fentence of the Houfe ; a Vote of the Houfe
could not deprive him of it 5 Otherwife, a Majority might up-
on any pretence deny fome Peers their right of voting, and the
Commons, by impeaching many Peers at once, for the lame
offence, might exclude as many Lords as they pleafed from
judging : It was alfo obferved, that a man might be a judge in
any caufe, in which he might be a Witnefs ; And it was a
common pradice to bring perfons, charged with the fame of-
fence, if they were not in the fame Indidlment, to witnefs the
fads, with which they themfelves were charged, in another In-
didment : and a parity of reafon appeared in the cafe of Lords,
who were charged in different Impeachments, for the fame
fads, that they might be judges in one another's Trials. Upon
thefc points, many Meffages paffed between the Two Houfes,
with fo much precipitation, that it was not eafy to diftinguiih,
between the Anfwers and the Replies : The Commons fLill kept
off the Trial, by affeded delays ; It was vifible, that when a
Trial fhould come on, they had nothing to charge thefe Lords
with : So the Leaders of the Party fhewed their skill, in find-
ing out excufes, to keep up the clamour, and to hinder the
matters from being brought to an iffue : The main point, that
was ftill infifted on, was a Committee of both Houfes, fo ac-
cording to the forms of the Houfe, it was brought to a free
Conference.

In it, the Lord Haverjbam, fpeaking to the point of Lords
being partial in their own cafes and therefore not proper judges,
faid that the Houfe of Commons had plainly fhewed their par-
tiality, in impeaching fome Lords for fads, in which others were
equally concerned vnth them, who yet were not impeached
by them, tho' they were ftill in credit and about the King ;
which fhewed, that they thought neither the one nor the other
were Guilty. The Commons thought, they had now found
an occafion of quarrelling with the Lords, which they were
looking for ; So they immediately withdrew from the Confe-
rence, tho' they were told that the Lord Haver Jham Ipoke only
his own private fenfe, and not by any diredion from the Houfe.
The Houfe of Commons fent up a Complaint to the Lords, of
this Refledion on their Proceedings, as an indignity done
them, for which they expeded Reparation 5 Upon this, the Lord
Haverjham offered himfelf to a Trial, and fubmitted to any

Cenfure,

of King William IIL 179

Cenfure, that the Lords fliould think he had deferved ; but 1701
infifted that the words muft firft be proved, and he muft be ^-^J^'^v^^sJ
allowed to put his own fenfe on them ; The Lords fent this to the
Commons, but they ffccmed to think that the Lords ought to
have proceeded to cenfuxe him in a fummary way, which the
Lords thought, being a Court of Judicature, they could not do,
till the words were proved, and the importance of them difculTed.

The Houfe of Commons had now got a pretence to juftify The Lord*
their not going further in thefe Trials ; and they refolved to "cauitlcd,
infift upon it : They faid, they could expedt no juftice, and
therefore they could not go on with the profecutions of their
Impeachments ; And a day being fet for the Lord Sotners\ Tri-
al, they excepting ftill, it was put off for fome time, at laft a
peremptory day was fixed for it ; But the Commons refufed to
appear, and faid they were the only Judges, when tliey were
ready with their Evidence, and that ic was a mockery, to go to
a Trial, when they were not ready to appear at it. There
were great and long Debates upon this in the Houfe of Lords ;
The new Miniftry, and all the Jacobites joined to fupport the
pretenfions of the Commons : every ftep was to be made by a
Vote, againft which many Lords protefted, and the reafons
given, in fome of their proteftations, were thought to be fo in-
jurious to the Poufe, that diey were by a Vote ordered to be
expunged, a thing that feldom happens. When the day fet for
the Trial came, the other Lords, who were alfo impeached,
asked the leave of the Houfe to withdraw, and not to fit and
vote in it ; This was granted them, tho' it was much oppofed
and protefted againft by the Tory Party, becaufe the giving
iuch leave, fuppofed that they had a right to vote : The Lords
went down in Form to Wefiminjier-Hall^ where the Articles
againft the Lord Somers were firft read ; Lord Somers\ Aniwers
were next read ; and none appearing to make good the charge,
the Lords came back to their Houfe, where they had a long
and warm Debate of many hours, concerning the Queftion that
was to be put ; The Judges told them, that, according to the
Forms of Law, it ought to be Guilty^ or not Guilty : But thofe
of the Party faid, as it was certain, that none could vote him
Guilty, fo fince the Houfe of Commons had not come to make :.i

good the charge, they could not vote him iiot Guilty ; fo to
give them fome content, the Queftion, agreed on to be put,
was, whether he ought to be acquitted of the Impeachment or
not ? That being fetded, the Lords went again to the Hall,
and the queftion being put, fifty fix voted in the Affirmative,
and thirty one in the Negative. Upon this, the Houfe of Com-
mons

28 o The History of the Reign

1701 mons paffed fome high Votes againft the Lords, as having dc-
U5'^v*'^>J nied them juftice, and having obftrudled the pubUck proceed-
ings ; and called the Trials a pretended Trial. The Lords
went as high in their Votes againft the Commons ; and each
Houfe ordered a Narrative of the proceedings to be publifhed,
for fatisfying the Nation ; A few days after this, the Earl of
Orford\ Trial came on, but: all the Lords of the other fide
withdrawing, there was no difpute ; So he was acquitted by an
unanimous Vote. The Lords did alfo acquit both the Earl of
Portland^ and the Lord Halifax ; and becaufe the Commons
had never infifted on their profecution of the Duke of Leeds^
which they had begun fome years before, they likewife acquit-
ted him, and fo this contentions SefTion came to an end. The
Two Houfes had gone fo far in their Votes againft one another,
that it was believed they would never meet ^ again ; The pro-
ceedings of the Lords had the general approbation of the Na-
tion on their fide ; Moft of the Bifhops adhered to the impeach-
ed L/ords, and their behaviour on this occafion was much com-
mended J I bore fome fhare in thofe Debates, perhaps more
than became me, confidering my ftation and other circum-
ftances ; But as I was convinced of the innocence of the Lords,
fo I thought the Government itfelf was ftruck at, and there-
fore when I apprehended all was in danger, I was willing to
venture every thing in fuch a quarrel ; The violence, as well
as the folly of the Party, loft them much ground, with all in-
different men ; but with none more, than with the King him-
felf ; who found his error, in changing his Miniftry at {o criti-
cal a time ; and he now faw, that the Tories were at heart irre-
concilable to him : in particular, he was extream uneafy with
the Earl of Rochejler^ of whofe imperious and intradlable tem-
per, he complained much, and feemed refolved to difengage
himfelf quickly from him, and never to return to him any
more. He thought the Party was neither folid nor fincere, and
that they were aduated by pafHon and revenge, without any
views with relation to our quiet at home, or to our affairs
abroad.
A Convoca- But having now given an account of the SefHon of Parlia-
Qeigy met, ment, I tum to another fcene : When the new Miniftry under-
took to ferve the King, one of their Demands was, that a Con-
vocation fhould have leave to fit, which was promifed, and it
fate this Winter ; Dr. Atterbury\ Book, concerning the Rights
of a Convocation, was reprinted with great Corredions and Ad-
ditions ; The firft Edition was drawn out of fome imperfeft
and diforderly CoUedions, and he himfelf foon faw that, not-

withftanding

of King William IIL 281

withftandlng the aflurance and the virulence with which it 1701
was writ, he had made many great miftakes in it ; So, to pre- v-^^^'v"'^
vent a difcovery from other hands, he corredled his Book, in
many important matters ; Yet he left a great deal to thofe who
anfwered him, and did it with fuch a fuperiority of Argument
and of Knowledge in thele matters, that his infolence in defpifing
thefe Anfvvers, was as extraordinary, as the Parties adhering to
him after fuch manifeft difcoveries. Dr. Kennet laid him fo
open, not only in many particulars, but in a thread of igno-
rance that ran thro' his whole Book, that if he had not had a
meafure of confidence peculiar to himfelf ; he muft have been
much humbled under it. The Clergy lioped to recover many
loft Privileges, by the help of his performances ; They fancied
they had a right to be a part of the Parliament, fo they look-
ed on him as their Champion, and on moft of the Bilhops, as
the Betrayers of the Rights of the Church : This was encourag-
ed by the new Miniftry ; They were difpleafed with the Bi-
fhops, for adhering to the old Miniftry ; and they hoped, by
the Terror of a Convocation, to have forced them to apply to
them for fhelter. The Jacobites intended to put us all in fuch
a flame, as they hoped would diforder the Government. The
things the Convocation pretended to, were firft, that they had
a right to fit whenfoever the Parliament fate ; So that they
could not be prorogued, but when the Two Houles were pro-
rogued : Next they advanced, that they had no need of a Licence
to enter upon Debates, and to prepare matters, tho' it was con-
fefl'cd, that the Pradlice for an hundred years was againft them ;
But they thought the Convocation lay under no farther reftraint,
than that the Parliament was under ; and as they could pafs no
Ad without the Royal Aflent; fo they confefi"ed that they
could not ena(5t or publifh a Canon without the King's Li*
cenfe. Antiently the Clergy granted their own Subfidies apart,
but ever fince the Reformation, the Grant of the Convocation
was not thought good, till it was ratified in Parliament ; But
the Rule of Subfidies being fo high on the Clergy, they had
fubmittcd to be taxed by the Houfe of Commons, ever fince
the year 1665, tho' no Memorials were left to inform us, how
that matter was confented to fo generally, that no oppofition
of any fort was made to it ; The giving of Money being yield-
ed up, which was the chief bufinefs of Convocations, they
had after that nothing to do ; fo they fate only for Form's fake,
and were adjourned of courfe ; nor did they ever pretend, not-
withftanding all the danger that Religion was in during the for-?^
mer Reigns, to fit and ad as a Synod ; but now this was de-
V o L. II. C c c c , manded

2§2 The History of the Retgn

1701 manded as a Right, and they complained of their being fo ofterl
^.^''v^^ prorogued, as a violation of their Conftitution, for which all the
Bifhops, but more particularly the Archbifhop of Canterbury
was cried out on ; They faid, that he and the Bifhops looked
fo much to their own Interefts, that they forgot the Interefts
of the Church, or rather betrayed them : The greater part of
the Clergy were in no good temper : they hated the Toleration^
and were heavily charged with the Taxes, which made them
very uneafy; and this difpofed them to be foon inflamed by
thofe, who were feeking out all poflible methods to diforder oui"
affairs : They hoped to have engaged them againft the Suprema-
Qy, and reckoned, that in the feeble ftate to which the Go-
vernment was now brought, they might hope either to wreft
it quite from the Crown, and then it would fall into the Ma-
nagement of the Houfe of Commons ; Or if the King fhould
proceed againft them according to the Statute, and fue them
in a Premunire, this might unite the Clergy into fuch an op-
polition to the Government, as would probably throw iis into
great Convulfions : But many afpiring men among them, had
no other defign, but to force themfelves into Preferment, by the
oppofition they made. In the Writ that the Bifhops had,
fummoning them to Parliament, the Claufe, known by the
firft word of it Premunientes, was ftill continued : at firfl, by
virtue of it, the inferior Clergy were required to come to
Parliament, and to confent to the Aids there given : But after
the Archbifhops had the provincial Writ, for a Convocation of
the Province, the other was no more executed, tho' it was ftill
kept in the Writ, and there did not appear the leaft fhadow
of any ufe that had been made of it, for fome hundreds of
years ; yet now fome Bifhops were prevailed on, to execute this
Claufe, and to Summon the Clergy by virtue of it : The Con-
vocation was opened with Speeches, full of fharp Reflexions on
the Bifhops, which they paft over, being unwilling to begin a
Difpute.
Theyaif- ^^- Hooper, Dean of Canter bury , was chofen Prolocutor, a
pute the lY^an df Learning and good condud: hitherto ; he was referved,
fhop's Pow' crafty and ambitious j his Deanery had not foften'd him, for he
er of ad- thought he dcfcrvcd to be raifed hip;her. The conftant method
them. of Adjournments had been this ; the Archbifhop figned a Schedule
for that puxpofe, by which the Upper Houfe was immediately
adjourned, and that being fent down to the Prolocutor, did al-
fo adjourn the Lower Houfe : The Clergy perceiving that, by
this means, the Archbifhop could adjourn them at pleafure,
and either hinder or break off all Debates, refolved to begin at
■*•' ^ difputing

of tttng William HI. i8^

difputing this point ; and they brought a Paper to the Upper lyot
Houfe, in which they afferted their right of Adjourning them- UJ^v"^^
felves, and cited fome Precedents for it ; To this, the Bifliops
drew a very copious anfwer, in which all their Precedents were
examined and anfwered, and the matter was fo clearly ftated,
and fo fully proved, that we hoped we had put an end to the
Difpute : The Lower Houfe late for fome time about the Re-
ply to this ; but inftead of going on with that, they defired
a free Conference : and began to affed^, in all their Proceedings,
to follow the methods of the Houfe of Commons : The Bifliops
refolved not to comply with this, which was wholly hew :
They had, upon fome occafions, called up the Lower Houfe to
a Conference, in order to the explaining fome things to them :
But the Clergy had never taken upon them, to defire a Con- '
fercnce with the Bifhops before ; So they refolved not to admit
of it, and told them, they expeded an Anfwer to the Paper
they had fent them : The Lower Houfe refolved not to comply
with this, but on the contrary, to take no more notice of the
Archbifhop's Adjournments : They did indeed obferve the rule
of adjourning themfelves to the day, which the Archbifhop had
appointed in his Schedule, but they did it as their ovvn Ad,
and they adjourned themfelves to intermediate days.

That they might exprefs a zeal in the matters of Religion, They Cen-
they refolved to proceed againft fome bad Books ; They began
with one, entitled Chrijlianity not Myjierious^ wrote by one To-
landy a man of a bold and petulant wit, who paffed for a So-
cinian, but was believed to be a man of no Religion : They
drew fome propofitions out of this Book, but did it with fo lit-
tle judgment, that they pafTed over the worfl:, that were in itj
and fmgled out fome, that how ill foever they were meant, yet
were capable of a good fenfe : They brought up the Cenfure,
that they had paft on this Book, to the Bifhops, and defired them
to agree to their Refolutions: This ftruck fo diredlly at the
Epifcopal Authority, that it feemed ftrange to fee men, who
had fo long afTerted the Divine Right of Epifcopacy, and that
Presbyters were only their AfTiftants and Council (according to
the Language of all Antiquity) now aflume to themfelves the
moft important Ad of Church Government, the judging in
Points of Dodtrine : In this it appeared, how foon mens Inte-
refls and PafTions can run them from one extreme to another i
The Bifhops faw, that their defign in this was only to gain fome
credit to themfelves, by this fhevv of zeal for the great Articles
of Religion ; So they took advice of men learned in the Law,
how far the Ad of SubmifTion in the twenty fifth of Henry the

Eighth

284 ^^^ History of the Reign

1 701 Eighth did reftrain them in this cafe. There had been the Hke
*w<?''V'''^ complaint made in the Convocation 1698, of many ill Books
then publifhed ; and the Bifhops had then advifed both with
Civilians and Common Lawyers in this matter : They were an-
fvvered, that every Bifhop might proceed in his own Court, againft
the Authors or Spreaders of ill Books, within his Diocefe :
But they did not know of any Power the Convocation had to
do it : it did not fo much as appear, that they could furnmon
any to come before them : And when a Book was publifhed,
with the Author's Name to it, the condemning it, without
hearing the Author upon it, feemed contrary to the common
rules of Juftice. It did not feem to be a Court at all, and
lince no Appeal lay from it, it certainly could not be a Court,
in the firft inftance. When this Queftion was now again put
to Lawyers, fome were afraid, and others were unwilling to
anfwer it: But Sir Edward Northey, afterwards made Attor-
ney General, thought the condemning Books was a thing of
great confequence ; iince the Doftrine of the Church might be
altered, by condemning Explanations of one fort, and allowing
thofe of another; and fince the Convocation had no Licence
from the King, he thought that, by meddling in that matter,
they fhould incur the Pains in the Statute : fo all further De-
bate of this matter was let fall by the Bifhops. The Lower Houfe
going on, to fit in intermediate days, many of the moft eminent
and learned among them, not only refufed to fit with them
on thofe days, but thought it was incumbent on them, to pro-
teft againft their Proceedings ; but the Lower Houfe refufing to
fuffer this to be enter'd in their Books, they fignified it in a
Petition to the Archbifhop. The Party fitting alone, in thofe
intermediate days ; they enter'd into flich a fecrecy, that it
could not be known what they fate fo clofe upon : So the Arch-
bifhop appointed five Bifhops, together with ten they fhould
name, as a Committee to examine their Books ; But tho' this
had been often done, yet, upon this occafion, the Lower Houfe
refufed to comply with it, or to name a Committee : This
was fuch an unprecedented invafion of the Epifcopal Authori-
ty, that the Upper Houfe refolved to receive nothing from them,
till that irregularity was fet right.
And com- Hereupon they, being highly incenfed againfl me, cenfured
Jxpofitio™^ "^y Expofition of the Articles, which, in imitation of the Gene-
ral Impeachments by the Houfe of Commons, they put in three
General Propofitions : Firji^ That it allowed a diverfity of
Opinions, which the Articles were framed to avoid. Secondly^
That it contained many PafTages contrary to the true mean-
ing

of King William III. iSy

ing of the Articles, and to other received Dodrines of our 1701
Church. Thirdly^ That fome things in it were of dangerous ^-^^^^v^'"^
confequence to the Church, and derogated from the honour of
the Reformation. What the particulars, to which thefe gene-
ral Heads referred, were, could never be learned ; this was a
Secret lodged in confiding hands : I begg'd, that the Archbi-
fhop would difpenfe with the Order made, againft further com-
munication with the Lower Houfe, as to this matter : But
they would enter into no particulars, unlefs they might at the
fame time offer fome other matters, which the Bifliops would
not admit of

In thefe Proceedings the Bifhops were unanimous, except the
Bifliops of London^ Rochejler^ and Exeter : The Bifliop cf
London had been twice difappointed of his hopes, of being ad-
vanced to the See of Canterbury ; fo for feveral years he was
engaged with the Tory Party, and oppofed the Court in eve-
ry thing, but with little force or authority : The Bifliop of Ro-
chejler had been deeply engaged in the former Reigns, and he
ftuck firm to the Party, to which, by reafon of the liberties of
his Life, he brought no fort of honour. Thefe Bifliops gave
no great reputation to the proceedings of the Lower Houfe, to
which they adhered; They likewife enter'd their 'Difl'ent to the
Refolutions taken in the Upper Houfe. From the fire raifed
thus in Convocation, a great heat was fpread thro' the whole
Clergy of the Kingdom : it alienated them from their Bifliops,
and raifed Fadions among them every where.

Thus ended the SelTion of Parliament and Convocation, The King
which had the worft afpedt of any, that had fate during this ^^vcd^" ""
Reign. The new Minifters prefixed the King often to diflblve
the Commiflion, that recommended to Ecclefiaftical Prefer-
ments, and to turn out fome of the Whigs, who were in Im-
ployments, the Lord Haverjham in particular, who was in the
Admiralty : But the King could not be prevailed on to do any
thing, yet he kept himfelf {o much on the referve, that when
he went out of England^ it was not certainly known, whether
he intended to diflblve the Parliament or not. When the King
came to the Hague^ he found the Negotiation with France quite
at an end : the King of France had recalled his Minifter ; The
States had encreafed their Force, and the French were very
flrong in their Neighbourhood : So that though no War was ac-
tually declared, yet it was very near breaking out.

The Emperor's Army was now got into Italy : The entrance Prince Eu-
towards Verona was fiopt by the French \ but Prince Eugene^^"f "'^"^^-
canie in by Vincenza ; and when the Reinforcements and Artil- iy. '

Vol. IL Dd d d Icry

286 The History of the Reign

1 701 lery came up to him, he made a feint of pafling the Po near
u?''V"''=sJ perrara ; and having thus amufed the French., he pafled the
Adige near Carpi., where a Body of five thoufand French lay :
thefe he routed, fo the French retired to the Mincio : He fol-
lovi^ed them, and pafled that River in their fight, without any
oppofition : The French Army was commanded by the Duke
of Savoy., with him were the Marefchal Catinat, and the Prince of
Vaudemont., Governor of Milan : Thefe differed in opinion, the
Duke of Savoy was for fighting ; Catinat and Prince Vaiidemont
were againfl it: So the Marefchal Villeroy was fent thither, with Or-
ders to fight. Catinat, who was the befh General the French had
left, looking on this as a Difgrace, retired and languifhed for fome
time ; yet he recovered. There were many fmall engagements of
Parties fent out on both fides, in which the Germans had always
the better : yet this did not difcourage Villeroy, from ventur-
ing to attack them in their Camp at Chiari : but they were fo
well entrenched, and defended themfelves with fo much refo-
lution, that the French were forced to draw off with great lofs :
about five thoufand of them were killed, whereas the lofs of the
Germans was inconfiderable. Sicknefs likewife broke in upon
the French, fo that their Army was much diminilhed ; and after
this, they were not in a condition to undertake any thing. Prince
Eugene lay for fome time in his Camp at Chiari, fending out
Parties as far as the Adda, who meeting oft with Parties of the
French, had always the advantage, killing fome, and taking ma-
ny Prifoners : For feveral Months, Prince Fugene had no place
of defence to retire to ; his Camp was all ; fo that a blow given
him there, muft have ruined his whole Army : towards the end of
the Campaign, he poffeffed himfelf of all the Mantuan Territo-
ry, except Mantua and Goits : he blockt them both up ; and
when the Seafon obliged the French to go into Quarters, he
took all the Places on the Oglio, and continued in motion the
whole following Winter. The French had no other Enemy to
deal with, fo they poured in their whole force upon him : He
was then but a young man, and had little afTiftance from thofe
about him, and none at all during the Summer from the Princes
and States of Italy : For the Pope and the Venetians pretend-
ed to maintain a Neutrality, tho' upon many occalions, the
Pope fhewed great partiality to the French : The People indeed
favoured him, fo that he had good and feafonable Intelligence
brought him of all the motions of the French : and in his
whole Condudt, he fhewed both a depth of contrivance, and an
exadnefs in execution, with all the courage, but without any
, of the rafhnefs of youth.

But

of King William III. 287

But to carry on the fcries of his motions as far as this period 1701
of my Hiftory goes, his attempt in January following upon ^.^^^^'■v-'^vj
Cremona^ had almoft proved a decifive one. Marefchal Villeroy "pJn S?-^*
lay there with fix or feven thoufand Men, and commanded a """'''•
Bridge on the Fo ; Prince Eugene had paft that River, with a
part of his Army, the Princefs of Mirandola drove out the
French^ and received a Garrifon from him : The Duke of Mo-
de?ta put his Country in his hand, and gave him Berfello^ the
ftrongeft place of his Dominions : The Duke of Parma pre-
tended he was the Pope's Vaflal, and fo put himfelf under the
Protection of that See : Prince Eugene would not provoke the
Pope too much, fo he only marched thro' the Parmezan ; here
he laid the defign of furprifing Cremona^ with fo much fecre-
cy, that the French had not the leaft fufpicion of it. Prince
Eugene went to put himfelf at the head of a Body that he '
brought from the Oglio^ and ordered another to come from the
Parmezan at the fame time, to force the Bridge. He marched
with all fecrecy to Cremona ; at the fame time, thro' the ruins
of an old Aquedud:, he fent in fome Men, who got thro' and
forced one of the Gates, fo that he was within the Town, before
Marefchal Villeroy had any appreheniion of an Enemy being near
him : He wakened on the fudden with the noife, got out to
the Street, and there he was taken Prifoner. But the other
Body did not come up critically, at the time appointed : So
an IriJJj Regiment fecured the Bridge : And thus the Defign,
that was fo well contrived, and fo happily executed in one
part, did fail. Prince Eugene had but four thoufand Men
with him, fo that fince the other Body could not join him, lie
was forced to march back, which he did without any confide-
rable lofs, carrying Marefchal Villeroy and fome other Prifoners
with him. In this attempt, tho' he had not an entire Succefs, yet
he gained all the Glory, to which the ambition of a Military
Man could afpire, fo that he was looked on as the greateft and
happieft General of the Age : He went on enlarging his Quar-
ters, fecuring all his Pofts, and ftraitning the Blockade of Man-
tua-i and was in perpetual motion during the whole Winter :
The French were ftruck with this ill fuccefs ; More Troops were
fent into Italy^ and the Duke of Vendome went to command
the Armies there.

The Duke of Savoy was preffed to fend his Forces thither : King 'Phi-
But he grew cold and backward ; He had now gained all that cdom.
he could promife himfelf from France : His Second Daughter
was married to King Philip, and was fent to him to Barcelona,
and he came and met her there : Philip fell into an ill habit

of

288 The llisTOKY of the Reign

1 70 1 of Body, and had fome returns of a Feverifli Diftemper: He
L-*?''^*'^ h'ad alfo great difputes with the States of Catalo?iia^ who, be-
fore they would grant him the Tax that was asked of them,
propofed that all their Privileges fhould ht confirmed to them.
This took up fome time, and occafioned many difputes : all
was fettled at laft : But their Grant was fhort of what was ex-
peded, and did not defray the charges of the King's ftay in-
the place. A great difpofition to revolt appeared in the King-
dom of Naples^ and it broke out in fome feeble attempts, 'that
were foon mattered, the Leaders of thefe were taken and exe-
cuted : They juftified themfelves by this Apology, that till the
Pope granted the Inveftiture, they could not be bound to obey
the new King : The Duke of Medina was a fevere Governor,
hoth on his Mailer's account and on his own : Some of the
Atifirimi Party made their efcape to Rome and to Vienna : They
reprefented to the Emperor, that the difpofition of the Coun-
try was fuch, in his favour, that a fmall Force of ten thoufand
Men, would certainly put that Kingdom wholly into his
hands. Orders were upon that fent to Prince Eugene^ to fend a
Detachment into the Kingdom of Naples : But tho' he believed,
a fmall Force would foon redyce that Kingdom, yet he judged
that fuch a diminution of his own ftrength, when the French
were fending fo many Troops into the Milanese, would fo
expofe him, that it would not be poflible to maintain a defen-
five, with fuch an unequal Force : Yet repeated Orders came
to him to the fame effed ; but in oppofition to thofe, he made
fuch reprefentations, that at laft it was left to himfelf, to do
what he found fafeft and moft for the Emperor's Service ; with
that the matter was let fall, and it foon appeared, that he had
judged better than the Court of Vienna : but this was, by his
Enemies, imputed to humour and obftinacy : So that for fome time
after that, he was neither confidered nor fupported, as his great
Services had deferved. This might flow from envy and malice,
which are the ordinary growth of all Courts, chiefly of feeble
ones : Or it might be a pradice of the French, who had corrupt-
ed moft Courts, and that of Vienna in particular ; fince nothing
could more advance their ends, than to alienate the Emperor
from Prince Eugene ; which might fo far difguft him, as to
make him more remifs in his Service.
The War in Our Fleets lay all this Summer idle in our Seas, on a bare
'Poland, defenflve ; -while the French had many Squadrons in the Spa-
nijh Ports, and in the Weji-Indies. In the North, the War
went on ftill 5 The King of Sweden pafl!ed the Duna, and fell
on an Army of the Saxons, that lay on the other fide, over
^ againft

:. ijf king William J1J[>\ 489

ligainft Rigay and routed them fo entirely, that he was Mafter of i^oi
their Camp and Artillery. From thence he marched into Cour^ u^''^/■^»J
land, where no Reli/lance was made : Mittaw^ the chief Town,
fiibmitted to him : The King of Poland drew his Army into
Lithuania, which was much divided between the Saphias and
Oginskii: So that all thofe parts were breaking into much confufioni
The Court of Vienna pretended, they had made a great djf-
covery of a Confpiracy in Hungary : It is certain, the Germany
play'd the Mafters very feverely in that Kingdom, fo that all
places were full of complaints, and the Emperor was fo be-
lieged, by the Authors of thofe Opprefiions, and the Proceed-
ings were fo fummary upon very flight groiinds, that it was not
to be wondered, if the Hungarians were difpofed to lliake off
the yoke, when a proper opportunity fhould offer itfelf : and it
is not to be doubted, but the French had Agents among them^
by the way of Poland as well as of Turky, that {o the Emperor
might have work enough at home.

This was the ftatd of the Affairs of Europe this Sumnier. SeveVat Kf:
Several Negotiations were fecretly carried on; The Eledtor of 2°"*"°""
Cologn was entirely gained to the French Intereft, but was re-
Iblved not to declare himfelf, till his Brother thought fit Hkewife
to do it : All the progrefs that the French made with the two
Brothers this Summer, was, that they declared for a Neutrality,
and agairift a War with France: The Dukes of Wolfemhuttle
and Saxe Gotha, were alio engaged in the fame defign ; They
made great Levies of Troops, beyond what they them-
felves could pay, for which it was vilible that they were fup-
plied from France :■ Here was a formidable appearance of great
diftradlions in the Empire. An Alliance was alfo projeded with
the King of Portugal : His Minifters were in the French In-
terefts, but he himfelf inclined to the Aujirian Family : He for
fomc time affeftcd Retirement, and avoided the giving Audi-
ence to Foreign Minifters : He faw no good profped; from Eng-
land-, So being prefled to an Alliance with France, his Minifters
got leave from him to propofe one, on terms of fuch advantage to
him, that as it was not expected they could be granted ; fo it
was hoped this would run into a long Negotiation : But the
French were as liberal in making latge promifes, as they were
perfidious in not obferving them : So the King of France agreed
to all that was propofed, and figned a Treaty purfuant to it,
and publiftied it to the World ; Yet the King of Portugal de-
nied that he had confented to any fuch Projeft : and he was fo
hardly brought to fign the Treaty, that when it was brought to

V o L. II. E e c e hiiU^

A Parlia-
ment in
Scotland,

Affairs in
Irelaud,

ZOO TWVL\^"t OK\ of the Reign

1 701 him, he threw it down, and kickt it about the Room, as our
U^^V'^sJ Envoy wrote over : In concluiion however, he was prevailed on
to lign it : But it was generally thought, that when he fhould
fee a good Fleet come from the AUies, he would obferve this
Treaty with the French, as they have done their Treaties with
all the reft of the World. Spain grew uneafy and difcontent-^
ed under a French Management : The Grandees were little con-
fidered, and they faw great defigns, for the better condutft of the
Revenues of the Crown, likely to take place every where, which
were very unacceptable to them, who minded nothing fo much
as to keep up a vaft Magnificence, at the King's Coft. They
faw themlelves much defpifed by their new Mafters, ias there
was indeed great caufe for it ; They had too much pride to bear

this well, and too little courage to think how! they fliould fhake

it off '"'-'^ ^'f'r- ;/. b"/! '- '; ^ ... ^\yivM\({h -A o" 1(ki r.f

But now to return to our Affairs at home, the Duke of
^eensbury was fent down to hold a Parliament in Scotlarul\
where people were in fo bad a humour, that much pradice was
neceffary to bring them into any temper. They pafled many
angry Votes upon the bufinefs of Darien, but in conclufion
the Seflion ended well. The Army was reduced one half, and
the Troops that were ordered to be broke, were fent to the States,
who were now encreafing their Force : This Seflion was chiefly
managed by the Duke of ^eensbury and the Earl of Argyle,
and in reward for it, the one had the Garter, and the other was
made a Duke.

In Ireland, the Truftees went on to hear the Claims df iehe
Irijh, and in many cafes, they gave judgment in their favour :
But now it began to appear, that whereas it had been given out,
that the Sale of the confifcated Eftates would amount to a
Million and a half, it was not like to rife to the third part
of that Sum : In the mean while, the Truftees lived in great
State there, and were Mafters of all the Affairs of that King-
dom : But no propofitions were yet made for the purcha-
fing of thofe Eftates : During the King's abfence, the Nation
was in a great ferment, which was increafed by many Books
that were wrote, to expofe the late Management in the Houfe
;of Commons, and the new Miniftry, the Earl of Rochejier in
jparticular, who was thought the driver of all violent motions :
The few Books that were publiihed, on the other fide, were
fo poorly writ, that it tempted one to think, they were writ by
men who perfonated the being on their fide, on defign to ex-
pofe them. The Earl of Rochejier delayed his going to Ireland

very

of King William IIL ^91

Very long: He perceived that the King's heart was not with, 17011
him, and was very uneafy at that : as on the other hand, th« ^-<J'^''*^
King complained much of his inrradable temper and imperious-
manner, and by his intercourfe with him, the King came to fcc
that he was not the man he had taken him for ; tltat he had no
great nor clear notions of Affairs abroad, and thatj inftead of
moderating the violence of his Party, he inflamed them ; fti.
that he often faid, that the year, in which he diredted tlic Counti
oils, was one of the uneaficft of his whole Life. Thfe Eafl of
Rochefler finding the King's coldnefs towards him, expoftulated
witli him upon it, and laid, he could fervc him no longer, lincc
he faw he did not truft him. The King heard this v/ith his
ufual flegm, and concluded upon it, that he (hould kc him no
more : But Harley made him a little more fubmiflirc and to.*-
wardly. After the King was gone beyond Sea, he alfo wedtl
into Irelandy there he ufed much art in obliging people of all
forts, DilTenters as well as Papifts : yet fuch confidence Was piit
in him by the High Church Party, that they bore every thing
at his hands ; It was not eafy to behave himfelf towards tht:
Truftees, fo as not to give a general diftafte to the Nation, for
they were much hated, and openly charged with partiality, in-
juftice, and corruption : That which gave the greateft difguf^
in his Adminiftration there, was, his ufage of the . reduced OP*
iicers, who were upon half pay, a Fund being fetded for that
by hSi of Parliament : They were ordered to live in Ireland^
and to be ready for Service there : The Earl of Rochefter calk
cd them before him, and required them to exprefs Under their
hands their readinefs to go and ferve in the Wefi-Indks ; Theiy*
did not comply with this : So he fet them a day for theii*
final Anlwer, and threaten'd, that they fhould have no more
appointments, if they flood out beyond that time. This was ,,

reprcfented to the King, as a great hardfhip put on them, and ' '

as done on defign to leave Ireland deflitute of the fervicey
that might be done by fo many gallant Officers, who were all
known to be well affefted to the prefent Government ; So the
King ordered a flop to be put to it.

I am now come to the laft period of the Life of the unfor- King
tunate King y antes : He had led for above ten yearsj a y^Tj.^^J^^'^
unadlive Hfe in France : After he had, in fo poor a rtiariner as
was told, abandoned firfl England and then Ireland, he had
enter'd into two Defigns, for recovering the Crowns^ \^rliiGh \m
nmy be faid more truly to have thrown away than lofl : The'
gne was broke by the defeat of the Fnnch Fleet at Sea before

Cher-

292 Thi HisTbRY^ the^Reigfi

1 701 Cherburg^ in the year 1692 : The other feemcd to be laid vvit|i
*-<5''*v'"'W more depth, as well as with more infamy, when an Army
was brought to Dunkirk^ and the defign of the Aflairination
was thought fure, upon which it was reafonably hoped, that
we muft have fallen into fuch convulfions, that we fhould have
been an eafy prey to an Army ready to invade us. The re-
proach, that fo black a contrivance caft upon him, brought him
under fo much contempt, that even the abfolute Authority of
the French Court could hardly prevail fo far, as to have com-
mon refpeft paid him after that. He himfelf feemed to be the
leaft concerned in all his misfortunes ; and tho' his Qiieen could
never give over meddling, yet he was the moft eafy, when he
was leaft troubled with thofe airy Schemes^ upon which flie
was ftill employing her thoughts. He went fometimes to the
Monaftery of L,a Irappe-t where the poor Monks were much
edified with his humble and pious deportment : Hunting was
his chief diverfion, and for the moft part he led a harmlefs, in-
nocent Life ; being ftill very zealous about his Religion. In
the opening of this year, he had been fo near Death, that it
was generally thought the decline of it would carry him off:
He went to Bourbon., but had no benefit by the Waters there v
In the beginning of September., he fell into fuch fits, that it was
concluded he could not live many days : The King of Francs'
came to fee him, and feemed to be much touched with the
fight : He, with fome difficulty, recommended his Queen and
Son to his care and protedion ; The French King anfwered, he
would reckon their Concerns as his own ; and when he Jeft
him, he promifed thofe of his Court, that he would, upon King
yafnes\ Death, own the Prince of Wales as King oi Fnglandy
and that he would take care of them all. King James died on
His Chirac- t:he 6th day of September. He was a Prince that feemed made
**'• for greater things, than will be found in the courfe of his Life,

more particularly of his Reign : He was efteemed in the for-
mer parts of his Life, a Man of great Courage, as he was
quite thro' it a man of great application to bufinels : He had no
vivacity of thought, invention or expreflion : But h^ had a good
judgment, where his Religion or his Education gave him not a
biafs, which it did very often : He was bred with ftrange No-
tions of the Obedience due to Princes, and came to take up as
ftrange ones, of the Submifiion due to Priefts : He was natural-
ly a man of truth, fidelity, and juftice : But his ReUgion was
fo infufed in him, and he was fo managed in it by his Priefts,
that the Principles which Nature had laid in him, had little

power

of King William III. 295

power over him, when the concerns of his Church flood in the 1701
way : He was a gentle Mafter, and was very eafy to all who u^^v^^
came near him : yet he was not io apt to pardon, as one ought
to be, that is the Vicegerent of that God, who is flow to an-
ger, and ready to forgive : He had no perfonal Vices but of
one fort : He was ftill wandring from one Amour to another,
yet he had a real fenfe of Sin, and was afhamed of it: But
Priefls know how to engage Princes more entirely into their in-
terefts, by making them compound for their Sins, by a great
zeal for Holy Church, as they call it. In a word, if it had
not been for his Popery, he would have been, if not a great
yet a good Prince. By what I once knew of him, and by what
1 faw him afterwards carried to; I grew more confirmed in
the very bad opinion, which 1 was always apt to have, of the
Intrigues of the Popifh Clergy, and of the Confeflbrs of Kings :
He was undone by them, and was their Martyr, fo that they ought
to bear the chief load of all the errors of his inglorious Reign,
and of its fatal Cataftrophe. He had the Funeral which hq
himfelf had defired, private, and without any fort of Ceremo-
ny : As he was dying, he laid nothing concerning the Legitimacy
of his Son, on which fome made fevere remarks : Others thought
that, having fpoken fo oft of it before, he might not refledt on
the fitnefs of faying any thing concerning it, in his laft cxtre-
inity» He recommended to him Firmnefs in his Religion, and
Juftice in his Government, if ever he fhould come to reign.
He iaid, that by his prafticc, he recommended Chriflian For-
givenefs to him, for he heartily forgave both the Prince of
Orange and the Emperor : It was believed, that the naming the
Emperor was fuggefted to him by the French^ to render the
Emperor odious to all thofe of that Religion.

Upon his Death, it was debated in the French Council what The pre-
was !it to be done, with relation to his pretended Son : The ^^^^^^ ^f
Miniftry adviled the King to be paflivc, to let him afllime what Wain own.
Title he pleafed, but that, for fome time at leaft, the King tdg j-J-py
fhould not declare himfelf; This might be fome reftraint on the Court.
King of England^ whereas a prefent Declaration muft precipi-
tate a Rupture : But the Dauphin interpofed with fome heat,
for the prefent owning him King : He thought the King was
bound in honour to do it : He was of his Blood, and was dri-
ven away on the account of his Religion ; So Orders were
given to proclaim him at St. Germains. The Earl of Manchef-
ter^ then the King's AmbafTador at Paris, told me, that hi^
own Court was going about it ; But a difficulty, propofed by the

Vol. II. F f f f Earl

294 ^^ History of the Reign

1 701 Earl of MiddletouHy put a ftop to it; He apprehended, that it
u^^'v^'^iJ would look very ftrange, and might provoke the Court of
France^ if among his Titles he fhould be called King of France \
and it might difguft their Party in England^ ^f it was omit-
ted : So that piece of Ceremony was not perform.ed : Soon af-
ter this, the King of Spain owned him, fb did the Pope and
the Duke of Savoy : And the King of France prefled all other
Princes to do it, in whofe Courts he had Minifters, and pre-
vailed on the Pope, to prefs the Emperor and other Popifh
Princes to own him, tho' without effed:. The King looked up-
on this, as an open violation of the Treaty of Ryfwick, and
he ordered the Earl of Manchejier to leave that Court, with-
out asking an Audience. The French pretended, that the bare
owning of his Title, (ince they gave him no afTiftance to make
good his Claim, was not a breach of the Treaty : But this
could not pals on the World, fince the owning his Right was
a plain Declaration, that they would afTift him in claiming
it, whenfoever the ftate of their affairs fhould allow of it.
With which This gave a univerfal diftafte to the whole Englijh Nation t
the Eiigiip all people feemed pofTefTed with a high indignation upon it, to

Nation was A _r . i^ ° ° . r i

inflamed, icc a Torcign Fowcr, that was at Peace with us, pretend to
declare who ought to be our King : Even thofe, who were per-
haps fecretly well pleafed with it, were yet, as it were forced,
for their own fafety, to comply with the general fenfe of the
reft in this matter : The City of London began, and all the Na-
tion followed, in a fet of Addrefles, expreflirig their abhorrejice of
what the French King had done, in taking upon him to declare
who fhould be their King, and renewing a Vow of Fidelity to
the King, and to his Succeflbrs, according to the A6t of Set-
tlement. A great diverfity of Stile appeared in thefe AddrefTes,
Ibme avoided to name the French King, the Prince of JValeSy
or the Ad of Settlement, and only refleded on the Tranfac-
tion in France^ in general and loft words : But others carried
the matter farther, encouraging the King, to go on in his Al-
liances, promifing him all faithful afUftancc in fupporting them,
and afTuring him that, when he fhould think fit to call a new
Parliament, they would choofe fuch Members as fhould concur
in enabling him to maintain his Alliances : This raifed the Di-
vifions of the Nation higher. All this Summer the King conti-
nued at Lo9^ in a very ill ftate of health : New methods gave
fome relief: But when he came to the Hague^ on his way to
England^ he was for fome days in lb bad a Condition, that
2 they

of King William IIL ? 29;

they were in great fear of his Life: He recovered, ' and came 1701
over in the beginning of November. L-(5''^/"'^

The firll thing that fell under Debate, upon his return, was, a new Pir-
whether the ParUament fhould be continued, or diflblved and a^'^"'^"'""*
new one called ; Some of the leading Men of the former Par-
liament had been fecretly askt, Iiow they thought they would
proceed, if they fhould meet again : of thefe, while fome an-
Ivvered doubtfully, others faid pofitively, they would begin
where they had left off, and would infift on their Im-
peachments. The new Miniftry ftruggled hard againft a
Diflblution, and when they faw the King refolved on it, fome
of them left his Service. This convinced the Nation, that the
King was not in a double game, which had been confidently
given out before, and was too^ eafily believed by many : The
heats in Elections encreafed with every new Summons. This
was thought fo critical a conjuncture, that both fides exerted
their full ftrength. Moft of the great Counties, and the chief
Cities, chofe Men tliat were zealous for the King and Govern-
ment, but the rotten part of our Conftitution, the fmall Bur-
rouglis, were in many places wrought on to choofe bad men ;
iiponj:th,e whole however, it appeared, that a clear Majority
was in the King's Jnterefts, yet the adivity of the apgry fide
was fuch, that theyr^ad a Majority in choofing the Speaker, and
in determining cpntrpverted Eledions ; but in matters of Publick
concern, tilings wei>t on as the King defired, and as the Inte-
reft of the Nation required.

fe,yh,e King opened the Parliament with the beft Speech that The King's
e, or perhaps any other Prince ever made to his People : He Speech.
laid the ftate of our Affairs, both at home and abroad, before
them in a moft pathetical manner ; He laid it upon them to
confider the dangers they were in, and not to encreafe thefe,
by new divifions amo^ng themfelves ; He exprefled a readinels
to forgive all Offences againft himfelf, and wiftied they would
as readily forgive one another ; fo that no other divifion might
remain, but that of Englijh and Frenchy Proteftant and Papift ;
He had enter'd into fome Alliances, purfuant to the Addreffes
of the laft Parliament, and was negotiating fome others, all
which fhould be laid before them, and this was accordingly
done. Both Houfes began with Addreffes, in which they did
very fully renounce the Prince of Wales ; The Houfe of Lords
ordered that all fuch as were willing to do it, fhould fign the
Addrefs, that was enter'd into their Books. This was without
a Precedent, an^^ yp,t i^ was promoted by thofe, who, as was

thought.

296 The History (9^ the Reign

1 701 thought, hoped by fo unufual a practice, to prevent any further
W^'V"^ proceedings on that head. No exception was made to any Ar-
ticle of the AlHances : One addition was only propofed, that
no Peace iliould be made, till a full reparation was offered to
the King, for the Indignity done him, by the French King's de-
claring the pretended Prince of Wales King of England %
which was foon after propofed to the Allies, and was agreed
All were to to by them all. By the AUiances, the King was obliged to
a War. fumifh forty thoufand Men to ferve in the Armies, befides
what he was to do by Sea : All was confented to in every
particular ; angry men fhewed much rancour againft the King,
and tried to crofs every thing that was propofed, both as to
the Quota's of the Troops we were to furnifh, and as to the
ftrength of our Fleet. But the Publick Intereft was now fb vi-
fible, and the concurrent fenfe of the Nation ran fo vehement-
ly for a War, that even thofe who were moft averfe to it,
found it convenient to put on the appearance of zeal for it.
The City of London was now more united, than it had been at
any time during this Reign, for the two Companies that trad-
ed to the Eaji- Indies^ faw that their Common Intereft required
they fliould come to an agreement ; and tho' men of ill de-
figns did all they could to obftrudt it, yet in concluflon it was
happily effefted. This made the body of the City, which was
formerly much divided between the two Companies, fall now
into the fame meafures. But thofe, who intended to defeat all
this good beginning of the Seflion, and to raife a new flame,
' fet on Debates that muft have embroil'd all again, if they had
fucceeded in their defigns : They began with Complaints of
fome Petitions and Addreffes, that had refleded on the Pro-
ceedings of the laft Houfe of Commons ; but it was carried a-
gainft them, that it was the Right of the Subjects to petition as
they thought themfelves aggrieved : yet they were not difcou-
raged by this, but went on to complain, that the Lords had deni-
ed Juftice in the matter of the Impeachments. This bore a
long and hot Debate in a very full Houfe : But it was carried,
tho' bv a fmall Majority, that Juftice had not been denied
them t After this, the Party gave over any farther ftruggling, and
things were carried on with more unanimity.
The pre- The Houfe of Commons began a Bill of Attainder of the
p'-'^^'* of pretended Prince of Wales^ this could not be oppofed, much
Wales at- lefs ftopt ; yet many jQiewed a coldnefs in it, and were abfent on
tainted. ^j^^ ^^^^ -j^ which it was ordered to be read : It was fent up to
the Lords, and it paft in that Houfe, with an addition of an

Attainder

'' of I^mg William IIL^ 297

Attainder of the Queen, who a6led as Queen Regent for him. 1701
This was much oppofed ; for no Evidence could be brought to L-tf^^^/'^^iJ
prove that Allegation, yet the thing was fo notorious, that it
paft, and was fent down again to the Commons. It was ex-
cepted to there as not regular, fince but one Precedent in King
Henry the Eighth's time was brought for it, and in that the
Commons had added fome names, by a claufe in a Bill of At-
tainder, fent down to them by the Lords ; yet as this was a
fingle Precedent, fo it feemed to be a hard one : Attainders by
Bill were the greateft rigours of the Law, fo ftretches in them
ought to be avoided : It was therefore thought more proper to
attaint her by a Bill apart, than by a Claufe in another Bill :
To this the Lords agreed, fo the Bill againfl the pretended
Prince of Wales paft. The Lords alfo paft a new Bill, attaint-
ing the Queen, but that was let deep in the Houfe of Commons.

The matter, that occafioned the longeft and warmeft De-AnAafor
bates in both Houfes, was an A6t for abjuring the pretended objuring
Prince of fVales, and for fwearing to the King, by the Title of
Rightful and Lawful King, and to his Heirs, according to the
Ad: of Settlement: This was begun in the Houfe of Lords and
the firft defign was, that it fhould be voluntary, it being only
to be tender'd to all perfons, and their fubfcription or refufal
to be recorded, without any other penalty. It was vehemently
oppofed by all the Tory Party, at the head of whom the Earl
of Nottingham fet himfelf. They who argued againft it, faid,
that this. Government was firft fettled witli another Oath, which
was like an Original Contrad, and it was unjuft and unreafon-
able to offer a new one : There was no need of new Oaths, as
there was no new ftrength got by them ; Oaths, relating to
mens opinions, had been always looked on as fevere Impoli-
tions : A voluntary Oath feemed to be by its nature unlawful ;
for we cannot fwear lawfully, unlefs we are required to do it.
To all this it was anfwered, that in ancient time, the Oath of
Allegiance was fhort and fimple, becaufe then it was not thought
that Princes had any right, other than what was conveyed to
them by Law : But of late, and indeed very lately, new Opi-
nions had been ftarted of a Divine Right, with which former
times were not acquainted : So it was neceffary to know, who
among us adhered to thefe opinions : The prefent Government
was begun upon a comprehenfive foot, it being hoped, that all
Parties might have been brought to concur in fupporting it :
But the effeds had not anfwered expedation : Diftindions had
been made between a King de jure and a King de faSio ; by

V o L. n. G g g g thefe

^98 The History of the Reign

1701 thefe men plainly declared, with whom they believed the right
^-f'Tv^^'^ was lodged : This opinion muft, whenfoever that Right comes
to be claimed, oblige thofe who hold it, to adhere to fuch Clai-
mers : It feemed therefore in fome fort neccilary, that the
Government lliould know, on whom it might depend : The
difcrimination made, by fuch a Teft, was to be without com-
pullion or penalty : no hardiliip was put on any perfon by it :
Thofe who refufed to give this fecurity, would fee what, jufh
caufe of jealoufy they gave : and would thereby be oblio-ed, to
behave themfelves decently and with due caution : When a Go-
vernment tender'd an Oath, tho' under no penalty, that was
a fufEcient authority for all to take it, who were fatisfied with
the fubftance of it : While therefore, there was fo great a power
beyond Sea, that did fo openly efpoufe this young man's preten-
fions, and while there was juft grounds to fufped, that many
at home favoured him, it feemed very reafonable to offer a me-
,; thod, by which it fhould appear, who obeyed the prefent Go-

vernment from a Principle, believing it Lawful^ and who fub-
mitted only to it, as to a profperous Ufurpation. About twen-
ty Lords perlifted in their oppolition to this Bill, thofe who
were for it being thrice that number: But, in the Houfe of
Commons, when it appeared how the Lords were inclined, they
refolved to bring in a Bill, that fliould oblige all perfons to take
this Abjuration. It was drawn by Sir Charles Hedges \ All
Imployments in Church or State were to be fubjcdi to it ;
Some things were added to the Abjuration, fuch as an obliga-
tion to maintain the Government in King, Lords, and Com-
mons, and to maintain the Church of England^ together with
the Toleration for Diffenters : Finch offered an alteration to the
Claufe, abjuring the Prince of Wales^ fo that it imported only
an obligation not to affift him ; but tho' he preffed this with
unufual vehemence, in a Debate that he refumed feventeen
times in one Seffion, againft all rules, lie had few to fecond
him in it : The Debate, whether the Oath fhould be impofed
.or left free, held longer : it was carried, but by one Vote, to
impofe it ; The Party chofe that, rather than to have it left
free : for they reckoned the taking an Oath that was impofed,
was a part of their fubmifllon to the Ufurpation ; but the tak-
ing any Oath, that ftrengthened the Government, of their own
accord, did not fuit with their other Principles : But to help
the matter with a fhew of zeal, they made the Claufe that im.-
pofed it very extenfive, fo that it comprehended all Clergymen,
Fellows of Colleges, Schoolmaflers, and private Tutor::. : The

Claufe

of King William III. ^ 299

Claufe of maintaining the Government in King, Lords, and 1701
Commons, was rejedcd witli great indignation ; fince the Go- U5^'v""'!!>J
vernment was only in the King : The Lords and Commons be-
ing indeed a part of the Conftitution, and of the Lcgiflative
Body, but not of the Government. This was a bare-faced Re-
publican Notion, and was wont to be condemned as fuch, by
the fame perfons who now prefled it. It was farther faid, that
if it appeared that our Conftitution was in danger, it might
be reafonable to fecure it by an Ad: and an Oath apart : but
lince the fingle point, that required this Abjuration, was the
French King's declaring, that the pretended Prince of Wales
was our King, it was not fit to join matters foreign to that in
this Oath : Upon the fame reafbn, the Claufe in favour of the
Church, and of the Toleration were alfo laid afide. The de-
fign of this Adt was to difcover to all, both at home and a-
broad, how unanimoufly the Nation concurred in abjuring the
pretended Prince of Wales : But here was a claufe, to one part
of which (the maintaining the Church) the Diflenters could not
fwear ; and even the more moderate men of the Church, who
did well approve of the Toleration, yet might think it too much
to fwear to maintain it ; fince it was reafonable, to oblige the
Difl'enters to ufe their Liberty modeftly, by keeping them un-
der the apprehenfion of having it taken away, if it was abufed
by them. One addition was offered, and received without any
Debate about it, or the fhadow of any oppofition : It was de-
clared to be High Treafon, to endeavour to prevent or defeat
the Princefs's Right of SuccefTion : The Tories pretended great
zeal for her, and gave it out that there was a defign to fet her
afide, and to have the Houfe of Hanover to fucceed the King
immediately ; tho' it could never be made appear, that any mo-
tion of this kind had ever been, either made or debated, even
in private difcourfe, by any of the whole Whig Party. Great
endeavours were ufed, and not altogether without effect, to in-
fufe this jealoufy into the Princels, and into all about her, not
without infinuations, that the King himfelf was inclined to it.
When this Claufe was offered, its being without a Precedent,
gave handle enough to oppofe it, yet there was not one Word
faid in oppofition to it, in either Houfe, all agreeing heartily
in it. This ought to have put an end to the fufpicion, but fur-
mifes of that kind, when raifed on defign, are not foon parted
with.

Soon after the Sefiion was opened, the Earl of Rochejler wrote Affairs in
to the King, and asked leave to come over : it was foon grant- ^^^^'*"'^'
cd, but when he fignified this to the Council of Ireland^ the

whole

3 00 The History of the Reign

1 701 whole Board joined in a requeft to him, that he would lay be!-
u^'V*^^ fore the King the great Grievances, under which the whole
Kingdom lay, by the proceedings of the Truftees, who ftretch-
ed the Authority, that the Law gave them, in many inftances,
to the opprefllng of the Nation t He feemed utieafy at the mo-
tion, but promifed to lay it before the King, which he did at
his coming over. Soon after that. Petitions were fent round all
the Counties of Ireland^ and ligned by many, reprefenting
both the hardfhips of the Ad, and the fevere methods the
Truftees took in executing it : All this was believed, to be fet
on fecretly by the Court, in hope that fome temper might be
found in that matter, fo that the King's Grants might again take
place in whole or in part. The Houfe of Commons was mov-
ed, to proceed leverely againft the Promoters of thefe Petitions ;
yet the complaining of Grievances, had been fo often afierted to
be a Right of the Subjeft, that this was let fall : But fince no
perfon appeared, to juftify the Fads fet forth and fuggefted in
thofe Petitions, they were voted falfe and fcandalous, and this
ftopt a further progrefs in that method. The heat with which
that Ad had been carried was now much qualified, and the
Truftees having judged for fo many Claims in favour of Irijfj
Papifts, fhewing too manifeft a partiality for them, and having
now fate two years, in which they had confumcd all the Rents
that arofe out of the eonfifcated Eftates, the Houfe was applied
to for their interpofition, by many Petitions relating to that mat-
ter. This was the more neceflary, becaufe, as was formerly
told, when that Ad was pafling, they had paft a Vote againft
receiving any Petition, relating to it : The thing had now loft
much of the credit and value that was fet upon it at firft :
tho' the fame Party ftill oppofed the receiving any Petitions,
yet the current was now fo ftrong the other way, that they
were all received, and in a great many cafes juftice was done :
yet with a manifeft partiaHty, in favour of Papifts ; it being a
maxim, among all who favoured King yames\ Interefts, to ferve
Papifts, efpecially thofe whofe Eftates were eonfifcated for ad-
hering to him. One motion was carried, not without difficulty,
in favour of thofe, who had purchafed under the Grantees, and
had made great improvements, that they fhould be admitted to
purchafe, with an abatement of two years value of the Eftates ;
The Earl of Athlone^ whofe cafe was fingular, as was formerly
fet out, having fold his Grant to men, who had reafon to think
they had purchafed under a fecure Title, a fpecial Claufe was
offered in their favour ; but the Party had ftudied fo far to in-
flame the Nation againft the Dutcbj that in this the Votes

were

of A74^' William III. joi

Were equal, and the Speaker's Vote being to turn tfie matter, he 1 7c x
^ave it againft the Purchafers. Many BilJs were brought in ^x^'V^^^
relating to Irijh Forfeitures, which took up the greateft part of
the Seffion.

The Commons, after a long delay, lent up the Bill, abjuN
ing the Prince of Wales. In the Houfe of Lords, the Tories
oppofed it all they poflibly could : It Was a new Bill, fo th^
Debate was Entirely open : They firft moved for a Claufc, ex-*
cufing the Peers from it : If this had been received, the Bill
would have been certainly loft< for the Commons would nevef
have yielded to it : "When this was rejedted, they tried to have
brought it back to be Voluntary : It was a ftrange piece of in-
confiftence in men, to move this, who had argued even againft
the lawfulnefs of a voluntary Oath ; but it was vifible they in-
tended by it only to lofe or at leaft to delay the Bill : When
this was over- ruled by the Houfe, not without a mixture of
indignation in fome againft the movers ; They next offered all
thofe Claufes, that had been rejected in the Houfe of Com-
mons, with fome other very ftrange additions, by which they
difcovered both great weaknefs, and an inveterate rancour a-
gainft the Government ; but all the oppofition ended in a Pro-
teftation of nineteen or twenty Peers againft the Bill.

And now I am arrived at the fatal period of this Reign. The 170^
King feemed all this Winter in a very fair way of recovery ; kuts^^^)^
He had made the Royal Apartments 'wi Hampton-Court very inJefs^nl^
noble, and he was fo much pleafed with the Place, that he ^^' ^^°™ •^'^
went thither once a week, and rode often about the Park : In
the end of February^ the Horfe he rode on ftumblcd, and he,
being then very feeble, fell off and broke his Collar-bone : He
feemed to have no other hurt by it, and his ftrength was then
fo much impaired, that it was not thought neceffary to let him
Blood, no Symptom appearing that required it : The Bone was
well fet, and it was thought there was no danger : fo he was
brought to Kenfington that night : He himfelf had apprehended
all this Winter, that he was finking ; he faid to the Earl of PortA.
land, both before and after this accident, that he was a dead
man : It was not in his Legs, nor now in his Collar-Bone, that
he felt himfelf ill, but all was decayed within, fo that he be-
lieved he fhould not be able to go thro' the fatigue of anothef
Campaign. During his illnefs, he fent a Meflage to the Two
Houfes, recommending the Union of both Kingdoms to them. '
The occafion of this was, a Motion that the Earl of Nottingham
had made, in the Houfe of Lords, when the Ad of Abjuratioft
Vol. n. Hhhh was

302 The History of the Reign

1702 was agreed to: He faid, tho' he had differed from the Majori-
K^^^'^^^y"^ ty of the Houfe, in many particulars relating to it, yet he was
fuch a friend to the defign of the Ad, that in order to the
fecuring a Proteftant Succeflion, he thought an Union of the,
whole Illand was very neceffary ; and that therefore, they fhoiild
confider how both Kingdoms might be united ; but in order
to this, and previous to it, he moved, that an Addrefs fhould
be made to the King, that he would be pleafed to diffolve the
Parliament now fitting in Scotland^ and to call a new one:
Since the prefent ParHametit was at firft a Convention, and then
turned to a Parliament, and was continued ever fmce, fo that
the Legality of it might be called in queftion : and it was necef-
fary, that fo important a thing, as the Union of both King-
doms, fhould be treated in a Parliament, againft the Conftitution
of which no exception could lie. The Motion was warmly op-
pofed; for that Nation was then in fuch a ferment, that the
calling a new Parliament would have been probably attended
with bad confequenees : So that Project was let fall, and no
progrefs was made upon the King's Meffage. On the third of
March^ the King had a fhort fit of an Ague, which he re-
garded fo little, that he faid nothing of it : It returned 011 him
next day : I happened to be then near him, and obferved fuch
a vifiblc alteration, as gave me a very ill opinion of his condi-
. tion: After that, he kept his Chamber till Fridays every day
it was given out that his Fits abated : On Friday, things had {o
melancholy a face, that his being dangeroufly ill was no lon-
ger concealed : There was now fuch a difficulty of breathing,
and his pulfe was fo funk, that the alarm was given out every
where : He had fent the Earl oi Albemarle over to Holland, to put
things in a readinefs for an early Campaign. He came back on the
^th of March in the morning, with fo good an account of every
thing, that, if matters of that kind could have wrought on the
King, it muft have revived him : but the coldnefs with which he
received it, fhewed how little hopes were left : Soon after, he faid
ye tire vers ma Jin^ (7 draw tmvards my end.) The Ad: of Ab-
juration, and the Money Bill, were now prepared for the Royal
Aflent : The Council ordered all things to be in a readinefs, for
the pafTmg of thofe Bills by a fpecial CommifTion, which ac-
cording to form muft be figned by the King, in the prefence of
the Lord Keeper and the Clerks of the Parliament : They
came to the King, when his Fit began, and ftayed fome hours
before they were admitted : Some in the Houfe of Commons
moved for an Adjournment, tho' the Lords had fent to them
not to adjourn for fome time : By this means, they hoped the

BiU

of King William III. 303

Bill of Abjuration fliould be loft; But it was contrary to all 1703
i-ules to adjourn, when fuch a Meflage was fent them by the ^--c^^sT"^
Lords, fo they waited till the King had figned the Commiiliort
and the Bills, and thus thofe Adls pafs'd in the laft day of the
King's Life.

The King's ftrength and pulfe was ftill finking, as the difEcul- And Death,
ty of breathing encreafcd, fb that no hope was left. The
Archbifhop of Canterbury and I went to him on Saturday morn-
ing, and did not ftir from hirri till he died. The Archbifhop
prayed on Saturday fome time with him, but he was then io
weak, that he could fcarce fpeak, but gave him his hand, as a
fign that he firmly believed the Truth 01 the ChriOian Religion,
and faid, he intended to receive the Sacrament : His reafon and
all his fenfes were entire to the laft minute : About five in the
morning he defired the Sacrament, and went thro' the Office
with great appearance of ferioufnefs, but could not exprefe
himfelf : When this was done, he called for the Earl of Albe-
inarle, and gave him a charge to take care of his Papers. He
thanked Mr. Auverquerque for his long and faithful fervices. He
took leave of the Duke of Ormonde and called for the Earl of
Portland-, but before he came, his Voice quite failed, fo he
took him by the hand, and carried it to his heart with great ten-
dernefs. He was often looking up to Heaven, in many fhort
Ejaculations ; between feven and eight a Clock the rattle began,
the Commendatory Prayer was faid for him, and as it ended, he
died, in the fifty fecond year of his Age, having reigned thir-
teen years and a few days. When his Body was opened, it
appeared that, notwithftanding the fwelling of his Legs, he had
no Dropfy : His Head and Heart was found : There was fcarce
any Blood in his Body : His Lungs ftuck to his Side, and by
the fall from his Horfe, a part of them was torn from it, which
occafioned an Inflammation, that was believed to be the imme-
diate caufe of his Death, which probably might have been pre-
vented for fome time, if he had been then let Blood. His
Death would have been a great ftroke at any time, but in our
circumftances, as they ftood at that time, it was a dreadful one.
The Earl of Portland told me, that when he was once encourag-
ing him, from the good ftate his affairs were in, both at home
and abroad, to take more heart ; the King anfwered him, that
he knew Death was that, which he had looked at on all occa-
fions without any terror, fometimes he would have been glad to
have been delivered out of all his troubles, but he confefled
now he faw another Scene, and could wifh to live a Httle lon-
ger. He died with a clear and full prefence of mind, and in

a

ter.

304 The History of the Reign

1702 a wonderful tranquillity: Thofe who knew it was his Rule all
^-^^""'^'^'^^ his Life long, to hide the impreflions that Religion made on
him, as much as pojfUble, did not wonder at his filence in
his laft minutes, but they lamented it much : They knew what
a handle it would give to cenfure and obloquy.
His Charac- Thus lived and died William the Third, King of Grcai-Bri~
tain, and Prince of Orange j He had a thin and weak Body,
was brown haired, and of a clear and delicate Conftitution i. He
had a Roman Eagle Nofe, bright and fparkling Eyes, a large
front, and a Countenance compofed to gravity and authority:
All his Senfes were critical and exquifite. He was always afth-
matical, and the dregs of the Small Pox faUing on his Lungs,
he had a conftant deep Cough. His Behaviour was folemn and
ferious, feldom cheerful, and but with a few : He ipoke little
and very flowly, and moft commonly with a di^ufting drynels,
which was his Charafter at all times, except in a day of Bat*'
tie : for then he was all fire, tho' without paflion : He was tlieri
every where, and looked to every thing. He had no great ad-
vantage from his Education ; De JVit\ Difcourfes were of
great ufe to him, and he, being apprehenfive of the obfer-
vation of thofe, who were looking narrowly into every thing
he faid or did, had brought himfelf under a habitual cau-
tion, that he could never fhake off, tho' in another fcene it
proved as hurtful, as it was then neceffary to his affairs : He
fpoke Dutch, French, Englijh and German equally well ; and
he underftood the Latin, Spanijh and Italian, (o that he
was well fitted to command Armies compofed of feveral
Nations. He had a Memory that amazed all about him, for
it never failed him : He was an exa<3: obferver of men and
things : His ftrength lay rather in a true difcerning and a found
judgment, than in imagination or invention : His Defigns were
always great and good : But it was thought he trufted too much
to that, and that he did not defcend enough to the humours of
his people, to make himfelf and his notions more acceptable to
them : This, in a Government that has fo much of freedom in
it as ours, was more neceffary than he was inclined to believe :
His refervednefs grew on him, fo that it dilgufted moft of thofe
who ferved him : but he had obferved the errors of too much
talking, more than thofe of too cold a filence. He did not
like contr^didion, nor to have his adions cenfured : but he
loved to imploy and favour thofe, who had the arts of com-
placence, yet he did not love Flatterers : His genius lay chiefly
to War, in which his courage was more admired than his con-
dud : Great errors were often committed by him, but his he-

roical

of King William III. ."^ 307

roical courage fet things right, as it inflamed thofe who were 1702
about him : He was too lavifli of money on fome occafions, both ^-^'V^yJ
in his Buildings and to his Favourites, but too fparing in re-
warding Services, or in encouraging thofe who brought Intelli-
gence : He was apt to take ill impreflions of people, and thefe
ftuck long with him ; but he never carried them to indeceqt
revenges : He gave too much way to his own humour, almoft
in every thing, not excepting that which related to his own
health : He knew all Foreign Affairs well, and undcrftood the
State of every Court in Europe very particularly : He inflruded
his own Minifters himfelf, but he did not apply enough to Af-
fairs at home : He tried how he could govern us, by ballancing
the two Parties one againft anodier, but he came at laft to be
perfuaded, that the Tories were irreconcilable to him, and he
was refolved to try and truft them no more. He believed the
Truth of the Chriftian Religion very firmly, and he exprefled a
horror at Atheifm and Blafphemy : and tho' there was much of
both in his Court, yet it was always denied to him, and kept
out of fight. He was moll exemplarily decent and devout,
in the publick exercifes of the Worfhip of God, only on week
days he came too feldom to them : He was an attentive hearer
of Sermons, and was conftant in his private Prayers, and in read-
ing the Scriptures: And when he fpoke of religious matters,
which he did not often, i\. was with a becoming gravity :
He was much poffefTed with the belief of abfblute Decrees:
He faid to me, he adhered to thefe, becaufe he did not fee
how the Belief of Providence could be maintained upon any
other Suppofition : His indifference as to the Forms of Church-
Government, and his being zealous for Toleration, together with
his cold Behaviour towards the Clergy, gave them generally very
ill impreflions of him : In his deportment towards all about
him. He feemed to make little diflindlion between the good
and the bad, and thofe who ferved well, or thofe who ferved
him ill : He loved the Dutch, and was much beloved among
them : but the ill returns he met from the Englijh Nation, their
jealoufies of liim, and their perverfenefs towards him, had too
much foured his Mind, and had in a great meafure alienated
him from them, which he did not take care enough to conceal,
tho' he faw the ill effeds this had upon his bufinefs. He grew,
in his laft years, too remifs and carelefs as to all Affairs ; till the
Treacheries of France awakened him, and the dreadful con-
jundion of the Monarchies gave fo loud an Alarm to all Ewope,
For a watching over that Court, and a beftirring himfelf againft
their pra6lices, was the prevailing paffion of his whole Life :
Vol. II. I i i i Few

3 o6 The H I s T o r' ¥^ th& FCe}gn

1702 Few men had the art of concealing and' governing PafHon
u?^v^ more than he had ; yet few men had ftronger PaiTions, which
were feldom felt but by inferior Servants, to whom he ufually
made fuch recompences, for any fudden or indecent vents he
might give his anger, that they were glad at every time, that it
broke upon them : He was too eafy to the faults of thofe about
him, when they did not lie in his own way, or crofs any of
his defigns : and h« was fo apt to think, that his Minifters mi^Iit
grow infolent, if they fhould find that they had much credit
with him, that he feemed to have made it a Maxim, to let them
often feel, how little power they had, even in fmall matters :
His Favourites had a more intire power, but he accuftomed
them only to inform him of things, but to be fparing in offer-
ing Advice, except when it was asked : It was not eafy to ac-
count for the reafons of the favour that he fhewed, in the high-^
eft inflanees, to V^o perfons beyond all others, the Earls of
Portland and Albemarle; they being in all refpeds men, not
only of different, but of oppofite Characters : Secrecy and Fi-
delity were the only qualities, in which it could be faid, that
they did in any fort agree. I have now run thro' the chief
branches of his Charadter ; I had occafion to know him well,
having obferved him very carefully in a courfe of Sixteen years :
I had a large meafure of his favour, and a free accefs to him
all the while, tho' not at all times to the fame degree : The
freedom, that I ufed with him, was not always acceptable :
but he faw that I ferved him faithfully, fo, after fome intervals
of coldnefs, he always returned to a good meafure of confi-
dence in me : I was, in many great inflances, much obliged by
him ; but that was not my chief biafs to him : I confidered
him, as a Perfon raifed up by God to refift the Power of France
and the progrefs of Tyranny and Perfecution : The Series of
the five Princes of Orange, that was now ended in him, was the
nobleft Succeffion of Heroes that we find in any Hiftory : And
the thirty years, from the year 1672 to his Death, in which he
aded fo great a part, carry in them fo many amazing fteps o^
a glorious and diftinguifhing Providence, that in the words of
Davidy he may be called, TTje man of God's right hand, whom
he made Jlrong for himfelf: After all the abatements, that may
be allowed for his Errors and Faults, he ought ftill to be rec-
koned among the greateft Princes that our Hiffory, or indeed
that any other, can afford. He died in a critical time for his
. own Glory ; fince he had formed a great Alliance, and had
projeded the whole Scheme of the War; fo that if it fucceeds,
a great part of the Honour of it will be alcribed to him : and

if

of King William III.

307

if otlherwire, it will be faid He was the Soul of the Alliance, 1702
that did both animate and knit it together,' and that it was na-^-^:?''^'"*^^
tiiral for that Body to die and fall afunder, when he who gave
it life, was withdrawn. Upon his Death, fome moved for a
magnificent Funeral ; but it feemed not decent to run into un-
necefl'ary Expence, when we were entring on a War, that muft
be maintained at a vaft charge : fo a private Funeral was refolv-
ed on. But for the Honour of his Memory, a noble Monument
and an Equeftrian Statue were ordered. Some years muft fhew
whether thefe things were really intended, or if they were only
fpoke of to excufc the Privacy of his Funeral, which was fcarcc
decent, fo far was it from being Magdificent.

iri

THE

ail MAI

'fr?r 1'

5.4tn ■'

I io ^u < ' noH 3jtfl ibi 3

THE

HISTORY

O F

My Own Times.

'S't**'S't*t**t1f*t'i'*'iP****t**************t't'*t****tt**t"J't*

BOOK VII.

Of the Life and Reign of ^een A n n £•

jY the Death of King William^ purfuant to the Adt rnoi
that had fettled the Succeflion of the Crown, it (^-(i^^v-^^j
devolved on Anne^ the youngeft Daughter ^^^^^^^^""^
King James, by his firft Marriage; She was
then entred on the Thirty eighth year of her Age.
Upon the King's Death, the Privy Council came in a body, to
wait on the new Queen : She received them with a well confi- iicr Firft
dered Speech : She expreffed great refpeft to the Memory of ^^^"^^^
the late King, in whofe fteps (he intended to go, for preferving
both Church and State, in oppofition to the growing Power
Vol. II. Kkkk of

3IO The History^ the Reign

1702 of France^ and for maintaining the SuccefTion in the Proteftant
K.'<^'^\r'^ Line : She pronounced this, as fhe did all her other Speeches,
with great weight and authority, and with a foftnefs of Voice
and fweetnefs in the pronunciation, that added much life to all
fhe fpoke. Thefe her iirft Expreflions were heard with great and
juft acknowledgments : Both Houfes of ParHament met that
day, and made Addrefles to her, full of refpedl and duty:
She anfwered both very favourably, and fhe received all that
came to her in fo gracious a manner, that they went frorri her
highly fatisfied with her goodnefs, and her obliging deport-
ment ; for fhe hearkened with attention to every thing that
was faid to her. Two days after, fhe went to the Parliament,
which, to the great happinefs of the Nation, and to the advan-
tage of her Government, was now continued to fit, notwith-
ftanding the King's Demife, by the Ad, that was made five
years before, upon the difcovery of the AflafTmation Plot. In her
Speech fhe repeated, but more copioufly, what fhe had faid to
the Council, upon her firfl Acceffion to the Throne : There
were two paflages in this Speech, that were thought not fb well
confidered : She afTured them, her Heart was entirely Englip :
This was looked on, as a reflexion on the late King : fhe alfo
added, that they might depend on her word : Both thefe Expref^
fions had been in her Father's firft Speech, how little foever they
were afterwards minded by him. The City of Londouy and all
the Counties, Cities, and even the fubaltern Bodies of Cities,
came up with AddrefTes : In thefe, a very great diverfity of Stile
was obferved, fome mentioned the late King in terms full of re-
fpedl and gratitude ; others named him very coldly : fome took
no notice of him, nor of his death ; and fimply congratulated
her coming to the Crown : and fome infinuated reflexions on
his Memory, as if the Queen had been ill ufed by him. The
Queen received all civilly, to mofl fhe faid nothing, to others fhe
exprelTed herfelf in general words, and fome things were given
out in her Name, which fhe difowned.
She purfues Within a week after her coming to the Crown, fhe fent the
fndtheWar.Earl of Marlborough to Holland, to give the States full affu-
rances of her maintaining the Alliances, that had been con-
cluded by the late King, and of doing every thing that the
common concerns of "Europe required : She gave notice alfo of
her coming to the Crown to all the Princes and States of Eu-
rope, except France and Spain. The Earl of Marlborough
flay'd fome days in Holland, to very good purpofe : The King's
Death had flruck them all with fuch a damp, that they need-
ed the encouragement of fuch a Meflage, as he brought them :
a When

of ^een Anne. 311

When they had the firft news of the King's Death, they ailem- 1702
bled together immediately, they looked on one another as men >-'^'"V*^
amazed : They embraced one another, and promifed they would
ftick together, and adhere to the interefts of their Countrey :
They fate up moft of the night, and fent out all the Orders
that were neceflary, upon fo extraordinary an emergency. They
were now much revived by the Earl of Marlborough\ prefence,
and by the temper that both Houfes of Parliament were in,
with relation to the AUiances, and the War with France : and
they entered into fuch Confidence with the Earl of Marlbo-
roughy that he came back as well fatisfied with them, as they
were with him. The Queen in her firft Speech, had asked of
the Commons the continuance of that Revenue, which fupport-
ed the Civil Lift, and it was granted to her for Life, very una-
nimoufly, tho' many feemed to apprehend, that fo great a Re-
venue might be applied to ufes, not fo profitable to the Pub-
Kck, in a Reign that was like to be frugal, and probably would
not be fubjed: to great accidents. When the Queen came to
pafs the Ad, and to thank the Parliament for it ; fhe faid, fhe
intended to apply one hundred thoufand pounds of it, to the
publick occasions of the prefent year : This was received with
great applaufe, and particular notice was taken of it, in all the
Addreffes that came up afterwards.

At the fame time, the Queen pafled a Bill for receiving and A Biu for
examining the Publick Accounts ; and in her Speech, fhe ex- Jccounts?^
preffed a particular approbation of that Bill : a Commiffion to
the fame effed had been kept up, for fix or feven years, during
the former Reign, but it had been let fall for fome years;
fince the Commiflloners had never been able to make any dif-
covery whatfoever, and fo had put the Publick to a confiderable
charge, without reaping any fort of fruit from it. Whether
this flowed from the weaknefs or corruption of the Com-
milTioners, or from the integrity or cunning of thofe, who
dealt in the Publick Money, cannot be determined. The Party
that had oppofed the late King, had made this the chief lub-
jed of their Complaints all the Nation over, that the Publick was
robbed, and that private men lived high, and yet raifed large
Eftates out of the Publick Treaiure : This had a great effed:
over E?igland j for all people naturally hearken to Complaints
of this kind, and very eafily believe them : It was alfo faid, to
excufe the fruitlelsnefs of the former Commiflions, that no dif-
coveries could be made, under a Miniftry, that would furely fa-
vour their under-workmen, tho' they were known to be Guilty.
One vifible caufe of mens raifing great Eftates, who were con-
cerned

312 The History of the Reign

1 70 2 cerned in the Adminiftration, was this, that for fome years the
K^^"^^ Parhament laid the Taxes upon very remote Funds, fo that, be-
lides the diftance of the term of Payment, for which Intereft
Avas allowed, the danger the Government itfelf feemed to be of-
ten in (upon the continuance of which the continuance and af-
fignment of thefe Funds was grounded) made that fome Tallies
were fold at a great difcount, even of the one half, to thofe
who would employ their Money that way, by which great ad-
vantages were made. The gain that was made, by robbing
the Coin, in which many Goldfmiths were believed to be deep-
ly concerned, contributed not a little to the railing thofe vaft
Eftates, to which fome had grown, as fuddenly as unaccounta-
bly. All thefe complaints were eafily railed, and long kept up,
on delign to caft the heavier load on the former Miniftry : This
made that Miniftry, who were fenfible of the mifchief this cla-
mour did them, and of their own innocence, promote the Bill
with much zeal, and put the ftrongeft Claufes in it, that could
be contrived to make it effedual. The Commiflioners named
in the Bill, were the hotteft men in the Houfe, who had railed
as well as kept up the clamour, with the greateft earneftnels.
One Claufe put in the A6t, was not very acceptable to the
Commiflioners ; for they were rendered incapable of all Im-
ployments, during the Commiflion : The A6t carried a Retro-
Ipedt quite back to the Revolution : It was given out, that great
diicoveries would be made by them, and the art and induftry
with which this was fpread over Efiglandy had a great effeft in
the Elections to the fucceeding Parliament. The Coronation
was on the i^d oi Aprils on St. Georges day ; it w^as perform-
ed with the ufual Magnificence ; The Archbifihop of York
preached a good and wife Sermon on the occafion : The Queen,
immediately after that, gave Orders for naming the Eleftorels
of Brunfwick in the Colled; for the Royal Family, as the next
Heir of the Crown ; and fhe formed a Miniftry.
A Minflry The coldncfs had continued between the King and her, to
formed. fuch a degree, that tho' there was a reconciliation after the
Queen's Death, yet it went not much farther, than what civility
and decency required : She was not made acquainted with pub-
lick Affairs ; She was not encouraged to recommend any to
Pofts of truft and advantage : Nor had the Miniftry Orders to
inform her how matters went, nor to oblige thofe about her :
Only pains had been taken to pleafe the Earl of Marlborough^
with which he was fully fatisfied : nothing had contented him
better, than the Command he had the former year of the Troops,
which wej-e fent to the afllftance of the States, The Whigs had

lived

1

^^ ' ^f %^^^ Anne. 313

lived at d great diftance with the Queen, all the former Reign: 1702
The Tories had made much noife with their zeal for her, chiefly ^-<?'"^/"'^
after the death of the Duke of Glocejier, tho' they came feldom
to her : Her Court was then very thin, (he lived in a due abftrac-
lion from bufinels ; fo that fhe neither gave jealouiy, nor ehcou-
raged faftion : Yet thefe things had made thofe impreflions on her,
that had at fir ft ill effeds, which were foon obferved and reme-
died. The late King had fent a Meflage to the Earl of Rochejiefy
fome weeks before he died, letting him know, that he had put an
end to his CommiiBon of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland^ but that
was not executed in form ; lb the Commiflion did ftill fubfift irt
his perfon : He was upon that now declared Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland. The Lord Godolphin was made Lord Treafurer : Thi§
was very uneafy to himfelt, for he refifted the motion long ; but
the Earl of Marlborough prefTed it in fo pofitive a manner, that
he faid he could not go beyond Sea to command our Armies, un-
lefs the Treafury was put in his hands ; for then he was fure that
remittances would be punctually made to him : He was declared
Captain General, and the Prince had the Title of Generaliflimo
of all the Queen's Forces by Sea or Land. It was for fome time
given out, that the Prince intended to go beyond Sea, to com-
mand the Armies of the Alliance, but this report foon fell; and it
was faid, the Dutch were not willing to truft their Armies to the
command of a Prince, who might think it below him to be limit-
ed by their Inftru<5l:ions, or to be bound to obey their Orders.
The late King had diflblved the Commiflion, for executing the Of-
fice of the Lord Admiral, and had committed that great Truft to
the Earl of Pembroke : The Secrets of that Board were fo ill kept,
and there was fuch a Fadion in it, that t\\t King refolved to put
it in a fingle perfon : The Earl of Pembroke was not eafily brought
to fubmit to it : He faw it would draw a heavy load on him, and
he was fenfible that by his ignorance of Sea Afiairs, he might com-
mit errors : yet he took good Officers to his aftiftance : He refolv-
ed to command the Fleet in perfon, and he took great pains to
put things in fuch Order, that it might be foon ready. A Land
Army was defigned to go with the Fleet, to the Command of which
the Duke of Ormond had been named : But upon new meafures,
the Earl of Pembroke was firft fent to, not to go to Sea in per-
fon, and foon after he was difmiflied from his Poft, with the of-
fer of a great Penfion, which he very generoufly refufed, tho'
the ftate of his Affairs and Family feemed to require it. The Prince
was made Lord High Admiral, which he was to govern by a
Council : the Legality of this was much queftioned, for it was a
new Court, which could not be aiithorized to ad, but by an AA
of Parliament : yet the refped paid the Queen made that no pub-
VpL. II. Li 11 lick

tion.

3 1 4 The History of the Reign

1702 lick queftion was made of this, fo that objections to it nevcf
\,/^'^=i>J went beyond a fecret murmur. The Earl of Nottingham and
Sir Cha?'les Hedges were ma3e Secretaries of State : I'he Tories
would truft none but the Earl of Nottingham^ and he would ferve
with none but Hedges ; The Maxim laid down at Court, was, to
put the direction of Affairs in the hands of the Tories. The Earl
of Marlborough affured me this was done, upon the promifes they
^ made to carry on the War, and to maintain the Alliances : if
they kept thefe, then Affairs would go on fmoothly in the Houfe
of Commons, but if they failed in this, the Queen would put her
bufmefs in other hands, which at that time few could believe.
The Marquifs of Normanby was, to the admiration of all men,
made Lord Privy Seal, and foon after Duke of Buckingham : The
Earl of Abington^ Vifcount Weymouth.^ Lord Dartmouth^ Seimour^
Mufgravey Greenvil, How, Lucan Gower, Harcourt, with feveral
others, who had, during the laft Reign, exprelTed the moft violent
and unrelenting averfion to. the whole Adminiftration, were now
brought to the Council Board, and put in good Pofts.
Few refufed Before the King's death, it was generally thought, that fome in
the Abjura- |^q^j^ Houfes, and many more over the Nation, would refufe the
Abjuration : They had oppofed it fo vehemently, that no lefs
could be expeded from them. Some went out of Town when
the day came, in which the Houfes refolved to try all their Mem-
bers ; but they foon came to other Refolutions, and with them
almoft the whole Party came and took the Oath, and profeffed
great zeal for the Queen, and an entire fatisfadion in her Title.
Some fufpeded this was Treachery, on defign to get the Govern-
ment once into their hands, that fo they might deliver it up, or at
leaft that they might carry a Parliament (o to their mind, that the
Ad might be repealed ; and they might think, that then the Oath
would fall with it. Diftindions were fet about among them, which
heightened thefe fufpicions ; for tho' in the Oath, they declared,
that the pretended Prince of Wales had not any Right whatfoever
to the Crown, yet in a Paper (which I faw) that went about a-
mong them, it was faid that Right was a term of Law, which
had only relation to Legal Rights^ but not to a Divine Rights or
to Birth Right : So fince that Right was condemned by Law,
they, by abjuring it, did not renounce the Divine Right y that he
had by his Birth. They alfo fuppofed, that this Abjuration could
only bind, during the prefent ftatc of things, but not in cafe of
another Revolution, or of a Conqueft : This was too dark a thing,
to be enquired after, or feen into, in the ftate matters were then
in. The Queen continued moft of the great Officers of the
Houfliold, all the Judges except two, and moft of the Lords
Lieutenants of Countiesj nor did £he make any change in the Fo-
reign

reign Miniftry. It was generally believed, that the Earl of Ro- 1702

chejler and his Party were for ievere methods, and for a more L^'V'VJ

entire change, to be carried quite thro' all fubaltern Imployments ;

But that the Lord Godolphin and the Earl of Marlborough wtrt

for more moderate proceedings : So that tho' no Whigs were put

into Imployments, yet many were kept ifi the Pofts they had been

put into during the former Reign. Repeated aflu ranees were

lent to all the Allies, that the Queen would adhere firmly to

them.

The Queen in her firft Speech to her Parliament, had renewed The Union
the Motion, maue by the late King, for the Union of both King- °^. ^^
doms : Many of thofe, who feemed now to have the greateft propofed.
(hare of her favour and confidence, oppofed it with much heat,
and not without indecent reflexions on the Scotch Nation ; yet it
was carried by a great Majority, that the Queen fhould be em-
powered to name Commilfioners, for treating of an Union • It
was fo vifibly the Intereft of England, aiid of the prefent Govern-
ment, to fhut that back door againft the pradices of France, and
the attempts of the pretended Prince of Wales, that the oppofition
made to this firft ftep towards an Union, and the indecent fcorn
with which Seimour and others treated the Scots, were clear indi-
cations that the Polts they were brought into, had not changed
their tempers : but that inftead of healing matters, they intended
to irritate them farther, by their reproachfijl Speeches. The Bill
went thro' both Houfes, notwithftanding the rough treatment it
met with at firft.

Upon, the Earl of Marlborough\ return from Holland, and in t^c War
purfuance of the concert at the Hague, the Queen communicated withpM»fff
to both Houfes her defign to proclaim War with France ; They ^"^^
approving of it. War was proclaimed on the fourth day of May s
The Houfe of Commons made an Addrefs to thank the Queen,
for ordering the Princefs Sophia to be prayed for : And as the
Right, that recommended her, was in her own Blood ; She was
defigned by her Chriftian Name, and not by her Title : It came
to be known that this was oppofed in Council by the Marquifs of
Normanby, but that it was promoted by the Lord Treafurer.

A Report was fpread about the Town, and over the Nation, A faife re-
with fuch a feeming alTurance, that maay were inclined to be- cgns againft
lieve it, that a Scheme had been found among the King's Pa- the Que-
pers, for fetting afidc the Queen ; Some added for imprifoning
her, and for bringing the Houfe of Hanover immediately into the
Succemon ; and that, to fupport this, a great change was to be
made in all the Imployments and Offices over the whole King-
dom : This, many of thofe, who were now in Pofts, had talked in
fo publick a manner, that it appeared they intended to poflefs the

whole

Zueen.

3 1 6 The History of the Reign

1702 whole Nation with a belief of it ; hoping thereby to alienate the!'
u?''^;''''*-' people from thofe, who had been in the late King's confidence,
and difgrace all that fide, in order to the carrying all Ele<5tions
of ParHament for Men of their Party. Five Lords had been or-
dered by the Queen to viiit the late King's Papers, and bring her
fuch of them, as related To the Alliances or other Affairs of the
Crown : Thefe were the Dukes of Somerfet and Devonpire^f ahd
the Earls of Marlborough^ J^'f^fyt ^^^ Albemarle : The Whigs
faw the defign which was driven at, by thofe falfc reports;, fo a
n Motion was made in the Houfe of Lords, by the Earl of Car-

lijle, and feconded by the Lords JVharton^ Halifax^ and others^
that an enquiry fhould be made, into the truth of that Report, and
of all other ftories of that kind, that fo, if there was any truth in
them^ fuch as had been concerned in thofe wicked deligns might
be punifhed ; and if they were found to be falfe, that thofe
who fpread them about, might be chaftifed. Upon this, th6
Houfe defired that thofe Lords, who had vilited the late King's
Papers, would let them know, if they had met with any among
them, relating to the Queen's SuccefHon, or to the Succefhon of the
Houfe of Hanover. Four of them were then in the Houjfe, only
the Earl of Marlborough was ill that day, fo the four who were
prefent faid, they had found nothing, that did in any fort relate to
that matter, and this was confirmed by the Earl of Marlborough
to fome Peers, who were fent by the Houfe, to ask him the fame
queftion. Upon which a Vote paft, that thefe Reports were falfe
and fcandalous ; and an Order was made for profecuting the
fpreaders of them. Some Books had been publifhed, charging the
late Miniftry, and the whole Whig Party with the hke defigns :
Thefe Books were cenfured, and the Authors of them were or-
dered to be profecuted ; tho' both the Marquifs of Normanby and
the Earl of Nottingham^ did all they could to excufe thofe Wri-
ters. When the falfhood of thofe Calumnies was apparent, then
it was given out, with an unufual confidence, that no fuch Re-
ports had been ever fet about ; tho' the contrary was evident,
and the thing was boldly afferted in thofe Books : So that a pe-
culiar meafure of afliirance was neceflary, to face down a thing,
which they had taken fuch pains to infufe into the minds of the
credulous Vulgar, all England over. The Earl of Nottingham^
to divert this Enquiry, moved, that another might be made into
thofe Books, in which the Murder of Xing Charles the Firft was
juftified ; tho' the provocation given to fome of thefe, was, by a
Sermon preached by Dr. Binh before the Convocation, on the
30/^ of January^ in which he drew a Parallel between King
Charles\ Sufferings and thofe of our Saviour : and, in fome very
indecent ExprefTions, gave the preference to the former. When
f.: the

of ^een Ann eI I uu . 5 1 7

tlie bufinefs of die Seil'ion of Parliament was all done, the Quetn 1 703
difmiil'ed them, with thanks for the money they had given, re- v.^^'^v-^^J
commending earneftly to them a good agreement among them- The Pariia-
felves, afluring them, that as on the one hand fhc would main- E-d'.* ^^ '
tain the Toleration, fo on the other hand, her own principles
would oblige her, to have a particular regard to thofe, who ex-
prefled the trueft zeal for the Church of England : Thus the
SefTion ended, and the Proclamation diflblving the Parliament,
with the Writs for a new one, came out not long after.

During fome part of this Parliament, a Convocation Hite : a Convoca-
The Faaion railed, in the Lower Houfe, had ftill the Majo- ''°" ^*'*''
rity ; Several Books were writ to fhew, that by our Conftitu-
tion, the power of Adjourning was wholly in the Archbifhop :
The Original Book of the Convocation, that fate in the year 1 661,
being happily found, it fhewed the pradice of that Convocation
agreed with the Bifliops in every particular ; But tho' it was com-
municated to the Lower Houfe, that had no eflcd: on them ; for
when Parties are once formed, and a refolution is taken up on
other confiderations, no Evidence can convince thofe, who have
before hand refolved to flick to their point. But the Prolocutor
dying, and the King's Death following, the Convocation was by
that difTolved : fince in the Ad:, that empowered the Parliament
to fit after the King's Death, no provifion was made to continue
the Convocation. The Earl of Rochejier moved in the Houfe of
Lords, that it might be confidered, whether the Convocation was
not a part of the Parliament, and whether it was not continued,
in confequence of the Ad, thdt continued the Parliament : But
that was foon let fall, for the Judges were all of Opinion, that it
was difTolved by die King's Death.

Upon the Queen's AccefHon to the Crown, all thefc angry men,
that had raifed this flame in the Church, as they treated the Me-
mory of the late King with much indecent contempt, fo they
feemed very confident, that for the future, all Preferments fliould
be diftributed among them (the Queen having fuperfeded the
Commiflion for Ecclefiaflical Preferments) and they thought they
were full of merit, and were as full of hopes.

Such an evil fpirit as is now fpread among the Clergy, would Societies for
be a fad fpeculation at any time, but in our prefent circumflances, '^ °'^™*"
when we are near fo great a crifis, it is a dreadful thing : But a
little to ballance this, I fhall give an account of more promiiing
beginnings and appearances, which tho' they are of an elder date,
yet of late they have been brought into a more regulated form,
in King yames\ Reign, the fear of Popery was fo flrong, as well
as juft, that many, in and about London^ began to meet often
together, both for Devotion, and for thqir further Inflruclion :

V o L. II, M m m m Things

tion.

3i8 The History of the Reign

1702 Things of that kind had been formerly pradifed, only among
<-<^^V^>J the Puritans and the Diflenters: But thefe were of the Church,
and came to their Minifters, to be afTifted with Forms of Prayer
and other direftions : They were chiefly conduded by Dr. Beve-
r'tdge and T)!. Horneck. Some difliked this, and were afraid it
might be the Original of new Fadlions and Parties ; but wifer
and better men thought, it was not fit nor decent to check a fpi-
rit of Devotion, at fuch a time : It might have given {candal,.and
it feemed a difcouraging of piety, and might be a mean to drive
well-meaning perfons over to the Diflenters. After the Revolu-
tion, thefe Societies grew more numerous, and for a greater en-
couragement to Devotion, they got fuch Colledions to be made,
as maintained many Clergymen to read Prayers in fo many places,
and at fb many different hours, that devout perfons might have
that comfort, at every hour of the day : There were conftant Sa-
craments every Lord's Day in many Churches : There were both
greater numbers and greater appearances of Devotion at Prayers
and Sacraments, than had been obferved in the memory of Man.
Thefe Societies refblved, to inform the Magiftrates of Swearers,
Drunkards, Profaners of the Lord's Day, and of Lewd Houfes ;
and they threw in the part of the Fine, given by Law to Inform-
ers, into a flock of Charity : From this, they were called Societies
of Reformation : Some good Magiftrates encouraged them ; but
others treated them roughly. As foon as the late Queen heard
of this, flie did, by her Letters and Proclamations, encourage thefe
good deflgns, which were afterwards profecuted by the late King.
Other Societies fet themfelves to raife Charity Schools, for
teaching poor Children, for cloathing them and binding them out
to Trades •, Many Books were printed, and fent over the Nation
by them, to be freely diftributed : Thefe were called Societies for
propagating Chriftian Knowledge: By this means, fome thou-
iands of Children are now well educated and carefully looked
after. In many places of the Nation, the Clergy met often to-
gether, to confer about matters of Religion and Learning ; and
they got Libraries to be raifed for their common ufe. At laft a
Corporation was created by the late King, for propagating the
Golpel among Infidels, for fettling Schools in our Plantations,
for furnifliing the Clergy that were fent thither, and for fending
Miflionaries among fuph of our Plantations, as were not able
to provide Paftors for themfelves. It was a glorious conclufion
of a Reign, that was begun with preferving our Religion, thus to
create a Corporation, for propagating it to the remoter parts of
the Earth, and among Infidels : There were very liberal Sub-
fcriptions made to it, by many of the Bifliops and Clergy, who
fet about it with great care and zeal : Upon the Queen's
2 *;i ^ti. Ag-

of ^een Anne* 519

Acceflion to the Crown, they had all pofTiblc afluranccs of her 1702
favour and protedion, of which upon every appHcation, they re- c*^'"v''^J
ceived very eminent marks.

The Affairs of Scotland began to be fomewhat embroiled : By Affain in
an A6t made foon after the Revolution, it was provided, that all
Princes fucceeding to die Crown, fhould tak« the Coronation
Oath, before they enter'd upon their Regal Dignity ; but no di-
redion was given, concerning thofe who fhould tender it, or the
manner in which it fhould be taken : So this being left undeter-
mined, th« Queen called together all the late King's Minifters for
that Kingdom, and in the prefence of about twelve of them, fhe
took the Coronation Oath : Men, who were difpofed to cenfure
every thing, faid, diat this ought not to be done, but in the pre-
fence of fome, deputed for that effed, either by the Parliament,
or at leaft by the Privy Council of that Kingdom. Another point
occafioned a more important Debate.

Upon the Affaffmation Plot, an Ad: had pafied in Scotland for
continuing the Parliament, that fhould be then ia being, fix
months after the Death of the King, with two fpecial Claufes in
it ; the firft was, that it fhould meet twenty days after the Death
of the King : But the Queen did, by feveral Prorogations, conti-
nue the Parliament almoft three months after the King's Death,
before it was opened ; Some faid the Parliament was by this dif-'
folved, fmce it did not meet upon the day, limited by the Ad
to continue it ; but there was another Provifo in the Ad, that,
faved to the Crown the full Prerogative of adjourning or dif-
folving it within that time ; yet in oppofltion to that, it was ac-
knowledged, that as to all fubfequent days of Meeting, the Prero-
gative was entire, but the day that was Hmited, that is the twen-
ty firfl: after the King's Death, feemed to be fixed for the firfl
opening the SefTion.

The fecond Claufe was, a limitation on the Power of the Par-
liament, during their fitting, that it fhould not extend to the re-
pealing Laws ; they were empowered only, to maintain the Pro-
teflant Religion, and the publick peace of the Country : It was
therefore faid, that the Queen was peaceably obeyed, and the
Country now in full quiet, fo there was no need of aflembling
the Parliament : The end of the Law being compafTed, it was
faid, the Law fell of it felf, and therefore it was neceffary to call
a new Parliament : for the old one, if afTembled, could have no
Authority, but to fee to the prefervation of Religion, and the peace
of the Country, their power being limited to thofe two heads, by
the Ad that authorized their fitting. In oppofition to this, it
was faid, that the Ad which gave them Authority to fit as a Par-
liament for fix inonths, gave them the full Authority oi a Parlia-
ment :

3 2 o The History of the Reign

1702 ment : the direding them to take care of fome more important
u?='^/"''^ matters, did not hinder their meddling with other matters, fince
no ParHament can limit a fubfequent one : It was alio faid,
that, fince the Queen was now engaged in a War, the pub-
lick Peace could not be fecured, without fuch a Force and fuch
Taxes to maintain it, as the prefent ftate of Affairs required. The
Duke of ^ueensbury.^ and his Party, were for continuing the Par-
liament : But Duke Hamilton^ and the others, who had oppofed
that Duke in the laft Parliament, complained highly of this way
of proceeding : They faid, they could not acknowledge this to
be a legal Parliament, they could not fubmit to it, but muft pro-
teft againft it : This was ominous ; a Reign was to be begun
with a Parliament, liable to a difpute ; and from fuch a breach,
it was eafy to forefee a train of mifchief likely to follow. Thefe
Lords came up, and reprelented to the Queen, and thofe in fa-
vour with her, their exceptions to all, that was intended to be
done ; every thing they faid was heard very calmly ; but the
Queen was a ftranger to their Laws, and could not take it upon
her to judge of them, fo fhe was determined by the Advice of
the Privy Council of that Kingdom. The Lords that came up
to oppofe the Duke of ^eensbury^ continued to prefs for a new
Parliament, in which they promifed to give the Queen all that
fhe could ask of them, and to confent to an Ad of Indemnity, for
all that was paft in the former Reign ; But it was thought, that
the Nation was then in too great a heat to venture on that ; and
that fome more time was neceflary, to prepare matters, as well as
mens minds, before a new Parliament fhould be fummoned. Both
Parties went down, and both being very fenfible that the Presby-
terian Intereft would, with its weight, turn that fcale, into which it
fhould fall ; Great pains were taken by both fides to gain that
Party. On the one hand, they were made to apprehend, what a
madnefs it would be for them, to provoke the Queen in the be-
ginning of her Reign, who might be enough difpofed to entertain
prejudices againft them : thefe would be much heightened, if in a
point, in which Confcience could not be pretended, they fliould.
engage in a Fadion againft her, efpecially when they could not
fay, that any caufe of jealoufy was given : on the contrary, the
Queen had, in all her publick Letters, promifed to maintain Pres-
byterian Government ; and tho' that gave great offence, in the late
King's time, when thofe publick Letters were printed, yet now
this paft without cenfiire. The other Party was as bufy to in-
flame, them ; They told them the Queen was certainly in her
heart againft them : All thofe who were now in her confidence,
the Earls of Rochejier and Nottingham in particular, were ene-
mies to Presbyterian Government ; Good words were now given

them,

of §lueen Anne* 32 1

them, to feparate them from a national Intereft, knowing well, 1702
that if they went off from that, and fo loft the hearts of the Nation, ^^^P^''^^
they loft that, in which their chief ftrength lay : The Party that
now governed, as foon as they fhould have carried the prefcnt
point by their help, and render'd them odious, by their concur-
ring in it, would ftrengthen themfclves at Court, by entering into
the Epifcopal Intereft, and trying to introduce Epifcopacy into
Scotland : which would be foon brought about, if the Presbyte-
rians (hould once lofe their popularity : Thefe were the methods
and reafonings that were ufed on both hands.

The Parliament was brought together on the 9/^ of yune ; at j^ ^^^^^^^ ^^
the opening the Seftion, Duke Hamilton read a Paper, importing, Parliament
that this was not a legal Parliament, fince the only ends, for which
they were empowered to meet, were already obtained ; The
Queen was obeyed, Religion was fecured, and the Peace of the
Country was fettled : fo there feemed to be no occafion for their
continuance ; Upon which he and feventy four more withdrew ;
but one hundred and twelve Members continued to fit, and voted
themfelves to be a free and legal Parliament, and declared, that
purfuant to their ancient Laws, it was High Treafon to impugn
their Authority. They ratified all A<Sls made, in favour of
Presbyterian Government, in which they proceeded with fuch vio-
lence, that Sir Alexander Bruce moving, that all thofe Acfis might
be read, for he believed fome of them might be found inconftf-
tent with Monarchy, he was for that expelled the Houfe. They
by one A6t recognized the Queen's Title ; by another, they em-
powered her to name Commifiioners to treat of the Union of
the Two Kingdoms ; and by a third, they gave a Tax fufficient to
keep up the Force, that was then in Scotland, for two years lon-
ger : and fo the Parliament was brought to a quiet conclufion.

Ireland was put under Lords Juftices, named by the Earl of
Rochejier, and the Truftees continued ftill in their former Autho*
rity.

While our Affairs were in this pofture at home ; The firft ftep Affairs in
that was made beyond Sea, was by the Houfe of Hanover \ it ^^^"^""y-
had been concerted with the late King before his ficknefs, and
was fet on foot the Week he died ; The defign was well laid, and
the execution was managed with great fecrecy ; The old Duke
of Zelly and his Nephew the Eledor of Brunfwkkj went in per-
fon with an Army, that was rather inferior in ftrength to that
of the Dukes of Wolfembuttle ; They enter'd their Country, while
their Troops were difperfed in their Quarters: They furprized fome
Regiments of Horfe, and came and inverted both Wolfetnbuttle
and Bf'unfwick at once, and cut off all Communication between
them : Having them at this difadvantage, they requited them to

Vol. IL N n n n concur

3 22 The H I s T q r ^of the Reign

1702 concur in the Common Councils of the Empire, to furnifli their
K^<:^<^''^>!»J Quota for its defence, and to keep up no more Troops, than were
confiftent with the fafety of their Neighbours j for it was well
known, that the greateft part of their Men were fubfifted with
French pay, and that they had engaged themfelves to declare for
France, as foon as it fhould be required. Duke kodolph, the el-
der Brother, was a learned and pious Prince ; but as he was never
married, fo he had turned over the Government to the Care of
his Brother Duke Anthony, who was a Prince of a temper very
much different from his Brother's : He could not bear the ad-
vancement of the Houfe of Hanover ; So in oppofition to them,
he went into the Interefts of France : But being thus furprifed, he
went away in difcontent, and his Brother broke thro' all thofe
meafures, in which he had involved himfelf : In conjundtion with
Duke Anthony, the Duke of Saxe Got ha had enter'd into the fame
engagements with France ; but was now forced to fall into the
common Interefts of the Empire.
The War in Thus all the North of Germany was united, and ready to de-
' ° ^'^' • clare againft France ; only the War in Poland was fo near them,
that they were obliged to continue armed, and fee the ifTue of
that War : The King of Sweden was engaged in it, with fuch a
determined oppofition to King Augujius, that there was no hope
of treating a Peace, tho' it was endeavoured both by England and
the States : The King of Sweden feemed to have accuftomed
himfelf to fatigue and danger, fo that he grew to love both ; and
tho' the Mufcovites had fallen upon the Frontiers of Sweden, where
they had gained fome advantages, yet even that could not divert
him from carrying on the War in Poland. A Diet was fummon-
ed there, but it broke up in confufion, without coming to any
conclufion, only they fent AmbalTadors to the King of Sweden to
treat of a Peace. The King of Prujfta was very apprehenfive of
the confequences of this War, which was now in the neighbour-
hood of Prujfia ; and the King of Sweden threaten'd to invade
Saxony, with the Troops that he had in Pomerama, which could
not be done, but thro' his Territories. The King of Sweden de-
lay'd giving Audience to the AmbalTadors oi Poland-, and march-
ed on to Warfaw ; fo the King of Poland retired to Cracow, and
Summoned thofe Palatines, who adhered to him, to come about
him : When the King of Sweden came to Warfaw, he fent to
the Cardinal to fummon a Diet, for choofing a new King : This
went further than the refentments of the Poles yet carried
them : But the reft of this matter will appear hereafter.

All Germany was now united, only the two Brothers of Bava-
with'th? ria ; The Court of Vienna fet on foot feveral Negotiations with
Houfe of ^^ Eledor of Bavaria, but all to no purpofe : for that Eledor
^'''''''- *■ feemed

of ^een An.ne. :; 323

Icemcd only to hearken to their Propofuions, that he might 1702
make the better terms with France: The Elector of Cologn put -O^'*'^
Liege^ and all the places that he had on the Rhine, except Bonne,
into the hands or the French : It was faid, that he kept Bonne,
hoping to be able to make his peace wi^h the Emperor, by putting
that into his poffcflion ; but he was prevailed on afterwards to de-
liver that likewife to the French. In this, the Eleiior aded againft
the advice of all his Council ; and as the Dean of Liege was
making fome oppofition to him, he was feized on, and carried
away Prifoner in a barbarous manner : The Ele<Slor, to cxcufe his
letting the French into his Country, pretended, he only dcfircd
the afliflance of fome of the Troops of the Circle of Bur-
gundy, to fecure his Dominions : For as France was not a(hamed
of the flighttft pretences, fo fhe taught her Allies to make excufes
unbecoming the Dignity of Princes.

The lirft ftep of this War was to be made in the name of the T'^Jv^^^J^
Eledor Palatine, in the Siege of Keiferwert, which, whilft in the
Enemies hands, expofed both the Circle of IVeJlphalia, and the
States Dominions : for tlieir places on the Whall, being in no good
condition, were laid open to the excurfions of that Garrifon. Ne-
gotiations were ftill carried on in feveral Courts : Methuen. was
fent to try the Court oi Portugal; he came quickly back, with
full affurances of a Neutrality, and a freedom of Trade in their
Ports ; Infinuations were given of a difpofition to go further, upon
a better profped: and better terms ; fo he was prefently ferit
back, to drive that matter as far as it would go. . The Pope pre-
tended he would keep the Neutrality of a common Father, but
his partiality to the French appeared on many occafions : yet the
Court of Vienna had that veneration for the See, that they con-
tented themfelves with expoftulatihg, without carrying their re-
fentments further. The Venetians and the Great Duke followed
the example fet them by the Pope, tho' the former did not efcape
fo well, for their Country fuffer'd on both hands.

The Prince of Baden drew together the Troops of the Empire ; TheSicgeof
he began with blocking up Landaw, and that was foon turned '^"' ''**
to a Siege : Catinat was fent to Command the French Army in
^ If ace, but it Was fo weak, that he was not able to make head ^
with it. In the end of April, the Dutch formed three Armies ;
one under the Prince of Najfaw, undertook the Siege of Keifer-
wert ; Another was commanded by the Earl oi Athlone, and lay in
the Dutchy of Cleve, to cover the Siege ; A third commanded by
Cohorn, broke into Flanders, and put a great part of that Country
luider Contribution. Marefchal Boufiers drew his Army together,
and having laid up great Magazines in Ruremonde and Venlo, he
pafTed die Maefe with his whole Army. The Duke of Burgun-
dy

324 ^^ History of the Reign

1 702 dy came down poft from Paris, to Command it : The States ap-
u-'^'V*^^ prehended, that fo great a Prince would, at his firil appearance,
undertake fomewhat worthy of him, and thought the Defign
might be upon Maejiricht : fo they put twelve thoufand Men in
Garrifon there : The Auxiliary Troops from Germany did not
come fo foon as was expeded, and crofs Winds ftopt a great part
of our Army : So that the Earl of Athlojie was not ftrong enough
to enter into adion with Marefchal Boufiers : but he lay. about
Cleve, watching his motions. The Siege of Keifer'we?'t went on
flowly : the Rhine fwelling very high, fo filled their Trenches,
that they could not work in them. Marefchal Tallard was fent
to lie on the other of fide the Rhine, to cannonade the Befieg-
ers, and to fend frefh Men into the Town : The King of Prujfta
came to Wezel, from whence he furnifhed the Beliegers with
all that was neceflary : There was one vigorous Attack made, in
which many were killed on both fides ; In conclufion, after a
brave defence, the Counterfcarp was carried, and then the Town
Keifer-wert capitulated, and was raifed according to agreement. When the
Duke of Burgundy faw, that the Siege could not be raifed, he
tried to get between the Earl of Athlone and Nimeguen : The De-
fign was well laid, and wanted little of being punctually executed:
It muft have had fatal efFeds, had it fucceeded : for the French
would either have got into Nimeguen, or have forced the Earl
of Athlone to fight at a great difadvantage. But the Earl of
Athlo?te fo carefully watched their motions, that he got be-
fore them, under the Cannon of Nimeguen ; yet by this means,
. he was forced to abandon Cleve. The French difcharged their

fury upon that Town, and on the Park, and all the delicious
Walks of that charming place, little to the Honour of the Prince
who commanded the Army: for upon fuch occafions, Princes
are apt to be civil to one another, and not to make havock of
fuch embellifhments as can be of no ufe to them. The Earl of
Athlone^ condudl on this occafion, raifed his credit, as much as it
funk Boufiers, who, tho' he had the fuperior Army, animated by
the prefence of fo great a Prince, yet was able to do nothing ; but
was unfuccefsful in every thing that he defigned ; and his Parties,
that at any time were engaged with thofe of the Earl of Athlone,
were beaten almoft in every Adiion.
The Earl of Soon after this, the Earl of Marlborough came over, and took
■^rf com- ^'^ Command of the Army. The Earl of Athlone was fet on, by
ma?ds the the Other Dutch Generals, to infift on his Quality of Felt Mar-
'^™^" fi^al, and to demand the Command by turns : He was now in
hicrh reputation by his late Conduft, but the States obliged him
to yield this to the Earl of Marlbo7'ough, who indeed ufed him fo
we'll, that the Command feemed to be equal between them. The

Earl

of ilueen An n fe. 32J

Earl of Athlom was always inclined to cautious and fiire, but 1702
feeble Counfcls : But the Earl of Marlborough^ when the Army ^^'"v'^^
was brought together, finding his Force fuperior to the Duke of
Burgundy y paffed the Maefe at the Grave^ and marclied up to the
French ; they retired as he advanced : this made him for ventur-
ing on a decifive Adlion, but the Dutch apprehended the put-
ting things to fuch a hazard, and would not confent to it. The
Penfioner, and thofe who ordered matters at the Hagucy pro-
ceeded the more timoroufly, becaufe, upon die King's Death, thole
who had always oppofed him^ were beginning to form Parties,
in feveral of their Tdwns, and were designing a change of Go-
vernment : So that a publick misfortune in their condudl, would
have given great advantages to thofe who were watching for them.
The Penfioner was particularly aimed at : this made him more
unwilling to run any rifque. Good Judges thought, that if the
Earl of Marlborough\ Advices had been followed, matters might
have been brought to a happy decifion : But as he condudled the
Army prudently, fo he was careful not to take too much upon
him. The Duke of Burgundy finding himfelf obliged to retreat,
as the Confederate Army advanced, thought this was not fuitable
to his dignity ; So he left the Army, and ended his firft Cam-
paign very inglorioufly ; and it leems, the King was not fatisfied
with Marefchal Bouflers^ for he never commanded their Armies
fince that time. The Earl of Marlborough went on, taking feve-
ral places, which made little or no refiftance ; and feeing that
Marefchal Bouflers kept at a fafe diftance, fo that there was no
hope of an engagement with him^ he refolved to fall into the Spa-
nijh Guelder : he began with Venlo. There was a Fort on
the other fide of the River, that commanded it, which was taken
by tlie Lord Cutts^ in fo gallant a manner, that it deferved to be
much commended by every body but himfelf: but he loft the
honour, that was due to many brave Adlions of his, by talking too
much of them : The young Earl of Huntington fhewed upon this,
as upon many other occafions, an extraordinary heat of Courage :
He called to the Soldiers, who had got over the pallifadoes, to
help him over, and promifed them all the money he had about
him, which he performed very generoufly, and led them on with
much bravery and fuccels: Upon the Fort's being taken, the Town
capitulated. Ruremonde and Stevenzwert were taken in a few
days after ; for Marefchal Bouflers did not come to their relief.
Upon thefe SuccelTes, that came quicker than was expeded, the
Earl of Marlborough advanced to Liege^ which was a place of
more importance, in which he might put a great part of his Ar-
my in Winter Quarters : The Town quickly capitulated ; The
Cittadel was carried by ftorm, and another Fort in the Town
V o L. II. O o o o like-

326 The History^ the Reign

1702 like wife lurrender'd. Here was a very profperous Campaign:
U;^'^^''''5>J rnany places were taken with little refiftance, and an inconlide-
rable lofs, either of time or of men. The Earl of Marlborough\
conduft and deportment gained him the hearts of the Army :
The States were highly fatisfied with every thing he did, and the
Earl of Athlone did him the juftice to own, that he had differed
in opinion from him in every thing that was done : and that
therefore the Honour of their Succefs was wholly owing to him.
The Earl of The Campaign was kept open till November^ and at t'he end
■^^^^ft^un, of it, an accident happened, that had almoft loft the a d van-
by a Party of (-^ges and honour got in it. The Earl of Marlborough thought
go^ ou7of ' the eafieft and quickeft, as well as the fafeft way of returning to
their hands. ^^ Hague^ was By fomc of thofe great Boats, that pafs on the
Maefe : There was one Company in the Boat in which he went,
and two Companies went in another, that was to be before him :
There were alfo fome Troops ordered, to ride along the Banks
for their Guard. The great Boat that went before, failed away too
quick, and the Horfe miftook their way in the night : The French
had yet the Town of Guelder in their hands, which was indeed
all they had of the Spanijh Guelder : A Party from thence was
lying on the Banks of the River, waiting for an Adventure, and
they feized this Boat, the whole Company being faft afleep : fo
they had now both the Earl of Marlborough and Opdam^ one of
the Dutch Generals, and Gueldermalfen^ one of the States Deputies
in their hands : They did not know the Earl of Marlborough^ but
they knew the other two- They both had Paffes, according to a
Civihty, ufually pradifed among the Generals of both fides. The
Earl of Marlborough's Brother had a Pafs, but his ill health made
him leave the Campaign, fo his Pafs was left with his Brother's Se-
cretary, and that was now made ufe of for himfelf. 'Tis true, the
Date of the Pafs was out, but they being in hafte, and in the night,
that was not confidered : The Boat was rifled, and they took Pre-
fents from thofe, who they believed were protefted by their Paf-
fes : So, after a ftop of fome hours, they were let go, and happily
efcaped the danger. The news of their being taken got before
them to the Hague ; upon which the States immediately met,
under no fmall confternation : They fent Orders to all their
Forces, to march immediately to Guelder^ and to threaten the Gar-
rifon with all extremities, unlefs they fhould deliver the Prifoners :
and never to leave the Place, till they had either taken it, or had
the Generals delivered to them. But before thefe Orders could
be difpatched, the Earl of Marlborough came to the Hague, where
he was received with inexpreffible joy, not only by the States, but
' by all the Inhabitants : for he was beloved there to a high de-
gree : Soon after his return to EfJglandj the Queen made him

Duke

of ^een Anne. '327

JDuke of Marlborough ; and both Houfes of Parliament fent fome 1 702
of their number to him, with their Thanks for the great fervices u^vvJ
he had done this Campaign.

The Campaign likewife ended happily on the Upper Rhine : f.anda'-x
Landaw was taken after a long Siege ; The King of the Romans *** '*^^°'
came in time to have the honour of taking it : But with fo great
a train, and (o fplendid an equipage, that tlie expence of it put all
the Emperor's Affairs in great diforder : the moft neceflary things
being negledled, while a needlefs piece of Pomp devoured fo great
a part of their Treafure ; The Siege was flopt fome weeks for
want of Ammunition, but in conclufion, the place was taken.

The neceflities of the King of Frances Affairs, forced him at
this time, to grant the Eledlor of Bavaria all his demands : It
is not yet known what they were ; But the Court oi France did not
agree to what he asked, till Landaw was given for loft : and then
feeing that the Prince of Baden might have over-run all the Hon-
drucky and carried his Winter Quarters into the neighbourhood
of France ; it was neceffary to gain this Elector on any terms : If
this agreement had been fooner made, probably the Siege, how
far foever it was advanced, muft have been raifed. The Eledor The Elector
made his Declaration, when he poffeffed himfelf of Ulm, which dtcbr^Tr'*
was a rich free Town of the Empire : It was taken by a ftrata- France.
gem, that, how fuccefsful foever it proved to the Eledor, was fa-
tal to him who conducted it : for he was killed by an accident,
after he was poffeffed of the Town. This gave a great alarm to
the neighbouring Circles and Princes, who called away their
Troops from the Prince of Baden^ to their own defence ; by
this means, his Army was much diminifhed ; but with the Troops
that were left him, he fludied to cut off the Communication be-
tween Strasbourg and Ulm. The Emperor with the Diet, pro-
ceeded according to their forms againft the Eled:or ; But he was
how engaged, and continued firm to the Intereflis of France.
Marefchal Fillars., who commanded the French Army in Alfatiay
had Orders to break thro' the Black Foreft, and join the Bavari-
ans : His Army was much fiiperior to the Prince of Baden ; but
the latter had fo pofted himfelf, that after an unfuccefsful at-
tempt, Villars was forced to return to Strazbourg.

In Italyy the Duke of Fendome began with the Relief of Man- The War in
tua^ which was reduced to great extremities by the long Block- ^^^^^'
ade Prince Eugene had kept about it : He had fo fortified the
Oglioj that the Duke of Vendome apprehending the difficulty of
forcing his Pofts, marched thro' the Venetian Territories (not-
withftanding the proteftations of the RepubHck againft it) and
came to Goito^ with a great Convoy for Mantua. Prince Eugene
drew his Army all along the Mantuan Foja, down to Borgofortes-^

he

«^'

328 The VLisTol^Y of the Reign

1702 he was forced to abandon a great many places, but apprehending^
^-^^'^^"'^ that Berfello might be befieged, and confidering the importance
of that place, he put a ftrong Garrifon in it. He complained
- much, that the Court of Vienna feemed to forget him ; and did
not fend him the Reinforcements they had promifed : It was
thought, that his Enemies at that Court, under colour of fuppoft-
ing the King of the Romans in his firil Campaign, were willing
to negled; every thing that related to him : by this means,' the
beft Army the Emperor ever had, was left to moulder away to
nothing.
Kins TM- -^i^g Philip took a very extraordinary refolution of going ovet
lip went to to Italy ^ to polTefs himfelf of the Kingdom of Naples^ and to put
an end to the War in Lombardy ; he was received at Naples with
outward fplendor, but he made little progrefs, in quieting the
minds of that unruly Kingdom : He did not obtain the Invefti-
ture of it from the Pope, tho' he fent him a Cardinal Legate, with
a high Complement : The Germans thought this was too much,
while the French thought it was not enough ; yet upon it, the
Emperor's Ambaffador left Rome. King Philip was conducted
from Naples to Final by the French Fleet, that had carried him
from Barcelona to Naples. As he was going to Command the
Duke of Vendome% Army, he was met by the Duke of Savoy, of
whom there was fome jealoufy, that, having married his two
Daughters fo gready, he began now to difcern his own diftin£t
intereft, which called itpon him to hinder the French from
being Mafters of the Milaneze. King Philip wrote to the Duke
of Vendome, not to fight Prince Eugene, till he could join him :
He feemed jealous, leaft that Prince fhould be driven out of Ita-
ly, before he could come to fhare in the Honour of it ; yet when
he came, he could do nothing, though Prince Eugene was mife-
rably abandoned by the Court of Vienna. Count Mansfield, Pre-
fident of the Council of War, was much fulpefted, as corrupted
by France : The Supplies promifed, were not fent into Italy :
The apprehenfions they were under of the Eledor of Bavaria's
declaring, fome time before he did it, gave a colour to thofe, who
were jealous of Prince Eugene's Glory, to detain the Recruits and
Troops that had been promifed to him, for the Emperor's own
defence : But tho' he was thus forfaken, yet he managed the
Force he had about him, with great skill and conduct. When
he law Luzara was in danger, he marched up to the King of
Spain ; and as that King very oddly expreffed it, in a Letter to
the King of France, he had the boldnefs [Audace] to attack him,
but which was worfe, he had the boldnefs likewife to beat him ;
and if he had not been fhut in by Rivers, and the narrownefs of
the Ground, very probably he would have carried the advantage,

he

of ^een Anne» '^^^ 329

he had in that engagement, much further. The ill Aate of his Af- 1702
fairs forced him upon that defperate adion, in whicli he fucceedcd ^^^'"^'^^'^
beyond expedation ; It put the French to fuch a ftand, that all tliey
could do after this, was only to take Luzara^ and fome other incon-
fiderable places ; but Prince Eugene ftill kept his Pofts. King Phi-
lip left the Army, and returned, after an inglorious Campaign, into
Spaifz i where the Grandees were much difgufted, to lee themfelves fo
much defpifed, and their Affairs wholly conducted by French Coun-
cils. The French tried, by all pofTible methods, to engage the Turks
into a new War with the Emperor : and it was believed that the
GraTid Vizier was entirely gained, tho' the Mufti, and all who had
any credit in that Court, were againft it : The Grand Vizier was
firangled, and fo this defign was prevented.

The Court of France was in a management with the Cardinal AfFairs in
Primate of Poland, to keep that Kingdom ftill embroiled : The King
of Sweden marched on to Cracow, which was much cenfured, as a
defperate attempt, fmce a defeat there muft have deftroyed him and
his Army entirely, being fo far from home. He attackt the King
of Poland, and gave him fuch an Overthrow, that tho' the Army got
off, he carried both their Camp and Artillery. He poffefled himlclf
of Cracow, where he ftay'd fome Months, till he had raifed all the
money they could produce : and tho' the Mufcovites with the Lji-
thuanians deftroyed Livonia, and broke into Sweden, yet that could
not call him back. The Duke oi Holjiein, who had married his eldeft
Sifter, was thought to be gained by the French, to pufli on this young
King, to profecute the War with fuch an unrelenting fury, in which
he might have a defign for himlelf, fince the King of Sweden s ven-
turing his own perfon fo freely, might make way for his Dutchefs to
fucceed to the Crown. That Duke was killed in the battle of Cracow.
There was fome hopes of Peace this Winter, but the two Princes werefo
exafperated againft one another, that it feemed inipoflible to compofe
that animofity : This was very unacceptable to the Allies : for both
Kings were well inclined to fupport the Confederacy, and to engage in
the War againft France, if their own Quarrels could have been made
up. The King of Sweden continued ftill fo vertuous and pious in
his whole deportment, that he feemed to be formed, to be one of the
Heroes of the Reformation. This was the ftate of Affairs on the
Continent, during this Campaign. .,. ., .) c

One unlooked for accident fprung up in France: An Infurreftion Anlnfurrec-
happened in the Cevennes in Languedoc : of which I can fay nothing ^q^J^Ij^^^
that is very particular, or well aflurcd. When it firft broke out, it
was looked on as the effedl of Oppreffion and Defpair, which would ,
quickly end in a fcene of Blood : but it had a much longer conti- '\
nuance than was expelled ; and it had a coniiderable effed: on the .
Affairs of France ; for an Army of ten or twelve thoufand men,

V o L. II. P p p p who

3 30 The History of the Reign

in 02 who were dcfigned, either for Italy or Spaiuy was imployed, without
^^^c^'^'^y^^^ any immediate fuccefs in reducing them.

Thi. E7;giip I now change the Element, to give an account of our operations
K)'cIS ^t Sea : Rook had the Command ; The Fleet put to Sea much later
than we hoped for ; The Dutch Fleet came over, about a month be-
fore ours was ready ; The whole confifted of fifty Ships of the Line,
and a Land Army was put on board, of twelve thoufand men, feven
thoufand EftgliJI:) and five thoufand Dutch : Rook Ipoke fb coldly of
the Defign he went upon, before he failed, that thofe who converfed
with him, were apt to infer, that he intended to do the Enemy as
little harm as poffible. Advice was fent over from Holland, of a
Fleet that faik:d from France-, and was ordered to call in at the
Groy72e, Mtmden was recommended by Rook, to be fent againft this
Fleet ; but tho' he came up to them, with a fuperior Force, yet he
behaved himfelf fo ill, and fo unfuccefsfully, that a Council of War
was ordered to fit on him : They indeed acquitted him, fome ex-
cufing themfelves, by faying that if they had condemned him, the
puniihment was Death : whereas they thought his errors flowed from
a want of fence : fo that it would have been hard to condemn him,
for a defedt of that, which Nature had not given him. Thofe who
recommended him to the Imployment, Teemed to be more in fault.
This acquittal raifed fuch an outcry, that the Queen ordered him to
be broke. Rook, to divert the defign that he himfelf was to go up-
on, wrote up from St. Helena, that the Dutch Fleet was viftualled
only to the middle of September \ So they, being then in July, no
great defign could be undertaken, when fo large a part of the Fleet
was fo ill provided. When the Z)i!<;/f/6 Admiral heard of this, he
fent to their Ambafiador, to complain to the Queen of this misinfor-
mation : for he was vidualled till the middle of December. They
were for fome time ftopt by contrary Winds, accidents and pretences,
many of which were thought to be ftrained and fought for : but the
Wind being turned wholly favourable, after fome crofs Winds, which
had render'd their paflage flow and tedious, they came on the 1 2th
of Augujl, into the Bay of Cadiz. Rook had laid no dilpofition be-
fore hand, how to proceed upon his coming thither : Some days '
were loft on pretence of feeking for intelligence : It is certain, our
Court had falfe accounts of the ftate the place was in, both with re-
lation to the Garrifon and the Fortifications ; The Garrifon was
much ftronger, and the Fortifications were in a better cafe, than was
reprefented. • The French Men of War, and the Gallies that lay ii*^
the Bay, retired within the Puntah. In the firft lurprize, it had been
eafy to have followed them, and to have taken or burnt them ; which
Fairborn offered to execute, but Rook and the reft of his creatures
did not approve of this. Some days were loft, before a Council of
War was called ; In the mean while, the Duke of Ormond fent
fome Engineers and Pilots to found the South-fide of Cadiz, near

the

of §lueen AnN^. 351

the Ifland of St. Tedro : but while this was doing, the Officers, by 1702
the taking of fome Boats, came to know, that thofe of Cadiz had -^j^'v''^
fent over the beft of their Goods and other Effcdls to the Port of St.
MarieS) an open Village over againft it, on the Continent of Spain ;
fo that here was good plunder to be had eafily, whereas the Land-
ing on the Ifle of Cadiz was like to prove dangerous, and, as fome
made them believe, impradicable. In the Council of War, in which
their Inftrudions were read, it was propofed to confider, how they
{hould put them in execution ; Haro^ one of the General Officers,
made a long Speech againft Landing : He fhewed how dcfperate an
attempt it would prove, and how different they found the ftate of
the place, from die reprefentation made of it in Engla?jd : The great-
er number agreed with him, and all that the Duke of 0 rmond cou[6.
fay to the contrary was of no effeft. Rook feemed to be of the fame
mind with the Duke, but all his Dependants were of another opi-
nion, fo this was thought to be a piece of craft in him ; In conclu-
fion, the Council of War came to a refolution, not to make a De-
fcent on the Iflagd of Cadiz : But before they broke up, thofe, whom
the Duke had fent to found the Landing places on the South- fide,
came and told them, that as they might Land fafely, fo the Ships
might ride fecurely on that fide ; yet they had no regard to this, but
adhered to their former refolution, nor were there any Orders given
for Bombarding the Town. The Sea was for the moft part very high
while they lay there, but it was fo calm for one day, that the Engi-
neers believed they could have done much mifchief ; but they had
no Orders for it : And indeed it appeared very evidently, that they
intended to do nothing but rob St. Maries.

A Landing on the Continent was refolved on ; and t-ho* the Sea '^^^^^^'f
was^ high, and the danger great, yet the hope of Ipoil made them st. jf<in>y.
venture on it ; they landed at Rota ; a Party of Spanijh Horfe feem-
ed to threaten fome refiftance, but they retired, and fo our men
came to St. Maries^ which they found delerted, but full of riches :
Both Officers and Soldiers fet themfelves, with great courage, againft
this tempting but harmlefs enemy ; Some of the General Officers fet
a very ill example to all the reft; chiefly Haro and Bellafis. The
Duke of Ormond Xi'v^d. to hinder it, but did not exert his authority;
for if he had made fome examples at firft, he might have prevented
the mifchief that was done : But the whole Army, running fo vio-
lently on the Sppil, he either was not able, or, thro' a gentlenefs of
temper, was not willing to proceed to extremities. He had pub-
liffied a Manifefto, according to his Inftruftions, by which the Spa-
niards were invited to fubmit to the Emperor ; and he offered his
Protection to all that came in to him : But the Spoil of St. Maries
was thought an ill Commentary on that Text. After fome days
of unfruitful Trials, on the Forts of that fide, it appeared that nor-
thing could be done ; fo about the middle of September^ they all re-

embarked.

33 2 The History of the Reign

1 702 embarked. Some of the Ships Crews were fo imployed, in bringing
us^^v""*^ and beftowing the Plunder, that they took not the neceffary care to
furniOi themfelves with frefh Water. Rook, without profecuting his
other inftrudlions, in cafe the defign on Cadiz mifcarried, gave Orders
only for a Squadron to fail to the Weft-Indies^ with fome Land Forces;
and tho' he had a Fleet of Viduallers, that had Proviiions to the
middle of December, he ordered them to fail home ; by this means,
the Men of War were fo fcantily furnifhed, that they were foon
forced to be put on fhort allowance. Nor did Raok fend Advice-
Boats, either to the Ports of Algarve, or to Lisbon, to fee what Or-
ders or Advices might be lying for him, but failed in a direft courfe
for England : But fome Ships, not being provided with Water for
the Voyage to England, touched on the Coaft of Algarve, to take in
Water,
i^ons^ut in "^^^y met with intelligence there, that the Spanift) Plate Fleef,
at Figo. with a good Convoy of French Men of War, had put in at Vigo^ a
Port in Galicia, not far from Portugal ; where the entrance was nar-
row, and capable of a good defence. It widened ^yithin Land, into
a Bay or Mouth of a River, where the Ships lay very conveniently :
He who commanded the French Fleet, ordered a Boom to be laid
crofs the entrance, and Forts to be raifed on both fides : He had not
time to finifh what he defigned, othervidfe the place had been inac-
ceflible : But as it was, the difficulty in forcing this Port was believed
to be greater, than any they would have met with, if they had landed
on the Ifle of Cadiz. As foon as this Fleet had put in at VigOj
Methuen, the Queen's Minifter at Lisbon^ fent Advertifements of it,
to all the places, where he thought our Advice-Boats might be order-
ed to call : Rook had given no Orders for any to call, and fo held on
his courfe towards Cape Finijierre : But one of his Captains, Har-
dy, whilft he water'd in Algarve, heard the news there ; upon which,
he made all the Sail he could after Rook, and overtook him. Rook
upon that, turned his courfe towards Vigo, very unwillingly as was
:^id, and finding the Advice was true, he refolved to force his way in.
But they ^^^ Duke of Ormond landed with a Body of the Army, and at-
were burnt tack'd the Fofts with great bravery, while the Ships broke the Boom,
the^£«^///.and forced the Port. When the French law what was done, they
left their Ships, and let fome of the Men of War and fome of the
Galleons on fire : Our Men came up with fuch diligence, that they
ftopt the progrefs of the fire, yet fifteen Men of War and eight Gal-
leons were burnt or funk ; but our Men were in time to fave five
Men of War, and five Galleons, which they took. Here was a great
deftrudion made, and a great Booty taken, with very little lols on
our fide. One of our Ships was fet on fire by a Fire-Ship, but
fhe too was faved, tho' with the lofs of fome Men ; which was
all the lofs we fuftained in this important Aftion. The Duke of Or- ^
mond marched into the Country, and took fome Forts, and the Town
2 ' of

of ^een Anne. jVj'

bi Rttondeliay where much Plunder was found; The French S^a- 1702
men and Soldiers efcaped, for we having no Horfe, were not in a u^'V^J
condition to purfue them : The Spaniards appeared at fome di-
ftance, in a great Body : But they did not offer to enter into any
Adion with the Duke of Ortnond : It appeared, that the refentmcnts
of that proud Nation, which was now governed by French Councils,
were fo high, that they would not put themlelves in any danger, or td
any Trouble, even to fave their own Fleet, when it was in fuch hands.
After this great Succefs, it came under confultation, whether it
was not advifable to leave a good Squadron of Ships, with the Land
Forces, to Winter at Vigo : The Neighbourhood of Portugal madcj
that they could be well furnifhed with Provifions, and all other ne-
ceffaries from thence : This might alfo encourage that King to de-
clare himfelf, when there was fuch a Force and Fleet lying fo neaf
him : It might likewife encourage fuch of the Spaniards^ as favour-
ed the Emperor, to declare themfelves, when they faw a fafe place
of retreat, and a Force to proted them : The Duke of Ormonde up-
on thefe confiderations, offered to ftay, if Rook would have confent-
ed ; but he excufed it ; he had fent home the Viduallers with the
Stores ; and fo he could not fpare what was rlecellary, for fuch as
would ftay there : and indeed, he had fo ordered the matter, that
he could not ftay long enough to try, whether they could raife and
fearch the Men of War and the Galleons that were funk : He was
obliged to make all poffible hafte home ; and if the Wind had turn-
ed to the Eaft, which was ordinary in that Seafon, a great part of
our Ships Crews muft have died of hunger.

The Wind continued favourable, fo they got home fafe, but half The £«£://>
ftarved. Thus ended this Expedition, which was ill projeded, and back to
worfe executed. The Duke of 0 r mond X.o\d me, he had not half ■^''•^^
the Ammunition that was neceffary, for the taking Cadiz, if they
had defended themfelves well : tho' he believed they would not
have made any great reftftance, if he had landed on his firft arri-
val, and not given them time to recover from the diforder, into
which the firft furprize had put them. A great deal of the Trea-
fure taken at Vigo was embezzled, and fell into private hands : One
of the Galleons founder'd at Sea. The Publick was not much en-
riched by this extraordinary Capture, yet the lofs our enemies made
by it was a vaft one, and to compleat the ruine of the Spanijh Mer-
chants, their King feized on the Plate, that was taken out of the
Ships, upon their firft arrival at Vigo. Thus the Campaign ended ;
very happily for the Allies, and moft glorioufly for the Queenj 1

whofe firft year, being fuch a continued courfe of Succels, gave a
hopefiil prefage, of what might be hereafter expeded.

The Seffion of Parliament comes next to be related : The ^ "^'^ ^"'
Queen did not openly interpofe in the Eledions, but her inclina-
tion to the Tories appearing plainly, all people took it for grant-
VoL. II. Q^q q q ed,

334 ^^ History of the Reign

1702 ed, that fhe wifhed they might be the Majority : This wrought oil
v-^'^'V''^ the inconftancy and ferviHty, that is natural to multitudes : and
the conceit, which had been infufed and propagated with much
Induftry, that the Whigs had charged the Nation with great Taxes,
of which a large fhare had been devoured by themfelves, had fo
far turned the tide, that the Tories in the Houfe of Commons were
at leaft double the number of the Whigs. They met full of fury
againft the Memory of the late King, and againft thofe, who had
been imploy'd by him. The firfl: inftance, wherein this appeared,
was in their Addrefs to the Queen, congratulating her great Succef-
fes; they added, that by her wife and happy Conduct, the Honour of
the Kingdom was Retrieved. The word Retrieved implying that
it was formerly loft, all that had a juft regard to the King's Memo-
ry oppofed it : He had carried the Honour of the Nation further,
than had been done in any Reign before his : To him they owed
their prefervation, their fafety, and even the Queen's being on the
Throne ; He had defigned and formed that great Confederacy, at
the head of which fhe was now fet. In oppoiition to this, it was
now faid, that during his Reign, things had been conduced by Stran-
gers, and trufted to them ; and that a vaft Treafure had bc-en fpent
in unprofitable Campaigns in Flanders. The Partition Treaty, and
every thing elfe, with which the former Reign could be loaded, was
brought into the account, and the keeping the word Retrieved^ in
the Addrefs, was carried by a great Majority ; All that had favour
at Court, or hoped for any, going into it. Controverted Eledions
were judged in favour of Tories, with fuch a bare-faced partiality,
that it {hewed the Party was refolved on every thing, that might
ferve their ends.

Of this I fhall only give two Inftances : The one was of the Bo-
tiaiity in TOUgh of Hindofiy near me at Salisbury, where upon a complaint of
ieafons ^ Bribery, the proof was fo full and clear, that they ordered a Bill to
disfranchize the Town for that Bribery, and yet, becaufe the Bribes
were given by a man of their Party, they would not pafs a Vote on
him as guilty of it : So that a Borough was voted, to lofe its Right
of Eleding, becaufe many in it were guilty of a Corruption, in
which no man appeared to be the Ador. The other was of more
importance ; and becaufe it may be fet up for a Precedent, I will be
more particular in the Report : Mr. John How had been Vice-
Chamberlain to the late Queen, but miffing fome of thofe advanta-
ges, that he had propofed to himfelf, he had gone into the highcft:
oppofition, that was made in the Houle of Commons, to the Court,
during the laft Reign : not without many indecent reflexions on
the perfon of the late King ; and a moft virulent attacking of all
•■' ' ' his Minifters. He was a man of fome wit, but of little judgment,
and of fmall principles of Religion : He ftood Knight of the Shire
for Gkcejierfiire i and had drawn a Party in that County to join

with

of ^ein Anne. '33j

with him in an Addrefs to the Queen, in which, reflecSions were 1702
made on the danger and ill ufage fhe had gone thro' in the former '-x^^V'^
Reign ; this Addrefs was received by the Queen, in fo particular a
manner, that it looked Hke the dwning that the Contents of it were
. true ; but fhe made fuch an excufe for this, when the offence it
gave was laid before her, that probably, fhe was not acquainted with
tlie matter of the Addrefs, when fhe fo received it. Upon thisj
great oppofition was made to his Eledion ; When it came to the
the Poll, it appeared, he had lofl it ; So the Sheriff was moved for
a Scrutiny, to examine, whether all thofe who had fworn, that they
were Freeholders of forty ShiUings a year, had fworn true. By the
Ad of Parliament, the matter was referred to the Parties Oath, and
their fwearing falfe was declared Perjury : Therefore fuch, as had
fworn falfly, were liable to a Profecution : but by all Laws, an Oath
is looked upon as an end of Controverfy, till he who fwore is con-
vi(51: of Perjury : and the Sheriff", being an Officer named by the
Court, if he had a power to review the Poll, this put the Eledion
of Counties, wholly in the power of the Crown : yet upon this oc-
cafibn, the heat of a Party prevaileov fo far, that they voted Hm)
duly eleded.

The Houfe of Commons very unanimoufly, and with great dif- AiithcSuj».
patch, agreed to all the demands of the Court, and voted all the fof "^^"^
Supplies that were neceflary for carrying on the War. Upon the
Duke of Marlborough^ coming over, a new demand for an addi-
tional Force was made, fince the King of France had given out
Commifllons, for a great increafe of his Armies : Upon that, the
States moved the Queen, for ten thoufand more men : This was
confented to, but with a condition, which how reafonable foever it
might be in itfelf, yet the manner, in which it was managed, fhew-
ed a very ill difpofition towards the Dutch ; and in the Debate, they
were treated very indecently. It was infifled on, that before the
Pay of thefe new Troops fhould begin, the States fhould prohibit
all Trade with France^ and break off all Correfpondence with that
Kingdom. It was indeed true, that France could not have fuppli-
ed their Armies in Italy but by the means of this fecret Trade 5 fo
it was reafonable to break it ; but the impofing it on the Dutch, in
the manner in which this was prefled, carried in it too high a ftrain
of Authority over therh. Theirs is a Country, that fubfifls not by
any intrinfick Wealth of their own, but by their Trade j fome feem-
ed to hope, that the oppofition, which would be raifed on this head,
might force a Peace, at which many among us were driving fo in-
decently, that they took little care to conceal it. The States re^
folved to comply with England in every thing j and tho' they did
not like the manner of demanding this, yet they readily confented
to it. The ordinary bufinefs of a Seflion of Parliament was fbon
difpatched, no oppofition being made to the Supply, at which, in
the former Reign, things ftuck longeft. When

336 The HistoilY of the Reign

1702 When thofe matters were fettled, a Bill was brought in by thfe
^^(^^"^^""^^ Tories, againft Occafional Conformity, which produced great and
Minft'occa- long Debates : By this Bill, all thofe who took the Sacrament and
fionaiCon- Xeft (which by the A6t paffed in the year 1673, was made neceffa-
""■""y* jy ^Q thofe, who held Offices of Truft, or were Magiftrates in Cor-
porations, but was only to be taken once by them) and did aftfer that,
go to the Meetings of DifTenters, or any Meeting for Religious Wor-
fhip, that was not according to the Litiirgy or Practice of the Church
of England^ where five perfons were prefent, more than the Family,
Xvere difabled from holding their Imployments, and were to be fined
in an hundred pounds, and in five pounds a day for every day, in
which they continued to aft in their Imployments, after their having
been at any fuch Meeting : They were alfo made incapable to hold
any other Imployment, till after one whole year's Conformity to
the Church, which was to be proved at the Quarter Seffion : Upon
a rclapfe, the penalty and the time of incapacity were doubled : no
limitation of time was put in the Bill, nor of the way, in which the
Offence was to be proved : But whereas, the Ad: of the Teft only
included the Magiftrates in Corporations, all the inferior Officers or
Freemen in Corporations, who were found to have fome intereft in
the Elections, were now comprehended within this Bill. The Pre-
amble of the Bill afferted the Toleration, and condemned all Perfe-
cution for Confcience fake, in a high ftrain : Some thought the
Bill was of no confequence, and that, if it ffiould pafs into a Law, it
would be of no effed : but that the Occafional Conformifts would
become conftant ones. Others thought, that this was fuch a break-
ing in upon the Toleration, as would undermine it, and that it would
have a great effed: on Corporations ; as indeed, the intent of it was
believed to be, the modelling Eledions, and by confequence of the
Houfe of Commons.
Great De- ^^ behalf of the Bill, it was faid, the defign of the Teft Ad: was,
bates about xh^X. all in Office fhould continue in the Communion of the Church ;
that coming only once to the Sacrament for an Office, and going
afterwards to the Meetings of Diflenters, was both an eluding the in-
tent of the Law, and a profanation of the Sacrament, which gave
great fcandal, and was abhorred by the better fort of DifTenters.
Thofe who were againft the Bill, faid, the Nation had been quiet
ever fince the Toleration, the Diflenters had loft more ground and
ftrength by it, than the Church ; The Nation was now engaged in
a great War ; it feemed therefore unreafonable, to raife aijimofities
at home, in matters of Religion, at fuch a time ; and to encourage
a tribe of Informers, who were the worft fort of men : The Fines
were exceffive ; higher than any laid on Papifts by Law ; and fince
no limitation of Time, nor concurrence of Witnefles, was provided
for in the Bill, men would be for ever expoled to the malice of a
bold Swearer, or wicked Servant : It was move^, that fince the great-
eft

of ^een Anne- 337

eft danger of all was from Atheifts and Papifts, that all fuch as re- 1702
ceivcd the Sacrament for an Office, fliould be obliged to receive it ^-^'^'v^'^^^J
three times a year, which all were by Law required to do ; and to
keep to their Parifh Church, at leaft one Sunday a Month ; but this
was not admitted. All, who pleaded for the Bill, did in words de-
clare for the continuance of the Toleration, yet the fharpnefs, with
which they treated the DifTenters in all their Speeches, fhewed as if
they defigned their extirpation. The Bill was carried in the Houfe
of Commons, by a great Majority. The Debates held longer in the
Houfe of Lords : Many were againft it, becaufe of the high Penal-
ties : Some remember'd the practice of Informers, in the end of
King Charles\ Reign, and would not confent to the reviving
fuch infamous methods ; All believed, that the chief defign of
this Bill was, to model Corporations, and to caft out of them all
thofe, who would not vote in Eledions for Tories : The Toleration
itfelf was vifibly aimed at, and this was only a ftep to break in
upon it. Some thought, the defign went yet further, to raife
fuch quarrels and diftradions among us, as would fb embroil us
at home, that our Allies might fee, they could not depend upon us ;
and that we, being weaken'd by the diforders, occafioned by thofe
Profecutions, might be difabled from carrying on the War, which
was the chief thing driven at, by the promoters of the Bill. So that
many of the Lords, as well as the Bifhops, agreed in oppofing this
Bill, tho' upon different views : yet they confented to fome parts of
it ; chiefly, that fuch as went to Meetings, after they had received
the Sacrament, fliould be difabled from holding any Imployments,
and be fined in twenty pounds ; many went into this, tho' they were
againfl: every part of the Bill, becaufe they thought this the moft
plaufible way of lofing it : fince the Houfe of Commons had of
late fet it up for a maxim, that the Lords could not alter the Fines,
that they fhould fix in a Bill, this being a meddling with money,
which they thought was fo peculiar to them, that they would not
let the Lords, on any pretence, break in upon it.

The Lords hereupon appointed a very exadl learch to be made in-
to all the Rolh^ that lay in the Clerk of the Parliament's Office, from
the middle of King Henry the Seventh's Reign, down to the prcfent
time: and they found, by fome hundreds of Precedents, that in fome
Bills the Lords began the Claufes, that let the Fines ; and that when
Fines were fct by the Commons, fometimes they altered the Fines,
and at other times, they changed the ufe, to which they were applied :
The Report made of this was fo full and clear, that there was no
pofiibility of replying to it, and the Lords ordered it to be enter'd
in their Books. But the Commons were refolved to maintain
their point, without entering into any Debate upon it. The Lords
alfo added Claufes, requiring proof to be made by two Witnefles,
and that the Information fliould be given in within ten days, and the

Vol. II. Rr r r Pro-

338 The History of the Reign

1702 Profecution commenced within three months after the Fad. The
'-^J^^""^^ Commons agreed to this, but would not alter the Penalties that they
had Tet. The thing depended long between the Two Houfes ;
both fides took pains to bring up the Lords that would vote with
them, fo that there were above an hundred and thirty Lords in the
Houfe ; the greateft number that had ever been together.

The Court put their whole ftrength to carry the Bill ; Prince
George^ who had received the Sacrament, as Lord High Admiral,
and yet kept his Chapel in the Lutheran way, fo that he was. an oc-
cafional Communicant, came and voted for the Bill : After fome
Conferences, wherein each Houfe had yielded fome fmaller differen-
ces to the other, it came to a free Conference in the Painted Cham-
ber, which was the moft crowded upon that occafion, that had ever
been known ; fo much weight was laid on this matter on both fides.
The Two when the Lords retired, and it came to the final Vott of Adher-
Houfesjiif-^ ^V^g") the Lords were fo equally divided, that in three Queftions, put

a^reei

Bill was loft, on different heads, the Adhering was carried but by one voice in
every one of them ; and it was a different perfon that gave it in all
the three Divifions. The Commons likewife adhered^ fo the Bill
was loft;. This Bill feemed to favour the Intereflis of the Church,
fo hot men were for it: and the greater number of the Bifhops be-
ing againft it, they were cenfured, as cold and flack in the concerns
of the Church: a reproach, that all moderate men mufl; expe<fl:,
when they oppofe violent motions. A great part of this fell on my
felf : for I bore a large fliare in the Debates, both in the Houfe of
Lords, and at the free Conference. Angry men took occafion from
hence, to charge the Biihops as enemies to the Church, and betray-
ers of its Interefls, becaufe we would not run blindfold into the paf-
fions and defigns of ill tempered men ; tho' we can appeal to all the
world, and which is more, to God himfelf, that we did faithfully
and zealoufly purfue the true Interefts of the Church, the promot-
ing Religion and Learning, the encouraging of all good men, and
good defigns : and that we did apply our felves to the duties of our
Fundion, and to the work of the Gofpel. Having this quiet within
our felves, we mufl bear the crofs, and fubmit to the will of God :
The lefs of our Reward that we receive from men, we have fb
much the more to look for from Him.

A Bill for while the Bill, that had raifed fo much heat, was in agitation :
The Queen fent a Meffage to the Commons, defiring them to make
fome fuitable provifion for Prince George^ in cafe he fhould out- live
her. He was many years elder than the Queen, and was troubled
with an Aflhma, that every year had ill effedls on his health ; it had
brought him into great danger this Winter ; yet the Queen thought
it became her to provide for all events. Hem moved, that it fhould
be an hundred thoufand pounds a year: This was feconded by thofe,
who knew how acceptable the Motion would be to the Queen ; tho*

it

Prince
George,

"of iiueen Anne* 339

it was the double of what any Queen of England ever had in Join- 1 702
ture ; fo it pafled without any oppofition. But while it was pailing, ^-*5''v"'«»J
d motion was made upon a Claufe in the Ad:, which limited the cuu^fiTtha*
SuccefTion to the Hanover Family ; which provided againft ftran- "" '■ *^
gers, tho' naturalized, being capable to hold any Imployments among
us. This plainly related only to thofe, who fhould be naturalized
in a future Reign, and had no retrofpedl to fuch as were already
naturalized, or fhould be naturalized during the prefent Reign. It
was however propofed as doubtful, whether when that Family might
reign : all who were naturalized before fliould not be incapacitated
by that Claufe, from fitting in Parliament, or holding Imployments ;
and a Claufe was offered to except the Prince, from being compre-
hended in that incapacity. Againfl this two Objedions lay ; One
was, that the Lords had refolved by a Vote, to which the greater
number had fet their hands, that they would never pafs any Money
Bill, fent up to them by the Commons, to which any Claufe was
tacked, that was foreign to the Bill. They had done this, to pre-
vent the Commons from faflning matters of a different nature to a
Money Bill, and then pretending, that the Lords could not meddle
with it ; for this was a method to alter the Government, and bring
it entirely into their own hands : By this means, when money was
necefTary for preferving the Nation, they might force, not only the
Lords, but the Crown to confent to every thing they propofed, by
tacking it to a Money Bill. It was faid, that a capacity for holding
Imployments, and for fitting in the Houfe of Lords, were things of a
different nature from money ; fo that this Claufe feemed to many to
be a Tack ; Whereas others thought it was no Tack, becaufe both
parts of the Aft related to the fame perfon. The other Objedion
was, that this Claufe feemed to imply, that perfons already natura-
lized, and in pofTefHon of the Rights of natural born Subjefts, were
to be excluded in the next Reign ; tho' all people knew, that no
fuch thing was intended, when the Ad: of Succeflion pafled. Great
oppofition was made, for both thefe reafons, to the pafling this
Claufe ; but the Queen prefled it with the greatefl earneflnefs, fhe
had yet fhewed in any thing whatfoever ; She thought it became her,
as a good Wife, to have the Ad pafTed ; in which fhe might be the
more earnefl, becaufe it was not thought advifable, to move for an
Ad, that fhould take Prince George^ into a Confortfhip of the Regal
Dignity. This matter raifed a great heat in the Houfe of Lords :
Thofe, who had been advanced by the late King, and were in his
Interefts, did not think it became them to confent to this, which
feemed to be a prejudice, or at leafl, a difgrace to thofe, whom he
had raifed. The Cour'c managed the matter fo dextroufly, that the
Bill pafTed, and the Queen was highly difpleafed with thofe, who
had oppofed it, among whom I had my fhare. The Claufe was
put in the Bill, by feme in the Houfe of Commons, only becaufe

they

3 40 The History of the Reign

1702 they believed it would be oppofed by thofe, againft whom they in-
»-<^'''"*^' tended to irritate the Queen.

A further Soon after this, the Commons fent up a Bill, in favour of thofe,
Ihe"pIotcr- who had not taken the Oath, abjuring the Prince of Wales, by the
tant Succcf- day that was named ; granting them a year longer to confider of it :
for it ivas faid, that the whole Party was now come entirely into the
Queen's Interefts : Tho' on the other hand, it was given out, that
Agents were come from France, on defign to perfuade all perfons
to take the Abjuration, that they might become capable of Imploy-
ments, and fo might in time be a Majority in Parliament, and by
that means, the Ad of SuccefTion, and the Oath impofed by it,
might be repealed. When the Bill, for thus prolonging the time,
was brought up to the Lords, a Claufe was added, quaHfying thofe
perfons, who fliould in the new extent of time take the Oaths, to
return to their Benefices or Imployments, unlefs they were already
legally filled. When this was agreed, two Claufes of much greater
confequence v/ere added to the Bill. One was, declaring it High
Treafon to endeavour to defeat the Succeflion to the Crown, as it
was now hmited by Law, or to fet afide the next Succeflbr ; This
had a Precedent in the former Reign, fo it could not be denied now :
It feemed the more neceffary, becaufe there was another Perfon,
who openly claimed the Crown j fo that a further fecurity might
well be infilled on. This was a great furprize to many, who were
vifibly uneafy at the motion, but were not prepared for it, and did
not fee how it could be refifted. The other Claufe was, for fending
the Abjuration to Ireland, and obliging all there (in the fame man-
ner as in England) to take it : This feemed the more reafonable,
confidering the ftrength of the Popifh Intereft there. Both Claufes
paffed in the Houfe of Lords, without any oppofition : but it was
apprehended, that the Houfe of Commons would not be fo eafy :^
yet when it was fent to them, they ftruggled only againft the firft
Claufe, that barred the return of perfons, upon their taking the Oaths,
into places that were already filled. The Party tried their ftrength
upon this, and upon their fuccefs in it, they feemed refolved to dis-
pute the other Claufe : but it was carried, tho' only by one voice,
to agree with the Lords. When the Claufe, relating to the Succef-
fion, was read ; Mufgrave try'd if it might not be made a Bill by
it felf, and not put as a Claufe in another Bill : but he faw the Houfe
was refolved to receive both Claufes, fo he did not infift on his mo-
tion. All people were furprized to fee a Bill, that was begun in fa-
vour of the Jacobites, turned fo terribly upon them ; fince by it, we
had a new fecurity given, both in England and Ireland, for a Pro-
teftant Succeffor.
The Earl of At this time, the Earl of Rochefier quitted his place of Lord Lieu-
Rocbejier tenant of Irela^id : He was uneafy at the preference which the Duke
his'im^pioy- of Marlborough had in the Queen's confidence, and at the Lord Go-

naents. ^^/_

of ^een Anne. 34t

afe^)^/Vs being Lord Treafurcr. It was generally believed, he was 1702
endeavouring to embroil our Affairs, and that he was laying a train uj''v"^!>J
of oppofition in the Houfe of Commons : The Queen fcnt a Mef-
fage to him, ordering him to make ready to go to Ireland ; for it
feemed very ftrange, efpecially in a time of War, that a perfon, in fo
great a Poft, fhould not attend upon it : but he, after fome days
adviling about it, went to the Queen, and defired to be excufed from
that Imployment: This was readily accepted, and upon that he
withdrew from the Councils. It was immediately offered to the
Duke of Ormondj and he was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
The Duke of Ormonde upon his firft arrival from the expedition to
Cadizy complained very openly of RooKs Condud, and feemed re- Rook\ can-
folved to carry the matter, to a publick accufation : But the*^".^f*.

r 11-r. 1 Ml* iTTrr^ mined and

Court round the Party, that prevailed m the Houle ot Commons, juftified.
determined to juftify Rook; fo to comply with this, the Queen made
him a Privy Counfellor, r.nd much pains were taken on the Duke
of Ormond to ftifle his refentments : He was in a great meafure foft-
ten'd, yet he had made his complaints to fo many Lords, that they
moved the Houfe to examine, both his Inftrudlions and the Journals
relating to that Expedition. A Committee of the Houfe of Peers fate
long upon the matter : They examined all the Admirals and Land
Officers, as well as Rook himfelf, upon the whole progrefs of that Af-
fair. Rook was fo well fupported by the Court, and by his Party in
the Houfe of Commons, that he feemed to defpife all that the Lords
could do. Some, who underftood Sea matters, faid, that it appear-
ed from every motion that he made during the Expedition, that he
intended to do not?hing but amufe and make a fhew : They alfo
concluded, from the protection that the Miniftry gave him, that they
intended no other. He took much pains to (hew, how improper a
thing a Defcent on Cadiz was, and how fatal the Attempt muff have
proved : and in doing this, he arraigned his Inftrudrions, and the
Defrgn he was lent on, with great boldnefs, and (hewed little regard
to the Minifters ; who took more pains to bring him off, than to jufti-
fy themfelves. The Lords of the Committee prepared a Report,
which was hard upon Rook^ and laid it before the Houfe ; but fo
ftrong a party was made, to oppofe every thing that refledled on him,
that tho' every particular in the Report was well proved, yet it was
rejeded, and a Vote was carried in his favour, juftifying his whole
Condud:. The great Imployment given to the Duke of Ormond^ fo
effedually prevailed on him, that tho' the enquiry was fet on by his
means, and upon his fuggeftions, yet he came not to the Houfe,
when it was brought to a conclufron : So Rook^ being but faintly
pufhed by him, and moft zealoufty fupported by his party, was juf-
tified by a Vote, though univerfally condemned by more impartial
Judges. The behaviour of the Miniftry in this matter heightened
the jealoufies, with which many were poffefled, for it was inferred.
Vol. II. S s s s that

342 The History of the Reign

1702 that they were not in earneft in this whole Expedition ; fince tli^
U^v""''*-' condu(St, being fo contrary to the inftnidions, their juflifying the one,

was plainly condemning the other.
The enquiry The Report madc by the Commiflioners, appointed to take the
Se pubiick publick Accounts, was another bufinefs, that took up much time in
Accounts, ^jjjs Sefllon, and occafioned many Debates. They pretended, th^t
they had made great difcoverics ; They began with the Earl of Rane-
laghy who had been in great Pofts ; and had all the arts that were
neceffary to recommend a man in a Court ; who ftuck at nothing,
that could maintain his Intereft, with thofe whom he ferved : He
had been Pay-mafter of the Army in King James\ time; and being
very fit for the Poft, he had been continued all the laft Reign : He
had lived high, and fo it was believed, his appointments could not
fupport fo great an expence : He had an Account of one and twen-
ty Millions lay upon him. It was given out, that a great deal of
the money, lodged in his Office, for the pay of the Army, was di-
verted to other ufes, diftributed among Favourites, or given to cor-
rupt Members of Parliamejit ; and that fome Millions had been fent
over to Holland: It had been often faid, that great difcoveries would
be made, whenfoever his Accounts were looked into : and that he, to
fave himfelf, would lay open the ill practices of the former Reign.
But now, when all was brought under a ftridl examination, a few
inconfiderable Articles, of fome hundreds of pounds, was all that
could be found to be objefted to him : and even to thefe, he
gave clear and full Anfwers. At laft they found, that, upon
the breaking of a Regiment, a Sum which he had iflued out
for its pay, had been returned to his Office, the Regiment be-
ing broke fooner, than that pay was exhaufted : and that no en-
/ try of this was made in his Accounts. To this he anfwered, that

his Officer, who received the money, was within three days after,
taken fo ill of a confirmed Stone, that he never came again to the
Office, but died in great mifery : and during thofe three days, he
had not enter'd that Sum in the Books. Lord Ranelagh acknow-
ledged, that he was liable to account for all the money that was re-
ceived by his Under Officers; but here was no crime or fraud de-
figned ; yet this was fo aggravated, that he faw hii good Poft was
his greateft guilt : So he quitted that, which was divided into two :
One was appointed to be Pay-mafter of the Guards and Garrifons at
home ; and another, of the Forces that were kept beyond Sea : How
had the firfl, as being the more lafting Poft. With this, all the
clamour raifed againft the Earl oi Ranelagh was let fall ; yet to make
a fhew of feverity, he was expelled the Houfe ; But he appeared, up-
on all this canvaffing, to be much more innocent, than even hi«
The Cla- friends had believed him.

thribrme"^ The Clamour that had been long kept up againft the former Mi-
Rcign ftiii niflxy, as Devourers of the Publick Treafure, was of fuch ufe to the
''^^^"P- . Party,

of ^een Anne. 343

Party, that they refolved to continue it, by all poflible methods : So a 1702
Committee of the Houfe of Commons prepared a long Addrcfs to the v>tf'^v"VJ
Queen, refleding on the ill management of the Funds, upon which
they laid the great Debt of the Nation, and not upon the Deficien-
cies : This was branched out into many particulars, which were all
heavily aggravated. Yet, tho' a great part of the outcry had been
formerly made againft Ruffel, Treafurer of the Navy, and his Office,
they found not fo much as a colour to fix a Complaint there : Nor
could they charge any thing on the Chancery, the Treafury, or the
Adminiftration of Juftice. Great Complaints were made of fbme
Accounts, that flood long out, and they infifted on fome pretended
negle6ls, [the old methods of the Exchequer not having been ex-
actly followed : tho' it did not appear, that the Publick fufFered in
any fort by thofe failures. They kept up a clamour likewife againft
the CommifTioners of the Prizes, tho' they had paft their Accounts, as
the Law dircded ; and no objedion was made to them. The Ad-
drefs was full of fevere refleftions and fpiteful infinuations ; and
thus it was carried to the Queen, and publiOied to the Nation, as the
fence of the Commons of England.

The Lords, to prevent the ill impreflions this might make, 2ip- it was «a-
pointed a Committee, to examine all the obfervations, that the Com- ^'"^X
miilioners of Accounts had offered to both Houfes : They fearched and found
all the Publick Offices, and were amazed to find, that there was not lidcj.
one Article, in all the long Addrefs that the Commons had made to
the Queen, or in the Obfervations then before them, that was of any
importance, but what was falfe in fad. They found the Deficiencies
in the former Reign were of two fdrts : the one was of Sums, that
the Commons had vofed, but for which, they had mad^ no fort of
provifion : The other was, where the Supply that was given came
fhort of the Sum it was eftimated at : and between thefe two, the
Deficiencies amounted to fourteen Millions : This was the root of the
great Debt that lay on the Nation. They examined into all the pre-
tended mifmanagement, and found that what the Commons had fta-
ted foinvidioufly was miftaken. So far had the late King and his
Minifters beer^, from mifapplying the money th^-t was given for Pub-
lick Occafions, that he applied three Millions to the Publick Service,
that by Law was his own Money, of which they made up the ac-
count. They alfo found, tliat fome fmall omiffions, in fome of the
forms of the Exchequer, were of no confequence, and neither had
nor could have any ill efFed : and whereas a great clamour was raif-
ed againft paffing of Accounts by Privy Seals, they put an end to that
effedually, when it appeared on what ground this was done. By
the ancient methods of the Exchequer, every Account was to be car-
ried on, fo that the new Officer was to begin his Account with the
balance of the former Account ; Sir Edward Seimour^ who had been
Treafurer of the Navy, owed by his laft account, an hundred and

eighty

344 ^^ History^ the Reign

1702 eighty thoufand pounds, and he had received after that an hundred
t<5='''V^^ and forty thoufand pounds, for which theAccounts were never made
up : Now it was not poflible for thofe who came after him, to be
liable for his Accounts : Therefore the Treafurers of the Navy in the
laft Reign, were forced to take out Privy Seals for making up their
. Accounts : Thefe imported no more, than that they were to account
only for the money that they themfelves had received: for in all
other refpeds, their Accounts were to pafs, according to the ordinary
methods of the Exchequer. Complaints had been alfo made of the
remifsnefs of the Lords of the Treafury, or their Officers, appointed
to account with the Receivers of Counties, for the Aids that had been
given : but when this was examined, it appeared, that this had been
done with fuch exadnefs, that of^the fum of twenty four Millions,
for which they had accounted, there was not owing above lixty thou-
fand pounds, and that was for the moft part in Wales ; where it
was not thought advifable to ufe too much rigour in railing it : and
of that fum, there was not above fourteen thoufand pounds, that
was to be reckoned as loft. The CoUedors of the Cuftoms likewife
anfwered all the obfervations made, on their accounts fo fully, that
the Houfe of Commons was fatisfied with their Anfwers, and dif-
mifTed them, without fomuchTas .a reprimand. All this was re-
ported to the Houfe of Lords, and they laid it before the Queen in
an Addrefs, whiph was afterwards printed with the Vouchers to
every particular : By this means, it was made out to the fatisfadlion
of the whole Nation, how falfe thofe Reports were, which had been
fo induftrioufly Ipre^d, and were fo ealily believed by the greater
part : for the bulk of Mankind will be always apt to think, that
Courts and Minifters ferve their own ends, and ftudy to enrich
themfelves at the publick coft. This Examination held long, and
was followed with great exaftnefs, and had all the effed; that could
be defired from it : for it {ilenced that noife, which the late King's
enemies had raifed, to afperfe him and his Minifters. With this
the Seffion of Parliament ended. In it the Lords had rendered them-
felves very conftderable, and had gained an univerfal Reputation over
the whole Nation : It is true, thofe who had cppof • i the perfon?,
that had carried matters before them in this Seflion, were fo near
them in number, that things of the greateft confequence were carried
only by one or two voices ; therefore as they intended to have a clear
Majority in both Houfes, in the next Seffion, they prevailed with
the Queertj foon after the Prorogation, to create four new Peers,
Some new "^^^ -^^^ been the violenteft of the whole Party ; Fi?tch, Gower,
Peers made, Gra?tvil, and young Seimour, were made Barons. Great rcfledions
were made upon this Promotion ; When fome fevere things had been
thrown out in the Houfe of Commons upon the oppolition, that
they met with from the Lords, it was infinuated, that it would be
eafy to find men of Merit and Eftate to make a clear Majority in

that

of ^een Anne. 34J

that Houfe : This was an open declaration of a defign, to put eve- 1702
ly thing in the hands and power of that Party : It was alfo an en- '<^^'^^^''*^
croachment on one of the tendereft points of the Prerogative, td
make motions of creating Peers in the Houfe of Commons. Hervey^
tho' of the other fide, was at the fame time made a Baron, by pri-
vate favour. Thus the SefTion of Parliament was brought to a much
better conclufion, than could have been reafonably expeded by thofe,
who knew of whom it was conftitutcd, and how it had begun. No
harm was done in it : The Succeflion was fortified by a new fecu-
rity, and the popular clamours of Corruption and Peculate, with
which the Nation had been fo much poflefled, were in a great mea-
fure diflipated.

The Proceedings of the Convocation, which fate at the fame time, The Pro-
are next to be related : At the firft opening of it, there was a Con- ^"'''"^\'"
teft between the Two Houfes, that lafted fome days, concerning an tion.
Addrefs to the Queen. The Lower Houfe intended to caft fome
reflexions on the former Reign, in imitation of what the Houfe of
Commons had done, and thefe were worded fo invidioufly, that
moft of the Bifhops were pointed at by them ; but the Upper Houfe^
refufing to concur, the Lower Houfe receded, and fo they both a-
greed in a very decent Addrefs. The Queen received it gracioufly,
promifing all favour and protedion to the Church, and exhorting
them all to Peace and Union among themfelves. After this, the
Lower Houfe made an Addrefs to the Bifhops, that they might find
an expedient, for putting an end to thofe Difputes, that had ftopt
the Proceedings of former Convocations : The Bifhops refolved to
offer them all that they could, without giving up their Character and
Authority : So they made a Propofition, that, in the intervals of Sef-
fions, the Lower Houfe might appoint Committees to prepare Mat-
ters, and when bufinefs was brought regularly before them, that the
Archbifhop fhould fb. order the Prorogations, that they might have
convenient and Sufficient time, to fit and deliberate about it. This
fully fatisfied many of that Body ; But the Majority thought, this
kept the matter ftill in the Archbifhop's Power, as it was indeed in-
tended it fhould : So they made another application to the Bifhops,
defiring them to refer the points in queftion to the Queen's decifion,
and to fuch as fhe fhould appoint to hear and fettle them. To this
the Bifhops anfwered, that they reckoned themfelves fafe and happy
in the Queen's Proteftion, and would pay all due fubmiffion to her
Pleafure and Orders : But the Rights, which the Conftitution of the
Church and the Law had vefled in them, were Trufts lodged . with
them, which they were to convey to their Succeflbrs, as they had
received them from their Predeceffors, and that it was not in their
power to refer them. It would have been a ftrange fight, very ac-
ceptable to the enemies of the Church, chiefly to Papifts, to fee the
Two Houfes of Convocation, pleading their Authority and Rights

Vol. n. . Tttt ^ before

546 The History of the Reign

1702 before a Committee of Council, that was to determine the matter,
u^^^'syj This failing, the Lower Houfe tried what they could obtain of the
Houfe oi Commons ; but they could not be carried further than a
general Vote, which amounted to nothing, that they would ftand
by them in all their juft Rights and Privileges. They next made
a feparate Addrefs to the Queen, defiring her Protedion, praying
her to hear and determine the Difpute : She received this favour-
ably ; ftie faid, fhe would confider of it, and fend them Her an-
fwer The matter was now brought into the hands of the Minifters ;
The Earl of Nottingham was of their fiidc, but confeffed that he
underjftood not the Controverfy ; The Judges and the Queen's
Council were ordered to examine, how the matter flood in point of
Law, which was thus ftated to them : The conftant prad:ice, as
far as we had Books or Records, was, that the Archbifhop prorogued
the Convocation by a Schedule ; of this the Form was fo fixed, that
it could not be altered but by Ad of Parliament : There was a
Claufe in the Schedule, that continued all matters before the Convo-
cation, in the ftate in which they then were, to the day, to which
He prorogued them; this made it evident, that there could be
no intermediate Seffion, for a Seflion of the Lower Houfe could,
by pafTmg a Vote in any matter, alter the flate in which it was. It
was kept a fecret, what opinion the Lawyers came to, in this matter.
It was not doubted, but they were againfl the pretenfions of the
Lower Houfe ; The Queen made no Anfwer to their Addrefs; and
it was believed, that the reafon of this was, becaufe the Anfwer mufl,
according to the opinion of Lawyers, have been contrary to what
they expefted : and therefore the Minifters chofe rather, to give no
Anfwer, and that it fhould feem to be forgot, than that fuch an one
fhould be given, as would put an end to the Debate, which they
intended to cherifh and fupport. ,

The Lower Houfe finding, that by oppofing their Bifhops in {o
rough as well as in fo unheard of a manner, they were reprefented
as favourers of Presbytery ; to clear themfelves of that imputation,
came fuddenly into a conclufion, that Epifcopacy was of Divine and
Apoftolical Right. The Party that ftuck together in their Votes,
and kept their intermediate Seffions figned this, and brought it up
to the Bifhops, defiring them to concur in fettling the matter ; fo
that it might be the ftanding Rule of the Church. This was a plain
attempt to make a Canon or Conftitution, without obtaining a Royal
Licence, which by the Statute confirming tlie fubmiffion of the
Clergy in King Henry the Eighth's time, made both them, and all
who chofe them, incur a Premunirs; So the Bifhops refolved not to
entertain«the Propofition, and a great many of the Lower Houfe ap-
prehending, what the confequence of fuch proceedings might be, by
a Petition to the Bifhops, pray'd that it might be enter'd in their
Books, that they had not concurred i^ that Definition, nor in the

Addrefs

of ^een Anne. 347

Addrefs made purfuant to it. The Lower Houfe looked on what 1702
they did in this matter, as a Mafter-piece : for if the Bifhops con- (-^'''V"'^
CLirrcd with them, they reckoned they gained their point : and if
they refufed it, they refolved to make them, who would not come
lip to fuch a politive Definition, pafs for fecret favourers of Presby-
tery. But the Bifhops faw into their defigns, and fent them for An-
fwer. That they acquicfced in the Declaration, that was already
made on that head, in the Preface to the Book of Ordinations ; and
that they did not think it fafe, pither for them or for the Clergy, to
go further in tliat matter, without a Royal Licence. To this, a
dark Anfwer was made, and fb all thcfe matters were at a full ftand,
when the Seflion came to an end, by the Prorogation of the Parlia-
ment ; which was become neceflary, the Two Houfes being fixed
in an oppofition to one another.

From thofe Difputes in Convocation, Divifions ran thro' the whole Great dif-
Body of the Clergy, and to fix thefe, new names were found out : mong°tbe *
they were diftinguifhed by the names of HIGH CHURCH Clergy
and L O W C H U R C H. All that treated the Diflenters with
temper and moderation, and were for refiding conftantly at their
Cures, and for labouring diligently in them ; that exprefled a zeal
againft the Prince of Wales., and for the Revolution ; that wiflied
well to the prefent War, and to the AHiance againft France^ were
reprefented as fecret favourers of Presbytery, and as ill affe<Sted to
the Church, and were called Low Churchmen : it was faid, that
they were in the Church only, while the Law and Preferments
were on its fide ; but that they were ready to give it up, aflbon as
they faw a proper time for declaring themfelves : With thele falle
and invidious Characters did the High Party endeavour to load all
tjbole, who could not be brought into their meafures and defigns.
When the Seflion was at an end, the Court was wholly taken up
with thd preparations for the Campaign.

The Duke of Marlborough had a great domeftick afllidiion at 170-2
this. time: He loft his only Son, a graceful perfon, and a very pro- k./P's/"'^^
mifing youth : He died at Cambridge of the Small Pox : This, as foX'clm-
may be imagined, went very deep in his Father's heart, and ftopt paign.
his pafling the Seas fome days longer than he had intended. Upon
his arrival on the other fide, the Dutch brought their Armies into
the Field : The firft thing they undertook, was the Siege of Bonne,
In the mean while, all mens eyes were turned towards Bavaria :
The Court of Vienna had given it out, all the former Winter, that
they would bring fuch a Force upon that Eledor, as would quick-
ly put an end to that War, and feize his whole Counlyy. But
the flownefs of that Court appeared on this, as it had done on
many other occafions : For tho they brought two Armies into the
Field, yet they were not able to deal with the Eledor's Forces ;

Villars,

348 The HistORY of the Reign

iyo3 Villars^ who lay with his Army at Strazbourg.^ had Orders tci
^^^^""^/"^^ break thro' and join the Eleftor : So he was to force his way to
him, at all adventures. He paffed the Rhine^ and fet down before
Fort Keilj which lay over againft Strasbourg, and took it in a few
days. Prince Lewis was in no condition to raife the Siege ; for the
beft part of his Army was called away to the War in Bavaria : He
therefore pofted himfelf advantageoufly at Stollhoffen, yet he could
not have maintained it, if the States had not fent him a good
Body of Foot, which came feafonably, a few days before Maref-
chal Villars attack'd him with an Army, that was more than
double his number : But his Men, chiefly the Dutch Battalionsj
received them with fo much courage, that the French were forc-
ed to quit the attack, after they had loft about four thoufand
Men in it. Yet, upon repeated Orders from France, Marefchal
Villars refolved to venture the lofs of his whole Army, rather than
,^ abandon the Eledlor ; who, tho' he had taken Newburg, and had

furprized Ratisbon, and had feveral advantages in little engage-
ments with the Imperialifts, yet was like to be over-pow;ered by
a fuperior Force, if he was not relieved in time. The Black Fo-
reft was thought impracticable in that fealbn, which was a very
wet one ; This was to much trufted to, fo that the Pafles were
ill looked after : and therefore Villars overcame all difficulties, and
joined the Eledor : but his Troops were (o harrafTed with the
March, that he was obliged to put them, for fome time, into Quar-
ters of Refrefhment.
Soiinetakcn. The Duke of Marlborough carried on the Siege of Bonne, with
fuch vigour, that they capitulated within ten days after the Trenches
were opened ; The French reckoned upon a longer reflftance, and
hoped to have diverted this by an attempt upon Liege : The States
had a fmall Army about Majlricht, which the Fre7ich intended to
fall upon, being much fuperior to it : But they found the Dutch in
fo good order, and fo well pofted, that they retired within their
Lines, affoon as they faw the Duke of Marlborough, after the Siege
of Bonne, was marching towards them. The Winter had produced
very little action in Italy : The Country was under another heavy
Plague, by a continued fucceffion of threatning, and of fome very
^uakes in dcvouring Earthquakes : ' Rome itfelf had a fhare in the common Ca-
Italy. lamity : but it proved to them more dreadful, than it was mifchie-
vous. Prince Eugene found that his Letters, and the moft prefiing
reprelentations he could fend to the Court of Vienna, had no ef-
fed: : fo at laft he obtained leave to go thither.
The Battle The Motions of the Dutch Army made it believed, there was a de-
af Eckeren. ^gj^ q^ Antwerp : Cohorn was making Advances in the Dutch Flan*
ders, and Opdam commanded a fmall Army on the other fide of the
Scheld, while the Duke of Marlborough lay with the main Army,
near the Lines in Brabant, Boujlers was detached from Villeroy\

Army,

of ^een Annex" 349

Army, with a Body, double in number to Opdam^ to fall on him; 1703
he marched fo quick, that the Dutch^ being furprized at Eckere/ty <^(^'y^-'^
were put in great diforder, and Opdamj apprehending all was loft,
fled with a Body of his Men to Breda : but the Dutch rallied, and
maintained their ground with fuch firmnefs, that the French retired,
little to their honour ; fmcc tho' they were much fupcrior in num-
ber, yet they let the Dutch recover out of their iirft confufion, and
keep their ground, although forfaken by their General, who juftified
himfelf in the beft manner he could, and call the blame on others.

Bouflers\ Condud was fo much cenfured, that it was thought this
finifhed his difgrace ; for he was no more put at the head of the
French Armies : Nor was the Duke of Marlborough without fome
fhare of cenfure on this occafion, fince it was pretended, that he
ought to have fent a force to fupport Opdam^ or have made an at-
tempt on Villeroy\ Army, when it was weakened by the detachment
fent with Bouflers.

The French Lines were judged to be fo ftrong, that the forcing Buy, Lim-
them feemed impracticable, fo the Duke of Marlborough turned to- g^'^'^/^*"'^
wards /Zz^y, which was foon taken ; and after that to Z//;«/^(?/<f/^, which with all the
he took with no lofs, but that of fo much time, as was neccffary to faken'!''^
bring up a train of Artillery : and as foon as that was done, the Gar-
rifon were made Prifoners of War, for they were in no condition to
maintain a Siege. Guelder was alfo blockt up, fo that before the
end of the Campaign, it was brought to capitulate. Thus the Low
Rhine was fecured, and all that Country, called the Coudras, was in-
tirely reduced : This was all that our Troops, in conjundion with
the Dutchy could do in Flanders : We had the fuperior Army, but
what by reafon of the cautious maxims of the StateSy what by reafbn
of the Fadions among them, which were rifing very high, between
thofe, who had been of the late King's Party, and were now for hav-
ing a Captain General, and thofe of the Lovejlein Party, who were
for governing all by a deputation from the States^ no great delign
could be undertaken by an Army fo much diftraded.

In the Upper Rhiney matters went much worfe j Villars lay, for The fuccc(v
fome time on the Danubey while the Eledor of Bavaria marched °n^hf 2!"^'''
into Tiroly and poflefTed himfelf of Infpruck : The Emperor's Force 7iube.
was fo broken into many fmall Armies, in different places, that
he had not one good one any where : he had none at all in Ttrol :
and all that the Prince of Baden could do, was to watch Villars\
motions : but he did not venture on attacking him, during this fe-
paration. Many blamed his condud: : fome called his courage, and
others his fidelity in queftion ; while many excufed him, fince his
Army was both weak, and ill furnifhed in all refpeds. The Duke
of Vendome had Orders to march from the Milaneze to Tiroly there
to join the Eledor of Bavaria : upon which jundion, the ruin of
the Houfe of Aujlria would have probably followed : But the Boors

Vol. II, U u u u in

3J0 The VLisroKY of the Reign

1703 in Tirol rofe, and attack'd the Eledlor with fo much refolution, that
<^^f^^/"'^ he was forced to retire out of the Country, with confiderable lofs,
and was driyen out before the Duke of Vendcme could join him, fo
that he came too late : He feemed to have a defign on Trent^ but
the Boors were now fo animated with their fuccelTes, and were fo con-
duced and fupported by Officers and Troops fent them by the Em-
peror, that Fendome was forced to return back, without being able
to effed any thing.
Little done Nothing paflcd this Summer in Italy : The ImperiaHfts were too
in iiaij. weak, and too ill fupplied from Germany^ to be able to ad: offen-
fively : and the mifcarriage of the defign upon Tirol^ loft the French
fo much time, that they undertook nothing, unlefs it were the Siege
of OJliglia, in which they failed. Berfello^ after a long Blockade,
was forced to capitulate, and by that means, the French poffefled
themfelves of the Duke of Modena\ Country ; The Duke of Bur-
gundy came to Alface^ and fate down before Brifack^ of which he
was foon Matter, by the cowardice or treachery of thofe who com-r
manded, for which they were condemned by a Council of War.
A War be- The Empcror's misfortunes grew upon him ; Cardinal Cdlonitz
gm in Him- and Ffierhaji had the Government oi Hungary^ trufted chiefly to
^'^'^" them : The former was fo cruel, and the other fo ravenous, that the

Hungarians took advantage from this diftradion in the Emperor's
Affairs, to run together in great bodies, and in many places, fetting
Prince Ragotzki at their head. They demanded, that their Grie-
vances fhould be redreffed, and that their Privileges fhould be re-
ftored : They were much animated in this, by the praftices of the
French^ and the Eledor of Bavaria's Agents : Some fmall afliftance
was fent them by the way of Poland ; They were encouraged to
enter upon no Treaty, but to unite and fortify themfelves; affurances
being given them, that no Peace fhould be concluded, unlefs they
were fully reftored to all their antient Liberties.
Diforders in 1 ^c Court of Vienna was much alarmed at this ; fearing it might
the Empe- j^g fecrctly fet on by the Turh : tho' that Court gave all pofTible af-
rors our. ^^^.^j^^^gg^ that they would maintain the VtdiCG o^ Carlowitz moft re-
ligioufly, and that they would in no fort encourage or affift*the
Malecontents. A Revolution happening in that Empire, in which
a new Sultan was fet up, raifed new apprehenfions of a breach on
X that fide: But the Sultan renewed the affurances of maintaining the

Peace fo folemnly, that all thofe fears were foon difTipated. There
was a great Fadtion in the Emperor's Court, and among his Minif-
ters ; and it did not appear, that he had ftrength of Genius enough
to govern them. Count Mansfield was much fufpedled of being in the
Interefts of France ; The Prince of Baden^ and Prince Eugene, both
agreed in charging his Condud, tho' they differed almoft in every
thing elfe : yet he was fo poffeffed of the Emperor's favour and con-
fidence, that it was not eafy to get him fet afide : In conclufion, he

was

of ^een Anne. 35-1

was advanced to a high Poft in the Emperor's Houfhold, and Prince 1 703
Eugene was made Prefident of the Council of War. UJ^'''-^^J

But what effeft foever this might have in fuccecding Campaigns, /lugibourg
it was then too late in the year to find remedies for the prefent dif- 5"^, ,aken
orders : and all Affairs on the South of the Danube were falling ^v ^^*1J
into great confufion. Things went a little better on the North fide
of that River : The Upper Palatinate was entirely conquered ; but
near the end of the year, Augsbourg was forced to fubmit to the
Eledor of Bavaria^ and Landaw was befieged by the French : Tal-
lardj who commanded the Siege, took it in fewer Weeks, than it had
coft the Germans Months, to take it the former year: Nor was this all,
an Army of the Confederates was brought together to rai(e the Siege:
The young Prince of Hejfe commanded, but the Prince of Najfaw
Welburg, as a man of more experience in War, was chiefly depended
on ; tho' his condud: (hewed how little he deferved it. The Emperor's
Birth-day, was a day of diverfion, and the German Generals, then
at Spire, allowed themfelves all the idle liberties, ufcd in Courts
on fuch days, without the ordinary precaution, of having Scouts
or Parties abroad, in the fame carelefs ftate, as if no Enemy had
been near them. Tallard, having intelligence of this, left a Party
of his Army to make a fhew, and maintain the Works before Lan-
daw ; and marched with his beft Troops againft the Germans : He
furprized and routed them : upon which Landaw capitulated : with
this the warlike, operations of this Campaign ended, very gloriou fly,
and with great advantage to the French.

But two great Negotiations, then brought to a concluflon, very ^ r^^^^^^
much changed the face of Affairs : All the Confederates preffed the with the
King of Portugal to come into the Alliance, as his own intereft <pmi^gaL
led him to it ; fmce it was vifible, that as foon as Spain was once
united to the Crown of France, he could not hope to continue
long in Portugal. The Almirante of Cajiile was believed to be in
the Interefts of the Houfe of Aujlria ; therefore to fend him out
of the way, he was appointed to go Ambaffador to France \ He
feemed to undertake it, and made the neceffary preparations ; He
faw this Embaffy was intended for an Exile, and that it put him
in the power of his enemies ; So, after he had raifed what was
neceflary to defray his expence, he fecretly changed his courfe, and
efcaped with the Wealth he had in his hands to Lisbon : where he
entered into fecret Negotiations with the King of Portugal, and
the Emperor : He gave great afllirances of the good difpofitions, in
which both the People and Grandees of Spai?i were, who were
grown fick of their new Mafters. The rifque, he himfelf ran,
feemed a very fiill credential ; He aflured them, the new King was
defpifed, and that the French about him were univerfally hated ;
The Spaniards could not bear the being made a Province, either
to ir^we or to the Emperor. If^ f^ ' - .^

He

3 y 2 The His'tOKY of the Reign

1703 He therefore propofed that the Emperor and the King of the
**<^"V'^ Romans fhould renounce all their pretenfions, and transfer them
to the Archduke, and declare him King of Spain ; and that he
fhould be immediately fent thither ; for he affured them, the Spa-
niards would not revolt from a King that was in poffeffion, till
they faw another King, who claimed his Right : and in that cafe,
they would think they had a right to adhere to the King they lik-
ed beft : The King of Por/f^^^<3/ like wife demanded an enlargement
of his Frontiers, and fome new acceffions to his Crown, -which
were reafonable, but could not be ftipulated, but by a King of
Spain.

In the Treaty, that the Emperor had made with the late King,
and with the States., one Article was, that they fhould be at liber-
ty to pofTefs themfelves of the Dominions, which the Crown of
Spain had in the Weft-Indies^ and he vefted in them the right,
that their Arms fhould give them, in thefe Acquifitions ; upon
which the King had deligned to fend a great Fleet, with a Land
Army, into the Bay of Mexico., to feize fome important places there,
v/ith a defign of reftoring them to the Crown of Spain, upon ad-
vantageous Articles for a free Trade, as foon as the Spaniards fhould
receive a King of the Houfe of Aujlria. This delign was now
laid alide, and the reafon that the Minifters gave for it, was, that
the Almirante had affured them, that if we pofTefTed our felves
of any of their places in the Wefi-Indies, the whole Nation would
by that means become entirely French ; they would never believe
our promifes of reftoring them ; and feeing they had no Naval
Power of their own to recover them, they would go into the French
Intereft very cordially, as the only way left to recover thefe Places.

An entire credit was given to the Almirante ; So the Queen and the
States agreed to fend over a great Fleet, with a Land Army of twelve
thoufand Men, together with a great fupply of Money and Arms to
Portugal ; that King undertaking to have an Army of twenty eight
thoufand Men ready to join ours. In this Treaty, an incident hap-
pened, that had almoft fpoiled the whole ; The King of Portugal
infifted, on demanding the Flag, and the other Refpeds to be
paid by our Admiral, when he was in his Ports ; The Earl of
Nottingham infifted, it was a difhonour to England to ftrike, even
in another King's Ports ; This was not demanded of the Fleet,
that was fent to bring over Queen Katharine, fb, tho' Methuen our
AmbafTador, had agreed to this Article, he preffed the Queen not
to ratify it.

Methuen, in his own juftification, faid, he confented to the Ar-
ticle, becaufe he faw it was infifted on fo much, that no Treaty
could be concluded, unlefs that Point were yielded : The low
ftate of their afTairs, in the year 1662, when the Protedion of
England was all they had in view, for their prefervation, made

fuch

of ^een Anne/' jyj

fuch a difFerence between that and the prefent time, that the one 1703
was not to be fet up for a Precedent to govern the other : beiides, t<5''V>>J
even then the matter was much contefted in their Councils, tho'
the extremities, to which they were reduced, made them yield it.
The Lord Godolphi?i looked on this, as too inconfiderable to be in-
flfted on, the whole affairs of Europe feemed to turn upon this Trea-
ty, and fo important a matter ought not to be retarded a day for
fuch Pundliho's, as a falute or ftriking the Flag : and it feemed rea-
fonable, that every Sovereign Prince fhould claim this acknowledg-
ment, unlefs where it was othcrwife ftipulated by exprefs Treaties.
The laying fo much weight on fuch Matters, very much heigh-
tened jealoufies ; and it was faid, that the Earl of Nottingham and
the Tories feemed to lay hold on every thing that could ob(lru6t
the progrefs of the War ; while the round proceeding of die Lord
Godolphin reconciled many to him. The Queen confirmed the
Treaty ; upon which, the Court of Vienna was defired to do their
part. But that Court proceeded with its ordinary flownefs ; The
mildeft Cenfure paft on thefe delays was, that they proceeded
from an unreafonable affectation of Magnificence in the Ceremo-
nial, which could not be performed foon nor eafily, in a poor but
a haughty Court : It was done at laft, but fo late in the year,
that the new declared King of Spain could not reach Holland^ be-
fore die end of OEiober. A Squadron of our Fleet was lying
there, to bring him over ; fuch as was wont to convoy the late
King, when he croffed the Seas. But the Minifters of the King
of Spain thought it was not ftrong enough ; They pretended,
they had advertifements, that the French had a ftronger Squadron
in Dunkirk^ which might be fent out to intercept him : fo an
additional ftrength was fent ; this loft fome time, and a fair
wind.

It had like to have been more fatal ; for about the end of No'- The great
vember the Weather grew very boifterous, and broke out on the }^'"1'"^'''
27th of November y in the moft violent Storm, both by Sea and
Land, that had been known in the memory of man : The City of
London was fo fliaken with it, that people were generally afraid
of being buried in the mines of their houfes : Some houles fell and
crufhed their Mafters to death: great hurt was done in the Sou-
thern parts of England', little happening in the North, where the
Storm was not fo violent. There was a great fall of Trees, chief-
ly of Elms, that were blown down by the wind. We had, at
that time, the beft part of our Naval Force upon the Sea : which
filled all people with ^reat apprehenfions of an irreparable lofs ;
and indeed, if the Storm had not been at its height at full Flood,
and in a Spring tide, the lofs might have proved fatal to the Na-
tion. It was fo conliderable, that fourteen or fifteen Men of War
were caft away, in which 1 500 Seamen perifhed ; Few Merchant-
VoL. II. X X X X men

354 ^^ History of the Reign

1703 men were loft; fuch as were driven to Sea were (life: fomc few
^-^J^'v^"'^ only were over-fet. Thus the moft threatning danger, to which
the Nation could be expofed, went oft with little damage : we all
faw our hazard, fince the lofs of our Fleet muft have been the
lofs of the Nation. If this great Hurricane had come at Low wa-
ter, or in a quarter tide, our Ships muft have been driven out
upon the Banks of Sand, that lie before the Coaft, and have ftuck
and periftied there, as fome of the Men of War did : but the Sea
being fo full of water, all but fome heavy Ships got over thefe
fafe : Our Squadron, which was then in the Maefe^ fuffered but
little, and the Ships were foon refitted, and ready to fail.
The new About the end of December the King of Spain landed at Portf-
^'"8 «f mouth ; The Duke of Somerfet was fent by the Queen to receive

Spain came » ,.1. t • i-i 1

to Evgiavd. him, and to brmg him to an Interview, which was to be at Wind-
for ; Prince George went and met him on the way, and he was
treated with great Magnificence : The Court was very fplendid,
and much thronged ; The Queen's Behaviour towards him was
very noble and obliging 5 The young King charmed all that were
there ; he had a gravity beyond his Age, tempered with much
modefty ; His behaviour was in all points fo exact, that there was
not a circumftance, in his whole deportment, that was liable to
cenfure ; He paid an extraordinary Refpeft to the Queen, and yet
maintained a due greatnefs in it 5 He had an art of feeming well
pleafed with every thing, without fo much as fmiling once all the
while he was at Court, which was only three days ; He fpoke but
Httle, and all he faid was judicious and obliging 5 All poflible
hafte was made, in fitting out the Fleet, fo that he fet fail in the
beginning of January, and for five days he had a fair wind with
good weather, but then the wind changed, and he was driven back
to Port/mouth ; He lay there above three weeks, and then he had
a very profperous Navigation. The Forces, that were ordered to
go over to his aftlftance, were by this time got ready to attend on
him, fo he failed with a great Fleet, both of Men of War and
He landed Traufport Ships : He arrived happily at Lisbo7i, where he was re-
ar Lisbon, (-eiyed vf'ixh all the outward expreiTions of joy and welcome, and
at an expence, in a vain magnificence, which. that Court could
not well bear : but a National Vanity prevailed to carry this too
far, by which other things, that were more neceflary, were neg-
lected : That Court was then very melancholy ; for the young In-
fant a, whom the King of Spain was to have married, as had been
agreed, died a few days before his arrival.

While this Negotiation with Portugal was carried on, the Duke
of Savoy began to fee his own danger, if the two Crowns fhould
come to be united ; and he faw, that if the King of France drove
the ImperiaHfts out of Italy, and became Mafter of the Milanese,
he muft lie expofed, and at mercy; He had married his two

Daugh-,

of ^een Ann e. 3j j

Daughters to the Duke of Burgundy^ and to King Philip of 1703
Spain ; but as he wrote to the Emperor, he was now to take care "^yCtT^
of himfelf and his Son : His Alliance with France was only for one oi Savoy'
year, which he had renewed from year to year, fo he offered, at S^aCc?.
the end of the year, to enter into the great Alliance ; and he de-
manded for his (hare, the Novarize and the Montferrat. His leav-
ing the Allies, as he had done in the former War, (hewed that ^ he
maintained the character of his Family, of changing fides, as oft
as he could expert better terms, by a new turn : yet his intercft lay
fo vifibly now on the fide of the Alliance, that it was very reafona-
ble to believe, he was refolved to adhere firmly to it. So when
the demands he made were laid before the Court of Vienna^ and
from thence tranfmitted to England and Holland^ all the affiftance,
that he propofed, was promifed him : The Court of Vienjia had no
money to fpare, but England and the States were to pay him twen-
ty thoufand pounds a month, of which England was to pay him
two thirds, and the States the reft.

Since I am to relate the reft of this Tranfadlion, I muft look back, Th"? fecrct
and give fome account of his departing from the Alliance in the p**^'"* °^
former War, which I had from Monfieur Hervaly who was then the departure
King's Envoy in Switzerland^ a French Refugee, but originally of a '"'^^ "'
German Family oi Augsbourg^ fettled but lately in France. In ya-
nuary 1696, when the Plot for affaffinating the King and invad-
ing the Nation, was thought fo furely laid, that it could not milcar-
ry ; The King of France fent Mr. Chanley very lecretly to the Duke
of Savoy J with a full credence to the Propofitions he w^as to make,
demanding a pofitive anfwcr within fix hours : with that the Duke
of Orleans wrote very warmly to him ; he laid, he had imployed all
his Intereft with the King his Brother, to get thefe Offers made to
him, which he conjur'd him to accept of, otherwife he muft look
for utter ruin, without remedy or recovery. Chanley told him, that
at that pre fent time, he was to reckon that King y antes was repof-
feffed of the Throne of England^ and that the Prince of Orange
was either dead, or in his hands : fo he offered to reftore Cazal
and Pignerolly and all that was afterwards agreed to by the Trea-
ty, if he would depart from the Alliance. The Duke of Savoy
being thus alarmed with a Revolution in England^ and being lo
ftraitned in time, thought the extreme neceffity, to which he would
be reduced, in cafe that was true, muft juftify his fubmitting,
when otherwife his ruin was unavoidable. The worft part of this
was, that he got leave to pretend to continue in the Alliance, till
he had drawn all the Supplies, he was to expedt for that year
from Engla7id and the States^ and then the whole matter was
owned, as has been related in the Tranfadions of that year. I
leave this upon the credit of him from whom I had it, who affur-
ed me he was well informed concerning it.

The

3 y 6 The History of the Reign

1703 The Duke of Savoy, having now fecretly agreed to enter into
iCV"^ the AlHance, did not declare it, but continued ftill denying it to the
difcoverhis Fre7tch, that fo when the Duke of Vendome fent back his Troops to
LliTmake ^im, at the end of the Campaign, he might more fafely own it.
all his f he French had reafon to fufped a fecret Negotiation, but could
themP^rifbn- not penetrate into it, fo they took an effectual, though a very frau-
ers of War. (jylgnt mcthod to difcovcr it, which was told me foon after by the
Earl of Pembroke. They got the Eledlor of Bavaria to write to
him, with all feeming fincerity, and with great fecrecy, for he fent
it to him by a Subjeft of his own, fo well difguifed and direfted,
that the Duke of Savoy was impofed on by this management : In
this Letter, the Eleftor complained bitterly of the infolence and per-
fidioufncfs of the French, into whofe hands he had put himfelf : He
faid, he faw his Error now, when it was too late to fee how he
could correft it ; yet if the Duke of Savoy, who was almoft in as
bad a ftate as himfelf, would join with him, fo that they might
ad: by concert, they might yet not only recover themfelves, but
procure a happy Peace to all the reft of Europe. The Duke of
Savoy, miftrufting nothing, wrote him a frank anfwer, in which he
owned his own defigns, and encouraged the Eleftor to go on, and
offered all offices of friendfhip on his behalf, with the reft of the
Allies : The French, who knew by what ways the Savoyard was to
return, feized him, without fo much as acquainting the Eleftor with
the difcovery, that they had made : they faw now into this Secret 5
fo when the time came, in which the Duke of Vendome ought to
have fent back his Troops to him, they were made Prifoners of
Count St a- War, contrary to all Treaties : and with this the War began in thofe
remherg parts. It was much apprehended that, confidering the weak and
' naked ftate in which the Duke of Savoy then was, the Frejich would
have quickly maftered him ; but Count Staremberg ventured on a
March, which Military men faid was the beft laid, and the beft
executed of any in *:he whole War; He marched from the Modo-
nefe, in the worft Seafon of the year, thro' ways that, by reafon of
the rains that had fallen, leemed impradicable, having in rnany
places the French both before and behind him : He broke thro' ail,
and in conclufton joined the Duke of Savoy, with a good body of
Horfe. By this, he was render'd fafe in Piedmont : It is true the
French made themfelves quickly mafters of all Savoy, except Mont-
melian ; where fome fmall Adions happen'd, much to the Duke's
advantage. The Switzers interpofed, to obtain a Neutrality for Sa-
voy, though without effed.
The infur- ^hc Rifing in the Cevennes had not been yet fubdued, though
region in the Marefchal Montrevel w^ii iQ.nt., with an Army to reduce or deftroy
. ' '"' them; He committed great barbarities, not only on thofe he found
in Arms, but on whole Villages, becaufe they, as he was informed,
favoured them ; They came often down out of their Hills in Parties,
* ' ravaging

of ^een Anne* ^"^ fy^

ravaging die Country, and they engaged the King's Troops with 1703
much refolution, and fometimes with great advantage ; They fecm- k^^'"^""^
ed refolved to accept of nothing lefs, than the reftoring their Edids
to them ; for a connivance at their own way of Wordiip was offer-
ed them J They had many among them, who feemed quaUfied in a
very fingular manner, to be the Teachers of the reft ; they had a
great meafure of Zeal without any Learning ; they fcarce had any
Education at all ; I fpoke with the perfon who, by the Queen's or-
der, fent one among them to know the ftate of their Affairs ; I read
fome of the Letters, which he brought from them, full of a fublime
zeal and piety, exprefllng a courage and confidence that could not
be daunted ; One inftance of this was, that they all agreed, that if
any of them was fo wounded, in an Engagement with the enemy,
that he could not be brought off, he fhould be fhot dead, rather
than be left alive to fall into the enemies hands ; It was not pofTible
then, to form a judgment of that Infurredlion, the reports about it
were fo various and uncertain, it being as much magnified by fome,
as it was undervalued by others ; The whole number, that they could
reckon on, was four thoufand men, but they had net Arms and Clothes
for half that number, fo they ufed thefe by turns, while the reft were
left at home, to follow their labour ; They put the Country all about
them in a great fright, and to a vaft expence j while no intelligence
could be had of their defigns, and they broke out in fo many diffe-
rent places, that all who lay within their reach were in a perpetual
agitation ; It was a lamentable thing, that they lay fo far within the
Country, that it was not pofTible to fend Supplies to them, unlefs the
Duke of Savoy fhould be in a condition to break into Dauphiny ;
and therefore Advices were fent them, to accept of fuch Terms as
could be had, and to referve themfelves for better times.

In Poland the fcene was more embroiled than ever ; There was The AfFain
fome appearance of Peace this Summer, but it went off in Winter ; ^'^ 'Poimid.
The old fierce Cardinal drew a Diet to Warfaw j there it was de-
clared, that their King had broken all their Laws : upon that they, by
a formal Sentence, depofed him, and declared the Throne vacant.
This was done, in concert with the King of Sweden, who lay with
his Army at fome diftance from them, in the neighbourhood of
Dantzick, which alarmed the Citizens very much ; It was believed,
that they defigncd to choofe Sobieskiy the eldeft Son of the late King,
who then lived at Brejlaw in Silejia, and being in the Emperor's
Dominions, he thought himfelf fafer than he proved to be ; The King
of Poland retired into Saxony in fome hafte, which made many con-
clude, that he refolved to abandon Poland ; but he laid another de-
fign, which was executed to his mind, tho' in the fequel it proved
not much to his advantage ; Sobieski and his Brother were in a cor-
refpondence with the Party in Poland, that oppofed the King, upon
which they ought to have looked to their own fecurity with more

Vol. IL Y y y y precau-

3y8 The History of the Reign

1703 precaution: They, itfeems, apprehended nothing where they tlicrt
L^'V**^ were, and fo diverted themfelves at hunting, and otherwife in their
ufual manner ; upon this fome, fent by the King of Poland^ took
them both Prifoners, and brought them to Drefden^ where they were
fafely kept ; and all the Remonftrances that the Emperor could make,
upon fuch an adl of Hoftility, had no effed:. This for a while broke
their meafures at Warfaw ; many forfook them, while the King of
Sweden feemed implacable in his oppoiition to Augujius 5 whole chief
confidence was in the Czar : It was fufpeded, that the French had a
management in this matter ; fince it was certain that, by the War in
Polandt a great part of that Force was diverted, which might other-
wife have been engaged in the common Caufe of the great Alliance.
All the Advices that we had from thence agreed in this, that the King
of Sweden himfelf was in no underftiinding with the French^ but it
was vifible, that what he did, contributed not a little to fervc their
Ends. This was the ftate of Affairs at Land.
Affairs at I ^um next to another Element ; and to give an account of the
Sea. Operations at Sea, where things were ill defigned, and worfe exe-

cuted ; The making Prince George our Lord High Admiral, proved
in many inftances very unhappy to the Nation : Men of bad de-
figns impofed on him, he underftood thofe matters very little, and
they fhelter'd themfelves under his Name, to which a great Submif-
fion was paid ; but the Complaints rofe the higher for that : Our
main Fleet was ready to go out in May, but the Dutch Fleet was
not yet come over ; fo Rook was fent out, to alarm the Coaft of
France ; He linger'd long in Port, pretending ill health ; upon that
Churchill was fent to command the Fleet -y but Rook's health return-
ed happily for him, or he thought fit to lay afide that pretence, and
went to Sea, where he continued a month ; but in fuch a Station,
as if his defign had been to keep far fi-om meeting the French Fleet,
which failed out at that time ; and to do the Enemy no harm, not
fo much as to difturb their quiet, by coming near their Coaft : at laft
he returned, without having attempted any thing.
A Fleet fent It was after this refolved, to fend a ftrong Fleet into the Mediter-
^Tnerra^^' ^^^^^^'t ^^ was near the End o^ June, before they were ready to lail,
neaa. and they had Orders to come out of the Streights, by the end of
September : Every thing was fo ill laid in this Expedition, as if it had
been intended, that nothing fhould be done by it, befides the con-
voying our Merchant Ships ; which did not require the fourth part
of fuch a Force. Shovel was fent to command ; when he faw his
Inftru6lion?i, he reprefented to the Miniftry, that nothing could be cx-
pe«5led from this Voyage ; He was ordered to go, and he obeyed his
Orders ; He got to Leghorn by the beginning of September. His
arrival leemed to be of great confequence, and the Allies began ta
take courage from it ; but they were foon difappointed of their hopes,,
v/hen they underftood^ that by his Orders he could only ftay a few
t \ days

of ^een Anne. \ 359

days there : Nor was it eafy to imagine, what the defign of fo great 1 703
an Expedition could be, or why fo much Money was thrown away u^v*"*«>J
on fuch a Projed, which made us defpifed by our Enemies, while it
provoked our Friends ; who might juftly think, they could not de-
pend upon fuch an Ally, who managed fo great a Force with fo poor
a condud, as neither to hurt their Enemies, nor protect their Friends

by it.

A Squadron was fent to the Wejl-Indies^ commanded by G?'ay^ Another to
don ; a man brutal in his way, and not well affe6ted to the prefent %^^^^'^^
ftate of Affairs : The defign was, to gather all the Forces that we
had, fcattered up and down the Plantations, and with that ftrength
to go and take Placentia, and fo to drive the French out of the New-
foundland Trade : but the Secret of this was fo ill kept, that it was
commonly talked of, before he failed : The French had timely no-
tice of it, and fent a greater Force to defend the Place, than he could
bring together to attack it. His Orders were preffing, in particular,
that he fhould not go out of his way, to purfue any of the Enemy's
Ships, whom he might fee : Thefe he obferved fo pundually, that
when he faw a Squadron of four French Men of War failing towards
Brejij that were vifibly foul, and in no condition to make any relift-
ance, he fent indeed one of his Ships to view them, who engaged
them, but Graydon gave the Signal to call him off, upon which they
got fafe into Brejl. This was afterwards known to be Du Cajfe's
Squadron, who was bringing Treafure home from Cartagena^ and
other Ports of the Wejl-Indies, reported to be four Millions of pieces
of Eight : But tho' here was a good prey loft, yet fo careful was the
Prince's Council to excufe every thing, done by fuch a man, that
they ordered an Advertifement to be put in the Gazette^ to juftify
Graydon ; in which it was faid, that purfuant to his Orders, he had
not engaged that Fleet. The Orders were indeed ftrangclv given, T]iey/cturn.

i«iii 1 1 i_ ri ri 0/0'-' J ed without

yet our Admirals had never thought themielves fo bound down to fuccefs.
them, but that, upon great occafions, they might make ftretches •
efpecially where the advantage was vifible, as it was in this cafe : for
fince they v/ere out of the way of new Orders, and new occafions
might happen, which could not be known, when their Orders were
given, the nature of the Service feemed to give them a greater liberty,
than was fit to be allowed in the Land Service. When he came to
the Plantations, he adled in fo favage a manner, as if he had been fent
rathef to terrify, than to proteft them : When he had drawn the
Forces together, that were in the Plantations, he went to attack Pla-
centia : but he found it to be fo well defended, that he did not think
fit fo much as to make any attempt upon it : So this Expedition
ended very inglorioufly, and many Complaints of Graydon s Con-
dudl was font after him.

There was alfo a great Complaint thro' the whole Fleet of their 0"^ ^^^^
Vidualling j we loft many of our Seamen, who, as was faid, were TaUcdl '"^'

poifon-

360 The History^ the Reign

1703 poifoned by ill food ; and tho' great complaints were made of the
*-<'''~v*'^>-' Vi6tuallers, before the Fleet went out, yet there was not fuch care
taken to look into it, as a matter of that confequence deferved : The
Merchants did alfo Complain, that they were ill ferved with Convoy »j
and fo little care had been taken of the Ne'wcaflle Fleet, that the
price of Coals rofe very high : It was alio faid, that there was not a
due care had of our Seamen, that were taken by the Privateers, many
of thern died by reafon of their ill ufage, while others, to deliver
themfelves from that, went into the French Service. Thus all our
Marine Affairs were much out of order, and thefe diforders were
charged on thofe, who had the condudl of them ; every thing was
unprofperous, and that will always be laid heavily on thofe, who
are in the management of Affairs : It is certain that, in the begin-
ning of this Reign, all thofe who hated the late King and his Go-
vernment, or had been difmiffed the Service by him, were fought
out, and invited into Imployments : fo it was not to be expelled,
that they could be faithful or cordial in the War againft France.
The Affairs The Affairs of Scotland come next to be related : A new Parlia-
Mi Scotland, j^^^^ ^^s called, and many were chofen to ferve in it, who were
believed to be in fecret Engagements with the Court at St. GermainSy
The Lords, who had hitherto kept out of Parliament, and were
known to be Jacobites, came and qualified themfelves, by taking
the Oaths, to vote in Parliament : It was fet up for a Maxim, by the
new Miniftry, that all the Jacobites were to be invited home : fo a
Proclamation was iffued out, of a very great extent, indemnifying
all perfons, for all Treafons committed before u^pril laft ; without
any limitation of Time for their coming home, to accept of this
Grace, and without demanding any Security of them for the future.
The Duke of i^ueensbury was fent down the Queen's Commifiioner
to the Parliament : This inflamed all thofe who had formerly oppos-
ed him ; They refolved to oppofe him ftill in every thing, and the
greater part of the Jacobites joined vi'ith them, but i'ome of them
were bought off, as was faid, by him : He, feeing fo ftrong an oppo-
fition formed againft him, ftudied to engage the Presbyterian Party to
flick to him : and even the Party that united againft him, were (o
apprehenfive of the ftrength of that Intereft, that they likewife ftu-
died to court them, and were very careful not to give them any um-
brage. By this, all the hopes of the Epifcopal Party were loft ; and
every thing relating to the Church did not only continue in the fame
flate, in which it was during the former Reign, but the Presbyterians
was con- got a ncw Law in their favour, which gave them as firm a Set-
firmed, tlement, and as full a Security, as Law could give; for an Atft
paffed, not only confirming the Claim of Rights, upon which
the Crown had been offered to the late King, one of its Ar-
ticles being againfl: Prelacy, and for a Parity in the Church,

but

"^^of ^een Anne. CsS 7j[

but it was declared High Treafon to endeavour any Alteration of ft. 1703.
It had been often propofcd to the late King, to pafs this into an '— "v — t
Ad:, but he would never confent to it: He faid, he had taken the
Crown on the Terms in that Claim, and that therefore he would
never make a breach on any part of it; but he would not bind his
SuccelToi-s, by making it a perpetual Law. Thus a Miniftry, that
carried all Matters relating to the Church to fo great a heighth, yet,-
with other views, gave a fatal Stroke to the Epifcopal Intereft in
Scotland^ to which the late King would never give way. The great Debates
Debates in this Seflion were concerning the Succcflion of the Crown, J^J^^sSS
in cafe the Queen fhould die without IlTue. They relblved to give ''^tothc
the Preference to that Debate, before they would confider the Sup-
plies ; it was foon refolved that the SuccefTor to the Crown after the
Queen, fhould not be the fame Perfon that was King or Queen of
England, unlefs the juft Rights of the Nation iliould be declared
in Parliament, and fully fettled in an Independance upon Evglijh
Interefts and Councils. After this, they went to name Particulars,
which by fome were carried fo far, that thofe Expedients were in-
deed the fetting up a Commonwealth, with the empty Name of a
King: for it was propofed, that the whole Adminiftration fhould be
committed to a Council, named by Parliament, and that the Legif^
lature fhould be entirely in the Parliament, by which no fhadow of
Power was left with the Crown, and it was merely a Nominal
Thing: But the fiirther entring upon Expedients was laid afide for
that Time, only one Ad pafs'd, that went a great way towards them i
It was declared, that no fucceeding King fhould have the Power to
engage the Nation in a War, without confent of Parliament. Ano-
ther Ad of a ftrange Nature paft, allowing the Importation of French
Goods, which, as was pretended, were to be imported, in the Ships
of a neutral State. The truth was, the Revenue was fo exhaufted,
that they had not enough to fupport the Government, without fuch
help : Thofe who defired to drink good Wine, and all who were
concerned in Trade, ran into it ; fo it was carried, though with
great Oppofition : The yacobites alfo went into it, fince it opened
a free Correfpondence with France : It was certainly againffc
the publick Intereft of the Government, in oppofition to which
private Intereft does often prevail. The Court of St. Germaimy
perceiving fuch a Disjointing in Scotland^ and fo great an Oppofi-
tion made in Parliament, was from thence encouraged to fet all
their EmifTaries in that Kingdom at work, to engage both the chief
of the Nobility, and the feveral Tribes in the Highlands, to be
ready to appear for them. One Frazier had gone thro' the High-
lands the former Year, and from thence he went to France^ where
he pretended, he had Authority from the Highlanders, to under-
take to bring together a Body of 1 2000 Men, if they might be af^
Vo L. II. [Y y y y] fifted

made of
tbefe.

£558] Tloe History of the Reign

1703. fifted by fome Force, together with Officers, Arms, Ammunition^
^""^ — ' and Money from France. After he had deHvered this Meflage, t»
the Queen at St. Germains^ flie recommended him to the French
Praaices Miniftcrs ; fo he had fome Audiences of them. He propofed that
iiomFrance. ^^^^ ^^^ fliould Bc fcnt from Dunkirk, to land near Dundee,
with Arms for 20000 Men; and that 50a fliould be fent from
Brefl, to feize on Fort William, which commanded the great Pafs
in the Highlands, The French hearkened to all this, but would
not venture much upon flight Grounds, fo they fent him back with
fome others, in whom they confided more, to fee how much they
might depend on, and what the Strength of the Highlanders was :
They were alfo ordered, to try whether any of the great Nobility
of that Kingdom would engage in the Defign.
ADifcovery When thcfc came over, Frazier got himfelf fecretly introduced
to the Duke of ^eembury, to whom he difcovered all that had
been already tranfaded : And he undertook to difcover the whole
Correlpondence, between St. Germains and the yacobites : He alfo
named many of the Lords, who oppofed him moft in Parliament^
and faid, they were already deeply engaged. The Duke oi^eens-
bury hearkened very wilHngly to all this, and he gave him a Pais to
go thro' the Highlands again, where he found fome were Hill very
forward, but others were more referved. At his return, he refolvcd
to go back to France, and promifed to make a more entire Difco-
very : He put one Letter in the Duke of ^ueensbury\ hands, from
the Queen at St. Germains, direded on the Back (but by another
hand), to the Marquis of Athoh The Letter was writ, in fuch gene-
ral Terms, tliat it might have been directed to any of the great No-
bility: And probably he> who was trufted with it, had power given
him to dired: it to any, to whom he found it would be moft accep-
table : For there was nothing in the Letter, that was particular to
any one Perfon or Family ; it only mentioned the Promifes and Af-
furances fent to her by that Lord. This Frazier had been ac-
cufed of a Rape, committed on a Sifter of the Lord Athofs, for
which he was convided and outlawed : So it might be fuppofed,
that he, to be revenged of the Lord At hoi, who had profecuted
him for that Crime, might put his Name on the back of that Let-
ter. It is certain, that the others who were more trufted, and were
fent over with him, avoided his Company, fo that he was not
made acquainted with that Proceedings Frazier came up to Lon-
don in Winter, and had fome Meetings with the pradifing Jaco-
bites about the Town, to whom he difcovered his Negotiation :
He continued ftill to perfuade the Duke of ^eensbury of his Fide-
lity to him : His Name was not told the Queen, for when the
Duke of ^eensbury wrote to her an Account of the Difcovery, he
added, that unlefs fhe commanded it, he had promifed not to name

the

of ^een ANNfe* ' \3S9]

the Pcrfon, for he was to go back to Si. Germains^ to complcat the I703.
Difcovery. The Queen did not ask his Name, but had more re- '^'--k^'-j
gard to what he faid, becaufe in tJic main it agreed with the Intel-
ligence, that her Miniftcrs had from their Spies at Paris. The
Duke of ^leenshury procured a Pafs for him to go to Holland^ but
by another name: For he opened no part of this Matter to the Earl
o^ Nottingham, who gave the Pais. The Jacobites in London fuf-
pedcd Frazier\ Correfpondence with the Duke oiilueensbury, and
gave advertiiement to the Lord Atholy and by this means the whole
Matter broke out, as Ihall be told afterwards. What Influence fo-
ever this, or any other Pradlice might have in Scotland^ it is cer-
tain the Oppofition in Parliament grew ftill greater ; and fince the
Duke of ^eensbury would not fuffer them to proceed, in thofe
ftrange Limitations upon the Crown, that had been propofed, the'
the Queen ordered him to pafs the other Bills, they would give no
Supply ; fo that the Pay of the Army, with the Charge of the Go-
vernment, was to run upon Credit, and by this means Matters there
were like to come to extremities. A national Humour of rendring
themfelves a free and independent Kingdom did fo inflame them,
that as they had a Majority of feventy in Parliament; they feemed ca-
pable of the mofl: extravagant things, that could be fuggefted to
them: The greateft part of the Miniftry forfook the Duke oi^ems-
hury in Parliament ; both the Earl of Seafieldy Lord Chancellor,
the Marquifs oiAthol, the Lord Privy-Seal, and Lord Tar bet y the
Secretary of State, with all that depended on them, broke off from
him : Yet upon the Concluflon of the Seflion, Athol was made a
Duke, and Tarbet was made Earl of Cromarty^ which looked like
rewarding them for their Oppofition. Soon after that, the Queen
refolved to revive the Order of the Thifl:le, that had been raifed by
her Father, but was let fall by the late King : It was to be carried
in a green Ribbon, as the George is in a blue, and the Glory was
in the Form of a St. Andrews Crofs, with a Thiftle in the middle.
Argyle-, Athol-, Annandale, Orkney y and Seajield were the firfl: that
had it, the number being limited to Twelve. And to fuch a
heighth did the Diforders in that Kingdom rife, that great Skill and
much fecret Pradice feemed neceflary to fet Matters right there :
The Averfion and Jealoufy towards thofe, who had been mofl adive Refle£H<5m
in the laft Reign, and the Favour fliewed to thofe, who were in King °" ^^^ ^on*:
James's Interefts, had an appearance of bringing Matters out of an feirs there.' ^
Excefs, to a Temper: And it was much magnified by thofe, who in-
tended to flatter the Queen, on defign to ruin her. Tho' the fame
Meafureswere taken inEngland, yet there was lefs danger in following
them here than there : Errors might be fooner obferved, and eafier
correfted, where Perfons are in view, and are watched in ail their

Motions?

[360 J The tiisr6R^ oj the Reign

1703. Motions:' but this might prove fatal at a greater diftance, where it
*— >*^ was more eafy to deny or palliate Things, with great Aflurance.
The Duke of ^e.ensbury\ engrofling all things to himfelf, en-
creafed the Difguft,-' at the Credit he was in : He had begun a Prac-
tice of drawing out the Seflions of Parliament, to an unufual length;
by which his Appointments exhaufted fo much of the Revenue,
that the reft of the Minifters were not paid, and that will always'
create difcontent: He trufted entirely to a few Perfons, and his
Condud was liable to juft Exceptions: Some of thofe, who had
the greateft Credit with him, were believed to be engaged in a Fo-
reign Intereft, and his paifing, or rather promoting the Ad, that o-
pened a Correfpondence with France^ was conftdered as a Dcfign,
to fettle a Commerce there: And upon that, his Fidelity or his Ca-
pacity were much queftioned.
The Affairs There were ftill high Difcontents m Ireland-, occafioned by the
ot Ireland, bgj^aviour of the Truftees there. The Duke of Ormond was the
better received, when he went to that Government, becaufe he
came after the Earl of B.ocheJier\ till it appeared, that he was in
all things governed by him; and that he purfued the Meafures,
0 which he had begun to take, of railing new Divilions in that

Kingdom: For, before that Time, the only Divifion in Ireland
was, that of Englip and Irijh., Proteftants and Papifts: But of
late an Animofity came to be raifed there, like that we labour un-
der in England-, between Whig and Tory. The wifer fort of the
JEnglip refolved to oppofe this all they could, and to proceed with
Temper and Moderation : The Parliament there was opened with
Speeches and Addreffes, that carried the Complements to the Duke
of Ormond fo far, as if no other Perfon belides himfelf, could 4
have given them that Settlement, which they expeded from his
Government. The Truftees had railed a Scandal upon that Nation,
as if they deligned to fet up an Independance upon England: fo
they began the Seftion with a Vote, difclaiming that, as falfe and
injurious. They exprefled on all Occaftons their hatred of the
Truftees and of their Proceedings, yet they would not prefume to
meddle with any thing they had done, purfuant to the Ad:, that
had pafs'd in Englajjd-, which vefted the Truft in them. They offer-
ed the neceflary Supplies, but took Exceptions to the Accounts, that
were laid before them, and obferved fome Errors in them. This
begat an Uneaftnefs in the Duke of Ormond; for tho' he was ge-
nerous, and above all fordid Pradices, yet being a Man of Plea-
fure, he was much in the power of thole, who aded under him,
and whole Integrity was not fo clear. One great Deftgn of the
wiler among them was, to break the Power of Popery, and the
Intereft, that the Heads of the Irijh Families had among them:

They

of ^een AnnI:^ '^^ |6i

•They enabled the SuccefHon of the Crown, to follow the Pattern 1 703.
fet them by England, in every particular : They alfo pafled an A6t ^^;^"]^^p~^
concerning Papifts, fomewhat like that which had paffcd in Eng- paacd ihcre
land three Years before ; but with fome more effedual Claufes, for^:Jy"' ^
the want of which, we have not yet had any Fruit from that Adli
The main Difference was that, which made it look lefs invidious,
and yet was more effeAual, for breaking the Dependance on the
Heads of Families : For it was provided, that all Eftates fhould be
equally divided among the Children of Papifts, notwithftanding
any Settlements to the contrary, unlefs the Perfons, on whom they
were fettled, qualified themfelves by taking the Oaths, and coming
to the Communion of the Church : This feemed to carry no Hard-
fliip to the Family in general, and yet gave hopes of weakning that
Intereft fo confiderably, that the Bill was offered to the Duke of
Ormo7id-, prefling him, with more than ufual Vehemence, to inter-
ceed fo effeftually, that it might be returned back under the Great
Seal of England. They underftood, that the Papifts of Ireland hsA
railed a confiderable Sum, to be fent over to England^ to fupport
their Pradices, in order to the ftopping this Bill : It came over, ^

warmly recommended by the Duke of Ormond : But it was as
warmly oppofed by thole, who had a mind to have a fhare in the
Prefents, that were ready to be made. The Pretence for oppofing
it was, that while the Queen was fo deeply engaged with the Em-
peror, and was interceeding for Favour to the Proteftants in his Do-
minions ; it feemed not feafonable, and was fcarcc decent, to pais
fo fevere a Law againft thofe of his Religion : Tho' this had the
lefs Strength, fince it was very evident, that all the Irip Papifts
were in the French Intereft, fo there was no reafbn to apprehend
that the Emperor could be much concerned for them. The Par-
liament of England was fitting when this Bill came over, and Mens
Eyes were much fet on the Iffue of it : So that the Minifters judged,
it was not fafe to deny it : But a Claufe was added, which they
hoped would hinder its being accepted in Ireland. That Matter
was carried on fo fecretly, that it w^s known to none, but thofe
who were at the Council, till the News of it came from Ireland,
upon its being fent thither: The Claufe was to this purpofe, that
none in Ireland fliould be capable of any Employment, or of beino-
in the Magiftracy in any City, who did not qualify themfelves by
receiving the Sacrament, according to the Teft-Ad: paffed in Eng-
land', which before this time had never been offered to t\\t Irip
Nation. It was hoped by thofe, who got this Claufe to be added
to the Bill, that thofe in Ireland who promoted it moft, would now '
be the lefs fond of it, when it had fuch a Weight hung to it: The
greateft part of Ulfler was poffeffed by the Scotch, who adhered
ftiftly to their firft Education in Scotland : And they were fo united
Vo L. II. Z z z z in

362 The History of the Reign

1 703. in that way, that it was believed they could not find fuch a number
^^ — vr— ' of Men, who would qualify themfelves, as was neceflary by this
Claufe, to maintain the Order and Juftice of the Country. Yet
upon this occafion the Irip Parliament proceeded with great Cau-
tion and Wifdom : They reckoned that this Ad, fo far as it related
to Papifls, would have a certain and great effedl, for their common
Security : And that when it was once pafs'd, it would never be re-
pealed : Whereas if great Inconveniencies did arife upon this new
Claufe, it would be an eaficr thing to obtain a Repeal of it, in a fub-
fequent Parliament, either of Engla7id or Ireland. So th'e A61: was
palTed, and thofe who thought they had managed the Matter with a
Mafter-piece of Cunning, were outwitted by an Irijh Parliament.
However this Artifice, and fome other things in the Duke of Or-
ino?2d\ Conduft, put them into fuch an ill humour, that the Sup-
ply Bill was clogged and lefiened by many Claufcs added to it.
The Seflion ended in fo much Heat, that it was thought that Par-
liament would meet no more, if the Duke oi Ormond wdi^ con-
tinued in the Government.
j^ufiesof Thus the Parts of the Government that were thought the moft
tiie\iimftry. g^fily managed, Scotland and Ireland, had of late been put into fb
much diforder, that it might prove no ealy Work to fet them again
in order : The Government was every where going, as it were, out
of joint : Its Nerves and Strength feemed to be much flackened :
The trufting and imploying, not only violent Tories, but even
known yacobites, as it brought a Weaknefs on the Management, fo
it raifed a Jealoufy, that could not be eafily cured. Stories were
confidently vented, and by fome eafily believed, that the Queen
was convinced of the Wrong done her pretended Brother, and
that {he was willing to put Afi'airs in the hands of Perfbns, who
favoured his Succeflion : It was alfo obferved, that our Court kept
to cold Civilities with the Houfe of Hanover, and did nothing that
was tender or cordial looking that way : Nor were any imployed,
who had exprefled a particular Zeal for their Interefts. Thefe
things gave great Jealouly : All that was faid in excufe for trufting
fuch Perfons, was, that it was fit once to try if good Ujfege could
foften them, and bring them entirely into the Queen's Interclls :
And Alfurances were given, that, if upon a trial, the effe<9: hoped
for did not follow, they fhould be again difmiis'd.

This was the State of our Affairs when a new Seffion of Parlia-
ment was opened in November : The Queen, in her Speech ex-
prefled a great Zeal, for carrying on the War, and with relation to
the Affairs of Europe : She recommended Union and good Agree-
ment to all her People; fhe faid fhe wanted Words to exprefs, how
earneftly fhe defired this. This was underftood, as an Intimation
of her Defire, that there fhould be no further Proceeding in the

Bill

of ^een An me. 363

Bill againft Occafional Conformity: Addrefles full of Refped were 1703.
made to the Queen, in return to her Speech ; and the Lords, in
theirs, promifed to avoid every thing, thatfhould occafion Dif-union
or Contention : But nothing could lay the Heat of a Party, which
was wrought on by fome, who had Defigns, that were to be denied
or difguifed, till a proper time for owning them (hould appear. A
Motion was made in the Houfe of Commons, for bringing in the
Bill againft Occafional Conformity : Great Opposition was made to oSiS^
it ; the Court was againft it, but it was carried by a great Majority, Confor-
that fuch a Bill fliould be brought in. So a new Draught was for- '""*'
med : In it the Preamble, that was in the former Bill, was left out.
The Number befides the Family, that made a Conventicle, was en-
larged from Five to Twelve : And the Fine fet on thofe, who went
to Conventicles, after they had received the Sacrament, befides the
lofs of their Employment, was brought down to Fifty Pound :
Thefe were Artifices, by which it was hoped, upon fuch Softnings,
once to carry the Bill on any Terms : And when that point was
gained, it would be eafy afterwards to carry other Bills of greater
Severity. There was now fuch a Divifion upon this Matter, that it
was fairly debated in the Houle of Commons : Whereas before, it
went there with fuch a Torrent, that no Oppofition to it could be
hearkened to. Thofe who oppofed the Bill went chiefly upon this
ground, that this Bill put the Dillenters in a worie Condition, than
they were before : So it was a Breach made upon the Toleration,
which ought not to be done, fince they had not delerved it by any
ill Behaviour of theirs, by which it could be pretended that they
had forfeited any of the Benefits, defigned by that Ad: : Things of
this kind could have no efFeft, but to imbroil us with new Dif-
tradtions, and to difguft Perfons well affedled to the Queen and her
Government: It was neceflary to continue the happy Quiet, that we
were now in, efpecially in this time of War, in which even the fe-
vercft of Perlecutors made their Stops, for fear of irritating ill Hu-
mours too much. The old Topicks of Hypocrify, and of the Dan-
ger the Church was in, were brought up again on behalf of the Bill, Paa'dbythe
and the Bill pafled in the Houfe of Commons by a great Majority: °™ ^'
And fo it was fent up to the Lords, where it occafioned one De-
bate of many Hours, whether the Bill fhould be entertained and
read a fecond time, or be thrown out: The Prince appeared no
more for it, nor did he come to the Houfe upon this occafion: Some
who had voted for it, in the former Seffion, kept out of the Houfe,
and others owned they faw farther into the Defign of the Bill, and ^^ rcje&ed
fo voted againft it. Upon a Divifion it was carried, by a Majority Lords..
of Twelve, not to give it a fecond Reading, but to rejedt it.

The Bifliops were almoft equally divided: There were two more
againft it, than for it : Among thefe, I had the largeft fhare of

Cenfure

.364 "^^^^ History of the Reign

lyoj. Cenfure on me, becaufe I fpoke much againfl; the Bill: I knew
' — ' — -' how the Ad: of Teft was carried, as has been already £hewn in its
proper place : I related that in the Houfe, and the many Pradices
of the Papifts, of fetting us of the Church againft the Difienters,
and the Diflenters againft us by turns, as it might ferve their ends:
I ventured to fay, that a Man might lawfully communicate with a
Church, that he thought had a Worfhip and a Dodrine uncorrupted,
-,-n A and yet communicate more frequently with a Church, that he
thought more perfed : i myfelf had communicated with the
Churches of Ge?ieva and Holland; and yet at the fame time com-
municated with the Church of England : So, tho' the Diflenters
were in a Miftake, as to their Opinion, which was the more per-
fed Church, yet allowing them a Toleration in that Error, this
Pradice might be juftified. I was defired to print what I faid upon
that occaflon, which drew many virulent Pamphlets upon me, but
I anfwered none of them : I faw the Jacobites defigned to raife fuch
a Flame among us, as might make it fcarce poflible to carry on the
"War J thofe who went not fo deep, yet defigned to make a Breach
on the Toleration by gaining this Point : And I was refolved newer
to be fllent, when that fhould be brought into debate : For I have
long looked on Liberty of Confcience, as one of the Rights of Hu-
man Nature, antecedent to Society, which no Man could give up,
becaufe it was not in his own power : And our Saviour's Rule, of
doing as we would be done by, feemed to be a very exprefs Deci-
fion to all Men, who would lay the Matter home to their own Con-
fcience, and judge as they would willingly be judged by others.
The Clergy The Clergy over England^ who were generally inflamed with
mou"/''"' ^^^^ Matter, could hardly forgive the Queen and the Prince, the
Coldnefs that they exprefled on this occaflon: The Lord Godolphin
did fo pofltively declare, that he thought the Bill unfeafonable,
and that he had done all he could, to hi ider its being brought in,
that tho' he voted to give the Bill a fecond Reading, that did not re-
concile the Party to him : They fet up the Earl of Rochefier^ as the
only Man to be depended on, who deferved to be the chief
Minifter.
The Com- The Houfc of Commons gave all the Supplies, that were neceA
XdiVne- fary, for carrying on the War : Some tried to tack the Bill againfl:
ceiTary Sup- Occaflonal Conformity to the Bill of Supply, but they had not
Strength to carry it : The Commons fhewed a very unufual Neg-
le<5l of all that related to the Fleet, which was wont to be one of
their chief Cares : It was furmized, that they faw, that if they,
opened that Door, Difcoveries would be made of Errors that coujd
neither be juftified nor palliated, and that the/e muft come home
chiefly to their greateft Favourites ; fo they avoided all Examina-
tions, that would probably draw fome Cenfure on them.

The

jnts

of ^een Anne. 365

The Lords were not fo tender: They found great Fault with the 1703.
Counfels, chiefly with the fending Shovell to the Mediterranean, ^"[jjj^
and Graydon to the JVeJi- Indies: And laid all the Difcoveries, that into the
were made to them, with their own Obfervations on them, before the Fleet.
the Queen, in Addreffes that were very plain, tho' full of all due
Refped:: They went on like wife, in their Examinations of the out-
cry made of the Wafte of the publick Treafure in the laft Reign i
they examined the Earl of Orford\ Accounts, which amounted to
ieventeen Millions, and upon which fome Obfervations had been
made by the Commiffioners, for examining the publick Accounts;
they found them all to be falfe in Fad:, or ill grounded, and of no
Importance.

I'he only Particular, that feemed to give a juft Colour to Excep- The Earl of
tion, was very ftridly ej:v.mined: He had victualled the Fleet, while Amount
they lay all Winter at Cadiz : the Purlers Receipts for the Quantity, JsJi^'ficd.
that was laid into every Ship, were produced, but they had no Re-
ceipts of the Spaniards, from whom they had bought the Provi-
flons ; but they had entred the Prices of them in their own Books,
and thele were given in upon Oath. This Matter had been much
canvafled in the late King's Time, and it ftood thus : RuJfeJ, now
Earl of Orfordy when he had been ordered to lie at CadiZy wrote
to the Board of Vidualling, to fend one over to provide the Fleet ;
they anfwered, that their Credit was then fo low, that they could
not undertake it : fo he was delired to do it upon his own Credit.
It appeared, that no Fleet nor fingle Ship had ever been vidlualled
fo cheap, as the Fleet was then by him : It was not the cuftom in
Spain to give Receipts ; but if any Fraud had been intended, it
would have been eafy to have got the Spaniards, after they
had their Money, to have figned any Receipts, that could have
been offered them, for fwelling up the Accounts ; for the Pradices
of fwelling Accounts, in l.heir dealings with their own Court, were
well known there. Upon thefe Reafons, the Lords of the Treafury
had pafs'd his Accounts, and were of opinion that he had done a
great Service to the Government, in that whole Tranladion. The
Houfe of Lords did itow confirm this ; and ordered an Account of
that whole matter to be printed.

The Commons made no progrefs in any Difcoveries of ill Pradices
in the Earl of Ranelagh\ Office, but concluded that matter with an
Addrefs to the Queen, that fhe would order a Profecution. This
was an Artifice to make the Nation ftill think, that great Difcoveries
of Corruption might be made, if carefully look'd after: It was
expcded, after fuch an Outcry as they had made, and after tlie
expence the Nation was put to, for this Commiffion, and the extra-
ordinary Powers that were lodged with the CommiiBoners, that at
leaft fome important Difcoveries fliould have been made by them.

Vol. n. 5 A The

366 The History of the Reign

1704.

a^bTT^ The Commons fent up a Bill to the Lords, for continuing the
examining Commiffion another Year: It was obferved that an Alteration was
Accounts'^ made of the Perfons; fome who expe6led better Places, got their
the twir^^" Names to be left out. The Lords excepted to one Bierly, who was
Houies. named to be one of the Commiflioners ; becaufe he had been a Co-
lonel, and had not yet cleared the Accounts of his own Regiment :
' fo they ftruck out his Name, and named another; and they added
two more, who were not Members of the Houfe of Commons. The
reafon of this was, becaufe the Members of that Houfe would not
appear before them, to explain fome Particulars ; they only fent
their Clerk, to inform them, and when the Lords fent a MefTage to
' the Houfe of Commons, to defire them to order their Members to

attend on their Committee, all the return' they had was, that they
would fend an anfwer, by MefTengers of their own : but this was
illufory, for they fent no fuch MefTage. So the Lords thought it
neceffary, in order to their being better informed, to put Ibme in
the Commiffion for the future, who ihould be bound to attend upon
thepi, as oft as they fhould be called for. The Commons rejed:ed
thefe Amendments; and pretended that this was of the Nature of
a Money-Bill, and that therefore the Lords could make no Altera-
tions in it. The MefTage, that the Commons fent the Lords upon this
Head, came fo near the End of the Seffion, that the Lords could
not return an Anfwer to it, with the Reafons for which they infifled
on their Amendments; fo that Bill fell.

The Charge of this Commiffion amounted to Eight Thoufand
Pounds a-year ; the Commiffioners made much noife, and brought
many Perlons before them to be examined, and gave great diftur-
bance to all the Publick Offices, what by their Attendance on them,
what by copying out all their Books for their Perufal ; and yet in a
Courfe of many Years, they had not made any one Difcovery : fo a
full flop was put to this way of proceeding.
ADifpute An Incident happened during this Seffion, which may have great
infu'ftice'm Confequcnccs, tho' in it felf it might fecm inconfiderable : There
oFMembe" ^^^'^ hc^n great Complaints long made, ana thefe have increafed
of Pariia- mucli witliiu thcfc fcw Years, of great Partiality and Injuftice in the
Eledions of Parliament-Men, both by Sheriffs in Counties, and by
the returning Officers in Burroughs. In Aylesbury^ the Return was
made by four Conftables, and it was believed, that they made a
bargain with fome of the Candidates, and then managed the Mat-
ter, fo as to be fure, that the Majority ffiould be for the Perfon, to
whom they had engaged themfelves ; they canvafTed about the
Town, to know how the Voters were fet, and they refolved to find
fome Pretence for difabling thofe, who were engaged to vote for
other Perfons than their Friends, that they might be fure to have
the Majority in their own hands. And when this Matter came to

be

mcnr

of ^een Anne. 367

be examined by tbe Houfe of Commons, tliey gave the Elcftion al- 1 704.
ways for him who was reckoned of the Party of the Majority, in a '
manner fo barefaced, that they were fcarce out of countenance,
when they were charged for Injuftices in judging Eledlions. It was
not eafy to find a Remedy, to fuch a crying Abufe, of which all
fides in their turns, as they happened to be deprefled, had made
great Complaints ; but when they came to be the Majority, feemed
to have forgot all, that they had formerly cried out on. Some few
cxcufed this, on the Topick of Retaliation ; they faid, they dealt
with others as they had dealt with them, or their Friends. At laft
an Adion was brought againft the Conftables of Aylesbury, at the
Suit of one, who had been always admitted to vote in former Elec-
tions, but was denied it in the laft Eledlion. This was tried at the
AJfizesy and it was found there by the Jury, that the Conftables
had denied him a Right, of which he was undoubtedly in pofllefiion,
fo they were to be caft in Damages ; but it was moved in the
Queen's Bench, to quafti all the Proceedings in that Matter, fince
no Ad:ion did lie or had ever been brought upon that account.
Powely GW^/ and Pow/> were of opinion, that no Hurt was done
the Man ; that the judging of Elections belonged to the Houfe of
Commons ; that as this Adion was the firft of its kind, fo if it was
allowed, it would bring on an Infinity of Suits, and put all the
Ofticers, concerned in that Matter, upon great Difficulties: Lord
Chief Juftice Holt, tho' alone, yet differed from the reft ; he thought
this was a Matter of the greateft Importance, both to the whole Na-
tibn in general, and to every Man in his own particular ; he made
a great Difference between an Eledion of a Member, and a Right to
vote in it ; the Houfe of Commons were the only Judges of the
former, whether it was rightly managed or not, without Bribery,
Fraud or Violence ; but the Right of voting in an Eledion, was
an original Right founded either on a Freehold of Forty Shillings
a-year in the County ; or on Burgageland, or upon a Prefcrip-
tion, or by Charter, in a Burrough: Thefe were all legal Titles,
and as fuch were triable in a Court of Law. Ads of Parliament
were made concerning them, and by reafon of thefe, every thing
relating to thofe Ads, was triable in a Court of Law ; he fpokelong
and learnedly, and with fome Vehemence upon the Subjed ; but
he was one againft three, fo the Order of the Court went, in favour
of the Conftables. The Matter was upon that brought before the
Houfe of Lords, by a Writ of Error; the Cafe was very fully argued at
the Bar, and the Judges were ordered to deliver their Opinions up-
on it, which they did very copioufly.

Chief Juftice Trevor infifted much, oa the Authority that the
Houfe of Commons had, to judge of all thofe Eledions ; from that
he inferred, that they only could judge who were the Eledors :
Petitions were often grounded on this, that in the Poll fome were

admitted

368 The History of the Reign

1704. admitted to a Vote, who had no Right to it, and that others were
denied it, who had a Right; fo that in fome Cafes they were the pro-
per Judges of this Right : And if they had it in fome Cafes, they
mull: have it in all. From this he inferred, that every thing relating
to this Matter was triable by them, and by them only ; if two inde-
pendent Jurifdidions might have the fame Cafe brought before
them, they might give contrary Judgments in it; and this muft
breed great Diftradtion, in the Execution of thofe Judgments.

To all this it was anfwered, that a fingle Man, who was
wronged in this Matter, had no other Remedy but by bringing it into
a Court of Law; for the Houfe of Commons could not examine the
Right of every Voter ; if the Man, for whom he would have voted,
was returned, he could not be heard to complain to the Houfe of
Commons, tho' in his own Particular he was denied a Vote, fince
he could not make any Exceptions to the Return ; fo he muft bear
his Wrong, without a Remedy, if he could not bring it into a Court
of Law. A Right of voting in an Eledion was the greateft of all
the Rights oP an Englijhman-, fince by that he was reprelented in
Parliament ; the Houfe of Commons could give no Relief to a Man
wronged in this, nor any Damages; they could only fet afide one,
and admit of another Return ; but this was no Redrefs to him, that
fuffered the Wrong ; it made him to be the lels confidered in his
Burrough, and that might be a real Damage to him in his Trade :
lince this was a Right, inherent in a Man, it feemed reafonable
that it fhould be brought, where all other Rights were tried, into
a Court of Law; the Abu fe was new, and was daily growing, and
it was already fwelled to a great heighth ; when new Difbrders hap-
pen, new Ad:ions muft lie, otherwife there is a Failure in Juftice,
which all Laws abhor ; Pradices of this fort were enormous and
crying ; and if the Rule made in the Queen's Bench was affirmed,
it would very much encreafe thefe Diforders, by this Indemnity,
that feemed to be given to the Officers, who took the Poll.
The Lords After a long Debate, it was carried by a great Majority to fet a-
{h?Rbhtof^^^ the Order in the Queen's Bench, and to give Judgment ac-
eiei^Hngwas cording to thcVcrdid: given at the Affizes. This gave great Offence

triable at .

Law. to the Houfe of Commons, who paflcd very high Votes upon it, a-
gainft the Man of Aylesbury^ as guilty of a Breach of their Privi-
ledges, and againft all others who fhould for the future bring any
fuch Suits into Courts of Law; and likewife againft all Council,
Attorneys and others, who fhould affift in any fuch Suits; and they
affirmed, that the whole Matter relating to Eledions belonged only
to them : yet they did not think fit to fend for the Man, who had
fued, or rather in whole Name the Suit was carried on; fo they let
the Matter as to him fall, under a fliew of Moderation and Pity,
and let it reft upon thofe general Votes. The Lords on their part
ordered the whole State of the Cafe to be drawn up and printed,

which

of ^ecn Anne. 369

which wab done with much Learning and Judgment; they alfo af- 1704.
ferted the Right, that all the People of England had, to feek for ^^-^ — ^''■~*^
Juftice in Courts of Law, upon all fuch Occafions; and that the
Houfe of Commons, by their Votes, ftruck at the Liberties of the
People, at the Law oi England, and at the Judicature of the Houfe
of Lords; and they ordered the Lord Keeper to fend a Copy of the
Cafe, and of their Votes to all the Sheriffs of England, to hw com-t
municatcd to all the Boroughs in their Counties. 'I'he Houfe of Com'-*
mons was much provoked with this, but they could not liindcr itj
the Thing was popular, and the Lords got great Credit, by the Judg-
ment they gave, which let the People of England fee, how they
might be redreffed for the future, if they fhould meet with the Tn-
juftice, the Partiality and other ill Pradlices, that had appeared of
late in Eledlions, even beyond the Examples of former Times.
This may prove a Reftraint on the Officers, now that they fee they
are liable to be fued, and that a Vote of the Houfe of Commons
cannot cover them.

During the Seflion and on her own Bitth-day, which was the The Queen
fixth of February, the Queen fent a Meffage to the Houfe of Com- SSLd
mons, fignifying her Purpofc, to apply that Branch of the Revenue, f'''^r^''g'"
that was raifed out of the Firfl-Fruits and Tenths, payed by the nefitof the
Clergy, to the encreafe of all the fmall Benefices in the Nation: "^^^ "^^'
This Branch was an Impofition, begun by the Popes, in the Time
of the Holy Wars, and it was raifed as a Fund to fupportthofe Ex-
peditions: But when Taxes are once raifed by fuch an Arbitrary
Power, as the Popes then affumed, and after there has been a Sub-
miflion, and the Payments have been fettled into a Cuftom, they
are always continued, even after the Pretence, upon which they
were at fir ft raifed, fubfifts nd more: So this became a ftanding Branch
of the Papal Revenue, 'till Hefiry the Eighth feemed refolved to
take it away : It was firft abolifhed for a Year, probably to draw
in the Clergy, to confent the more willingly to a Change, that de-
livered them from fuch heavy Impofitions : But in the fucceeding
SefTion of Parliament, this Revenue was again fettled as Part of tlxe
Income of the Crown for ever. It is true, it was the more eafily
born, becaufe the Rates were ftill at the old Value, which in fome
Places was not the tenth, and in fnoft not above the fifth Part of
the true Value : And the Clergy had been often threatened with
a new Valuation, in which the Rates fhould be rigoroufly fct to their %

full Extent.

The Tenths amounted to about 11 000/. i-year, and the Firft.
Fruits, which were more cafual, role one Year with another, to
5000/. {o the whole amounted to between Sixteen ^nd Seventeen
Thouland Pounds a-year: This was not brought into the Treafury^
as the other Branches Oi the Revenue ; but the Bifhops, who had
been the Pope's Colledors, were now the King's, fo Perfons in fa-

VoL. II. 5 B " vour

370 lie History of the Reign

1 704. voiir obtained Afiignations on them, for Life or for a Term of Years:
This had never been appHed to any good ufe, but was ftill obtained
by Favourites, for themfelves and their Friends : And in King
Charles the Second's Time, it went chiefly among his Women and
his Natural Children. It leemed ftrange, that while the Clergy had
much Credit at Court, they had never reprelented this, as Sacri-
lege, unlefs it was applied to fome Religious Purpofe, and that
during Archbifhop Laud\ Favour with King Charles the Firft, or
at the Reftauration of King Charles the Second, no Endeavours had
been ufed to appropriate this to better Ufes: Sacrilege was charged
on other things, on very flight Grounds; but this, which was more
vifiblcj was always forgot.

When I wrote the Hiftory of the Reformation, I confidered this
Matter fo particularly, that I faw here was a proper Fund, for pro-
viding better Subfiftence to the poor Clergy ; we having among us
fome Hundreds of Cures, that have not of certain Proviflon Twenty
Pounds a-year; and fome Thoulands, that have not Fifty : Where
the Encouragement is fb fmall, what can it be expefted. Clergymen
fhould be? It is a crying Scandal, that at the Reftauration of Kiqg
Charles the Second, the Bifhops and other Dignitaries, who raifed
much above a Million in Fines, yet did fo little this way : I had
pofiefl"ed the late Queen with this, fo that flie was fully refolved, if
ever flie had lived to lee Peace and Settlement, to have cleared this
Branch of the Revenue, of all the Afllgnations, that were upon it,
and to have applied it to the Augmentation of fmall Benefices. This
is plainly inflnuated, in the Efiay that I wrote on her Memory,
fome time after her Death. I laid the Matter before the late King,
when there was a Profpedt of Peace, as a proper Expreflion both of
his Thankfulnels to Almighty God, and of his Care of the Church ;
I hoped that this might have gained the Hearts of the Clergy : It
might at leaft have put a flop to agroundlels Clamour railed againft
him, that he was an Enemy to the Clergy, which began then to
have a very ill effed: on all his Affairs. He entertained this fo well,
that he ordered me to fpeak to his Minifters about it : They all ap-
proved it, the Lord Sojners and the Lord Halifax did it, in a moft
particular manner : But the Earl of Sufiderland obtained an Aflig-
nation, upon two Diocefes, for Two Thoufand Pound a-year for
two Lives; fo nothing was to be hoped for after that. I laid this
Matter very fully before the prefent Queen, in the King's time, and
had fpoken often of it to the Lord Godolphin.

This Time was perhaps chofen, to pacify the angry Clergy, who
were diflatisfied with the Court, and began now to talk of the Dan-
ger the Church was in, as much as they had done during the former
Reign : This extraordinary Mark of the Queen's Piety and Zeal for
the Church, produced many Addrefles, full of Complements, but
it has not yet had any great efled, in foftening the Tempers of
i peevifh

of ^ccn Anne. 371

peevi/li Men. When the Queen's Mcflagc was brought to the Houfe 1 704.
of Commons, fome of the Whigs, particularly Sir y6/6;///<7//««c/ and * — » — ^
Sir Jofcph Jekylly moved that the Clergy might be entirely freed
from that Tax, fince they bore as heavy a Share of other Taxes ;
and that another Fund might be raifed of the fame Value, out of
which fmall Benefices might be augmented : But this was violently
oppofed by Mufgrave^ and other Tories, who (aid the Clergy
ought to be kept ftill in a Dependance on the Crown.

Upon the Queen's MefTage, a Bill was brought in^ enabUng htr to AnAdpaf-
alienate this Branch of the Revenue, and to create a Corporation by ^'^'i*'^"'*^
Charter, to apply it to the ule for which fhe now gave it : They \

added to this a Repeal of the Statute of Mortmain^ fo far as that it
might be free to all Men, either by Deed or by their la ft Wills,
to give what they thought fit towards the augmenting of Benefices:
It was fuggefted, how truly I cannot tell, that this Addition was
jnade in hope that it would be rejedled by the Lords, and that the
Scandal of lofing the Bill might He on them. It occafioned
a great Debate in the Houfe of Lords : It was laid, that this Law
was made and kept up even during the Times of Popery, and it
feemed not reafonable to open a Door to Pradlices upon dying Men.
It was anfwered, that we had not the Arts of affrighting Men by the
Terrors of Purgatory, or by Fables of Apparitions : Wherfe thefe
were pradifed, it was very reafonable to reftrain Priefts from thofe
Artifices, by which they had fo enriched their Church, that with-
out fome fuch effectual Checks they would have fwallowed up the
whole Wealth of the World, as they had indeed in England., during
Popery, made themfelves Mafters of a full third part of the Nation.
The Bilhops were fo zealous and unanimous for the Bill, that it wa^j
carried and pafled into a Law. The Queen was pleafed to let it
be known, that the firft Motion of this Matter came from me :
Such a Projedl would have been much magnified at another time j
and thofe, who had promoted it, would have been looked on as
the trueft Friends of the Church : But this did not fecm to make any
great Impreflion at that time; only it produced a Set of Addreffes,
I'rom all the Clergy of England, full of Thanks and juft Acknow-
ledgments.

I come now, in the laft place, to give the Relation of the Difcove- APiotdif^
ries made ot a Plot, which took up much of the Lords Time, and ^°^'^''^'^-
gave occafion to many fliarp Reflexions, that pafs'd between tlie two
Houles in their Addreffes to the Queen. About the fime time that
the Story of Fraziers Pafs and Negotiations began to break out,
Sir yohn Macdean a Papift, and the Head of that Tribe or Clan in
the Highlands and Weftern Ifics of Scotland, came over from
France in a little Boat, and landetl fecretly at Folkfion in Kent : He
brought his Lady with him, tho' Ihe had beei> delivered of a Child,
but eleven Days before. He was taken, and fcnt up to London ; and

37

The History of the Reign

704. it fccmed, by all Circiimftances, that he came over upon fome im-
—.'"-—' portant Defign : He pretended at firft, that he came only to go thro'
Englaiid and Scotland^ to take the Benefit of the Queen's general
Pardon there : But when he was told, that the Pardon in Scotland
was not a good Warrant to come into England^ and that it was
High-Trcafon to come from France^ without a Pafs, he was not
willing to expofe himfelf to the Severity of the Law: So he was pre-
vailed on to give an account of all that he knew, concerning the Ne-
gotiations between France and Scotland. Some others were at the
fame time taken up upon his Information, and fome upon Sufpicion :
Among thefe there was one Keith, whofe Uncle was one of thofe,
who was moft trufted by the Court of St. Germains, and whom they
had fcnt over with Frazier, to bring them an account of the Tem-
per the Scotch were in, upon which they might depend. K&ith had
been long at that Court, he had free Accefs both to that Queen and
Prince, and hoped they would have made him Under Secretary for
Scotland', for fome time, he denied that he knew any thing, but
afterwards he confefTed he was made acquainted with Frazier\
Tranfadions, and he undertook to deal with his Uncle to come and
difcover all he knew, and pretended there was no other Deiign
among them, but to lay Matters fo, that the Prince of Wales fhould
reign after the Queen. Fergufon offered himfelf to make great Dif-
coveries : He faid Frazier was imployed by the Duke of ^ueensbury,
to decoy fome into a Plot, which he had framed and intended to
difcover, as foon as he had drawn many into the Guilt: He affirmed
that there was no Plot among the Jacobites, who were glad to fee
one of the Race of the Stuarts on the Throne : And they deligned,
when the State of the War might difpofe the Queen to a Treaty
with France, to get fuch Terms given her, as King Stephe7i and
King Henry the Sixth had, to reign during her Life. When I
heard this, I could not but remember what the Duke o^ At hoi had
faid to myfelf, foon after the Queen's coming to the Crown : I faid,
I hoped none in Scotland thought of the Prince of Wales : He an-
fwered, he knew none that thought of him as long as the Queen
lived : I replied, that if any thought of him after that, I was fure the
Qiieen would live no longer, than till they thought their Defigns for
him were well laid : But he feemed to have no Apprehenfions of
that. I prefently told the Queen this, without naming the Perfon,
and fhe anfwered me very quick, there was no manner of doubt of
that : But tho' I could not but reflect often on that Difcourie, yet
fince it was faid to me in Confidence, I never fpoke of it to any one
Perfon, during all the Exiquiry, that was now on foot: But I think
it too material not to fet it down here. Fergufon \V2.% a Man of a
particular Chara<3:er : Upon the Revolution he had a very good Place
given him, but his Spirit was fo turned to Plotting, that within a
few Months after he turned about, and he has been ever fince the

boldefl

of ^een Anne. 373

boldeft and moft adlive Man of the 'Jacobite Party : He pretended 1 704..
he was now for High Church, but many believed him a Papift: ^—"^ — <
There was Matter of Treafon fworn both againft him and Keithy but
there was only one Witnefs to it.

At the iame time Lindfey was taken iif ; he had been Under-
Secretary firft to the Earl of Melforty and then to the Earl of Mid-
dletou7t ; he had carried over from France the Letters and Orders,
that gave rife to the Earl of Dundee & breaking out, the Year after
the Revolution ; and he had been much trufted at St. Germains ;
he had a fmall Eftate in Scotland^ and he pretended, that he took
the Benefit of the Qiieen's Pardon, and had gone to Scotland to
fave that ; and being fecured by this Pardon, he thought he might
come from Scotland to England ; but he could pretend no colour
for his coming to England^ fb it was not doubted, but that he
came hither to manage their Correfpondence and Intrigues. He
pretended he knew of no Defigns againft the Queen and her Go-
vernment ; and that the Court of St. Germainsy and the Earl of
Middletoun in particular, had no Defign againft the Queen ; but
when he was 0»ewed Frazier\ Commiilion to be a Colonel, figned
by the pretended King, and counterfigned Middletouny he feemed
amazed at it ; he did not pretend it was a Forgery, but he faid that
things of that kind were never communicated to him.

At the fame time, that thefe were taken up, others were taken on the
Q,02i^o{Suffex'y oneofthefe, Bouchery was a chief Officer in the Duke
of B^rw/Vy^'s Family, whowas then going to aS)^/3!/«, butitwasfufpedled
thatthis was a Blind to cover his goingto Scot land 'y theHoufe of Lords
apprehended, that this Man was fent on great Defigns, and fufpedt-
ing a Remiflhefs in the Miniftry, in looking after and examining
thofe, who came from Francey they made an Addrefs to the Queen,
that Boucher might be well look'd to; they did alfo order Sir John
Macclean to be brought before them ; but the Queen, fent them a
Meflage, that Macclean^ Bufinefs was then in a Method of Exami-
nation, and that fhe did not think fit to alter that, for fome time :
But as for Bouchery and thofe who were taken with him, the Earl
oi Nottingham told the Houfe, that th'iy were brought up, and that
they might do with them as they pleafed ; upon that the Houfe
fent back Maccleany and ordered the Uflier of the Black Rod to take
the other Prifoners into his Cuftody, and they named a Committee
of feven Lords to examine them. At this time, the Queen came to
the Parliament, and acquainted both Houfes, that fhe had unquef^
tionable Proofs of a Correfpondence between France and Scotlandy
with which fhe would acquaint them, when the Examinations
were taken.

The Commons were in an ill humour againft the Lords, and fo ^^PjJ'^JjJ^'
they were glad to find Occafions to vent it: They thought the Lords two Houfes
ought not to have cntrcd upon this Examination ; they complained J" the ^"^ ^

Vol. II. 5 C of^"^

iueen.

^74 ^^^ History of the Reign

1 70A. of it as of a new and unheard-of thing, in an Addrefs to the Queen ;
"' ' they faid it was an Invafion of her Prerogative, which they defired
her to exert. This was a Proceeding without a Precedent; the Par-
liamentary Method was, when one Houfe was offended with any
thing done in the other, Conferences were demanded, in which
Matters were freely debated; to begin an Appeal to the Throne
was new, and might be managed, by an ill-defigning Prince, fo as
to end in the Subverfion of the whole Conftitution ; and it was
an amazing thing, to fee a Houfe of Commons affirm, in fo pub-
lick a manner and fo politively, that the Lords taking Criminals
into their own Cuftody, in order to an Examination, was without
Warrant or Precedent ; when there were fb many Inffcances, frefh
in every Man's Memory, cfpecially fince the Time of the Popifh
Plot, of Precedents in both Houfes, that went much further ; of
which a full Search has been made, and a long Lift of them was
read in the Houfe of Lords. That did not a little confound thofe
ahiong them, who were believed to be in a fecret Correlpondence
with the Houfe of Commons ; they were forced to confefs, that
thcv faw the Lords had clear Precedents to juftify them, in what
they had done, of which they were in great doubt before.

The Lords upon this made a very long Addrels to the Queen, in
which they complained of the ill Ufage they had met with from the
Houfe of Commons ; they ufed none of thofe hard Words, that
were in the Addrefs made againft them by the Houfe of Commons,
yet they juftified every Step they had taken, as founded on the Law
and Pradice of Parliament, and no way contrary to the Duty and
Refped they owed the Queen : The Behaviour of the Houfe of
Commons was fuch, on this occafion, as if they had no mind that
Plots fhould be narrowly looked into ; no Houfe of Parliament, and
indeed no Court of Judicature, did examine any Perfon, without
taking him into their own Cuftody, during fuch Examination; and
if a Perfon's being in Cuftody muft reftrain a Houfe of Parliament
from examining him, here was a Maxim laid down, by which bad
Minifters might cover themfelves from any Enquiry into their ill
Pradices, only by taking the Perfons, who could make Difcove-
ries, into Cuftody : The Lords alfo fet forth the ill Conlcquences
that might follow, upon one Houfe of Parliament carrying their
Complaints of another to the Throne, without taking ,firft the pro-
per Method of Conferences: This Addrefs was drawn with the
utmoft Force, as well as Beauty and Decency of Stile ; and was
reckoned one of the beft Pieces of its kind, that were in all the Re-
cords of Parliament. Tlie Queen, in her Anfwer, exprefled a great
Concern to fee fuch a Difpute, between the two Houfes.

Boucher^ when he was examined, would confefs nothing; he
laid, he was weary of living fo long out of his Country, and that
having made fome Attempt to obtain a Pafs, when that was denied

him.

of ^een Anne. ' 37^

Bim, he chofe, rather than to live always abroad, to come and 1704.
caft himfclf upon the Queen's Mercy ; it did not feem reafon- *— v-^
able to believe this; fo the Lords made an Ad drefs to the Queen,
that he might have no hopes of Pardon, till he was more fincere
in his Difcoveries ; and they prayed that he might be profecuted on
the Statute : He confefTcd his Crime, and was condemned, but con-
tinued ftiil denying, that he knew any thing ; few could believe
this ; yet there being no Ipecial Matter laid againft him, his Cafe
was to be pitied ; he proved, that he had faved the Lives of many
Prifoners, during the War of Ireland, and that during the War in
Flanders, he had been very careful of all Englijh Prifoners : When
all this was laid before the Lords, they did not think fit to carry the
Matter farther, fo he was reprieved, and that Matter flept.

About the end of January, the Queen fent the Examinations of
the Prifoners to the two Houfes ; the Houfe of Commons heard
them read, but pafs'd no Judgment upon them, nor did they offer
any Advice to the Queen, upon this occafion ; they only fent them
back to the Queen, with Thanks for communicating them, and for
her Wifdom and Care of the Nation : It was thought ftrange, to
fee a Bufinefs of this nature treated fo flightly, by a Body that had
looked, in former times, more carefully to things of this kind ; cipe-
cially fince it had appeared, in many Inftanccs, how dextrous the
French were in raifing Diftradions in their Enemies Country: It was
evident, that a Negotiation was begun, and had been now carried on
for fome time, for an Army that was to be fent from France to Scot-
land, upon this, which was the main of the Difcovery, it was very
amazing to fee, that the Commons neither offered the Queen any
Advice, nor gave her a Vote of Credit, for any extraordinary Ex-
pence, in which the Progrels of that Matter might engage her; a
Credit fo given might have had a great effedl, towards defeating the
Defign, when it appeared how well the Queen was furnifhed to re-
fift it : This Coldnefs, in the Houfe of Commons, gave great and
juft ground of Sufpicion, that thofe, who had the chief Credit
there, did not aft heartily, in order to the defeating all fuch Plots,
but were willing to let them go on, without Check or Oppofition.

The Lords refolved to examine the whole Matter narrowly ; the The Lor*
Earl of Nottingham laid before them, an Abftradt of all the Exami- crerE^amt
nations, the Council had taken ; but fome took great Exceptions "^ho^J^^c^
to it, as drawn on defign to make it appear more incoofiderable, than fufpcaedto
they believed it to be : The Subftance of the whole was, that there pto"^"*
went many Meffages between the Courts of St. Germains and Fer-
f allies, with relation to the Affairs oi Scotland', the Court oi Ver-
failles was willing to fend an Army to Scotland, but they defired
to be well affured of the Affiflance they might exped there ; in
order to which, fome were fent over, according to what Frazier
had told the Duke (pf ^eensbury, fome of the Papers were writ

ia

37<5 The History of the Reign

1704. in Gibberifh, fo the Lords moved that a Reward fhould he offerefl,
to any who Ihould decypher thefe. When the Lords asked the Earl
of Nottinghatrii if every thing was laid before them, he anfwered,
that there was only one Particular kept from them; becaufe they
were in hopes of a Difcovery, that was like to be of more Confe-
quence than all the reft : fo after the delay of a few Days, to fee
the Ifllie of it, which was Keith\ endeavouring to perfuade his Un-
cle (who knew every Step that had been made, in the whole Pro-
gref» of this Affair) to come in and difcover it, when they were:
told there was no more hope of that, the Lords ordered the Com-
mittee, which had examined Boucher^ to examine into all thele
Difcoveries. Upon this the 'Commons^ who expreffed a great un-
eafinefs, at every Step the Lords made in the Matter, went with a
new Addrefs to the Queen> infifting on their former Complaints,
againft the Proceedings of the Lords, as a wrefting the Matter out
of the Queen's Hands, and the taking it wholly into their own;
and they prayed the Queen to refume her Prerogative, thus violated
by the Lords, whofe Proceedings they affirmed to be without a Pre-
cedent.

The feven Lords went on with their Examinations, and after
fome Days they made a Report to the Houfe ; M^cc/<?^«'s Confef-
fion was the main thing ; it was fiill and particular ; he named the
Perfons that fate in the Council at St.Germains', he laid, the Com-
mand was offered to the Duke of Berwick, which he declined to
accept, till trial was made whether Duke Hamilton would accept
of it, who he thought was the proper Perfon; he told likewife,
what Diredions had been lent to hinder the fettHng theSucceffion in
Scotland -y none of which Particulars were in the Paper, that the
Earl of Nottingham had brought to the Houfe of his Confeffion.
It was farther obferved, that all the reft, whole examinations a-
mounted to little, were obliged to write their own Confeffions, or at
leail to fign them: But Macclean had not done this; for after he
had delivered his Confeffion by Word of Mouth to the Earl of Not-
tingham, that Lord wrote it all from his Report, and read it to
him the next Day ; upon which he acknowledged, it contained a
full Account of all he had laid. Maccleafis Difcovery to the Lords
was a clear Series of all the Counlels and Meflages, and it gave a full
View of the Debates and Opinions in the Council at St. Gerniainsy
all which was omitted in that, which was taken by the Earl of Not-
tingham, and his Paper concerning it was both fhort and dark ; there
was an Appearance of Truth, in all that Macclean told, and a re-
gular Progrefs was fet forth in it.

Upon thefe Obfervations thofe Lords, who were not latisfied with

the Earl of Nottingham % Paper, intended to have pafled a Cenfure

upon it, as imperfeft : It was faid, in the Debate that followed

upon this Motion, either Macclean was asked, who was to com-

i, mand

of ^een A n k e. 377

mand the Army to be fent mto Scotland^ or he was not; if he 1704,
was asked the Qiieftion, and had anfwered it, then the Earl of
Nottingham had not fervcd the Queen or ufcd the ParHament
well, lince he had not put it in the Paper ; if it was not asked,
here was great Remiflhefs in a Minifter, when it was confeflcd,
that the fending over an Army was in confultation, not to ask who
was to command that Army. Upon this Oc< afion, the Earl of
Torrington made fome Refledtions, that had too deep a Venom in
them: He faid, the Earl o{ Nottingham did pro.e, that he had
often read over the Paper, in which he had fet down Macckan%
Confeflion, in his hearing ; and had asked h^'in, if all he had con-
fefled to him was not fully fet down in that Paper ; to which he al-
ways anfwered, that every thing he had laid was contained in it.
Upon this, that Earl oblerved, that Macclean^ having perhaps told
his whole Story to the Earl of Nottingham^ and finding afterwards,"
that he had writ fuch a dcfedlive Account of it, he had reafon to
conclude, (for he believed, had he been in his condition, he fhould
have concluded fo himfelf,) that the Ea rl o^ Nottingham had no mind,
that he fliould mention any thing, but what he had writ down, and
that he defired that the reft might be fuppreffed : He could not
judge of others but by himfelf; if his Life had been in danger, and if
he were interrogated by a Minifter of State, wlio could do him either
much Good or much Hurt, and if he had made :; full Difcovery to
him, but had obferved that this Minifter, in taking his Coafeflion
in Writing, had omitted many things, he fhould have underftood
that, as an Intimation that he was to fpeak of thefe things no more ;
and fo he believed he fhould have faid it was all, tho' at the fame
time he knew it was not all, that he had faid. It was hereupon
moved, that Macclean might be fent for and interrogated, but the
Party was not ftrong enough to carry any thing of that kind ; and
by a previous Vote it was carried, to put no queftion concerning the
Earl oi Notti7igham\ Paper.

The Lords were highly offended with Fergufons Paper, and
pafs'd a fevere Vote againft thofe Lords, who had received fuch a
fcandalous Paper from him, and had not ordered him tobeprofecuted
upon it; which they direfted the Attorney-General to do. It was ap-
parent, there Was a" Train of dangerous Negotiations, that pafTed
between Scotland and St. Gerfnains^ tho' they could not penetrate
into the Bottom and Depth of it : And the Defign of Keith\ bring-
ing in his Uncle, was managed fo remiffly, that itwas generally con-
cluded that it was not in earneft defired it fhould fucceed. During
thefe Debates, one very extraordinary thing happened : The Earl of
Nottingham did, upon three or four occafions, affirm, that fome
things had been ordered in the Cabinet Council, which the Dukes
of Somerfet and DevonJJjtre^ who were likewife of tliat Council,
did not agree with him in.

Vol. IL 5D After

the Lords.

378 The History oj the Reign

1 704. After all thefe Examinations and Debates, the Lords concluded

*- — ^~--' the whole Matter, with voting that there had been dangerous Plots

Opmioii up between fome in Scotland 2in^ the Court o^ Fraftce and Si. Germainsy

Matwn ^""'^ and that the Encouragement of this Plotting came, from the not

Tettling the Succeffion to the Crown of Scotland^ in the Houfe of

Ha?iGver : Thefe Votes they laid before the Queen; and promifed,

that when this was done, they would endeavour to promote the

Union of the two Kingdoms, upon juft and reafonable Terms.

AnAddrefs This being ended, they made a long and vigorous Addrefs^ in

juiHjying aufwcr to that which the Commons had made againft them : Thev

the I ro- o J

ceedinj^of obfervcd how uneafy the Commons had been at the whole Progrels
of their Inquiry into this Matter, and had taken Methods to ob-
flrud it all they could; which did not fhew that Zeal for the Queen's
Safety, and- the Prefervation of the Nation', to which all Men pre-
tended : I'hey annexed to their Addrefs, a Lift of many Prece-
dents, to fhew what good Warrants they had for every Step they
had niade : They took not the Examination to themfelves, fb as to
exclude others who had the fame Right, and might have done it
as well as they, if they had plealed : Their Proceedings had been Re-
gular and Parliamentary, as well as full of Zeal and Duty to the
Qiieen : They made fevere Obfervations on fome of the Proceedings
in the Houfe of Commons, particularly on their not ordering Writs
to be iffued out for fome Burroughs, to proceed to new Eledions,
when they, upon pretence of Corruption, had voted an Eledion
void ; which had been pradifed of late, when it was vifible that the
Eledion would not fall on the Perfon they favoured. They charged
this as a Denial of Juftice, and of the Right that fuch Burroughs
had to be reprefented in Parliament, and as an arbitrary and
illegal way of proceeding: This Addrefs was penned with great
Care and much Force. Thefe Addrefles were drawn by the Lord
So7nerSi and were read over and confidered and correded very criti-
cally, by a few Lords, among whom I had the honour to be called
for one. This, with the other Papers that were publifhed by the
Lords, made a great Impreflion on the Body of the Nation : For
the difference that was between thefe, and thofe publifhed by the
Houfe of Commons, was indeed fo vifible, that ii did not admit
of any Comparifon, and was confelled even by thofe who were
the moft partial to them.

An Aft for An Ad: paffed in this Seffion, which may be of great advan-
tage to the Nation, if well executed ; otherwife, fince it is only
enaded for one Year, it will not be of much ufe : It impowers
the Jufticcs of Peace, or any three of them, to take up fuch idle
Perfons, as have no Callings nor Means of Subfiftence, and to
deliver them to the Officers of the Army, upon paying them the
Levy Money, that is allowed for making Recruits ; The Methods of

railing

Recruits.

of ^een AnnE' 379

ralfing thefe hitherto, by drinking and other bad Pracftices, as they 1704.
were juftly odious, fo they were now fb well known, that they were ' — ''""^
no more of any effed : So that the Army could not be recruited,
but by the help of this Adt. And if this is well managed, it will
prove of great advantage to the Nation ; fmce by this means, they
will be delivered from many vicious and idle Perfons, who are be-
come a Burthen to their Country : And indeed there was of late
Years fo great an Encreafe of the Poor, that their Maintenance was
become in moll Places a very heavy Load, and amounted to the fiill
half of the publick Taxes. The Party in both Houlcs, that had
been all along cold and backward in the War, oppofed this AA with
unufual Vehemence ; they pretended Zeal for the publick Liberty,
and the Freedom of the Peribn, to which, by the Conftitution, they
laid every Englijhman had a Right ; which they thought could not
be given away, but by a legal Judgment, and for Ibme Crime. They
tliought this put a Power in the hands of Jufticcs of Peace, which
might be ftretched and abufed, to ferve bad Ends : Thus Men, that
feemed engaged to an Interell, that was deftrud^ive to all Liberty,
could yet make ufe of that Ipecious Pretence, to ferve their Purpofe.
The Ad: pafs'd, and has been continued from Year to Year, with a
very good eifed:: Only a vifible Remiffneis appears in fomc Juftices,
who are lecretly influenced by Men of ill Deflgns.

The chief Objedion made to it in the Houfe of Lords was, that ^ Addreft
the Juftices of Peace had been put in and put out, in io ftrange a the Juftica
manner, ever lince Wright had the Great Seal, that they did not °^ ^'^*^'**
deferve lb great a Power fliould be committed to them : Many Gen-
tlemen, of good Eftates, and ancient Families, had been of late put
out of the Commiilion, for no other vilible reafon, but becaule they
had gone in heartily to the Revolution, and had continued zealous for
the late King. This feemed done on delign to mark them, and to
lelTen the Intereft they had in the Eledions of Members of' Parlia-
ment : And at the lame time. Men of no Worth nor Eftate, and
known to be iil-affeded to the Queen's Title, and to the Proteftant
Succeflion, were put in, to the great Encouragement of ill-defigning
Men : All was managed by fecret Accufations, and Charaders thai:
were very partially given. IVright was a Zealot to the Party, and
was become very exceptionable in all Refpeds : Money, as was
faid, did every thing with him ; only in his Court, I never heard
him charged, for any thing but great Slownefs, by which the Chan-
cery was become one of the heavieft Grievances of the Nation. An
Addrefs was made to tlie Queen, complaining of the Commiffions of
the Peace, in which the Lords delivered their Opinion, that fuch as
would not ferve, or ad under the late King, were not fit to ferv6
her Majefty.

With this the Scflion of Parliament was brought to a quiet Con^ "^^"^ »"
cluiion, after much Heat and a great deal of Contention between many^efpe-

1 ciailyp^rhe

380 The FIisTORY of the Reign

1 704. the two Houfes : The Queen, as fhe thanked them for the Supplies,
^-"^r-^ fo ihe again recommended Union and Moderation to them. Thefe
Words, which had hitherto carried fo good a Sound, that all fides
pretended to them, were now become fo odious to violent Men, that
even in Sermons, chiefly at Oxford^ they were arraigned as import-
ing fomewhat, that was unkind to the Church, and that favoured
the DiiTenters : The Houfe of Commons had, during this Se/Iion,
loft much of their Reputation, not only with fair and impartial
Judges, but even with thofe, who were moft inclined to favour
them. It is true, the Body of the Freeholders began to be uneaiy
under the Taxes, and to cry out for a Peace : And moft of the capi-
, tal Gentry of Kngland^ who had the moft to lofe, feemed to be ill-

turned, and not to apprehend the Dangers we were in, ifwefhould
fall under the Power of France^ and into the hands of the pretended
Prince of, Wales ; or elfe they were fo fatally blinded, as not to fee
that thefe muft be the Confequences of thofe Meafures, into which
they were engaged.

The Univerflties, Oxford efpecially, have been very unhappily
fuccefsful in corrupting the Principles of thofe, who were fent to be
bred among them : So that few of them efcaped the Taint of it,
and the Generality of the Clergy were not only ill-principled, but ill-
tempered ; they exclaimed againft all Moderation as endangering the
Church, tho' it is vilible, that the Church is in no fort of Danger,
from either the Numbers or the Intereft that the Diflenters have
■ among lis, which by reafon of the Toleration is now fo quieted, that
nothing can keep up any Heat in thofe Matters, but the Folly and
bad Humour, that the Clergy are poflefTed with, and which they
infufe into all thofe, with whom they have Credit : But at the
fame time, tho' the great and viftble Danger, that hangs over us, is
from Popery, which a Milcarriage in the prefent War muft let in
upon us, with an Inundation, not to be either reflfted or recovered,
they feem to be blind on that flde, and to apprehend and fear no-
thing from that Quarter.

The Convocation did little this Winter, they continued their for-
mer ill Prad:ices, but little Oppofttion was made to them, as very
little regard was had to them : They drew up a Reprefentation of
fome Abufes in the Eccleflaftical Dilcipline, and in the Conflftorial
Courts : But took care to mention none of thofe greater ones, of
which many among themfelves were eminently guilty ; fuch as Plu-
ralities, Non-refldence, the Negledl of their Cures, and the Irregu-
larities in the Lives of the Clergy, which were too vilible.
The Duke Soon after the Seflion was ended, the Duke of Marlborough went
ro«.?/wen't ovcr to Holland. He had gone over for fome Weeks, at the defire
inWin^ef ^^ ^he States^ in January^ and then there was a Scheme form'd for
the Operations of the next Campaign. It was refolved that, inftcad

©f

of ^een Anne. ' 3 ^ i

of a fruitlefs one in the Netherlands ^ they would have a fmail Army .1 704.
there, to lie only on the defcnfive, which was to be commanded by «— "v-*-^
M. Auverquerque\ but that, fince the Rhine was open, by the
takin^T of Bonne^ all up to the Mozelle^ their main Army, that wa«
to be commanded by the Duke of Marlborough^ fhould Z.&. there :
More was not underftood to be dcfigned, except by thofe who were
taken into the Confidence. Upon this, all the Preparations for the
Campaign were ordered to be carried up to the Rhine; and fo every
thing was in a readinefs, when he returned back to them in April :
The true Secret was in itv^ hands, and the French had no hint of
it, and feemed to have no Apprehetifions about it.

The Earl of Nottinghamw^s animated by the Party, to prefs the '^'^ ^'"I^J^
Queen, to difmifs the Dukes of Somerfet and Devonjhire from the quitted his
Cabinet Council, at leaft that they might be called thither no more: "'
He moved it often, but finding no Inclination in the Queen to com-
ply with his Motion, he carried the Signet to her, and told her, he
could not lerve any longer in Councils, to which thele Lords were
admitted : But the Queen defired him to confider better of it. He
returned next day, fixed in his firfl: Refolution, to which he ad-
hered the more fteadily, becaufe the Queen had fent to the Earl of
yerfeyy for the Lord Chamberlain's Staff, and to Siv Edward Sey-'^^^^^^°i
mour for the Comptroller's. The Earl of Jcrfey was a weak Man, ilr Edward
but crafty and well pradifed in the Arts of a Court : His Lady fS out.
was a Papift, and it was believed, that while he was Ambafla-
dor in France, he was fecretly reconciled to the Court of
St. Germains : For after that, he feemed in their Interefts. It
was one of the Reproaches of the laft Reign, that he had fo much
Credit with the late King ; who was fo fenfible of it, that if he had
lived a little while longer, he would have difmifled him i He was
confidered as the Perfon, that was now in the clofeft: Correfpon-
dence with the Court of France ; and tho' he was in himfelf a very
inconfiderable Man, yet he was applied to, by all thofe who wifhed
well to the Court of St. Germains. The Earl of Kent had thei
Staff; he was the firft Earl o^ England, and had a great Eftate:
Ma7ifell, the Heir of a great Family in Wales, was made Comp-
troller; and after a Month's Delay, Harley, the Speaker, was madef
Secretary of State.

But now I turn to give an Account of the Affairs abroad, the Tiie Duke;
Emperor was reduced to the laft Extremities ; the Eledlor o^ Ba- rlJ^hcan-
varia was Mafter of the Danube all down to Pajfau, and the Male- Jj'^^^J ^^^
contents in Hungary were making a formidable Progrels: The Em- §«« Se-
peror was not in a condition to maintain a DefenfiveWar long, on both "^^^'
hands ; fo that when, thefe fhould come to a<H: by concert, no Oppofi-
tion could be made to them. Thus his Affairs had a very black A{J-
pearance, and utter Ruin was to be apprehended ; Vienna would be
probably befieged on both fides; and it was not in a condition to make

Vol. IL 5 E a

382 The History of the Reign

1704. a long Defence : So the Houfe oi Aujlria feemed loft. Prince

u— V ' Eugene propofed that the Emperor fhould implore the Queen's

Protedion ; this was agreed to, and Count Wratijlaw managed the
Matter at our Court, with great Application and Secrecy; the Duke
o{ Marlborough faw the neceility of undertaking it, and refolved to
try, if it was pojfUble, to put it in execution. When he went into
Holland in the Winter, he propofed it to the Penfioner and other
Perfons of the greateft Confidence ; they approved of it, but it was
not aavifeable to propofe it to the States ; at that time, many of
them would not have thought their Country fafe, if their Army fhould
be fent fo far from them ; nothij^g could be long a Secret, that was
propofed to fuch an AfTembly, and the main hope of fucceeding in
this Defign lay in the Secrecy, with which it was conduced. Under
the Blind of the Projed of carrying the War to the Mozelle, every
thing was prepared, that was necefiary for executing the true De-
fign. When the Duke went over the lecond time, that which was
propofed in publick, related only to the Motions towards the Mo-
zelle ; fo he drew his Army together in May : he marched towards
the Mozelle ; but he went farther, and after he had gained the Ad-
vance of fome Days of the French Troops, he wrote to the States
from Ladenburg to let them know, that he had the Queen's Order,
to march to the Relief of the Empire, with which he hoped they
would agree, and allow of his carrying their Troops, to fhare in the
Honour of that Expedition ; he had their Anfwer, as quick as the
Courier could carry it, by which they approved of the Defign, and
of his carrying their Troops with him.
' Hemaiched So he marchcd with all poflible Expedition from the Rhine Xaxho:
to>theD<»- £)anube; which was a great Surprize to the Court of iv-^^c^, as
well as to the Eledor of Bavaria. The King of France lent Orders
" to Marefchal Tallard-, to march in all hafte, with the beft Troops
they had, to fupport the Eledor ; he apprehended, that the Duke
of Marlborough would endeavour to pafs the Danube at Donawertt
and fo to break into Bavaria : To prevent that, he pofted about
1 6000 of his beft Troops at Schellenberg near Donawert; which was
looked on as a very ftrong and tenable Poft. The Duke o^ Marlbo-
rough joined the Prince of Baden-, with the Imperial Army, in the
beginning of July ; and after a long March, continued from three
The Battle in the Morning, they came up to the Bavarian Troops towards the
irg. ^ ^^' Evening ; they were fo well pofted, that our Men were repulfed
in the three firft Attacks with great Lofs ; at laft the Enemy were
beat from their Pofts, which was followed with a total Rout, and
we became Mafters of their Camp, their Artillery and their Baggage.
Their General Arco-t with many others, fwam over the Danube :
Others got into Donawert, which they abandoned next Morning,
with that precipitation, that they were not able to execute the Elec-
tor's cruel Orders, which were to fet fire to the Town, if they fhould

be

of ^een Anne. 383

be forced to abandon it : Great Quantities of Straw were laid in 1 704.
many places, as a Preparation for that, in cafe of a Misfortune.

The beft half of the Bavarian Forces were now entirely routed,
about 5000 of them were killed: We lofl: as many, for the Adion
was very hot, and our Men were much expofed ; yet they went ftill
on, and continued the Attack with fuch Refolution, that it let the
Generals fee, how much they might depend on the Courage of their
Soldiers. Now we were Mafters of Donawert^ and thereby of a
Paflage over the Danube^ which laid all Bavaria open to our Army:
Upon that the Eledlor, with Marefchal Marjtn^ drew the reft of
his Army under the Cannon of Augsbourg^ where he lay fo well
pofted, that it was not poflible to attack him, nor to force him out
of it ; the Duke of Marlborough followed him, and got between
him and his Country ; fo that it was wholly in his power. When
he had him at this difadvantage, he entred upon a Treaty with him,
and offered him what Terms he could defire, either for himfelf or
his Brother, even to the paying him the whole Charge of the War,
upon condition thathe would immediately break with ^^French, and
fend his Army mXaltalyt to join with thclmperialijis there: HisSub-
jed:s, who were now at mercy, prefled him vehemently to accept of
thole Terms ; he feemed inclined to hearken to them, and Meflengers
went often between the two Armies : but this was done only to gain
time, for he fent Courier after Courier, with moft prefling Inftances
to haften the Advance of the French Army. When he faw, he could
gain no more time, the Matter went fo far, that the Articles were
ordered to be made ready for ligning : In conclufion, he refuled to
lign them ; and then levere Orders were given for Military Execu-'
tion on his Country : Every thing that was within the reach of the
Army, that was worth taking, was brought away ; and the reft
was burnt and deftroyed.

The two Generals did after that refolve on further Adion, and
fince the Eledtor's Camp could not be forced, the Sitgco^ Ingolft ad
was to be carried on : It was the moft important Place he had, in
which his great Magazines were laid up. The Prince of Baden
went to befiege it ; and the Duke of Marlborough was to cover the
Siege, in conjundtion with Prince Eugene^ who commanded a Body
of the Imperial Army, which was now drawn out of the Pofts, in
which they had been put, in order to hinder the March of the
French : But they were not able to maintain them, againft fo great
a Force as was now coming up; thefe formed a great Army. Prince
Eugene, having Intell'gence of the quick Motions of the French,
pofted his Troops, that were about 18000, as advantageoufly as he
could: And went to concert Matters with the Duke o^ Marlborough,
who lay at fome diftance : He upon that marched towards the
Prince's Army with all poflible hafte, and fo the two Armies joined ;
it was now in the beginning o{ Auguji, The Eledor hearing how

near

384 "^^^ History j)f the Reign

1 704. near M. fallard was, marched with M. Marfin^ and joined him.
^^-Y — ' Their Armies advanced very near ours, and were well pofted ;
having the Danube on one fide, and a Rivulet on the other, whofe
Banks were high, and in fome places formed a Morafs before them.
The two Armies were now in view one of another : The French
were fuperior to us in Foot, by about 10000 ; but we had 3000
Horfe more than they : The Poft, of which they were poffefled,
was capable of being, in a very little time, put out of all danger
of future Attacks ; fo the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugerie
faw how important it was, to lofe no time, and refolved to attack
them the next Morning: They faw the Danger of being forced
otherwife to lie idle in their Camp, 'till their Forage fhould be
confumed, and their Provifions fpent. They had alfo intercepted
Letters from MavekhalFil/eroy to the Eledlor, by which it appeared,
that he had Orders to march into Wirtemberg^ to deftroy that Coun-
try, and to cut off the Communication with the Rhine, which muft
have been fatal to us : So the neceflary Dilpofitions were made for
the next Morning's Adion. Many of the General Officers came
and reprefented to the Duke of Marlborough the Difficulties of the
Defign ; he faid he faw thefe well, but the Thing was abfolutely
neceflary : fo they were fent to give Orders every where, which was
received all over the Army with an Alacrity, that gave a happy Pre-
fage of the Succefs that followed.

1 will not venture on a particular Relation of that great Day ; I
have feen a copious Account of it, prepared by the Duke of Marl-
borough\ Orders, that will be printed fome time or other: But there
are fome Paflages in it, which make him not think it fit to be pub-
liOied prefently. He told me, he never faw more evident Charac-
ters of a fpecial Providence, than appeared that Day ; a fignal one
related to his own Perfon ; a Cannon-Ball went into the Ground {o
near him, that he was fome time quite covered with the Cloud of
Duft and Earth that it raifed about him. I will fum up the Adion
in a few Words.
The Battle C)ur Men quickly pafled the Brook, the French making no Op-
oiHockfied. pofition : This was a fatal Errour, and was laid wholly to Tallards
Charge ; the Adtion that followed, was for fome time very hot,
many fell on both fides ; ten Battalions of the French ftood their
ground, but were in a manner mowed down in their Ranks ; upon
that, the Horfe ran, many of them into the Danube, mofl: of thefe
periflied ; Tallard himfelf was taken Prifoner. The reft of his
Troops were pofted in the Village of Blenheim : Thefe, feeing all
loft, and that fome Bodies were advancing upon them, which
feemed to them to be thicker than indeed they were, and appre-
hending that it was impoffible to break thro', they did not attempt
it, tho' brave Men might have made their way. Inftead of that,
when our Men came up to fet fire to the Village; the Earl of Orkney

firft

of ^een Anne.' 385

firft beating a Parley, they hearkened to it very eafily, and were 1704.'
all made Prifoncrs of" War : There were about 1300 Officers and
1 2000 common Soldiers, who laid down their Arms, and were
now in our hands. I'hus all Tallard\ Army was either killed in
the A<3:ion, drowned in the Danube-^ or become Pri&ners by Ca-
pitulation : Things went not fo eafily on Prince Eugenes fide,
where the Ele<5lor and Marjin commanded ; he was repulfed in
three Attacks, but carried the fourth, and broke in ; and fo he was
Mafler of their Camp, Cannon, and Baggage. The Enemy retired
in fome order, and he purfued them as far as Men, wearied with
xin Aftion of about fix Hours, in an extreme hot Day, could go ;
thus we gained an entire Vidory. In this Adion there was on our
fide about 1 2000 killed and wounded; but the French and the
Elector lofl about 40000 killed, wounded and taken.

The Elector marched with all the hafle he could to U/mj where
he left fome Troops, and then with a fmall Body got to Villeroy\
Army. Now all Bavaria was at mercy; the Eledtrefs received
the Civilities due to her Sex, but fhe was forced to fubmitto fuch
Terms, as were impofed on her : Ingoljlad and all the fortified
Places in the Electorate, with the Magazines that were in them,
were foon delivered up : Augsbourg^ Ulm and Memimg quickly
recovered their Liberty ; fo now our Army, having put a fpeedy
Conclufion t'o the War, that was got fo far into the Bowels of the
Empire, marched quickly back to the Rhine. The Emperor made
great Acknowledgements of this fignal Service, which the Duke of
Marlborough had done him, and upon it offered to make him a
Prince of the Empire ; he very decently faid, he could not accept of
this, till he knew the Queen's Pleafure; and upon her confenting to
it, he was created a Prince of the Empire, and about a Year after,
Mindleheim was affigned him for his Principality.

Upon this great Succefs in Germany^ the Duke of Savoy fent a
very prefTing Meflage for a prefent Supply ; the Duke of Vendoi?ie
was in Piedmont^ and after a long Siege had taken Verceil-, and was
like to make a further Progrefs : The few Remains of the Imperial
Army, that lay in the Modoneze, gave but a fmall Divcrflon ; the
Grand Prior had fb fhut them up, that they lay on a feeble Defenfive ;
Baron Leiningen was fent, with another fmall Army into thcBre/cian;
but he was fo ill fupplied, that he could do nothing, but eat up the
Country ; and the yenetiam were fo feeble and fo fearful, that they
fuffered their Country to be eat up by both fides, without declaring
for or againfl either. The Prince of Baden infifled on under-
taking the Siege of Landau^ as necefTary to fecure the Circles,
Suabia in particular, from' the Excurfions of that Garrifon : This was
popular in Germany, and tho' the Duke of Marlborough did not ap-
prove it, he did not oppofe it, with all the Authority that his great Suc-
cefs gave him: So the Prince of Baden undertook it, while the Duke

Vol. II. 5 F witli

,586 The History of the Reign

1 704. with his Army cover'd the Siege. This was univerfally blamed, for
V^-v— -^ while Frame was in the Confternation, which the late great Lofs
brought them under, a more vigorous Proceeding was like to have
greater Efiefts ; beddes that the Imperial Army was ill providedj
the great Chafge of a Siege was above their Strength : The Prince of
Baden fuftered much in his Reputation for this Undertaking ; it was
• that, which the French wilhed for, and fo it was fulpe^ed, that
fome fecret Practice had prevailed on that Prince to propofe it. It is
certain, that he was jealous of the Glory the Duke had got, in which
he had no fhare ; and it was believed, that if he had not gone to be-
jfiege Ingolftat^ the Battle had never been fought : He was indeed
fo fierce a Bigot in his Religion, that he could not bear the Succcfles
of thofe, he called Hereticks, and the Exaltation which he thought;
Herefy might have upon it.

While the Duke of Marlborough lay covering the Siege, Villeroy
with his Army came and looked on him ; but as our Soldiers were
exalted with their Succels, fo the French were too much dilpirited
with their Loffes, to make any Attack, or to put any thing to hazard,
in order to raife the Siege : They retired back, and went into Quar-
ters, and trufled to the bad State of the Imperial Army, who were
ill provided and ill fupplied ; the Garrifon made as vigorous a De-
fence, and drew out the Siege to as great a Length, as could be ei-
peded : The Prince of Baden had neither Engineers nor Ammuni-
tion, and wanted Money to provide them j fo that if the Duke had
not fupplied him, he muft have been forced to give it over. The King
of the Romans came again, to have the honour of taking the Place ;
his Behaviour there did not ferve to raife his Charader ; he was not
often in the Places of Danger, and was content to look on at a great
and fafe Diftance ; he was always befet with Priefts, and fuch a face
of Superftition and Bigotry appeared about him, that it very much
damped the Hopes, that were given of him.
The Duke When it appeared, that there was no need of an Army to cover
rLJfad-" the Siege, and that the Place could not hold out many Days : The
vanccdto Dukc of Marlborough refolved to pofTefs himfelf of Triers^ as a good
Winter Quarter, that brought him near the Confines of France ;
•from whence he might open the Campaign next Year, with great
Advantage: And he reckoned that the taking of Tr^a-^r^^ci, even
in that advanced Seafon, would be foon done : And then the Com-
munication with Holland^ by Water, was all clear : So that during
the Winter, every thing that was necelTary could be brought up thi-
ther from Holland fafe and cheap. This he executed with that Di-
ligence, that the French abandoned every Place as he advanced, with
fuch precipitation, that they had not time given them, to burn the
Tlaces they forfook, according to the barbarous Method, which they
liad long pradifed. The Duke got to Triers^ and that being a large
Place, he pofted a great Part of his Army in and about it, and \tk

a

of §^een Anne. 387

a fufficient Force with the Prince oi Heffe for the taking of Tr^^r- 1704.
back^ which held out fome Weeks, but capitulated at laft. Landau ^-^'— -^
was not taken before the middle of November.

Thus ended this glorious Campaign; in which England and. HoF-
land gained a very unufual Glory : for as they had never fcnt their
Armies fo far by Land, fo their triumphant Return helped not a
little to animate and unite their Counfels. Prince Eugene had a juft
Share, in the Honour of this great Expedition, which he had chieifly
promoted by his Counfels, and did fo nobly fupport by his Condu<St.
The Prince of Baden had no fhare in the publick Joy : His Condudt
was as bad as could be, and the Fret he was polTefTed with, upon
the Glory that the other Generals carried from him, threw him, as
was believed, into a Languifliing, of which he never quite recovered^
and of which he died two Years after.

At the Concluiion of the Canjpaign, the Duke of Marlborough
went to Berlin-, where he concerted the Meafures for the next Cam-
paign, and agreed with the King o^ Pruffia^ for 8000 of his Troops^
which were to be fent to Italy upon the Queen's Pay : He had fet-
tled Matters with the Emperor's Minifters, fo that they undertook to
fend Prince Eugene^ with an Army of 20000 Men^ who fhould
begin their March into Italy, as foon as it was po/Hble to pafs the
Mountains : Of thefe the Queen and the States were to pay 1 6000.
He returned, by the Court of Hanover, where he was treated with
all the Honour, that the Succefs of the Campaign well deferved :
He met with tlie fame Reception in Holland, and was as much confi-
dered and fubmitted to, as if he had been their Stadtholder: The
Credit he was in among them was very happy to them, and was
indeed neceffary at that time, for keeping down their Factions and
Animofities, which were rifing in every Province, and in moft of
their Towns. Only Afnjlerdafn^ as it was the moft fenlible of the com-
mon Danger, fo it was not only quiet within itfelf, but it contributed
not a little to keep all the reft {o, which was chiefly maintained
by the Duke of Marlborough^ prudent Management. England was
full of Joy, and Addrefies of Congratulation were fent up from
all Parts of the Nation ; but it was very vifible that, in many
Places, the Tories went into thefe very coldly, and perhaps that made
the vVhigs the more zealous and affedionate.

I now turn to the other Element, where our Affairs were car- Af&irsat
ried on more doubtfully. Rook failed into the Straits where he ^
reckoned he was ftrong enough for the Toulon Squadron, which was
then abroad in the Mediterranean. Soon after that, a ftrong Squa-
dron from Breji paffed by Lisbon into the Straits. Methuen, our
Ambaffador there, apprehending, that if thefe two Squadrons fhould
join to attack Rook, it would not be poflible for him to fight againft
fo great a Force, fent a Man-of*War, that Rook had left at Lisboiti
with fome particular Orders, which, made him very unwilling to

carry

388 The History of the Reign

: 704. carry the Meflage, but Methuen promifed to fave him harmlefs. He
upon that failed thro' the French Fleet, and brought this important
Advertifement to Rook ; who told him, that on this occafion he
would pafs by his not obferving his Orders, but that for the future,
he would find the fafeft Courfe was to obey Orders. Upon this,
Rook ftood out of the way of the French^ towards the Mouth of the
Straits^ and there he met Shovel^ with a Squadron of our beft
Ships ; fo being thus reinforced, he failed up the Straits, being now
in a Condition, if need were, to engage the French. He • came
before Barcelona, where the Prince o^ Hejfe Darmjiat affured him,
there was a ftrong Party ready to declare for King Charles, as it was
certain, that there was a great Difpofition in many to it. But Rook
would not ftay above three Days before it: So that the Motions
within the Town, and the Difcoveries that many made of their In-
clinations, had almoft proved fatal to them : He anfwered, when
preffed to ftay a few Days more, that his Orders were pofitive: He
muft make towards Nke\ which it was believed the French intended
to befiege.

But as he was failing that way, he had Advice, that the French
had made no Advances in that Defign : So he turned his Courle
Weftward, and came in fight of the French Fleet, failing from
Brejl to Toulon : The Advantage he had was fo vifible, that it was
expeded he would have made towards them ; he did it not : What
Orders he had was not known, for the Matter never came under
Examination : They got to Toulon, and he fteered another way.
The whole French Fleet was. then together in that Harbour, for
tho' the Toulon Squadron had been out before, it was then in Port.

A very happy Accident had preferved a rich Fleet of Merchant
Ships from Scaftderoon, under the Convoy of three or four Frigates,
from falling into their hands : The French Fleet lay in their way in
the Bay of Ttmis, and nothing could have faved them from being
taken, but that which happened in the critical Minute, in which
they needed it : A thick Fog covered them all the while, that they
were failing by that Bay, fo that they had no Apprehenfion of the
Danger they were in, till they had pafs'd it. I know it is not pof-
fible to determine, when fuch Accidents rife from a Chain of fecond
Caufes in the Courfe of Nature, and when they are direded' by a
ipecial Providence : But my Mind has always carried me fo flrongly
to acknowledge the latter, that I love to fet thefe Reflexions in the
way of others, that they may confider them with the fame ferious
Attention, that I feel in myfelf
cihrahar Rook, as he failed back, fell in upon Gibraltar ;, where he fpent
much Powder, bombarding it to very little purpofe, that he might
feem to attempt fomewhat ; though there was no reafon to hope
that he could fucceed : Some bold Men ventured to go a-fbore, in
a Place where it was not thought poffible to climb up the Rocks ;

yet

was taken.

of ^ecn An n e. 389

yet they fucceedcd in it: When they got up, they faw all tUe Wo- 1704.
men of the Town were come outj according to their Superrtition, '^*^v — '
to a Chapel there, to implore the Virgin's Protection ; they fcized
on them, and that contributed not a little to difpofc thole in the
Tcwn to furrender; they had leave to ftay or go as they pleafed j
and in cafe they ftaid, they were alTured of Protedion in their
Religion, and in every thing elfe ; for the Prince of Hejfc, who
was to be their Governour, was a Papift : But they all went away,
with the fmall Garrifon that had defended the Place. The Prince of
Heffe, with the Marines that were on board the Fleet, poflefTcd
himfelf of the Place, and they were furniilied out of the Stores, that
went with the Fleet, with every thing that was neceflary for their
Subliftence or Defence ; and a regular Method was laid down, of
fupplying them conftantly from Lisbon.

It has been muchqueftioned, by Men who underfland thefe Mat-"
ters well, whether our pofleffing ourfelves of Gibraltar^ and our
maintaining ourfelves in it fo long, was to our Advantage or not ;
it has certainly put us to a great Cnarge, and we have loft many
Men in it; but it feems xht Spaniards^ who fhould know the Im-
portance of the Place beft, think, it fo valuable, that they have been
at a much greater Charge, and have loft many more Men, while
they have endeavoured to recover it, than the taking or keeping it
has coft us : And it is certain that in War, whatfoever Lofs on one
fide occafions a greater Lofs of Men or of Treafure to the other, muft
be reckoned a Lofs only to the fide that fuffers moft.

Our Expedition in Portugal^ and our Armies there, which coft The AiTairs
us fo dear, and from which we expedled fo much, had not hitherto °^^'"^"'^''''
had any great EfFeds: The King of Por/^^^/exprefled the beft In-
tentions poflible ; but he was much governed by his Minifters, who
were all in the French Interc^fts ; they had a great Army, but they
had made no Preparations for taking the Field ; nor could they
bring their Troops together, for want of Provifions and Carriages ;
the Forms of their Government made y.hem very flow, and not ealily
accefiible : They were too proud to confefs that they wanted any
thing, when they had nothing ; and too lazy to beftir themfelves,
to execute what was in their power to do ; and the King's ill Health
furnifhed them with an Excufe, for every thing that was defec-
tive, and. out of order. The Priefts both in Spain and Portugal
were fo univerfally in the Fre7jch Intereft, that even the Houfe of
Aujiriay that had been formerly fo much in their favour, was now
in difgrace with them : Their Alliance with Ilereticks, and their
bringing over an Army of them, to maintain their Pretenfions, had
made all their former Services be forgotten : The governing
Body at Rome did certaiply engage all their Zealots every where
to fupport that Intereft, which is now fo fet on the Deftructicm of
Herciy. King Philip advanced towards the Frontiers of Portugal^

Vol. II. 5 G his

390 The History of the Reign

1704. his Army being commanded by the Duke o^ Berwick, who began
^-""v-— ' to fhine there, tho' he had pafs'd elfewhere for a Man of no ver-/
great Charader. They had feveral Advantages of the Portugm^e ;
fome of the Englijh and Dutch Battahons, wliich were fo pofted,
that they could not be reHeved, and in Places that were not tenable,
fell into the Enemies hands, and were made Prifoners of War. Some
of the General Officers, who came over, faid to me, that if the
Duke of Berwick had followed his Advantages, nothing could have
hindered his coming to Lisbon. The Duke of Schomberg was a better
Officer in the Field, than in the Cabinet ; he did not enough know
how to prepare for a Campaign ; he was both too unaftive and too
haughty ; fo it was thought neceffiary to fend another to command :
The Earl of Galway was judged the fitteft Perfon for that Service ;
he undertook it, more in fubmiffion to the Queen s Commands, than
out of any great Profped: or Hopes of Succefs ; things went on very
lieavily there ; the Difl:ra6lion that the taking Gibraltar put the Spa-
I niards in, as it occafioned a Diverlion of fome of the SpaniJJj Forces,
that lay on their Frontier, fo it furnilhed them with Advantages,
which they took no care to improve.
A Fight at Rook, after he had fupplied Gibraltar, failed again into the Me-
^^^- diterranean : And there he met the Count of Thouloufe, with the

whole French Fleet: They were fuperiour to the Englijh in number,
and had many Gallies with them, that were of great ufe. Rook called
a Council of War, in which it was refolved to engage them ; there
was not due Care taken, to furniffi all the Ships with a fufficient
quantity of Powder, for fome had wafted a great part of their Stock
of Ammunition before Gibraltar, yet they had generally Twenty-
five Rounds, and it had feldom happened, that fo much Powder was
fpent in an Adlion at Sea. On the i 2th of Atigujl, juft ten Days
after the Battle of Hockfted, the two Fleets engaged : Shovel ad-
vanced with his Squadron to a clofe Fight, for it was the Maxim of
our Seamen to fight as near as they could ; he had the Advantage,
and the Squadron before him gave way : Rook fought at a greater
diftance ; many Broad-fides pafled, and the Engagement continued
till Night parted them ; fome Ships, that had fpent all their Ammu-
nition, were forced on that accoimt to go out of the Line, and if the
French had come to a new Engagement next Day, it might have
been fatal, fince many of our Ships were without Pov^'der, whilft
others had enough and to fpare.

In this long and hot Action, there was no Ship of either fide, that
was either taken, funk or burnt ; we made a fhew, the next Day,
of preparing for a fecond Engagement ; but the Enemy bore off, to
the great Joy' of our Fleet ; the French fuffered much in this Ac-
tion ; land went into Toulon fo difabled, that they could not be put
in a condition to go to Sea again in many Months. They left the
Sea, as the Field of Battel, to us j fo the Honour of the A6lion re-
mained

of ^een Anne. 591

maincd with us ; tho' the Nation was not much Hfted up, with the 1 704^.
News of a drawn Battle at Sea with the French. . We were lon<y ' — *~^
witliout a certain Account of this A<5lion; but the Modcftv, in
whicji the King oi France wrote of it, to the Archbifliop of ParJs,
put us out of all fears ; for whereas their Stile was very boaftin^ of
their Succelles, in this it was only faid, that the Action was to his
Advantage ; from that cold Expre/Iion we concluded the Vidtory
was on our iide.

When the full Account was fcnt home from our Fleet, the Par-
tialities on both fides appeared very fignally ; the Tories magnified
this, as a great Victory, and in their AddrefTes of Congratulation to
the Queen, they joined this with that which the Duke of Marlborough
had gained at Hockfied. I undcrftand nothing of Sea-Matters ;
and therefore cannot make a Judgment in the Point : I have heard
Men, skilled in thofe Affairs, differ much in their Sentiments of
Roo/is Condudl in that Adlion; fome not only juftifying but extol-
ling it, as much as others condemn'd it. It was certainly ridiculous,
to fet forth the Glory of fo difputable an Engagement, in the fame
Words, with the Succeffes we had by Land : The Fleet foon after
failed home for Englancii Leak being left with a Squadron tit Lisbon.

The Spaniards drew all the Forces, they had in Andaloujia and TheSiegcof
Ejiremadura together, to retake Gibraltar ; that Army was command-
ed by the Duke of Villadarias; he had with him fome French Troops,
with fome Engineers of that Nation, who were chiefly relied on, and
were fent from Fra7ice to carry on the Siege. This gave fome Dif-
guft to the Spaniards^ who were fo foolifh in their Pride, that thd'
they could do nothing for themfelves, and indeed knew not how to
fet about it, yet could not bear to be taught by others, or to fee
themfelves out-done by them. The Siege was continued for above
four Months, during which time the Prince of Hejje had many oc-
cafions given him to diftinguifh himlelf very eminently, both as to
his Courage, Conduct, and indefatigable Application. Convoys
came frequently from Lisbon^ with Supplies of Men and Provifions ;
which the French were not able to hinder, or to intercept. Pointy
at lafl came, with a Squadron of twenty French Ships, and lay long
in the Bay, trying what could be done by Sea ; while the Place
was preffed by Land ; upon that, a much ftronger Squadron was
fent from Lisbon^ with a great Body of Men, and Stores of all forts,
to relieve the Place and toraife the Siege; and the Court of France,
not being latisfied with the Condudl of the Spa?>ip General, fent
Marefchal Teje to carry on the Siege with greater Expedition. The
Poi^tugueze all this while made no ufe of the Diverfion, given by
the Siege of Gibraltar; they made great Demands on us ; for Eng-
land was now confidered as a Source, that could never be exhaufted:
We granted all their Demands, and a Body of Horfe was fent to
them at a vaft Charge. The King was in a very ill State of Health,

occafioned

39^ The History of the Reign

1 704. occafioned by Diforders in his Youth; he had not been treated skil-
'-'-v— -J fully, fo he was often relapfing, and was not in a condition to ap-
ply himfelf much to Bufinefs: For fome time, our Queen Dowager
was fet at the Head of their Councils; her Adminiflration was much
commended, andfhe was vefy careful of t\\Q EngUJJj, and all their
Concerns.
AfFairs in In Italy the Duke of Savoy had a melancholy Campaign, loiing

'''^' Place after Place ; but he fupported his Ajffairs with great Condudl ;
and fhewed a Firmnefs in his Misfortunes, beyond what could have
been imagined : Vercdl and Tvrea gave the Duke of Vendome the
i trouble of a tedious Siege; they flood their ground as long as poffible;

the Duke of Savoy\ Army was not ftrong enough to raife thefe
Sieges, fo both Places fell in conclufion. The French had not
Troops both to carry on the War, and to Ipave Garrifons in thole
Places, fo they demoliHied the Fortifications ; after they had fuc-
ceeded fo far, they fat down before Verue^ in the end of OEiober.
The Duke of Savoy ported his Army at Crefcentino-, over againft
it, on the other fide of the Po; he had a Bridge of Communication;
he went often into the Place, during the Siege, to fee and animate his
Men, and to give all neceflary Orders ; the Sick and Wounded were
carried av/ay, and fre£h Men put in their ftead : T'his Siege
proved the moft famous of all, that had been during the late Wars;,
it lafled above five Months, the Garrifon being often changed, and
always well fupplied. The French Army fuffered much, by conti-
nuing the Siege all the Winter, and they were at a vaft Charge in
carrying it on ; the Bridge of Communication was, after many un-
fuccefsful Attempts, at laft cut off; and the Duke o^ Savoy being thus
feparated from the Place, retired to Chivaz, and left them to de-
fend themfelves, as long as they could, which they did beyond what
could in reafon have been expeded. The Duke of Savoy com-
plained much of the Emperor's failing to make good his Promifes ;
but in a Difcourfeupon thatSubjedl, with the Queen's Envoy, he faid,
tho' he was abandoned by his Allies, he would not abandon himfelf.
And in the The poor People in the Cevennes fuffered much this Summer: It
was not pofTible to come to them wit'. Supplies, till Matters fliould
go better in Piedj?io7it^ of which there was then no Profped: ; they
were advifed to preferve themfelves the befl they could : Marefchal
Villars was fent into the Country, to manage them with a gentler
hand; the fevere Methods, taken, by thofe formerly imployed, be-
ing nov/ difowned, he was ordered to treat with their Leaders, and
to offer them full Liberty, to fcrve God in their own way, without
Difturbance; they generally inclined to hearken to this : For they
had now kept themfelves in a Body, much longer than was thought
poffible, in their low and helplefs State ; fome of tliem capitulated,
and took Service in the French Army; but as foon as they came near
the Armies of the Allies, they defcrted, and went over to them, fo

that

Cevennes.

of ^een Anne- 393

that by all this Praftice, that Fire was rather covered up at pre- 1704*
fcnt, than quite extinguifhed. v— y--^

The Diforders in Hungary had a deeper Root, and a greater '^'^«'"of
Strength ; it was hoped, that the Ruin of the Elcdor o^ Bavaria """""^^
would have quite diflieartened them, and liave difpofed them
to accept of reafonable Terms ; if the Emperor could liave
been prevailed on to offer them frankly, and-immediately upon
their firft Confternation, after the Conqueft of Bavaria. There
were great Errors in the Government of that Kingdom j by a long
Courfe of OpprefHon and Injuftice, the Hungarians were grown
favage and intradable ; they faw they were both hated and de-
fpiled by the Germans ; the Court of Fienna feemed to confider
them, as fo many Enemies, who were to be depreflcd, in order
to their being extirpated ; upon any pretence of Plots, their Per-
fons were feized on, and their Eftates confifcated : The Jefuits
were believed to have a great fhare, in all thofe Contrivances and
Profecutions ; and it was faid, that they purchased the confiicated
Eftates upon very eafy Terms ; the Nobility of Hungajj feemed
irreconcileable to the Court of Vienna : On the other Jiand,
thofe of that Court, who had thefe Confifcations afUgned them,
and knew that the reftoring thefe would certainly be inflfted on
as a neceflary Article, in any Treaty that might follow, did all
they could to obftrud: fuch a Treaty. It was vifible that Ragotskiy
who was at their head, aimed at the Principality o^TranJyhania :
And it was natural for the Hungarians to look on his arriving at
that Dignity, by which he could protect and afUft them, as the
beft Security they could have. On the other hand, the Court of
Vienna-) being pollefled of that Principality, would not eafily
part with it. In the midft of all this FermentatioL, a Revolu-
tion happened in the TurkiJJj Empire : A new Sultan was fet up.
So all things were at a ftand, till it might be known, what was
to be expe61:ed from him. They were foon delivered from this
Anxiety ; for he fent a Chiaus to the Court of Vie?tna^ to aflure
them, that he was refolved to maintain the Peace in all points;
and that he would give no Affiftance to the Malecontents. The
Court oi Vienna being freed from thofe Apprehenlions, refolved
to carry on the War in Hungary, as vigoroufly as they could :
This was imputed to a fecret Pradice from Fra7jce, on fome of
that Court, and there were k> many there, concerned in the Con-
fifcations, that every Propoiition that way was powerfully fupported:
thus Italy was negleded, and the Siege of Landau was ill fup-
ported ; their chief Strength being imployed in Hungary. Yet
when the Minifters of the Allies preffed the Opening a Treaty with
the Malecontents, the Emperor feemed willing to refer the Arbi-
tration of that K^tter to his Allips : But tho' it was fit to fpeak in
^OL. II. 5 H that

394 ^^ History of the Reign

1 704. that Stile, yet no fuch thing was defigned. A Treaty was opened,
^^"^^ — ^ but when it was known that Zeiher had the chief Management '
of it, there was no reafon to exped: any good effed; of it : He was
born a Proteftant, a Subjedl of the Palatinate^ and was oft em-
ployed by the Elector Charles Lewis^ to negotiate Af&irs at the
Cf^xito^ Vienna; he, feeing a Profpeft of rifing in that Court,
changed his ReHgion, and became a Creature of the Jefuits ; and
adhered fteadily to all their Interefts. He managed that fecret
Practice with the French in the Treaty of Ryfwick^ by which the
Protcftants of the Palatinate fuffered fo confiderable a Prejudice.
The Treaty in Hungary ftuck at the Preliminaries ; for indeed nei-
ther Ude was then inclined to treat ; the Malecontents were
fupported from France ; they were routed in feveral Engage-
ments, but thefe were not fo confiderable as the Court of Vienna
gave out, in their publick News ; the Malecontents fuffered much
in them, but came foon together again, and they fubfifted fo well,
what by the Mines, of which they had polTefTed themfelves, what
by the Incurlions they made, and the Contributions they raifed
from the Emperor's Subjeds, that unlefs the War were carried on
more vigoroufly, or a Peace were offered more fincerely, that
Kingdom was long like to be a Scene of Blood and Rapine.
The Affairs So was its neighbouring Kingdom oi Poland: It was hoped, that
of 2ii an . ^^ Talk of a new Eledtion was only a loud Threatning, to force
-a Peace the fooner ; but it proved otherwife : A Diet was brought
together of thofe, who were irreconcileable to King Augujlm, and
after many Delays, Stanijlaus^ one of the Palatines'^ was chofen
and proclaimed their King ; and he was prefently owned by the
King of Sweden. The Cardinal feemed at iirft unwilling to agree
to this, but he fuffered himfelf to be forced to it ; this was be-
lieved to be only an Artifice of his, to excufe himfelf to the Court
of France^ whofe Penfioner he was,, and to whom he had en-
gaged to carry the Eleftion for the Prince of Gonti. The War
went on this Year, with various Succefs on both fides; King Au~
gujlus made a quick March to Warfaw, where he furprized fome
o{ StaniJIaus's Fartj, he himfelf efcaping narrowly; but the King
of Sweden followed fo clofe, that not being able to fight him, he
was forced to retreat into Saxony, where he continued for fome
Months : There he ruined his own Dominions, by the great Pre-
parations he made, to return with a mighty Force ; the Delay of
that made many forfakc his Party ; for it was given out, that he
would return no more, and that he was weary of the War, and
he had good reafon fo to be. Poland, in the mean while,
was in a moft miferable Condition ; the King of Sweden fub-
fifted his Army in it, and his Temper grew daily more fierce
and Gothick ; he was refolved to make no Peace, till Augujius

was

of Slue en Anne^ 395

was driven out: in die mean while, his own Country fuf- 1704.
fered much ; Livonia was deftroyed by the Mufcovites ; they ^- — ^"^
had taken Narva^ and made fome progreffes into Sweden. The
Pope efpoufed the Interefts of King Augujlus ; for to fupport a
new Convert of fuch Importance, was thought a Point worthy the
Zeal of that See ; fo he cited the Cardinal to appear at Rome^ and
to give an Account of the fhare he had in all that War.

The Pope was now wholly in the French Intereft, and main- xhePo -
tained the Charadler, they pretend to, of a common Father, with whoiivimhe
fo much Partiality, that the Emperor himfelf, how tame and Jrcft.
fubmiflive foever to all the Impoiitions of that See, yet could not
bear it: But made loud Complaints of it. The Pope had threatned,
that he would thunder out Excommunications againft all thofe
Troops, that fliould continue in his Dominions: the Emperor
was fo implicit in his Faith, and fo ready in his Obedience, that
he ordered his Troops to retire out of the Ecclefiaftical State j
but all the EfFedl that this had, was to leave tliat State entirely id
the hands of the French^ againft whom the Pope did not think fit
to fulminate; yet the Pope ftill pretended that he would maintain '
a Neutrality, and both the Venetians and the Great Duke adhered
to him in that Refolution, and continued neutral during the War.

Having now given a View of the State of Affairs abroad ; I The Affairs
return back to prolecute the Relation of thofe at home, and be- °^^"''"'^-
gin with Scotland. A Seflion of Parliament was held there this
Summer : The Duke of ^^eensbury\ Management of the Plot
was fo liable to Exception, that it was not thought fit to imploy
him, and it feems he had likewife brought himfelf under the
Qiieen's Difpleafure ; for it was propofed by fome of his Friends
in the Houfe of Lords, to defire the Queen to communicate to
them a Letter, which he had wrote to her of fuch a Date : This
looked like an Examination of the Queen herfelf, to whom it
ought to have been left, to fend what Letters fhe thought fit tb
the Houfe, and they ought not to call for any one in particular.
The Matter of that Letter made him liable to a very fevere Ccn-
fure in Scotland'. For in plain Words he charged the Majority of
the Parliament, as determined in their Proceedings, by an In-
fluence from St.Gennains : This expoled him in Scotland X.o t\\6
Fury of a Parliament ; for how true foever this might be, by the
Laws of that Kingdom, fuch a Reprefentation of a Parliament to
the Queen, efpecially in Matters which could not be proved, wa^
Leafing-mahingt and was capital.

The chief Defign of the Court in this Seflion, was to get the
Succeflion of the Crown to be declared, and a Supply to be
given for the Army, which was run into a great Arrear. In the
Debates of the former Seflion, thofe who oppofed every things

nior€i

39^ ^^ History of the Reign

1704. more particularly the declaring the SuccefTion, had infifted
chiefly on Motions to bring their own Confl:itution to fuch a Set-
tlement, that they might fuffer no Prejudice, by their King's
living in England, Mr. yohnjloun was now taken in by the Mi-
nifters into a new Management : It was propofed by him, in
concert with the Marquifs of T-weedale, and fome others in Scot-
land^ that the Queen Ihould empower her Commiflioner to con-
fent to a Revival of the whole Settlement, made by King Charles
the Firft, in the Year 1641. •

By that, the King named a Privy Council and his Minifters
of State in Parliament, who had a power to accept of, or to ex-
cept to the Nomination, without being bound to give the Rcafon
for excepting to it: In the Intervals of Parliament, the King was
to give all Imployments, with the Confent of the Privy Council:
This was the main Point of that Settlement, which was looked
on by the wifeft Men of that time, as a full Security to all their
Laws and Liberties : It did indeed divert the Crown of a great
part of the Prerogative ; and it brought the Parliament into
fome Equality with the Crown.

The Queen, upon the Reprelentation made to her by her
Miniflers, ojfTered this as a Limitation on the Succeffor, in cafe
they would fettle the Succeflion, as England had done; and for
doing this, the Marquifs ofTweedale was named her CommiiHo-
ner. The Queen did alfo lignify her Pleafure very pofitively
to all who were imployed by her, that fhe expected they fhould
concur in fettling the Succeflion, as they defired the Continuance
of her Favour. Both the Duke of Marlborottgh and the Lord
Godolphin exprefled themfelves very fully and pofitively to the
lame purpofe ; yet it was dextroufly furmized, and induf^
trioufly fet about by the yacobitesy and too eafily believed by
jealous and cautious People, that the Court was not fincere in
this Matter; and that at beftthey were indifferent as to the Suc-
cefs. Some went further, and faid, that thofe who were in
a particular Confidence at Court, did fecretly oppofe it, and en-
tred into a Management on defign to obftrudt it : I could never
fee any good ground for this Suggeftion ; yet there was Matter
enough for Jealoufy to work on, and this was carefully improved
by the yacobites^ in order to defeat the Defign. Mr. yohn-
Jloun was made Lord Regifter, and was fent down to promote
the Defign ; the yacobites were put in hopes, in cafe of a
Rupture, to have a confiderable Force fent to fupport them
from Dunkirk.

A SefHon of Parliament being opened, and the Speeches made,
and the Queen's Letter read, all which tended to the fettling
the Succeflion, that was the firft Debate : A great Party was now

wrought

of ^ecn Anne. t^ 397

wrouglit on, wlien they underftood the Security, that v?as to \yt 1704..
offered to tliem : For the uifcft Patriots in that Kingdom had ai- '— ^^> — ^
ways magnified that O^nftitution, as the beft contrived Scheme
that could be deiued : So they went in with greut Zeal, to the
accepting of it. But thofe who, in the former ocffion, had re-
jcded ail the Motions of treating with England with fome Scorn,
and had made this their conftant 'I opick, that they muft in the
lirfl: jf^ace fecure their own Conftitution at home, and then they
might trufl the reft to Time, and to fuch Accidents, as Time
might bring forth ; now when they faw that every thing, that
could be defired, was ofered with relation to their own Govern-
ment ; they (being refolved to oppofe any Declaration of the Suc-
ceffion, what Terms foever might be granted to obtain it) turned
the Argument wholly another way; to fhew the neceflity of
a previous Treaty with Englaiid. They were upon that told, that
the Queen was ready to grant them every thing, that was reaibn-
able, with relation to their own Conftitution, yet without the
Concurrence of the Parliament oi England, fhe could grant no-
thing, in which England was concerned ; for they were for de-
manding a fhare of the Plantation-Trade, and that their Ships
might be comprehended within die Ad: of Navigation.

After a long Debate, the main Qucftion was put, whether Debars
they fliould then enter upon the Confidcration of the Limitations Succdiioa.
of the Government, in order to the fixing the Succeflion of the
Crown, or if that ftiould be poftponcd till they had obtained fuch
a Security, by a Treaty with England, as they fliould judge ne-
ceflary. It was carried by a Majority of forty, to begin with a
Treaty with England : Of thefe, about thirty were in immediate
Dependence on the Court, and were determined according to the
DireAions given them- So, notwithftanding a long and idle
Speech of the Earl of Cromarty\, which was printed, running in-
to a Diftindion among Divines, between the Revealed and Secret
Will of God, ftiewing, tliat no fuch Diftindion could be applied
to the Queen ; She had but one Will, and that was Revealed ;
yet it was ftill fufpected, that at leaft her Minifters had a Sc*cret
Will in the Cafe. They went no further in this Vote for a Treaty The fettling
with England; for they could not agree among themfelves, who^^jP;||"^
iliould be the Commiilioners, and thofe who oppofed the de- Sciioa.
daring the SucceiHon, were concerned for no more, when tiiat
Queftioii was once fet aftde : So it was poftponed, as st Matter
about which they took no further care.

They offered to the Court fix Months Cejfc, for the Pay ofAMonjy-
the Army ; but they tacked to this a great part of a Bill which y "Xi'^*
pafHd the former Seilion of Parliament, but was refufed by the '

Vol. II. 5 1 Throne:

398 The History of the Reign

I'^OA. Throne : By that it was provided, that if the Queen fhould die
without Ifl'ue, a Parliament /hould prefently meet, and they were
to declare the SucceiTor to the Crown, who ihould not be the
fluiie Perfon, that was pofTefled of the Ciown o{ Engla7tdi unlefs
before that time there fhould be a Settlement made in Parliament,
of the Rights and Liberties of the Nation, independent on EnglijJ)
Councils. By another Claufe in the Ad:, it was made lawful to
arm the Subjeds, and to train them and put them, in a Pofcure of
Defence. This was chiefly prefTed, in behalf of the beft-affeded
in the Kingdom, who were not armed ; for the Highlanders,
who were the worfl-affeded, were well armed ; fo to ballance
,that, it was moved, that Leave fhould be given to arm the reft.
All was carried with great Heat and much Vehemence ; for a
national Humour, of being independent on England^ ferment-
ed fo ftrongly, among all forts of People without doors, that
thofe, who went not into every hot Motion, that was made,
were looked on as the Betrayers of their Country: And they were
fo expofed to a popular Fury, that fome of thofe, who ftudied to
flop this Tide, were thought to be in danger of their Lives. The
Presbyterians were fo over-awed with this, that tho' they wifhed
well to the fettling the SucceiTion, they durft not openly declare
it. The Dukes of Ha7nilto?i and Athol led all thofe violent Mo-
tions, and the whole Nation was ftrangely inflamed.

The Minifters were put to a great difficulty with the Supply-
Bill, and the Tack that was joined to it: If it was denied, the
Army could be no longer kept up : They had run (o far in Ar-
rear, that confldering the Poverty of the Country, that could not
be carried on much longer. Some fuggefted, that it fhould be pro-
pofed to the Englijh Miniftry, to advance the Subflftence Money,
till better Meafures could be taken ; but none of the Scotch Mini-
ftry would confent to that. An Army is reckoned to belong to
thofe who pay it : So an Army paid from Engla?idy would be
called an Englip Army : Nor was it pofllble to manage fuch a
thing fecretly. It was well known, that there was no Money in
the Scotch Treafury to pay them, ■ fo if Money were once brought
into the Treafury, how fecretly foever, all Men muft conclude,
that it came from England : And Men's Minds were then fo full
of the Conceit of Independency, that if a Sufpicion aroie of any
fuch Pradice, probably it would have occafloned Tumults: Even
the Army was fo kindled with this, that it was believed, that
neither Oflicers nor Soldiers would have taken their Pay, if they
had believed it came from England. It came then to this, that
either the Army muft be disbanded, or the Bill muft pafs : It is
true, the Army was a very fmali one, not above 3000; but it

wai

of ^een Anne. 399

was fo ordered, that it was double or treble ofHcer'd ; fo that it 1704.
could have been eafily encreafed to a much greater number, if' — v— -^
there had been occafion for it. The Officers had fcrved long, and
were Men of a good Charadcr: So, fmce they were alarmed with
an Invafion, which both fides looked for, and the Intelligence,
which the Court had from France, alTured them it was intended ;
they thought the Inconveniences aridng from the Tack might be
remedied afterwards : but the breaking of the Army was fuch a
pernicious thing, and might end fo fatally, that it was not to be
ventured on. Therefore by common confcnt, a Letter was wrote
to the Queen, which was figned by all the Minifters there, inThcMini-
which they laid the whole Matter before her, every thing was Jvife rhe
ftated and ballanced : All concluded in an humble Advice to Si.T''*
pafs the Bill. This was very heavy on the Lord Godolphin, on
whofe Advice the Queen chiefly relied : He faw the ill Confc-
quences of breaking the Army, and laying that Kingdom open
to an Invafion, would fall on him, if he fhould, in contradidlion
tx) the Advice given by the Miniftry of Scotland^ have advifed
the Queen to rejed: the Bill. This was under Confultation in the
end of yuly, when our Matters abroad were yet in a great Un-
certainty; for tho' the Victory at Schellemberg was a good ftep,
yet the great Decifion was not then come : So he thought, con-
fidering the State of Affairs, and the Accidents that might hap-
pen, that it was the fafeft thing for the Qiieen to comply with
the Advices of thofe, to whom fhe trufled the Affairs of that
Kingdom.

, The Queen fent Orders to pafs the Bill: It pafs'd on thcitwaspafi'd.
6th of Ai{gujl, after the great Battle was over, but feveral Days
before the News of it came to us. When the Adl pafled. Copies
of it were fent to England ; where it was foon printed, by thofe
who v/ere uneafy at the Lord Godolphins holding the White
Staff, and refolved to make ufe of this againft him ; for the
whole Blame ofpaffingit was caft on him. It was not pofli-
ble to prove, that he had advifed the Queen to it: So fome took it
by another Handle, and refolved to urge it againft him, that he
Iiad not perfuaded the Queen to rejed: it : Tho' that feemed a
great Stretch, for he being a Stranger to that Kingdom, it might
have been liable to more objedion, if hr had prefuraed to advife
the Queen, to refufe a Bill, pafs'd in the Parhament of Scotland^
which all the Miniftry there advifed her to pafs.

Severe Cenfures paffed on this. It was faid, that the two King- Cenfures
doms were now divided by Law, and that the Scotch v^^ere putting p^»'<iuF<«
themfelves in a Pofture to defend it ; and all faw by whofe Ad- '
vices this was done : One thing, that contributed to keep up an

ill

400 Tl:)e History of the Reign

1704.. ill humour in the Parliament o{ Scotland^ was morejuftly im-
puted to him : The Queen had promifed to fend down to them
all the Examinations relating to the Plot : If thefehad been fent
down, probably in the firft Heat the Matter might have been
carried far againfl: the Duke of ^^eensbury. But he, who ftaid
all the while at L,ondo7i-, got it to be reprefented to the Queen,
that the fending down thefe Examinations, with the Perfons con-
cerned in them, would run the Seffion into fo much Heat, and
into fuch a Length, that it would divert them quite from conli-
dering the Succeflion, and it might produce a tragical Scene.
Upon thefe Suggeftions, the Qiieen altered her Refolutionof fend-
ing them down ; tho' repeated Applications were made to her,
both by the Parliament and by her Minifters, to have them fent ;
yet no Anfwer was made to thefe, nor was fo much as anExcufe
made, for not fending them. The Duke of ^^eensbury having
gained this Point, got all his Friends to join with the Party that
oppofed the new Miniftry : This both defeated all their Projects,
and foftened the Spirits of thofe, who were fo fet againfl: him,
that in their firft Fury no flop could have been put to their Pro-
ceedings : But now, the Party that had defigned to ruin him, was
fo much wrought on, by the AfHftance that his Friends gave
them in this Seffion, that they refolved to preferve him.

This was the State of that Nation, which was aggravated very
odioufly all England ov^w It was confidently, tho', as was af-
terwards known, very falfely reported, that great Quantities of
Arms were brought over, and difperled thro' tiie whole King-
dom: and it being well known how poor the Nation was at
that time, it was faid, that thofe Arms were paid for by other
hands, in imitation of what it was believed Cardinal Richelieu
did, in the Year 1638. Another thing was given out very ma-
licioufly, by the Lord Treafurer's Enemies, that he had given
DireAions under-hand, to hinder the declaring the Succeffion,
and that the Secret of this was trufted to Joh?iJ}on^ who they
faid talked openly one way, and adled fecretly another ; tho' 1
could never fee a colour of Truth in thofe Reports. Great ufe
was to be made of the Affairs of Scotland ; l^ecaufe there was no
ground of Complaint of any thing in the Adminiftration at home:
All the Duke of Af<«r/^oroZifg-^'s Enemies faw his chief Strength
lay in the Credit that the Lord Godolphin was in at home, while
he was fo fuccefsful abroad : So it being impoffible to attack him,
- in fuch a Courfe of Glory, they laid their Aims againfl the Lord
Treafurer. The Tories refolved to attack him, aiidthat difpofed
the Whigs to preferve him ; and this was fo managed by them,
that it gave a great Turn to all our Councils at home.

Ja

\-. ^-•

cf Qneen Anne. 40 i

In the beginning o^ November, the Seflloii of Parliament was 1704.
opened: it might well be expedlcd, that after fuch a fummcr, ^"^^JiQ^f
the Addrefl'cs of both Houfcs would run in a very high ftrain : Pariiamcnr
the Houfc of Commons in their Addrcfs put the fuccefles by Sea'" ^^'^
find Land on a level, and magnified both in the fame expreflions:
But the Houfe of Lords in their Addrefs took no notice of Rook
nor of the Sea. The Lower Houfe of Convocation were refolved
to follow the example of the Houle of Commons, and would
have the Sea and Land both mentioned in the fame terms; but
the BifLops would not vary from the pattern fet them by the
Houfe of Lords; fo no Addrefs was made by the Convocation.
The Commons agreed to every thing that the Court propofed, for
fupporting the War another year; this was carried through with
great difpatch and unanimity : So that the main bufinefs of the
Seilion was foon over; all the Money- Bills were prepared and car-
ried on in the regular method, without any obftrudlion: Thofe
who intended to embroil matters, faw it was not advifable to aft
above board, but to proceed more covertly.

The Adl againfl Occafional Conformity was again brought in, 1705.
but moderated in feveral Claufes: For thofe who prell it, were .^::j^^'^^
now refolved to bring the terms as low as was pofUble, in order <ionai ijiu
once to carry a Bill upon that head. The Oppofition in the br*(^t in;
Houfe of Commons made to it, was become fo confiderable (for a"'i^^«-

... vour d to be

the dengn was now more clearly difcerned) that it was carried in tack'd to a|
that Houfe only by a majority of fifty. When the Bill was to be °°°^"
committed, it was moved, that it fhould be committed to the fame
Committee, which was preparing the Bill for the Land-Tax : The
defign of this was, that the one fhould be tack'd to the other,
and then the Lords would have been put upon a great difficulty.
If they fhould untack the Bill, and feparate one from the other;
then the Houfe of Commons would have infifted on a. maxim,
that was now fettled among them, as a fundamental "principle
never to be departed from, that the Lords cannot alter a Money-
Bill, but muft either pafs it or rejecfl it, as it is fent to them: On
the other hand, the Lords could not agree to any fuch Tack, with-
out departing from that folemn Refolution, which was in their
Books, figned by mofl of them, never to admit of a Tack to
a Money-Bill: If they yielded now, they taught the Houfe of
Commons the way to impofe any thing on them at their pleafure.

The party in the Houfe of Commons put their whole flrength
to the carrying this point : They went further in their defiga't "
That which was truly aimed at, by thofe in the Secret, was to
break the War, and to force a Peace : They knew a Bill with this

Vol. IL 5 K Tack

y

.no'^

The History of the Reign

Tack could not pafs in the Hpufe of Peers: Some Lords of their
party told myfelt that they would never pafs the Bill with this
Tack, fo by this means Money would be flopped : This would
put all matters in great confufion both at home and abroad ;
and difpofe our Allies, as delpairing of any help from us, to ac-
cept of fuch terms as France would offer them : So here was an
artful dengn formed to break, at leaft to fhake, the whole Al-
liance. The Court was very apprehenfive of this, and the Lord
Godolphin oppofed it with much zeal : The Party difowned the
delign for fome time, 'till they had brought up their whole
ftrength, and thought they were fure of a Majority.

The Debate held long: Thofe who oppofed it faid, this now
aimed at was a change of the whole Conftitution ; and was in
effedl turning it into a Commonwealth: for it imported the de-.
nying, not only to the Lords, but to the Crown, the free ufe of
their Negative in the Legiflature; if this was once fettled, then
as often as the publick occalions made a Money-Bill neceflary,
every thing that the Majority in their Houfe had a mind to, would
be tacked to it. It is true fome Tacks had been made to Money-
Bills in King Charles^ time; but even thele had ftill fome relation
to the Money that was given: But here a Bill, whofe operation
was only for one year, and which determined as foon as. the four
fhillings in the pound was paid, was to have a perpetual Law
tacked to it, that muft continue ftill in force, after the greateft
*' part of the Ad: was expired and dead : To all this, in anfwer,

fome precedents were oppofed, and the neceflity of the Bill for
the prefervation of the Church was urged, which they faw was not
like to pafs, unlels lent to the Lords fo accompanied ; which Ibmc
thought was very wittily prefled, by calling it a portion annexed
to the Church, as in a Marriage; and they faid they did not doubt
but thofe of the Court would beftir themfelves to get it pafs'd,
when it was accompanied with two Millions as its Price.
The Tack Upon the Divifion 134 were for the Tack, and 250 were
wtf rcjc c . ^gj^-j^^ -J.. gQ ^j^^j. (Jef^gj^ ^jjs loft by thofe, who had built all

their hopes upon it, and were now highly offended with fome of
their own party, who had by their oppolition wrought themfelves
into good places, and forfook that Intereft, to which they owed
their advancement: Thefe, to redeem themfelves with their old
friends, feemed ftill zealous for the Bill, which after went on coldly
and flowly in the Houfe of Commons, for they loft all hopes of
carrying it in theLg[^u_fe,.of_I^9r^ n^^-.th^^jthe Mine they had
laid was fprung. . • >-...•

Debates While this was going on in the Houfc of Commons, the De-

SS!"° hate about X^i^s. Scotch Ad was taken up with great h^patin th^r'.

' ^f Qj^^^n Ann£ \'' 403

Iloufc of Lords: The ill efFedis that were like to follow upon 1705.
it were opened, in very tragical ftrains: It was after much de-
claiming moved, that the Lords might pafs fome Votes upon it.
The Tories who prcifcd this, intended to add a fevcre Vote againft
all thoic who had advifed it; and it was vifible at whom this
was aimed. The Whigs diverted this : They fiid the putting a
Vote againft an A<SV pafled in Scotland-, looked like the claiming
fome Superiority over them, which fecmed very improper at that
time, fince that Kingdom was pofiefled with a National jealoufy
on this head; that would be much encreafed by fuch/a Proceeding,:
More moderate methods were therefore propofed and agreed to,
in order to the making up of a breach in this Ifland, with which
they feemed to be then threatned. So an Adt was brought in,
impowering the Qiieen to name Commiflioners to treat of a full
Union of both Kingdoms, as foon as the Parliament of Scotland
fhould pafs an Aft to the lame purpofe : but if no fuch Union
fhould be agreed on, or if the fame Succeffion to the Crown,
with that of Engla?idf fhould not be enaded by a day prclixedi
then it was enafted that after that day no Scotchmayt^ that was
ijot Refident in Riigland oi Ireland-, or employed in the Queen's
fervice by fea or land, fhould be efteem'd a natural-born Subjed:
q{ England: They added to this, a Prohibition of the Importation
^f Scotch Cattle, and the Manufadure of Scotland: All this fell;
vfi the Houfe of Commons, when fent down to them, becaufe of
the Money-Penalties, which \yere put in the feveral Claufes of
the Bill. The Commons were refolved to adhere to a notion, that
had now taken fuch root among them, that it could not be fhaken,
that the Lords could not put any fuch Claufe in a Bill begun with
them: This was wholly new; penalties upon tranfgreffions could
not be conftrued to be a giving of -money : The Lords were clearly
in pofTeflion of proceeding thus; fo that the calling it in queftion
was an attempt on the fhare which the Lords had in the Legif-^i
lature: The Commons let this Bill lie on the table, and began a
new one to the fame purpofe; it pafTed: And the following Chrijlm
mas was the day prefixed for the Scotch to enad: the SuccefHon,
or on failure thereof, then this Adt was to have its eifed:. A great
coldnefs appeared in many of the Commons, who ufed to be
hot on lefs important occafions: they feemed not to defire that
the Scotch fhould fettle the SuccefTion: And it was vifible, thab,
fome of them hoped, that the Lords would have ufed their Bill,
as they had ufed that fent down by the Lords: Many of them
were lefs concerned in the fate of the Bill, becawfc it diverted the
cenfure, which they had intended to fix on the Lord-Xreafurer*'^
Th£.LDi;ds.were ia.ware.of: this, and pafs'd the Bill. : -. m.-^ ic
^•jvyht Thofe

of the Ad
miralty

404 The History of the Reign

j_Q-^ Thofe who wifh'd well to the Union, were afraid that the
Prohibition, and the declaring the Scots Aliens after the day pre-
fixed, would be looked on as threatnings: And they faw caufc
to apprehend, that ill-temper'd men in that kingdom, would ufc
this as a handle to divert that Nation, which was already much
Toured, from hearkning to any motion, that might tend to pro-
mote the Union, or the declaring the Succeflion : It was given
out by thefe, that this was an indignity done their Kingdom,
and that they ought not fo much as to treat with a Nation, that
thrcatned them in fuch a manner. The Marquefs of Tiieedak
excufed himfelf from ferving longer; fo the Duke of Argyle^
whofe father was lately dead, was named to be lent down Com-
miilioner to hold a Parliament in Scotland : He was then very
young, and was very brave.
Complaints This beino: difpatched eafier than was expedled, the Parliament
went on to other bulinels; Complamts ot an lil management
both at the board of the Prince's Council, and at fea rofe very
high : This Houfe of Commons,- during the whole continuance
of the Parliament, never appointed a Committee to look into
thofe matters, which had been formerly a main part of their care:
They faw things were ill condudled, but the chief managers of
fea-affairs were men of their party, and that atoned for all faults,
and made them unwilhng to find them out, or to cenfure them:
The truth was, the Prince was prevailed on to continue ftill in
the Admiralty, by thofe who fheltered themfelvcs under his name:
tho' this brought a great Load on the Government. The Lords
went on as they had done the former Sefiion, examining into
all complaints: They named two Committees, the one to ex-
amine the books of the Admiralty, the other to confider the pro-
ceedings at fea: No progrefs wqs made in the firft of thefe; for
tho' there was a great deal fuggefted in private, yet fince this
feemed to be complaining of the Prince, none would appear
diredlly againft him: But the other afforded matter enough, both
for enquiry and cenfure; The mofl: important, and that which
had the worft confequences was, that tho' there were 22 fhips
appointed for cruifing, yet they had followed that lervice fo re-
mifsly, and the orders lent them were fo languid, and fo little
urgent, that three diligent cruifing Ships could have performed
all the fervices done by that numerous fleet: This was made out
in a fcheme, in which all the days of their being out at fea were
reckoned up, which did not exceed what three Cruifers might
have performed. • It did not appear, whether this was only the
effed of floth or ignorance, or if there lay any defigned treachery
at bottom : It feemed very plain, that there was treachery fome-
— -- * where,

of Queen Anne. " 40 jr

where, at leafl among the Under-Officers: For a French Privateer 1705.
being taken, they found among his Papers Inftrudions fcnt him *-— v— '
by his Owners, in which he was direded to He in fome ftations,
and to avoid others : and it happened that this agreed fo exadly
with the orders lent from the Admiralty, that it feemed that could
not be by chance, but that the directions were fent, upon fight
of the orders. The Queen began this winter to come to the
Houle of Lords upon great occafions to hear their debates, which
as it was of good ule for her better Information, fb it was very
ferviceable in bringing the Houfe into better order. The firft
time She came, was when the Debate was taken up concerning
the Scotch Adl: She knew the Lord-Treafurer was aimed at by
it, and fhe diverted the ftorm by her endeavours, as well as (he
reftrained it by her prelence.

She came likewife thither to hear the debates upon the Bill The Biii
againft Occafional Conformity, which was lent up by the Com- ^r,onai
mons; if it had not been for the Queen's being prefent, there gjj'/^j^jjjj
would have been no long debate on that head, for it was fcarce rejcacd by
pofTible to fay much, that had not been formerly faid ; but to ' ''
give the Queen full information, fince it was fuppofed, that fhe
had heard that matter only on one fide, it was refolved to open
the whole matter in her hearing: The topicks mofl: infifted on
were, the quiet that we enjoyed by the Toleration, on which
head the feverities of former Reigns were laid open, both in their
injuftice, cruelty, and their being managed only to advance Po-
pery, and other bad defigns: The peaceable behaviour of the
Dillenters, and the zeal they exprefled for the Queen, and her
Government, was alfo copioufly let forth; while others Ihewed a
malignity to it. That which was chiefly urged was, that every
new Law made in the matter, altered the ftate of things, from
what it was, when the Ad: for Toleration firft palled ; this gave
the Dillenters an alarm, they might from thence juftly conclude,
that one ftep would* be made after another, 'till the whole Effed:
of that Ad fhould be overturned. It did not appear from jthe
behaviour of any among them, that they were not contented with
the Toleration they enjoyed, or that they were carrying on de-
ligns againft the Church: In that cafe it might be reafonable td
look for a further fecurity, but nothing tending that way, was
fo much as pretended: All went on jealoufies and fears, the com^-
mon topicks of Sedition. On the other hand, to fupport theBilb
all ftories were brought up to Ihew, how reftlefs and unlqiiiet
that fort of men had been in former times. When it camiei to
the queftion, whether the Bill fhould be read a fecond time .ot

not, it went for the negative by a majority of 20 Lords. ■ .

.^-.VpL. IL 5 L Another

4o5 The History of the Reign

1705. ■ Another debate, that brought the Queen to the Houfe, was
'---V—-' concerning JVatfon^ late Lord Bifliop of St, Davids: His bufinefs
/o»/prac-' had been kept long on foot in the Courts below, by all the me-
"'^'^" thods of delay that Lawyers could invent: After five years plead-
ing the concluding judgment was given in the Exchequer, that
he had no right to the Temporalities of that Biflioprick: And
that being affirmed in the Exchequer-Chamber, it was now by
a Writ of Error, brought before the Lords, in the laft Refort: But
as the Houfe feemed now to be fet, he had no mind to let it go
to a final decifion : So he delayed the afligning the Errors <:>{ the
judgment, 'till the days were lapfed, in which, according to a
ftanding order. Errors ought to be afiigned, upon a Writ
of Error: in default of which, the Record was to be fent
back. He fuffered the time to lapfe, tho' particular notice
' was ordered to be given him, on the laft day, in which, ac-

cording to the ftanding order, he might have afligned his Er-
rors: And the Houfe fate that day fome hours on purpofe
waiting for it. Some weeks after that, when the Seffion was fb
near an end, that he thought his Caufe could not be heard during
the Seflion, and fo muft in courfe have been put off to another
Seffion; he petitioned for leave to affign his Errors: This was one
of the moft folemn orders, that related to the judicature of the
Lords, and had been the moft conftantly ftood to: It was not
therefore thought reafonable to break through it, in favour of fo
bad a man, of whom they were all affiamed, if parties could have
any fhame: He had affeded, in every ftep he had made, to feek
out all poffible delays, for keeping the See ftill void, which by
reafon of a bad Biffiop and a long Vacancy, was fallen into great
diforder: Yet after all this, he had ftill by law the benefit of a
Writ of Error, which he might bring in any fubfequent Seffion of
Parliament.
Some pro- Upon this the Qiieen refolved to fill that See : And ffie pro-
motions in nioted to it, the celebrated Dr. BulL who had writ the learnedeft

the Church. \ iiri • r \

Treatife, that this Age had produced, of the Dodrme ot the pri-
mitive Church concerning the Trinity: This had been fo well
received all Europe over, that in an Aflembly General of the
Clergy of France^ the Bifhop of Meaux was defired to write
over to a Correfpondent he had in Londo7t^ that they had fucli
a fenfe of the fervice he had done their common Faith, that up-
on it they fent him theii- particular thanks: I read the Letter,
and fo I can deliver it for a certain truth, how uncommon foevcr
it may feem to be. The Queen had a little before this promoted
Dr. Beveridge to the See of St. y4faph, who had fliewed himfelf
very learned in the Ecclefiaftical Knowledge. They were both

. pious

of Qiiccn Anne. ' 407

pious and devout Men, but were new declining; both of them 1705.
being old, and not like to hold out long. Soon after this the ' "v^— »
See of Lincohi became vacant by that iJiihop's death : Dr. Wake
was after fome time promoted to it: A man eminently learned,
an excellent writer, a good preacher, and, which is above all, a
man of an exemplary life.

A defign was formed in this Seflion of Parliament, but there Dciign?
was not ftrength enough to carry it onatthistime, thcEarlof i?(^- J^'VnrE.cc-
chejler gave a hint of it in theHoufe of Lords, by faying that he had 2^^^\°^,
a motion of great confequence to the fecurity of the nation, which
he would not make at this time, but would do it when next they
fhould meet together. He faid no more to the Houfe, but in
private difcourfe he owned it was for bringing over the Eledlorefs
o{ Hanover to live in England: Upon this 1 will digrefs a littlej-
to open the defign and the views, which he and fome others might
have in this motion. -'i

It feemed not natural to believe that a Party, which had been
all along backward at beft, and cold in every ftep that was
made in fettling the Succeflion in that Family, fhould become all
on the fudden, fuch Converts as to be zealous for it; fo it was
not an unreafbnable jealoufy to fufpe<5l, that fbmewhat lay hid
under it: It was thought that they either knew, or did apprehend,
that this would not be acceptable to the Queen; and they, being
highly difpleafed with the meafiires fhe took, went into this de-
iign both to vex her, and in hopes that a Fadion might arife out
of it, which might breed a diflradion in our Councils, and fome
of them might hope thereby to revive the Prince of Wales % pre-
tenfions. They reckoned fuch a motion would be popular: And
if either the Court or the Whigs, on whom the Court was now
beginning to look more favourably, fhould oppofe it, this would
cafl a load on them as men, who after all the zeal they had ex-
prefTed for that Succeflion, did now, upon the hopes of favour
at Court, throw it up : And thofe who had been hitherto con-
lidered as the Enemies of that Houfe, might hope by this motion
to overcome all the prejudices that the nation had taken up againft
them; and they might create a merit to themfelves in the minds
of that Family, by this early zeal, which they refolved now to
exprefs for it.

This was fet on foot among all the party: But the more flncere
among them could not be prevailed on to a6t fo falfe a part, tho'
they were told this was the likeliefl way, to advance the Pre-
tended Prince of Wales\ Interefts. JS"^*

I now come to give an account of the lafl bufinefs of this Sef- 5^°^^^^^°"'
fion, with which the Parliament ended ; it was formerly told, priibn fome

1 . of the men

3 „ yyja^^ oTMchurj,

4o8 The History of the Reign

1705. what proceedings had been at law upon the Eledion at Aileshury ;
■ the judgment that the Lords gave in that matter was executed,
and upon that five others of the inhabitants brought their actions
againft the Conftables, upon the fame grounds. The Houfe of
Commons looked on this as a great contempt of their Votes, and
they voted this a Breach of Privilege, to which they added a new,
and 'till then unheard-of Crime, that it was contrary to the De-
claration that they had made; upon that they fent their Meflenger
for thefe five men, and committed them to Newgate^ where they
lay three months prifoners; they^were all the while well-fupplied
and much vifited; fo they lay without making any application
to the Houfe of Commons: It was not thought advifable to move
in fuch a matter, 'till all the Money-Bills were palled ; then mo-
tions were made, in the Interval between the Terms, upon the
Statute for a Habeas Corpus; but the Statute relating only to com-
mitments by the Royal Authority, this did not lie within it.

When the Term came, a motion was made in the Queen's
Bench upon the Common-Law, in behalf of the Prifoners for a
Habeas Corpus; the Lawyers who moved it, produced the Com-
mitment, in which their offence was fet forth, that they had
claimed the benefit of the law in oppofition to a Vote of the Houfe
of Commons to the contrary ; they faid the fubjedls were governed
by the Laws, which they might, and were bound to know, and
not by the Votes of a Houfe of Parliament, which they were nei-
ther bound to know, nor to obey : Three of the Judges were of
opinion, that the Court could take no cognizance of that matter;
the Chief- Juflice was of another mind ; he thought a general war-
rant of commitment for breach of privilege was of the nature of
an execution ; and fince the ground of the commitment was fpe-
cified in the warrant, he thought it plainly appeared, that the
prifoners had been guilty of no legal offence, and that therefore
they ought to be difcharged: He was but one againft three, fo
the Prifoners were remanded.

Upon that they moved for a Writ of Error, to bring the matter
before the Lords ; that was only to be come at, by petitioning the
Queen to order it: The Commons were alarmed at this, and made
an Addrefs to the Queen, fetting forth, that they had paffed all
the Money-Bills, therefore they hoped her Majefty would not
grant this. Ten Judges agreed, that in civil matters a petition for
a Writ of Error was a petition of right, and not of grace ; two of
them only were of another mind ; it was therefore thought a very
ftrange thing, which might have moft pernicious confequencesj
for a Houfe of Commons to defire the Queen, not to grant a pe-
tition of right, which was plainly a breach of Law and of bj^l"
2 Coronation-

of Qj^iccn Anne. 409

Coronation- Oath; they alfo took on them to affirm, that the 1705.
Writ did not lie; tho' that was cJcarly the work of the Judi-
cature to declare, whether it lay or not, and that was iinqucfti-
onably the Right of the Lords; They only could determine that;
the fupplying the publick occafions was a ftrange confideration
to be offered the Queen, as an argument to perfuade her to ad
againft Law: as if they had pretended that they had bribed her
to infringe the Law; and to deny Juftice: Money given for pub-
lick fervice was given to the Country, and to therafelves, as pro-
perly as to the Queen. • '

The Queen anfwered their Addrefsj and in it faid, that the
flopping Proceedings at Law, was a matter of fuch confequence,
that fhe muft confider well of it: This was thought fo cold, that
they returned her no thanks for it; tho' a well-compofed Houie
of Commo.is would certainly have thanked her, for that tender
regard to Law and Juftice. The Houfe of Commons carried their
anger farther ; they ordered the Prifoners to be taken out of New-
gate^ and to be kept by their Serjeant ; they alfo ordered the Law-
yers and the Sollicitors to be taken into cuftody^ for appearing
in behalf of the Prifoners : Thefe were fuch ftrange and unheard-
of Proceedings, that by them the minds of all people were much
alienated from the Houle of Commons. But the Prifoners were
under fuch management, and fo well fupported, that they would
not fubmit nor ask pardon of the Houfe; it was generally be-
lieved, that they were fupplied and managed by the Lord Wharton'y
they petitioned the Houfe of Lords for relief; and the Lords re-
folved to proceed in the matter, by fure and regular fteps: They
firft came to fome general RefoJutions; That neither Houfe of
Parliament could affume or create any new Privilege, that they
had not been formerly poflefled of; That Subjeds claiming their
Rights in a Courfe of Law, againft thofe who had no Privilege,
could not be a Breach of Privilege of either Houfe; That the
imprifoning the men o{ Ailesbury^ for ading contrary to a De-
claration made by the Houle of Commons, was againft Law ;
That the committing their Friends and their Counfel for affifting
them, in order to the procuring their Liberty in a legal way, was
contrary to Law; and that the Writ of Error could not be denied
without breaking the Magna Charta and the Laws of England.
Thele Refblutions were communicated to the Houfe of Commons
at a Conference.

They made a long Anfwer to them: In it they fet forth, that
the right of determining Eledions was lodged only with them,
and that therefore they only could judge who had a Right to eled ;
they only were the Judges of their own Privileges, the Lords could

Vol. n. 5 M not

4IO The History of the Reign

1705. not intermeddle in it ; they quoted very copioufly the Proceedings
^— ^/ — ' in the year 1675, upon an Appeal brought againft a Member of
their Hoiife; they faid their Prifoncrs ought only to apply them-
felves to them for their liberty; and that no motion had ever been
made for a Writ of Error in fuch a cafe. Upon this fecond Con-
ference according to form, the ruatter was brought to a free Con-
ference, where the point was fully argued on both fides; the
City and the Body of the Nation were on the Lords fide in the
matter. Upon this, the Lords drew up a full reprefentation of
the whole thing, and laid it before the Queen, with an earneft
prayer to her Majefty, to give order for the Writ of Error; this
was thought fb well drawn, that fome preferred it to thofe of the
former Seffions ; it contained a long and clear dedudion of the
whole affair, with great decency of ftyle, but with many heavy
reflexions on the Houfe of Commons.

By this time the whole bufinefs of the SefHon was brought to
a conclufion; for the Lords, who had the Money- Bills, would
not pafs them, 'till this was ended : They carried their Reprefen-
tation to the Queen, who in anfwer to it told them, that fhe
would have granted the Writ of Error, but fhe faw it was necef-
fary to put a prefent conclufion to the SefHoru This being reported
to the Houfe, was looked on by them a-s a clear decifion in their
favour; therefore they ordered their humble thanks to be imme-
diately returned to her Majefty for it: An hour after that, the
Queen came to the Houfe of Lords, and pafled all the Bills, and
ended the Seflion, with a Speech full of thanks for the Supplies
fo readily granted ; fhe took notice with regret of the EfTefts of the
ill-humour and animofity, that had appeared ; and fpoke of the
narrow efcape we had made, which fhe hoped would teach all
perfbns to avoid fuch dangerous Experiments for the future; this
was univerfally underftood to be meant of the Tack, as indeed it
could be meant of nothing elfe.
The end of Thus this Scflion, and with it this Parliament came to an end:
the Par- [^ vvas no fmall bleffing to the Queen, and to the Nation, that
they got well out of fuch hands: They had difcovered, on many
occafions, and very manifeftly, what lay at bottom with moft of
them ; but they had not skill enough to know how to manage
their advantages, and to make ufe of their numbers ; the conftant
Succefles, with which God had bleffed the Queen's Reign, put it
out of their power to compafs that, which was aimed at by them ;
'the forcing a Peace, and of confequence the delivering all up to
Fra?tcs. ^\x Chrijlopher Mufgrave^ the wifefl: Man of the Party,
died before the lafl: SefHon; and by their condud: after his death,
it appeared, that they wanted his Direftion: He had been at the

^•'' . head

of Queen Anne* 411

head of the oppofition, that was made in the lafl: Reign from the 1705.
beginning to the end; but he gave up many points of great im- *- — ^ — ■
portance in the critical minute, for which I had good reafon to
believe, that he had i 2000 pounds from the late King, at different
times: At his death it appeared, that he was much richer, than by
any viable computation he could be valued at : Which made
fome caft an Imputation on his memory, as if he had received
great funis even from France.

I fhall conclude the relation of this Parliament with an accoutit bius tha^
of fome things, that were begun, but not perfected by them: There !^*:5?."°'
was a Bill offered for the Naturalization of fome Hundreds of
Frenchmetiy to which the Commons added a Claule, difabling the
perfons fo naturalized, from voting in Eleftions of Parliament ;
the true reafon of this was, becaufe it was obferved that the French
among us gave in all Eledlions their Votes, for thofe who were moft
zealous againft i7-^/?c^: and yet, with an apparent difingenuity,
fome gave it as a reafon for fuch a Claufe, that they mufl be
fuppofed fo partial to the Interefls of their own Country, that it
was not fit to give them any fbare in our Government. The
Lords looked on this as a new attempt, and the Claufe added was
a plain contradidion to the body of the Bill, which gave them
all the Rights of natural-born Subje6ls; and this took from them
the chief of them all, the chufing their Reprefentatives in Parlia-
ment: They would not agree to it, and the Commons refolved not
to depart from it; fo without coming to a free Conference, the
Bill fell with the SelTion.

Another Bill was begun by the Lords againfl the Papifls: It
was occafioned by feveral complaints brought from many parts
of the Kingdom, chiefly {xovsxCheJhire^ of the pradlices and info-
lence of thofe of that Religion: So a Bill was ordered to be brought
in, with Claufes in it, that would have made the Adt, pafled
againfl them four years before, prove effedual ,- which for want
of thefe, has hitherto been of no effedl at all: This pafled in the
Houfe of Lords, and was fent to the Commons. They had no
mind to pafs it; but to avoid the ill effects of their refuilng fuch
a Bill, they added a Claule to it, containing fevere Penalties on
Papifts who fhould once take the Oatlis, and come into the Com- ' '' '
munion of our Church, if they fhould be guilty of any Occa-
fional Conformity with Popery afterwards : They fancied that this
of Occafional Conformity was fo odious to the Lords, that every
Claufe that condemned it, would be rejected by them : But when
they came to underftand that the Lords were refolved to agree to
the Claufe, they would not put it to that hazard: So the BilJ lay
on their Table, and flept 'till the Prorogation.

A

412 The History of the Reign

1705. A General Self-denying Bill was offered in the Houfe of Com-
mons, by thofe very Men, who in the firfl; Seflion of Parliament,
when they hoped for Places themfelves, had oppofed the motion
of fuch a Bill with great indignation: Now the fcene was a little
altered, they faw they were not like to be Favourites, fo they pre-
tended to be Patriots. This looked fo ftrangely in them, that it
was rejedled : But another Bill of a more reftrained nature pafled,
difabling fome Officers, particularly thofe that were concerned in
the Prize-Office, from ferving in Parliament : To this a general
Claufe was added, that difabled all who held any Office, that had
been created fince the year 1684, or any Office that fhould be
created for the future, from fitting in Parliament: This paffed
among them, and was fent to the Lords ; who did not think fit
to agree to fo general a Claufe, but confented to a particular dif-
ability, piit on fome Offices by name : The Commons did not
agree to this Alteration ; they would have all or nothing : So the
Bill fell.

The conclufion of the Parliament fet the whole Nation in a
general ferment ; both fides ftudied how to diipofe people's
minds in the new Elections, with great induftry and zeal :
All people looked on the Affairs of France, as reduced to fuch a
ftate, that the War could not run beyond the period of the next
Parliament: A well-chofen one muft prove a publick bleffing,
not only to England , but to all Europe ; as a bad one would be
fatal to us at home, as well as to our Allies abroad: The Affairs
of Fraitce were run very low: All methods of raifing money were
now exhaufted, and could afford no great fupplies: So, in imi-
tation of our Exchequer-Bills, they began to give out Mint-Bills;
but they could not create that confidence, which is juftly put
in Parliamentary credit. The French had hopes from their Party
here in England-, and there was a disjointing in the feveral Pro-
vinces of the United Netherlands : But as long as we were firm
and united, we had a great influence on the States, at leaft to keep
things entire during the War: So it was vifible that a good Elec-
tion in E?igland^ muft give fuch a profpe6l for three years, a&
would have a great Influence on all the Affairs of Europe.
Proceedings I muft, before I end the relation of the Parliament, fay fome-
what of the Convocation, that attended upon it, tho' it was then
fo little confidered, that fcarce any notice was taken of them,
and they deferved that no mention fliould be made of them.
The Lower Houfe continued to proceed with much indecent vi-
olence: They ftill held their intermediate Seffions, and brought
up injurious and refleding Addreffes to the Upper Houfe, which
gave a very large exercife to the patience and forbearance of the

Arch-

in the Con-
vocation.

of Queen Anne. ^4^1*5

Archbiiliop and Bifliops; the Archbifhop, after he had born Jong 170^.
with their perverfenefs, and law no good effed of it, proceeded ' — ^ — >j
to an Ecclefiaftical Monition againft their intermediate meetings:
This put a flop to that, for they would not venture on the Cen-
fures, thatmuft in courfe follow, if no regard was had to the Mo-
nition. At the final Prorogation, the ArchbiHiop difmifled thtm
with a wife well-compofed Speech ; he laid open to them thcit
indecent behaviour, and the many wrong fteps they had made ;
to this he added a fevere, but grave reprimand, with much good
advice. The governing men among them were headftrong and fac-
tious, and defigned to force themfelves into Preferments, by the
noife they made, and by this ill humour that they endeavoured
to fpread among the Clergy, who were generally fbured, even
with relation to the Queen herfelf, beyond what could be ima-
gined poflible.

Now having given a full relation of our Counfels and other Af-
fairs at home, I fhall next confider the Progrefs of thofe abroad.
The firft operation of the Campaign was before Gibraltar: Lake
was failing from Lisbon thither, and as he went out he met Dilksy
who was fent from England to encreafe his Force ; by this Ad-
dition he had a flrong Fleet of 30 Men of War, fo he held on his
courfe with all expedition, hoping to find Pointy in the Bay ofTheSi^e
Gibraltar', but a great Storm had blown all^ but five Ships, up raifcd.
the Mediterranean. Pointy remained only with thefe, when he
was furprifed by Lake, Who did quickly overpower him, and
took three Capital Ships; the other two, that were the greateft
of them, were run afhore, and burnt near Marbella. Lake failed to
th& Levanty to fee if he could overtake thofe Ships, that the Wind
had driven from the refl ; but after a fruitlefs purfuit for fome
days, he returned back to Gibraltar : That Garrifbn was now fo
well fupplied^ that the Spaniards lofl all hopes of being able to
take it; fo they raifed the Siege, turning it into a very feeble
Blockade. This advantage came at the fame time, that Verue was
lofl, to ballance that.

Now the Campaign was to be opened, the Duke of Marlbo-^
rough defigned that the Mofelle fhould be the Scene of A6liori,
and care had been taken to lay up Magazines of all forts in Triers i The Duke'
The States confented, that he fhould carry the greatefl part off„^^^h'
their Army to the Mofelle, and refolved to lie on the Defenfive ^^"^J"^^**
upon their own Frontiers; for they reckoned that how flrong fbever
the Eledlor of Bavaria's Army was at that time, yet whenfoever
France fhould be prefled, with fo great a Force as they reckoned,
would be on the Mofelle, he would be ordered to fend fuch De-
tachments thither, that his Army would be quickly diminifhedj

Vol. II. 5 N ana

4l4 ^^^ History of the Reign

1705. and fo would not have the fuperiour ftrength long. Prince Lewis
c— Y--^ Qf 2aden feemed to like this Scheme of the Campaign fo well, and
had concurred fo cordially in the concert of it, during the Winter,
that no doubt was made of his being both able and willing, to en-
ter upon this new Scene of the War: But as the Duke of Marl-
borough was fetting out, depending on his Concurrence, he re-
ceived an Exprefs from him, excufing himfelf both on his own
want of Health, and becaufe the Force he had about him was not
conliderablc, nor was that, which he expeded, like to come to
him fo foon as might be wiflied for. This could not flop the
Duke o{ Mjarlboroughi who had fet his heart on opening the Cam-
paign in thofe Parts, and had great hopes of Succefs: fo he re-
folved to pujQi the matter, as far as he could. He went to the
Prince of Baden to concert Matters with him ; whofe ill Health
feemed only to be a Pretence: It was true, that the Princes and
Circles of the Empire had not fent in their Quotas, but it appeared
that there was already ftrength enough, in conjundtion with the
Army, that the Duke oi Marlborough was to bring, to advance,
and open the Campaign with great advantage, at leaft 'till De-
tachments fhould come from other Parts: The Prince of Baden
at laft confented to this, and promiJed to follow, with all the
Forces he could bring.
Expeaing The Duke oi Marlborough was fo fatisfied with thele AfTuran-
^oiild^^ ces, that he came back to his Army, and quickened their March,
fo that he brought them to Triers ; and he advanced eight Leagues
further, through fo many Defiles, that the French might eafiiy
have made his March both dangerous and difficult. He ported
himfelf very near Marefchal /^///^r/s Camp, not doubting but that
the Prince o^ Baden would quickly follow him: Inftead of that, he
repeated his former excufe of want of Health and Force. That
which gave the worft fufpicions of him was, that it appeared
plainly, that the French knew what he intended to do, and their
Management fhewed they depended on it; for they ordered no
Detachments to encreafe M. Villars\ Army : On the contrary,
the Eledlor of Bavaria., having the fuperiour Force, prefTed the
States on their Frontier. Huy was befieged and taken, after it had
beyond all expedation held out ten days: hi^ge was attacked
next; the Town was taken, but the Citadel held out. Upon this,
the States fent to the Duke oi Marlborough to march back with
all pofUble hafte; he had then eat up the Forage round about
him, and was out of all hope, of the Prince of Baden ^ coming to
join him; fo he faw the neceflity of marching back, after he had
loft fome weeks in a fruitlefs Attempt: He made fuch hafte in his
March, that he loft many of his Men in the way, by fatigue and

; - defertion ;

^Jk\K¥$

t!irou<?h the
French

of Queen Anne. 4^5

dcfcrtion; the French gave him no trouble, neither while he lay 1705.
fo near their Camp, nor when he drew ofF, to march away with * — ^'"~~'
fo much hafte. To com pleat the ill Condud: of the Gervmns^ thofc
who were left with the Magazines at Triers^ pretending danger,
deftroyed them all, and abandoning Triers^ retired back to the \:^, "'"^
Rhine.

The Prince of 5^^(?«'sCondud: through this whole matter was li-
able to great Cenfure: The worft fufpicion was, that he was corrup-
ted by the French. Thofe who did not carry their Cenfure fo far,
attributed his adling as he did to his Pride, and thought he, envy-
ing the Duke q{ Marlborough^ and apprehending that the whole
Glory of the Campaign would be afcribed to him, fince he had
the ftronger Army, chofe rather to defeat the whole Defign, than
fee another carry away the chief Honour of any Succefles, that
might have happened. The Duke of Marlborough came back in
good time to raife the Siege of the Citadel of Liege-, and he re-
took Huy in three days: After that, in conjundiion with the Dutch
Army, he advanced towards the French Lines: He for fome days The Duke
amufed them with feints; at laft he made the Attack, wiiere he °lf^h"hrokc
had defigned it, and broke through the Lines, and gave a great
Defeat to the Body of the French that defended them, with the Unw'
Lofs only of fevenMen on his fide; and fo without more oppo-
fition he came very near Louvain, the Dyle running between his
Camp and the Town: A Deluge of Rain fell that Night, and
fwelled the Dyle fo, that it was not poflible to pafs it. This gave
the French time to recover themfelves out of the firft Confter-
nation, that the Advantages he had gained put them in: After a
few days, when the pafling the Dyle was pradicable, the Duke
o^ Marlborough gave orders for it: But the French were pofted
with fo much advantage on the other fide, that the Dutch Ge-
nerals perfuaded the Deputies of the States, that they muft run The Dutch
a great rifque, if they fhould venture to force the Paffage. The '''.'|,"'j',"'''
Duke of Marlborough was not a little mortified with this, but he i^-^"*;'-
bore it calmly, and moved another way. After fome few Motions,
another occafion was offered, which he intended to lay hold on:
Orders were given to force the PafiTage ; but a Motion through a
Wood, that was thought necefixiry to fupport that, was not be-
lieved pradicable : fo the Deputies of the States were again
pofl'effed with the Danger of the Attempt ; and they thought
their Affairs were in fo good a Condition, that iuch a defperate
Undertaking, as that feemed to be, was not to be ventured on.

This was very uneafy to the Duke, but he was forced to fub-

mit to it, tho' very unwillingly: All agreed that the Enterprize

was bold and doubtful; fome thought it muft have fucceeded,

I though

cnturc a

416 The History of the P.e'ign

1705. though with fome Lofs at firft; and that if it had Tucceeded, it
*"— "v**^ might have proved a decifive Adlion ; others indeed looked on
it as too defperate. A great Breach was like to arife upon this,
both in the Army, and among the States at the Hague., and in
the Towns oi Holland., in Amfierdam in particular; where the
Burghers came in a body to the Stadthoufe, complaining of the
Deputies, and that the Duke of Marlborough had not fuller Powers.
I can give no judgment in fo nice a point, in which MiHtary
Men were of very different opinions, fome juftifying the Duke of
Marlborough, as much as others cenfured him : He fhe wed great tem-
per on this occafion, and though it gave him a very fenfible trouble
yet he fet himfelf to calm all the heat, that was railed upon it.
The Campaign in Flanders produced nothing after this, but
fruitlefs Marches, while our Troops were fubfifted in the Enemy's
Country, 'till the time came of going into Winter-Quarters.
Prince Lewis ^ Backwardnefs, and the Caution of the Deputies of
the States., made this Campaign lefs Glorious than was exped:ed ;
for I never knew the Duke of Marlborough go out fo full of
hopes, as in the beginning of it: But things had not anfwered
his expectation.
The Em- This Summer the Emperor Leopold died : He was the moft
SiJath and knowing and the moft virtuous Prince of his Communion ; only
he wanted the Judgment that was neceffary for conducing great
Affairs, in fuch Critical Times: He was almoft always betrayed,
and yet he was fo firm to thofe, who had the Addrefs to infinuate
themfelves into his good Opinion and Confidence, that it was
not poflible to let him fee thofe Mifcarriages, that ruined his Af-
fairs fo often, and brought them fometimes near the laft Extre-
mities: Of thefe every body elfe feemed more fenfible than he
himfelf He was devout and ftrid in his Religion, and was fo
implicit in his fubmifiion to thofe Priefts, who had credit with
him, the Jefuits in particular, that he owed all his Troubles to
their Couniels. The Perfecution they began in Hungary raifed
one great War; which gave the T'urks occafion to befiege ^/^w;^,
by which he was almoft entirely fwallowed up: This danger did
not produce more Caution ; after the Peace of Carlowitz, there
was fomuch Violence and Oppreflion in the Government o^ Hun-
gary, both of Papifts and Proteftants, that this raifed a fecond
War there, which, in conjunction with the Revolt of the Eledlor
oi Bavaria, brought him a fecond time very near utter Ruin:
Yet he could never be prevailed on, either to punifii, or fo much
as to fufpeft thofe, who had fo fatally entangled his Affairs; that
without Foreign Aid nothing could have extricated them. He
was naturally merciful to a fault, for even the Punifhment of

Cri-

Charader.

of Queen Anke. 417

Criminals was uncafy to him: Yet all the Cruelty in the Pcrfe- 1705.
cution of Hereticks Teemed to raife no relentings in him. It could *— *v-^
not but be obferved by all Proteftants, how much the ill influence
of the Popifli Religion appeared in him, who was one of the
mildeft and moft virtuous Princes of the Age, fince Cruelty in
the Matters of Religion had a full courfe under him, though it
was as contrary to his natural Temper, as it was to his Intcrcfls,
and proved oftener than once almofi: fatal to all his Affairs. His
Son yo/eph, eleded King of the Roma7is^ fucceeded him both in
his Hereditary and Eledlive Dignities: It was given out, that he
would apply himfelf much to Bufinefs, and would avoid thole
Rocks on which his Father had ftruck, and almoft fplit; and correct
thofe Errors to which his Father's caiinefs had expofed him : He
promifed to thofe Minifters, that the Queen and the States had in
his Court, that he would offer all reafonable Terms to the Hun-^
garians: And he confented to their fetting a Treaty on foot, in
which they were to be the Mediators, and become the Guarantees
for the obfervance of fuch Articles, as fhould be agreed on; and
he gave great hopes, that he would not continue in that fubjec-
tion to the Priefts, to which his Father had been captivated.

He defired to confer with the Duke of Marlborough^ and to
concert all Affairs with him: The Queen confented to this, and
the Duke went to Vienna^ where he was treated with great free-
dom and confidence, and he had all aflurances given him, that
could be given in words: He found, that the Emperor was high-
ly diflatisfied with the Prince of Baden, but he had fuch credit
in the Empire, efpecially with the Circles of Suabia and Franco-
nia, that it was neceflary to bear with that, which could not be
helped. The Duke of Marlborough returned thro' the Hereditary
Dominions to Berlin, where he had learned fo perfectly to ac-
commodate himfelf to that King's Temper, that he fucceeded in
every thing he propofed, and renewed all Treaties for one year
longer. He came from thence to the Court of Hanover, and
there he gave them full Affurancesof the Queen's adhering firmly
to their Interefts, in maintaining the SuccefHon to the Crown in
their Family, with which the Elector was fully fatisfied: But it
appeared that the Eledlorefs had a mind, to be invited over to
England. From thence he came back to Holland, and it was
near the end of the year before he came over to England. Thus I
have cafl all that relates to him, in one continued feries, though
it ran out into a Courfe of many Months.

The German Army was not brought together before Auvujl : Affairs in
It was a very brave one, yet it did not much ; the French ^"'""'^•
gave way, and retired before them: Haguenaw and fome other

Vol. II. 5 O Places

4.1 8 The History of the Reign

1 70 c. Places were left by thtFrenchy and poflcffed by the Imperialifls: a
' — V-— ' Blockade was laid to Fort Lewis. But nothing was done by that
noble Army, equal either to their Numbers and Strength, or to the
Reputation that the Prince of Baden had formerly acquired. This
was contrary to the general expedlation; for it was thought, that
being at the head of fo great an Army, he would have ftudied to
have fignalized himfelf, if it had been but to rival the Glory,
that the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene had acquired.
Aadiaitaiy. Priucc £'2<;^^«^ had a hard time in //«/)/; He had a weak Army,
and it was both ill-provided and ill-paid ; he was long fliut up
within the Country oi Bergamo; at laft he broke through to Cu-
Jano ; where there was a very hot Adlion between him and the
Duke o{ Vendofme\ both Sides pretended they had the Vidtory,
yet the Duke of Vendofme repaffed the River, and the Im-
perialifls kept the Field of Battel. The French threatned Turin
with a Siege, but they began with Chivas^ which held out fome
Months, and was at laft abandoned; the Duke oi Feuillade com-
manded the Army near Turin, and feemed to difpole every thing
in order to a Siege; but the Defign was turned upon Nice, tho'
late in the year: They made a brave refiftance for many weeks;
in December they were forced to capitulate, and the Place was
demolilhed by the French.

The Firmnefs, that the Duke of Savoy cxprefled in all thefe
Lofles, was the wonder of all Europe; he had now but a fmall
Army of 8oco Foot and 4000 Horfe, and had fcarce Terri-
tory enough to fupport thefe; he had no confiderable Places
left him but Turin and Co?ii : But he feemed refolved to be driven
out of all, rather than to abandon the Alliance. His Dutchefs
with all the Clergy, and indeed all his Subjedls, prayed him to
fubmit to the neceflity of his Affairs; nothing could fhake him;
he admitted none of his Bifhops nor Clergy into his Councils, and
as his Envoy the Count Briancon told me, he had no certain Fa-
ther-Confeilbr, but fent fometimes to the Dominicans, and fome-
.times to the Francifcans for a Prieft, when he intended to go to
Confeffion.
/fFiirs ia I turn ncxt to Spain, which was this year a Scene of moft
Sfain. important Tranfadions : The firft Campaign in Portugal be-
fore the hot Seafon, produced nothing : The fecond Campaign
feemed to promife fomewhat, but the Condud was fo feeble,
that though the Earl of Galloway did all that was poflible, to
, ,, put things in a good pofture, yet he faw a difpofition in the Mi-
nifters, and in their whole Management, that made him often
defpair, and wifh himfelf out of the Service. Fagel, that com-
manded the Dutch Forces, aded in every thing in oppofition to

him,

of Queen Anne. 419

him, and it was vifible that the Miniftefs did fecretly encourage 1705.
that, by which they excufed themfclves. *- — / — -*

King Charles was fo difgufted with thefe Proceedings, that he ^ pj^^ ,„j
was become quite weary of ftaying in Portugal : So when the Army fcm
Fleet of the AlHes came to Lisbon with an Army on board, of ^'^ ^'"*
above 5000 Men, commanded by the Earl o{ Peterborough^ he
refolved to go aboard, and to try his Fortune with them. The
Almirante of Cajiile died about that time; fome thought that
was a great Lofs; though others did not let fo high a value upon
him, nor on any of the Intrigues that were among the Grandees -
2Lt Madrid: They were indeed offended with fcveral fmall matters
in King Philips Condudl, and with the Afcendant, that the French
had in all their Councils; for they faw every thing was dircded
by Orders fent from FerfailleSf and that their King was really but
a Viceroy: They were alfo highly provoked by fome Innovations
made in the Ceremonial, which they valued above more important
Matters ; many feemed difgufted at that Conduft, and withdrew
from the Court. The Marquefs of Leganes was confidered, as
moft adtive in infufing Jealoufies and a Diflike of the Govern-
ment into the other Grandees, fo he was feized on, and fent Pri-
foner to Navarre', the Grandees, in all their Condudl, fhewed
more of a haughty Sullennefs in maintaining their own Privileges,
than of a generous Refolution to free their Country from the Sla-
very, under which it was fallen ; they feemed neither to have
Heads capable of laying any folid Defigns, for fhaking off the
^. yoke, nor Hearts brave enough to undertake it.
* Our Fleet failed from Lisbon with King Charles; they ftopt
VLt Gibraltar; and carried along with them the Prince oi Heffe,
who had been fo long Governour of Barcelona, that he knew
both the Tempers, and the Strength, and Importance of the
Place. The firft Defign of this Expedition was concerted with the
Duke Ci{ Savoy; and the Forces they had on board, were either
to join him, or to make an attempt on Naples or Sicily, as fhould
be found moft advifable: There were Agents employed in different
Parts of Spain, to give an account of the difpofttion People were
in, and of what feemed moft pradicable. A Body of Men rofein
Catalonia about Vick : upon the knowledge King Charles had of
this, and upon other Advertifements that were fent to our Court, of
the difpofttions of thole of that Principality, the Orders which King
Charles defired were fent; and brought by a Runner, that was dil-
patched from the Queen to the Fleet: So the Fleet fleered to the
Coaft of Catalonia, to try what could be done there. The Earl
of Peterborough^ who had fet his heart on Italy, and on Prince

JBiUgem

420 The History of the Reign

1 705. Eugeney was not a little difpleafed with this, as appeared in a long
^- — "> — ' Letter from him, which the Lord-Treafurer fhewed me.
They landed They landed not far from Barcelona^ and were joined with
near Bar- many MiqueUts and others of the Country ; thefe were good at
plundering, but could not fubmit to a regular Difcipline, nor
were they willing to expofe themfelves to dangerous Services. Bar-
celona had a Garrilbn of 5000 Men in it; thefe were commanded
by Officers, who were entirely in the Interefts of King Philip ; it
leemed a very unreafonable thing to undertake the Siege of fiich
a Place, with fo fmall a Force; they could not depend on the
raw and undifciplined Multitudes, that came in to join them,
who if things fucceeded not in their hands, would fbon abandon
them, or perhaps ftudy to merit a pardon, by cutting their throats.
A Council of War was called, to confult on what could be pro-
pofed and done; Stanhope^ who was one of them, told me, that
both E72glifi and Dutch were all of opinion, that the Siege could
not be undertaken, with fo fmall a Force; thofe within being as
ftrong as they were, nor did they fee any thing elfe worth the at-
tempting : They therefore thought that no time was to be loft,
but that they were all to go again on board, and to confider
what Courfo was next to be taken, before the Seafon were fpent,
when the Fleet would be obliged to return back again, and if
they could not fix themfelves any where before that time, they
muft fail back with the Fleet. The Prince of Hejfe only was of
opinion, that they ought to fit down before Barcelona ; he faid,
he had focret intelligence of the good affedtions of many in the
Town, who were well-known to him, and on whom he relied,
and he undertook to anfwer for their Succels: This could not fa-
tisfy thofe who knew nothing of his Secrets, and fo could only
judge of things by what appeared to them.
The Kins; ^hc Debate lafted fome hours : In conclufion, the King him-
preiTed the f^}f fpoke near half an hour ; he refumed the whole Debate, he
anfwered all the Objedlions that were made againft the Siege ;
and treated every one of thofe who had made them, as he an-
fwered them, with particular Civilities ; he fupported the truth of
what the Prince of Heffe had aflerted, as being known to him-
felf ; he faid, in the State in which his Affairs then flood, nothing
could be propofed that had not great difficulties in it, all was
doubtful, and much muft be put to ha2;ard ; but this feemed
lels dangerous than any other thing that was proposed: Many of
his Subjeds had come and declared for him, to the hazard of
their Lives; it became him therefore to let them fee, that he would
run the fame hazard with them; he defired that they would ftay
fo long with him, 'till fuch attempts ffiould be made, that all the

world

of Queen Anne. 42 i

World might be convinced, that nothing could be done, and he 1705.
hoped that till that appeared, they would not leave him ; he ad- ^-— ^ — '
ded, that if their Orders did oblige them to leave him, yet he
could not leave his own Subjeds : upon this they rcfblved to
fit down before Barcelona. They were all amazed to fee fo
young a Prince, fo little prad:i/ed in Bufincfs, argue in fo
nice a point, with fo much force, and conclude with fuch he-
roical Refolutions. This proved happy in many Refpe<fl;s ; It
came to be known afterwards, that the Catalans and MiqueletSy
who had joined them, hearing that they were refolved to aban-
don them, and go back to their Ships, had refolved, either out
of rcfentment, or that they might merit their pardon, to
murder as many of them as they could. When this fmall Army
fate down before Barcelona^ they found they were too weak to
beliege it ; they could fcarce mount their Cannon : When they
came to examine their Stores, they found them very defeftive ;
and far fhort of the Qiiantities that by their Lifts they expeded
to find ; vyhether this flowed from Treachery or CarclefTnefs, I
will not determine ; there is much of both in all our Offices. It
foon appeared that the Intelligence was true, concerning the In-
clinations of thofe in the Town, their AfTedions were entire for
King Cha}'les : but they were over-awed by the Garrifbn, and
by Felafco^ who as well as the Duke of Popolit who had the
chief command, was devoted to the Interefls of King Philip.
Deferters came daily from the Town and brought them Intelli-
gence: the moft confiderable thing was, that Fort Mo72tjuy was port ;>/».//-
very ill guarded, it being thought above their Strength to make -^"Z ^''^'^'''^'^
an attempt on it ; fo it was concluded that all the hopes of reducing
Barcelona lay in the Succefs of their Defign on that Fort. Two
Bodies were ordered to march fecretly that night, and to move to-
wards the other fide of Barcelona^ that the true Defign might
not be fufpeded, for all the hopes of Succefs lay in the fecrecy
of the March. The firft Body confifted of 800, and both
the Prince of Heffe and the Earl of Peterborough led them :
The other Body confifted of 600, who were to follow thefe
at fbme diftance ; and were not to come above half way
up the Hill, till further Order : Stanhope led this Body,
from whom I had this Account. They drew up with them fome
fmall Field-pieces and Mortars; they had taken a great compafs,
and had marched all night, and were much fatigued by the time
that they had gained the Top of the Hill; 300 of them, being
commanded to another fide of the Fort, were feparated from
the reft, and miftaking their way, fell into the hands of a Body
of Men, fent up from the Town to reinforce the Garrifon in the
Vol. II. 5 P Fort;

42 2 The Pi IS TORY of the Reign

inot. Fort; before they were feparated, the whole Body had attacked
' — r-—' the Out- works, and carried them ; but while the Prince of Hejfe
was leading on his Men he received a Sliot in his Body, upon
which he fell ; yet he would not be carried off, but continued
too long in the place giving Orders, and died in a few hours,
much andjuftly lamented. The Goyernour of the Fort, feeing
a fmall Body in poffeffion of the Out-works, refolved to fally out

' upon them, and drew up 400 Men in order to it ; thefe would

foon have mafler'd a fmall and wearied Body, difhearten'd by
fo great a lofs ; fb that if he had followed his refolution all was
loft, for all that Stanhope could have done, was, to receive, and
bring off fuch as could get to him ; but one of thofe newly taken,
happening to cry out, 0 poor Prince of Hefle, the Governour
hearing this, called for him, and examined him, and when he
learned that both the Prince of Heffe and the Earl of Peterborough
were with that Body, he concluded that the whole Army was
certainly coming up after them; and reflecting on that, he
thought it was not fit for him to expofe his Men, fince he be-
lieved the Body they were to attack would be foon much fupe-
riour to him ; fo he refolved not to rifque a Sally, but to keep
within and maintain the Fort againft them. Thus the Earl of
Peterborough continued quiet in the Out- works, and being rein-
forced vvith more Men, he attacked the Fort, but with no great
hopes of fucceeding : he threw a ^qv/ Bombs into it, one of thefe
fell happily into the Magazine of Powder, and blew it up : By
this the Governour and fome of the beft Officers were killed,
which ftruck the reft with fuch a Confternation, that they de-

And taken, livered up the Place. This Succefs gave them great hopes, the
Town lying juft under the Hill, which the Fort flood on : Upon
this the Party in Barcelona., that was well affedted to K. Charles^
began to take heart, and to £hew themfelves: And after a few
days Siege, another happy Bomb fell with fo good an effed:, that
the Garrifon was forced to capitulate.

King Chctrles was received into Barcelona., with great expref-
fions of joy : In the firfl tranfport, they feemed refolved to break
t4irough the Articles granted to the Garrifon, and to make facri-
fices of the chief Officers at leaft. Upon that the Earl of Peter-

^pitukced. borough, with Stanhope and other Officers, rode about the Streets,
to flop this. fury, and to prevail with the People to maintain their
Articles religioufly ; and in doing this, Stanhope laid to me, they
ran a greater hazard, from the fliooting and fire, tiiat was flying
about in that diforder, than they had done during the whole'
Siege : They at laft quieted the People, and the Articles of Ca-
pitulation were pundtually obfervcd. Upon this unexpeded Suc-
cefs

(f Qj^iccn Anne. 423

cefs, the whole Principality of Catalonia declared for Kin^ Charles: i -05.
I will not proiecute this Relation io minutely in otlicr Parts of it, *^ — »''"***'
having fet down fo particularly, that which I had from lo good
a Hand, chiefly to fet forth the fignal Steps of Providence, thait
did appear in this matter.

Soon after, our Fleet failed back to England, and Stanhope
wasfent over in it, to give a full Relation of this great Tranfa<5tion :
By him King Charles wrote to the Qiieen a long and clear ac-
count of all his Affairs ; full of great Acknowledgements of her k. charii-t's
aflirtance, with a high Commendation of all Her Subjedls, more ^*-'''"*-
particularly of the ¥.^t\o{ Peterborough : The Queen was pleafed
to fhew me the Letter ; it was all writ in his own hand, and the
French of it was fo little correct, that it was not like whnt a Se-
cretary would have drawn for him : fo from that 1 concluded he
penned it himfelf The Lord-Treafurer had likewifc another
long Letter from him, which he fhewed me : It was all in his
own hand : One Corredlion feemed to make it evident, that He
himielf compofed it. He wrote towards the end oi the Letter,
that he mufi: depend on his ProteSlion ; upon refledibn, that word
feemed not fit for him to ufe to a Subje<ft, fo it was dafhed
out, but the Letters were ftill plain, and inflead of it Application
was writ over head : Thefe Letters gave a great Idea of fo
young and unexperienced a Prince, who was able to write with
fo much Clearnefs, Judgment, and Force. By all that is re-
ported of the Prince of Lichtenjlein-, that King could not receive
any great Ailiftance from him: He was fpoken of, as a Man of a
low Genius, who thought of nothing but the ways of enriching
himfelf, even at the hazard of ruining his Mafter's Bufinefs.

Our Affairs at Sea were more profperous this year, than they Affairs at
had been formerly: In the beginning of the Seafon our Cruizers ^^*-
took fo many of the French Privateers, that we had fome
thoufands of their Seamen in our hands : We kept fuch a Squa-
dron before Breji^^ that the French Fleet did not think fit to
venture out, and their Toulon Squadron had fuffcred fo much in
the Adion of the fornier years, that they either could not, or
would not venture out : By this means our Navigation was fafe,
and our Trade was profperous.

The fecond Campaign in F orttigal zw^^di worfe than the firft:
Badajos was befieged, and the Earl of Gallway hoped he fhould
have been quickly Mafter of it; but his hopes were not well- of /w./j«f
grounded, for the Siege was raifed : In one Action the Earl of ™'*^-
Calkjoay\ Arm was broke by a Cannon-ball : It was cut off, and
for fome days his Life was in great danger ; the Mifcarriage of
the Defign heightening the Fever that followed his Wound, by

the

42 4 ^^^ History oj the Reign

1705. vexation that it gave him. But now upon the news from Caia-
,hpp; — * loniat the Councils of Portugal were quite changed : They had
ciis or iv- a better profpect than lormerjy, of the Redu6lion o{' Spain: The
'"i"- War was now divided, which lay wholly upon them before: And
the French Party in that Court had no more the old pretence, to
excufe their Councils by, which was, that it was not fit for them
to engage themfelves too deep in that War, nor to provoke the
Spaniards too much, and fo expofe themfelves to Revenges, if the
Allies fliould defpair and grow weary of the War, and recall'their
■v. . Troops and Fleets. But now that they faw the War carried on
fo far, in the remoteft corner of Spain^ which muft give a great
Diverfion to King Philips Forces, it feemed a much lafer, as well
as it was an eafier thing to carry on the War, with more Vigour
for the future. Upon this all pofiible AfTurances were given the
Earl of Gallway, that things (hould be conducted hereafter fully
to his content. So that by two of his Difpatches, which the Lord-
Treafurer fliewed me, it appeared that he was then fully con-
vinced of the Sincerity of their Intentions, of vi^hich he was in
great doubt, or rather defpairing formerly.
Affairs in In Hungary matters went on very doubtfully: Tranjyhania

ungary. ^^^ almoft entirely reduced ; Ragotzi had great Misfortunes there,
as the Court oi Vienna publifhed the Progrefs of the new Empe-
ror's Arms, but this was not to be much depended on : They
could not conceal on the other hand the great Ravages, that the
Malecontents made in other places: So that Hu?igary continued
to be a Scene of Confufion and Plunder.
AndinPo- Poland was no better: King Augujlus\ Party continued firm
''" ■ to him, tho' his long ftay in Saxofiy., gave credit to a Report

fpread about, that he was refolved to abandon that Kingdom,
and to return to it no more: This Summer pafl: over in Motions,
and Adions of no great confequence : what was gained in
one place, was loft in another. Stanijlaus got himfelf to be
crowned : The old Cardinal, tho' fummoned to Rome, would
not go thither: He fujffered himfelf to be forced to own Sta-
niJJauSj but died before his Coronation, and that Ceremony was
performed by the Bifhop of Cujavia : The Mufcovites made as
great ravages in Lithuania, as they had done formerly in Livo-
nia : The King of Swede?! was in perpetual motion : But tho' he
endeavoured it much, he could not bring things to a decifive
action. In the beginning of Winter, King Augujlus, with two
Perfons only, broke thro' Poland in difguife, and got to the Muf-
covite Army, which was put under his Command. The Cam-
paign went on all the W inter- feafon, which, confidering the ex-
tream Cold in thofe Parts, was thought a thing impradicable

before.

of Qiieeu Anne. 425

before. In the Spring after, Rein/child :i SwediJJj Gcn^rdXy fell i^dc.
upon the Saxon Army, that "was far fuperioiir to his in number: ^- — v — -'
Fie had not above loooo Men, and the Saxons were about
18000: He gave them a total Defeat, killed about 7000, and
took 8000 Prifoners, and their Camp, Baggage, and Artillery:
Numbers upon fuch Occafions are often fwelled, but it is certain
this was an entire Vi(9^ory : The Swedes gave it out, that they
had not loft a thoufand Men in theAdion; and yet even this great
advantage was not like to put an end to the War, nor to the
Diftradtions, into which that niiferable Kingdom was caft. In
it the World faw the Mifchiefs of an Eledtive Government, efpe-
cially when the Eledtors have loft their Virtue, and fet themfelves
to Ikle. The King of Sweden continued in an obftinate Avcrfion
to all Terms of Peace : His Temper, his Courage, and his mili-
tary Condudl were much commended; only all faid he grew too
favage, and was fb pofttive and peremptory in his Refolutions,
that no Applications could foften him : He would fcarce admit
them to be made: He was laid to be devout almoft to Enthu-
iiafm, and he was feverely engaged in the Lmtheran Rigidity,
almoft equally againft Papifts and Calvinifts: Only his Education
was fo much neglcded, that he had not an equal meafure of
Knowledge, to dired his Zeal. n-^-- >

This is fuch a general View of the State oi Europe this Sum-
mer, as may ferve to fhew how things went on in every Part of it.
1 now return to England. The Eledion of the Members of the A Pariia-
Houle of Commons was managed with Zeal and Induftry on m England.
both ftdes : The Clergy took great pains to infufe, into all Peo-
ple, tragical Apprehenfions of the Danger the Church was in :
The Univeriities were inflamed with this, and they took all means
to fpread it over the Nation, with much Vehemence: The
Danger the Church of Englaftd was in, grew to be as the Word
given in an Army; Men were known as they anfwered it: None
carried this higher than the [acobites, tho' they had made a
Schifm in the Church : At laft, even the Papifts, both at home
and abroad, feemed to be difturbed, with the Fears that the
Danger our Church was in, put them under: and this was fup-
ported by the Paris Gazette, tho' the Party feemed concerned
and afliamed of that. Books were writ and difperfed over the
Nation with great Induftry, to poflefs all People with the Ap-
prehenfions that the Church was to be given up, that the Bi-
(hops were betraying it, and that the Court would fell it to the
Diflenters. They alfo hoped, that this Campaign, proving lefs
profperous than had been expefted, might put the Nation into
ill humour, which might furnifh them with fome Advantages. I9
Vol. II. , 5 Q^ oppo-

416 The History of the Reign

1 70 c. oppodtion to all this, the Court aded with fuch caution and
'— -v — -> coldnefs, that the Whigs had very little Strength given them by
the Minifters, in managing Elections : They feemed rather to
look on, as indifferent Spedlators, but the Whigs exerted them-
felves with great Activity and Zeal. The Diflenters, who had
been formerly much divided, were now united, entirely in the
Interefts of the Government, and joined with the Whigs every
where.

When the Elections were all over, the Court tookmor? heart:
for it appeared, that they were fure of a great Majority, and the
Lord Godolphin declared himfelf more openly, than he had done
formerly, in favour of the Whigs : The iirft inftance given of
this, was the difmiffing of Wright^ vv^ho had continued fo long
Lord-Keeper, that he was fallen under a high degree of Con-
tempt with all fides ; even the Tories, tho' he was wholly theirs,
defpifing him : He was fordidly covetous, and did not at all live
fuitably to that High Poft : He became extream rich, yet I ne-
ver heard him charged with Bribery in his Court, but there was
a foul Rumour, with relation to the Livings of the Crown, that
were given by the Great Seal, as if they were fet to fale, by the
Officers under him.
c<m:pcr Thc Scals being fent for, they were given to Cowper^ a Gentle-

Kee'^er ^^^'^^ ^^ ^ good Family, of excellent Parts and of an engaging
Deportment, very eminent in his Profeffion ; and who had for
many years been confidered, as the Man who fpoke the befl: of
any in the Houfe of Commons : He was a very acceptable Man
to the Whig Party : They had been much difgufled with the
Lord-Treafurer, for the Coldnefs he exprelled, as if he would
have maintained a Neutrality between the two Parties ; tho' the
one fupported him, while the other defigned to ruin him : But
this Step went a great way towards the reconciling the Whigs
to him.

A Seflion of Parliament met this Summer in Scotland : There
was a Change made in the Miniftry there: Thofe who v/ere em-
ployed in the former Seflion, could not undertake to carry a Ma-
jority : So all the Duke of ^ueenshury\ Friends were again
brought into Employment. The Duke o^ Argyh\ Inflrudlions
were, that he fhould endeavour to procure an A(5t, fettling the
Succeflion as it was in England, or to fet on foot a Treaty for
the Union of the two Kingdoms : When he came to Scotland^
and laid his Inftrudions before the reft of the Minifters there ;
the Marquifs oi Anandale prelled, that they fhould iirft try that,
which was iirft named in the Inftrudiions, and he feemed confident,
that if all who were in Imployments would concur in it, they fhould

be

of Queen Anne.

be able to carry it. Thofe of another mind, who were in their
hearts for the Pretended Prince of Wales^ put this by with great
Zeal : They faid they muft not begin with that, which would
meet with great Oppofition, and be perhaps rejeded : That
would beget fuch an Union of Parties, that if they mifcarried in
the one, they would not be able to carry the other ; therefore
they thought, that the lirft Propofition fhould be for the Union :
that was popular, and feemed to be a remote thing; fo there
would be no great Oppofition made to a general Ad: about it.
Thofe who intended ftill to oppofe it, would reckon they would
find matter enough in the Particulars, to raife a great Oppofition,
and fo to defeat it. This courfe was agreed on, at which the Mar-
quels oi Anajidah was fo highly offended, that he concurred no ^nA<5ifor
more in the Councils of thofe, who gave the other Advice. Some UnfonpSt.
did fincerely defire the Union, as that which would render the
whole Ifland happy : others were in their Hearts againft it ; they
thought it was a plaufible ftep, which they believed would run,
by a long Treaty, into a courfe of fome years ; that during that
time, they would be continued in their Imploymcnts, and they
leemed to think it was impoffible fo to adjuft all Matters, as to
frame fuch a Treaty, as would pafs in the Parliaments of both
Kingdoms. The Jacobites concurred all heartily in this : It kept
the fettling the Succeffion at a diftance, and very few looked on
the Motion for the Union, as anything but a Pretence, to keep Mat-
ters yet longer in fufpence : So this being propofed in Parliament,
it was foon and readily agreed to, with little or no Oppofition.
But that being over. Complaints were made of the Ads pafled,
in the Parliament of £«^/<2W; which carried fuch an appearance
of Threatning, that many thought it became them not to enter
on a Treaty, till thefe fhould be repealed. It was carried, but
not without difficulty, that no Claufe relating to that fhould be in
the Ad, that empowered the Queen to name the Commiffioners ;
but that an Addrefs fhould be made to the Queen, praying her
that no Proceedings fhould be made in the Treaty, till the Ad,
that declared the Scotch Aliens by fuch a Day, fhould be re-
pealed: They alfo voted, that none of that Nation fbould enter
upon any fuch Treaty, till that were firft done. This was po-
pular, and no Oppofition was made to it : But thofe who had ill
Intentions, hoped that all would be defeated by it. The Seffion
run out into a great length, and in the Harveft-time, which put
the Country to a great Charge.

In Ireland^ the new Heat among the Proteftants there, raifed The State of
in the Earl of Rochefier\ time, and connived at, if not encouraged '"'''""'•
by the Duke of Ormonde went on ftill: A Body of hot Clergy-
men

4^8 The History of the Reign

1 70 c. men fent from England^ began to form Meetings in Dubli?t^ and
^— — V""— ' to have Emiffaries and a Correfpondence over Ireland^ on defign
to raife the fame Fury in the Clergy of that Kingdom againft the
Diffenters, that they had raifed here in England'. Whether this
was only the eiled; of an unthinking and ill- governed heat a-
mong them, or if it was let on by foreign Praftices, was not yet
vilible. It did certainly ferve their ends, fo that it was not to be
doubted, that they were not wanting in their Endeavours to keep
it up, and to promote it, whether they were the original Con-
trivers of it or not ; for indeed hot Men, not pradifed in Afikirs,
are apt enough of their own accord, to run into wild and unrea-
fonable Extravagances.
A Pallia- The Parliament of England met in the end of OBober : The
E;;^W- fi^^ Struggle was about the choice of a Speaker, by which a
Judgment was to be made of the Temper and Inclinations of the
Members. The Court declared for Mr. Smith : He was a Man
of clear Parts, and of a good Expreffion; He was then in no Em-
ployment, but he had gone thro' great Polls in the former Reign,
A Speaker 'With Reputation and Honour. He had been a Commiffioner of
chofen. xhc Trcalury and Chancellor of the Exchequer : He had, from his
firft fetting out into the World, been thoroughly in the Principles
and Interefts of the Whigs, yet with a due Temper in all perfo-
nal things, with relation to the Tories : But they all declared a-
gainfl him iovMx. Bromley, a Man of a grave Deportment, and
good Morals, but looked on as a violent Tory, and as a great Fa-
vourer of Jacobites; which appeared evidently in a Relation he
printed of his Travels. No Matter of that fort had ever been car-
ried with fuch a Heat on both lides, as this was : So that it was
juft to form a Judgment upon it of the Temper of the Houfe, it
went for Mr. S?nith by a Majority of four a>id forty.

The Qiieen, after fhe had confirmed this choice, made a Speech,
in which fhe recommended Union to them, in a very particular man-
ner: She complained of the Reports, that were fpread by ill-de-
ligning Men, of the Danger the Church was in, who under thele
Infinuations covered that, which they durft not own : She recom-
n^tendcd the Care of the publick Supplies to the Commons, and
fpoke of the Duke o^ Savoy in. high and very obliging Terms.
This produced Addrelles from both Houfes, in which they ex-
prefled a Deteftation of thofe Practices, of infufing into her Sub-
jeds groundlefs Fears, concerning the Church : This went eafily,
for fome kept out of the way, from whom it was expelled, that
they would afterwards open more copioully on the Subjed. The
Chairmen of the leveral Committees of the Houfe of Commons,
were Men of whom the Court was well afiured.

The

of Queen Anne. 429

The firft Matter, with which they commonly begin, is to receive 1705.
Petitions againft the Members returned, fo that gave a further ^—"^ ■
difcovery of the Inclinations of the Majority : The Corruption of
the Nation was grown to fuch a height, and there was fo much
foul pradice on all hands, that there was, no doubt, great caufe
of complaint. The firft Eledion that was judged, was that of
St. Albaiis^ where the Dutchefs o{ Marlborough had a Houfe: She
recommended Admiral Killigrew to thofe in the Town ; which
was done all England over, by Perfons of Quality, who had any
Intereft in the Burghers : yet, tho' much foul pradtice was proved
on the other hand, and there was not the leaft colour of Evidence,
to fix any ill practice on her, fome refleded very indecently upon
her: Bromley compared her to Alice Piersy in K\ng Edward the
Third's time, and faid many other virulent things againft her; for
indeed flie was lool.ed upon, by the whole Party, as the Perfon
who had reconciled the Whigs to the Queen, from whom fhe
was naturally very averfe. Moft of the controverted Ele<5tions
were carried in favour of the Whigs : In fome few they failed,
more by reafon of private Animofities, than by the Strength of
the other fide. The Houle of Commons came readily in to vote
all the Supplies that were asked, and v/ent on to provide proper
Funds for them.

The moft important Debates that were in this Sefiion, began
in the Houfe of Lords; the Queen being prefent at them all.
The Lord Haverjham opened the Motions of the Tory fide : He
arraigned the Duke of Marlborough\ Condudl, both on the Mo-
Jelle and in Brabant^ and refleded fcverely on the Dutchy which
he carried fo far as .to fay, that the War coft them nothing ; and
after he had wandered long in a rambling Difcourfe, he came at
laft to the Point which, was laid, to be the Debate of the Day : Debates a-
He faid we had declared a Succeflbr to the Crown, who was at nm Suc-
a great diftance from us : While the Pretender was much nearer; '^^^°''-
and Scotland was armed and ready to receive him ; and feemed
refolved not to have the fame SuccelTor, for whom England had
declared: Thefe were threatning Dangers that hung over us, and
might be near us. He concluded, that he did not fee how they
could be prevented, and the Nation made fafe, by any other way,
but by inviting the next Succefibr to come and live among us. The
DmVqo^ Buckingham-, the Earls o^ Rochejler^ Nottingham^ and An-
glefey carried on the Debate, with great Earneftnefs : It was urged,
that they had fworn to maintain the Succeffion, and by that they
were bound to infift on this Motion, fincc there was no means fo
fure to maintain it, as to have the Succefibr upon the Place, ready
to affume and maintain his Right : It appeared, thro' our

Vol. II. 5 R whole

4. 3 o The H i s t o r y of the Reign

, -oq. whole Hiftory, that whofoever came iirfl; into England^ had al-
ways carried it: The pretending SuccelTor might be in England
within three Days, whereas it might be three Weeks beiore the
declared Succeffor could come : From thence it was inferred, that
the Danger was apparent and dreadful, \i the SiiccefTor fhould not
be brought over: If King Charles had been in Spain, when the
late King died, probably that would have prevented all this War,
in which we were now engaged. With thefe Lords, by a ftrange
reverfe, all the Tories joined ; and by another, and as ftrange a re-
verfe, all the Whigs joined in oppofing it. They thought this mat-
ter was to be left wholly to the Queen; that it was neither proper
nor fafe either for the Crown, or for the Nation, that the Heir
fliould not be in an entire Dependance on the Queen ; a Rivalry
between two Courts might throw us into great Diftradions, and
be attended with very ill Confequences : The next Succeffor had
expreffed a full Satisfadion, and refted on the Affurances the
Queen had given her, of her firm adherence to her Title, and to
the maintaining of it : The Nation was prepared for it, by the
Orders the Queen had given to name Her in the daily Prayers of
the Church : great Endeavours had been ufed, to bring the Scotch
Nation to declare the fame Succeflbr. It was true, we ftill want-
ed one great Security, we had not yet made any Provifion, for
carrying on the Government, for maintaining the pubiick Quiet,
for proclaiming and fending for the Succeffor ; and for keeping
things in order, till the Succeffor fliould come: It feemed there-
fore neceffary, to make an effedual Provifion againft the Difor-
ders, that might happen in fuch an Interval. This was propofed
firft by myfelf, and it was feconded by the Lord Godolphiny and
all the Whigs went into it; and fo the Queftion was put upon the
other Motion, as firft made, by a previous Divifion, whether that
fhould be put or not, and was carried in the negative by about
three to one.

The Queen heard the Debate, and feemed amazed at the Be-
haviour of fome, who when they had Credit with her, and ap-
prehended that fuch a Motion might be made by the Whigs, had
poflefled her with deep Prejudices againft it: For they made her
apprehend, that when the next Succeffor fhould be brought over,
fhc herfelf would be fo eclipfed by it, that fhe would be much
in the Succeflbr's power, and reign only at her or his Courtefy :
Yet thefe very Perfons, having now loft their Intereft in her, and
their Pofts, were driving on that very Motion, which they had
made her apprehend was the moft fatal thing that could befall.
This the Dutchefs of Marlborough told me, but fhe named no
Perfon: And upon it a very black Sufpicion was taken up, by

fbme,

cf Qiiecn Anne. 431

jlbme, that the Propofcrs of this matter knew or at leaft believed, 1705,
that the Queen would not agree to the Motion, which way focver *- — • — -^
it might be brought to her; whether in an Addrefs, or in a Bill ;
and then they might reckon, that this would give fiich a Jealoufy,
and create fucli a Mifunderrtandino; between Her and the Parlia-
mcnt, or rather the whole Nation, as would unfcttje her whole
Government, and put all things in diforder. But this was only
a Sufpicion, and more cannot be made of it.

The Lords were now ensajred to ^o on in the Debate for a Re- a Riii for a
gency : It was opened by the Lord PFharton in a manner, that '^^seucy.
charmed the whole Houfe : He had not been prefent at the former
Debate, but he faid he was much delighted, with what he had
heard concerning it ; he faid, he had ever looked on the lecuring
a Proteftant Succeffion to the Crown, as that which fecured all
our Happinefs: He had heard the Queen recommend from the
Throne, Union and Agreement to all her Subjects, with a great
Emotion in his own Mind : It was now evident, there w-is a Di-
vinity about her, when fhe fpoke; the Caufe was certainly fuper-
natural, for we faw the Miracle that was wrought by it ; now
all were for the Proteftant Succeflion; it had not been always fo:
He rejoiced in their Converfion, and confefled it was a Miracle :
He would not, he could not, he ought not to fufped: the Sincerity
ofthofe, who moved for inviting the next Succeflbr over; yet he 1

could not hinder himfelf from remembring what had pafled, in a
courfe of many Years ; and how Men had argued, voted and pro-
tefted all that while. This confirmed his Opinion that a Miracle
was now wrought ; and that might oblige fome to fhew their
change, by an excefs of Zeal, which he could not but commend,
tho' he did not fully agree to it. After this Preamble, he opened
the Propofition for the Regency, in all the branches of it; That
Regents fhould be empower'd to ad, inthenameof the Succeflbr,
till he fliould fend over Orders : That befides thofe, whom the
Parliament fliould name, the next Succeflbr fliould fend over a
Nomination fealed up, and to be opened, when that Accident
fliould happen, of Perfbns who fliould adl in the fame capacity,
with thofe who fliould be named by Parliament : So the Motion
being thus digefted, was agreed to by all the Whigs, and a Bill
was ordered to be brought in, purfuant to thefe Propofitions.
But upon the Debate on the Heads of the Bill, it did appear that '^ '■'' "*
the Converfion, which the Lord Wharton had fo pleafantly mag-
nified, was not fo entire as he feeraed to fuppbfe: There was
fome caufe given to doubt of the Miracle ; for when a Security,
that was real and vifible, was thus offered, thofe who made the
other Motion, ftew off from it. They pretended, that it was, be-
■'^^' caufe

43 2. The History oj\ the Reign

1 705. caiife they could notgo ofF from their firfl: Motion ; but they were
*— -V- — ' told, that the immediate Succeffor might indeed, during her Life,
continue mEnglajid^ yet it was not to be fuppofed, that her Son the
Elector could be always abfent from his own Dominions, and throw
off all care of them, and of the Concerns of the Empire, in which
He bore fo great a fhare. If he fhould go over, for ever fo fhort a
time, the Accident might happen, in which it v/as certainly ne-
' ceflary to provide fuch an Expedient, as was now offered. This
laid them open to much Cenfure, but Men engaged in Parties are
• •. ,. not eafily put out of countenance. It was refolved, that the Re-
gents fhould be feven and no more ; and they v/ere fixed by the
Ports they were in : The Archbifhop of Canterbury, the Lord
Keeper, the Lord Treafurer, Lord Prejident, Lord Privy Seal,
Lord High Admiral, and the Lord Chief Jujiice for the time
being, were named for that high Truft. The Tories ftruggled
hard, that the Lord Tr^^/^r^r fhould not be one, oijly to /hew their
Spite to the Lord Godolphin, but the Motion was rejected with fcorn;
for it feemed ridiculous, in a time, when there might be much oc-
cafion for Mony, to exclude an Officer from that high Truft, who
alone could furnifh them with it, or direft them how to be fur-
nifhed. The Tories moved, that the Lord Mayor of London
fliould be one, but that was likewife rejeded : for the Defign of
the A(fl: was, that the Government fhould be carried on, by thofe
who fhould be at that time in the condudl and fecret of Affairs,
and were Perfons nominated by the Queen ; whereas the Lord
Mayor was chofen by the City, and had no pradice in bufinefs.
" Thefe Regents were required to proclaim the next Succeffor, and
to give Orders for the lil<.e Proclamation over England and Ire-
land : The next Succeffor might fend a Triplicate of the Perfons,
named by Her or Him ; One of thcfe was to be depofited with
the Archbifhop oi Canterbury, another with the Lord Keeper, and
a third with his own Minifter, refiding at this Court ; upon the
producing whereof, the Perfons nominated were to join with the
Regents, and to adt in equality with them : The laft Parliament,
eten tho' diffolved, was to be prefently brought together, and
empower'd to continue fitting for fix Months ; and thus things
were to be kept in order, till the Succeffor fhould either come in
Perfon, or fend over his Orders.
Great Op- The Torics made fome oppofition to every Branch of the A<fl,
poikion j^yj. \^ ^]-|jj(. Qf |-j^g Parliament's fitting, the Oppofition was more
remarkable: The Earl o^ Rochejler moved, that the Parliament
and the Regents fhould be limited, to pafs no Adl of Repeal, of
any part of the Adl of Uniformity, and in his pofitive way faid,
if this was not agreed to, he fhould ftill think the Church was in
r.^ danger,

of Queen Anne. 435

(danger, notvvithftanding what they liad heard from the TJirone, 1705.
in tlie beginning of the Sefllon. It was objedled to this, that if
the Regal Power was in the Regents, and if the ParHament was
likewife a legal one, then by the Conftitution the whole Legif-
lature was in them, and that could not be limited : for they could
repeal any Law that limited them ; but the Judges were of opi-
nion, that the Power of Regents might be limited : fo that, as the
dcfign of moving this might be, to have a new colour to poflefs the
Clergy, that there was a fecret Defign againft the Church, which
might break out at fuch a time, the Lords gave way to it, tho'
they thought it unreafonable, and propofed with no good Defign.
The Tories, upon the yielding this to them, propofed a great
many more Limitations, fuch as the reftraining the Regents
from confcnting to a Repeal of the A6t for Triennial Parliaments,
the Ads for Trials in Cafes of Treafon, and fome others: and fo
extravagant were they, in their Defign of making the Adt appear
ridiculous, that they propofed as a Limitation, that they Ihould not
have Power to repeal the Ads of Succeflion : All thcfe were re-
jeded with Scorn and Indignation ; the Lords feeingby this their
Error in yielding to that, propofed by the Earl of Rochefier.
The Bill pafled in the Houfe of Lords, but the Tories protefled

agamft it.

I never knew any thing, in the management of the Tories, by
which they fuffercd more in their Reputation, than by this: They
hoped, that the Motion for the Invitation would have cleared
them of all Sufpicions, of Inclinations towards the Prince oifVales,
and would have reconciled the Body of the Nation to them, and T

turned them againft all, who fhould oppofe it : But the Progrefs
of the Matter produced a contrary effed : The Management was
fo ill difguifed, that it wasvifible they intended only to provoke ^^

the Qiieen by it, hoping that the Provocation might go fo far, _J
that in the Sequel all their Defigns might be brought about, tho'
by a method that ieemed quite contrary to them, and deftrudtive
of them.

The Bill lay long in the Houfe of Commons, by a fecret Ma- a fecret
nagement, that was againft it : The Tories there likewife propofed, 'Manage-
that the next Succeflbr fhould be brought over ; which was oppofed Houfe of
by the Whigs, not by any Vote againft it, but by refolving to go
thro' the Lords Bill firft : The lecret Management was from
Hanover. Some indigent Perfons, and others imployed by the
Tories, had ftudied to infufe Jealoufies of the Queen and Her Mi- „tO *f>T
nifters, into the oXAEleBorefs. She was then Seventy-five ; but had
ftill fo much Vivacity, that as fhe was the moft knowing, and the
,inoft entertaining Woman of the Age, fo fhe feemed willing to

Vol. II. 5 S change

434 '^^^ History of the Reign

.1 705. change her Scene, and to come and fhine among us here in Encr-
^'^-'X""-' land', they prevailed with Her to write a Letter to the Archbifhop
o£ Canterbury, intimating Her readinefs to come over, if the Qiieen
and ParHament fhould defire it : This was made puUick by the
intriguing Perfqns in that Court: And a colour was foon found,
to keep fome Whigs from agreeing to the Aft. In the Ad: that
firft fettled the Succeffion, One Limitation (as was told in its
proper place) had been, that when the Crown fhould pafs into that
Houle, no Man who had either Place or Penlion fhould be capa-
ble of fitting in the Houfe of Commons : The Claufe in this Bill,
that empowered either the Parliament, that flioiild be current at
the Queen's Death, or that which had fate laft (tho' dilTolved)
to fit for fix Months, or till the Succelfor fliould diflblve it, feemed
contrary to this incapacitating Claufe, in the former Ad. Great
Exceptions were taken to this by fome zealous Whigs, who were
fb pofleffed with the Notion of a felf-denying Bill, as necellary
to preferve Publick Liberty, from the Pradiccs of a defigning
Court, that for fome Weeks there was caufe to fear, not only the
lofs of the Bill, but a Breach among the Whigs upon this head :
Much Pains were taken, and with very good effed, to heal this:
It was at laft fettled ; a great many Offices were enumerated, and
it was declared that every Man, who held any of thefe, was thereby
incapacitated from fitting in the Houfe of Commons ; and every
Member of the Houfe, who did accept of any other Office, was
upon that excluded the Houfe, and a new Writ was to go out,
to thofe whom he reprefented, to choofe again; but it was left
The Aa of free to them to choofe him, or any other as they pleafed. It was
theRegency ^^^^^^^ ^ ^j^of^^ ^^io prcfTed this Matter moft, that it fhould
take place only in the next Reign : But to remove all Jealoufy,
the Minifters were content, that thefe Claufes fhould take place
immediately, upon the Diflblution of the prefent Parliament. And
when the Houfe of Commons fent up thefe felf-denying Claufes
to the Lords, they added to them a Repeal of that Claufe, in
the firft Ad of Succeffion, by which the fucceeding Princes
were limited to govern by the Advice of their Council, and by
which all the Privy-Counfellors were to be obliged to fign their
1 Advices ; which was impradicable, fince it was vifible that no

"^^ Man would be a Privy-Counfellor on thofe Terms : The Lords
added the Repeal of this Claufe, to the Amendments fent up by
the Commons; and the Commons readily agreed to it.
The Dan- After this Ad had palled, the Lord Halifax remem bring what
ChTirci 1*'^- ^^^ •^^'^^ ^^ Rochefier had faid, concerning the Danger the Cliurch
quiied ijKo. might be in, moved that a Day might be appointed, to enquire
into thofe Dangers, about which fo many tragical Stories had been

publiflied

of QjieeiJ Anne. 435

publiflied of late: A Day was appointed for diis, and we were 1705.
all made believe, that wc lliould hear many frightful things : But
our Expedafions were not anfwered : fome fpoke of Danger from
the Presbytery, that was fettled in Scotland : Some fpoke of the
Abfencc of the next Succeflbr : Some relleded on the Occafional
Bill, that was rejeded in that Houfe: Some complained of the
Schools of the Diflenters : And others refledlcd on the Principles,
that many had drank in, that were different from thofe formerly
received, and that fcemed deftrudlive of the Church.

Inopppiition to all this, it was faid, that the Church was fafer
now, than ever it had been : At the Revolution, Provifion was
made, that our King mull be of the Reformed Religion, nor was
this all; in the late AA of Succeffion it was enaded, that he fhould
be of the Communion of the Church of England : It was not
reafonable to objed to the Houfe the rejeding a Bill, which was
done by the Majority, of whom it became not the lefler number
to complain : We had all our former Laws left to us, not only
entire, but fortified by late Additions and Explanations : So that
we were fafer in all thefe, than we had been at any time formerly :
The Diffenters gained no new Strength, they were vifibly de-
creafing : The Toleration had Ibftened their Ternpers, and they
concurred zealoufly in ferving all the Ends of the Government : Nor
was there any particular Complaint brpught againft them : They
feemed quiet and content with their Toleration ; if they could be
but fecure of enjoying it : The Queen was taking the moft ef-
fedual means poffible, to deliver the Clergy from the Deprefllons
of Poverty, that brought them under much Contempt, and de-
nied them the neceflary means and helps of Study : The Bifhops
looked after their Dioceles with a care, that had not been known
in the Memory of Man : Great Sums were yearly raifed, by their
care and zeal, for ferving the Plantations, better than had ever yet
been done : A Spirit of Zeal and Piety appeared in our Churches,
and at Sacrament beyond the example of former Times. In one
relped it was acknowledged the Church was in danger ; there was
an evil Spirit and a virulent Temper fpread among the Clergy ;
there \y?rc many indecent Sermons preached on pubHck Occa-
fions, and thofe hot Clergy-men, who were not the moft regu-
lar in their Lives, had raifed Fadions in many Diocefes againft
their Bifhops : Thefe were Dangers created by thofe very Men,
who filled the Nation with this Out-cry, againft imaginary
ones, while their own Condud produced real and threatning
Dangers. Many fevere Refledions were thrown out on both fides,

in the Progrefs of this Debate.

It

i

4-^6 I be History of the Reign

1705. It ended in a Vote carried by a great Majority : That the
*— p/ — ^ Church of England^ under the Queen's happy Adminiftration,
aiVAcididi was in a fafe and flourifliing condition; and to this a fevere Cen-
aboSar"^"^^ was added, on the Spreaders of thefe Reports of Dangers;

that they were the Enemies of the Queen and of Her Government.
They alfo refolved to make an Addrefs to the Queen, in which,
after this was fet forth, they prayed Her to order a Profecution,
according to Law, of all who fhould be found guilty of this Of-
fence : They fent this down to the Houfe of Commons, where
the Debate was brought over again, but it was run down with
great force : The Commons agreed with the Lords, and both
Houfes went together to the Queen with this Addrefs. Such a
Concurrence of both Houfo had not been kQ:n for fome Years ;
And indeed there was in both fo great a Majority, for carrying on
all the Interefts of the Government ; that the Men of ill Inten-
tions had no hopes, during the whole SefHon, of embroiling Mat-
ters, but in the Debates concerning the felf-denying Claufe a-
bovementioned.

1706. But tho' the main Defigns and Hopes of the Party had thus
^: — ^~— ' not only failed them, but turned againft them ; yet they refolved
oAhe Mies to make another attempt: It was on the Duke q>{ Marlborough •,
rejedted. ^^ ^^^ fpokc of him With great refped. They complained of

the Errors committed this Year, in the Condudl of the War : They
indeed laid the blame, of the Mifcarriage of the Defign en the
Mofelle^ on the Prince of Baden, and the Errors committed in
Brabant, on the States and their Deputies; but they faid they
could not judge of thefe things, nor be able to lay before the
Queen thofe Advices, that might be fit for them to ofFer to Her,
unlefs they were made acquainted with the whole Series of thofc
Affairs : therefore they propofed, that by an Addrefs, they might
pray the Queen to communicate to them, all that fhe knew con-
cerning thofe Tranfadions, during the laft Campaign: for they
reckoned, that if all particulars fhould be laid before them, they
would find fomewhat intheDuke of M-^r/^fjroz^^^'sCondud:, on
which a Ccnfure might be fixed. To this it was anfwered, that
if any Complaint was brought, againft any of the Queen's Sub-
jefts, it would be reafonable for them to enquire into it, by all
proper ways: but the Houfe of Lords could not pretend to exa-
mine or to cenfure the Condud of the Queen's Allies : they were
not fubjed to them, nor could they be heard to juftify them-
felves: and it was fomewhat extraordinary, if they fiiould pafs a
Cenfure or make a Complaint of them. It was one of theTrufts
that was lodged with the Government, to manage all Treaties

and

of Queen Anne. ^ 437

and Alliances: So that our Commerce with our Allies was wholly j yo6.
in the Crown : Allies might fometimcs fail, being not able to *-— ,r— '
perform what they undertook: They are fubjedl both to Errors and
Accidents, and are fomctimes ill-ferved : The entring into that
Matter was not at all proper for the Houfe, unlefs it was intended
to iiin into rafh and indifcreet Ccnfures, on defign to provoke the
Allies, and by that means to weaken, if not break the Alliance:
The Queen would no doubt endeavour to rcdrefs whatfoever was
amifs, and that muft be trufted to hcrCondudt.

So this Attempt not only failed, but it happened upon this, as
upon other occafions, that it was turned againft thole who made
it : An Addrefs was made to the Queen, praying Her to go on
in her Alliances, and in particular to cultivate a pcrfedt Union
and Correfpondence, with the States of the United Provinces : This
had a very good etfedl mHollandt for the Agents of i7"^;7c^ were,
at the fame time, both fpreading Reports among us, that the Dutch
were inclined to a Peace; and among them, that xhcEngliJh had
very unkind Thoughts of them : The defign was, to alienate us
from one another, thatfo both might be thereby the better difpo-
fed to hearken to a Projedt of Peace; which in the ftate, in which
Matters were at that time, was the moft deftrudlive thing that
could be thought on : And all Motions that look'd that way,
gave very evident Difcoveries of the bad Intentions of thofe, who
made them.

The next Bufinefs, of a Publick Nature, that came before the The Aa^«
Parliament, was carried very unanimoufly: The Queen laid be- IhsscJs^
fore thetwo Houfesthe Addreffcs o[ the Scotch Parliament, againft repealed.
any Progrefs in the Treaty of Union, till the Ad, which declared
them Aliens by fuch a Day, fhould be repealed : The Tories,
upon this occafion, to make themfelves popular, after they had
failed in many Attempts, refolved to promote this ; apprehend-
ing that the Whigs, who had firft moved for that A61, would be
for maintaining their own Work : but they feemed to be much
furprized, when after they had prefaced their Motions in this
matter, with fuch Declarations of their Intentions for the publick
Good, that fhewed they expeded Oppofition and a Debate, the
Whigs not only agreed to this, but carried the Motion further, to
the other AS: relating to their Manufadure and Trade. This
pafled very unanimoufly in both Houfes; and by this means way
was made, for opening a Treaty, as foon as the Seffion fhould.
come to an end. All the Northern Parts of England, which had
been difturbed for fome years, with Apprehenflons of a War with
Scotland, that would certainly be mifchievous to them, what-

Vo L. II. 5 T foever

43 8 The Wi^toky of the Retgn

1706. foever the End of it might prove, were much delighted with the
'— "v — ' profpedl of Peace and Union with their Neighbours.

. Thefe were the mofi: important Debates during this Seflion; at
all which the Queen was prefent : She ftaid all the while, and
hearkned to every thing with great Attention. The Debates were
managed on the one lide, by the Lords Godolph'm^ Wharton^
Sommers^ Halifax^ Sunderland^ and To'wnjhendj on the other
fide by the Duke of Buckifigham, and the Lords Rochejier, Not-
tingham, Anglefey, Gtiernjey, and HaverJJjam. There was fo
much Strength and Clearnefs on the one fide, and fo much Heat
and Artifice on the other, that nothing but obfiinate Partiality
could refift ^o evident a Convidlion.

The Houfe of Commons went on in creating Funds, for the
ac^dK^'verf Supplies they had voted, for the next year : And the Nation was
^'gi^- fo well fatisfied with the Government, and the Conduft of Af-

fairs, that a Fund being created for Two Millions and a half, by
way of Annuities for Ninety-nine Years, at Six and a hcdf per
Ce?it. at the end of which the Capital was to fink ; the whole
Sum was fubfcribed, in a very few days : At the fame time the
Duke ofM:///^oroz/g-y6propofed the Advance ofa Sum of 500,000/.
to the Emperor, for the ufe of Prince Eugene, and the Service of
Italy, upon a Branch of the Emperor's Revenue in Silejia, at
Eight Z)^/" Cent, and the Capital to be repaid in eight Years: The
Nation did fo abound, both in Money and Zeal, that this was
likewife advanced in a very few days: Our Armies, as well as
our AlHes, were every where pundually paid: The Credit of the
•' Nation was never raifed fo high in any Age, nor fo facredly main-

tained : The Treafury was as exa6l and as regular in all Pay-
ments, as any private Banker could be. It is true, a great deal of
Money went out of the Kingdom in Specie: That which main-
tained the War in Spain, was to be fent thither in that manner,
the way by Bills of Exchange not being yet opened : Our Trade
with Spain and the IFeJl-Indies, which formerly brought us great
Returns of Money, was now ftopt : by this means there grew to
be a fenGble Want of Money over the Nation : This was in a great
meafure fupplied, by the Currency of Exchequer-Bills and Bank-
Notes : And this lay fo obvious to the difaffeded Party, that they
v\ ere often attempting to blaft, at leaft to difparage this Paper
Credit : But it was fiill kept up. It bred a juft Indignation in all,
who had a true Love to their Country, to fee fome ufing all pof-
fible methods to fiiake the Adminiftration, which, notwithftand-
ing the Difficulties at home and abroad, was much the beft that
had been in the memory of Man : And was certainly not only

eafy

cf Qj-iecn Anne- 439

eafy to the Subjeds in general, but gentle even towards thofe, i yo6.
wlio were endeavouring to undermine it. v_— -v— ;

The Lord Somfners made a Motion in the Honfe of Lords, to ABiiirorc-
corredfomeof the Proceedings in the Common Law, and in Chan^ Sn-"ac
eery, that were both dilatory and very chargeable: He began the Law. "
Motion with fome Inftances, that were mote confpicuous and
grofs; and he managed the Matter To, that both the Lord Keeper
and fudges concurred with him; tho' it pafTcs generally for a
Maxim, that Judges ought rather to enlarge, than contrad: their
Jurifdidlion. A Bill pafled the Houfc, that began a Reformation
of Proceedings at Law, which, as Things now lland, are certainly
among the greatcft Grievances of the Nation: When this went thro'
the Houfe of Commons, itwasvifible that the Intereft of Under-Of-
ficers. Clerks, and Attorneys, whofe Gains were to be leflened by
this Bill, was more confidered, than the Intereft of the Nation it
felf: Several Claufes, how beneficial foever to the Subject, which
touched on their Profit, were left out by the Comrr^ons. But
what Fault foever the Lords might have found with thefe Altera-
tions, yet to avoid all Dilputes with the Commons, they agreed
to their Amendments.

There was another general Complaint made of the private Adls
of Parhament, that pafled thro' both Houfes too eafily, and in
fo great a number, that it took up a great part of the Seflion to
examine them, even in that curfory way, that was fubjedl to
many Inconveniencies : The Fees that were paid for thefe, to the
Speakers and Clerks of both Houfes, inclined them to favour and
pron.Jte them : So the Lord So77t7?iers propofed fucha Regulation
in that matter, as will probably have a good effed for the future.
The prefent Lord Keeper did indeed very generoufly obftrudl
thofe Private Bills, as much as his Predeceffor had promoted them :
He did another thing of a great Example ; On the firft day of
the year, it was become a Cuftom, for all thofe who pradlifed in
Chancery^ to offer a New-year's Gift to the Lord, who had the
Great Seal: thefe grew to be fo confiderable, that they amounted
to 1500/. a year: On this New-year's day, which was his firft,
he fignified to all who, according to cuflom, were expeded to
come with their Prefents, that he would receive none, but would
break that cuflom. He thought it looked, like the infinuating
themfclves into the favour of the Court ; and that if it was not
Bribery, yet it came too near it, and looked too like it : This con-
tributed not a little to the raifing his Charafter : He managed the
Court of Chancery with impartial Juftice, and great Difpatch ;
and was very ufeful to the Houfe of Lords, in the promoting of
Bufinefs. .. c. -.

When

440 The History of the Reign

1706. When the Sefiion was near an end, great Complaints were
): — ^r~^ made in both Houfes of the Progrefs of Popery in Lancafljire. and

Complaincs . • 1 1 11 1 in

of the Pro- of many Infolencies committed there, both by the Laity and Priefts
pery.° ° of that Religion: Upon this a Bill was brought into the Houfe of
Commons, with Claufes that would have rendred the Bill, paft
againft Papifts in the End of the laft Reign, effedlual : This
alarm'd all of that Religion : fo that they made very powerful (or
to follow the Raillery of that Time) very weighty Intcrceffions
with the confiderable Men of that Houfe. The Court look'd
on, and feem'd indifferent in the Matter, yet it was given out that
fo fevere a Law would be very unreafonable ; when we were in
Alliance with fo many Princes of that Religion, and that it muft
leflen the Force of the Queen's Interceflion, in favour of the
Proteftants, that liv'd in the Dominions of thofe Princes : The
Proceeding feem'd rigorous, and not fuited to the Gentlenefs,
that the Chriftian Religion did fo particularly recommend, and
was contrary to the Maxims of Liberty of Confcience and Tole-
ration, that were then in great vogue. It was anfwered, that
the Dependance of thofe of that Religion, on a foreign Jurifdic-
tion, and at prefent on a foreign Pretender to the Crown, put
them out of the cafe of other Subjedls, who might differ from the
eftablifhed Religion ; fince there feemed to be good reafon to con-
lider them as Enemies, rather than as Subjedls. But the Applica-
tion was made in fo effectual a manner, that the Bill was let fall:
And tho' the Lords had made fome Steps towards fuch a Bill, yet
fmce they faw what Fate it was like to have in the Floufe of Com-
mons, inftead of proceeding farther in it, they difmiffed that
matter with an Addrefs to the Qiieen, that fhe would give Orders,
both to the Jurtices of Peace, and to the Clergy, that a Return
might be made to the next Se/Iion of Parliament, of all the Pa-
pifts in E?igland.
ADefignfot There was another Projed fet on foot at this time by the Lord
Li'J.'Jary';''' Halifax^ for putting the Records and the Publick Offices of the
Kingdom in better order: He had, in a former Seffion, moved
the Lords to fend fome of their number to view the Records in
the Tower, which were in great diforder, and in a vifible decay
for want of fome more Officers, and by the Negled of thofe we
had. Thefe Lords in their Report propofed fome Regulations for
the future, which have been lince followed fo effcAually, though
at a confiderable Charge, by creating feveral new Officers, that
the Nation will reap the Benefit of all this very fenfibly : But Lord
Halifax carried his Project much further. The famous Library,
colledled by Sir Robert Cotton, and continued down in his Family,
was the greateft Colledion of Manufcripts relating to the Publick,

that

of Queen Anne. 44 i

that perhaps any Nation in Europe could fhew: The late Owner 1706,
of it, Sir John Cotton^ liad, by his Will, left it to the Publick, ^— -v— j
but in fuch Words, that it was rather fhut up, than made
any way ufeful: And indeed it was to be fo carefully pre-,
ferved, that none could be the better for it: So that Lord moved
the Houfc to intreat the Queen, that fhe would be pleafcd to buy
Cotton-Houfe-i which flood juft between the two Houfcs of Par-
liament ; fo that fome part of that Ground would furnifli them
with many ufeful Rooms, and there would be enough left, for
building a noble Strudlure for a Library : To which, befides the
Cotton Library and the Queen's Library, the Royal Society, who
had a very good Library at GreJJjam College, would remove and
keep their Ailemblies there, as loon as it was made convenient for
them. This was a great Delign, which the Lord Halifax^ who fet
it firft on foot, feemed refolved to carry on till it were finished :
It will fet Learning again on foot among us, and be a great ho-
nour to the Queen's Reign.

Thus this Se/Iion of Parliament came to a very happy conclu-
fion : There was in it the bcft Harmony within both Houfes, and
between Them, as well as with the Crown, and it was the beft
applauded in the City of London^ over the whole Nation, and
indeed over all Europe^, of any SefHon that I had ever feen : And
when it was confidered, that this was the firft of the three, fo
that we were to have two other SefTions of the fame Members, it
gave an univerfal Satisfadion, both to our own People at home,
and our Allies abroad, and afforded a profpe<5l of a happy End,
that fhould be put to this devouring War, which in all probabi-
lity muft come to a period before the conclufion of the prefent ^
Parliament. This gave an unfpeakable Satisfaction to all who
loved their Country and their Religion, who now hoped that we
had in view a good and a fafe Peace.

The Convocation fate at the fame time ; it was chofen as the Proceedings
former had been, and the Members, that were ill-affedled, were ftill |," ^^"^'°-
prevailed on to come up, and to continue in an expcnfive but
ufelefs Attendance in Town. The Bifhops drew up an Addrefs
to the Queen, in which, as the two Houfes of Parliament had
done, they exprefTed a jufl Indignation at the Jealoufies, that had
been fpread about the Nation, of the Danger of the Church :
When this was communicated to the Lower Houfe, they refufed
to join in it, but would give no reafon for their Refufal : They
drew an Addrefs of their own, in which no notice was taken of
thefe Afperfions : The Bifhops, according to antient Precedents,
required them either to agree to their Addrefs, or to offer their
Objcftions againftitj they would do neitheri fothc Addrefs was

Vol. II. 5U let

cacion.

1706.

2 The H I s to R v^ ^ the R eign

let rf: ■ A-ha^^on'^'ftS'^, ,^i'ff^%iJs g-uf W'allTilrtlifer CofnftiuWij
J cation between the two'Ho'ufts. The: Lower Hotife, upon thisi'
went on in thei'r former prncHte of intermediate Seilions, in which"
they begdn to enter upon Blifinefs, to approve of fome Booki^
and to cenfure others ; and they refolved to proceed upon the fame
t^roundsj that fadious Men ai^bng them had before fet up, the*'
the Falfliood of'their Pretentions had been evidently made to ap-'
pear. The Archbifhop had prorogued them to the firft of March :
When that day came, the Lower Houfe was furprized with a
Proteftation, that was brbtrght to the Upper Houfe, by ai great-
part of their Body, who, being diflatisfied with the Proceedings
of the Majority, aiid diaring long ftruggled againft them, tho' in
vain, at laft drew up a Proteft'ation againft them: They fent it
up and down, thro' tbe whole Province, that they might get as
many Hands to it as they could ; but the matter was managed
with- fuch caution', that tho' it was in many Hands, yet it was
not known to the other fide, till they heard it was prefented to
the Prelident of the Upper Houfe : In it, all the irregular Mo-
tions of the Lower Houfe were reckoned up, infifting more par-
ticularly on that of holding intermediate Seffions, againft all which
they protefted, and prayed that their Proteftation might be en-
tered in the Books of the Upper Houfe, that fo they might not be
involved in the Guilt of the reft : This was iigned by above Fifty,
and the whole Body was but an Hundred and Forty-five : Some
were neutral: So that hereby very near one half broke off from
the reft, and left them, and fate no more with them. The Lower
H:Qtife'was deliberating how to vent their Indignation againft
thefe, when a more fenfible Mortification followed: The Arch*
bifliop fent for them, and when they came up; He read a Let-
ter to them, that was wrote to him by the Queen, in which fhe
took notice that the Differences between the twoHoufes were ftill
kept up ; fhe was much concerned, to fee that they were rather
encreaied than abated: She was the more furprized at this, be-
caufe it had been her conftant Care, as itfhould continue always
to be, to preferve the Conftitution of the Church, as it was by
Law eftablifhed, and to difcountenance all Divifions and Innova-
tions whatfcever: She was refolved to maintain her Supremacy,
and the due Subordination of Presbyters to Bifliops, as fundamen-
tal Parts of it: She expeded, that the Archbiftiop and Biftiops
Would aft conformable to this Refolution, and in fo doing they
fhould be fure of the continuance of her Protedlioii and Favour,
which fhould liot be wanting to any of the Clergy, as long as
they were true to the Conftittition, and dutiful to Her, and their
Ec'clefiaftical Superiors, arid ^referved fuch a Temper, as became

•^ 'L thofe,

I

of ^tceii Ann!.! ,..\t' 44 j

''

diofe, who were in Holy Orders. 'J he Archbilliop, as he wgs re-" , ^q5,
quired to read this to tl;vf]>> ^^ he ^iji^as.direfted to prorogue the m.>>*"v->-i-'
for ibch a time as fi^iOu Id; appear cppy^nient tjp him : They were
ftruck with this, for it had been curried fo fecfetly, that, it wa's ^
Surprize to them a]i. When they faw they \yerq to he prorpguedi
they ran very indeqcntJy, to the pppr, and with fonie' difficulty
were kept in the Room,, till the Pxorojgation Wa&' ihtitt^ated tcf
them: They went ncx|:,to their .own Houfe, where, 'mp' pro^
rogucd, they fate ftiil in form, a? .if they had been a I-lou(e,'"bu't?
they d-id not venture on pa/ling any Votef Spfadiious wefetlicy,
and fo implicitly led by thofe, who had got an Afccnd^'ht over
them, that tho' they had formerly fubmitted the Matter;? in de-
bate to the Queen, yet now, whei> ihe declarjed iier PJeafu/fe, they
would not acquiefce in it. ^ i ; ,.. > • , " 'i '>i r;,. ,

The Seflion of Parliament being nowataii end, che'Prepdrj^tions Piepira-
forthp Campaign were carried on with all po(IibIe difpatch : That ^r'^ '^"/'''*
which was moft prefling was firft done. Upon «SV^/;i^o^/s firft
•coming over, in the beginning of _y^<3;^/^^ry. Orders were ii^i me-
diately iffued out for fending over 5000 Men, with all neceildry
Stores to Spain: The Orders were given in very prefling Terms ;
yet fo many Offices were concerned in the Execution, that many
Delays were made, fome of thefe were much cenfured ; ' at laft
they failed in March. The Fleet ,that had gone into tlie M^^s^-
terranean with King Charles^ and was to return and winter at
Lhbon-, was detained by Weflerly Winds longer in thole Seas,
than had been expelled.

The People of Valencia feemed to hope, that they were to ARevokirf
winter in thofe Seas ; and by this they were encouraged to declare
for King Charles: but they were much expofcd to thofe, vvho
commanded in K.\ugPhilip\ name. All Catalonia had fubmitted
to King Charles except Rofes ; Garrifons were put in Gironney Le-
rida, and Tortofa : and the States of that Principality prepared
themfelves, with great Zeal and Refblution, for the next Cam-
paign, which, they had reafon to exped:, would come both early
and feverely upon them. There was a Breach, between the Earl
oi P eterborotigh and the Prince of Z/;<:-6/^/^^/«, whom he charged
very heavily, in the King's own prefence, with Corruption and
Injuftice: The Matter went far, and the King blamed the Earl
of Peterborough, who had not much of a forbearing or for-
giving temper in him. There was no method of Corrimunication
with England yet fettled : We did not hear from them, nor they
from us, in five Months: This put them out of all hope: Our
Men wanted every thing, and could be fupplied there with no-
. things The Revolt in Valencia made it necefTary to fend fuch a
I Supply

444 '^^^^ History of the Reign

'k']Q6. Supply to them from Barce/o/jaj as could be fpared from thence:
^--^ — ' The Difguft that was taken, made it advifeable to fend <-he Earl
of F eterborough thither, and he willingly undertook the Service :
He marched towards that Kingdom with about Fifteen Hundred
E?jglifJjf and a Thoufand Spaniards : They were al! ill equipped
and ill furniflied, without Artillery, and with very little Ammuni-
tion : But as they marched, all the Country either came into them,
or fled before them. He got to Valencia without any Oppofition,
and was received there with all poflible Demonftrations of Joy :
This gave a great diflurbance to the Spanijh Councils at Madrid:
They advifed the King, to begin with the Reduftion o{ Valencia:
It lay nearer, and was eafler come at: And by this the Difpofi-
tion to revolt would be checked, which might othcrwiie go fur-
ther : But this was over-ruled from France^ where little regard
was had to the Spaniards : They refolved to begin with Bar-
celo?ia : In it King Charles himfelf lay ; and on taking it, they
reckoned all the reft would fall.
1 he sie»e The French refolved to fend every thing, that was neceflary for
oiBarceio- ^.jj^, sicgc by Sca, and the Count oiTouloufe was ordered to lie
with the Fleet before the Place, whilft it was befieged by Land : It
was concerted, to begin the Siege in March^ for they knew that if
they begun it fo early, our Fleet could not come in time to relieve
it: But two great Storms, that came foon one after another, did
{q fcatter their Tartanes, and difable their Ships of War, that as
fome were caft away, and others were much fhattered, fo they
all loft a Month's time, and the Siege could not be formed before
the beginning oi April: King Charles fhut himfelf up in Barce-
lonttt by which the People were both animated and kept in order:
This gave all the Allies very fad Apprehenfions, they feared not
only the Lofs of the Place, but of his Perfon. Lake failed from
Lisbon in the end of March : He mifled the Galleons very nar-
rowly, but he could not purlue them; for he was to lofe no
time, but hafte to Barcelona : His Fleet was encrealed to Thirty
Ships of the Line, by the time he got to Gibraltar; but tho*
Twenty more were following him, he would not ftay, but hafted
on to the Relief of the Place, as faft as the Wind ferved.

At the fame time the Campaign was opened on the fide of
A'ca:itara Portugal: The Earl o{ Gallisoay had full Powers and a brave
Army of about 20000 Men, well furniflied in all refpedls : He
left Badajcs behind him, and marched on to Alcantara, The
Duke of Berimicl had a very fmall Force left him, to defend that
Frontier: It feems the French trufted to the Intereft they had in
the Court o{ Portugal: His Troops were fb bad, that he fawin
one fmall Adion, that he could not depend on them: He put a

good

WKcn.

of Queen Anne. 445

good Garrifon in Alcantara ; where their bed Magazine was laid 1 706.
in. But when the Earl of Gallway came before the Town, within <— -v-— '
three Days the Garrifon, conftfting of 4000 Men, delivered up
the Place and themfelvcs as Prifoners of War : The Portuguefe
would have ftop'd there, and thought they had made a good
Campaign, tho' they had done no more : But the Englip Am-, /

bafl'ador at Lisbon went to the King o^ Portugal, and prclled
him, that Orders might be immediately fcnt to the Earl of Gall-
way to march on: And when he law great Coldnefs in fome of
the Minifhers, he threatned a prefent Rupture, if it was not done:
And he continued waiting on the King, till the Orders were
iigned, and fent away. Upon Receipt of thefe, the Earl of Gall-
way advanced towards Placentia, all the Country declaring for
him, as foon as he appeared; and the Duke of Berwick ftill re-
tiring before him, not being able to give the leaft Interruption to
liis March.

The Campaign was opened in Italy with great advantage tOyheCfr-
t\iQ French: The Duke o{ Vendome marched into the 5r^/^;;, ^*'J^*J^ '^^'
to attack the Imperialifts, before Prince Eugene could join them, itaiy.
who was now come very near: He fell on a Body of about
I 2000 of them, being double their number; he drove them from
their Pofls, with the Lofs of about 3000 Men killed and taken';
but it was believed there were as many of the French killed, as
of the Imperialifts. Prince Eugene came up within two Days,
and put all in order again : He retired to a furer Poft, waiting
till the Troops from Germany fhould come up: The Siownefs of
the Germans was always fatal, in the beginning of the Campaign:
The Duke oi Savoy was now reduced to great Extremities: He faw
the Siege of 'Turin was defigned ; he fortified fo many Out-Pofts,
and put fo good a Garrifon in it, that he prepared well for a long
Siege, and a great Refiftance : He wrote to the Queen, for a
further Supplj' of 50000 Pounds, alTuring her, that by that
means the Place fhould be put in fo good a State, that he would
undertake that all fhould be done, which could be expeded from
brave and refolute Men: And fo careful was the Lord Treafurcr
to encourage him, that the Courier was lent back the next Day,
after he came, with credit for the Money. There was Ibme
Hopes of a Peace, as there was an actual Ceflation of War in
Hungary : The Malecontents had been put in hopes, of a great
Diverfion of the Emperor's Forces, on the fide of Bavaria, where
there was a great Infurredlion, provoked, as was faid, by the Op-
preflion of the Imperial Officers, who were fo accuflomed to be
heavy in their Qiiarters, that when they had the Pretence, that
they were among Enemies, it may be eafily believed, there was

Vol. II. 5 X much

44^ The History of the Reign

1 706. much juft occafion of complaint ; And that they were guilty of
*- — ^ — ■' great Exactions and Rapine. This looked formidably at firft,
and feemed to threaten a new War in thofe Parts ; but all was
foon fupprefled : The Peafants had no Officers among them, no
Difcipline, nor Magazines, and no Place of Strength : So they
■• were quickly difperfed, and ftrifter Orders were given, for the

better regulating the Military Men, tho' it was not expeded that
thefe would be long obferved.
The Treaty While Matters were in this difpoHtion abroad ; the Treaty for
J5''j^=^j.^j^^ the Union of the two Kingdoms was brought on, and managed
twoKiiiT- with great Solemnity. Commiffions were given out for Thirty-
°™'* two Perfons of each Kingdom, to meet at London on the 1 8th
o{ April: Somerfet-Houfe was appointed for the place of the
Treaty ; the Perfons, who were named to treat on the Englijb
fide, were well chofen : They were the moft capable of ma-
naging the Treaty, and the beft difpofed to it, of any in the
Kingdom. Thofe who came from Scotland^ were not looked on
as Men fo well affeded to the Defign: Moft of them had flood
out in a long and firm Oppolition to the Revolution, and to all
that had been done afterwards, purfuant to it. The Nomi-
nation of thefe was fixed on, by the Dukes of ^eensbury and
Argyle : It was faid by them, that tho' thefe Objedtions did in-
deed lie againft them, yet they had fuch an Intcreft in Scotland^
that the engaging them to be cordially for the Union, would be a
great means to get it agreed to, in the Parliament there : The Scotch
had got among them the Notion of a Foederal Union, like that
of the United Provinces^ or of the Cantons in Switzerland : But
the Englijh refolved to lofe no time, in the examining or difcuf-
fing of that Projed:, for this reafon, befides many others, that as
long as the two Nations had two different Parliaments, they could
break that Union whenfoever they pleafed ; for each Nation
would follow their own Parliament : The Defign was now to
fettle a lafting and indiilbluble Union between the Kingdoms,
therefore they refolved to treat only, about an incorporating Union,
that fhould put an end to all Diftindions, and unite all their In-
terefts : fo they at laft entered upon the Scheme of an entire
Union.

• But now to look again into our Affairs abroad: The French
leemed to have laid the Defign of their Campaign fo well, that it
had every where a formidable Appearance : And if the Execution
had anfwered their Scheme, it would have proved as glorious,
as it was in the Conclufion fatal to them. They reckoned the
taking of Barcelona and Turin fure: And by thefe, they thought
the War, both in Spain and Italji would be foon brought to
lijuiii ,i' an

of Queen Ann e. 447

an end: They knew they would be fuperiour to any Force, 1706.
that the Prince of Baden could bring together, on the Upper *•"> — -^
Rhine', and they intended to have a great Army in Flandersy
where they knew our chief Strength would be, to adl as occafion
or their other Affairs fhould require. But how well foever this
Defign might feem to be laid, it appeared Providence had ano-
ther: Which was brought to bear every where, in a mod won-
derful manner, and in reverfe to all their Views. The Steps of this,
I intend to fet out, rather as a Meditation on the Providence of
God, than as a particular Hiftory of this fignal Year, for which I
am no way furnifhed : Befides that, if I were, it does not an-
fwer my principal Defign in Writing.

The French lay Thirty-feven Days ht^ov^ Barcelona: Of that
time. Twenty-two were fpent in taking Mountjoy\ they feemed to
think there was no danger of raiiing the Siege, and that therefore
they might proceed as flowly as they pleafed : The Town was
under fuch a Confternation, that nothing but the King's Prefence
could have kept them, from capitulating, the hrft Week of the
Siege : There were fome Mutinies raifed, and fome of the Ma-
giftrates were killed in them : But the King came among them
on all occafions, and both quieted and animated them. Stanhope
wrote, after the Siege was over, (whether as a Courtier or not, I
cannot tell, for he had now on him the Charader of the ^een%
Envoy to King Charles) that the King went into all places of
Danger, and made all about him Examples to the reft, to be
hard at work, and conftant upon duty. After Mountjoy was taken,
the Town was more preiled : The Earl of Peterborough came from
Valentia-, and was upon the Hills, but could not give them any
great AiTiftance: Some few from Gironne, and other Places, got
into the Town: The French Engineers performed their part,
with little Skill and Succefs; thofethey relied moft on, happened
to be killed in the beginning of the Siege. The Levant Wind
was all this while fo ftrong, that it was not poflible for Leak to
come up, fo foon as was defired, to their relief

But when their Strength, as well as their Patience, was almoft TheSiegeof
quite exhaufted, the Wind turned, and Leak with all pojTible
hafte failed to them : As foon as the Count of Touloufe had Intel-
ligence, that he was near him, he failed back to Toulon. Tejfe,
with KingPhilip (who was in the Camp, but was not once named
in any adlion) continued three Days before Barcelona, after their
Fleet failed away : they could then have no hopes of carrying it,
unlefs a Storm at Sea had kept our Fleet at a diftance : At laft,
on the firft of May O. S. the Siege was raifed, with great
precipitation, and in much diforder: Their Camp was left

well

Barcelona
raifed.

448 T^^^ History of the Reign

1706. well furniflied, and the Sick and Wounded could not be car-
'- — /— — • ried ofF.

A 1 Ticiipfe On the Day of the railing the Siege, as the French Army was
ot the Sun. jjiarching off, the Sun was eciipfed, and it was total in thofe Parts :
It is certain that there is no weight to be laid on fuch things ; yet
the' Vulgar being apt to look on them as ominous, it was cenfured
as a great Error in Tejfe, not to have raifed the Siege a Day
fooner; and that the rather, becaufe the King o^ France had made
the Sun, with a Motto o^ Nee pluribus Impar^ his Device. King
Philip made all the hafte he could to P erpignan^ but his Army
was almoft quite ruined, before he got thither : There was no
manner of Communication, overland, between 5<3:r<:^/(?«<2 and P^r-
tugal : So the Portugueses doubting the iffue of that Siege, had
no mind to engage further, till they faw how it ended : There-
fore they ordered their Army to march afide to Ciudad Roderig-Oy

TheEarlof ^ , . ^ ^ 1 • t- • 1 1 -"^

Gaiiivaynd- ou prcteucc that It was necellary to lecure their frontier, by taking
vanccc ^^^^ placc : It was taken after a very fhort Siege, and with fmall
Reiiflance : From thence they advanced to Salamanca. But upon
the News of raifing the Siege of Barcelona^ they went on towards
Madrid, the Duke o^ Berwick only obferving their Motions, and
flill retiring before them. King Philip went, with great expedi-
tion, and a very fmall Train, irom Perpignan to Navarre, from
'^m-rvhiih thence he came poil: to Madrid; but finding he had no Army,
cametoA/d- f^at he could truft to, the Grandees being now retired, and look-
foonir" k. ing as fo many dead Men ; and he feeing that the Portuguese
were flili advancing, fent his Queen to Burgos, and followed her
in a few Days, carrying with him that which was valuable in the
Palace: And it feems he defpaired ever to return thither again,
iince he deftroyed all that could not be carried away-; in which
headed a very extraordinary part, for he did fome of this with
his own hand; as the Gentleman, whom the Earl of Gallway
lent over, told me, was univerfally believed in Madrid.
The Earl cf The Capital City being thus forlaken, the Earl of Gallway came
Gaiinx^y ^q \^\^y ^\^^ ^^lA of June ', hc met with no refiftance indeed, but

came ro ir "^ ^

bit King ' with as little welcome : An Army ot Portuguese, with a Here-
i^v'^7too^' tick at their head, were certainly very ftrange fights to the Cafti-
longtocome //^;,^o who retained all the Pride, without any of the Courao-c, of

thiihcr. ' '^ o '

their Anceftors: They thought it below them to make their Sub-
mifTions to any, but to the King himlelf ; and if King Gharles
had come thither immediately, it was believed that the entire Re-
dudion of Spai^i would have been foon brought about. It is not
yet certain, what made him flay fo long as he did at Barcelona,
even from the beginning of May till near the end o{yuly, Thofe
about him pretended, it was not fit to go to Madrid^ till he was

well

0,

?/ Queen ANNir* 4.\.(^

well furniflied with Money, to make a decent Entry : Stayihope 1506*
ofFered to furnifh him with what was neccflary for the Journey;
but could not afibrd a magnifitent Equipage for a folemn Entry.
King Charles wrote a very prefling Letter to the Duke of Marl-
borough^ fetting forth his Neceffities, and defiring greater Supplies;
I faw this Letter, for the Duke fent it over to the Lord Trcafu-
rer ; but little regard was had to it, becaule it was fuggeftcd from
many different hands, that the Vvmcc oi Lichtenjlein was enrich-
ing himfelf, and keeping his King poor. Others pretended the
true caufe of the Delay was a fecret Amour of that King's at Bar-
celona ; whatfoever the Caufe of it might be, the Effeds have hi-
therto proved fatal : It was firft propofed, that King Charles fhould
march thro' Valentia^ as the neareft and much the fafeft way,
and he came on that deflgn as far as Tarracona : But Advice be-
ing brought him there, that the Kingdom o{ Arragon was in a
good difpofition to declare for him, he was diverted from his firft
Intentions, and prevailed on to go to Saragoza \ where he was
acknowledged by that Kingdom: but he loft much time, and more
in the Reputation of his Arms, by delaying fo long to move to-
wards Madrid: So King Philip took heart, and came back from
Burgos to Madrid. The Earl of Gallway was very uneafy at this
flow Motion, which King C6fzr/^j made: King /'/^///^ had fome
more Troops fent him from France, and the broken Bodies of*
his Army, being now brought together^ he had an Army equal
in Numbers to the Earl of Gallway, and fo he marched up to him ;
but fince fo much depended on the Iffue of an Adion, the
Earl of Gallway avoided itj becaufe he expeded every day
Reinforcements, to be brought up to him, both by King Charles,
and by the Earl of Peterborough from Valentia : Therefore
to facilitate this Conjundtion, he moved towards Arragon'y io
that Madrid was again left to be poffeffed by King Philip. At
laft, in th( beginning of Augufi, King Charles came up, but
with a very inconfiderable Force : A few days after, the Earl of
Peterborough came alfo with an Efcorte, rather than any Strength ;
for he had not with him above 500 Dragoons. He was now un-
eafy, becaufe he could not have the fupreme Command, both the
Earl of Gallway and OoxiViX. Noyelles being much ancienter Offi-
cers, than he was. But to deliver him from the Uneafinefs, of
being commanded by them, the Queen had fent him the
Powers of an Ambaffador Extraordinary ; and he took that Cha-
rader on him for a few Days. His complaining, fo much as he
did, of the Prince of Lichtenjlein and the Germans, who were
ftill poflefled of King Charles' i Confidence, made him very unac-
ceptable to that King: So he, waiting for Orders from the Queen,
Vol, II, 5Y withdrew

450 ^'^^ History of the Reign

1706* withdrew from the Camp, and failed away in one of the
'^"""^''""^ Queen's Ships to Genoa. Our Fleet lay all the Summer in the
Mediterranean ; which obliged the French to keep theirs within
Toulon. Cartagena declared for King Charles^ and was fecured
by fome of our Ships : The Fleet came before Alicant ; the Sea-
men landed and ftormed the Town ; the Caftle held out fome
Weeks, but then it capitulated, and the Soldiers by Articles were
obliged to march to Cadiz. Soon after that, our Fleet failed out
of the Streights; one Squadron was fent to xho^WeJi-Indiesy ano-
ther was to lie at Lisbon, and the refc were ordered home. After
King Charles had joined Lord Gallway, King Philips Army and
his looked on one another for fome time, but v/ithout venturing
on any Adion : They were near an Equality, and both fides ex-
pelled to be reinforced; fo in that uncertainty, neither fide
would put any thing to hazard.
The Battle But now I tum to another and a greater Scene : The King of
oiRantiiies. p^^^^^ was aflurcd, that the King o^ Denmark would ftand upon
fome high Demands, he made to the Allies, fo that the Duke of
Marlborough could not have the Danes, who were about Ten or
Twelve Thoufand, to join him for fome time; and that the
Prujftans, almoft as many as the Danes, could not come up to
the confederate Army, for fome Weeks : So he ordered the Eledor
of Bavaria and Villeroy to march up to them, and to venture on
a Battle; fince, without the ZJ^^^i-, they would have been much
fuperior in number. The States yielded to all Denmark^ De-
mands, and the Prince of Wirtemberg, who commanded their
Troops, being very well affedled, reckoned that all being granted,
he needed not ftay, till he lent to Denmark, nor wait for their
exprefs Orders : But marched and joined the Army, the Day be-
fore the Engagement. Some thought, that the King oi France,
upon the News of the Difgrace before Barcelona, that he might
cover that, refolved to put all to venture, hoping that a Vi(5lory
would have fet all to rights ; this pafled generally in the World.
But the Duke of Marlborough told me, that there being only
twelve Days, between the railing of the Siege of Barcelona and
this Battle, the one being on the firft of May, and the other on
the twelfth, eight of which mufk be allowed for the Courier to
Paris, and from thence to Brabant, it fecmed not poflible to put
things in the order, in which he faw them, in fo fhort a time.
The French left their Baggage and heavy Cannon at Judoign ; and
marched up to the Duke oi Marlborough : He was marching to-
wards them, on the lame Defign, for if they had not offered him
Battle on the twelfth, he was refolved to have attacked them' on
the thirteenth of May : They met neara-Village galled Rafiiellies

(not

of Queen A n n e; 45 1

(not far from thcMehaigne) from whence the Battle takes its 1706.
Name. «— v-— '

The Engagement was aii entire one ; and the Adlion was hot a great Vic-
for two Hours; both the French Mou/^ueiaires and the Cuiraf-^^^y z^^^^<i-
Jters were there ; the Eledtor of Bavaria fa id, it was the bed
Army he ever beheld : But after two Hours, the French gave
way every where, fo it ended in an entire Defeat. They loft
both their Camp, Baggage and Artillery, as well as all that they
had left in Judoign', and in all pofTible Confufion, they palled the
Dyle-y our Menpurfuing, till it was dark. The Duke of M^r/-
borough faid to me, the French Army look'd the beft of any he
had ever feen : But that their Officers did not do their part, nor
fhew the Courage, that had appeared among them on other Oc- ,
cafions. And when I asked him the difference, between the A6lions
at Hockfiedt and at Ramelliesy he faid, the £rft Battle lafted be-
tween feven and eight Hours, and we loft above i 2000 Men ifi
it ; whereas the fecond lafted not above two Hours, and we loft
not above 2500 Men. Orders were prelently fent to the great
Cities, to draw the Garrifons out of them, that fo the French
might have again the Face of an Army : For their Killed, their
Deferters, and their Prifoners, on this great Day, were above
20000 Men. The Duke of Marlborough loft no time, but fol-
lowed them clofe : Louvain, Mechlin^ and Brujfels fubmitted, pfanders^ni
befides many lefler Places ; Antwerp made a ftiew of ftanding redticed.
out, but foon followed the Example of the reft ; Ghendt and
Bruges did the fame: in all thefe King Charles was proclaimed.
Upon this unexpected Rapidity of Succefs, the Dukeof Tkf^r/^i?-
rough went to the Hague^ to concert Meafures with the States^
where he ftaid but few Days ; for they agreed to every thing he
propoled, and fent him back with full Powers: The firft thing
he undertook was the Siege oiOJlend^ a Place famous for its
long Siege in the laft Age: The Natives of the Place were difpo- Memn^
fed to return to the Aujirian Family, and the French^ that were "''^°"
in it, had fo loft all Heart and Spirit, that they made not the Re-
iiftance, that was looked for: In ten Days, after they fate down
before it, and within four Days after the Batteries were finiflied,
J;^they capitulated. From thence the Confederates went to Meniny
'"which was efteemed the beft finifhed Fortification, in all thole
Parts: It was. built after the Peace oi Ni7neguen\ nothing that
Art could contrive was wanting, to render it impregnable ; and
it was defended by a Garrifon of 6000 Men, fothat many thought
it was. too bold an Undertaking, to fit down before it. The
French Army was become confiderable, by ^eat Detachments
brought from the Upper Rhine 3 where Marefchal Villars was
.. > ■ ■ ib

452 The History of the Reign

1706. {o {ar fupenoT to the GermanSi that, if it had not been for this
<-— v-^ Revuliion of his Forces, the Circles of Suabia and Franconia

would have been much expofed to Pillage and Contribution.
TheDiike The Duke of Vendome\ Condudt in Italy had fo raifed his
cor^mandcd Charadcr, that he was thought the only Man, fit to be at the
inviandsrs. Head of the Army in Flanders : fo he was fent for, and had that
Command given him, with a very high Complement, which was
very injurious to the other Officers, fince he was declared to be
the fingle Man, on whom France could depend, and by whom it
could be proted:ed, in that Extremity. The Duke of Orleans was
fent to command in Italy., and Marefchal Marjin was fent with
him to affift, or rather in reality to govern him ; And fo obfti-
nately was the King of France fet, on purfuing his firfl Defigns,
that notwithftanding his Difgraces both in Spain and in the Ne-
therlands^ yet (fince he had ordered all the Preparations for the
Siege of Turin) he would not defift from that Attempt, but or-
dered it to be purfued, with all pofliblc Vigour. The Siege of
Menin was, in the mean while, carried on fo fuccefsfully, that
the Trenches were opened on the 24th of yuly^ and tlie Batte-
ries were finifhed on the 29th i and they prelled the Place fb
warmly, that they capitulated on the nth of y^ij/^z^y?, and march'd
out on the 14th, being St. Z/^'tt'/Vs Day ; 4000 Men march'd out
of the Place.

It feemed ftrange, that a Garrifon, which was ftill /b nume-
rous, fhould give up, in fo fhort a time, a Place that was both
lb ftrong and fo well furnifhed: But as the French were much
funk, fo the Allies were now become very expert at carrying on
of Sieges ; and fpared no coft that was neceflary for difpatch.
Dendermonde had been, for fome Weeks, under a Blockade : this,
the Duke of Marlborough ordered to be turned into a formal
Denjtr- Sicgc. The Placc was {o lurrounded with Water, that the King
inonde and of Francs^ having once begun a Siege there, was forced to raife
it; yet it was now fo prefTed, that the Garrifon offered to capitu-
late, but the Duke of Marlborough would give them no other
Terms, but thofe of being Prifoners of War, to which they were
forced to fubmit. j^eth was next inverted, it lay fo inconveniently
between Flanders and Brabant, that it was neceflary to clear that
Communication, and to deliver Brujfels from the Danger of that
Neighbourhood: In a fortnight's time, it was alfb obliged to ca-
pitulate, and the Garrifon were made Prifoners of War.

During thofe Sieges, the Duke oiVendome-, having fixed him-
felf in a Camp, that could not be forced, did not think fit to
give the Duke of Marlborough any Difturbance ; while he lay
with his Army covering the Sieges ; The French were jealous of

the

the ElcSiOT of Bavaria $ Heat, and tho' he deiired to command 1706.
an Army apart, yet it was not thought lit to divide their Forces, ' — '^'"'^
tho' now grown to be very numerous. Defcrtcrs faid, the Pan-
nick was ftill To great in the Army, that there was no appearance
of their venturing on any Adtion : Paris it felf was under a high
Confternation, and tho' the King carried his Misfortunes with
an appearance of Calmncfs and Compofure, yet he was often let
blood, which was thought an indication of a great Commotion
within ; and this was no doubt the greater, becaufe it was lb much
difguifed. No News was talked of at that Court; all was filent
and folemn ; fo that even the Dutchefs Dowager of Orlea?is knew
not the true State of their Affairs; which made her write to her
Aunt, the Eledorefs of Hanover, to learn News of her.

There was another Alarm given them, which heighten'd the p^c^s f^r
Diforder they were in : The ^een and the States formed a De- a Decent in
fign of a Defcent in France, with an Army of about 1 0000 Foot
and I 200 Horfe. The Earl of Rivers commanded the Land-
Army, as Shovell did a Royal Fleet, that was to convoy them,
and to fecure their Landing ; it was to be near Bouj-deaux : but
the Secret was then fo well kept, that the French could not pene-
trate into it ; fo the Alarm was general. It put all the maritime
Counties of France to a vaft charge, and under difmal apprehen-
fions: Officers were fent from the Court to exercife them ; but
they faw what their Militia was, and that was all their defence.
I have one of the Manifefto's, that the Earl of Rivers was ordered
to publifh, upon his landing : He declared by it, that he was
come neither to pillage the Country, nor to conquer any part of
it ; He came only to reftore the People to their Liberties, and to
have Affemblies of the States, as they had anciently, and to re-
ftore the Rdi&s to the Proteftants ; He promised protection to all
that fhould come in to him. The Troops were all put aboard at
Portfmouth, in the beginning of July, but they were keptrin our
Ports by contrary Winds, till the beginning of OEiober : The De-
fign on France was then laid afide ; it was too late in the Year,
for the Fleet to fail into the I3ay of Bifcay, and to lie there, for
any confiderable time, in that Seafon : The Reduftion of Spain
was of the greatefl: importance to us ; fo new Orders were fent
them to fail jfirft to Lisbon, and there to take fuch Meafures, as
the State of the Affairs of Spain fhould require. . .

The Siege of Turin was begun in May, and was continued till The Siege
the beginning of September : There was a ftrong Garrifon with- °^ ^''"■'''■
in itj and it was well furnifhed, both with Provilions and Ammu-
nition, The Duke of Savoy put all to the hazard : He fent his
Dutchefs with his Children to Genoa ; and himfelf, with a Body
^^■VoL. II. s Z^ of

454 '^^^ History of the Reign

1706. of 3000 Horfe, was moving ^howtTuririy from Valley to Valley,
<—^/ — ' till that Body was much diminifhed : for he was, as it were, hun-
ted from place to place, by the Duke of Feuillade^ who com-
manded in the Siege, and drove the Duke of Savoy before him :
fo that all hope of Relief lay in Prince Eugene. The Garrifon
made a noble refiftance, and maintained their Outworks long ;
they blew up many Mines, and difputed every Inch of Ground,
with great Refolution : They loft about 6000 Men, who were
either killed, or had deferted during the Siege; and their Powder
was at laft fo fpent, that the ' muft have capitulated within a day
or two, if they had not been relieved. The Siege coft the French
very dear ; they were often forced to change their Attacks, and
loft about 1 4000 Men before the Place ; for they were frequently
beat from the Pofts, that they had gain'd.
Prince E«- Princc Eugcm made all the hafte, he could to their relief: The
chcs wTaife Court o{ Vienna had not given due Orders, as they had under-
"• taken, for the Provifton of the Troops, that were to march thro'

their Country, to join him : This occasioned many Complaints,
and fome Delay. The truth was, that Court was fo much fet on
the Redudlion of Hungary ^ that all other things were much neg-
leded, while that alone feemedto poflefs them. A Treaty was fet
on foot, with the Malecontents there, by the Mediatioq.of E^g-Azw^
and of the States ; a Ceflation of Arms was agreed to, for two
Months : All that belonged to that Court were very uneafy, while
that continued ; they had fhared among them the Confifcations
of all the great F.ftates in Hungary ^ and they faw, that if a Peace
was made, all thefe would be vacated, and the Eftates would be
reftored to their former Owners : fo they took all poflible means
to traverfe the Negotiation, and to inflame the Emperor. There
feemed to be fome probability, of bringing things to a Settlement,
but that could not be brought to any concluiion, during the Term
of the CefTation ; when that was lapfed, the Emperor could not
be prevailed on to renew it: He recalled his Troops from the
Upper Rhine^ tho' that was contrary to all his Agreements with
the Empire. Notwithftanding all this ill Managerrient of the
Court of Vienna^ Prince Eugene got together the greateft part of
thofe Troops, that he expefted in the Veronefe^ before the end
of yune : They were not yet all come up, but he, believing him-
felf ftrong enough, refolved to advance ; and he left the Prince
otHeJfe, with a Body to receive the reft, and by them to force a
Diverlion, while he fhould be going on. The Duke of Ve?idome
had taken care of all the Fords of the Adige, the Mincio, and the
OgUo\ and had caft up fuch Lines ^nd Entrenchments every
where, that he had aftlired the Court oi France ^ \% was not
; pofTible

of Queen Anne. ^ 455

pofTible for Prince Eugene^ to break thro' all that Oppofition, at iyo6.
leaft to do it, in any time to relieve Turin. By this time the Duke *— -y j
of Orleans was come to take the Army, out of Vendome\ hands :
but before that Duke had left it, they faw that he had reckon'd
wrong, in all thofe Hopes, he had given the Court of France^ of
flopping Prince Eugenes March. For, in the beginning of july^
he fent a few Battalions, over one of the Fords of the Adige^ where
the French were well ported, and double their number; yet they
ran away with fuch precipitation, that they left every thing behind
them: Upon that, Prince Eugene pafTed the Adige^ with his whole
Army, and the French., in a Confternation, retired behind the
Mincio. After this, Prince Eugene furprized the French with a
Motion, that they had not looked for, nor prepared againft, for
he pafTed the Fo\ the Duke of Orleans followed him, but de-
clined an Engagement; whereupon Fr'mce Eugene wrote to the
Duke o{ Marlborough^ that he felt the Effedts of the Battle of
Ramelliesy even in Italy, the French feeming to be every where
dif|oirited with their Misfortunes. Prince Eugene, marching
nearer the Appenin^s, had gained fome Days March of the Duke
of Orleans ; upon which, that Duke repafied the Fo, and ad-
vanced with fuch hafte towards Turin, that he took no care of
the Pafs at Stradella, which might have been kept and difputed
for fome Days : Prince Eugene found no Oppofition there ; nor
did he meet with any other difficulty, but from the length of the
March, and the heat of the Seafon; for he was in motion all
the Months of July and Auguft. ^ ■''^"^ t^^^

In the Beginning oi September, the Duke of /5Vz^£y joined hirh,
with the fmall Remnants of his Army, and they hafted on to
Turin. The Duke of Orleans had got thither before them, and
the place was now reduced to the laft Extremities ; the Duke of
Orleans, with moft of the chief Officers, were for marching out
of the Trenches; Marfin was of another mind, and when he
found it hard to maintain his Opinion, he produced podtive Or-
ders for it, which put an end to the Debate. The Duke of Sa~
voy law the neceffity of attacking them, in their Trenches ; his
Army confifted of 28000 Men, but they were good Troops;
the French were above 40000, and in a well fortified Camp ;
yet after two Hours Refiftance, the Duke of Savoy broke thro',
and then there was a great deftrudion ; the French flying in much
diforder, and leaving a vaft Treafure in their Camp, befides great
Stores of Provifions, Ammunition and Artillery. It was fo en- The Tmuh
tire a Defeat, that not above 1600 Men, of that great Army, got^'^the
off in a Body ; and they made all the hafle they could vaXoDau^ Siege raifed.
phiny. The Duke of Savoy went into Turin \ where it may be

eaflly

456 T^he History of the Reign

;i37o6. eajQly imagined, he was received with much Joy ; the Garrifon,
^fr^r--^ for want of Powder, was not in a condition to make a Sally on
the French, while he attack'd them ; the French were purfiied as
far, as Men, wearied with fuch an Adion, could follow them, and
many Prifoners were taken. The Duke of Orleans-, tho' he iofl:
the Day, yet gave great Demonftrations of Courage, and re-
ceived feveral Wounds : Marefchal Marfin fell into the Enemies
hands, but died of his Wounds in a {^v^ Hours ; and upon him
all the Errors ol this difmal Day were call:, tho' the heaviefl: part
of the Load fell on Chamillardj who was then in the fupreme
degree of favour at Court, and was entirely pofiefled of Madam
Maintenons Confidence. Feuiliade had married his Daughter,
and in order to the advancing him, he had the Command of this
Siege given him, which was thus obflinately purfued, till it ended
in this fatal manner. The Obftinacy continued, for the King
lent Orders, for a Month together, to the Duke oi Orleans, to
march back into Piedmo77ty when it was abfolutely impoHible ;
yet repeated Orders were fent, and the reafon of this was under-
ftood afterwards : M^diSivn Mainte?wn (itleems) took that care of
the King's Health and Humour, that Ihe did not fuffer the ill
ftate of his Affairs to be ^uWy told him : He, all that while, was
niade believe, that the Siege was, only raifed, upon the Advance
of Prince Eugene's Army; and knew not that his own was de-
feated and ruined. I am not enough verfed in Military Affairs, to
0!fi|er any Judgment upon that point, whether they did well or
ill, not to go out of their Camp to fight: It is certain, that the
I^lxt was more diforderly, and the Lofs was much greater, by
r^p-fon of their lying, within their Lines : In this I have known
Men of the Trade of different Opinions.

lo While this was done at Turin, the Prince of Hejfe advanced
%f>.t^MincWti jWhich the French abandoned; but as he went to
^i^^VtiJliglione, Medavi, the French G^Xi^x^, furprized him, and
cy(t;c^ about; 20,00 of his Men; upon which he, was forced to re-
tire to the AdJge- The French magnified this excellively, hoping
with .the noife they made about it, to ballance their real Lois at
'Turin. ' The Prince of Vaude?no72t, upon the News from Turin,
leit the City of Milan, and retired, with the fmall Force he had,
tK> Cremona: The Duke of Savoy and Prince j^z/^^;/^ marched,
with ajl hafte,.ipto the Milaneze : The City of Milan was opened
\ to them; but the Cittadel and fome ftfong Places, that had Gar-
A«,^:? ,,4r rilbns in them, flood out fome time ; yet Place after Place capi-
'-_ tulated, fo that it was vifible, all would quickly fall into their hands,

.bnttc: Such a Succellion of eminent Misfortunes, ija one Campaign,

and in fo many different Places, was, without example: It made
viiifis ' all

of Queen Anne. ^ 4^7

all People conclude, tliat the time was come, in which the Per- jyo6,
fidy, the Tyranny, and the Cruelty of that King's long and ' — -v— «^
bloody Reign, was now to be rcpaycd him, with the fame fcvere
meafure, with which he had formerly treated others : But the Se-
crets of God are not to be too boldly pried into, till he is pleafed
to difplay them to us more openly. It is certainly a Year, that
defervcs to be long and much rcmembred.

In the end of the Campaign, in which Poland had been har- jhcKincof
raffed, with the continuance of the War, but without any great ^ar^^.m'ar-
Aftion ; the King of Sweden, feeing that King Angujius fup- slxon^^^
ported his Affairs in Foland^ by the Supplies both of Men and
Money, that he drew from his Electorate, refblved to ftop tliat
RefTource: So he marched thro' Siiejia and Lufatia into Saxony.
He quickly made himfelf Mafler of an open Country, that was
looking for no fuch Invafion, and was in no fort prepared for it,
and had few ftrong Places in it, capable of any Refiflance : The
rich Tov n oi Leipjtck and all the refl of the Country was, with-
out any Oppofition, put under Contribution. All the Empire was
alarmed at this ; it was at firfl apprehended, that it was fet on by
the French Councils, to raife a new War in Germany, and to put
the North all in a flame. The King of Sweden gave it out, that
he had no defign to give any difturbance to the Empire: That
he intended, by this March, only to bring the War of Poland
to a fpeedy conclufion ; and it was reafonablc to believe, that
fuch an unlooked for Incident would foon bring that War to a
Crifis.

This was the State of our Affairs abroad, in this glorious and a Treaty of
ever-memorable Year. At home, another matter of great confe- ^
quence was put in a good and promifing method : The Commif*
lioners of both Kingdoms fate clofe in a Treaty, till about the
middle o^ July; in conclufion, they prepared a compleat Scheme
of an entire Union of both Nations: Some Particulars being only
referred, to be fettled by their Parliaments refpedtively. When
every thing was agreed to, they prefented one Copy of the Treaty
to the Queen, and each fide had a Copy, to be prefented to their
refped:ive Parliament, all the three Copies being figned by the
Commiflioners of both Kingdoms : It was refblved to lay the mat-
ter, firfl before the Parliament of Scotland, becaufe it was appre-
hended, that it would meet with the greatefl oppofition there.

The Union of the two Kingdoms was a Work, of which many
had quite defpaired, in which number I was one ; and thofe who
entertained better hopes, thought it mufl have nm out into a long
Negotiation for feveral Years : but beyond all Mens expedtation,
it was begun and finifhed, within the Compafs of One. The
Vol: II. 6 A Com-

Union con-
ludcd.

V.

45 8 The History of the Reign

1706. Commi/IioncTS, brought up from 6'c(?^/^W, for the Treaty, were
^ — ^~— '■ fo ftrangely chofen (the far greater number having continued in
oFthe^'^^^an Oppoiition to the Government, ever fince the Revolution]
Union. ^j^^^ from thence many concluded, that it was not fincerely de-
signed by the Miniftry, when they faw fuch a Nomination. This
was a piece of the Earl of Stairs Cunning, who did heartily pro-
mote the Defign : He then thought, that if fuch a number of
thofe, M^io were looked on as yacobites^ and were popular Men
on that account, among the Difaffedled there, could be fo wrought
on, as to be engaged in the Affair, the Work would be- much
the eafier, when laid before the Parliament oi Scotland : And in
this, the Event fhewed, that he took right Meafures. The Lord
Sojners had the chief hand, in projecting the Scheme of the
Union, into which, all the Commifiioners of the EngUjh Nation
went very eafily : The Advantages, that were oflered to Scotland,
in the whole Frame of it, were fo great, and fo viflble, that no-
thing but the Confideration of the Safety, that was to be procured
by it to England^ could have brought the EngliJJj to agree to a
Projeft, that, in every Branch of it, was much more favourable
to the Scotch Nation.

They were to bear lefs, than the fortieth part of the Publick
Taxes: When four Shillings in the Pound was levied in England,
which amounted to two Millions, Scotland was only to be taxed
at 480CO Pounds, which was eight Months AflefTment: They
liad been accuftomed for fome Years to pay this, and they faid
it was all that the Nation could bear. It is held a Maxim, that
in the framing of a Government, a Proportion ought to be ob-
fervcd, between the Share in the Legiflature, and the Burden to
be born; yet in return of the fortieth part of the Burden, they
offer'd the Scotch near the eleventh part of the Legifliture : For
the Peers o^ Scotland were to be reprefented, by fixteen Peers in
the Houfe of Lords, and the Commons, by forty five Members in
the Houfe of Commons; and thefe were to be chofen, according
to the Methods, to be fettled in the Parliament of Scotland. And
fince Scotla7jd was to pay Cuftoms and Exciles, on the fame foct
with England^ and was to bear a fhare in paying much of the
Debtj England\\?id. contracted during the War ; 398000 Pounds
was to be raifed in England., and fent into Scotland^ as an Equi'
valent for that ; and that was to be applied to the recoining the
Money, that all might be of one Denomination and Standard,
and to paying the Publick Debts of Scotland^ and repaying, to
their African Company, all their Lofies with Intereft ; upon
which that Company was to be diflblved ; and the Over-plus of
the Equivalent was to be applied, to the Encouragement of Manu-

fadlures.

of Queen Anne. 459

fa(^utes. Trade was to be free all over the Ifland, aild to the 1706*
Plantations; private Rights were to be preferved ; and the Judi- ' — "v—- '
catories and Laws of *SW/«W were ftill to be continued : But all
was put, lor the future, under the Regulation of the Parliament
of Greai Britain ; the two Nations now were to be one King-
dom, under the lame Succeflion to the Crown, and united in
one Parliament. There was no Provilion made in this Treaty,
with relation to Religion : For in the Adls of Parliancnt, in both
Kingdoms, that empowered the Qiieen to name Commiflloners,
there was an exprefs Limitation, that they fliould not treat of thofe
Matters.

This was the Subftance of the Articles of the Treaty, which Debated
being laid before the Parliament of Scotland, met with great Op- pSIJctc
pofition there. It was vifible, that the Nobility of that Kingdom ofscot/anj,
fuffcred a great Diminution by it; for the' it waL agreed, that
they fhould enjoy all the other Privileges of the Peers of Eng^/andy
yet thegreateft of them all, which was the Voting in the Houfe
of Lords, was reftrained to Sixteen, to be eleded by the reft at
every new Parliament; yet there was a greater Majority of the
Nobility, that concurred in Voting for the Union, than in the
other States of that Kingdom. The Commiflioners from the
Shires and Boroughs, were almoft equally divided, tho' it was
evident they were to be the chief Gainers by it ; among thefe the
Union was agreed to, by a very fmall Majority : It was the No-
bility, that in every Vote turned the Scale for the Union : they
were feverely refleded on, by thofe who oppofed it ; it was faid,
many of them were bought off, to fell their Country and their
Birth-right : All thofe, who adhered inflexibly to the Jacobite
Intereft, oppoled every Step that was made, with great Vehe-
mence; for they law that the Union ftruck at the Root of all their
Views and Defigns, for a new Revolution. Yet thefe could not
have raifed or maintained fo great an Oppofition, as was now
made ; if the Presbyterians had not been poffeifed with a Jea-
loufy, that the confequence of this Union would be, the Change
of Church-Government among them, and that they would be
fwallowed up by the Church of England. This took fuch root
in many, that no Affurances, that were offered, could remove
their Fears : It was infufed in them chiefly by the old Dutchefs
of Hamilton, who had great credit with them : And it was fug-
gefted, that flie, and her Son, had particular Views, as hoping,
that \f Scotland fliouId continue a feparated Kingdom, the Crown
might come into their Family, they being the next in Blood, af-
ter King yames'% Pofterity. The Infuflon of fuch Apprehenflons,
had a great effed: on the main Body of that Party, who could

fcarce

The History of the Reign

fcarce be brought to hearken, but never to accept of the Offers j
that were made for fecuring their Presbyterian Government. A
great Part of the Gentry of that Kingdom, who had been oft in
England; and had oblerved the Protedion, that all Men had
from a Houfe of Commons, and the Security that it procured,
againft partial Judges, and a violent Miniftry, entred into the
Delign with great Zeal. The opening a free Trade, not only
with England-, but v/ith the Plantations, and the Prote(5lion of
the Fleet of England-, drew in thofe who underftood thefe Mat-
ters, and faw there was no other way in view, to make the Na-
tion rich and confiderable. Thofe who had engaged far into the
Defign of Darien., and were great Lofers by it, faw now an ho-
nourable way to be reimburfcd, which made them wifh well to
the Union, and promote it. But that which advanced the Defign
moft effedluaily, and without which, it could not have fucceeded,
was, that a confiderable number of Noblemen and Gentlemen,
who were in nj Engagements with the Court (on the contrary,
they had been difobliged, and turned out of great Pofts, and
fome very lately) declared for it. Theie kept themfelves very clofe
and united, and fecmed to have no other Intereft, but that of
their Country, and were for that reafon called the Squadrone:
The chief of thefe were, the Marquefs of Tweedaky the Earls of
Rothes., Roxburgh., Hadington, and Marchmont'i they were in
great credit, becaufe they had no vifible Biafs on their Minds ;
ill ufage had provoked them rather to oppofe the Miniftry, than
to concur in any thing, where the chief Honour would be car-
ried away by others. When they were fpoke to by the Miniftry,
they anfwered coldly, and with great Referves, fo it was expeded
they would have concurred in the Oppofition, and they being
between twenty and thirty in number, if they had let themfelves
againft the Union, the Defign muft have mifcarried. But they
continued ftill filent, till the firft Divifton of the Houfe obliged
them to declare, and then, they not only joined in it, but pro-
moted it effedlually, and with Zeal : There were great and long
Debates, managedonthefideofthe Union, by the Earls of aS'^^t/?^^/ and
Stair for the Miniftry, and of the Squadrone by the Earl o^ Roxburgh
and Marchmont ; and againft it by the Dukes of Hamilton and
Athol and the Marquefs of Annandale. The Duke of Athol was
believed to be in a foreign Correfpondence, and was much fet on
violent methods: Duke Hamilton managed the Debate with great
Vehemence, but was againft all defperate Motions: He had much
to lofe, and was refolved not to venture all, with thofe who fug-
gefted the neceflity of running, in the old Scotch way, to Ex-
tremities. The Topicks, from which the Arguments againft the

Union

of Queen A m n e.

Union were drawn, were the Antiquity and Dignity of their
Kingdom, which was offered to be given up, and fold : They
were departing from an Independent State, and going to fink
into a Dependence on England \ what Conditions foevcr might
be now fpecioufly offered, as a Security to them, they could not
expect that they ftiould be adhered to, or reHgioufly maintained
in a Parliament, where fixteen Peers and forty five Commoners
could not hold the ballance, againft above an hundred Peers and
five hundred and thirteen Commoners. Sc(Ttland would be no more
confidered as formerly by foreign Princes and States : Their Peers
would be precarious and eledtive: They magnified their Crown,
with the other Regalia fo much, that fince the Nation feemed re-
folved never tofuffer them to be carried away, it was provided,
in a new Claufe added to the Articles, that thefe fhould flill re-
main within the Kingdom. They infifted moft vehemently on
the Danger, that the Conftitution of their Church muft be in,
when all fhould be under the power of a Britijh Parliament : This was
prefled with Fury by fome, who were known to be the moft violent
Enemies to Presbytery, of any in that Nation : but it was done
on defign, to inflame that Body of Men by thofe Apprehenfions,
and fo to engage them to perfift in their Oppofition. To allay
tliat Heat, after the general Vote was carried for the Union, be-
fore they entered on the Confideration of the particular Articles,
an A<3: was prepared for fecuring the P resbyterian Government:
by which it was declared to be the only Government of that
Church, unalterable in all fucceeding Times, and the maintain-
ing it was declared to be a fundamental and effential Article and
Condition of the Union; and this Ad: was to be made a part of
the A<fl for the Union, which, in the Confequence of that, was to
be ratified by another Ad: of Parliament in England. Thus
thofe, who were the greateft Enemies to Pr^j^/^ry, ofanyinthe
Nation, railed the Clamour of the Danger that Form of Govern-
ment would be in, if the Union went on, to fuch a heighth, that
by their means this Ad was carried, as far as any human Law
could go, for their Security ; For by this, they had, not only all
the Security that their own Parliament could give them, but they
were to have the Faith and Authority of the Parliament of Eng-
land, it being, in the Stipulation, made an effential Condition
of the Union : The carrying tliis Matter fo far, was done in hopes,
that the Parliament oi England would never be brought to pafs
it. This Ad was paffed, and it gave an entire Satisfadion to
thofe, who were difpofed to receive any ; but nothing could fa-
tisfy Men, who made ufe of this, only to inflame others. Thofe,
who oppofed the Union, finding the Majority was againft them,
Vol. II. 6B ftudicd

462 The History of the Reign

1706. ftudied to ralfe a Storm without doors, to frighten them: A Set
of Addrefles againft the Union were fent round all the Countries,
in which, thofe who oppofed it, had any Intereft: There came
up many of thefe, in the Name of Counties and Burroughs, and
at laft, from Pari{hes : This made fome Noife abroad, but was
very little confidered there, when it was known, by whofe Arts
and Pradices they were procured. When this appeared to have
little effed:, Pains were taken to animate the Rabble to violent At-
tempts, both at Edinburgh^ and at Glafgow. Sir Patrick yohnjlon
Lord Provoft of Edinburgh^ had been one of the Commiilioners,
and had concurred heartily in the Delign: A great Multitude ga-
thered about his Houfe, and were forcing the Doors on delign,
as was believed, to murder him; but Guards came and difperled
them. Upon this Attempt, the Privy-Council fet out a Procla-
mation againft all fuch Riots, and gave orders for quartering the
Guards within the Town : But to fhew, that this was not intended
to over-awe the Parliament, the whole Matter was laid before
them, and the Proceedings of the Privy-Council were approved.
No other violent Attempt was made after this, but the Body of
the People fhewed fo much Sullennefs, that probably, had any Per-
fon of Authority once kindled the Fire, they feemed to be of
fuch combuftible Matter, that the Union might have caft that
Nation into great Convulfions. Thefe things made great Jmprel^
lions on the Duke o{ ^eensbury^ and on fome about him: He
defpaired of fucceeding, and he apprehended his Perfon might
be in danger : One about him wrote to my Lord Treafurer, re-
prefenting the ill Temper the Nation was generally in, and moved
for an Adjournment, that fo with the help of fome Time and
good Management, thofe Difficulties, which feemed then infupe-
rable, might be conquered. The Lord Treafurer told me, his
Anfwer was, that a delay was, upon the Matter, laying the whole
Defign afide ; Orders were given, both in E?igland and Ireland,
to have Troops ready upon call ; and if it was necellary, more
Forces iliould be ordered from Flanders : The French were in no
condition to fend any Afliftance to thofe, who might break out,
fo that the C-ircumftances of the Time were favourable; he de-
fired therefore, that they would go on, and not be alarmed at the
foohfh Behaviour of fome, who, whatever might be given out in
t^heir Names, he believed, had more Wit than to ruin themfelves.
Every Step that was made, and every Vote that was carried, was
with the fame Strength, and met with the lame Oppofition : Both
Parties giving ftri6t Attendance during the whole Seflion, which
lafted for three Months. Many Proteftations were printed, with
every Mail's Vote: In conclufion, the whole Articles of the
;.r>iLii.n ' ^* o .U Treaty

of Queen Anne. 463

Treaty were agreed to, with fome fmall Variations. The Earl of 1-07
Stair^ having maintained the Debate on the laft Day, in which, <-^-v— 1»
all was concluded, died the next Night fuddenly, his Spirits g^'/^j t„.
being quite exhauftcd by the Length and Veliemencc of the De-
bate. The A<5t pafled, and was fent up to London in the begin-
ning of February.

The Queen laid it before the twoHoufes ; the Houfe of Com-
mons agreed to it all, without any Oppofition, (o foon, that it
was thought they interpofed not Delay and Confideration enough,
fuitable to the Importance of fo great a Tranfadlion. The De-
bates were longer and more folemn in the Houle of Lords ; the
Archbifhop oi Ca?iterbury moved, that a Bill might be brought in,
for fecuring the Church o^ England; by it, all Ads, paffed in
favour of our Church, were declared to be in full force for ever;
and this was made a fundamental and eflential Part of the Union.
Some Exceptions were taken to the Words of the Bill, as not fo flrong
as the A.S: palled in Scotland feemed to be, fince the Government
of it was not declared to be unalterable: But they were judged
more proper, fince, where a fupreme Legiflature is once acknow-
ledged, nothing can be unalterable. After this was over, the
Lords entered upon the Confideration of the Articles, as they were >

amended in Scotland , it was pretended, that here a new Con-
ftitution was made, the confequence of which, they faid, was
the altering all the Laws of England. All the Judges were of
opinion, that there was no weight in this ; great Exceptions were
taken to the fmall Proportion, Scotland was rated at, in the lay-
ing on of Taxes ; and their Eled^ion of Peers, to every new Par-
liament, was faid to be contrary to the Nature of Peerage. To
all the Objedlions that were offered, this general Anfwer was
made, that fo great a thing, as the Uniting the whole Ifland into /

one Government, coijrld not be compaffed, but with fome In-
conveniences : But if the Advantage of Safety and Union, was
greater than thofe Inconveniences, then a lefier Evil muft be fub-
mitted to. An Eledtive Peer was indeed a great prejudice to the
Peers oi Scotland, but fince they had fubmitted to it, there was
nojufl occafion given to the Peers o^ England to complain of it.
But the Debate held longeft upon the Matters, relating to the
Government of the Church ; it was faid, here was a real Danger
the Church ran into, when fo many Votes, of Perfons tied to
Presbytery, were admitted to a fhare in the Legiflature. All the
Rigour, with which the Epifcopal Clergy had been treated in
Scotland, was fet forth, to fhew with how implacable a Temper
they were fet againft the Church of England ; yet, in return to
all that, it was now demanded, from the Men of this Church,

to

4(54 The FIistory of the Reign

lyoy. to enad, that \^t Scotch Formfliould continue unalterable, and
to admit thofe to vote among us, who were fuch declared Ene-
mies to our Conftitution. Here was a plaufible Subjedl for popu-
lar Eloquence, and a great deal of it was brought out upon this
occafion, by Hooper, Beveridge, and {bme other Bifhops, and
by the Earls oi Rochejler and Nottingham, But to all this it was
anfwered, that the chief Dangers the Church was in, were from
France and from Popery : fo that wHatfoever lecured us from
thefe, delivered us from our jufteft Fears. Scotland lay on the
weakeft fide of England^ where it could not be defended, but by
an Army: TheCoaleries on the 7/;^^ lay expofed for feveral Miles,
and could not be preferved, but at a great charge, and with a
great force : If a War ihould fall out between the two Nations,
and \{ Scotland ^ovXdi be conquered, yet, even in that cafe, it muft
be united to England, or kept under by an Army : The Danger
of keeping up a Standing Force, in the hands of any Prince, and to
be modelled by him (who might engage the Scotch to join with
that Army and turn upon England) was vifiblc: and any Union,
after fuch a Conqueft, would look like a Force, and fo could not
be lafting; whereas all was now voluntary. As for Church-
matters, there had been fuch Violence ufed by all fides in their
turns, that none of them could reproach the others much, with-
out having it returned upon them too juftly. A fofter Manage-
ment would lay thole Heats, and bring Men to a better Temper:
The Cantons of Switzerland, tho' very zealous in their different
Religions, yet were united in one general Body : The Diet of
G^r;^^;^ was compofed of Men of three different Religions: fo
that feveral Conftitutions of Churches might be put under one
Legiflature; and if there was a danger of either fide, it was much
more likely that 5 1 3 would be too hard for 45, than that 45
would mafter 513; efpecially when the Crown was on their
fide: and there were twenty fix Bifhops in the Houfe of Lords,
to outweigh the fixteen Votes from Scotland. It was indeed faid,
that all in E?igland were not zealous for the Church ; to which
it was anfwered, that by the fame reafon it might be concluded,
that all thofe of Scotland were not zealous for their Way, efpe-
cially when the Favour of the Court lay in the Englijh Scale. The
matter was argued, for the Union, by the ^liho^^oi Oxford, Nor-
isoich and my felf, by the Lord Treafurer, the Earls of Su7jder~
land and Wharton, and the Lords Townpjend and Halifax \ but
above all, by the Lord Somers. Every Divifion of the Houfe was
made, with fo great an inequality, that they were but 20, againft
50 that were for the Union. When all was agreed to, in both
Houfes, ,a Bill was ordered to be brought in to enadl it; which

was

of Qi/vi'i/ A N N ii. 44^1

was prepared by Harcourt, with fo particular a Cbntrivancej that r 767,
it cut off all Debates. The Preamble was a Recital df the Ar- 'rr^r>;i5i-
tides, as they were pafled in Scotlaiid^ together with the Adts
made in both Parliaments, for the Security of their leveral Chur-
ches ; and in conclufion, there came one Ena6ting Claufe, ratify-
ing all. This put thofe, upon great Difficulties, who had refol-
ved to objed to feveral Articles, and to infift on demanding
fome Alterations in them; for they could not come at any De-
bate about them ; they could not objed to the Recital, it being,
merely Matter of fad: ; and they had not Strength enough, to op-
pofe the general Enabling Claufe, nor was it eafy to come at
particulars, and to offer Provifo's relating to them. The Matter
was carried on with fuch Zeal, that it paffed through the Houfe
of Commons, before thofe, who intended to oppofe it, had reco-
vered themfelves out of the Surprize, under which the Form, it
was drawn in, had put them. It did not ftick long in the Houle
of Lords, for all the Articles had been copioufly debated there
for feveral Days, before the Bill was lent up to them : And thus
iiiis great Delign, fo long wiflied and laboured for in vain, was
begun, and happily ended, within the Compais of Nine Months.
The Union was to commence on the Firft of May, and 'till that
time, the two Kingdoms were ftill diftind, and their two Par-
liaments continued ftill to fit.

In Scotland^ they proceeded to difpofe of tlie Sum, provided TheEquiva-
to be the Equivalent : In this, great Partialities appeared, which o?' ^ *^
were much complained of; but there was not Strength to op-
pole them. The Miniftry, and thofe who depended on them,
moved for very extravagant Allowances to thofe, who had been
employed in this laft, and in the former Treaty ; and they made
large Allotments, of fome Publick Debts, that were complained
of as unreafonable and unjuft; by which, a great part of the Sum
was diverted, from anfwering the End, for which it was given.
This was much oppoled by the Squadrone ; but as the Minifters
promoted it, and thofe, who were to get by it, made all the In-
tereft they could to obtain it (fome few of them only excepted,
who, as became generous Patriots, fhewed more regard to
the Publick, than to their private Ends) fo thofe, who had op-
pofed the Union, were not ill pleafed to fee this Sum fo mifap-
plied ; hoping by that means, that the Averfion, which they en-
deavoured to infufe into the Nation againft the Union, would be much
encreafed ; therefore they let every thing go as the Minifters pro-
pofed, to the great grief of thofe, who wiflied well to the Pub-
lick. It was refolved, that the Parliament of England fhould fit
out its Period, which, by the Law for Triennial Parliaments,

Vol.. n. 6 C ran

466 The History of the Reign

jjx^y, ran yet a Year further; it was thought neceflary, to have
-' another Se/Tion continued of the fame Men , who had made
this Union, fince they would more readily confohdate and
ftrengthen their own Work. Upon this ground, it feemed moft
proper,, that the Members, to reprefent *S'c(?^A?W, fhould be na-
med by the Parliament there : Thofe, who had oppoled the U-
riion,' carried their Aver lion to the Squadrone fo far, that they
concurred with the Miniftry in a Nomination, in which very few
of them were included, not above three of the Peers, and fif-
teen Commoners ; fo that greatandjuft Exceptions lay againft ma-
ny, who were nominated to reprefent that Kingdom : all this was
very acceptable to thofe, who had oppofed the Union. The CuA
toms of Scotland were then in a Farm, and the Farmers were the
Creatures of the Miniftry, fome of whom, as was believed, were
Sharers with them : It was vifible, that fince there was to be a
free Trade opened, between Scotland and England^ after the
Firft of May-t and fince the Duties in Scotla7id^ laid on Trade,
were much lower than in Engla?jd, that there would be a great
Importation into Scotland, on the Profped: of the Advantage,
that might be made by fending it into England. Upon fuch an
Emergency, it was reafbnable to break the Farm, as had been
ordinarily done upon lefs reafon, and to take the Cuftoms into
a new Management, that fo the Gain, to be made in the Inters
val, might go to the Publick, and not be left in private Hands :
but the Leafe was coritinued in favour of the Farmers. They
were Men of no Intereft of their own, fo it was not doubted,
but that there was a fecret pradice in the Cafe. Upon the view
of the Gain, to be made by fuch an Importation, it was under-
ftood, that Orders were fent to Holland, and other places, to
buy up Wine, Brandy, and other Merchandize. And another
notorious Fraud was defigned by fome in E?igland\ who, be-
caule of the great Draw-back, that was allowed for Tobacco and
other Plantation Commodities, when exported, were fending
great Quantities to Scotland, on defign to bring them back after
the Firft of May, that fo they might fell them free of that Duty :
So a Bill was offered to the Houfe of Commons, for preventing
this. While this was going on, Harley propofed the joining ano-
ther Claufe, to this effed: ; That all Goods, that were carried Xa
Scotland, after the Firft of February (unlels it were by the natu-
ral-born Subjeds of that Kingdom, inhabiting in it) in cafe they
were imported into England after the Firft of May, fhould be
liable to the Englijh Duties ; and of this the Proof was to lie
on the Importer. This angred all the Scotch, who raifed a high
Clamour upon it^ and faid the Union was broke by itj and that
^'*^ ^ .i . fuch

of Queen A n K' i v\T &^(J7

fuch a Proceeding would have very \\\ Effe<5ls \\\- Scotlctftd. .But 170}'.
the Houfe of Commons were fo alarmed, with the NbWs of ia ' — v-^^-'
vaft Importation, which was aggravated far beyond thfe truth,
and by which they concluded the Trade oi England would great-
ly fuffer, at leaft for a Year or tw(>> that they pafled the Bill,
an(J fent it to the Lords, where it was rejeded; for it appeared
plainly to them, that this was an Infradlion of fome of the Ar-
ticles of the Treaty. It was fuggefted, that a Recefi for fome
days was neceflary, that fo the Commons might have an oppor-
tunity to prepare a Bill, prohibiting all Goods from being brought
to England, that had been fent out, only in order that the Mer-
chants might have the Draw-back allowed. With this view, the
Parliament was prorogued for a few days; but at their next
meeting, the Commons were more inflamed than before: So
they prepared a new Bill, to the fame effed:, only in fome Clau-
les it was more fevere than the former had been : But the Lords
did not agree to it, and fo it fell. ^" '^' "^ "^

Thus far I have carried on the Recital of this great Tranfac-
tion, rather in fifch a general view, as may tranfmit it right to
Poflerity, than in fo copious a Narration, as an Affair of fuch
confequence might leem to deferve : It is very probable, that a
particular Journal, of the Debates in the Parliament of Scotland,
which were long and fierce, may at fome time or other be made
publick: But I hope this may fuffice- for a Hiftory. I cannot,
upon fuch a fignal Occafion, feftrain myfelf from making fome Reflcaions
Refledions, on the Directions of Providence in this matter. It it nion.
certain the Defign on Darien, the great Charge it put the Na-
tion to, and the total Mifcarriage of that Projed, made the tra-
ding Part of that Kingdom fee the Impoffibility of undertaking
any great Defign in Trade ; and that made them the more rea-
dily concur, in carrying on the Union, The wifer Men of that
Nation had obferved long, that Scotland lay at the mercy of the
Miniflry, and that every new Set of Minifters made ufe of their
Power, to enrich themfelves and their Creatures, at the CofI: of
the Publick ; that the Judges, being made by them, were in
fuch a Dependance, that fince there are no Juries allowed in
Scotland in Civil Matters, the whole Property of the Kingdom
was in their hands, and by their means in the hands of the Mi-
nifters : They had alfo obferved, how ineffedual it had been to
complain of them at Court: It put thofe, who ventured on it, to
a vail Charge, to no other purpofe, but to expofe them the
more to the Fury of the Miniflry. The poor Noblemen, and
the poor Burroughs made a great Majority in their Parliament,
and were eafily to be purchafed by the Court : So they faw no

hopes

4(5 8 The History of the Reign

1707. hopes of a Remedy to fuch a Mifchief, but by an incorpora-
tino" Union with England. Thefe Thoughts were much quick-
ncd, by the Profpe^l of recovering, what they had loft in that ill-
concerted Undertaking of Darie?i ; and this was fo univerfal and
fo operative, that the Defign on Darien-t which the yacobites
had fet on foot and profecuted with fo much fury, and ^'ith
bad Intentions, did now engage many to promote the Union,
who, without that Coniideration, would have been at leaft neu-
tral, if not backward in it. The Court was engaged to promote-
the Union, on account of the Ad; of Security, paft in the Year
1 704, which was imputed chiefly to the Lord Treafurer: Threat-
nings, of Impeaching him for advifing it, had been often let fall,
and upon that, his Enemies had fet their chief hopes of pulling
him down : for though no proof could be brought of his Coun-
fel in it, yet it was not doubted, but that his Advice had deter-
mined the Queen to pafs it. An Impeachment was a word of
an odious found, which would engage a Party againft him, and
diforder a Sellion of Parliament ; and the leaft ill effed: it might
have, would be to oblige him to withdraw from Bufinefs, which
was chiefly aimed at. The Queen was very fenflble, that his ma-
naging the great Truft he was in, in the manner he did, made all
the reft of her Government both fafe and eafy to her; fo flie fpared
no pains to bring this about, and it was believed fhe was at no
fmall Coft to compals it, for thofe of Scotlatid had learned from
England^ to fet a Price on their Votes, and they expeded to be
well paid for them: The Lord Treafurer didalfo beftir himfelf in
this matter, with an Adivity and Zeal, that feemed not to be in
his nature : and indeed, all the application, with which the
Court fet on this Affair, was neceflary to mafter the Oppofltioi>
and Difficulties, that fprang up in the progress of it. That
which compleated all was, the low State to which the Affairs of
F7~ance were reduced : They could neither fpare Men, nor Mo-
ney, to fupport their Party, which otherwife they would un-
doubtedly have done : They had, in imitation of the Exchequer-
Notes here in Engla?id, given out Mint-Bills^ to a great Value ;
fome faid two hundred Millions of Livres : Thefe were ordered
to be taken, by the Subjedls in all Payments, as Money to the full
Value, but were not to be received in payments of the King's
Taxes : This put them under a great Difcredit, and the Fund
created, for repaying them, not being thought a good one, they
had funk 70 per Cent. This created an unexprefllble Diforder
in all Payments, and in the whole Commerce of France : All
the Methods, that were propofed for railing their Credit, had
proved ineffedual ; for they remained after all, at the Difcount
ul I . of

- -/

The Slip-

s''

an:ed.

^,:^ Qifeeti AN,,isif •,,Ar 4^9

o^ ^^ per Cent. A Court, in this dif^refs, wa^ not in ^ condi- 1707
tion to fpare much, to fupport fuch' ah.rncorifidcrable Infe^efl,
as they efteemed their Party in Scotland : fo they had hot the
afTiftance, which they promifed themrelves frohi thence. The
conjundure, of all thefe things meeting togcthefj. wliich brought
this great Work to a happy conclufion, vVas fo fc^mafkablc, that
I hope my laying it all in gap view, will be tlio'tjc^ht no imperti-
.nent Digrellion.

This was the chief Bufinels of the Seflion of Parliament: and
it was brought about, here in England^' both fooner, and with
lefs Difficulty, than was expeded. The Grant of the Supplies
went, on quicker, than was ufual. There was only one Parti- pUcswcrd
cular, to which great Objedlions were made: Upon the great
and early Succefs of the former Campaign, it was thought necef-
fary to follow that, with other Projc6ts, that drew on a great
Expence, beyond what had been eftim^ted, and laid before the
Parliament. An Imbarkation, firft defigned againft France^ and
afterwards fent to Portugal', and the extraordinary Supplies, that
the Duke of Savojs Affairs called for, amounted to about
800,000/. more, than had been provided for by Parliament. Some
complained of this, and faid, that if a Miniftry could thus run ''^•'

the Nation into a great Charge, and expeft that the Parliament
mud pay the Reckoning, this might have very ill Confequences.
But to this it was anfwered, that a Miniftry deferved publick
Thanks, that had followed our Advantages, with fuch Vigour :
If any thing was raifed without neceflity, or ill applied^ under
the pretence of ferving the Publick, it was very . reafonable to
enquire into it, and to, let it fall heavy on thofe, who were in
fault: But if no other Exception lay to it, than becaufe the mat-
ter could not be forefeen, nor communicated to the Parliament,
before thofe Accidents happened, that occadoned the Expence,
it was a very unjuft Difcouragement, if Minifters were to be
quarrelled with, for their Care and Zeal : So it was carried by a
great Majority, to difcharge this Debt. All the other Supplies,
and among them the Equivalent for Scot/ami, were given, and
lodged on good Funds : So that no Seflion of Parliament had
ever raifed fo much, and fecured it fo well, as this had done.
The Seflion came to a happy conclufion, and the Parliament to
an end. But the Queen, by virtue of a Claufe in the A61 of
Union, revived it by Proclamation. Upon this, many of the
Scotch Lords came up, and were very well received ; two of
them, Montrofe and Roxburgh, were rtiade Dukes in Scotland,
fome of them were made Privy Counfellours in England-, and a
CommifTion, for a new Council, was fent to Scotla?id : There ap-
^*^^ Vol. II. = 6 D peared

cation

70 The History of the Reign

1707. peared foon two different Parties, among the Scotch ; fome of them
*- — ^ — ' moved, that there fhould neither be a diftinft Government, nor a
Privy Council continued there, but that all fliould be brought
imder one Adminiftration, as the feveral Counties in England
were ; They faid, the fooner all were confolidated,inall relpcdls,
into one Body, the Poflibility of feparating and difuniting them,
would be the fooner extinguifhed; this was prefled with the moft
Earneftnefs by thofe, who were weary of the prefent Miniftry,
and longed to fee their Power at an end : But the Miniftry, who
had a mind to keep up their Authority, faid, there was a necef-
-'J' fity of preferving a fhew of Greatnefs, and a form of Govern-
ment in thofe Parts, both for fubduing the Jacobites, and that
the Nation might not be difgufted, by too fudden an Alteration
of outward Appearances. The Court refolved to maintain theMi-
niftry there, till the next Seffion of Parliament, in which newMea-
fures might be taken. Thus our Affairs were happily fettled at
home, and the Firft of May was celebrated, with a decent So-
lemnity, for then the Union took place.
Proceedings The Convocation fat this Winter ; and the fame Temper, that
in Convo- j^^j f-Qj. fomc Ycars poffeffed the Lower floufe, did ftill prevail a-
mongthem : When the Debates concernmg the Union were before
the Parliament, fome in the Lower Houfe fpoke very tragically on
that Subjed:: a Committee was named to confider of the prefent
Danger of the Church, though but a little while before, they
had concurred with the Bifhops, in a very refpedful Addrefs to
the Qiieen, in which it was acknowledged, that the Church was,
under her Majefty's Adminiftration, in a fafe and flourifhing Con-
dition : This was carried, by the private Management of fome af-
piring Men amongft them, who hoped by a piece of skill to fhew
what they could do, that it might recommend them to farther
Preferment ; they were much cried out on, as Betrayers of their
Party, for carrying that Addrefs ; fo to recover their Credit, and
becaufe their hopes from the Court were not fp promifing, they
refolved now to ad another part. It was given out, that they in-
tended to make an Application to the Houfe of Commons, a-
gainft the Union ; to prevent that, the Queen wrote to the Arch-
bifhop, ordering him to prorogue them for three Weeks : by this
means that Defign was defeated, for before the end of the three
Weeks, the Union had paffed both Houfes. But, when one fac-
tious Defign failed, they found out another ; they ordered a Re-
prefentation, to be made to the Bifhops, which fet forth, that
ever fince the Submiffion of the Clergy in He?iry the VIII's time,
which was for a courfe of 173 Years, no fuch Prorogation had
ever been ordered, during the fitting of Parliament: and
'^ they

of Queen A"N'Ni:. ^T ^ji

they befoiight the Bifhops, that from the confcienti'oti^ 'fegk^cJj i^Sj.
which they doubted not they had, for the welfare of this Gliiirch, " — V— ^
they would ufc their utmofl: endeavours, that thty might ftill
enjoy thofe Ufages, of which they werje poffeffed, and which
they had never mifemployed : With this, they brought lip'ii'St^e^
dule, containing, as they faid, all the Dates of the Prorogations,
both of Parlianient and Convocation, thereby' to makfc good
their Affertion : And to cover thiis /teeming Complaint of the "'^

Queen's Proceedings, they paifcd a Vote, that they did not in-*
tend to enter into any Debate, concerning the Validity of the
late Prorogation, to which they had humbly fubmitted. It was
found to be a ftrange and a bold Afierrion, that this Prorogation
was without a Precedent : Their Charge, in the preferving their U-
fages, on the Confciences of the Bifhops, infmuared that this was
a Breach made on them : The Bifhops faw this was plainly an At-
tempt on the Queen's Supremacy ; fo they ordered it to be laid
before her Majefly : and they ordered alfo a Search to be made
into the Records. For though it was an undoubted Maxim, that
nothing but a pofitive Law could hmit the Prdtogativc, which at
Non-ufage could not do; yet they ordered the Schedule, offtt-"
ed by the Lower Houfe, to be compared with the Records : they
found that feven or eight Prorogations had been ordered, during
the fitting of Parliament, and there were about thirty or forty
more, by which it appeared, that the Convocation fat fometimes
before, and fometimes after a Seflion of Parliament, and fat
fometimes, even when the Parliament 'was difTolved. Upon all
this, the Queen wrote another more fevere Letter to the Arch.bi-
fhop, complaining of the Clergy, for not only continuing their
illegal Practices, but reflefting on her late Order, as without a
Precedent, and contrary to ancient Ufages ; which as it was un-
true in fadl, fo it was an Invafion of her Supremacy: She had
fhewed much Tendernefs to the Clergy, but if any thing of
this nature fhould be attempted for the future, fhe would ufe
means warranted by Law, for punifhing Offenders, how unwil^
ling foever fhe might be to proceed to fuch meafures. When the
day came, on which this was to be communicated to the Low-
er Floufe, the Prolocutor had gone out of Town, without
fo much as asking the Archbifhop's leave, fo a very fmall num-
ber of the Clergy appeared : Upon this fignal Contempt, the
Archbifhop pronounced him contumacious, and referred the fur-
ther cenfuring him to the day, he fet for their next meeting : The
Prolocutor's Party prefTed him to fland it out, and to make no
SubmifTion ; but he had founder Advice given him, by fome
who underfiiood the Law better ; fo he made a full Submiffion,

with

472 Tbe.HisTORY of the Reign

1^07. with which the Archbifhop. was fatisfied: Yet a Party continued,
.,^^^^ with great Impudence to aflert, that their Schedule was true, and
that the Queen ; was mifinformed, though the Lord Chancellor,
made now a Peer of Englandy and the Lord Chief Juflice Holt^
had, i^ppn perijfal of the Records, affirmed to the Queen, that
, their yyKrtionv^as.,falfe, and that there were many Precedents,
for fucl^ Prorogations.
AfFairs in And now I rnufl look abroad into foreign Affairs. The French
'''•^' were jpfing plae^ after pla9e in Lo7nbardy : Cremo7jay Mantua^
;and the, Citadel of M;7«;^, were the only places, that were left
\i\ their handsij.-ItjWas pot poiTible to maintain thefe long, with-
9i^j^-greater force, , nor was it eafy to convey that to theni, On
the other hand, the reducing thofe Fortrefles was like to be a
^yvork .pf , timcj which would fatigue the Troops, and would
bring a great Charge with it; fo a Capitulation was propofed,
for delij^ering up thofe places, and for allowing \h^ French
;Trp<)pS'.^ free March X.o Dauphiny. As foon as this was lent to
Viemm^ ;)X. was agreed to, without communicating it to the P%\.-
lie$, "rWhich gave juft caufe oi offence : It was faid in excufe, that
every Qfperal fcdj^ .P^}y.^f to agree to a Capitulation ; fo the
Emperor,; in thi^ jc^ie, w^^pot bound to ftay^ for the Confent
of the Alliqs. ^XWs V^'^ true, if the Capitulation had been for one
lingle ,place, 'ibup-,, this was of the nature of a Treaty, being of a
greater ^xfent :, By this, the French faved ten or,;i 2000 Men, who
niuft all have.b^eni ip,, a little time, made Prifoners of War':
They w^re yetefa;ne Troops,, and were fent into Spain y of which
we quickly felt the ill Effe^Sj.^^,^.-, . /

■ji33rLe Defign was formed, for the following Campaign, after this
manner : The Duke oi Savoy undertook to march an Army into
France^ and to a6l there, as fliould be concerted by the Allies :
Some propofed the marching through Dauphiny^ to the River of
i}^Q Rhone y and fo up \j:>Fyons: But an Attempt upon 'Toulon
was thought the moll important thing, that could be defigned;
fo .that was fettled on. Marefchal Tejje was fent to fecure the
Paffes, and to cover France on that fide. This Winter the Prince
of Baden died, little efteemed, and little lamented ; the Mar-
quift,;of Bareith had the Command of the Army, on the Up-
per Rhine^i from whom lefs was expedled ; he was fo ill fupport-
edj that he could do nothing. The Court of Vienna was fo let
op,: the Redudion of Hungary ^ that they thought of nothing
elfe \ The Hungarians were vcxj numerous, but they wanted
both Officers and Difcipline : Ragotzi had poffeffed himfelf of
^Imoft all Tranjilvania, and the Hungarians were fo alienated
ironi the Emperor, that they were confulting about chuling a new
,King. The

of Queen A n xN ^\ - ^'^ 47 3^ ,

The Eyes of ^\\ Europe were upon the K.n\\i, oi Sweder^, who ijo^.t
having poflefled himfclf of Saxony ^ made King Augujlus fbon *— p*'"'*^
feel, that now, that his Hereditary Dominions were in his Ene- iund
my's hands, he could no longer maintain the War in Poland^:;
So a Treaty was fet on foot, with fiich fecreey, that it was con- .^

eluded, before it was apprehended to be in agitation. King Au-
gujlus was only waiting for a fit Opportunity, to .disengage him- .i
felf from his Polanders^ and from the Mufcoviies ; an Incident
happened that had almoft imbroiled all again: The Polanders
and Mufcovites attacked a Body of Swedes^ at a great difadvan-
tage, being much fuperior to them in number; So the Swedes
were almoft cut to pieces. King Augujlus had no fhare in this,
and did all that he durft venture on, to avoid it: He paid dear
for it, hard Conditions were put on him, to which the neceflity
of his affairs forced him to fubmit. He made all the hafte, he
fafcly could, to get out of Poland : he refigncd back their
Crown to them, and was contented with the empty name of
King, though that feemcd rather to be a reproach , than any-
acceilion of Honour to his Eledoral Dignity ; He thought other-,
wife, and ftipulated that it fhould be continued to him : , He was
at mercy, for he had neither Forces nor Treafure. It was thought
the King of iSw^^/^^ treated him with too much rigour, when he
had fo entirely maftered him: The other was as little pitied, as
he deferved to be, for by many wrong Pradices, he had drawn
all his Misfortunes on himfelf The King oi Sweden, being in
the heart of Germany, in fo formidable a Pofture, gave great
Apprehenfions to the Allies. The French made ftrong applica-
tions to him, but the Courts oiPruJfta and Hanover were in
fuch a concert with that King, that they gave the reft of the Al-
lies great affurances, that he would do nothing, to difturb the
Peace of the Empire, nor to weaken the Alliance : The Court
of France prefled him to offer his Mediation for a general Peace;*
all the anfwer he gave was, that if the Allies made the like Ap-
plication to him, he would interpofe, and do all good Offices in
a Treaty. So he refufed to enter into any feparate meafures with
France, yet the Court oiVietina was under a great apprehenfion,
of his feeking matter for a Quarrel with them. The Czar at
this time over-run Poland, fo that King Stanijlaus was forced to
fly into Saxony, to the King of Sweden, for Protcdion : both
he and his Queen ftayed there all the Winter, and a great part
of this Summer. The Czar prefled the Pola?jders to proceed to
the Eledlion of another King, but could not carry them to that j
fo it was generally believed, that they were refolved to come to a
Treaty with fving Stanijlaus, and to fettle the Quiet of that King-
.-jiVot.^II. 6 E dom

474 ^^^ History of the Reign

in on. dom, exhaufled by a long and deftru dive War. ^VhtCzar tried, if it
' — v" — ' were pofTible to come to a Peace with the King of Sweden, and
made great Offers in order to it ; but that King was implacable,
and feemed refolved to pull him down, as he had done King
The Cha- Auguflus. That King's Defigns were impenetrable, he advifed
rafter of the ^-^j^ f^^^ ^^^ {^^pj himfelf on great referves with all foreign Mi-
sv:tdin. nifters, whom he would not fuffer to come near him, except
wiien they had a particular Meffage to deliver. Our Court was
advifed, by the Eledor of Hanover, to fend the Duke of Marl-
borough to Him : It was thought this would pleafe him much, if
it had no other effed; fo he went thither, but could gain no
ground on him. He affeded a negled of his Perfon, both in
Cloaths, Lodging, and Diet; all was fimple, even to meannefs,
nay, he did not fo much as allow a decent Cleanlinefs : He ap-
peared to have a real Senfe of Religion, and a Zeal for it, but it
was not much enlightned : He feemed to have no notion of Pub-
lick-Liberty, but thought Princes ought to keep their Promifes
religioufly, and to obferve their Treaties pundually : He render-
ed himfelf very acceptable to his Army, by coming fo near their
way of living, and by his readinefs to expofe his own Perfon,
and to reward Services done him : H£ had little Tendernefs in
his nature, and was a fierce Enemy, too rough, and too favage :
He looked on Foreign Miniflers, as Spies by their Charader, and
treated them accordingly ; and he ufed his own Minifters, rather
as Inftruments to execute his Orders, than as Counfellors.
prrpofuions The Court of Fratjce finding they could not prevail on him,
for a Peace, made a publick Application to the Pope, for his mediating a
Peace : They offered the Dominions in Italy to King Charles^
to the States a Barrier in t]itNetherlancisy2in6. a Compenfation to the
T)\i\iQ o^ Savoy, for the wafle made in his Country; provided,
that on thofe Conditions, King Philip fhould keep Spai?jy and
the Wejl-Indies. It was thought, the Court of Vien?ia wifhed
this Projed might be entertained, but the other Allies were fo
difgufted at it, that they made no fteps toward it : The Court
of Fiemta did what they could, to confound the Defigns of this
Campaign ; for they ordered a Detachment of i 2,000 Men to
march, from the Army in Lotnbardy, to the Kingdom o{ Naples.
The Court of England, the States, and the Duke of Savoy, ftu-
died to divert this, with the warmeft inftances poffible, but in
vain : though it was reprefented to that Court, that if the Duke
of Savoy could enter into Provence, with a great Army, that
would cut off all Supplies, and Communication with France :
{o that Succefs, in this great Defign, would make Naples and
Sicily fall into their hands of courfc; but the Imperial Qourt was

ioflex-

of Queen Anne. 475

inflexible : They pretendied, they had given their Party in Naples 1 707.
fuch Affurances of an Invafion, that if they failed in it, they ex- '—"'>' — ^
pofed them all to be deftroyed, and thereby they might provoke
the whole Country, to become their moft inveterate Enemies. Thus
they took up a Refolution, without confulting their Allies, and
then pretended that it was fixed, and could not be altered.

The Campaign was opened very fatally inSpain : KingC>6^r/^j The Bjttd
pretended, there was an Army coming into Catalonia from Rouf- za.
fillon j and that it was neceffary for him, to march into that
Country : The dividing a Force, when the whole together was
not equal to the Enemy's, has often proved fatal ; He ought to have
made his Army as ftrong as pofllbly he could, and to have marched
with it to Madrid'^ for the reft o{ Spain would have fallen into
his hands, upon the Succefs of that Expedition. But heperfifted
in his firft Refolution, and marched away with a part of the
Army, leaving about 16000 Men under the Earl of Gallways
command. They had eaten up all their Stores in Vakntia^ and
could fubfift no longer there ; fo they were forced to break into
Cajlile : The Duke of Berwick cameagainft them with an Army,
not much fuperiour to theirs : But the Court of France had fent
the Duke of Orleans into Spain-, with fome of the beft Troops,
that they had brought from Italy j and thefe joined the Duke of
Berwick-, a day before the two Armies engaged. Some Deferters
came over, and brought the Earl of Gallway the news of the Con-
jund:ion ; but they were not believed, and were looked on as
Spies, fent to frighten them. A Council of War had refolved to
venture on a Battel, which the State of their Affairs feemed to
make neceffary : They could not fubfift where they were, nor
be fubfifted if they retired back into Valentia ; fo on the 1 4th of
April-i the two Armies engaged in the Plain of Almanza. The
Englijh and Dutch beat the Enemy, and broke through twice ;
but the Portuguese gave way : upon that the Enemy, who were
almoft double in number, both Horfe and Foot, flanked them,
and a total Rout followed, in which about 10,000 were killed
or taken prifoners. The Earl of Gallway was twice wounded ;
once fo near the Eye, that for fome time it put him out of a ca-
pacity of giving Orders : but at laft he, with fome other Officers,
made the beft Retreat they could. Our Fleet came happily on
that Coaft, on the day that the Battel was fought ; fo he was fup-
plied from thence, and he put Garifons into Denia and Alicant^
and retired to the Ebro-, with about 3000 Horfe and almoft as
many Foot. The Duke of Orleans purfued the Viftory ; Valen-^
tia fubmitted, and fo did Saragoza ; fb that the Principality of
Catalgnia was ail, that remained in King Charki\ obedience. The

King

47 <5 The History af the Reign

1707. King of Porttigal died this Winter, but that made no great change
in Affairs there : The young King agreed to every thing that was
propofed to him by the AUys; yet the Portugueze were under a
great Confternation, their befl: Troops being either cut off, or at
that time in Catalo?iia.

Marfhal Villars was fent to command in Alface : He under-
ftood that the Lines of Stolhoven were ill kept, and weakly man-
ned ; fo he pafled the Rhiiu-, and without any lofs and very lit-
tle oppofition he broke through, and feized on the Artillery, and
on fuch Magazines as were laid in there. Upon this fhameful
Difgrace, the Germans retired to Hailbron : The Circle of Sua-
bia was now open, and put under Contribution ; and Fillars de-
signed to penetrate as far as to Bavaria. The blame of this
Mifcarriage was laid chiefly on the Imperial Court, who neither
fent their Quota thither, nor took care to fettle a proper General
for the defence of the Empire. \w Flanders the French Army,
commanded by the Duke of Vendome^ came and took pofl: at Gem-
blourst in a fafe Camp; the Duke of Marlborough lay at Melderi
in a more open one : Both Armies were about 100,000 ftrong;
but the French were rather fuperiour to that number.

In the Month of June, the Defign upon Toulon began to ap-
pear : The ilueen and the States fent a flrong Fleet thither, com-
manded by Sir Cloudejly Shovel \ who, from mean beginnings,
had rifen up to the fupreme Command ; and had given many
Proofs of great Courage, Condudl and Zeal, in the whole courle
of his Life. Prince Eugene had the command of the Imperial
Army, that was to lecond the Duke of Savoy in this Underta-
king, upon the Succefs of which the final Conclufion of the War
depended. The Army was not fo flrong, as it was intended it
fliould have been : The Detachment of i 2,000 Men was ordered
to march to Naples ; and no Applications could prevail at the
Court of Vienna^ to obtain a delay in that Expedition : There
were alfo eight or ten thoufand Recruits, that were promifed to
be fent to reinforce Prince Eugene^ which were ftopt in Germa-
ny \ for the Emperor was under fuch Apprehenfions of a Rupture
with Sweden^ that he pretended it was abfolutely neceflary, for
his own lafety, to keep a good Force at home. Prince Eugene
had alfo Orders, not to expofe his Troops too much ; by this
means they were the lefs ferviceable : Notwithflanding thefe Dif-
. appointments, the Duke of Savoy, after he had for fome Weeks
covered his true Defign, by a Feint upon Dauphinyy by whicji
he drew moft of the French Troops to that fide ; as foon as he
heard that the Confederate Fleet was come upon the Coaft, he
..m^de^a very quick March through Ways, that were thought imr-
yfjijf I pra<aicable,

of Queen Anne. 477

prafticable, on to the River /^^r, where the iv-^;;f>6 had caft up 1707.
fuch Works, that it was reckoned thefe miift have flopt his paf-
fmg the River : and they would have done it cffcdually, if (onic
Ships had not been fent in from the Fleet, into the mouth of the
River, to attack thefe where there was no defence j becau(c no
Attack from that fide was apprehended. By this means they
were forced to abandon their Works, and fo the PalTage over the
River was free : Upon this, that Duke entred Provence-, and made
all the hafte he could towards Toulon. The Artillery and Am-
munition were on board the Fleet, and were to be landed near
the Place, fo the March of the Army was as little encumbrcd as
was pollible ; yet it was impofiible to ad\ ance with much hafte in
an Enemy's Country, where the Proviiions were either deftroyed
or carried into fortified Places, which tho'they might have eafily
been taken, yet no time was to be loft in executing the great De-
fign ; fo this retarded the March for fome days : Yet in conclu-
iion they came before the Place, and were quickly mafters of
fbme of the Eminencies, that commanded it. At their firfl
coming, they might have poilefled themfelves of another called
St.A7ines Hill^ if Prince £//^^«^ had executed the Duke o{ Sa-
voy\ Orders : He did it not, which raifed a high Difcontent ; but
he excufed himfelf, by fhewing the Orders he had received, not
to expofe the Emperor's Troops. Some days were loft by the
roughnefs of the Sea, which hindred the Ships from landing the
Artillery and Ammunition. In the mean while, the Troops of
prance were ordered to march from all parts to Toulon : The Gar-
rifon within was very ftrong ; the Forces that were on their
march to Spain., to profecute the Vidory oi Almanza, were coun-
termanded; and fo great a part of Villars^ Army was called
away, that he could not make any further progrefs in Germa?iy.
So that a great Force was, from all hands, marching to raife this
Siege ; and it was declared, in the Court of France, that the Duke
of Burgundy would go and lead on the Army. The Duke of
Savoy loft no time, but continued Cannonading the Place, while
the Fleet came up to bombard it : They attack'd the two Forts,
that commanded the Entrance into the Mole with fuch fury, that
they made themfelves mafters of them ; but one of them was
afterwards blown up. Thofe within the Town were not idle :
They funk fome Ships, in the Entrance into the Mole, and fired
furioufly at the Fleet, but did them little harm : They beat the
Duke of Savoy, out of one of his moft important Pofts, which was
long defended by a gallant Prince of Saxe-Gotha ; who not being
fupported in time, was cut to pieces. This Poft was afterwards
regained, and the Fleet continued for fome days to bombard die
Vol. II. 6 F Place.

478 The History of the Reign

1707. Place. But in the end, the Duke oi Savoy^ whofe Strength had
^"""'^'^"■^ never been above 30,000 Men, feeing fo great a Force marching
towards him, who might intercept his paffage, and fo deftroy his
whole Army; and there being no hope of his carrying the Place,
found it neceflary to march home in time: which he did with fo
much order and precaution, that he got back into his own Coun-
try, without any lofs ; and foon after his return, he fate down
It failed in \)Q^ort Suza^ and took it in a fev^ weeks. Our Fleet did all the
tion. execution they could on the Town : their Bombs fet fome places

on fire, which they believed were Magazines; for they conti-
nued burning for many hours ; in conclufion, they failed off:
They left behind them a Fleet of fix and twenty Ships in the
Mediterranean^ and the great Ships failed homewards. Thus
this great Defign, on which the eyes of all Europe were fet, failed
in the execution, chiefly by the Emperor's means : England and
the States^ performed all that was expeded of them, nor was the
Duke oi Savoy wanting on his part; though many fulpeded him,
as backward, and at leaft cold in the Undertaking. It was not
yet perfedly underftood what Damage the French fuftained :
Many of their Ships were rendered unferviceable, and continue
to be fo fiill : Nor did they let out any Fleet all the followin?
Winter; though the Affairs of King Charles in Spain were then
fo low, that if they could have cut off the Communication by
Sea, between Italy and Spain-, they muft foon have been Maf-
ters of all, that was left in his hands : fo that from their fitting
out no Fleet at Toulon., it was concluded, that they could ndt
do it. "When the Defign upon Toulon was broke, more Troops
were fent into Spain : The Earl of Gallway did, with incredible
. Diligence and Adivity, endeavour to repair the lols at Almanza.,
as much as was poffible: The Supplies and Stores that he had
from our Fleet, put him in a Capacity to make a ftand ; he form-
ed a new Army, and put the firong Places in the bcft pofiure he
could ; Lerida was the mofi: expofed, and fo was the beft looked
to; Tortofa, Tarrago7ia., and Giro7me., were alfo well fortified,
and good Garrifons were put in them. The Attempt on Toulon^
as it put a flop to all the Motions of the Frejtch^ fo it gave him
time to put the VnviCi'^^Yity o^ Catalonia in a good fiate of dc-
TbeSieE^e fence. The Duke of Orlea?2S., being reinforced with Troops
from France^ fat down before Lerida, in the end of September,
with an Army of 30,000 Men : The Place was commanded by a
Prince of Heffe, who held out above forty Days: After fome
time, he was forced to abandon the Town, and to retire into
the Cafi:le ; the Army fuffered much in this long Siege. When
the Befieged faw how long they could hold out, they ga-ve

.1. the

of Ltrida.

of Queen Anne. 47p

the Earl of Gj//u'^ notice, iif.m which he intended to have 1707.
raifcd the Siege; and if the King oi Spain would have confcnted *-^ '^'"^
to his drawing, out of the other Garrifbns, fuch a Force as might
liave been fpared, he undertook to raife it, which was believed
might have been cafily done : and if he had fuccceded, it would
liave given a new turn to all the Affairs of Spain. But Coujit
Avoyelles, who was well pradifed in the arts of Flattery, and knew
liow much King Charles was alienated from the Earl of Gallwajy
for the honcft Freedom he had ufed with him, in laying before <
him fome Errors in his Condudl, fet himfelf to oppofe this, ap-
prehending that Succefs in it, would have raifed the Earl of
Gallway\ Reputation again, which had fuffered a great diminu-
tion by the Adion o{ Almanza: He faid, this would expofe the
little Army they had left them, to too great a hazard ; for if the
Defign mifcarried,' it might occafion a Revolt of the whole Prin-
cipality. Thus the Humours of Princes are often more regarded
than their Intereft ; die Delign of relieving Lerida was laid alide.
The French Army was diminifhed a fourth part, and the long
Siege had fo fatigued them, that it was vifible, the raifing it
would have been no difficult Performance, but the thoughts of
that being given over, Lerida capitulated in the beginning of
November : The Spaniards made fome feeble Attempts, on the
fide of Portugal, with fuccels, for little ReGftance was made ;
the Portuguefe excufing themfelves by. their feeblencis, fince their
beft Troops were in Catalo7tia.

King Charles, finding his Affairs in 10 ill a condition, wrote Relief fcnt
to the Emperor, and to the other Allies, to fend him Supplies, ^° ^^'""'
with all poffible hafle: Stanhope was fent over, to prefs the
Queen and the States to difpatch thefe the fooner. At the end
of the Campaign in Italy, 7000 of the Imperial Troops were
prepared to be fent over to Barcelona : and thefe were carried
in the Winter, by the Confederate Fleet, without any diflurbance
given them, by the French. Recruits and Supplies of all forts
were fent over from England, and from the States to Portucral.
But while the Houfe i^ Aufiria was ftruggling with great diffi-
culties, two pieces of Pomp and Magnificence confumed a great
part of their Treafure : An Embaffy was fent from Lisbon, to
demand the Emperor's Sifter for that King, which was done with
an unufual and extravagant Expence : A Wife was to be fought
for King Charles, among the Proteflant Courts, for there was
not a fuitable Match in the Popifh Courts : He had feen the
Princefs oi Anfpach, and was much taken with her ; fo that great
applications were made, to perfuade her to change her Religion,
but fhe could not be prevailed on, to buy a Crown at fo dear a

rate*.

^48 o The History of the Reign

1707. rate : And foon after, fhe was married to the Prince Eledoral of
^""^ — -' Brunfwicky which gave a glorious Character of her to this Nation ;
and her pious Firmnefs is Hke to be rewarded, even in this Life,
by a much better Crown, than that which fhe reje<5led. The
Princefs of Wolfenbutle was not fo firm ; fo fhe was brought to
Vienna^ and fome time after was married by proxy to K. Charles^
and was fent to Italy^ in her way to Spain. The Solemnity, with
which thefe Matters were managed, in all this Diflrefs of their.
Affairs, confumed a vaft deal of Treafure ; for fuch was the Pride
of thofe Courts on fuch Occalions, that, rather than fail in a point
of Splendor, they would let their moft important Affairs go to
wreck. That Princefs was landed at Barcelona : And the Queen
of Portugal the fame year came to Holland-^ to be carried to. Lisbon^
by a Squadron of the EngliJJj Fleet. ,

The Con- But whilc Matters were in a doubtful State in Spain., the Expe-
nI^IcI dition to Naples had all the Succefs, that was expeded : The De-
tachment from Lombardy marched thro' the Eccleliaftical State,
and ftmck no fmall Terror into the Court of Ro7?je, as they pafs'd
near it : It was apprehended, fome Refiftance would have been
made in Naples, by thofe who governed there under King Philip:
But the in-bred Hatred the Neapolitans bore the French, together
with the Severities of their Government, had put that whole King-
dom, into fuch a Difpolition to revolt, that the fmall Party, which
adhered to King Philip, found it not advifeable to offer any re-
fiftance, fo they had only time enough to convey their Treafure,
and all their richeft Goods to Cayeta, and to retire thither : They
reckoned, they would either be relieved from France by Sea, or
obtain a good Capitulation : or if that failed, they had fome Ships
and Galleys, in which, they might hope to efcape. The Impe-
rialijls took poffellion of Naples, where they were received with
great Rejoicings ; their ill Condu(5t quickly moderated that Joy,
and very much difpofed the Neapolitans to a fecond Revolt : But
upon Applications, miade to the Courts of Vienna and Barcelona,
the Exceffes of the hnperialifis, who carried their ravenous dilpo-
iition with them wherefoever they went, were fomewhat corredled,
fo'Vhat they became more tolerable. As foon as a Government
could be fettled at Naples, they undertook the Siege of Cayeta,
which went on at firft very ilowly : So that thole v/ithin feemed
to apprehend nothing fo much, as the want of Provifions, upon
which, they fent the few Ships they had to Sicily, to bring them
Supplies, for all they might warit ; when thefe v/ere fent away,
the Imperialijls, knowing what a rich Booty was lodged in the
Place, preffed it very hard, and, in concluiion, took it by ftorm;
and fo were Maflers of all the Wealth, that was in it : The Gar-

rilon

cf Queen A N N fii

rifon retired into the Caftle, but thcy were foon after forcca td
furrender, and were all made Prifoners of War. It was propofed
to follow this Succefs, with an Attempt upon Sicily : But it was
not eafy to {upp\y JVap/es with Bread; nor was our Fleet at liber-
ty to aflift them; for they were ordered to lie on the Qjaft of*
Spain, and to wait there for Orders : when thefe arrived, they
required them to carry the Marquefs das Minas and the Earl of
Gallway, with the Forces of Portugal, to Lisbon ; which was
happily performed: and the Earl of Gallway found the Charader
and Powers of anAmbafllidor, lying for him there. The Thoughts,
of attempting Sicily, were therefore laid afide for this time ; tho'
the Sicilians were known to be in a very good difpofition to en-
tertain it. A fmall Force was fent, from Naples, to feize on thole
Places, which lay on the Coaft of Tufcany, and belonged to the
Crown of Spai7i : Some of them were foon taken, but Porto
Longofie and Port Her cole made a better Refiftance : This was the
State of Affairs in Italy and Spain all this Year, and till the open-
ing of the Campaign the next Year.

Miliars continued in Germany, laying Suabia under heavy Con- ^^^.^.^ ^^
tributions; and very probably he would have penetrated into the ;?/?;«<■
Bavaria, if the Detachments, he was ordered to fend away, had
not fo weakned his Army, that he durft not venture further, nor
undertake any conliderable Siege. While the Empire was thus
Gxpofed, all Mens Eyes turned towards the Eledlor of Brimfwick,
as the only Perfon, that could recover their Aflcaixs out of thofe
Extremities, into which they were brought: The Emperor prefled
him to accept of the fupreme Command ; this was feconded by all
the Allies, but mofl earneftly by the Queen and tlie States : The
Eleflor ufed all the Precaution, that the imbarking in fuch a De-
lign required, and he had fuch AiTurances of Afliflancc, from
the Princes and Circles, as he thought might be depended upon ;
fo he undertook the Command : His firft care was to reftore mili-
tary Difcipline, which had been very little confidered or fubmitted
to, for fome Years paft ; and he eftabliflied this, with fuch impar-
tial Severity, that the Face of Affairs there was foon changed :
But the Army was too weak, and the Seafon was too far fpcnt,
^ to enter on great Defigns. One coniiderable Action happened,
which very much raifed the Reputation of his Condud: F'illars
had fent a Detachment of 3000 Horfe and Dragoons, either to
extend his Contribution, or to feize on fome important Poft ;
againft thefe, the Elector fent out another Body, that fell upon
the French, and gave them a total Defeat ; in which 2000 of
them were cut off: Soon after that, Fillars retired back to Stras-
bourg, and the Campaign in thofe Parts ended.

Vol. II. 6 G 1

482 The History of the Reign

1707. I will take in here a Tranladion, that lay not far from the
^— *v: — 'Scene of Adion. There was, all this Summer, a DiljDiite at
Frnfjt^i ° ' Neufchajiel^ upon the Death of the old Dutchefs of Nemours, in
i^rlncc of whom the Roufe of Lo7Jguevilie ended : She enjoyed this Princi-
Nsufck^ei. pality, which, fince it lay as a Frontier to Switzerland, was on
this occafion much conlidered. There were many Pretenders of
the French Nation, the chief was the Prince of Conti \ all thele
came to Neufckafiel, and made their application to the States of
that Country, and laid their feveral Titles before them : The King
of France feemed to favour the Prince of CoJiti moft : But yet he
left it free to the States, to judge of their Pretenlions, provided
they gave judgment, in favour of one of his Subjeds ; adding fe-
vere Threatnings, in cafe they ihould judge in behalf of any other
Pretender. The King of Prujfta, as Heir by his Mother to the
Houle of Chaalons, claimed it as his right, v/hich the late King
had, by a particular agreement, made over to him ; fo he fent a
Minifter thither, to put in his claim : And the Queen, and the
States, ordered their Minifters in Switzerla?id, to do their beft
Offices, both for advancing his Pretenfions, and to engage the
Cantons to maintain them ; the King of Sweden wrote alfb to the
Cantons to the fame effed. The Allies looked on this, as a Mat-
ter of great confequence ; fince it might end in a Rupture between
the Proteftant Cantons and France ; for the Popifh Cantons were
now wholly theirs. After much pleading, and a long Dilpute,
the States of the Principality gave judgment, in favour of the King
of PruJJla ; the French Pretenders protefted againft this, and left
Neufchajlel, in a high Difcontent : The Fre?Kh Ambaflador
threatned that little State, with an Invasion, and all Commerce
with them was forbid : The Canton of Bern efpouled their Con--
cern, with a Spirit and Zeal, that was not expeded from them :
They declared, they were in a Combufgherfhip with them ; and
upon that, they fent a Body of 3000 Men, to defend them. The
French continued to threaten, and Villars had Orders to march a
great Part of his Army towards them ; but when the Court of
France law, that the Cantons oiBern and Zurich were not frightened
with thofe Marches, they let the whole Matter fall, very little to
their honour: And fo the Intercourfe, between the French Do-
minions and that State, was again opened, and the Peace of the
Cantons was fecured. The King oi Prujfia engaged his ho-
nour, that he would govern that State, with a particular Zeal,
for advancing both Religion and Learning in it ; and upon thefe
Aflurances, he perluaded the Bifhops of England, and myfelf in
particular, to ule our beft Endeavours to promote his Pretenfions;
upon which we wi:Ote, in the njoft effedual manner we could,

to

cf C)j.cen Anne. 48

•>

to lAowi Oftervald^ who was the moft eminent Eccicnaftick of 1707.
that State, and one of the beft and moft judicious Divines of the ^-""^''""^
Age: He was bringing that Church, to a near agreement with
our Forms of Worfhip: The King o^ Pruffia was well fct, in all
Matters relating to Religion j and had made a great ftep, in order
to reconcile die Lutherans and the Calvinijls in his Domi-
nions, by requiring them, not to preach to the People on thofe
Points, in which they differ ; and by obliging them, to commu-
nicate together, notwithflanding the Diverfity of their Opinions :
Which is indeed the only wife and honefl way, to make up that
Breach.

The Affinity of the Matter, leads me next to give an account The King of
of the DifFerences, between the King of Sweden, and the Court tht Vi'i^"^
of Viennu : That King, after he had been a very heavy Gueft in chuSies in
SaxonVy came to underftand, tliat the Proteftants in Silefia had ■^'^Z'' '° ^
their Churches, and the free Exercife of their Religion, ftipulated them.
to them by the Peace of Munjier, and that the Crown of Sweden
was the Guarantee, for oblerving this : Thefe Churches were ta-
ken from them ; fo the King of Swede?i was in juftice bound, to
fee to the obferving of that Article; he very readily embraced this
opportunity, which had been long negledled, or forgotten by his
Father. When this was firff reprefented to the Court oiVien7ia,
it was treated there with much Scorn: And Count Zabor, one of
the Minifters of that Court, fpoke of the King o^ Sweden in a ftyle,
that he thought furniiljed him with a juft pretenlion to demand,
that he fliould be lent to him, to be puniilied, as he thought fit :
this was foon yielded ; the Count was fent to the King, and made
fuch an humble Submiffion to him, as was accepted : But the
Demand, for reftoring the Churches, was a matter of hard di-
geftion, to a bigotted and haughty Court. The King of Sweden
had a great Army at hand, and he threatned an immediate Rup-
ture, if this Demand was not agreed to, without delay : In this,
he was fo pofitive, that the Imperial Court at laft yielded, they
being then in no condition, to refift a warlike Prince, and an Ar-
my, hardened by an exad: Difcipline, and the Fatigues of a long
War: fo that every thing that was demanded, purfuant to that
Article of the Treaty of Mtmjier, was agreed to be performed,
within a prefixed time: And upon that, the King cf Sweden
marched his Army, under the moft regular Difcipline thro' Silefia,
as had been agreed, into Poland. The Jefuits made great oppo-
fition, to the performance of what had been ftipulated ; but the
Imperial Court would not provoke a Prince, who they thought
was feeking a colour, to break with them : So, by the day pre-
fixed,, all the Churches were reftored, to the Prcrteftants in Silefia.
: rr^ofh I Upon

484 ^^^^ History of the Reign

1707. upon this, he was highly magnified, and great Endeavours were
- — v~~-' again ufed, to engage him in the Alliance ; but he was fo fet
agiinft the Cza?-^ whom he defigned to dethrone, that nothing
Could then divert him from it : Yet he fo far entred into the In-
terefts of Religion, that, as he wrote to the King of France^ de-
firing; him not to oppofe the King oi Prujfta^ in his Preteniions
on Neufcha/iel', he alfo wrote to the Cantons, defiring them to
promote and fupport them. The Cantons feeing thofe Characters
of Zeal in him, lent a Fre?2ch Gentleman of Quality to him, the
Marquis de Rochegude^ to let him know what regard they had to
his Recommendations, and to defire him to interpofe his good Ofiices^i
with the King of France^ for fetting at liberty about three hun-^,
dred Perfons, who were condemned to the Galleys, and treated
mofi: cruelly in them, upon no other pretence, but becaufe they
would not change their Religion, and had endeavoured to make
their efcape out of France : He received this Mefl^age with a par-:,
ticular Civility, and immediately complied with it; ordering his
Minifter, at the Court of France, to make it his defire to that
King, that thefe Confefibrs might be de]iv:ered to him : But the
Minifters of France faid, that was a point of the King's Govern-
ment at home, in which he could not fufFer foreign Princes to r
meddle: He feemed fenfible of this negledl, and it was hoped,'
that when his Affairs could admit of it, he would exprefs a due.'
refentment of it. '^^

A ^^^^^^°" To end all the Affairs of Germany, for this Year, at once ; I
rough. muft mention a Quarrel, raifed in Hamborough-, between fome
private Perfons, one of whom was a Lutheran Miniftcr ; which
created a great divifion in that City. One fide was protedted by
the Senate, which gave fo great a Dilguft to the other fide, that
it was like to end in a Revolt againft the Magiftrates, and a Civil
War within the Town : And it being known, that the King of
Denmark had, for many Years, had an eye on that Place, the
neighbouring Princes apprehended, that he might take advantage
from thofe Commotions, or that the weaker fide might chufe ra-
ther, to fall under his power, than under the Revenges of the
adverfe Party. The Kings of Swecie?i and Prujfta, with the Houfe
oi Brimfwicky refolved tlierefore to fend Troops thither, to quiet
this Diftradion, and to chaftize the more refractory ; while the
Emperor's Minifters, together with the Queen's, endeavoured to
accommodate Matters, without fufFering them to run to Extre-
mities.
oa^frUn"' ^^ remains, that I give an account of the Campaign in Flanders:
Slanders. The French kept clofe within their Pofts; tho'the Duke oi Marl-
borough often drew out his Troops, to fee if that could provoke

them ;

of Queen Anne.

V

them; but they were rcfolved not to fight on equal Terms;
and it was not thought advifeablc to attempt the forcing their
Pods: they ky, for fome Months, looking on one another ; but
both Armies had behind them fuch a fafe arid plentiful conveyance
df Provifions, that no want of any fort could oblige either fide
to diflodge. The Duke of Vendome. had Orders, to fend De-
tachments, to reinforce Marefchal Viilars^ in lieu of thofe De-
tachments, that he had been ordered to fend to Provenci. The
Duke oi Savoy feemed to Vvondcf, that tlic Confederates lay (o
quiet, and gave the Duke oi Vendome no difturbance; and that
they could not, at Icaft, oblige him to keep all his Army toge-
ther : At laft the Duke of Marlborough decamped, and moved
towards French Flanders : The French decamf)ed, about the fame
time, but lodged themfelves again in fuch a fafc Camp, that he
could not force them into any Aftion : Nor was his Army fo nu-
merous, as to fpare a Body to undertake a Siege, by that means
to draw them to a Battle ; fb that the Campaign Was carried on
there, in a very inofFenfive manner, on both fides : And thus
Matters Aood in the Continent, every where this Seafon.

France fet out no Fleet this Year, and yet, we ntvtT had Affairs it
greater LofTes on that Element : The Prince's Council was very ^'^^'
unhappy, in the whole condu<5l of the Cruizers and Convoys: The
Merchants made heavy Complaints, and not without reafbn :
Convoys were fomctimcs denied them; and when they were
granted, they were often delayed beyond the time limited, for
the Merchants to get their Ships in readinefs : and the failing
Orders were fometimes fent them fo unhappily (but as many faid^
fo treacheroufly) that a French Squadron was then laying in their
way, to intercept them. This was liable to very fevere Reflections:
For many of the Convoys, as well as the Merchant-Ships, were
taken: And to compleat the Misfortunes of our Af^irs at Sea,
this Year, when Sir Cloudejly Shovel was failing home, with the
great Ships, by an unaccountable CarelefTnefs and Security, he,
and two other capital Ships, ran foul upon thofe Rocks, beyond
the Land's End^ known by the name of the Bijhop and his Clerks ;
and they were in a Minute broke to pieces ; {o that not a Man
of them efcapedi It was dark, but there was no Wind, other-
wife the whole Fleet had periflied with them : All the rcfl tack'd -; A
in time, and fo they were faved. Thus one of the greatcfl Sea-
men of the Age was lofl, by an Error in his owh Profeflion,
and a great Mifreckoning ; for he had lain by, all the Day be-
fore, and fet fail at Night, believing, that neXt Morning, he
would have time enough, to gilard againfl running on thofe
Rocks; but he was fwallowed up within three Hours after.

Vol. II. 6 H This

a8'6 The Yii^y^jp^Y of the Reign

jgon. This'wa§,tJiie State of -our ,AiFairs abroad, both by Sea and Land*
y^^^ Things went at-Tiome, in their ordinary Channels: But the Con-.
wSirdSi duct,, with relation" to .Scotiandy W2t&. more unaccountable: For
iQ Scotland. ^y}ie,j.e^s, it might havebeen reafonably expeded, that the Ma^
nagement, of the newly united Part of this Ifland, fhould. have
been particularly taken care of, fo as to give no juft diftafte to
the Scot.Sy nor offer Handles to thofe, who were ftill endeavour-
ing to inflame that Nation, and to encreafe their Averflon to the
Union : Things were, on the contrary, fo ordered, as if the De-
{ign had been to contrive Methods, to exafperate the Spirits of the
People there. Though the Management of the Scotch Revenue
was tp fall into the Lord Treafurer's hands, on the firfl of May,
no care was taken to have all the Commiluons ready at the Day,
with new Officers to ferve in them : So that the whole Trade of
Scotland was ftop'd, for almoft two Months, for want of Orders,
to put it into the new courfe,'in which it was to be carried on.
yhiiqe- Months pafTed, before the Equivalent was fent to Scotland i
And ;.)yhen Wines and other Merchandize were imported into
Englattd from thence, Seizures were every where made, and this
j.'»,:.t;. ^'.^^ managed with a particular AiJeplation ofRoughnefs. •. All
: theie things hei^tened the -Prejudices, with which that Nation
tt^^^bcen poflefljpcl, againft the IjJnion:. It was alfo knoWn, that;
man^y. Mellage^., palled, htX.w^^^' Scotland and France ; and that
Uierv were many Meetings, ;and much Coniultation, among, the
^ifroHtentca Par^y there;, a, great Body appeared openly fof the
i^pt'Cfidecl Prince of /^<?/(:j ;.: an,d celebrated his Birth-day very
p^biickJy, botli^at^<://Vi^f^f^^.-^nd in pther Places of the King^
(^ppa,;"^and it was'openiy, talked, that, there was now an Opportu?
nit)^ tlmt was^ipttQ be. loft, of invading the Kingdom, tho'with
'£l.rmall ForgC:; .and' that ja general Cioncurrence, from the Body
o£ .that Natipn,.. might be .de^^ended 911^ Thefe things were. done,
. ijirfo:.bareface4ja manper,^^thaC no check being given to them,

noi En<^uiry made after.t|i^m> , by thqf^ who were in the Gov^crn-
lijen^ it gave qcpafion , 1,q niany mqlaupholy Speculations. • . The
Ma^naigement. frcrn £//^>^W JocJ^ea,' M a thing, concerted, to
lieigh ten that Di%mper-;.;,and the.whple Condudl.of the Fleet
afibrded gr^^' COjufe of .|ealpu|y< j.^^|, : ~ ,^

A new Party b'fe^ to.opefi tliis, as cleafjjf as dt fes yet appeared to me, I muft
at Court, giv^ nji accoun,t;pf>a newSc^ne ati^p^ift.. It w»is obferved^ - that
Ms^-j^rley^ V^hp had been for forn^.jifears Secretary of State, had
g^ifiqjd.;g're.at Credit with the iQ^eeii,-^ and began to iet up for himr-.
^Ijf, aj;idtoa<3: no more under theDire^^bn of the LordTreafurerr
'I'h^^ wasojgLe.of theBedcfepberWpmen,. who, being nearly re-
lated taJ.h^'Du^iefs i)f Msj^-/^^;^ been taken care of by
EkiT HA h^r,

CJxof Queen ..-Ani^^e.

her, together with her whoJe Family .(for they weir fallcn'id'vV)
in a , moll particular manner. . Siie hrought her liot cihlyi'nM^ that
iPoH, but file had treated her with fuch a Cohfidcncev thai: it had
introduced her into a high tjegiee bi Favour with the (^ueen :
Which, for feme Years, was.conlidered as an cl?cd: of the'Dtitchefs
r^i Marlhorough\ Credit with Her; fhe was aifo nearly related
to Mr. Har/ey, and th^y twoentred into a cloic Correfpondcnce.
She learned the Arts of .a Court, and ohferved the C^ieen's Tem-
per, with To much Application, tiiat fhe got far into her Heart :
And fhe imploycd ail her Credit, .to. ertablifh Harhy in the fu-
preme Confidence with the Queen, and to alienate her Affections
from the Dutchefs of Marll/oroUixh^ whoftudied no other method
of preferving her Favour, but by purfuing the true Intereft of
the C^ieen, and of the Kingdom. It was faid, that the Prince
was brought into the Concert ; and that he v/as made to ap|5re-
hend, that he , had too fmall a Share, in the Government, and
that he was /hut out from it, by the great Power, that the Duke
oi Mcrrlboromh and the Lord Treafurer had !drawn into their
nands: It was faid, all depended on them, that the Qiieen was
only a Cypher in the Government, that (he was in the Dutchefs
of Marlooj'ou(r/j,& hands, as her Affairs were: in the Dilfee 'of
Marlborough\ : It was likcwife talked among thole, who made
their Court to tlie, new Favourites, that there was not now a- yacd-
T?ite\n the Nation, that all were for the.Qijeen, ah^ that, w^hout
doubt, fhe would reign out peaceably her whole Life"; but fhe
needed not concern herfelf fox a German Family : Tiifcib Dif?
couries began to break out, and gave fad Thoughts to thofe to
\vhom they were brought. This went on too Jong, •' little re-^
garded ; the Dutchefs of Marlborough fecmed fecine of fcer-'ln-
tereft in the Queen, and fliewed no Jealouly of. a Fav<iur, to
which herfelf gave the iirft rife. This was the 'State of the
Court at the opening of the Sefiion of Parliament.

There were, at that time, three i3ifliopricks vacant : Irelawny ^''^notion:
had been removed, the Summer before, from Exeter to Win- Church.
chefier ; which ga\e great difgull to many, , he beihg confid^rable
iFor nothing, but his Birth, and his Intercil m Cornwall.' The
Loid Treafurer had engaged himfelf to him, and he was fenlible
that he was much reflecied upon for it. But he, to foften the Cen-
sure that this, brought on him, had promifed, that, for the fa-
ilure, Preferments fliould be beltowed on Men well j*)rinciplcd,
with relation to the preient Conftitution, and on Men of Me-
nt^, \ The Qufen, without regardmg this, did iecretly engage
Bef^lf to 'Dv^Blackhall hx Exeter \ an^ Chejler (being at the
faiipe time void, by the Death of Dr. Stratford) to Sir fFilliam

Dawes

5nu:i

488 The History of the Reign

1707. Dawes for that See: Thefe Divines were in themfelvcs Men of
Value and Worth, but their Notions were all on the other fide \
They had fubmitted to the Government, but they, at leaft Black-
hally feemed to condemn the Revolution, and all that had been
done purfuant to it. Dawes alfo was looked on, as an afpiring
Man, who would fet himfelf at the head of the Tory Party : fo
this Nomination gave a great difguft. To qualify this a little,
Patrkky the pious and learned BiiTiop of Efy, dying at this time,
the Queen advanced More from Norwich thither ; and Dr. T^riin-
nell^ a worthy Perfon in all refpedls, was named for Norwich :
yet this did not quiet the Uneaiinefs, many were under, by rea-
fon of the other Nominations, which feemed to flow from the
Queen herfelf, and fo difcovered lier Inclinations. To prevent
the ill effeds, that this might have, in the approaching Seflion,
fome of the Eminent Members of the Houfe of Commons were
called to a Meeting, with the Dukes oi Somerjet and Devonfhire :
Thefe Lords affuj-ed them, in the Queen's name, that fhe was
very fenflble of the Services, the Whigs did her; and tho' fhe had
engaged herfelf fo far, with relation to thofe two Bifhopricks,
that fhe could not recall the Promifes fhe had made, yet for the
future, fhe was refolved to give them full content. But while
this was faid to fome Whigs, Harley and his Friends St^ John and
Harcourt^ took great pains on the Leaders of the Tories (in
particular on Hanmer-, Bromley and Freeman) to engage them
in the Queens Interefts: afluring them, that her Heart was with
them, that fhe was weary of the Tyranny of the Whigs, and
long'd to be delivered from it. But they were not wrought on,
by that Management; they cither miflrufled it, as done only to
enfnarethem, or they had other Views, which they did not think
fat to own. This Double-dealing came to be known, and gave
occafion to much jealoufy and diftruft. A little before the Sef-
lion was opened, an eminent Misfortune happen'd at Sea : A
Convoy, of five Ships of the Line of Battel, was fent to Porturaly
to guard a great Fleet of Merchant-Ships; and they were ordered
to fail, as if it had been by concert, at a time when a Squadron
from Dunkirk had joined another from Brejl, and lay in the way,
waiting for them. Some Advertifements were brought to the
Admiralty, of this Conjund:ion, but they were not believed.
When the Fre72ch fet uppn them, the Convoy did their part very
gallantly, tho' the Enemy were three to one ; one of the Ships was
blown up, three of them were taken, fo that only one efcaped,
much fhattered : But they had fought fo long, that mofl of^ the
Merchant-men had time to get away, and failed on, not being
purf.ied, and fo got fafe to Lisboru This, coming almofl at the

fame

of Qitceii Anne. 48^

Tame time with the Misfortune, that happened to Shovel^ the Sef- 1707.
fion was begun with a melancholy Face; and a Difputc, upon '•--v-— ^
their Opening, had almoft put them into great Difbrder.

It was generally thought, that tho' this was a Parliament, that
had now fate two Years, yet it was a new Parliament, by reafon
it had been let fall, and was revived by a Proclamation, as was
formerly told : And the confequence of this was, that thofe who
had got Places, were to go to a new Eledion. Others maintained,
that it could not be a new Parliament, fincc it was not fummoned
by a new Writ, but by virtue of a Claufe in an A61 of Parliament.
The Duke of Marlborough^ upon his coming over, prevailed to
have it yielded to be a new Parliament ; but Harley was for
maintaining it to be an old Parliament. The Houfe of Com--
mons chofe the fame Speaker over again, and all the ufual Forms,
in the firft beginning of a new Parliament, were obferved.

Thefe were no fooner over, than the Complaints of the Admi- Cpm?inii-<
ralty were offered to both Houfes : Great LofTes were made, and miraUy.
all was imputed to the Weakness, or to a worfe Difpoiition, in
fome, who had great Credit with the Prince, and were believed to
govern that whole Matter : For as they were entirely pofTefTed of
the Prince's Confidence, fo when the Prince's Council was divided
in their Opinions, the Decifion was left to the Prince, who un-
derftood very little of thofe Matters, and was always determined
by others. By this means they were really Lord High Admiral,
Mathout being liable to the Law for Errors and Mifcarriages. This
Council was not a legal Court, warranted by any Law, tho' they
(^{Turned that to themfelves ; being Counfellors, they were bound
to anfwer only for their fidelity. The Complaints were feebly ma-
paged, at the Bar of the Houle of Commons; for it was foon un-
derftood, that not only the Prince, but the Queen likewife con-
cerned Herfelf much in this Matter : And both looked on it as a
Defign, levelled at their Authority. Both Whigs and Tories
feemed to be at firft equally zealous in the Matter ; but by reafon
of the Oppofition of the Court, all thofe, who intended to recom-
mend themfelves to favour, abated of their Zeal : Some were ve-
hement in their Endeavours to baffle the Complaints : They had
great Advantages, from the Merchants managing their Complaints
but poorly ; fome were fi-ighted, and others were pradifed on,
and were carried even to magnify the Condudl of the Fleet, and
tp make Excufes for all the Misfortunes tliat had happened. That
which had the chief Operation, on the whole Tory Party, was,
that it was fet round among them, that the Defign of all thefe
Complaints was, to put the Earl of Orford again at the Head of the
Fleet : Upon which they all changed their Note, and They, in

Vol. IL 6 1 con-

49Q T-l^^ History of the Reign

\non. concurrence with thofe, who were in Offices, or pretended to

<- — »r-~J them, managed' the Matter fo, that it was let fall, very little to

their honour. Unkind Remarks were made on fome, who had

changed their Conduft upon their being preferred at Court ; but

the Matter was managed with more Zeal and Courage in the

Houfe of Lords, both Whigs and Tories concurring in it.

ExMuiined A Committee was appointed, to examine the Complaints;

J'V^^" c they called the Merchants, who had figned the Petition, before

Houlc or / , .

Lord:;. them \ and treated them not with the Scorn, that was very inde-
cently offered them by fome of the Houfe of Commons, but with
great Patience and Gentlenels : They obliged them, to proye all
their Complaints, by Witnefles upon Oath. In the Profecution
of the Enquiry, it appeared, that many Ships of War were not fit-
ted out, to be put to Sea, but lay in Port negleded, and in great
decay; that Convoys had been often flatly denied the Merchants,
and that, when they were promifed, they were fo long delayed,
that the Merchants loft their Markets, were put to great Charge,
and, when they had perifhable Goods, fuffered great Damage in
them: The Cruizers were not order'd to proper Stations in the
Channel; and when Convoys were appointed, and were ready
to put to Sea, they had not their failing Orders fent them, till the
Enemies Ships were laid in their way, prepared to fall on them,
which had often happened. Many Advertifements, by which
thofe Misfortunes might have been prevented, had been offered to
the Admiralty, but had not.only been negleded by them, but
thofe, who offered them, had been ill treated for doing it. The
Committee made Report of all this to the Houfe of Lords ; upon
which, the Lord Trcafurq- moved, that a Copy of the Report
might be fent to the Lord Admiral, which 'was done, and in a
few days an An fwer was fent to the Houfe, excufing, orjuftifying
the Condud, in all the Branches of it. The chief Foundation
of the Anfwer was, that the. great Fleets, v/hich were kept in
tlie Mediterranean^ obliged us to fend away fo many of our
Shios and Seamen thither, that there was not a fufficient num-
ber left, to guard all our Trade ; while the Enemy turned all
their Forces at Sea into Squadrons, for deftroying it ; and that
all the Ships, that could be fpared, from the Publick Service
abroad, were iniployed to fecurc the Trade; thePromilc of Con-
voys had been often delayed, by reafon of crols Winds, and o-
ther Accidents, that had hindred the Return of our Men of War
longer, than was expected ; they being then abroad, convoying
other Merchant- Ships : And it was faid, that there was not a fuf-
ficient nurnber of Ships, for Cruizers and Convoys both. The
Paper ended, with fome fevere Reflections on the laft Reign, in

which

of Queen A n n £: 49 1

which great Slims were given, for the building of. Ships, and yet 1707.
the Fleet was at that time much diminifhed, and Four Thoufand * — v~^
Merchant Ships had been taken during that War: This was be-
lieved to have been fuggefted by Mr. Harley, on defign to morti-
fy King Willia7n\ Miniftry. Upon reading of this Anfwcr^ a
new and a fuller Examination of the Particulars was again re-
fumed, by the fame Committee ; and all t!ie Allegations in it
were exadly confidcred : It appeared, that the half of tlwfc Sea-^
men, that the Parliament had provided for, were not employed
in the Mediierraneatty that many Ships lay idle in Port, and
were not made ufe of; and that in the laft War, in which it ap-
peared there were more Seamen, tho' not more Ships, employed
in the Mediterranean, than were now kept there, yet the Trade
was fo carefully looked after, by Cruizers and Convoys, that feW
Complaints were then made: and as to the Rfefledions made on
the laft Reign, it was found that not half the Sum, that was
named, was given for the building of Ships ; and that inftead of*
the Fleet's being diminilhed, during that War, as had been af-
firmed, it was increafed by above Forty Ships; nor could any
proof be given, that four thoufand Ships were taken during that
War : All the Seamen, who were then taken and exchanged, did
not exceed 15000, and in the prefent War 18000 were already
exchanged; and we had 2000 ftill remaining in our Enemies
hands: fo much had the Prince been impofed on, in that Paper,
that was fent to the Lords in his name.

When the Examination was ended, and reported to the Houfe, And kid bs-
it was refolved to lay the whole matter before the Queen, in an Queen in ati
Addrefs ; and then the Tories difcovered the Defign, that they '^'^'^i^^'^-
drove at; for they moved in the Committee, that prepared the
Addrefs, that the blame of all the Mifcarriages might be laid on
the Miniftry, and on the Cabinet Council. It had been often,
faid in the Houle of Lords, that it was not intended, to make any
complaint of the Prince himfelf; and it not being admitted, that
his Council was of a legal Conftitution, the complaining of them
would be an acknowledging their Authority ; therefore the blame
could be laid regularly no where, but on the Miniftry : This was
much preifed by the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of Rochefter,
and the Lord Haverjham. But to this it was anfwered, by the
Earl of Orford, the Lord Somers, and the Lord Halifax, that
the Houfe ought to lay before the Queen only that, which was
made out before them upon Oath : and therefore fince, in the
whole Examination, the Miniftry, and the Cabinet Council were
not once named, they could offer the Queen nothing, to their
prejudice. Some of the things complained of, fell on the Navy-
Board

49 2^ TZ?^ History of the Reign

1707. Board, which was a Body, admg by a legal Authority : The Lords
^- — V — •> ought to lay before the Qiieen, fiich Mifcarriages as were proved
to them ; and leave it to Her, to find out, on whom the
blame ought to be caft: So far was the Miniftry, from appearing
to be in fault, that they found feveral Advertifements were fent,
by the Secretaries of State, to the Admiralty, that, as appeared
afterwards, were but too well grounded, yet thefe were negledled.
by them ; and that which raifed the Clamour the higher, w^as,
that during the Winter there were no Cruizers, laying in the
Channel; fo that many Ships which had nui thro' all Dangers at Sea,
"" were taken in fight of Land, for the Privateers came up boldly to
our Ports. All this was digefled into a full and clear Addrefs,
laid, by the Houfe, before the Queen; There was a general An-
fwer made to it, giving AfTurances, that the Trade fhould be care-
fully looked to ; but nothing elfe followed upon it ; and the
Queen feemed to be highly offended at the whole Proceeding.
At this time, an Enquiry likewife into the Afiairs of Spain was
begun in both Houfes.
Enquiry into Thc Earl Oi Peterborough had received fuch pofitive Orders re-
Sfain. ^ ' calling him, that tho' he delayed as long as he could, yet at lafl
' he came home in Augiijl : But the Queen, before fhe would ad-
mit him into her Prefence, required of him an account of fbme
Particulars in his Condud:, both in Military Matters, in his Ne-
gotiations, and in the Difpofal of the Money remitted to him.
He made fuch general Anfwers, as gave little fatisfaftion : But he
feemed to referve the Matter, to a Parliamentary Examination,
which was entred upon by both Houfes. All the Tories magnified,
his Conduct, and ftudied to detraft from the Earl of G^//w^ ;
but it was thought, that the Miniftry were under fome reftraints,
with relation to the Earl of Peterborough^ tho' he did not fpare
them ; which gave occafion to many to fay, they were afraid of
liim, and durfl not provoke him. The Whigs, on the other hand,
made fcverc Remarks on his Condud : The Complaints, that
King Charles made of him, were read, upon which he brought
fiich a number of Papers, and fo many WitnefTes to the Bar, to
juftify his Conduft, that after ten or twelve Days, fpent wholly
in reading Papers, and in hearing WitnefTes, both Houfes grew
equally weary of the Matter ; fo, without coming to any Conclu-
lion, or to any Vote, they let all, that related to him, fall : But
that gave them a handle, to confider the prefent State of Affairs in
Spain. It was found, that we had not above half the Troops
there, that the Parliament had made provifion for ; and that not
above half the OfHcers, that belonged to tliofe Bodies, ferved
there; this gave the Houfe of Commons a high Diftafte, and it

was

of ^een Anne. 49^

Was hoped by the Tories, that tl.cy (hould have carried x.\\<z Houfc, i -joj.
to fevere Votes and warm Addrefies on that head; which was * — v— -
much laboured by them, in order to load the Miniftry. In this,
Harley and his Party were very cold and pafTivc, and it was ge-
nerally believed, that the Matter was privately kx. on by them ;
But the Court fent an Explanation of the whole Matter to the
Houfe, by which it appeared, that tho', by Death and Defertion,
the number of the Troops there was much diminished, yet the
whole number provided, or at leaft very near it, was fcnt out of
England. The Service in Spain was mucji decried; and there
was good reafon for it ; things there could Jiot be furnifhcd, but
at excellive Rates, and the Soldiers were generally ill ufed in their
Quarters. They were treated very unkindly, not by King Charles,
but by thofe about him, and by the bigotted Spaniards.

During thefe Debates, fevere things were faid in general, of 1708.
the Condu6l of Affairs, in both Houfes : It was obferved, that a '
vaft Army was well fupplicd in Flanders, but that the Intereft df
the Nation required, that Spain fhould be more confidered : It
was moved in both Houfes, that the Emperor fhould be earneftly
applied to, to fend Prince Eugene into Spain ; Complaints were
alio made of the Duke of Marlborough, as continuing the War,
the', at the end of the Campaign of 1 706, the French had offered
to yield up Spain and the JVeJl-Indies \ but that was a falfe Sug-
geftion. All thefe Heats in the Houfe, after they had got this
vent, were allayed : The Queen affured them, all paft Errors
(hould be redreffed for the future ; and with repeated Importuni-
ties, fhe preffed the Emperor to fend Prince Eugene to Spain :
That Court delayed to comply in this particular; but fent Count
Starcmberg thither, who had indeed acquired a very high Repu-
tation. The Queen entered alfo into Engagements with the
Emperor, that fhe would tranfport, pay, and furnifh all the
Troops, that he could fpare for his Brother's Service. Thefe
Steps quieted the Difcontent, the Houfe had expreffed, upon the
ill Condud of Affairs in Spaiii ; but upon Stanhopes coming over,
he gave a better Profpeil of Affairs there ; and he found a readi-
nefs, to agree to all the Proportions, that he was fent over to
make. All this while an Ad; was preparing, both for a better Se-
curity to our Trade by Cruizers and Convoys, and for the en-
couraging Privateers, particularly in the Wefi-hidies, and in the
South-Sea. They were to have all they could take, entirely to
themfelves ; the fame Encouragement was alfo given to the Cap-
tains of the Queen's Ships, with this difference, that the Captains
of Privateers were to divide their Capture, according to Agree-
VoL. II. 6 K ments

494 ^^^' History of the Reign

1708. mcnts made among thcmfelves; but they left the Diflribution
f..^-Y— ->^ ol Prizes, taken by Men of War, to the Qiieen : who, by Procla-
mation, ordered them to be divided into eight Siiares ; of which
the Captain was to have three, unlefs he had a faperior OHiccr
over him, in which cafe, the Commodore was to have one of
the three ; tl.e other five Parts were to be diftributed equally,'
among the Officers and Mariners of the Ships, put in five diffe-
rent Clafies : All the Claufes, that the Merchants defired, to en-
courage Privateers, were readily granted, and it was hoped, that
a great Stock would be raifed to carry on this private War. -This
paft without Oppofition, all concurring in it.

But as to other Matters, the Tories difcovered much ill-humouf
againft the Miniftry ; which broke out on all occafions : And the
Jealoufies, with which the Whigs were.pofiefied, made them as
cold as the others were hot. This gave the Minifters great un-
eafinefs: They found Mv. Harley was endeavouring to fupplant
them at Court, and to heighten the Jealoufies of the Whigs; for
,i\e fet it about among the Tories, as well as among the Whigs,
that both the Duke of Marlborouvh and the Lord Treafurer were
as much inclined, to come into meafures with the Tories, as the
Qiieen herlelf was : This broke out, and was like to have had
very ill Efi'eds; it had almoft lofi: them the Whigs, tho' it did
not bring over the Tories.
nifcovcrics At this time two Difcoveries were made, very unlucky for
i -'cndScr ^^r. Harley : Taliard wrote oft to Chamillard, but he fent his
v,iihfVrf;.',f. Letters open, to the Secretary's Office, to be perufed and fealed
up, and fotobe conveyed by the vfTiy o{ Holland : Theie were
opened, upon foxne Sufpicion in ii/(?//<3;«^; and it appeared, that
one, in the Secretary's Office, put Letters in them, in which, as
he offered his Service to the Courts of France and St.Germains,
fo he gave an Account of all Tranfaftions here: In one of thefc,
he fent a Copy of the Letter, that the Queen was to write, in her
own Hand, to the Emperor: And he marked what Parts of the
Letter were drawn by the Secretary, and what Additions were
made to it, by the Lord Treafurer : This was the Letter, by
- which the Qiieen prefied the fending Prince Eugene into Spain,
and this, if not intercepted, would have been at Verfailles^ many
Days before it could reach Vienna, He, who fent this, wrote,
that by this they might fee what Service he could do them, if
well encouraged ; all this was fent over to the Duke of Marlho-
rouo-fj^ and upon Search, it was found to be writ by one Gregg^ 2.
Clerk, whom Harley had not only entertained, but had taken
into a particular Confidence, without Enquiry into the former
Parts of his Life ; for he was a vicious and a neceffitous Perfon,

I who

of ^een A n isr e.

who had been Secretary to the Queen's Envoy in Deiwiarky but
was difnnfled by him, for thofc his ill Qualities. Harley had
made ufe of him to get him Intelligence, and he came to trull
him with the Perufal, and the fealing up of the Letters, which
the Fre7tch Prifoners, here in England, fent over to France: And
by that means, he got into the method of fending Intelligence
thither. He, when feized on, either upon Remorfe, or the
Hopes of Pardon, confefTed all, and figned his Confeflion ; upon
that he was tried ; he pleaded guilty, and was condemned as i
Traitor, for correfponding with the Queen's Enemies. At the
fame time Valiere and Bara, whom Harley had imploycd, as his
Spies, to go oft over to Calais, under the Pretence of bringing him
Intelligence, were informed againft, as Spies imployed by France,
to get Intelligence from England; who carried over many Letters
to Calais and Bulloi^n: and, as was believed, gave fuch Infor-
mation of our Trade and Convoys, that by their means, we
had made our great Lofles at Sea. They were often complained
of upon Sufpicion, but they were always protected by Harley ;
yet the Prefumptions againft them were fo violent, that they were at
laft feized on and brought up Prifoners. Thefe Accidents might
make Harley more earneft, to bring about a change in the Con-
dud of Affairs, in which he relied on the Credit of the new Fa-
vourite. The Duke oi Marlbqrough, and the Lord Treafurer,
having difcovered many of his Pradlices, laid them before the
Queen : She would believe nothing, that was fuggefted to his
prejudice : She denied fhe had given any Authority, for carry-
ing Meflages to the Tories ; but would not believe, that he or
his Friends had done it, nor would fhe enter into any Examina*
tion of his ill Coadud:, and was uneafy when fhe heard it fpoke
of So thefe Lords wrote to the Queen, that they could ferve her
no longer, if he was continued in thatPoft: And on the Sunday
following, when they were fummoned to a Cabinet Council, they
both went to the Queen, and told her, they muft quit her Ser-
vice, fince they fiw, fhe was refolved not to part with Harley.
She feem'd not much concerned, at the Lord Godolphins offering
to lay down ; and it was believed, to be a Part of Harley s. neiv
Scheme to remove him ; but fhe was much touched with the
Duke oi Marlborough's offering to quit, and ftudied, with fome
foft Expreflions, to divert him from that Refolution : but he was
firm, and fhe did not yield to them : So they both went away,
to the wonder of the whole Court. Immediately after, the Queen
went to the Cabinet Council, and Harley opened fome Matters,
relating to foreign Affairs : The whole Board was very uneafy ;
the Duke of Somerjet faid, he did not fee how they could deli-
berate

496 The History of the Rei^i

1708. bct:Ue on iuch Matters, fince the General was not with them ;
^—^^■—^ he repeated this with Tome Vehemence, while all the reft looked
io cold and lullen, tliat the Cabinet Council was foon at an end;
and the Queen law, that the reft of her Minifters, and the chief
Officers, were refolvcd to withdraw from her Service, if fhe did
not recall the Two, that had left it. It was faid, that {he would
have put all to the hazard, \l Harley himfelf had not apprehended
his Danger, and refolved to lay down : The Queen fent the next
day for the Duke of Maj'lhoroiigh^ and after fome Expoflulations,
llie told him, Harhy fhould immediately leave his Pofi, which
he did within two Days : But the Queen feemed to carry a deep
■\ Relentment of his and the Lord Godolphin\ Behaviour on this oc-

calion ; and the' they went on with her Bulinefs, they found
they had not her Confidence. The Dutchefs of Marlborough did,
for fome Weeks, abftain from going to Court, but afterwards
that Breach was made up in Appearance, tho' it was little more
than an Appearance. Both Houles of Parliament expreiled a
great concern, at this Rupture in the Court ; and apprehended
the ill Efxefts it might have: The Commons let the Bill of Sup-
ply lie on the Table, tho' it was ordered for that Day : And the
Lords ordered a Committee, to examine Gregg and the other
Prifoners. As Harley laid down, both Harcourty then Attorney-
General, Manfelly theComptroUerof theHoufhold, and St.JoImy
the Secretary of War, went and laid down with him. The Queen
took much time to condder, how fhe fhould fill fome of thefe
Places, but Mr. Boyle^ Uncle to the Earl of BurlingWji was pre-
fently made Secretary of State.
An Exami- The Lords, who were appointed to examine Greggy could not
rhacCorre- find out Hiuch by him; he had but newly begun his Defigns of
fpoudence. {-jefi-^ying Secrcts ; and he had no Affociates with him in it : He
told them, that all the Papers of State lay fo carelefsly about the
Office, that every one belonging to it, even the Door-keepers,
might have read them all. Harley s, cuftom was to come to the
Office, late on Poft-Nights, and after he had given his Orders,
and v/rote his Letters, he ufually went away, and left all to be
copied out, when he was gone ; By that means he came to fee
everything, in particular the Queen's Letter to the Emperor. He
faid, he knew the Defign on Toulon in May laft, but he did not
difcovTr it; for he had not cntred on his ill Pradlices till Ociober :
This was all he could lay. By the Examination of Faliere and
Bora-, and of many others, who lived about Dover and were
imployed by them, a Difcovery was made of a conftant Inter-
courfe, they were in with Calais^ under Harley\ protection:
They often went over with Boats full of Wooll, and brought back

Brandy; .

of ^een Anne. 497

Brandy; tlio' both the Import and Export were fcverely prohi- lyoS^
bited : They, and thofc who bclong'd to the Boats, carried over "-"-v— -j
by them, were well treated on the French fide, at the Gcvernor's
Houfe, or at the Commiffary's ; they were kept there, till tlicir
Letters could be fent to Paris, and till Returns could be brought
back, and were all the while upon free coft : The Order, that
was conftantly given them, was, that if an Eiiglijb or Dutch Ship
came up to them, they fhould cafi: their Letters into the Sea ; but
that they fhould not do it, when French Ships came up to them:
fo they were looked on, by all on that Coaft, as the Spies of
France. They ufed to get what Information they could, both of
Merchant-Ships, and of the Ships of War, that lay in the Downs ;
and upon tliat they ufually went over, and it happened that foon
after fome of thofe Ships were taken ; Thefe Men, as they
were Papifts, fo they behaved themfelves very infolently, and
boafted much of their Power and Credit. Complaints had been
often made of them, but they were always protected ; nor did it
appear, that they ever brought any Information of importance to
■Harley but once, when, according to what they fwore, they told
him, that Fourbin was gone from Dunkirk, to lie in wait for the
Rujffta Fleet ; which proved to be true: he both went to watch for
them, and he took a great part of the Fleet. Yet, tho' this was
the {ingle piece of Intelligence that they ever brought, Harley
took fo little notice of it, that he gave no advertifement to the Ad-
miralty, concerning it. This Particular excepted, they only
brought over common News, and the Paris Gazettes. Thefe Exa-
minations lafted for fome Weeks ; when they were ended, a full Re-
port was made oi them, to the Houfe of Lords ; and they ordered
tlie whole Report, \vith all the Examinations, to be laid before the
Queen in an Addrefs, in which they reprcfcnted to her the necefli-
ty of making Gregg a publick Example ; upon which he was exe-
cuted : He continued to clear all other Perfons of any acceffion to
iiis Crimes, of which he feemcd very feniible, and died much bet-
ter than he had lived.

A very ^cw days after the breach, that had iiappened at Court,
we were alarmed from Holland-, with the News of a Deiign, of
which th^ French made then no Secret ; that they were fending
the Pretended Prince of JVales to Scotland, with a Fleet and an
Army, to polTefs himfelf of that Kingdom. But before I go fur-
ther, I will give an account, of all that related to the Affairs of
that part of the Idand.

The Members, fent from Scoi!c?id, to bcth Houfcs of Farlia- procec;:in-:

mcnt, were treated with very particular Mai ks of Refpccl: and :^'c'^^J}^S!

Ellecm : and they v/ere Perfons of fuch dillinction, that thev very

- Vo L. II. 6 L ' well

n-3

498 The FI I ST CRY of the Reign

1 708. well deserved it. The firft thing propofed, in the Hoiife of
- — /-—'Commons, with relation to them, was to take off the ftop, that
was put on their Trade : It was agreed unanimoufly, to pray the
Qiieen by an Addrefs, that flie would give order for it; fome de-
bate arifing only, whether it was a matter of Right or of Fa-
vour: //^z;/^' prefied the laft, to juftify thofe Proceedings, in
which he himfelf had fo great a fLare, as was foriierly fet forth,
and on which others made fcvere Refledtions : But fince all a-
greed in the Conclufion, the difpute concerning the Premifles
was foon let fall. After this, a more important Matter was pro-
pofed, concerning the Government of aS'(:(?//^«<3!', whether it fliould
continue in a diftincft Privy Council, or not: All the Court was
for it ; Thofe, who governed Scotla72d^ defired to keep up their
Authority there, with the advantage they made by it : and they
gave the Minifiers of England great affurances, that by their In-
fluence, Elections might be (q managed as to ferve all the Ends
of the Court; but they faid, that without due care, thefe might
be carried fo, as to run all the contrary way. This was the fe-
cret Motive, yet this could not be owned in a publick Affembly;
fo that, which was pretended, was, that many great Families in
Scotland^ with the grenteft part of the Highlanders, were fo ill .
affedcd, that v/ithout a watchful Eye, ever intent upon them,
they could not be kept qiu'et : It lay at too great a diftancc from
London^) to be governed by Orders fent from thence. To this it
was anfvvcred, that by the Circuits of the Jufticiary Courts, and
by Jufiices of Peace, that Country might be well governed, not-
withftanding its diftance, as Wales and Cornwall were. It was
carried, upon a Divihon, by a great Majority, that there fhould
be only one Privy Council for the whole Ifland. When it was
lent up to the Lords, it met with a great opposition there : The
Court flood alone ; all the Tories, and the much greater part of
the Whigs were for the Bill. The Court, feeing the Party for
the Bill fo flrong, was willing to compound the matter; and
whereas, by the Bill, the Council of Scotland wa.5 not to fit after
the firfl of Maj, the Court moved to have it continued, to the
firft of OEichcr. It was vifibic that this was propofed only, in
order to the managing Elections for the next Parliament ; fo the
Lords adhered to the Day prefixed in the Bill : But a new De-
bate arofe about the Pov/er, given by the Bill to the Juftices of
Peace, which feemed to be an Encroachnient on the jurifdic^lion
of the Lords Regalities^ and of the Hereditary Sheriffs and
Stewards^ who had the right of trying Criminals, in the lirft in-
fiance, for fourteen days time : yet it was ordinary, in the cafes
of great Crimes and Riots, for the Privy Council to take imme-
diate

of ^een Anne*

diate cognizance of them, without any regard to the foUrteeft
days ; fo by this Ad, the Juftices of Peace were only impowered
to do that, which the Privy Council ufually did : and except the
Occafion was fo great, as to demand a quick difpatch, it was •
not to be doubted, but that the Juftices of Peace would have
great regard to all private Rights ; yet fince this had the ap-
pearance, of breaking in upon private Rights, this was much infilled
on, by thofe who hoped, by laying aiidc thefe Powers given to
the Juftices of the Peace, to have gained the main Point of keeping
up a Privy Council in Scotland: For all the Scotch Minifters laid,
the Country would be in great danger, if there were not a fu-
preme Government ftill kept up in it: But it feemed an abfurd
thing, that there fhould be a different Adminiftration, where
there was but one Legiflature. While Scotland h^d an entire Le-
giflature within it felf, the Nation aflembled in Parliament could
procure the Corredion of Errors in the Adminiftration : Whereas
now, that it was not a tenth part of theLegiiJative Body, if it was
ftill to be kept under a different Adminiftration, that Nation could
not have Strength enough, to procure a Redrefs of its Grievances
in Parliament; k> they might come to be fubdued and governed
as a Province : And the arbitrary way, in which the Council of
Scotland had proceeded, ever fince King James the Firft's time,
but more particularly fince the Reftoration, was frefli in memory,
and had been no fmall Motive, to induce the beftMen of that Na-
tion to promote the Union ; that they might be delivered from the
Tyranny of the Council: And their Hopes would be difappointed,
if they were ftill kept under that Yoke. This Point was in Con-
clufion yielded, and the Bill pafs'd, tho' to the great Difcontent
of the Court ; there was a new Court of Exchequer created in
Scotland, according to the Frame of that Court in England :
Special Ads were made, for the Eledions and the Returns o^
the Reprefentatives, in both Houfcs of Parliament; andfuchwas
the Difpofition of the Englijlj to oblige them, and the Behaviour
of the Scots was fo good and difcrcet, that every thing that was
propofed for the Good of their Country, was agreed to; both
Whigs and Tories vied, with one another, who fhould i}i\c\y moft
Care and Concern for the Welfare of that part of Great Britain.

On the x.\\QnK\Q.x\\o^ February i which was but a few days after ADi-rcertt
the Ad, diffolvinor the Council in Scotland, had paiVd, we un- ^<^-'V^'<^
derftood there was a Fleet prepared in Dunkirk, with about /ii^.
twelve Battalions, and a Train of all things ncceffary for a Defcent
in Scotland: And a few Days after, we heard that the Pretended
Prince o^ IF ales was come from Paris, with all the Briti/h and
Irip, that were about him, in order to his Imbarkation. The

Surprize

500 T^^ History of the Reign

1708. Surprize was great, for it was not looked for, nor had we a Pro-
** — ^""^ fped of being able to fet out in time a Fleet, able to deal with
their?;, which confifted of Twenty-fix Ships, moft of them of
■ above forty Guns : But that Providence (which has, on all Occa-
fions, directed Matters fo happily for our Prefervation) did appear
very fignally in this critical Conjun<3:ure: Our greatefl Want' was
of Seamen, to mann the Fleet; for the Ships were ready to be put
to Sea : This was fupplied, by fcveral Fleets of Merchant Ships,
that came homx at that time, with their Convoys : The Flag Offi-
cers were very acceptable to the Seamen, and they beftirred * them-
felves fo efFednally, that, with the help of an Embargo, there
was a Fleet of above forty Ships, got ready ia a fortnight's time,
to the furprize of all at home, as well as abroad : Thefe ftood over
to Dimkirh.^ jufl as they were imbarking there. Upon the fight
of fo great a Fleet, Fcurbin^ who commanded the French Fleet,
fent to Paris for new Orders: He himfelf was againfl: venturing out,
when they law a lupcrior Fleet, ready to engage, or to purfue
them. The King of France fent pofitive Orders, to prolecute the
Defign : So Four bin (feeing that our Fleet, after it had fhewed itfelf
to them, fi_nding the Tides and Sea run high, as being near the
Equinox, had failed back into the Downs) took that occafion to
f^J;J^^ft.^^, go owto^ Dunkirk on tho. eighth o^ March : but contrary Winds
ed from ^pr)X. him ou that Coafi:, till the eleventh, and then he fet {ail with
a fair Wind. Our Admiral, Sir George Bing, came over again to
watch his Motions ; and as foon as he underftood, that he had
faii'd, which was not till twenty Hours after, he followed him.
The French defigned to have landed in the Frith, but they out-
lailed their Point a k\v Leagues ; and by the time, that they had
got back to the North Side of the Frith, Bing came to the South
Side of it, and gave the Signal for coming to an Anchor; this was
heard by Fourbin : He had fent a Fngate into the Frith, to give
Sio;nals, which it feems had been affreed on, but no Anfwers were
nxadc. The Defign was to land near Edinbu7gh, where they be-
lieved the Caftle was in fo bad a condition, and fo ill provided,
that it mufl: have furrendered upon Summons: And they reckoned,
that upon the Reputation of that, the whole Body of the King-
dom would have come in to them. But v.h.(^nFourbi?i underftood,
on the thirteenth c( March, that Bing was fo near him, he tack'd,
and would not ftay to venture an Engagemxnt. Bi?7g piarfued him,
v.ith ail the Sail that he could make, but the French flood out to'
Sea ; there was fome firing on the Ships, that failed the hcavieft,
and the Sn/isburjy, a Ship taken from us, and then, their Vice-
Ad miial, was engaged by two Eng/ijh Sliips, and taken without any
Refifiance. There were about £oo Land-men on board her, with

2 fome

of ^een Anne. ^ o r

eport;

■ e

iTome Officehand Perfons of Quality, the chicfof thcfc wefe the 1708':
Lord Griffin, and the Earl of Middleton\ two Sons. Bing (hav-
ing loft fight of the French, conlidering tliat the Frith was the
Station of the grcatcft Importance, as well as Safety, and was the
Place where they defigned to land) put in there, till he could
hear what courfe the French ftccred : The Tides ran high, and
there was a ftrong Gale of Wind. Upon the Alarm of the intended
Defcent, Orders were fent to Scotland, to draw all their Forces
about Edinburgh : The Troops that remained in England were
ordered to march to Scotland : And the Troops in Ireland v^ox^
ordered to march northward, to be ready when called for : There
were alfo twelve Battalions fent from OJlend under a good Con-
voy, and they lay at the Mouth of the Tine till further Orders;
Thus all Preparations were made to diflipate that fmall Force :
But it appeared, that the French relied chiefly on the Afliftancci
that they expedted would have come in to them, upon their
landing : Of this they fecmed {o well afliired, that the King of
France fent Inflrudions, to his Minifters in all the Courts, that Rep
admitted of them, to be publifhed every where, that the Pre- Jj","!''^^''
tended Prince being invited by his Subjeds, chiefly thofe of <SV<?/-
land, to take pofleflion of the Throne of his Anceftors, the King
had fent him over at their Deflre, with a Fleet and Army to aflifl:
him : That he was refolved to pardon all thofe, who fhould come
in to. him, and he would trouble none upon the account of Re-
ligion : Upon his being re-efl:ablifhed, the King would give Peace
to the reft of Europe. When thefe Minifters received thele Di-
reftions, they had likewife Advice fent them, which they pub-
liflied both at i?o;//^, Venice, 2ind. in Switzerland, thzixh^ French
had, before this Expedition was undertaken, fent over fome Ships
with Arms and Ammunition to Scotland : And that there was
already an Army on foot there, that had proclaimed this Pre-
ended Prince, King. It was fomewhat extraordinary to fee fucli
eminent Falflioods publiflied all Europe over: They alfo affirmed,
that Hoftages were fent from Scotlaiid to Paris, to fecure the ob-
ferving the Engagements, they had entred intoj tho' all this was
Fidion and Contrivance.

The States were ftruck with great Apprehenfions, fo were all .
the Allies ; for tho' they were fo long accuftomed to the cunning
Pradices of the Comt oi France, yet this was an Original; and
therefore it was generally concluded, that fo fmall an Army, and
fo weak a Fleet would not have been fent, but upon great Aflii-
rancesof Afliftahce, not only from Scotland, hut from E^ig land:
And upon this Occaflon, fevere Reflexions were made, both on
the Condud of the Admiralty, and on that Trad of Correfpon-

Vol. IL 6 M denc6

502 The History of the Reign

1708. dence lately difcovered, that was managed under Harleys Pro
<- — 'i — ' teftion : And on the great Breach, that was fo near the disjoint-,
ing all our Affairs, but a few Days before. Thefe things, when
put together, filled Men's Minds with Thoughts of no eafy Di»^
geftion.
ThePariia- The Parliament was fitting, and the Queen, in a Speech to
Sybylhc both Houfes, communicated to them the Advertifements £he had
Queen. received : Both Houfes made Addreffes to Her, giving her full af-,.
furance of their adhering ftedfaftly to her, and to the Proteflant?-
• Succefilon: And mixed with thefe broad Intimations, of their
Apprehenfions of Treachery at home. They paiTed alfo two
Bills ; the one, that the Abjuration might be tendred to all Per^
fons, and that fuch as refufed it, fhould be in the condition of
convid Recufants : By the other, they fufpended the Habeas
Corpus Adt till OEiober^ with relation to Perfons taken up by the
Government upon Sufpicion : And the Houfe of Commons, by
a Vote, engaged to make good to the Queen, all the extraordi-
nary Charge, this Expedition might put her to.
*T\\cVrenc'h A Fortnight went over, before we had any News of the French
fS imo '^^'^^^ ' Three of their Ships landed near the Mouth of Spejy only
Dunkirk, to rcfrefh themfelves ; for the Ships being fo filled with Land-
men, there was a great want of Water : At laft all their Ships got
lafe into Dunkirk : The Land-men either died at Sea, or were fb
ill, that all the Hofpitals in Dunkirk were filled with them. It
was reckoned, that they loft above 4000 Men, in this unaccount-
able Expedition : For they were above a Month tofl!ed in a very tem-
peftuous Sea. Many fufpe^ted Perfons were taken up in Scotland^
and fome few in England : But further Dilcoveries of their Cor-
refpondents were not then made. If they had landed, it might
have had an ill effedl on our Affairs, chiefly with relation to all
Paper Credit: And if by this, the Remittances to P/W;»^o;?/, Ca-
talonia^ and Portugal had been ftop'd, in fo critical a Seafon, that
might have had fatal Confcquences abroad": For if we had been
put into fuch a Disorder at home, that Foreign Princes could no
more reckon on our Afliftance, they might have been difpofed to
hearken to the Propofitions, thattl.'i King o{ France would then
have probably made to them. So that, the total defeating of this
Defign, without its having the leaft ill effed on our Affairs, oroui*
lofing one fingle Man in the little Engagement, we had with the
Enemy, is always to be reckoned as one of thofe happy Provi-
dences, for which we have much to anfwer.

The Queen feemed much alarmed with this Matter, and faw

with what Fallhoods fhe had been abufed, by thofe who pre-

' tended to affure her, there was not now a 'Jacobitev[iX!![i<SL Nation :

Oac

One Variation In her St)iJe was npw obferved: She had never, in 1708.
any Speech, mentioned the Revolution, or thofe, who had been *- — v-— '
concerned in it : And many of thofc, who made a confiderable
figure about her, ftudied, tho' agaififl: all Senie and Reafon, to
diftinguifli her Title from the Revolution : It was plainly founded
on it, and on nothing elfe. In the Speeches fhe now made, (he
named the Revolution twice: And laid (he would look on thofe
concerned in it, as the fureft to her Interefts: She alfo fixed 4
new Defignation on the Pretended Prince of f^a/esy and called
him the Pretender ; and he was fo called in a new Set of Ad-
drefles, which, upon this occafion, were made to the Queen:
And I intend to follow the Precedent, as often as I may have oc-
cafion hereafter to mention him. The Seflion of Parliament wa*
clofed in March^ foon after defeating the Defign of the Defcent:
It was diffolved in April by Proclamation, and the Writs were
iffued out, for the EJedtfons of a new Parliament, which raifed
that Ferment over the Nation, that was ufual on fuch occafions.
The juft Fears and vifible Dangers, to which the Attempt of the
Invafion had expofed the Nation, produced very good EfFeAs :
For the Eledions did, for the molt part, fall on Men well affeded
to the Government, and zealoufly fet againft the Pretender.

As fbon as the State of Affairs at home was well fettled, the The De-
Duke of Marlborough went over to Holland^ and there Prince campaign*
Eugene met him: Being fent by the Emperor, to concert with ^'^^*^°'^'
hirii and the States, the Operations of the Campaign ; from the
Hague, they both went to Hanover^ to fettle all Matters relating
to the Empire, and to engage the Elcd:or to return, to command
the Army on the Upper Rhine. Every thing was fixed : Prince .
Eugene went back to" Fienna, and was obliged to return by the
beginning of June; for the Campaign was then to be opened every
where.

The Court of France was nriuch mortified, by the Difappoint- The Princes
ment, they had met with in their Defigns againft us: But to put j^J^^^!'^"^"
more Life in their Troops, they refolved to fend the Duke of Army in
Burgundy with the Duke of Berry to be at the head of their Army
in Flanders: The Pretender went with them, without any other
Character, than that of the Chevalier de St. George. The Eledor*'
of Bavaria, with the Duke of Berwick, were fent to command
in Alface, and Marfhal Villars was fent to head the Forces in
Dauphiny. The Credit, with relation to Money, was flill very
low in France : For after many Methods taken for raifing the
Credit of the Mint Bills, they were ftill at a Difcount of Forty
per Cent. No Fleets came this year from the Weji-Indies, fo that
they could not be fupplied from thence.

The

^04 ^^^ History of the Reign

1708. The Duke of Orleans was fent to command in Spain; and ac-
y — /--— I cording to the Vanity of that Nation, it was given out, tliat they
ot or/e" w were to have mighty Armies, in many different Places, and to
fcntto5/«/». ^^^j. ^^ ^^^ ^-Q j-i^g ^jji- ti^ere : Great Rains fell all the Winter, in

all the Parts of Spain; fo that the Campaign could not be fo foon
opened, as it was at firft intended. The Bills, that the Duke of
OrA'^^/j brought with him to Spain, were protefted, at which he
was fo much difpleafed, that he defired to be recalled : Tliis was
remedied to fome degree, tho' far fhort of what was pro-
mifed to him. The Troops of Portugal, that lay at Barcelma,
ever fince the Battle oi Almanza, were brought about by a Squa-
dron of our Ships, to the Defence of their own Country : Sir John
Leak came alfo over thither from England with Recruits and
other Supplies, that the Queen was to furnifhthat Crown with:
And when all was landed, he failed into the Mediterranean, to
bring over Troops from Italy, for the ftrengthening of K. Charles,
whofe Affairs were in great Diforder.
rouoCa be- After all the boafting of the Spaniards, their Army on the fide
fieged and of Portugal was fo weak, that they could not attempt any thing ;
fo this was a very harmlefs Campaign on both fides ; the Portu-
guezc not being much ilronger. The Duke of Orleans fate down
before Tortofa in June, and tho' Leak diffipated a Fleet of Tar-
tanes, fent from Fra?ice to fupply his Army, and took about
fifty of them, which was a very feafonable Relief, tothofe in Bar-
celona ; upon which it was thought the Siege of Tortofa would be
raifed, yet it Vv'as carried on till the laft oi June, and then the
Garrifon capitulated. ,

^ ,. , Leak failed to Italy, and brought from thence, both the new
\xomitaiy Qucen Q^ Spain, and 8000 Men with him: But by reafon of the
to5f^/«. slownefs of the Court oi Vienna, thefe came too late, to raife the
Siege of Tortofa : The Snow lay fo long on the y^lps, that the
Duke of Savoj did not begin the Campaign till Jufy, then he
came into Savoj, of which hepofleffed himfelf without any oppo-
fition : The whole Country w^ ii under a Confternation as far as Lyons.

On the Upper Rhifie, the two Eledors continued looking;

on one another, without venturing on any Adlion ; but the

great Scene was laid in Flanders : The French Princes came to

Mons, and there they opened the Campaign, and advanced to

Soignies, with an Army of an Hundred Thousand Men : The

Duke of Marlboi'QUgh lay between Enghien and Hally with his

Army, which was about Eighty Thoufand.

GhenJt and The Fre?jch had their ufual Pradices on foot in feveral Towns

k n^b "^^h ^^ thofe Parts : A Conspiracy, to deliver Antwerp to them, was

Frtnch. difcovered and prevented ; Thetryth was, the Z^/^^c"^ were fevere

" ^' ' Mafters,

of ^een A n n t* 50^

Mafter#, and tht Flandrians could not bear it: The' ih(t trench 1708.
had laid heavier Taxes on them, yet they ufed them better in all ' — v — ^4
•other Refpedls: Their Bigotry, being wrought on by their Priefts,
difpofcd them to change Mailers, fo thcic Pradiccs fucceeded bet-
ter in Ghendt and Bruges. The Duke of Marlborough refolvcdj
not to weaken his Army by many Garrifons: fo he put none at all
in Bruges., and a very weak one in the Citadel o^ Ghendt, leckon-
ing that there was no Danger, as long as he lay between thofe
Places and the French Army. The two Armies lay, about a
Month, looking on one another, fhifting their Camps a little,
but keeping flill in fafe Ground, fo that there was no Adion all
the while; but near the end oi June, fome Bodies drawn out of*
the Garrifons about Tpres, came and polTefled themfelvcs of
Bruges, without any oppoiition : And the Garrifon in Ghendt,
was too weak to make any redftance, fo they capitulated and
marched out : Upon this, the whole French Army marched to-
wards thofe Places, hoping to have carried Oudenarde in their
way.

The Duke of Marlborough followed fo quick, that they drew The Banie
ofF from Oudenarde, as he advanced: In one day, which was the °^^°^ ''
laft of June, he made a March of five Leagues, pafled the Scheld
without any oppofition, came up to the French Army, and en-
gaged them in the Afternoon : They had the Advantage both of
Numbers and of Ground; yet our Men beat them from every
Poft, and in an Adion, that lafted fix Hours, we had fuch an
entire Advantage, that nothing but' the Darknefs of the Night,
and Wearinefs of our Men, laved the French Army from being
totally ruined. There were about 5000 killed, and about 8000
made Prifoncrs (of whom 1000 were Officers) and about
6000 more deforted ; fo that the French loft at leaft 20000
Men, and retired in great hafte, and in greater confufion to
Ghendt. On the Confederates fide, there was about 1000 killed,
and 2000 wounded: But our Army was fo wearied, with a long
March, and a long Adion, that they were not in a condition, to
purfue with that hafte, that was to be defired : Otherwife great
Advantages might have been made of this Vidory. The French
pofted themfelves on the great Canal, that runs from Ghendt to
Bruges : Prince Eugene's Army, of about 30000 Men, was now
very near the great Army, and joined it in a few Days after
this Adlion: But he himfelf wascomeup before them, and had a
noble Share in the Vidory ; which, from the Neighbourhood
of that Place, came to be called the Battle of Oudenarde.

The French had recovered themfelves out of their firft Confter-
nation, during that time, which was neceflary to give ouj Army

Vol. U. 6 N fomc

5o6 The History of the. Reign

1 708. fome Relt and Refrerhment: and they were fowell polled, that it
*- — ^"^ was not thought fit to attack them. Great Detachments were fent,
as Air as to Arras-i to put all the French Countries under Contri- .
butlon; which ftruck fuch a Terror every where, that it went as
far as to Paris : Our Army could not block up the Enemy's on
all lidcs, the Communication with Dunkirk by Newport was ftill
open ; and the Fre7ich Army was fupplied from thence : They
made an Invafion into the Dutch Flanders: They had no great
Cannon, fo they could take no Place j but they deftroyed the
Country with their ufual Barbarity.
tz/z/be- In conclufion, the Duke of Marlborough^ in concert with

fiegcd- Prince Euvene and the States^ refolved to beliege Lijle^ the capi-
tal Town of the French Flanders : It was a great, a rich, and a
well fortified Place; with a very ftrong Cittadel: It had been the
firfl; Conqueft the French King had made, and it was become, next
to Paris^ the chief Town of his Dominions: Mar/hal Boufflers
threw himfelf into it, with fome of the beft of the French Troops:
The Garrifon was at leaft 12000 ftrong, fome called it 14000.
Prince Eugene undertook the Condudt of the Siege, with about
30000 Men, and the Duke o^ Marlborough, with the reft of the
Army, lay on the Scheld at Pont-Efperiesy to keep the Communi-
cation open with Brujfels : Some time was loft, before the great
Artillery could be brought up: It lay at Safs van Ghendt-, to have
been fent up the Lys, but now it was to be carried about by ^»/-
'werp to Brujfelsy and from thence by Land-Carriages to the Camp,
which was a long and a flow Work: In that, fome Weeks were
loft, fo that it was near the end of Augufi, before the Siege
was begun. The Engineers promifed the States, to take the
Place within a Fortnight, after the Trenches were opened ; but
the Sequel fhewed, that they reckoned wrong : There were fome
Difputes among them: Errors were committed by thofe, who
weie in greateft Credit, who thought the way of Sapp the fhorteft,
as well as the fureftMethod: Yet afterfometime loft in purfuing this
way, they returned to the ordinary Method. Boufflers made a brave
and a long Defence: The Duke of Burgundy came with his whole
Army fo near ours, that it feemed he defigned to venture another
Battle, rather than lofe fo important a Place: And the Duke of
Marlborough was, for fome Days, in a Pofture to receive him :
But when he faw, that his whole Intention, in coming {q near
him, was only to oblige him to be ready for anAdion, without
coming to any ; and fo to draw off a great part of thofe Bodies,
that carried on the Siege, leaving only as many as were neceftary,
to maintain the Ground they had gained, he drew a Line before

his

of ^ee^7 Ann ^> 507

his Army, and thought only of carrying on the Siege, for while 170^'.
he looked for an Engagement, no Progrcfs was made in that. ' — ^''***',

After fom^ Days, the French drew olT, and fell to making '{"h" ^•""^(^
Lines all along the Sc/je/d, but chieHy about Oudenarde\ that eII aion^ tiic
they might cut off the Communication hetv/ten Brujfeis and our **^"^'"
Camp, and fo fcparateour Army, from all Intercourfe with HgI-
land : The Lines were about feventy Miles long, and in fome
Places near Oudenarde, they looked liker the Ramparts of a for-
tified Place, than ordinary Lines ; on thefe they laid Cannon,
and ported the greateft Part of their Army upon them, fo that
they did effedually flop all Communication by the Scheld. Upon
which, the States ordered all that was neceflary, both for the
Army and for the Siege, to be k.nt to OJi end : And \( the French
had begun their Defigns, with the intercepting this way of Con-
veyance, the Siege muft have been railed, for want of Ammuni-
tion to carry it on.

About this time, 6000 Men were embarked at Portftnouths
in order to be fent over to Portugal : But they were ordered to
lie for fbme time on the Coafl: o[ France, all along from Bul/oigne
to Dieppe, in order to force a Diverfion, we hoping, that this
would oblige the French to draw fome of their Troops out of
Flanders, for the Defence of their Coaft: This had no great effed:,
and the Appearance that the French made, gave our Men fuch
Apprehenfions of their Strength, that tho' they once begun to
land their Men, yet they foon returned back to their Ships : But
as their Behaviour was not a little cenfured, fo the State of the
War in Flanders, made it neceflary to have a greater Force at
OJiend. They were, upon this, ordered to come and land there: AnewSutv
Earl, who commanded them, came out and took a Poft at Lef- \\c^d] '
fingen, that lay on the Canal, which went from Newport to
Bruges, to lecure the Pallage of a great Convoy of 800 Waggons,
that were to be carried from OJlend to the Army : If that had
been intercepted, the Siege muft have been raifed : For the Duke
of Marlborough had fent fome Ammunition from his Army, to
carry on the Siege, and he could fpare no more: He began to
defpair of the Undertaking, and fo prepared his Friends to look
for the raifing the Siege, being in great Apprehenfions concerning
this Convoy ; upon which, the whole Succels of this Enterprize
depended : He fent Webb, with a Body of 6000 Men to fecure
the Convoy.

The French, who underftood well of what confeqtience this A Defeat
Convoy was, lent a Body of 20000 Men, with forty Pieces of f^7»°ib\4sn
Cannon, to intercept it : Webb, feeing the Inequality between *jy ^^'^'^^
his Strength and the Enemy's, put his Men into the beft difpo-

fition

^o8 The History of the Reim

fition lie could. There lay Coppices, on both fides of the Place,
where he ported himfelf ; he lined thefe well, and flood ftill for
fome Hours, while the Enemy cannonaded him, he having no
Cannon to return upon them: His Men lay flat on the Ground,
till that was over. But when the French advanced, our Men fired
upon them, both in Front and from the Coppices, with that
Furyj and with fuch Succefs, that they began to run ; and tho*
their Ofiicers did all that was pofllble to make them ftand, they
could not prevail : So, after they had lofl about 6000 Men, they
marched back to Bruges : Webb durft not leave the advantageous
Ground he was in, to purfue them, being fo much inferiour in
number. So unequal an Adtion, and fofliameful a Flight, with
fo great Lofs, was looked on as the moft extraordinary thing, that
had happened during the whole War: And it encouraged the
one fide, as much as it difpirited the other. Many Reproaches
pafled on this occafion, between the French and the Spaniards ;
the latter, who had fuflered the mofl, blaming the former for
abandoning them: This, which is the ordinary confequence of
all great Misfortunes, was not foon quieted.
Convoys The Couvoy arriving fafe in the Camp, put new Life in our

from 0/fW ^i-my ; Som.e Other Convoys came afterwards, and were brought
the Camp, fafe: For the Duke of Marlborough moved, with his whole
Army, to fecure their Motions, nor did the Enemy think fit to
give them any Difturbance, for fome time. By the means of thefe
Supplies, the Siege was carried on fo effectually, that by the end
of OBober the Town capitulated : Marefchal Boufflers retiring into
the Citadel, with 6000 Men. The French faw of what Importance,
the Communication by OJiend was to our Army, which was
chiefly maintained by the Body, that was pofted 2it Leffingen', (o
they attacked that, by a very great Force : The Place was weak
of itfelf, but all about was put under Water, fo it might have
taken b7tbx made a longer Refiftance : It was too eafily yielded up by thofe
French. -yvithin it, who were made Prifoners of War. Thus the Commu-
nication with OJiend was cut off", and upon that the French flat-
tered themfelves, with the Hopes of ftarving our Army; having
thus feparated it, from all Communication with Holland : info-
much that it was reported, the Duke oiVendome talked of having
our whole Forces delivered into his Hands, as Prifoners of War,
for want of Bread, and other Necefiaries. It is true, the Duke
of Marlborough fent out great Bodies, both into the French Flan-
ders^ and into the Artois-, who brought in great Stores of Provi-
fions: But that could not laft long.

The French Army lay all along the Scheldt but had fent a great
Detachment to cover the Artois : All this while there was a great

Mif.

of ^ecn Anne. 509

Mifiindcrftanding between the Duke o^ Burgundy and the Duke 1708.
Ki^Vendome: The latter took fo much upon him, that the other 'r""^^^ — '
Officers complained of his negledting them ; fo they made theintin-msibc-
Court to the Duke of ^«r^«/7^, and laid the blame of all his o'Sof'
Mifcarriages on Fendome. He kept clofe to the Orders he had from !!''r^l'f^
VerfailleS'i where the Accounts he gave, and the Advices he o^-'do-ne.
fered, were more confidered, than thofe that were lent by the
Duke oi Burgundy : This was very uneafy to him, who was impa-
tient of contradi<5lion, and longed to be in adlion, tho' he did not
fhew the forward nefs, in expofing his own Perfon, that was ex-
pedled: He feemed very devout, even to Bigotry; but by the
Accounts we had from France, it did appear, that his Condudt
during the Campaign, gave no great Hopes or Profped: from
him, when all things fhould come into his hands: Chainillard
was often fent from Court to foften him, and to reconcile him to
the Duke of Vendome, but with no effed.

The Eledor of Bavaria had been fent to command on the ^^'^^'^ ^^
Upper i?^/«^.- The true Reafon was believed, that he might not «aW''^'
pretend to continue in the chief Command in Flanders : He was
put in hopes, of being furnilhed with an Army fo ftrong, as to
be able to break thro' into Bavaria. The Eledor of Hanover
did again undertake the Command of the Army of the Empire?
Both Armies were weak; but they were fb equally weak, that
they were not able to undertake any thing on either fide: So after
fome Months, in which there was no confiderable Adion ; the
Forces on both fides went into Winter Quarters. Then the The Eiedor
Court of France, believing that the EleAor of Bavaria was fo f f "■*""■"*
much beloved in Bruffek, that he had a great Party in the Town, "'^'^
ready to declare for him, ordered an Army of 14000 Men, with
a good Train of Artillery, to be brought together, and with that
Body he was fent to attack Bruffels\ in which, there was a Gar-
rifon of 6000 Men. He lay before the Town five Days, in two
of thele he attacked it with great fury : He was once Mafter of
the Counterfcarp, but he was foon beaten out of it; and tho' he
repeated his Attacks very often, he was repulfed in them all.

The Duke of Marlborough hearing of this, made a fudden Mo- The Duke
tion towards the Scheld: But to deceive the Enemy, it was siven °' ^',^^'^J!.\
out, that he defigned to march diredly towards Ghcndt, and the ■^■cktU
this was believed by his whole Army, and it was probably carried u, ^ "
to the Enemy ; for they feemed to have no Notice nor Apprehen-
fion of his Defign on the Scheld: He advanced towards it in the
Night, and marched with the Foot very quick, leaving the Horfe
to come up with the Artillery : The Lines were fo ftrong, that
it was expelled, that in the breaking thro' them, there nuift have

Vol. II. 6 O been

^ines.

5IO TZ?^ His TORY of the Reign

1708. been a very hot Adion : Some of the General Officers told me,
''^ — " — ^ that they reckoned it would have cofl them at lead loooo Men ;
but to their great furprize, as foon as they pafied the River, the
French ran away, without offering to make the leaft Rcfiftance ;
and they had drawn off their Cannon the Day before. Our Men
were very weary with the Night's March, fo they could not pur-
fue ; for the Horfe were not come up, nor did the Garrifon of
Otidenarde fally out ; yet they took a Thoufand Prifoncrs, Whe-
ther the notice of the Feint, that the Duke of Marlborough gave
out of his Defign on Ghendt^ occalioned the French drawing off
their Cannon, and their being fo fecure, that theyfeemed to have
no Apprehcnfions of his true Dedgns, was not yet certainly known :
But the abandoning thofe Lines, on which they had been working
for many Weeks, was a Surprize to all the World : Their Councils
fcemed to be weak, and the Execution of them was worfe : So
that they, who were fo long the Terror, were now become the
Scorn of the V/orld.
The Eicc- The main Body of their Army retired to F'alejjcienjjes^ great
a^.>L^d^ew Detachments v/ere fent to Ghendt and Bruges: As foon as the
otTfioin Eledor o^ Bavaria had the News of this unlooked for Reverfe of
their Aftairs, he drew off from Brujfeis with fuch Precipitation,
that he left his heavy Cannon and Baggage, with his wounded
Men, behind him: So this Defign, in which 3000 Men were
loft, came foon to an end. Thofe who thought of Prefages,
looked on our paffmg the Lines on the lame Day, in which the
Parliament of Englaiid was opened, as a happy one. Prince Fu-
gene had marched, with the greateft Part of the Force that lay be-
fore Lijle (leaving only what was neceffary to keep the Town,
and to carry on the Sapp againft the Citadel] to have a fliare in
the Action, that was expeded in forcing the Lines : But he came
quickly back, when he faw there was no need of him, and that
the Communication with Brujjeh was opened.
'I he Cir.'.dci The Sicffe of the Citadel was carried on in a flow but fure Me-
piiLi!a:cd/ ^liod : "And v/hen the Beliegers had lodged themfelves in the fe-
cond Counterfcarp, and had raifed all their Batteries, fo that they
were ready to attack the Place, in a formidable manner ;
Mrirefchal Boufflers thought lit to prevent that, by a Capitulation.
It was now" near the end oi November; fo he had the better Terms
granted him : For it was refolved, as late as it was in the Year, to
reduce Ghendt and Bruges^ before this long Campaign fhould be
. concluded: Fie marched out with 5000 Men, fo that the Siege
had cofl- thofe within, as many Lives, as it did the Beiiegers, which
were near 8000.

This

(f ^een Anne* 5 i t

This was a great Conqueft ; the liobleft, the richeft, and thci t7oJ^
flrongefl: Town in thofe Provinces, was thus reduced: And the ^^^^77^
inoft regular Citadel in Europe^ fortified and furnifhed at a vaft 'hat|'air;«l
Expcnce, was taken without firing one Cannon again ft it. The"^"'
Garrifon was obliged to reftore to the Inhabitants, all that had
been carried into the Citadel, and to make good all the Damages,
that had been done the Town, by the demolifhing of Houfcs^
while they were preparing themfelves for the Siege. All the fcvc-
ral Methods the French had ufed, to give a Diverfion, had pro*, ed
ineffedual : But that, in which the Obfervers of Providence re-
joiced moft, was the fignal Charader of a particular Blefling on
this Siege : It was all the whole time a rainy Sealbn, all Europe
over, and in all the neighbouring Places ; yet during the Siege of
the Town, it Vvas dry and fair about it : And on thofe Days of
Capitulation, in which time was allowed for the Garrifon to march
into the Citadel, it rained ; but as foon as thefe were elapfed, fo
that they were at liberty to beficge the Citadel, fair Weather re-
turned, and continued till it was taken.

From Lijle., the Army marched to invert Ghendt^ tlio' it was ^k^"^* an<i
late in the Year ; for it was not done before December : The wkcn.
French boafted much of their Strength, and they had, by fomc
new Works, made a fhow of deligning an obftinate Refiftance*
They ftood it out, till the Trenches were far advanced, and the
Batteries were finifhed, fo that the whole Train of Artillery was
mounted : When all was ready to fire on the Town, the Gover-
nor, to lave both that and his Garrifon, thought fit to capitulatei
He had an honourable Capitulation, and a general Amnefty was
granted to the Town, with a new Confirmation of all their Privi-
leges. The Burghers did not delerve fo good Ufage ; but it was
thought fit, to try how far gentle Treatment could prevail on
them, and overcome their Perverfenefs : And indeed it may be
thought, that they had fufiered fo much by their Treachery, that
they were fufficiently puniihed for it : Ghendt was delivered to
the Duke of Marlborough on the laft of December N. S. fo glo-
rioufly was both the Year and the Campaign finifhed at once :
For the Garrifon, that lay at Bruges, and in the Forts about it,
withdrew without ftaying for a Summons. Thefe being evacuated,
the Army was fent into Winter-Quarters.

It had not been poflible to have kept them in the Field much Averyhvd
longer; for witliin two or three Days after, there was a great Fall ^'* '"'^'"
of Snow, and that was followed by a moft violent Froft, which
continued the longeft of any in the Memory of Man : And tho'
there were ftiort Intervals, of a few Days of Thaw, we had four
Returns of an extreme Froft, the whole lafting about three Months.
2 Many

The History of the Reign

Many died in feveral Parts, by the Extremity of the Cold, it was
fcarce poiTible to keep the Soldiers alive, even in their Quarters :
So that they muft have perifhed, if they had not broke up the
Campaign before this hard Seafon. This coming on fo quick,
after all that was to be done abroad was effeduated, gave new
occafions to thofe, who made their Remarks on Providence, to
obferve the very great BleOings of this Conjundlure, wherein
every thing that was defigned, was happily ended juft at the cri-
tical time, that it was become neceflary to conclude the Campaign :
And indeed the Concurrence of thofe happy Events, that had
followed us all this Year, from the Pretender's firft fetting jput
from Dunkirk, to the conclufion of it, was fo fignal, that it
made great Impreillons on many of the chief Officers, which
fome owned to my felf; tho' they were the Perfons, from whom
I expeded it leaft.
sarjhiiami Thc Campaign m Spain was more equally ballanced : Th

Minorca re

C

duccd. Duke of Orleai2s took Tortofa ; Denia was alfo forced to capitulate,
and the Garrifon were made Prifoners of War. But thefe Lofles by
Land, were well made up by the Succefles of our Fleet: Sardinia
was reduced, after a very feeble and fhort Struggle : The Plenty
of the Ifland made the Conquefl: the more confiderable at that
time, for in Catalonia they were much ftraitened for want of
Provifions, which were now fupplied from Sardinia. Towards
the end of the Campaign, the Fleet, with a Thouland Land-men
on board, came before Minorca, and in a few Days made them-
felves Mafters of that Ifland, and of thofe Forts that commanded
Port Mahon, the only valuable thing in that Ifland : all was car-
ried after a very faint Refiftance, the Garrifonsfhewing either great
Cowardice, or great Inclinations to King Charles. By this, our
Fleet had got a fafe Port, to lie in and refit, and to retire into
on all occafions; for till then we had no place nearer than Lisbon :
this was fuch an Advantage to us, as made a great Impreffion on
all the Princes and States in Italy.
The Pope At this time the Pope began to threaten the Emperor with Ec-
Empero'/'^clefiaftical Cenfures, and a War, for pofieffing himfelf of Com-
wiihCen- jnachio, and for taking Quarters in the Papal Territories: He le-
War. vied Iroops, and went often to review them, not without the
Afiedation of fhewing himfelf a General, as if he had been again
to draw the Sword, as St. Peter did : He opened Sixtus the
Fifth's Treafure, and took out of it 500,000 Crowns for this Ser-
vice : Many were afraid, that this War fhould have brought the
Emperor's Afi'airs into a new Entanglement; for the Court of
France laid hold of this Rupture, and to inflame it, fent Marcfchal
Tejfe to Rof?je, to encourage the Pope, with great Aflurances of

Support :

of ^een A pi n e; 513

Support. He was alfo ordered to try, if the Great Duke and the
Repiiblicks of Venice and Genoa^ could be engaged in an AlHance,
againft the Imperialifts.

The Ernperor bore all the Pof)c's Threats, with great paticncej TiicDukcoi"
J:ill the Duke o{ Savoy ended the Campaign: That Dukls, at the i-jV/./rx and
firft opening of it, marched into Savoy^ from whence it was ^''"'i-''''-'-
thought his Deiigns were upon Dauphiny. Viilars was fent againft
him, to defend that Frontier ; tho' he did all he could to decline
that Command : He drew all his Forces together to cover Dau-
phiny ; and by thefe Motions, the Paflage into the Alps was now
open: fo the \y\^Q pi Savoy fecured that, and then marched back
to beliege firft Exillesy and then Feneftrella, two Places ftrong by
their Situation, from whence Excurfions could have been made
into Piedmont ; fo that in cafe of any Misfortune, in that Duke's
Affairs, they would have been very uneafy Neighbours to him :
ne took them both. The greateft Difficulty in thofe Sieges, wa^
from the Imprafticableneis of the Ground, which drew them out
into fuch a length, that the Snow began to fallj by the time both
were taken; By this means the Aips were cleared, and Dauphiny
was now open to him : He was alfo Mafter of the Valley of Pra-^
gelasy and all things were ready, for a greater Progrefs in ariother
Campaign;

The Emperor's Troops, that were commanded by him^ werfe,
at the end of the Seafon, ordered to march into the Pope's Territo-
ries; and were joined by fome more Troops, drawn out of the
Milaneze and the Mantuan. The Pope's Troops began the War,
in a very barbarous manner ; for while they were in a fort of a
Gellation, they furprized a Body of the hnperialijls^ and without
Mercy put them ail to the Sword : But as the Imperial Arnty ad-
vanced, the PapalinSy or, as the Italians in derifion called them,
the P apagalliansy fled every where before them, even when they
were three to one. As they canie on, the Pope's Territories and
Places were all caft open to them : Bologna^ the moft important^
and the richeft of them all, capitulated ; dnd received them with-
out the leaft Refiftance . The People of Rome were uneafy at the
Pope's Proceedings, and at the Apprehenfions of a new Sack frbm
a German Army : They ftiewed this fo openly, that Tumults there
were much dreaded, and many Cardinals declared openly againft
this War. The Emperor fent a Minifter to Rome^ to fee if Mat-
ters could be accommodated : But the Terms propofcd feemed to'
be of hard Digeftion, for the Pope was required to acknowledge
King Charles^ and in every particular to comply with the Empe-
ror's Demands.

Vol. II. 6 P the

514 ^^ History of the Reign

1708. The Pnpe was amazed at his ill SucGefs, and at thofe high
.J:;-;^v~' Terms; but there was no Remedy left: The ill State of Affairs
obliged to in France^ was now fo vifible, that no regard was had to tke
£e Em-" great Promifes, which Marefchal Tejfe was making, nor was there
peror. any hopes of drawing the Princes and States of Italy, into an Al-
liance for his Defence. In conclufion, the Pope, after he had
delayed yielding to the Emperor's Demands long enough, to give
the Imperialijls time to eat up his Country, at laft fubmitted to
^v^ry thing , yet he delayed acknowledging King Charles for
fome Months, tho' he then promifed to do it ; upon which the
Emperor drew his Troops out of his Territories. The Pope* turned
k "ovviedgcd over the manner of acknowledging King Charles, to a Congre-
Y^xharin gation of Cardinals: But they had no mind to take the load of
this upon themfelves, which would draw an Exclufion upon
them from France, in every Conclave; they left it to the Pope,
and he affe^ed Delays : So that it was not done, till the end of
the following Year.
AfTiirsin The Affairs in ^;^;z^^ry continued in the fame ill State, in

which they had been for fome Years: The Emperor did not
grant the Demands of the Diet, that he had called ; nor did he
redrefs their Grievances, and he had not a Force ftrong enough
to reduce the Malecontents : So that his Council could not fall
on Methods, either to fatisfy, or to fubdue them.
And in Poland continued flill to be a Scene of War and Mifery ; to

FoJand. fi^gjj. other Calamities, they had the Addition of a Plague, which
laid fome of their great Towns wafte: The Party, formed againft
Sianijlaus, continued flill to oppofe him, tho' they had no King
to head them : The King of Sweden % warlike Plumour pofleflcd
him to fuch a degree, that he refolved to march into M///?oiy\
The C^/xr tried, howfarSubmiflionsand Interceflions could /often
him; but he was inflexible: He marched thro the CZ^r«/>2, butmade
no great progrefs: The whole Mufcovite Force fell on one of his
Generals, that had about him only a Part of his Army, and gave
him a total Defeat, moft of his Horfe being cut off After that,
we v/ere, for many Months, without any certain News from thofe
Parts: Both fides pretended, they had great Advantages; and
as Stanijlaus\ Interefls carried him to fet out and magnify the
Swedijh Succefs, (o the Party that oppofed him, ftudied as much
to raife, the Credit of the Mufcovites : So that it was not yet eafy
to know, what to believe further, than that there had been no
decifH'e Adion, throughout the whole Year ; nor was there any
during the following Winter.
Aftairsat ^"^" AiTairs at Sea were lefs unfortunate this Year, than they

Sea- had been formerly : The Merchants were better fervcd with

^ J 2 Convoys,

of ^cen A N N E; ^15

Cohvoys^ and we made no confiderablc Lofles. A Squadron that i yc* ^•.
was fcnt to the Bay of Mexico, met with the Galleons, and en- '— -v —
gaged them : If all their Captains had done their Duty, they
had been all taken : Some few fought well. The Admiral of the
Galleons, which carried a great Treafure^ was funk ; the Vice-
Admiral was taken, and the Rear-Admiral run himfelf afhore
near Cartagena -y the refl got away. The Enemy loft a greit
deal by this Adion, tho' we did not gain fo much as we might
have done, if all our Captains had been brave and diligent.
Another Squadron carried over the Queen o'i Portugal, which
was performed with great Magnificence ; fhe had a quick and
eafy Paflage. This did in fome meafure compenfate to that
Crown for our failing them, in not fending over the Supplied
that we had ftipulated ; it was a particular Happincfs, that the
Spaniards were fo Weak, as not to be able to take advantage of
the naked and unguarded State, in which the Portuguese wcrfc
at this time.

In the end of OSiober, George Prince o{ De7t77iarkdS.Q.^, in the p.ince.
jFifty-fixth Year of his Age, after he had been Twenty- five Yearsj dS'*
and fome Months, married to the Queen : He was Afthmatical,
which grew on him with his Years ; for fome time he was con-
fidered as a dying Man, but the laft Year of his Life, he feemed
to be recovered, to a better State of Health. The Queen had
been, during the whole courfe of her Marriage, an extraordinary
tender and affedlionate Wife: And in all his lllnefs, which lafted
fome Years, fhe would never leave his Bed ; but fate up, fome-
times half the Night in the Bed by him, with fuch Care and
Concern, that fhe was looked on very defcrvedly, as a Pattern in>
this refpedt.

This Prince had fhewed himfelf brave in War, both in Z)^;^- AndCha-
^^ri and in Ireland: His Temper was mild and gentle: He"^^ ^^'
had made a good progrefs in Mathematicks: He had travelled
thro' France, Italy, and Germany^ and knew much more, than
he could vvcll exprefs; for he fpoke acquired Languages ill and
ungracefully. He Was free from all Vice: He meddled little in .
Bufinefs, even after the Queen's Acceflion to the Crown : He
was fo gained to the Tories, by the Ad: which they carried in his
favour, that he was much in their Intereft : He was unhappily
prevailed with, to take on him the Poft of High-Admiral, of
which he underftood little; but was fatally led by thofe, whd
had Credit with him, who had not all of them his good Quali-
ties, but had both an ill Temper and ba-d Principles: His being
bred to the Sea, gained him fome Credit in thofe Matters. In
the Condud of our Affairs, as great Errors were committed, fb'

great

^i6 The History of the Reign

1708. great Misfortunes had followed on them: All thefe were imputed
^-"^r—^ to the Prince's Eafinefs, and to his Favourite's ill Management and
bad Defigns; This drew a very heavy load on the Prince, and
made his Death to be the lefs lamented : The Queen was not only
decently, but deeply affedied with it;
A new Mi- The Earl of Pembf-oke vvas now advanced to the Poft of High-
^'^' Admiral ; which he entred on with great Uneafinefs, and a juft
Apprehenfion, of the Difficulty of maintaining it well, in a time
of War : He was at that time both Lord Prejident of the Council,
and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The Earl of Wharton had the
Government of Ireland^ and the Lord Somers was made Lord
Prefident of the Council : The great Capacity and inflexible Inte-
grity of this Lord, would have made his Promotion to this Poft
very acceptable to the Whigs, at any Junfture, but it was moft par-
ticularly (o at this time ; for it was expeded that Propoiitions for a
general Peace would be quickly made; and fo they reckoned, that
the Management of that, upon which, not only the Safety of the
Nation, but of all Europe depended, was in lure hancfs, when he
was let at the head of the Councils, upon whom, neither ill Prac-
tices nor falfe Colours were like to make any Impreflion. Thus
the Minds of all thole, who were truly zealous for the prefent
Conftitution, were much quieted by this Promotion ; thb' their
Jealoufies had a deep root, and were not ealily removed.
A new Par- The Parliament was opened in the middlt oi Novembef, with
opened. great advantage ; for the prefent Miniftry was now wholly fuchj
that it gave an entire content, to all who willied well to our Af-
fairs : And the great SuccelTes abroad, filenced thofe who were
otherwifc dilpofed to find fault, and to complain. The Queen.
did not think it decent for her to come to Parliament, during this
whole Scflion : So it was managed by a Commiflion reprefenting
her Perlbn. Sir Richard Onjlow was choien Speaker, without the
leaft Oppofition : He was a worthy Man, entirely zealous for the
Government; he was very acceptable to the Whigs, and the Tories
felt that they had (o little ftrength in this Parliament, that they
relblved to lie filent, and to wait for fuch Advantages, as the Cir-
cum fiances of Affairs might give them. In the Houfe of Com-
mons, the Supplies that were demanded, were granted very una-
nimoufly, not only for maintaining the Force then on foot, but
for an Augmentation of 1 0000 more: This was thought neceflary
to prefs the War with more force, as the furefl: way to bring
on a fpeedy Peace : The States agreed to the like Augmentation
on their fide. The French^ according to their ufiial Vanity, gave
out, that they had great Defigns in view for the next Campaign :
And it was confidently fpread about by the Jacobites^ that a new

Invafion

of ^ieen Anne. 517

Invafion was deflgned, both on Scotland^ and on Ireland. At 1708.
the end of the Campaign, Prince Eugene went to the Court of " — v^ — ■*
Vienna^ which obHged the Duke of Marlborough to flay on the
other fide, till he returned. Things went on in both Houfes, ac-
cording to the diredlions given at Court, for the Court being now
joined with the Whigs, they had a clear Majority in every thing:
All Eledlions were judged in favour of Whigs and Courtiers, but
with fb much Partiality, that thofe, who had formerly made loud
Complaints of the Injuftice of the Tories, in determining Eledions,
when they were a Majority, were not fo much as out of counte-
nance, when they were reproached for the fame thing : They pre-
tended, they were in a State of War with the Tories, fb that it
was reafonable to retaliate this to them, on the account of their
former Proceedings: But this did not fatisfy jufl and upright
Men, who would not do to others, that which they had com-
plained of, when it was done to them, or to their Friends. The
Houfe of Commons voted a Supply of feven Millions, for the Ser-
vice of the enfuing Year ; the Land-Tax, and the Duty on Malt,
were readily agreed to : But it took fome time to find a Fund for
the refl, that they had voted.

A Petition, of a new nature, was brought before the Lords, 1709.
with relation to the Eledion of the Peers from Scotland : There [rP^~'~~'
was a Return made in due form, but a Petition was laid before the concerning
Houfe in the name of four Lords, who pretended that they ought ofjhe ?e'"rT
to have been returned: The Duke of ^^eensbury had been created oiSiotLnd.
a Duke of Great Britain, by the Title of Duke o^ Dover , yet
he thought he had flill a right to vote as a Peer of Scotland : He
had likewife a Proxy, fo that two Votes depended on this point,
whether the Scotch Peerage did fink into the Peerage of Great Bri-
tain. Some Lords, who were Prifoners in the CafUe o^ Edinburgh
on fufpicion, as favouring the Pretender, had fent for the Sheriff
of Lothian to the Caflle, and had taken the Oaths before him ;
and upon that, were reckoned to be qualified to vote or make a
Proxy ; now it was pretended, that the Caflle of Edinburgh was
a Conflabulatory, and was out of the Sheriff's Jurifdi(ftion ; and
that therefore, he could not legally tender them the Oaths : Some
Proxies were figned, without fubfcribing Witneffes, a Form ne-
ceffary by their Law: Other Exceptions were alfb taken, from fome
Rules of the Law o^ Scotland, which had not been obferved. The
Clerks being alfo complained of, they were fcnt for, and were or-
dered to bring up with themalllnflrumentsor Documents relating to
the Eledlion: When they came up, and every thing was laid before
the Houfe of Lords, the whole Matter was long and well debated.

Vol. II. 6 Q^ As

5i8 The History of the Reign

1709. As to the Duke of ^eensbury\ \ot\.v\^ among the Scotch

' — ^'~:p-' Lords, it was faid, that if a Peer o^ Scotland-, being made a Peer

Pecrcrcaced of Great Britain^ did ftill retain his Interefl in elecling the Six-

""creatBri- tccn from Scotland^ this would oreate a great Inequality among

/;i/»vvasto Peers; fome having a Vote by Reprefentation, as well as in Per-

Vote there, fon: The Precedent was mifchievous, fince by the creating fome of

the chief Families in ^iSco/Z^W, Vz^v^oi Great Britain-, they would

be able to carry the whole Eledion of the Sixteen, as they plealed.

It was objedled, that by a Claufe in the Aft pafTed fince the

Union, the Peers of Englafid (who were likewife Peers of Scot-

landj had a right to vote, in the Eledion of Scotland, ftill re-

ferved to them, fo there feemed to be a Parity in this Cafe with

:hat: But it was anfwered, that a Peer of England and a Peer of

Scotland held their Dignity under two different Crowns, and by

two different Great Seals: But Great Britain, including Scotland

as well as Englajid, the Scotch Peerage muft now merge in that of

Great Britain : Belides, that there were but five, who were

Peers of both Kingdoms, before the Union j fo that, as it might

be reafonable to make Provifion for them, fo was it of no great con-

fequence, but if this Precedent were allowed, it might go much

further: and have very ill Confequences. Upon a Divifion of the

Houfe, the Matter was determined againft the Duke of ^eens-

bury.

Other Ex- A great deal was faid both at the Bar by Lawyers, and in the

S-Jecr- Debate in the Houfe, upon the point of Jurifdidion, and of the

Hiined. Exemption of a Conftabulatory : It was faid, that the Sheriffs

Court ought to be, as all Courts were, open and free ; and fo

could not be held within a Caftle or Prifon : But no exprefs De-

cifion had ever been made in this Matter. The Prifoners had

taken the Oaths, which was the chief Intent of the Law, in the

beft manner they could ; fo that it feemed not realbnable to cut

them off from the main Privilege of Peerage, that was referved

to them, becaufe they could not go abroad to the Sheriffs Court:

After a long Debate, it was carried, that the Oaths were duly ten-

dred to them. Some other Exceptions were proved and admitted,

the Returns of fome, certifying that they had taken the Oaths, were not

fealed, and fome had figned thefe, without fubicribing Witneffes:

other Exceptions were offered from Provifions, the Law oi Scotlaftd

had made, with relation to Bonds and other Deeds, which had not

been obferved in making of Proxies : But the Houfe of Lords did

not think thele were of that Importance, as to vacate the Proxies

on that account. So, after a full Hearing, and a Debate that

lafted many Days, there was but one of the Peers, that was re-

, turned, who was found not duly eleded, and only one of the

petitioning

of ^ee^ An NE' 519

petitioning Lords was brought into the Houfc ; theMarquefs o^An- \^qc^.
nandale was received, and the Marqucfs of Lothia?i was let afide. ^-^ — v~"*^

The Scotch Members in both Houfes were divided into Fac- AFa^ion
tions : The Duke of ^eensbury had his Party, ftill depending on S"^'^'
him : He was in fuch credit with the Lord Treafurer and the
Queen, that all the Pofts in Scotland were given to Perfons re-
commended by him: The chief Miniftcrs at Court fcemed to
have laid it down for a Maxim, not to be departed from, to look
carefully to Eledlions in Scotland', that the Members returned
from thence, might be in an entire Dependance on them, and be
either Whigs or Tories, as they fhould fhift fides. The Duke of
^hceensbury was made third Secretary of State ; he had no foreign
Province afligned him, but Scotland was left to his Management :
The Dukes of //<2w/7/o«, Montrojs^ 2iX\A Roxburgh^ had fet them-
felves in an oppoHtion to his Power, and had carried many Elec-
tions againft him: The Lord Somers and Sunderland fupportcd
them, but could not prevail with the Lord Treafurer, to bring
them into an equal fliare of the Adminiftration ; this had almoit
occafioned a Breach ; for the Whigs, tho' they went on in a con-
jundion with the Lord Treafurer, yet continued ftill to be jealous
of him.

Another Ad was brought on and pafled in this SefHon, with An Aa con-
relation to Scotland^ which gave occafion to great and long De- Trkbof
bates ; what gave rife to it was this : Upon the Attempt made by J^^Jw "
the Pretender, many of the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland,
who had all along adhered to that Intereft, were fecured ; and
after the Fleet was got back to Dunkirk, and the Danger was
over, they were ordered to be brought up Prifoners to London ;
when they came, there was no Evidence at all againft them, fo
they were difmifled, and fent back to Scotland. No Exceptions
could be taken to the fecuring them, while there was Danger :
But ftnce nothing befides Prefumptions lay againft them, the
bringing them, up to London, at fuch a Charge, and under fuch
a Difgrace, was much cenfured, as an unreafonable and an unjuft
Severity ; and was made ufe of, to give that Nation a further aver*
fton to the Union. That whole Matter was managed by the
Scotch Lords then in the Miniftry, by which, they both revenged
themfelves on fome of their Enemies, and made a fhewof Zeal {or;
the Government; tho' fuch as did not believe them ftncere in thefe
ProfelTions, thought it was done on defign to exafperate die Scots
the more, and fo to difpofethem to wifti for another Invafion. The
Whig Miniftry in England difowned all thefe Proceedings, and
ufed the Scots Prifoners fo well, that they went down much in-
clined to concur with them : But the Lord Godolphin fatally

adhered

/

520 The History of the Reign

1709. adhered to the A^cdJ/c^ Minifters, and fupported them, by which,
— ■^-— ' the advantage that might have been made from thefe fevere Pro-
ceedings was loft ; but the chief occafion given, to the Ad: con-
cerning Treafons in Scotland-, was from a Trial of fome Gentle-
men of that Kingdom, who had left their Houfes, when the Pre-
tender was on the Sea, and had gone about armed, and in fo
fecret and fufpicious a manner, that it gave great caufe of Jea-
loufy : There was no clear Evidence to convidl them, but there
were very ftrong, if not violent Prefumptions againft them :
Some Forms in the Trial had not been obferved, which the cri-
minal Court judged were necejQary, and not to be dilpenfed with.
J3ut the Queen's Advocate ^ix James Stuart was of another mind:
The Court thought it was neceflary by their Law-r, that the Names
of the WitnefTes fhould have been fignified to the Prifoners fifteen
Days before their Trial : But the Queen's Advocate had not com-
plied with this, as to the chief Witnefles ; fo the Court could not
hear their Evidence : He did not upon that move for a Delay, fb
the Trial went on, and the Gentlemen were acquitted. Severe
Expoftulations pafled between the Queen's Advocate and the
Court : They complained of one another to the Queen, and both
fides juftified their Complaints in print. Upon this it appeared,
that the Laws in Scotland., concerning Trials in Cafes of Treafbn,
were not fixed nor certain : So a Bill was brought into the Houfe
of Commons, to fettle that matter ; but it was fo much oppoied
by the Scotch Members, that it was dropt in the Committee : It
was taken up and managed with more Zeal by the Lords.
The Heads It coofiftcd of three Heads: All Crimes, which were High-
Treafon by the Law of England (and thefe only) were to be
High-Treafon in Scotland : The Manner of proceeding fettled in
Engla7id was to be obferved in Scotland'., and the Pains and For-
feitures were to be the fame in both Nations. The Scotch Lords
oppofed every Branch of this A6t: They moved, that all things that
were High-Treafon by the Law o^ England-, might be enumerated
ill the Ad, for the Information of the Scotch Nation : Otherwife
they muft ftudy the Book of Statutes, to know when they werefafe,
and when they were guilty. To this it was anfwered, that Di-
rection would be given to the Judges, to publifli an Abftrad of
the Laws of High-Treafon, which would be a fufficient Infor-
mation to the People of Scotland, in this matter : That Nation
would by this means be in a much fafer condition, than they
were now ; for the Laws they had, were conceived in fuch ge-
neral Words, that the Judges might put fuch Conftrudions on
them, as fliould ferve the ends of a bad Court ; but they would
by this Ad be reftrained in this matter for the future.

The

of the Act.

of ^een Ann ti, .i;2i

The Second Head in this Bill occafioned a nnich longer Dc- 1 709.
bate: It changed the whole Method of Proceedings in Scotland: '^^f^^'^y^.
The former way there was, the Queen's Advocate figned a Ci- or procccd-
tation of the Perfons, fetting forth the fpccial Matter of High- S"
Treafon, of which they were accufed; this was to be delivered
to them, together with the Names of the WitnefTes, fifteen Days
before the Trial. When the Jury was empannelled, no pe-
remptory Challenges were allowed; Reafons were to be offered
with every Challenge, and if the Court admitted them, they
were to be proved immediately. Then the Matter of the Charge,
which is there called the Relevancy of the Libel, was to be argued
by Lawyers, whether the Matter, fuppofe it fliould be proved, did
amount to High-Treafon or not ; this was to be determined by a
Sentence of the Court, called the Interloquitur : And the Proof
of the Fad was not till then to be made: Of tliat the Jury had
the Cognizance. Antiently the Verdid went with the Majority, the
number being fifteen; but by a late Ad, the Verdidt was to be
given, upon the Agreement of two third Parts of the Jury : In the
Sentence, the Law did not limit the Judges to a certain Form,
but they could aggravate the Punifbment, or moderate it, ac-
cording to the Circumftances of the Cafe. All this method was
to be fet afide: A Grand Jury was to find the Bill, the Judges
were only to, regulate Proceedings, and to declare what the Law-
was, and the whole Matter of the Indidment was to be left en-
tirely to the Jury, who were to be twelve, and all to agree in
their Verdid.

In one particular, the Forms in Scotlaftd were much preferable
to thofe in England', the Depofitions of the Witneffes were takeh
indeed by Word of Mouth, but were writ out, and after that
were figned by the Witneffes ; they were fentin to the Jury; and
thefe were made a part of the Record. This was very flow and
tedious, but the Jury, by this means, was more certainly pof-
feffed of the Evidence; and the Matter was more clearly delivered
down to Pofterity: whereas the Records in- E/ig/and are very de~
fedive, and give no light to a Hiftorian, that perufes them, as I
found when I wrote the Hijiory of the Reformation.

The Scotch oppofed this Alteration of their way of Proceeding;
they faid, that neither the Judges, the Advocates, nor the Clerks
would know how to manage a Trial of Treafon: Tliey infifted
moft on the having the Names of the Witnefles, to be given to the
Perfons, fome Days before their Trial: It feemed reafonable, that
a Man fhould know who was to be brought to wirnefs againft
him, that fo he might examine his Life, and fee what credit
ought to be given to him: On the other hand it was faid, this

Vol. IL 6 R wou14

£^22 Z&^ History of the Reign

I 700. would open a door to much Practice, either upon the Witnefles
^^ — v~— ' to corrupt them, or in fuborning other Witnefles, to defame
them. To this it was anfwered, that a guilty Man knew what
could be brought againft him, and without fuch notice would
take all the Methods poflible to defend himfelf : But Provifion
ought to be made for innocent Men, whofe chief guilt might be
a good Eftate, upon which a Favourite might have an eye : And
therefore fuch Perfons ought to be taken care of. This was after-
wards fo much foftened, that it v/as only dedred, that the Names
of the Witnefl*es, that had given evidence to the Grand Jury fhould,
upon their finding the Bill, be fignified to the Prifoner, five
Days before his Trial. Upon a Divifion of the Houfe on this
Qiiefl:ion, the Votes were equal ; fo by the Rule of the Houfe,
Of the For- that in fuch a cafe the Negative prevails, it was loft. Upon the
fcituresin third Head of the Bill, the Debates grew ftill warmer: In Scot-
Tieaibn. land many Families were fettled by long Entails and Perpetuities;
fo it was faid, that fince, by one of the Articles of the Union, all
private Rights wefe ftill preferved, no Breach could be made on
thefe Settlements. I carried this farther : I thought it was neither
juft nor reafonable to fet the Children on begging, for their Fa-
ther's Faults : The Romans^ during their Liberty, never thought
of carrying Punifhments fo far : It was an Invention, under the
Tyranny of the Emperors, who had a particular Revenue called
the Fife, and all Forfeitures were claimed by them, from whence
they were called Confifcations : It was never the Practice of free Go-
vernments : Bolog7ia flourifhed beyond any Town in the Pope's
Dominions, becaufe they made it an Article of their Capitulation
with the Pope, that no Confifcation fhould follow on any Crime
whatloever. In Holland the Confifcation was redeemable by fo
ivery fraall a Sum, as an Hundred Guilders: Many Inftances
could be brought of Profecutions, only to obtain the Confifcation:
But none of the Lords feconded me in this ; it was acknowledged,
that this was juft and reafonable, and fit to be pafTed in good
times, but fince we were now expofed to fo much Danger from
abroad, it did not feem advifeable to abate the Sev^erity of the
Law: But Claufes were agreed to, by which, upon Marriages,
Settlements might be made in Scotland^ as was pradifed in
Rjigland ; for no Eftate is forfeited for the Crime of him, who
is only Tenant for Life. By this Adt alio, Tortures were con-
demned, and the Queen was empowered to grant Commiffions
of Oyer and 'Terminer as in England^ for trying Treafons : The
Scotch infifted on this, that the Jufticiary or the Criminal Court
being preferved by an Article of the Union, this broke in upon
that. It was anfwered, the Criminal Court was ftill to fit, in the

Times

of ^een A n n e^ 523

Times regulated : But thefe Commiflions were granted upon fpc- i yog;
cial Occafions. In the Intervals, between the Terms, it might v— -v-*-»
be neceflary upon fonie Emergency not to delay Trials too long :
But to give fome content, it was provided by aClaufe, that a fudge
of the Criminal Court iliould be always one oi the ^wrum, in
thefe Commiflions : So the Bill pafTed in the Houfe of Lords,
notwithftanding the Oppoiition of all the Scotch Lords, with
whom many of the Tories concurred ; they being difpofed to op-
pofe the Court in every thing, and to make Treafon as little to be
dreaded as pofUble.

The Bill met with the fame Oppofition in the Houfe of Com- Amc-n^-
mons ; yet it pafled with two Amendments: By one, the Names ^^y*'°'^*
of the Witneiles, that had appeared before the Grand Jury, were
ordered to be fent to the Prifoner, ten Days before his Trial: The
other was, that no Eftate in Land was to be forfeited, upon a
Judgment of High-Treafon : This came up fully to the Motion
I had made. Both thefe Amendments were looked on as fucli
popular things, that it was not probable, that the Houfe of Com-
mons would recede from them : Upon that, the Whigs in the
Houle of Lords did not think fit to oppofe them, or to lofe the
Bill : So it was moved to agree to thele Amendments, with this
Provifb, that they fhould not take place till after the Death of the
Pretender: It was faid, that fince he aflumed the Title of King of
Great Britain, and hadfo lately attempted to invade us, it was not
reafonable to lefTen the Punifhment, and the Dread of Treafon,
as long as he lived. Others objeded to this, that there would be
fl:ill a Pretender after him, fince (o many Perfons ftood in the Li-
neal Defcent before the Houfe of Hanover-, fo that this Provifo
feemed to be, upon the Matter, the rejedling the Amendment: but
it was obferved, that to pretend to the Right of fucceeding, was a
different thing from afluming the Title, and attempting an Inva-
fion. The Amendment was received by the Houfe of Lords
with this Provifb ; thofc who were againft the whole Bill, did
not agree to it. The Houfe of Commons confentcd to the Pro-
vifb, which the Lords had added to their Amendment, with a
further Addition, that it fliould not take place till three Years
after the Houfe of Hanover fhould fucceed to the Crown.

This met with great Oppofition, it was confidcred as a diftin- f^ paired in
guifhing Chara<5ler of thofe, who were for or againft the prefent i^f^di
Conftitution, and the Succeflion ; the Scots ftiJl oppofing it on
the account of their formal Laws : Both Parties muflered up their
Strength, and many, who had gone into the Country, were
brought up on this occafion : So that the Bill, with all the
Amendments and Provifo's, was carried by a fmall Majority;

the

Houfes.

524 7^^^' History of the Reign

1709. tkc Lords agreeing to this new Amendment. Th^ Scotch Mem-

*-^-^.''*^-^ bcrs in both Hoiifes Teemed to apprehend, that the Bill would be

very odious in their Country; To to maintain their Intereft at home,

they, who were divided in every thing elfe, did agree in oppofing

this Bill.

An \:\ of The Court apprehended from the Heat, with which the De-

'■"■*■■ bates were managed, and the Difiiculty in carrying the Bill thro*

both Houfcs, that ill-difpofed Men would endeavour to poflefs

People, with Apprehenlions of bad Defigns and Severities, that

would be fct on foot ; fo they refolved to have an Ad of Grace

immediately upon it: It was the firft the Queen had fent, tho' fhe

had then reigned above feven Years : The Minifters, for their own

lake, took care that it {hould be very flill ; it was indeed fuller

than any former Ad; of Grace, all Tteafons committed before the

figning the Ad:, which was the 1 9th of April, were pardoned,

thofe only excepted that were done upon the Sea : By this, thofe

who had imbarked with the Pretender were ftill at mercy. This Ad,

according to form', was read once in both Houfes, and with the

ufual Complements of Thanks, and v/ith that the Seilion ended.

^",^"'^'fr Other things of great Importance pafTed during this Seflion :

Bank. The Houfc of Commons voted an Enlargement of the Bank, al-

mofl: to three Millions, upon which, the Books were opened to

receive newSubfcriptions: and to the Admiration of all Europe, as

well as of our felves at home, the whole Sum was fubfcribed in a itw

Hours time : This fhewed both the Wealth of the Nation, and the

Confidence that all People had in the Government. By this Sub-

fcription, and by a further Prolongation of the General Mortgage of

the Revenue, they created good Funds, for anfwering all the

Money, that they had voted in the beginning of the Seflion.

^rrL • Our Trade was now very high; and was carried on every where

vcri^la!. Vv'ith advantage, but no where more than at Lisbon : For the Por-

tugueze were fo happy, in their Dominions in America, that they

difcovered vaft Quantities of Gold in their Mines, and we were

aifurcd that they had brought home to Portugal, the former Year,

ab 'lit four Millions Sterling, of which they, at that time, flood

in great need, for they had a very bad Harveft : But Gold an-

fvvcrs all things : They were fupplied from England with Corn,

and we had in return a large fhare of their Gold.

An Ad for a An Ad paflcd in this Seilion, that was much defired, and had

rurairiatioii' 1 '^en oftcn attempted, but had been laid afide in fo many former

left'anrs'^^' Parliaments, that there was fcarcc^ any hopes left to encourage a

new Attei"iipt: It was for Naturalizing all foreign Proteftants, upon

theii" taking the Oaths to the Government, and their receiving the

Sacrameni in zwy Proteftant Church. Thofe who were againfl: .

the

of ^een Anne. 5 25

liie A£l, foon perceived that tliey could have no Strength, if they 1709.
fhould fet thcmfelves diredly to oppofe it; fb they ftudied to hniit '— nr-*-*
Strangers in the receiving the Sacrament, to the way of the Church
of England. This probably would not have hindrcd many, who
were otherwife difpofed to come among us : For the much greater
part of the French came into the way of our ChurcJi. But it was
thought beft to caft the Door as wide open as pofTible, for en-*
couraging of Strangers: And therefore lince, upon their fir/l
coming over, fome might chufe.the Way, to which they had
been accuftomed beyond Sea, it feemed the more inviting method
to admit of all who were in any Proteftant Communion : This was
carried in the Houfe of Commons, with a great Majority ; but all
thofe, who appeared for this large and compreheniive way, were
reproached for their Coldnefs and Indifference in the Concerns of
the Church : And in that I had a large fhare; as I fpoke copioufly
for it, when it was brought up to the Lords: the Bifliop oiCheJler
fpoke as zealoufly againft it, for he feemed refolved to diftinguifli
liimfelf, as a Zealot for that which was called High-Church» The
£ill paffed with very little Oppofition.

There was all this Winter great talk of Peace ; which the Mife- An AddrcfS
xies and Neceflity of France feemed to drive them to : This gave when a "^
•occafion to a Motion, concerted among the Whigs, and opened J,^^^^^ °^
by tlie Lord Halifax^ that an Addrefs fhould be made to the ^iio"'' be
Queen, to conclude no Peace with France^ till they fhould dif- "'"^"'' "
own the Pretender, and fend him out of that Kingdom, and till
the Proteftant Succeffion fliould be univerfally owned, and that a
Guaranty fhould be fettled among the Allies for fecuring it. None
durft venture to oppofe this, fo it was ealily agreed to, and fent
down to the Houfe of Commons, for their Concurrence. They
prefently agreed to it, but added to it, a Matter of great impor-
tance, that the demolifliing oi Dunkirk fhould be likewife inf ifted
on, before any Peace were concluded : So both Houfes carried this
Addrefs to the Queen, who received and anfwered it very favoura-
bly. This was highly acceptable to the whole Nation, and to all
our Allies. Thefe were the moft confiderable Tranfaclions of
this ScfUon of Parliament, which was concluded on the 21ft of
April.

The Convocation was fummoned, chofen, and returned as the TheConvo-
Parliament was: But it was too evident, that the fame iUTem-pu"off^^^y'a
per, that had appeared in former Convocations, did ftill prevail, v
tho' not with fuch a Majority: When the day came, in which it
was to be opened, a Writ was fent from the Queen to the Arch-
bifhop, ordering him to prorogue the Convocation for fome Months :
and at the end of thefe, there came another Writ, ordering a fur-
"Vo I.. U. 6 S tlier

■"rorogi-
tion.

1709.

A Fadion
among the
Clergy of
Ireland.

5 26 The History of the Reign

thcr Prorogation : So the Convocation was not opened during
this Seflion of Parliament ; by this, a prefent Stop was put to the
fadious Temper of thofe, who fludied to recommend themfelves
by embroihng the Church.

It did not cure them; for they continued ftill by Libels and
falfe Stories to animate their Party : and fo catching a thing is
this turbulent Spirit, when once it prevails among Clergymen, that
the fame ill Temper began to ferment and fpread it felf among the
Clergy of Ireland \ none of thofe Difputes had ever been thought
of in that Church formerly, as they had no Records nor Minutes
' of former Convocations. The Fadlion here in Engla?id found
out proper Inftruments, to let the fame Humour on foot, during
the Earl of Rocbefier\ Government, and, as was faid, by his Di~
redions : And it being once let a going, it went on by reafon of
the Indolence of the fucceeding Governours: So the Clergy were
making the fame bold Claim there, that had raifed fuch Difputes
among us ; and upon that, the Party here published thofe Pre-
tenfions of theirs, with their ufual Confidence, as founded on a
clear PoflefHon and Prefcription : And drew an Argument from
that, to juftify and fupport their own Pretenfions, tho' thofe in
Ireland never dreamed of them, till they had the Pattern
and Encouragement from hence. This was received by the
Party with great Triumph, into fuch indired: Pradices do Mens
An ill Tern- ill Defigns and Animofi ties engage them: But tho' this whole
our cie°gy Matter was well deteded and made appear, to their fhame, who
iiiiikept up. jj^j£ j^yjjj. ^-Q much upon it, yet Parties are never out of counte-
nance ; but when one Artifice fails, they will lay out for ano-
ther. The fecret Encouragement, with which they did mofl: ef-
fedually animate their Party, was, that the Queen's Heart was
with them : And that tho' the War, and the other Circumftances
of her Affairs, obliged her at prefent to favour the moderate Party,
yet as foon as a Peace brought on a better Settlement, they pro-
mifed themfelves all Favour at her hands. It was not certain,
that they had then any ground for this, or that fhe herfelf, or any
by her order, gave them thefe Hopes ; but this is certain, that
, many things might have been done to extinguifh thofe Hopes,

which were not done : fo that they feemed to be left to pleafe
themfelves with thole Expedations, which kept ftill Life in their
Party ; and indeed it was but too vifible, that the much greater
part of the Clergy, were in a very ill Temper, and under very
bad Influences ; Enemies to the Toleration, and foured againft
the DifTenters.

I now mufi: relate the Negotiations, that the French fet on foot
for a Peace. Soon after the Battle of RamellisSi the Eledor of

Bavaria

Negotia-
tions for
Peace.

of ^een Anne^ §27

Bavaria gave out Hopes of a Peace ; and that the King of France 1 7 09;
would come to a Treaty of Partition j that Spain and the Wefi-Indies
fhould goto King Charles^ if the Dominions oi Italy were given to
K.Philip. They hoped that England and the Staies would agree
to this, as lefs concerned in Italy : But they knew, the Court of
Vienna would never hearken to it ; for they valued the Domi-
nions in Italy>, with the Illands near them, much more than all
the reft of the SpaniJJj Monarchy. But at the fame time, that
Lewis the XlVth was tempting us, with the Hopes of Spain and
the lVefl-Iudies\ by a Letter to the Pope, that King offered the
Dominions in Italy to King Charles. The Parliament had al-
ways declared, the ground of the War to be, the reftoring the
whole Spanijh Monarchy to the Houfe of Aujlria-, (which indeed
the States had never done) fo the Duke of Marlborough could
not hearken to this : He convinced the States of the treacherous
Defigns of the Court of Fra?jcei in this Offerj and it was not en-
tertained.

The Court of Vienna was fb alarmed at the Inclinations, fbme
had exprefted towards the entertaining this Projed, that this was
believed to be the fecret Motive of the Treaty, the fucceeding
Winter, for evacuating the Mila7ufe, and of their perfifting {o
obftinately, the Summer after, in their Defigns upon Naples ;
for by this means they became Mafters of both. The Frenchi,
being now reduced to great Extremities, by their conftant ill Suc-
cefs, and by the Miieries of their People, refolved to try the
States again ; and when the Duke of Marlborough came over to
England., Mr. Rouille was fent to Holland^ with general Offers
of Peace, defiring them to propofe what it was they infifted on :
And he offered them, as good a Barrier for themfelves as they
could ask. The States, contrary to their Expedation, refolved to
adhere firmly to their Confederates, and to enter into no lepa-
rate Treaty, but in conjundion with their Allies : fo, upon the
Duke of Marlborough\ Return, they, with their Allies, began
to prepare Preliminaries, to be firft agreed to, before a general
Treaty fiiould be opened : They had been fo well acquainted
with the perfidious Methods of the French Court, when a Treaty
was once opened, to divide the Allies, and to create Jealoufies
among them, and had felt fo fenfibly the ill Effeds of this, both
at Nimeguen and Ryfwick, that they refolved to ule all neceflary
Precautions for the future ; fo Preliminaries were prepared, and
the Duke of Marlborough came over hither, to concert them with
the Miniftry at home.

In this fecond Abfence of his, Mr. de Torcy, the Secretary of
StateforforeignAffairsjwas, fent to the Hague, the better to difpofe

the

mmaries
agreed on

528 The History of the Reign

1709. the aS*/*^/^^ to Peace, by the Influence of fo great a Mmlfter ; liO
^•^ — "^ — ' Methods were left untried, both with the States in general, and
with every Man they fpoke with in particular, to beget in them a
full AlTurance of the King's Sincere Intentions for Peace : But
they knew the Artifices of that Court too well, to be foon de-
ceived ; fo they made no Advances till the Duke of Marlborough
came back, who carried over the Lord Vifcount Townjloend^ to be
conjunct Plenipotentiary with himfelf, reckoning the Load too
great to bear it wholly on himfelf The Choice was well inade ;
for as Lord Townjhend had great Parts, had improved thefe by
Travelling, and was by much the moft iHning Perfon of all our
young Nobility, and had, on many Occafions, diftinguiflied himr-
felf very eminently ; fo he was a Man of great Integrity, and
of good Principles in all refpeds, free from all Vice, and of an
engaging Converfation.
The Preii- 1 he Foundation of the whole Treaty was, the reftdring of the
whole Spa?jiJJj Monarchy to King Charles^ within two Months ;
Torcy faid, the Time was too fhort, and that perhaps it was not
in the King of Frances power to bring that about ; for the Spa-
niards feemed refolved to flick to King Philip. It was, upon this,
inflfled on, that the King of France fhould be obliged to concur
with the Allies, to force it by all proper Methods : But this was
not farther explained, for the Allies were well afliired, that if it
was flncerely intended by France^ there would be no great diffi-
culty in bringing it about. This therefore, being laid down as
the Bafls of the Treaty, the other Preliminaries related to the re-
ftoring all the Places in the Netherlands^ except Cambray and
iSV. Ojner ; the demolifhing or refloring of Dunkirk ; the reftoring
of Strasbourg^ Brifack, and Huningen to the Empire ; Neiv-
foundland to Enghuid ; and Savoy to that Duke, befides his con-
tinuing pofl^eflTed of all, he then had in his hands ; the acknow-
ledging the King of Prujfia\ Royal Dignity ; and the Eleftorate
in the Houfe of Brunfwick ; the fending the Pretender out of
Frafjce.) and the owning the Succeflion to the Crown of England,
as it was fettled by Law. As all the great Interefts were provided
for, by thefe Preliminaries ; fo all other Matters were referved to
be confldercd, when the Treaty of Peace fhould be opened : A
Cefl^ation of all Hoftilities was to begin, within two Months,
and to continue till all was concluded by a compleat Treaty, and
ratified : provided the. Spanijh Monarchy was then intirely reflored.
The French Plenipotentiaries feemed to be confounded at thefe
Demands. "Torcy excepted to the leaving Exilles and Feneftrella
in the Duke of Savoy\ hands ; for he faid, he had no Inflrudions
relating to them : But in conclufion, they feemed to fubmit to

them.

of ^een Anne. 529

them, and Torcy at parting deiircd the Ratifications might be 1 709.
returned with all pofFible hafte, and promifed that the King of *— -%- — ^
Frances final Anfwer fliould be fent, by the fourth oijune:, but
fpoke of their Affairs as a Man in defpair : He faid, he did not
know but he might find King Philip at Paris, before he got thi-
ther, and faid all that was pofiiblc, to affure them of the Since-
rity of the King of France, and to divert them from the Thoughts
of opening the Campaign ; but at the fame time King Philip
was getting his Son, the Prince o{ Ajlurias, to be acknowledged,
by all the Towns and Bodies of Spain, as the Heir of that Mo-
narchy.

Upon this outward Appearance of agreeing to the Prelimina-TheKitigof
ries, all People looked upon the Peace to be as good as made j fuftrtVra-
and Ratifications came from all the Courts of the Allies, but the "0' them.
King of France refufed to agree to them : He pretended fome
Exceptions to the Articles, relating to the Emperor, and the
Duke of Savoy \ but infifted chiefly on that, of not beginning
the Sufpenfion of Arms, till the Spanip Monarchy fhould be all
reftored ; he faid, that was not in his power to execute ; he or-
dered his Minifter afterwards to yield up all but this laft ; and by
a third Perfbn, one Pettecum, it was offered, to put fome more
Towns into the hands of the Allies, to be kept by them, till Spain
was reflored. It appeared by this, that the French had no other
Defign in all this Negotiation, but to try if they could beget an
ill Underftanding among the Allies, or, by the feeming great
Concefilons, for the Security of the States^ provoke the People
of Holland againft their Magiftrates, if they fhould carry on the
War, when they feemed to be fafe ; and they reckoned, if a Suf-
penfion of Arms could be once obtained, upon any other Terms,
than the reftoring of Spain, then France would get out of the
War, and the Allies muft try, how^ they could conquer Spain.
France had fo perfidioufly broke all their Treaties, during this
King's Reign, that it was a Piece of inexculable Folly, to expert
any other from them. In the Peace of the Pyrenees, where
the Intereft of France was not fo deeply engaged, to preferve
Portugal from falling under the Yoke of Cajlile, as it was
now to preferve Spain in the hands of a Grandfon ; after the
King had fworn to give no Affiftance to Portugal, yet, under
the pretence of breaking fome Bodies, he fuffercd them to be en-
tertained by the Portuguese Ambaffador, and fent Schomberg to
command that Army ; pretending he could not hinder one, that
was a German by Birth, to go and ferve where he pleafed : Un-
der thefe Pretences, he had broke his Faith, where the Confide-
ration was not fo ftrong, as in the prefent Cafe. Thus it was

Vol. II. 6T vifibk

530 5^^ History of the Reign

1 709. vifible no Faith, that King could give, was to be relied on, and
^ — ^^""^ that iinlefs Spain was reftored, all would prove a fatal Delufion :
Bcfides, it came afterwards to be known, that the Places in Bra-
bant and Hainault, commanded by the Eledor of Bavaria,
would not have been evacuated by him, unlefs he had Orders for
it from the King of Spain^ under whom he governed in them ;
and that was not to be expedled : So the Eafinefs, with which
the French Minifters yielded to the Preliminaries, was now un-
dcrftood to be an Artifice, to flacken the Zeal of the Confede-
rates, in advancing the Campaign, as the leaft EfFed: it would
have : But in that, their Hopes failed them, for there was no
time loft, in preparing to take the Field.

I do not mix, with the relation that I have given upon good
Authority, the uncertain Reports we had of Diftradions in the
Court of France^ where it was faid, that the Duke of Bur-
gundy prefixed the making a Peace, as necefl^iry to prevent
Ruin of France^ while the Dauphin prefled more vehemently the
continuance of the War, and the fupporting of the King of Spain:
It was faid, that Madam Maintenon appeared lefs at Court;
Chafnillard, who had moft of her Favour, was difmifs'd: but it
it is not certain, what Influence that had on the publick Coun-
cils ; and the Condud: of this whole Negotiation fhewed plainly,
that there was nothing defigned in it, but to divide, or to deceive
the Confederates ; and, if poftlble, to gain a feparate Peace for
France ; and then to let the Allies conquer Spain as they could.
But the Allies kept firm to one another, and the Treachery of
the French appeared fo vifible, even to the People in Holland^
that all the Hopes they had, of inflaming them againft their Ma-
giftrates, likewife failed. The People in France were much
wrought on, by this pretended Indignity, offered to their Mo-
narch, to oblige him to force his Grandfon to abandon Spain-,
and even, here m England^ there wanted not many, who laid it
was a cruel Hardfhip put on the French King, to force him into
fuch an unnatural War : But if he was guilty of the Injuftice, of
putting him in pofl"eflion of that Kingdom, it was but a reafonable
piece of Juftice, to undo what he himfelf had done : And it was
fo vifible, that King Philip was maintained on that Throne, by
the Councils and Afliftance of France^ that no doubt was made,
but that, if the Kingof iv-/3';^/c^ had really defigned it, he could
eafily have obliged him to relinquifh all Prctcnfions to that
Crown.
Th?War Thus' the Negotiations came foon to an end ; without pro-
ducing any ill effeft among the Allies; and all the Minifters at
the Hague made great Acknowledgments to the Penfioner

Heinjius,

wep.i on.

of ^ecn Anne/ ^ 531

Heinfuis^ and to the States-, for the Candor and Firmnefs thcy had i ^^OQ.
exprefted on that occafion. The Miferies of France were reprc- ^^^--v— ^
fentcd, from all Parts, as extreme great ; the Profpedl both for
Corn and Wine was fo low, that they faw no Hope nor Relief.
They fent to all places for Corn, to preferve their People, many
of the Ships that brought it to them, were taken by our Men of
War ; but this did not touch the Heart of their King, who feemcd
to have hardened himfelf, againft the Senfe of the Miferies of his
People. Villars was fent to command the Armies in Flanders^
of whom the King oi France faid, that he was never beaten ; Har-
court was fent to command on the Rhine, and the Duke of Ber'-
wick in Dauphiny. This Summer paflcd over, without any con-
fiderable Adion in Spain : There was an Engagement on the
Frontier of Portugal, in which the Portuguese behaved them- in Portugai,
felves very ill, and were beaten ; but the Spaniards did not pur-
fue the Advantage they had by this Action : for they, apprehend*-
ing that our Fleet might have a Defign upon fome part of their*
Southern Coaft, were forced to draw their Troops from the Fron-^
tiers of Portugal, to defend their own Coaft j tho' we gave them
no Difturbance on that fide.

The King of France, to carry on the fliow of a Defiga (ot in spah,
Peace, withdrew his Troops out of Spain, but at the fame time
took care, to encourage the Spanijh Grandees, and to fupport his
Grand fon : And fince it was vifible, that either the Spaniards, or
the Allies, were to be deceived by him, it was much more rea-
fonable to believe that the Allies, and not the Spaniards, were
to feel the Effefts of this fraudulent way of proceeding. The
French General Befons, who commanded in Arragon, had in-
deed Orders not to venture on a Battle, for that would have been
too grofs a thing, to be in any wife palliated ; but he continued
all this Summer commanding their Armies. Nothing of any Im-
portance pafTed on the fide of Dauphiny: The Emperor conti- j,jdW%,
nued flill to refufe complying with the Duke o^ Savoy % Demands j
fo he would not make the Campaign in Perfon, and his Troops
kept on the defenfive. On the other hand, the French, as they
faw they were to be feebly attacked, were too weak to do any
thing more, than cover their own Country. Little was exped:ed
on the Rhifte ; the Germans were fo weak, fo ill furniflied, and u Cermmj,
fo ill paid, that it was not eafy for the Court o{ Fienna, to pre-'
vail on the Elcdor of 5r«<f;^7V/{' to undertake the Command of
that Army ; yet he came at laft : And upon his coming, the
French, who had parted the Rhine, thought it was fafeft for them
to repafs that River, and to keep within their Lines. The EIed:or
fent Count Mercy, with a confiderable Body, to pafs the Rhine

2 neat

tia The History of the Reign

170Q. near Ba/ily and on defign to break into Franche Cojnte\ butade-
k-'% — -> tached Body of the French^ lying in their way, there followed
a very fharp Engagement ; 2000 Men were reckoned to be killed
on each fide ; but tho' the lofs of Men was reckoned equal, yet
the Defign mifcarried, and the Germans were forced to repafs
the Rhine. The reft of the Campaign went over there, without
any Adion.
AndinF/^»- The chief Scene ^2i% m Flanders \ where the Duke of Tk/izr/-
^^' horoiigh trufting little to the Shews of Peace, had every thing

in readinefs to open the Campaign, as foon as he faw what
might be cxpeded from the Court of France. The Army was
formed near Lijle-^ and the French lay near Doway ; the Train of
Artillery was, by a Feint, brought up the Lys to Courtray j fo
it was believed the Defign was upon Ypres^ and there being no
Apprehenfion of any Attempt on Tournay^ no particular care was
taken of it ; but it was on the fudden invefted, and the Train
was fent back to Ghendt^ and brought up the Scheld to Tournay,
Tournay is Thc Sicgc was Carried on regularly : No Difturbance was given
befiegedand jq the Works by SalHcs, fo the Town capitulated within a Month,
the Garrifon being allowed to retire into the Citadel, which was
counted one of the ftrongeft in Europe, not only fortified with
the utmoft Exadlnefs, but all the Ground was wrought into
Mines ; fo that the Refiftance of the Garrifon was not fb much
apprehended, as the Mifchief they might do by blowing up their
Mines. A Capitulation was propofed, for delivering it up on
the fifth of September, if it fhould not be relieved fooner, and
that all Hoftilities fhould ceafe till then. This was offered by the
Garrifon, and agreed to by the Duke of Marlborough ; but the
King oi France would not confent to it, unlefs there were a ge-
neral Sufpenfion, by the whole Army, of all Hoftilities ; and that
being rejeded, the Siege went on. Many Men were loft in it,
but the Proceeding by Sap prevented much Mifchief; in the end
no Relief came, and the Garrifon capitulated in the beginning
of September, but could obtain no better Conditions, than to be
made Prifoners of War.

After this Siege was over, Mons was invefted, and the Troops
marched thither, as foon as they had levelled their Trenches about
Tournay : But the Court of France refolved to venture a Battle,
rather than to look on, and fee fo important a Place taken from
them. jBoz(^(?rj- was fent from Court to join with /^/7/^rj-, in the
Execution of this Defign: They poflefled themfelves of a Wood,
and intrenched themfelves fb flrongly, that in fome places there
were three Intrenchments caft up, one within another. The
Duke oi Marlborough and Prince Euge?ie faw plainly, it was not
po/Tible to carry on die Siege ofMons, while the French Army lay

fo

of ^een Anne. 533

fo near it; fo itwas ncceflary to diflodge them. The Attempt was 1709.

bold, and they faw the Execution would be difficult, and coft JT^T^ ^

them many Men. This was the fbarpeft Adlion in the whole ofB/-»//<«»«

War, and lafted the longed. The French were ported fo advan-

tageoufly, that our Men were oft repulfcd ; and indeed the French

maintained their Ground better, and fhcwed more Courage, than

appeared in the whole Courfe of the War : Yet in conchifion thcv

were driven from all their Pofls, and the Ad ion ended in a com-

pleat Viftory. The number of Slain was almoft equal on botli

iides, about 12000 of a fide. We took 500 Officers Pri loners,

befides many Carnon, Standards, and Enfigns. Fillars wasdif-

abled by fome Wounds he received, fo Boujffiers made the Retreat

in good order. The Military Men have always talked of this, as

the fharpeft Adion in the whole War, not without reflecting on

the Generals, ' for beginning fo defperate an Attack. The French

thought it a fort of a Vidory, that they had animated their Men,

to fight fo well behind Entrenchments, and to repulfe our Men fo

often, and with fo great Lofs. They retired to Valenciennes^ and

fecured themfelves by cafting up ftrong Lines, while they left our

Army to carry on the Siege of Mons^ without giving them the leaft

Diflurbance. As foon as the Train of Artillery was brought from Mom bc-

Brujfels^ the Siege was carried on with great Vigour, tho' the )'£^ ""'^

Seafon was both cold and rainy: The Outworks were carried with

little Refiftance, and Mons capitulated about the end of OEtober ;

with that the Campaign ended, both Armies retiring into Winter

Quarters.

The moft important thing, that relates to Italy^ was, that the Affairs in
Pope delayed acknowledging King Charles^ by feveral pretended ^'''^'
Difficulties ; his Defign being to ftay and fee the Iffiae of the Cam-
paign ; but when he was threatened, towards the end of it, that if
itwas not done, the Imperial Army fliould come and take up their
Winter Quarters in the Ecclefiaftical State, he fubmitted, and ac-
knowledged him. He fent alfb his Nephew Albano^ firft to
Vienna^ and then to Poland ; he furnifhed him with a magnifi-
cent Retinue, and feemed to hope, that by the Services he ffiould
do to the Papal Interefts there, he fhould be prefTed to make him
a Cardinal, notwithftanding the Bull againfl: Nepotifin.

In Catalonia^ Staremberg^ after he received Reinforcements Affairs in
from Italy^ advanced towards the Segra, and having for fome ^^'"''•
days amufed the Enemy, he pafled the River; The Spaniards
defigned to give him Battle, but Befons, who commanded the
French Troops, refufed to engage ; this provoked the Spaniards
fo much, that King Philip thought it was neceflary to leave Ma-
drid-, and go to the Army ; Befons produced his Orders from the
Vol. II. 6 U King

534 7^^ History of the Reign

1709. King o^ France, to avoid all Engagements, with which he feemed
*-""> — -> much mortified. Staremberg advanced and took Balaguer, and
made the Garrifon Prifoners of War ; and with that the Cam-
paign on that fide was at an end.
The King of ^^^^^ Summer brought a Cataftrophe on the Affairs of the King
^-eaens of Sweden : He refolved to invade Mufcovy, and engaged him-
felf fo far into the Ukraine that there was no pofiibility of his \
retreating, or of having Reinforcements brought him. He en-
gaged a great Body of Cojfacks to join him, who were eafily
drawn to revolt from the Czar : He met with great Misfortunes,
. in the end of the former Year, but nothing could divert him
from his Defigns againft Mufcovy : He pafled the Nieper, and
befieged Pultowa : The Czar marched to raife the Siege, with
an Army in number much fuperiour to the Swedes', but the King
of Sweden refolved to venture on a Battle, in which he received
fuch a total Defeat, that he loft his Camp, his Artillery, and
Baggage : A great Part of his Army got off, but being clofely
purfued by the Mufcovites, and having neither Bread nor Am-
munition, they were all made Prifoners of War.
The King The King himfelf, with a fmall number about him, pafied
TurkTj° the Nieper, and got in.o the Turlcip Dominions, and fettled at
Bender, a Town in Moldavia. \Jpon this great Reverie of his
Affairs, King Augufius pretended, that the Refignation of the
Crown of Poland was extorted from him by Force, and that it
was not in his power to refign the Crown, by which he was tied
to the Republick o^ Poland, without their Confent: fo he marched
into Poland, and Stanijlaus was not able to make any Refiftancc,
but continued under the Protection of the Swedes, waiting for
another Reverie of Fortune. A Projed was formed to engage
the Kings of Denmark and Prujffia, with King Augujlus and the
Czar, to attack the Swedes in fo many different Places, that the
extravagant Humour of their King was like now to draw a heavy
Storm upon them ; \^ England 2iVidL the States, with the Court
of Vienna, had not crufhed all this, and entred into a Guaranty,
for prelerving the Peace of the Empire, and by confequence, of
the Swedijh Dominions in Germany. Dantzick was at this time
feverely vifited with a Plague, which fwept away almoft one half
of their Inhabitants, tho' few of the better fort died of the In-
fedion. This put their Neighbours under great Apprehenfions,
they feared the fpreading of the Contagion; but itpleafedGod, it
went no farther. Thisfudden, and, asitieemed, totalReverfeof all
the Defigns of the King of Sweden^ who had been for many
Years the Terror of all his Neighbours, made me write to Dr. Ro-
binfon, who had lived above thirty Years in that Court, and is

now

of ^een Anne. 535

now Bifliop o^ Brijioly for a particular Charader of that King. lyog.
I fhall fet it down in his own Words. c-^v".^

He is now in the 28th Year of his Age, tall and flendcr, (loops FfisCha*
a little, and in his walking difcovers, tho' in no great degree, "^"
the effedl of breaking his Thigh-bone about eight Years ago : He
is of a very vigorous and healthy Conftitution, takes a pleafure in
enduring the greateft Fatigues, and is little curious about his Re-
pofe : His chief and almoft only Exercife has been riding, in
which he has been extremely exceffive : He ufually eats, with a
good Appetite, efpecially in the Morning, which is the bcft of
his three Meals : He never drinks any thing but fmall Beer, and
is not much concerned whether it be good or bad : He {peaks
little, is very thoughtful, and is obferved to mind nothing io
much as his own Aftkirs, laying his Defigns, and contriving the
ways of adling, without communicating them to any, till they
are to be put in execution : He holds few or no Councils of War;
and tho' in Civil Affairs his Minifters have leave to explain their
Thoughts, and are heard very patiently ; yet he relies more on his
own Judgment, than on theirs, and frequently falls on fuch Me-
thods, as are flirtheft from their Thoughts : So that, both his Mi-
nifters and Generals have hitherto had the Glory of Obedience,
"without cither the Praife or Blame of liaving advifed prudently or
otherwife. The reafon of his Refervednefs in confulting others
may be thus accounted for; he came, at the Age of Fifteen, to fuc-
ceed, in an Abfblute Monarchy, and by the forward Zeal of the
States of the Kingdom, was in a few Months declared to be of
Age : There were thofe about him, that magnified his Under-
ftanding, as much as his Authority, and infinuated that he
neither needed Advice, nor could fubmit his Affairs to the Deli-
beration of others, without fome Diminution of his own fupreme
Power. Thefe Impreffions had not all their effed:, till after the
War was begun, in the courfe of which, he furmounted fomany
Impoiiibilities (as thofe about him thought them) that he came
to have lefs value for their Judgments, and more for his own, and
at laft to think nothing impoffible. So it may be truly faid, that
under God, as well all his glorious Succefles, as the late fatal Re-
verfe of them, liave been owing folely to his own Conduct. As
to his Piety, it cannot be faid but that the outward Appearances
have higiily recommended it, only it is not very eafy to account
for the excels of his Revenge againft King Augujius-, and fome
other Inftances ; but he is not fufpecfled of any bodily Indul-
gencies. It is moft certain, he has all along wilhed well to the
Allies, and not at all to France^ which he never intended to ferve
by any Steps he has made. We hear the Turks ufe him well, but

Time

53^ 7^^ History of the Reign

1709. Time muft lliew what ufe they will make of him, and how he
^^•"'^r''^ ^ill get back into his own Kingdom. If this Misfortune does not
quite ruin him, it may temper his Fire, and then he may become
one of the greateft Princes of the Age. Thus I leave him and his
Chara<fler.
Aflfairs in The King of Denmark fpent a great part of this Summer in a
very expenfive courfe of travelling, thro' the Courts of Ge7'many
and Italy ^ and it was believed he intended to go to Rome, where
great Preparations were making, for giving him a fplendid Recep-
tion ; for it was given out, that he intended to change his Reli-
gion : But whether thefe Reports were altogether groundlefs, or
whether their being fo commonly believed, was like to produce
fome Diforders in his own Kingdom, is not certainly known; only
thus much is certain, that he ftopt at Florence, and went no fur-
ther, but returned home ; and upon the King of Sweden^ Misfor-
tunes, entered into Meafures to attack Sweden, with King Au-
gujlus ; who had called a Diet in Poland, in which he was ac-
knowledged their King, and all things were fettled there, accord-
ing to his Wifhes. The King of Denmark, upon his return home,
fent an Army over the Sound into Schonen; but his Gounfels were
fo weak, and fo ill conducted, that he did not fend a Train of Ar-
tillery, with other Neceflaries, after them : Some Places, that
were not tenable, were yielded up by the Swedes, and by the Pro-
grefs, that he made at firft, he feemed to be in a fair way of reco-
vering that Province ; but the Swedes brought an Army together,
tho' far inferiour to the Danes in number, and falling on them
gave them fuch an entire Defeat, that the King of Denmark was
forced to bring back, as well as he could, the broken Remnants
of his Army, by which an end was put to that inglorious Ex-
pedition.

The Swedijh Army, that was in Poland, having got into Po-
merania, the French fludied to engage them to fall into Saxony,
to embroil the Affairs of Germany, and by that means engage the
neighbouring Princes, to recall the Troops that were in the Queen's
Service, and that of the other Allies in Flanders ; but the Queen
and the States interpofed effedlually in this Matter, and the
Swedes were fo fenfible, how much they might need their Pro-
tection, that they acquiefced in the Proportions, that were made
to them ; fothe Peace of the Northern Parts of the Empire was
fecured. A Peace was likewife made up, between the Grand
Seignior and the Czar : The King of Sweden continued ftill at
Bender ; the War in Hungary went ftill on. The Court of
Vienna publifhcd ample Relations of the great Succeffes they had
there ; but an Hungarian affurcd me, thcfe were given out, to

make

> V

of ^een Anne. 537

make the Malecontents feem an inconfiderable and ruined Party. 1709.
There were fecret Negotiations ftill going on, but without cfFedt. *— -v-— '

Nothing of Importance pafs'd on the Sea: The French put cut ^".^f ^f
no Fleet, and our Convoys were fo well ordered, and fo happy, dudted.
that our Merchants made no Complaints : Towards the end oitlic
Year, the Earl of Pembroke found the Care of the Fleet a Load
too heavy for him to bear, and that he could not difcharge it, as
it ought to be done ; fo he defired leave to lay it down. It was
offered to the Earl oiOrford\ but tho' he was willing to fervc at
the Head of a CommifTion, he refiifed to accept of it fingly ; fo it
was put in Commiilion, in which he was the firft.

I now come to give an account of the SefTion of Parliament, that A SenTion rtf
came on this Winter. All the Supplies, that were asked, for "
carrying on the War, were granted, and put on good Funds ;
in this there was a general unanimous Concurrence: But the great
Bufinefs of this Seflion, that took up moft of their time, and that
had great Effed:s in conclufion, related to Dr. Sacheverel : This
being one of the moft extraordinary Tranfadions in my Time, I
will relate it very copioufly. Dr. Sacheverel was a bold infolent
Man, with a very fmall meafure of Religion, Virtue, Learning, or
Good Senfe, but he refolved to force himfelf into Popularity and
Preferment, by the moft petulant Railings at Diflenters, and Low-
Churchmen, in feveral Sermons and Libels, wrote without either
Chaftnefs of Stile, or Livelineis of Expreffion : All was one un-
pradifed Strain of indecent and fcurrilous Language. When he
had purfued this Method for feveral Years without effed:, he was
at laft brought up by a popular Eledlion to a Church in Southwark,
where he began to make great Refled:ions on the Miniftry, re-
prefenting that the Church was in danger, being negleded by
thofe who governed, while they favoured her moft inveterate Ene-
mies. At the Aflizes in Derby (where he preached before the sachverefi
Judges) and on the fifth of Novefnber (preaching at St. Paul\ in ^=™°'^-
London) he gave a full vent to his Fury, in the moft virulent De-
clamation, that he could contrive, upon thefe Words of St. PauPsy
Perils from Falfe Brethren-, in which, after fomefhort Reflcdiions
upon Popery, he let himfelf loofe into fuch Indecencies, that both
the Man and the Sermon were univerfally condemned : He af-
ferted the Dodrine of Non-Refiftance in the higheft ftrain poflible,
and faid, that to charge the Revolution with Reftftance, was to
caft black and odious Imputations on it; pretending, that the late
King had difowned it, and cited for the Proof of that, fome Words
in his Declaration, by which he vindicated himfelf from a Defign
of Conqueft. He poured out mucli Scorn and Scurrility on the
Diffenters, and refleded feverely on the Toleration ; and faid the

Vol. IL 6 X Church

53 S ^^ History of the Reign

1709. Church was violently attack'd by her Enemies, and loofely de-
'— -v — ' fended by her pretended Friends : He animated the People, to

ftand up for the Defence of the Churcli, for which he faid he
founded the Trumpet, and deiired them to put on the whole
Armour of God. The Court of Aldermen refufed to dcfire him
to print his Sermon ; but he did print it, pretending it was upon
the Defire oi Garrard, then Lord Mayor, to whom he dedicated
it, with an inflaming Epiftle at the head of it. The Party, that
oppofed the Miniftry, did fo magnify the Sermon, that, as was
generally reckoned, about 40000 of them were printed'^ and
difperfed over the Nation. The Queen feemed highly offended
at it, and the Miniftry looked on it as an Attack made on them,
that was not to be defpifed. The Lord Treafurer was fo de-
fcribed, that it was next to the naming him, fo a Parliamentary
Impeachment was refolved on; ^yr^, then Sollicitor General, and
others thought the fl;ort way of burning the Sermon, and keep-
ing him in Prifon during the Seffion, was the better method; but
the more folemn way was unhappily chofen.
Many Books There had been, ever fince the Qiieen came to the Crown, an
gainft die opcn Revival of the Dodrine of Pafllve-Obedience and Non-
Qpeen's Refiftauce, by one Lejley, who was the fir ft Man that began the
War in Ireland ; faying, in a Speech folemnly made, that King
James, by declaring himfelf a Papift, could no longer be our
King, fince he could not be the Defender of our Faith, nor the
Head of our Church, Dignities fo inherent in the Crown, that he,
who was incapable of thefe, could not hold it : A Copy of which
Speech, the prefent Archbifhop o{ Dublin told me he had, under
his own hand. As he animated the People with this Speech, fb
fome Adions followed under his Condudl, in which, feveral Men
were killed ; yet this Man changed fides quickly, aad became the
violenteft Jacobite in the Nation, and was engaged in many Plots,
and in writing many Books againft the Revolution, and the pre-
fent Government. Soon after the Queen was on the Throne, he,
or his Son as fome faid, publifiied a Series of weekly Papers un-
der the Title of the Rehearjal, purfuing a Thread of Arguments
in them all, againft the Lawfulnefs of Refiftanee, in any Cafe
whatfoever; deriving Government wholly from God, denying
all Right in the People, either to confer,, or to coerce it: The Mi-
nifters connived at this, with what intention God knows.

1 710. Whilft thefe feditious Papers had a free courfe for many Years,
^-"^^"^ and were much fpread and magnified ; one Hoadly, a pious and
Writings in judicious Diviuc, being called to preach before the Lord Mayor,
thcrSr chofe for his Text the firft Verfes of the 1 3th Chapter to the

Ro7?iafiSy

cf ^een Anne. 539

tlomans^ and fairly explained the Words there, that they were lyroi
to be underftood only againft rciifting good Governours, upon <--^-— ^
the JewiJIj Principles ; but, that thofe Words had no relation to
bad and cruel Governours : and he aflerted, that it was not only
lawful, but a Duty incumbent on all Men, to refift fuch ; con-
cluding all, with a Vindication of the Revolution, and the pre-
fent Government. Upon this, a great Outcry was raifcd, as
if he had preached up Rebellion ; leveral Bdoks were wrote
againft him, and he juftified himfelf, with a vifible Superiority
of Argument, to them all, and did fb fblidly overthrow the Con-
ceit of one Filmer, noW efpoufed by Lejley (that Government
was derived by Primogeniture from the firft Patriarchs] that for
fbme time, he iilenced his Adverfaries: but it was an eafiei*
thing to keep up a Clamour, than to write a folid Anfwer.
Sacheverel did, with great Virulence, refled on him, ^nd on
me, and feveral other Biftiops, carrying his Venom as far back
as to Archbifhop C^mdal^ whom, for his Moderation, he called
a perfidious Prelate, and a falfe Son of the Church. When
it was moved to impeach him, the Lord Mayor of London, being
a Member of the Houle of Commons, was examined to this Pointj
whether the Sermon was printed at his defire or order ; upon
his owning it, he would have been expelled the Houfe ; but he
denied he had given any fuch order, tho' Sacheverel affirmed it,
and brought Witneffes to prove it ; Yet the Houfe would not en-
ter upon that E:Samination ; but it was thought more decent to
feem to give credit to their own Member, tho' indeed few be-'
fieved him.

^ Some oppofitlon was made to the Motion, for impeaching Sa- sacheverei
cheverel, but it was carried by a great Majority: The Proceedings JScSby
were flow ; fo thofe, who intended to inflame the City, and the 55^^°^^°^
Nation upon that occafion, had time fufficient given them, for
laying their Defigns : They gave it out boldly, and in all Places^
that a Defign was formed by the Whigs, to pull down the Church,
and that this Profecution was only fet on foot to try their Strength;
and that, upon their Succefs in it, they would proceed more
openly. Tho' this was all Falfehood and Forgery, yet it was
propagated with fo much Application and Zeal, and the Tools
im ployed in it, were fo well fupplied with Money (from whom,
was not then known) that it is fcarce credible how generally it
was believed.

Some things concurred to put the Vulgar in ill humour; it was
atime of Dearth andScarcity, fo that the Poor were much pinched:
The Summer before, ten or twelve Thoufand poor People of the
falatinote, who were reduced to great Mifery, came into

Bjtgland\

5 40 57?^ History of the Reign

1 7 1 o. EfiglaJ7d\ they were well received and fupplied, both by the Queen,
<— -V — ' and by the voluntary Charities of good People: This filled our
own Poor with great Indignation ; who thought thofe Charities,
to which they had a better Right, were thus intercepted by Stran-
gers ; and all who were ill afFeded, ftudied to heighten thefe
their Refentments. The Clergy did generally efpoule Sacheve-
rely as their Champion, who had flood in the Breach ; and fo they
reckoned his Caufe was their own. Many Sermons were preach-
ed, both in L,ondo?t and in other Places, to provoke the People,
in which they fucceeded beyond expedation. Some Accidents
concurred to delay the Proceedings 3 much time was fpent in
preparing the Articles of Impeachment : And the Anfwer was,
-by many fhifts, long delayed: It was bold, without either Sub-
miflion or common Refpe6l ; he juftified every thing in his Ser-
mon, in a very haughty and affuming Stile. In conclufion, the
Lords ordered the Trial to be at the Bar of their Houfe ; but thofe
who found, that by gaining more time, the People were ftili
more inflamed, moved that the Trial might be publick in Wefl-
minfter Hall\ where the whole Houfe of Commons might be
prefent : This took fo with unthinking People, that it could
not be withftood, tho' the Effefls it would have, were well fore-
feen : The preparing JVeJiminJter Hall was a Work of fome
Weeks.
An i tried in At laft, on the 27th o{ February y the Trial begun. Sache-
J^eftm»pr ^^^^i ^^g lodged in the Temple^ and came every day with great
Solemnity, in a Coach to the Hall; great Crouds ran about his
Coach with many Shouts exprefling their Concern for him, in
a very rude and tumultuous manner. The Trial lafted thre«
Weeks, in which all other Bufinefs was at a ftand ; for this took
up all Mens Thoughts : The Managers for the Commons opened
the Matter very folemnly : Their Performances were much and
juftly commended : yekyll^ Eyre^ Stanhope., Kingy but above all
Parker, diftinguifhed themfelves in a very particular manner:
They did copioufly juftify both the Revolution, and the Prefent
Adminiflration. There was no need of Witnefles ; for the Ser-
mon being owned by him, all the Evidence was brought from it,
by laying his Words together, and by jQiewing his Intent and
Meaning in them, which appeared from comparing one place with
another. When his Council, Sir Simon Har court y Doddy Phipps,
and two others, came to plead for him, they very freely acknow-
ledged the Lawfulnefs of Refiftance in extreme Cafes, and plainly
juftiiied the Revolution, and our Deliverance by King William:
But they faid, it was not fit, in a Sermon, to name fuch an Ex-
ception ; that the Duties of Morality ought to be delivered in

their

<

of ^ecn Ann£ 541

their full extent) without fuppofing an extraordinary Cafe : And 1710.
therefore Sacheverel had followed Precedents^ fet by our grcateft
Divines, ever fince the Reformation, and ever fince the Revolu-
tion. Upon thisj they opened a great Field ; they began with
the Declarations made in King Henry the Vlllth's Time ; they
infifted next, upon the Homilies, and from thence inftanced
in a large Series of Bifhops and Divines, who had preached
the Duty of Submiflion and Non-Refiftancc, in very full Terms,
without fuppofing any Exception ; fome excluding all Exceptions,
in as politive a manner, as he had done : They explained the
Word Revoliit'mi^ as belonging to the new Settlement upon King
James\ withdrawing ; tho', in the common Acceptation, it was
underftood of the whole Tranladlion, from the landing of the
Dutch Army, till the Settlement made by the Convention. So
they underftanding the Revolution in that Senfe, there was indeed
no Rejtftance there : If the Pafiage, quoted from the Declaration,
given out by the late King, while he was Prince of Ora?ige^ did
not come up to that, for which he quoted it ; he ought not to be
cenfured becaufc his Qubtation did not fully prove his Point. As
for his Invcdive againft the DilTenters and the Toleration, they
laboured to turn that off, by faying, he did not refledl on wh^it
was allowed by Law, but on the permiflion of, or the not punifl:-
ing many, who publifhed impious and blafphemous Books : And
a CoUedlion was made, of Paffages in Books, full of crude Im-
piety and of bold Opinions. This gave great offence to many,
who thought that this was a folemn publilhing of fo much Im-
piety to the Nation, by which more mifchief would be done,
than by the Books themfelves ; for moft of them had been neg^
leded, and known only to a fmall number, of thofe who encouraged
them : And the Authors, of many of thefi Books, had been pro-
fecuted and punifhed for them. As to thofe Parts of the Sermon,
that fet out the Danger the Church was in, tho' both Houfes had
fome Years ago voted it a great Offence, to fay it was in danger,
they faid it might have been in none four Years ago, when thefe
Votes pafs'd, and yet be now in danger: The grcateft of all Dan-
gers was to be apprehended, from the Wrath of God for fuch Im-
pieties. They faid, the Reflexions on the Adminiftration were
not meant ot thofe, imployed immediately by the Queen, but of
Men in inferior Pofts : If his Words feemed capable of a bad
Senfe, they were alfo capable of a more innocent one ; and every
Man was allowed to put any Conftmdlion on his Words, that they
could bear. When the Counfel had ended their Defence, Sache-
verel concluded it with a Speech, which he read with much bold
Heat; in which, with many folemn Afleverations, he juftified
Vol. II. 6 y his

54^ ^^^ History of the Reign

1710. his Intentions towards the Queen and her Government; he fpoke
' — « — ' with refped-, both of the Revolution and the Proteftant Succef-
fion J he infifted moft on condemning all Refiftance, under any
Pretence whatfoever, without mentioning the exception of ex-
treme Neceflity, as his Counfel had done : he faid, it was the
Dodrine of the Church, in which he was bred up ; and added
many pathetical Expreflions, to move the Audience to Compaf-
jQon. This had a great efFed; on the weaker fort, while it pof-
fefled thofe, who knew the Man and his ordinary Difcourles,
with Horror, when they heard him affirm fo many FaHehoods,
with fuch folemn Appeals to God. It was very plain the Speech
was made for him by others ; for the Stile was corred, and far
different from his own.
AgreatDif- During the Trial, the Multitudes that followed him, all the
tiiTuime. way as he came, and as he went back, fhewed a great concern
for him, preffing about him, and ftriving to kifs his Hand : Mo-
ney was thrown among them; and they were animated to fuch a
pitch of Fury, that they went to pull down fome Meeting-houles,
which was executed on five of them, as far as burning all the
Pews in them. This was directed by fome of better Fafhion, who
followed the Mob in Hackney Coaches, and were feen fending
Meffages to them : The Word, upon which all fhouted, was
77je Church and Sacheverel: And fuch, as joined not in the Shout,
were infulted and knocked down : Before my own Door, One,
with a Spade, cleft the Skull of another, who would not fhout
as they did. There happened to be a Meeting-houle near me,
out of which they drew every thing, that was in it, and burned
it before the Door of the Houlc. They threatened to do the
like Execution on my Houle ; but the Noiie of the Riot
coming to Court, Orders were fent to the Guards to go about,
and difperle the Multitudes, and fecure the publick Peace. As
the Guards advanced, the People ran away;. Ibme ^^vf were only
taken ; thefe were afterwards prolecuted ; but the Party fhewed
a violent concern for them ; two of them were condemned as
guilty of High Treafon ; fmall Fines were let on the reft ; but no
Execution followed ; and after fome Months, they were par-
doned : and indeed this Remiffnefs, in punifhing fo great a Dif-
order, was looked on as the preparing and encouraging Men
to new Tumults. There was a fecret Management in this Mat-
ter, that amazed all People : for tho' the Queen, upon an Ad-
drefs made to her by the Houfe of Commons, fet out a Procla-
mation, in which this Riot was, with {evere Words, laid upon
Papifts and Nonjurors, who were certainly the chief Promoters
of it ; yet the Proceedings afterwards did not anfwer the Threat-
nings of the Proclamation. - When

of ^een An uji. 543

When Sacheverel had ended his Defence, the Managers for 171 o.
the Houfe of Commons replied, and fhewed very evidently, that ^'-->— '-^

-,. '■ ,, rill 1 Contmua-

thc Words of his Sermon could not realonably bear any other tion of the
Senfe, but that for which they had charged him ; this was an ^' '
eafy Performance, and they managed it with great life : but the
humour of the Town was turned againft them, and all the Clergy
appeared for Sacheverel. Many of the Queen's Chaplains ftood
about him, encouraging and magnifying him ; and it was given
out, that the Queen herfelf favoured him: Tho', upon my firft
coming to Town, which was after the Impeachment was brought
up to the Lords, fhe faid to me, that it was a bad Sermon, and
that he defcrved well to be punifhcd for it. All her Minifters, who
were in the Houfe of Commons, were named to be Managers, and
they fpoke very zealoufly for publick Liberty, juftifying the Revolu-
tion. Holt^ the Lord Chief Juftice of the ^7>7^V5^^C/6, died during Sir>/&«
the Trial : He was very learned in the Law, and had upon great "d cha-"
Occafions fhewed an intrepid Zeal in aflcrting its Authority ; for "'^^
he ventured on the Indignation of both Floufcs of Parliament by
turns, when he thought the Law was with him : He was a Man
of good Judgment and great Integrity, and fet himfelf with great
Application to the Fundlions of that important Poft. Imme-
diately upon his Death, Parker was made Lord Chief Juftice : Parkermiiz
This great Promotion feemed an evident Demonftration of the juftfc?'^
Queen's approving the Profecution ; for none of the Managers
had treated Sacheverel fb feverely as he had done ; yet fecret
Whifpers were very confidently fet about, that tho' the Queen's
Affairs put her on afting the Part of one, that was pleafed with
this Scene, yet fhe difliked it all, and would take the firfl: occa-
fion to fhew it.

After the Trial was ended, the Debate was taken up in the Dcbncs in
Houfe of Lords : It fluck long on the firft Article ; none pre- Sd°a£f
tended to juftify the Sermon, or to aflert abfolute Non-Rcfiftance : 'he Trial.
All who favoured him, went upon this, that the Duty of Obe-
dience ought to be delivered in full and general Words, without
putting odd Exceptions, or fuppofing odious Cafes ; This had
been the Method of all our Divines. Pains were alfo taken to
fhew, that his Sermon did not refled: on the Revolution: On the
other hand, it was faid, thatfince the Revolution had happened fo
lately, and was raadeflill theSubjed: of much Controverfy, thofe
abfolute Expreflions did plainly condemn it. The Revolution
was the whole Progrefs of the Turn, from the Prince of Orangey
landing, till the Adt of Settlement pafs'd. The Aft of Parlia-
ment exprefled, what was meant, by the Abdication and the Va-
cancy of the Throne ; that it did not only relate to King James's

withdrawing

5 44 ^^ History of the Reign

1 7 1 o. withdrawing himfelf, but to his ceafing to govern according td
our Conllitution and Laws, fetting up his meer Will and Plea-
fure, as the Meafure of his Government : This was made plainer,
by another Clauie in the Ads then pafs'd, which provided, that
if any of our Princes {hould become Papifts, or marry Papifts, the
Subjeds were, in thofe Cafes, declared to be free from their
Allegiance. Some of the Bijliops fpoke in this Debate on
each fide; Hooper^ Bifhop of Bath and IVellsy fpoke in ex-
cufe of Sacheverel : But 'Talboty Bifhop of Oxford; JVake,
Bilhop of Lincoln ; and T?'imnel, Bifhop of Norwich ^ and
myfelf, fpoke on the other fide. We fhewed the Falfehood of
an Opinion too commonly received, that the Church of England
had always condemned Refiftance, even in the Cafes of extreme
Tyranny : The Books of the Maccabees, bound in our Bibles,
and approved by our Articles, (as containing Examples of
Life and Inftrudion of Manners, tho' not as any Part of the Ca-
non of the Scripture) contained a full and clear Precedent for
refifting and fhaking off extreme Tyranny : The Jews., under
that brave Family, not only defended themfelves againft Antio-
chusy but formed themfelves into a free and new Government.
Our Homilies were only againft wilful Rebellion, fuch as had
been then againft our Kings, while they were governing by Law:
But at that very time, Queen Elizabeth had affifted, firft the
Scotch, and then the French, and to the end of her Days conti-
tinued to protcdl the States, who not only reiifted, but, as the
Maccabees had done, fhook off the Spanifi Yoke, and fet up a
new Form of Government: In all this fbe was not only juftified
by the beft Writers of that tim^e, fuch as Jewel and JBilfon, but
was approved and fupported in it : Both her Parliaments and
Convocations gave her Subfidies, to carry on thofe Wars. The
fame Principles were kept up all King 'James\ Reign : In the
beginning of King Charles's Reign, he prote£led the Rochellersy
and asked Supplies from the Parliament, to enable him to do it
effedually ; and ordered a Faft and Prayers to be made for
them. It is true, foon after that, new Notions of abfolute Power,
derived from God to Kings, were taken up ; at the firft Rife gi-
ven to thefe by Manwari?jg, they were condemned by a Sen-
tence of the Lords; and tho' he fubmitted, and retraced his. Opi-
nion, yet a fevere Cenfure pafled upon him : But during the
long Difcontinuance of Parliaments that followed, this Dodrine
was more favoured; it was generally preached up, and many
things were done purfuant to it, which put the Nation into the
great Convulfions, that followed in our Civil Wars. After theie
were over, it was natural to return to the other Extreme, as

Courts

of ^een A n n e* 5 45

Courts naturally favour fuch Dodrincs. ]<i.Jamestru(\.t<}L too much 1 7 1 o.
to it; yet the very Aflcrtors of that Doftnne were the firft, who *— ^v-*^
pleaded for Refiftance, when they thought they needed it. Here
was Matter for a long Debate : It was carried by a Majority of
Seventeen, that the iirft Article was proved. 'Fhe Party, that
was (ov Sachevereli made no Oppofition to the Votes upon the fol-
lowing Articles; but contented themfelves, with protcfting againfl'
them: The Lords went down to the Hall, where the Qucftion be-
ing put upon the whole Impeachment, Guilty or A^ot Guilty ^ Fifty-
two voted him Not Guilty^ and Sixty-nine voted him Guilty.

The next Debate was, what Ccnfure ought to pafsupon himi „ ._.
And here a ftrange Turn appeared ; fome fcemed to apprehend fured
the Effedls of a Popular Fury, if the Cenfure was fevere ; to^"^^'"^^'
others it was faid, that the Queen dclired it might be mild ; fo
it was propofed to fulpend him from preaching for one Year ;
others were for fix Years; but by a Vote it was fixed to three Years.
It was next moved, thathefhould beincapableofall Preferment for
thofe three Years ; upon that, the Houie was divided, Fifty-nine
were for theVote, and Sixty were againft it : fb that being laid afide,
the Sermon was ordered to be burnt, in the prefence of the Lord
Mayor, and the Sheriffs of London, and this was done ; only
the Lord Mayor, being a Member of the Houfe of Commons,
did not think he was bound to be prefent The Lords alfo voted,
that the Decrees of the Univerfity o^ Oxford , pafled in 1683, in
which the abfolute Authority of Princes, and the Unalterablenefs
of the Hereditary Right of fucceeding to the Crown, were af-
ferted in a very high Strain, fhould be burnt with Sacheverefs
Sermon : The Houfe of Commons Hkewife ordered the impious
Collection cfblafphemous Expreflions, ihdiX.Sacheverel had printed
as his Jufl'lfication, to be alfo burnt.

Whea this mild Judgment was given, thofe, who had fup-
ported him during the Trial, exprelled an inconceivable Glad-
nefs, af, if they had got a Vi<3:ory ; Bonefires, Illuminations, and
other Marks of Joy appeared, not only in London, but over the
whol'e Kingdom.

This had yet o-reater Effedls; Addrefles were fet on foot, from Addreto

Jo ' ^ ' agamlt the

all the Parts of the Nation, in which the Abfolute Power of our Pariiimem.
Princes was aficrted, and all Refiflance was condemned, under
the Defignation of Antimonarchical and Republican Principles ;
the Qiieen's Hereditary Right was acknowledged, and yet a Zeal
lor the Proteflant SuccefHon was likewife pretended, to make
thofe Addrcfles pafsthe more eafily, with unthinking Multitudes:
Mod of thefe concluded, with an Intimation of their Hopes, that
the Queen would diffolve the prefent Parliament, giving Af-
VoL. II. 6 Z furances

54^ The History of the Reign

1710. furanc^es, that in a new EleAion, they would choofe none, but
* — V-*-' fuch as fhould be faithful to the Crown, and zealous for the
Church: Thefe were at firft more coldly received; for the Queen
either made no Anfwer at all, or made them in very general Words.
Addreffes were brought upon the other hand, magnifying the
Condud of the Parliament^ and expreflinga Zeal for main-
taining the Revolution and the Proteftant Succeflion.
TheQiiecns In the begiui .'ug o{ April the Parliament was prorogued, and
Speech. ^|^^ Queen, in her Speech thereupon, exprefied her concern, that
there was Caufe given for that, which had taken up fo much of
their Time, wifhing that all her People would be quiet, and
mind their own Bufinefs ; adding, that in all Times there was
too much occalion given to complain of Impiety, but that fKe
would continue that Zeal, which fhe had hitherto exprefled for
Religion, and for the Church : This feemed to look a different
way from the Whifpers that had been fet about. Soon after that,
fhe made a Step that revived them again : The Duke of Shrewf-
bury had gone out of England in the end of the former Reign,
thinking, as he gave out, that a warmer Climate was neceffary
for his Health : He ftaid feveral Years at Ro?m^ where he became
acquainted with a Ro7nan Lady : And fhe, upon his leaving
Rome to return to England.^ went after him to Augsbourgy where
fhe overtook him, and declared herfelf a Proteftant ; upon which,
he married her there, and came with her back to England-^ in
Duke of the Year 1706. Upon his Return, the Whigs lived in Civilities
SrS with him ; but they thought his leaving Englaitd^ and his living
cbamier- £q Jqj^ot out of it, whilc wc wcrc in fo much danger at hcane, and
his ftrange Marriage, gave juft caufe of Sul|)icion. \ The DuJce
o^ Marlborough^ and the Lord Godolphin^ lived ftill in Friendfliips
with him, and ftudied to overcome the Jealouiies, that the Whigs
had of him ; for they generally believed, that he had advifed the <
l^te King to the Change he made in his Miniftry, tow^,ards the
end of his Reign. He feemed not to be concerned at ^he dif^
tance, in which he was kept from Bufinefs ; but in the late\Tria],
he left the Whigs in every Vote; and a few days after the Plirlia-
ment was prorogued, the Queen, without communicating the
Matter to any of her Minifters, took the Chajnberlain s Wmte
Staff from the Marquis oi Kent^ (v/hom, in recompence for thUt,
fhe advanced to be a Duke) and gave it to the Duke of Shrewsbury
This gave a great Alarm ; for it was upon that concluded, thai
a total change of the Miniftry would quickly follow; the change^
of Principlesj that he had difcovered in the Trial, was imputed
to a fecret Management between him .and Harley^ with the
new Favourite. The Queen's Inclination to her, and her Alie-
nation

of ^een Anne, 5 47

iom.

nation from the Diitchefs of Marlborouvh^ did encreafe, and 1710-
broke out in many little things, not worth naming : Upon that, «— -v— -*
the Dutchefs retired from the Court, and appeared no more at
it. The Duke of Shrewsbury gave the Minifters very pofitive Af-
furances, that his Principles were the fame they had been during
the laft Reign, and were in no refpcft altered : Upon which, he
defired to enter into Confidences with them; but there was now
too much ground given for Sufpicion.

During this Winter, I was encouraged by the Queen, tofpeak TheQu«n
more freely to her of her Affairs, than I had ever ventured to do wichg°ca/
formerly ; I told her what Reports were fccretly fpi :ad of her, f''»«=-'^
thro' the Nation, as if (he flivoured the Defign of bringing the
Pretender-t to fucceed to the Crown, upon a Bargain that fhe
fhould hold it during her Life : I was fure thefe Reports were
fpread about by Perfons, who were in the Confidence of thofe,
that were believed to know her Mind ; I was well affured, that
the yacobites of Scotland had, upon her coming to the Crown,
ient up one Ogilby of Boyne^ who was in great efteem among
them, to propofe the Bargain to her ; he, when he went back*,
gave the Party full Aflurances that fhe accepted of it : this I had
frt>m fome of the Lords of Scotland^ who were then in the Se-
cret with the profeffed yacobites. The Earl Cromarty made a
Speech in Parliament, as was formerly mentioned, contradiding
this, and alluding to the Diftindion of the Cahinijis, made be-
tureen the fecret and the revealed Will of God ; he affured them*
the Queen had no fecret Will, contrary to that which Ihe de-
clared : Yet at the fame time his Brother gave the Party AA
furances to the contrary. I told the Queen all this; and faid, if
fhe was capable of making fuch a Bargain for herfelf, by which
her People were to be delivered up, and facrificed after her Death,
as it would darken all the Glory of her Reign, fo it muff fet all
her People to confider of the mofl: proper ways of fecuring them-
felves, by bringing over the ProteftantSucceffors; in which, I told
her plainly I would concur, if fhe did not take effedlual means to
extinguifh thofe Jealoufies. I told her, her Minifters had ferved
her with that Fidelity, and fuch Succefs, that her making a change
among them would amaze all the World. The Glory of Queen
£//;^^<^^/^'s Reign arole from the Firmnefs of her Counfcls, and
the Continuance of her Minifters, as the three laft Reigns, in
which the Miniftry was often changed, had fuffered extremely
by it. I alfo fhewed her, that if fhe fuffered the Pretenders Party
to prepare the Nation, for his fuccceding her, flie ought not to
imagine, that when they thought they had fixed that Matter,
they wouldftay forthenaturalEndof her Life; but thatthey would

find

548 The History of the Reign

1710. find ways to fliorten it : nor did I think it was to be doubted, but
^- — v~—' that in 1708, when the Pretender was upon the Sea, they had
laid fomc Aflaflinates here, who, upon the News of his landing,
would have tried to difjmtch her. It was certain, that their Inte-
reft led them to it, as it was known that their Principles did al-
low of it. This, with a great deal more to the lame purpofe, I
laid before the Queen ; fhe heard me patiently ; flie was for the
^ mo ft part lilent: yet, by what fiie laid, fhe feemed defirous to

make me think, fhe agreed to what I laid before her ; but I found
afterwards it had no effed: upon her : Yet I had great quiet in
my own Mind, fince I had, with an honeft Freedom, made the
beft ufe I could of the Accefs I had to her.

The Duke of Marlborough went beyond Sea in February^ to
prepare all Matters for an early Campaign, defigning to open it-
in April'i which was done : The French had wrought fo long
upon their Lines, that it was thought, they would have taken as
much care in maintaining them ; but upon the Advance of our
Army, they abandoned them. And tho' they feemed refolved
to make a ftand upon the Scarpa yet they ran from that likewile ;
and this opened the way all on to Doway: So that was inverted.
t>a-a-ayhe- Tlic Gatrifou was 8000 ftrong, well furnifhed with every thing
taken."" nccellary to make a brave Defence; the Befieged fallied out of-
ten, fometimes with Advantage, but much oftener with Lois ;
it was the middle of May before the French could bring their
Army together; it appeared, that they refolved to ftand upon the
defenlive, tho' they had brought up together a vaft Army of two
Hundred Battallions, and three Flundred Squadrons: They lay
before Arras^ and advanced to the Plains of Lens ; Villars com-
manded, and made fuch Speeches to his Army, that it was ge-
nerally believed, he would venture on a Battle, rather than look
on and fee Doway loft. The Duke of Marlborough and Prince
Eugene poftcd their Army fo advantageoufly, both to cover the
Siege, and to receive the Enemy, that he durft not attack them ;
but after he had looked on a few Days, in which the two Armies
were not above a League diftant, he drew off: So the Siege going
en, and no Relief appearing, both Doway and the Fort Efcarp
capitulated on the 14th of J^^(f;z^.

ThcHifiory I have now compleated my firft Defign in Writting, which
t!?cPc:icc' was to givc a Hiftory of our Affairs for fifty Years, from the 29th
of May J 660 : So if I confined myfelf to that, I fhould here give
over : But the War feeming now to be near an end, and the
Peace, in which it muft end, being that which will probably
give a new Settlement to all Europe, as well as to our Affiirs, I

refolve

of ^ecn A N N E» 5 49

t^folve t6 carry on this Work to the Conclufion of the War. And i 7 1 o.
therefore I begin with the Progrefs of the Negotiations for Peace, *— -v---
which feemed now to be profecuted with warmth.

All the former Winter, an Intercourfe of Letters was kept up Ncgotia-
between Pettecum and Torcy^ to try if an Ex}-)edient coukl In; foundi, ^^^^'^ '
to foften that Article, for the Reduction of Spain^ to the Obe-
dience of King Charles ; which was the Thirty- feventh Aiticle of
the Preliminaries : It flill was kept in agitation upon the foot of
oflering three Towns, to be put into the hands of the Allies, to be
reflored by them, when the Affairs oi Spain fliould be fettled ;
otherwife to be flill retained by them. The meaning ot' which
was no other, than that France was willing to lofe three more
Towns, in cafe King Philip fhould keep Spain and the Wejl^-
Indies : The Places therefore ought to have born fome Equality to
that, for which they were to be given in pawn ; but the Anfwers
the French made to every Proportion, fhewed they meant nothing
but to amufe and diftrad the Allies. The firft Demand the Allies
made, was of the Places in *S^^/V7, then in the hands of the King
of France ; for the delivering up thefe, might have been a good
ftep to the Redudtion of the whole : But this was flatly refufed ;
and, that the King of France might put it out of his po\ver to
treat about it, he ordered his Troops to be drawn out of all the
ftrong Places in Spain, and foon after out of that Kingdom, pre-
tending he was thereby evacuating it ; tho' the FrenchForces were kept
flill in the Neighbourhood : So a fhew was made of leaving Spain to
defend itfelf And upon that. King Philip prevailed on the Spa-
niards, to make great Efforts, beyond what was ever expeded of
them. This was done by the French King, to deceive both the
Allies and his own Subjects, who were caUing loudly for a Peace:
And it likewife eafed him of a great part of the Charge, that Spain
had put him to. But while his Troops were called out of that
Kingdom, as many deferted, by a vifible Connivance, as made
un feveral Battalions : And all the Walloon Regiments, as being
Subjefts of Spain, were fent thither : So that King Philip was
not weakened by the recalling the French Troops ; and by this
means, the Places in Spain could not be any more demanded.
The next, as moft important towards the Redudion ^{ Spain,
was the Demand that Bayonne and Perpignan might be put into
the hands of the Allies, with Thionville on the lide of the Empire.
By the two former, all Cpnwc cnication between France and
Spain would be cut off, and the Allies would be enabled to fend
Forces thither, with lefs Expence and Trouble : But it was faid,
thefe were the Keys of France, which the King could not part
with ; fb it remained to treat of Towns on the Frontier of the

Vol, II. 7 A ' Netherlands-^

550 The History of the Reign

1710. Netherlands ; and even there they excepted Doway^ Arras^ and
-' Cambray : fo that all their Offers appeared illufory ; and the
Intercovirle by Letters was for fome time let fall. But in the
end of the former Year, Tcircy wrote toPettecum, to defire, either
that Pafles might be granted to fome Minifters to come to Hol-
landy CO go on with the Negotiation, or that Pettecum might be
fuffered to go to Paris^ to fee if an Expedient could be found :
and tht: Slates confented to the laft. In the mean while, King
Philip publifhed a Manifejloy protefting againll all that fhould be
tranfad ed at the Hague^ to his prejudice ; declaring his Refolu-
tion to adhere to his faithful Spaniards : He alfo named Plenipo-
tentiaries, to go in his name to the Treaty, who gave the States
notice of their Powers and Inftrucftions ; and, in a Letter to the
Duke of Marlboroughj they gave Intimations, how grateful King
Philip would be to him, if by his means thele his Defires might
be complied with ; as the like Infinuations had been often made
by the French Agents : But no notice was taken of this Meffage
from King Philip, nor was any Anfwer given to it. Pettecum,
after fome days ftay at Paris, came back without the pretence of
offering any Expedient, but brought a Paper, that feemed to fet
afide the Preliminaries : yet it fet forth, that the King was willing
to treat on the Foundation of the Conceffions made in them to
the Allies ; and that the Execution of all the Articles fhould be-
gin after the Ratification. This deftroyed all that had been hi-
therto done ; and the diftinftion, the King had formerly made,
between the Spirit and the Letter of the Partition Treaty, fhewed
how little he was to be relied on : So the States refolved to infift,
both on the Preliminaries, and on the Execution of them, be-
fore a general Treaty fhould be opened. By this Mellage, all
Thoughts of a Treaty were at a full ftand. In the beginning of
February another Projed: was fent, which was an Amplification
of that, brought \yj Pettecum; only the reftoring the two Elec-
tors was infifted on as a Preliminary, as alfo the reftoring the Up-
per Palatinate to the Eledlor of Bavaria ; but the Allies ftill in-
iifted on the former Preliminaries. The Court of France feeing,
that the States were not to be wrought on, to go off from the
Preliminaries, fent another Meflage to them, that the King agreed
to all the Preliminaries, except the Thirty- feventh ; and if they
would confent, that his Minifters fhould come and confer with
them upon that Article, he did not doubt, but what fhould be
propofod from him, would be to their Satisfaflion. This feemed
to give fome Hopes, fo the States refolved to fend the Paflports;
but they forefaw the ill Effedts, of fuffering the Frejich Minifters
to come into their Country, wlio, by their Agents, were every

where

of ^een Anne.

Svhere ftirring up the People againft the Government, as if they
were prolonging the War without necefljty ; fo they appointed
Gertruydenburg to be the Place, to which tlie French Minifters
were to come, to treat with the Deputies they fliould fend to
meet them.

The Minifters fent by Frafjce^ were the Marquis d^U^ielles and Confcv
the Abbot de Polignac ; and thofe from the States^ were Buys ccrtr^j-
and Va7iderduffen : The Conferences began in March, The ''"'*'^^-
French propofed, that the Dominions in Italyy with the IHands,
fhould be given to one of the Competitors for the SpaniJJj Mo-
narchy, without naming which ; but it was undcrflood, that
they meant King Philip : The Deputies did not abfolutcly rejcdl
this ; but fhevved, that the Emperor would never confcnt to
parting with Naples^ nor giving the French fuch footing in Italy,
the French feemed to be fenfible of this : The firft Conference
ended, upon the return of the Courier, whom they fent to Ver-
f allies. They moved for another Conference; and upon fevcral
Proportions, there were feveral Conferences renewed. The King
o^ France defifted from the Demand oi Naples., but infixed on
that of the Places on the Coaft of Tufcany : At laft they defifted
from that too, and infifled only on Sicily and Sardinia : So now
the Partition feemed as it were fettled. Upon which, tlie Depu-
ties of the States prefTed the Minifters of France to give them
folid AflTurances of King Philips quitting Spain and the JVeJi-
Jndies ; to this (upon Advertifement given to the Court o[ France)
they anfwered, that the King would enter into Meafures with
them to force it. Many Difficulties were ftarted, about the
Troops to be imployed, what their number fhould be, and who
Ihould command them ; all which fhewed the Execution would
prove impradlicable. Then they talked of a Sum of Money, to
be paid annually, during the War; and here new Difficulties
arofe, both in fettling the Sum, and in fecuring the Payment :
They offered the Bankers of P^m; butthefe muftall break, when-
foever the King had a mind they fhould : So it plainly appeared,
all was intended only to divide the Allies, by this Offer of a Par-
tition, to which the States confented ; and at which, the French
hoped the Houfe of Aujlria would have been provoked againft
them. The French asked an Affurance of the Deputies, that no
other Articles fhould be infifted on, but thofe in the Prelimina-
ries ; this the Deputies pofitively refufed ; for they had, by one
of the Preliminaries, referved a Power to all the Allies to make
farther Demands, when a general Treaty fhould be opened ; they
faid, they themfelves would demand no more, but they could
not limit the reft, from their juft Demands. This was another

Artifice,

55^

1 7 10'

All came to
ho Conclu-
lion.

A Chano;e
oftheMi-
niftrv in
EngUnd.

The History of the Reigif

Artifice, to provoke the Empire, and the Duke of Savoy-, as if
the States intended to force them to accept of fuch a Peace, as
they fhould prefcribe : In another Conference, the States rejeded
the Offer of a Sum of Money, for carrying on the War in
Spam^ and therefore demanded, that the Frenc^i would explain
themfelves upon the Subjed: of evacuating Spain and the Wefi-
Indies^ in favour of King Charles^ before they could declare their
Intentions, with relation to the Partition ; and added, that all
further Conferences would be to no purpofe, till that was done.

The French were now refolved to break off the Negotiation ;
and fo they were pleafed to call this Demand of the States-, a for-
mal Rupture of the Treaty ; and upon the return of an Exprefs,
that they fent to Verfailles^ they wrote a long Letter to the Pen-
lioner, in the form of a Manifefto ; and fo returned back to
France^ in the end of July- This is the Account, that both our
Minifters here, and \\\^ States have publiflied of that Affair: The
French have publiflied nothing ; for they would not own to the
Spaniards, that they ever entered upon any Treaty, for a Parti-
tion of their Monarchy, much lefs for evacuating Spain. Whe-
ther France did ever defign any thing, by all this Negotiation,
but to quiet their own People, and to amufe and divide the Al-
lies, is yet to us a Secret ; but if they ever intended a Per::e, the
Reafon of their going off from it, muft have been the Account
they then had of our Diftra(5lions in England; which might make
them conclude, that we could not be in a condition to carry on
the War.

The Queen's Intentions to make a change in her Miniftry now
began to break out ; in June flie difmiffed the Earl of Sunderland
from being Secretary of State, without pretending any Male-
verfation in him, and gave the Seals to the hovd Dartmouth. This
gave the Alarm, both at home and abroad; but the Queen, toleflen
that, faid to her Subje6ls here, in particular to the Governours of
the "^^ivk-o^ England, and wrote to her Minifters abroad, that they
fhould affure her Allies, that fhe would make no other Changes ;
and fiid this herfelf to the Miniftcr, whom the States had here ',\
All thefe concurred to exprefs their Joy in this Refolution, and
joined to it their Advice, that fhe would not diffolve the Parlia-
ment. This was reprefented by thofe, who had never been
verfed in the Negotiations of Princes in an Alliance, as a bold in-
truding into the Queen's Councils ; tho' nothing is more common
than for Princes to offer mutual Advices, in fuch Cafes. Two
Months after the change of the Secretary of State, the Queen dif-
mifled the EavlofGodolphin, from being Lord Treafurer, and
put the Treafury in Commiilion : Lord Powlet was the firfl in

form,

of^eenAN^n* 55^

form, but Mr. Harley was the Pcrfon, with whom the Secret was 1710.
lodged; and it was vilible, he was the Chief Minifter: and now it ' — ' — -^
appeared, that a total Change of the Miiiiftry, and the Diflblutidn
of the Parliament, were refolved on.

In the mean while Sacheverel, being prefented to a Benefice in sacheverd^
North Wales., went down to take pofl'efTion of it ; as he pafTed vraia. "
thro' the Counties, both going and coming, he was received and
followed by fuch Numbers, and entertained with fuch Magnifi-
cence, tliat our Princes in their ProgreiTes have not been more run
after, than he was: Great Fury and Violence appeared, on many
occafions, tho' care was taken to give his Followers no fort of
Provocation ; he was looked on as the Champion of the Church ;
and he fhewed as much Infolence on that occafion, as his Party
did Folly. No notice was taken, by the Government, ofallthefc
Riots ; they were rather favoured and encouraged than check'd ;
all this was like a Prelude to a greater Scene, that was to be a(5lcd
at Court. The Qiieen came in OSiober to Council, and called for
a Proclamation, diflblving the Parliament, which Harcourt (noVv
made Attorney-General in the room oi Mo77taguc^ who had quitted
that PofI;) had prepared : wlien it was read, the Lord Chancellor
offered to IJieak ; but the Qu-ccn rofe up, and would admit of no
Debate, and ordered the Writs for a new Parliament to be pre-
pared. At that time fhe difmifled the Lord Somers, and in his
room made the Earl ot Rochejlcr Lord Preiide]it of the Council t
She fent to the Duke of DevonJJjire^ for the Lord Steward's Staif,
and gave it to the Duke di Buckingham ; Mr. Boyle v/as difmificd.
from being Secretary of State, and Mr. St. John had the Seals :
The Earl of Derby was removed from being Chancellor of the
.Dutchy of La7icajler, and was fucceeded by the Lord Berkeley.
The Lord Chancellor came, upon all thefe Removes, and delivered
up the Great Seal ; the Queen did not look for this, and was fur-
prized at it ; and not knowing how to difpofe of it, ihe, with an
unuflial Earneftnefs, preffcd him to keep it one day longer; and
tlie day following, llie having confidered the Matter with her Fa-
vourites Mrs. Majfam and Mr. Harley., received it very readily ;
nnd it was foon gixen to Sir Simon Harcourt. The Earl o^ Whar-
ton delivered up his Commiflion of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland -y
and that was given to the Duke of Ormond : and the Earl of Or-
ford^ with fome ot the Commiflioners of the Admiralty, with-
drew from that Board, in whofe room others were put. So fud-
den, and fo entire a Change of the Miniftry, is fcarce to be found
in our Hiftory, cfpecially where Men of great Abilities had ferved,
both with Zeal and Succefs, infomuch, that the Adminiftration of
all Affairs, j^t home and abroad, in their hands, was not only

Vo L. IL 7 B without

554 Ti?^ History of the Reign

I 710. without exception, but had raifed the Admiration of all Europe^
_V--v — J All this rofe purely from the great Credit of the new Favourites,
and the Queen's perfonal Diftafte to the old ones. The Queen
was much delighted with all thefe Changes, and feemed to think
fhe was freed from the Chains the old Miniftry held her in : She
fpoke of it to ieveral Perfons as a Captivity, fhe had been long
under. The Duke of Somerfet had very much alienated the
Queen from the old Miniftry, and had no fmall (liare in their
Difgrace ; but he was fo difpleafed with the DifTolution of the
Parliament, and the new Model of the Miniftry, that, tho' he
continued fome time Mafter of the Horfe, he refufed to fit any
more in Council, and complained openly of the Artifices, had
been ufed, to make him inftrumental to other People's Defigns,
which he did among others to myfelf
The E!ec- The ucxt, and indeed the greatefl Care of the new Miniftry
liTmcnt- ^'^' vvas, the managing the Eledions to Parliament. Unheard-of
Mai. Methods were ufed to fecure them; 'm. London, and in all the Parts
of E?igland^ but more remarkably in the great Cities, there was
a vaft Concourle of rude Multitudes brought together, who be-
haved themfelves in fo boifterous a manner, that it was not fafe,
and in many places not pofTible, for thofe who had a Right to
vote, to come and give their Votes for a Whig ; open Violence
was ufed in feveral Parts : this was fo general, thro' the whole
Kingdom, all at the fame time, that it was vifible the thing had
been for fome time concerted, and the proper Methods and Tools
had been prepared for it. The Clergy had a great fhare in this ;
for befides a Courfe, for fome Months, of inflaming Sermons,
• they went about from Houfe to Houfe, prefling their People to
fhew, on this great occafion, their Zeal for the Church, and now
or never to fave it : They alfo told them, in what ill hands the
Queen had been kept, as in Captivity, and that it was a Charity,
as well as their Duty, to free her from the Power the late Mini-
ftry exercifed over her.

While the Poll was taken in London., a new Commiflion for
the Lieutenancy of the City was fent in; by which a great
Change was made ; Tories were put in, and Whigs were left
out ; in a word, the Pra6lice and Violence ufed now in Eledions,
went far beyond any thing, that I had ever known in Englafid :
And by fuch means, above three Parts in four of the Members
returned to Parliamen.t, may at any time be packed : And, if
free Eledions are neceflary to the Being of a Parliament, there
was great reafon to doubt, if this was a true Reprefentative duly
eleded.

The

of ^een Ann £ ^ §5^

The Bank was the Body, to which the Government of late 17 id;
had recourfc, and was always readily furniflied by it: but their 'rTT"'^
Credit was now io lunk, that they could not do as they had of Credit,
done formerly ; Adlions, that fomc Months before were at 130,
funk now fo low as to 95, and did not rile above 101 or 102,
all the following Winter. The new Minifters gave it out, that
they would aft moderately at home, and fteadily abroad, main-
tain our Alliances, and carry on the War. But before I enter
on the SeiTion of Parliament, I will give an account of Affairs
abroad.

K\ng Philip went to Arr agon to his Army, and gave it out, Affairs in
that he was refolvcd to put all to the Decifion of a Battle with ^'"*'
King Charles^ who was likewife come to head his Army ; they
lay fo near one another, that King Philip cannonaded the Camp
of his Enemies, but his Men were beat off with lofs, and drew
away to a gre^iter diftance; however, before the end oi July, there
was an A6tion of great Importance near Almanara : The maiit
Body of King Philips Horfe defigned to cut off a Part of King
Charles's Foot, that was feparated from the Cavalry, commanded
by Sta?jhope : He drew his whole Body together ; and tho' he
was much inferiour in number, yet he fcnt to King Charles
for Orders, to engage the Enemy. It was not without fome dif-
ficulty, and after fome re-iterated prefling Inflances, that he got
leave to fall on.

As the two Bodies were advancing one againft another, SfaTt-^ThsBvxU
hope rode at the liead of his Body, and the Spanijh General ad-"*^^""'
vanced at the head of his Troops : The two Generals began the
A6lion ; in which, very happily for Stanhope, he killrd the Spa-
niard : And his Men, animated with the Example and Succefs
of their General, fell on and broke the Spanijh Horfe fo entirely,
that King Philip lofl the beft part of his Cavalry in that A6tion ;
upon which, he retired towards Saragcza\ but was clofely fol-
lowed by King Charles'. And on the 20th o{ Auguft^ they came
to a total Engagement, which ended in an entire Defeat: And
by this means Arr agon was again in King Charles\ hands. King
Philip got off v/ith a very fmall Body to Madrid. But he
foon left it, and retired with all the Tribunals following him to
Validolid\ and fent his Queen and Son X.o ViEloria. Some ot
his Troops got off in fmall Bodies ; and thefe were, in a little time
brought together, to the number of about loooo Men; the
Troops, that they had on the Frontier of Portugal, were
brought to join them, with which they foon made up the Face
of au Army.

King

nara.

^56 The History of the Reign

1710. King Charles made all the hafte he could to Madrid^ but found
(-^-v,-^ none of the Grandees there ; and it appeared, that the Caflilians
^iMadfl were firmly united to King Philips and refolved, to adhere to hini^
at all hazards. The King of France now fhewed, he was refolved
to maintain his Grandfon, fuice if he had ever intended to do it, it
was now very eafy to oblige him to evacuate Spam. On the con-
trary, he fent the Duke oiVendo7ne^ to command tlie Army there;
and he ordered feme Troops to march into Catalonia^ to force!
King Charles to come back, and fecure that Principality. . King
Charles continued till the beginning of December in Cnjlile. In
all that time, no care was taken by the Allies, to fupply or fup-
port him: We were fo engaged in our Party-Matters at home, that
we feemed to take no thought of things abroad, and without us no-
thing could be done : The Court of Vieijna was fo apprehenfive
of the Danger from a War, like to break out, between the Graiid
Seignior and the Czar., that they would not diminifli their Army
in Hitncrary. After King Charles left his Army, Starembergh
feemed refolved to take his Winter Quarters in Cajlile, and made
a fhew of fortifying Toledo ; but for want of Provifion, and chiefly
for fear that his Retreat to Arragon might be cut off, lie refoh^ed
to march back to the Ebi^o : King Philip marched after him. Sta-
rembergh left Stanhope fome Hours March behind him, and he took
up his Qiiarters in an unfortified Village, called Brihuega : But
finding King Philip was near him, he fent his Aid de Cam.p to
let Starembergh know his Danger, and to defire his AfTiftancc.
Stare7nbergh might have come in time to have faved him ; but he
moved fo flowly, that it was conjectured, he envied the Glory
Stanhope had got, and was not forry to fee it eclipfed ; and there-
fore made not that hafte, he might and ought to Iiave done.
The Battle Stanhope and his Men caft up Entrenchments, and defended thefe
very bravely, as long as their Powder lafted ; but in conclulion they
were forced to furrender themfelves Prifoners of War: Some
Hours after that, Starembergh came up ; and tho' the Enemy
were more than double his number, yet he attacked them with
fuch Succefs, that he defeated them quite, killed 7000 of their
Men, took their Cannon and Baggage, and flaid a whole Day in
the Field of Battle. The Enemy drew back ; but Staj'embergh
had fuffered fo much in the Action, that he was not in a condi-
tion to purfue them ; nor could he carry off their Cannon for
want of Horfes ; but he nailed them up, and by flow Marches got
to Sarago^a, the Enemy not 'thinking it convenient to give him
any Difturbance. As he did not judge it fafe, to flay long in Ar-
r agony fb, in the beginning oi Januaryy he marched into Catalo-
?iia ', but liis Army had fuffered fo mucji, both in the lafl Adion

at

of Villa
■mfa.

of ^een Anne. ,-

at Filla Viciofa^ and in the March, that he was not in a condi-
tion to venture on raifing the Siege o{Gironne\ whicli was then
carried on by the Duke oi Noailles : And no RcHef coming, th^ ^^'
Garrijfon, after a brave Defence, was forced to capitulate ; ancj
by tliis means Catalonia was open to the Enemy on all fides.

The Spani/lj Grandees feemed to be in fbme apprehenfions, of ^'^^'f",
their bemg given up by the French ; and there was a Sufpicion of Duke of
fome Cabalhng among them : Upon which, the Duke oi Medina Celiy
King Philip\ chief Minifter, was fent a clofe Prifoner to the dftlc
o^ Segovia, and was kept there very ftridly, none being admitted to
fpeaktohim: He was not brought to any Examination ; but after
he had been for fome Months in Prifon, being oft removed from
one place to another, it was at lad given out, that he died in *•

Prifon, not without the Sulpicion of ill Pradices. Nothing pafled
on the fide of Piedmont, the Duke of Savoy complaining ftill of
the Imperial Couit, and upon that refufing to a6l vigoroufly.

After Doway was taken, our Army fate down before Bethune ; ^f''/^'""'.
and that Siege held them a Month, at the end of which \S\Q.st.vevant
Garrifon capitulated : And our Army fate down at one and the "'^ ' "^"^
fame time, before Aire and St. Venant, to fccure the Head of the
Lys. St. Ve?iant was taken in a few Weeks j but the marfhy
Ground about Aire, made that a flower Work: fo that the Siege • ' ^\\
continued there about two Months, before the Garrifon capitu- "^"^ '
lated. This Campaign, tho' not of fuch Luftre as the former,
becaufe no Battle was fought, yet was by military Men looked on .iu.ijui
as a very extraordinary one in this refped:, that our Men were
about an hundred and fifty Days in open Trenches ; which was
faid to be a thing without example. During thele Sieges, the
French Army polled tliemfelves in fure Camps ; but did not ftir
out of them ; and it was not pofilble to engage them into any
Adion. Nothing confiderable pafiTed on the Rhine, they being
equally unable to enter upon Adion on both fides.

The Czar carried on the War in Livonia with fuch Succels, AfRirsinthe
that he took both Riga and Revel; and to add to the Miferies of ''^°'^'^
Sweden, a great Plague fwept away many of their People. S^uoeden
itfelf was left expofed to tJie Danes and the Czar; but their Do-
minions in Germany were fecurcd by the Guaranty of the Allies :
Yet, tho' the Government of Sweden did accept of this provifio-
nally, till the King's Pleafure .|lfpuld be known, it was not with-
out difficulty, that he was prevailed on to give way to it.
..y I come now to giv^c an Account of theSefiion of Parliament, Tb-ncn-
which was opened the 25 th oi November : The Queen, in her ^-^l^^^j *^"^
Speech, took no notice of the SuccefTcs of this Campaign, as flie
had always don9,iij hgy ^meivSpeeches; and ,inftcad of promifing

Vol. ^I. 7 C "\" " ' to

«»'

The History c£ the Remi

to niaiiitain tlie Toleration, flie faid {he would maintain the In-
dulgence granted by Law to fcrupuloiis Confciences ; this change
of Phrafe into Sache'veref?, Language was much dbferved. The
Lords made an Addrefs of an odd Compoiition to her, which
{hewed it was not drawn by thofe, who had penned their former
Addreffes : Infteeid of promifing, that they would do all that was
poffible, tiiey only promifed to do all that was reafonabie, which
feemed to import a Limitation, as if they had apprehended, that
unreafonablc things miglit be asked of them: And the Conclufiou
was in a very cold ftrain of Rhetorick ; they ended with faying,
They had 710 more to add. The Commons were more hearty in
their Addrefs ; and in the end of it, they refledled on fome late
Pradices againft the Church and State. Bromley was chofen
Speaker without any Oppofition ; there were few Whigs returned,
againfl whom Petitions were not offered ; there were in all about
an Hundred j and by the fn-ft fteps, the Majority made it appear,
that they intended to clear the Houfe of all, who were fufpe<9;ed
to be Whigs. They palfed the Bill for four ShilHngs in the Pound,
before the fliort Recefs at Chrif}?nas.

'. ' I tO *

J „ J J _ During that time, the News came of the ill Succefs in Spain ;
c— V--— ' and this giving a handle to examine into thut part of our Conduct,
d.uiinTp^/V/the Queen was advifed to lay hold on it; fo, without ftaying till
cenfiircd by fj^g heard from her own Minifters or her Allies, as was ufuaL fhe

uicLoids. I'll iri-r»T 1 >'-■

laid the Matter before the Parliament, as the publick News
brought it from Paris ; which was afterwards found to be falfe in
many Particulars ; and told them, what Orders fhe had giv^cn
upon it, of which flie hoped they would approve. This was a
mean Expreffion fi-onl the Sovereign, not ufed in former McfTages;
and feemed to be below the Dignity of the Crown. She ordered
fome Regiments to be carried over to Spain, and named the Earl
o^ Peterborough, to go to the. Court o^ Vienna, to prefs them to
join in the moft cifedual meafures, for fupporting King Charles
there. The Lords, in their Anfwer to this Meffage, promifed
that they would examine into the Condud: of the War in Spain,
to fee if there had been any Mifrhanagcmcnt, in any part of it :
And they cntred immediately into that Enquiry. They began it
with an Addrefs to the Qiieen, to delay the Difpatch of the Earl
o^ Peterborough, till the Houfe might receive from him fuch In-
formations of the Affairs of Spain, as he could give them.
Tjiis was readily granted, and he gave the Houfe a long Re-
''-'■'* cital of the Affairs of Spain, loading the Earl of Gallway with
all the Mifcarriages in that War. And in particular he faid,
that in a Council of War in Valencia, in the middle of January

1706-7,

of ^een Anne. ^ 559

1 706-7, the Earl o^Gallway had prefled the pufhing an ofFenfive lyii.,
War for that Yrar ; and that the Lord Ty rawly and Stanhope had ' — ^'■"~-
concurred with him in that : Whereas he himfelf was for lying on
a defenfive War for that Year in Spain : He faid, this Rcfolution
was carried by thofe three, againft the King of Spairis own
Mind; and he imputed all the Misfortimes that followed in
Spahij to this Rcfolution fo taken. Stanhope had given an Ac-
count of the Debates in that Council to the Queen; and the
Earl of Sunderland^ in anfwer to his Letter, had wrote by the
Queen's Order, that fhe approved of their prefling for an offenfive
War ; and they were ordered to perfift in that. The Earl oi Sun^^
derland faid, in that Letter, that the Queen took notice, that they
three (meaning the Earl of Gallwayy Lord lyrawly^ and Stanhope)
were the only Perfons that were for adling offenfivcly : And that
little regard was to be had to the Earl of Peterborough' % Oppoii-
tlon. Upon the Strength of this Letter the Earl of Peterborough
affirmed, that the whole Council of War was againft an offenfive
War : He laid the blame, not only of the Battle oi Almanza^ and
all that followed in Spain, upon thofe Relblutions, but iikewiie
tlie Mifcarriage of the Dcfign on Toulon ; for he told them of a
great Delign, he had concerted with the Duke o^ Savoy, and of the
ufe that might have been made of fome of the Troops in Spain, if
a defenfive War had been agreed to there. The Earl of Gallwav
and the Lord Ty rawly were fent for ; and they were asked an Ac-
count of that Council at Valencia : They faid, there were many
Councils held there about that time ; and that both the Portu-
gfieze Ambaffador and General, and the Envoy of the States
agreed with them in their Opinions, for an offenfive War ; and
they named fome Spaniards, that were of the fame mind: Thev
alfo faid, that all along, even to the Battle of Ahnanza, in all
their Refolutions, the Majority of the Council of War \'oted fof
every thing that was done, and that they were dired:cd to perfift
in their Opinions, by Letters wrote to then^, in the Queen's Name,
by the Secretaries of State : That as to the Words, in the Earl of
Sunderland\ Letter, that fpoke of them, as the only Perfons that
were of that Opinion ; thefe were underftood by them, as belong-
ing only to die Queen's Subjeds, and that they related more im-
mediately to the Earl of Peterborough, who oppofed that Refbhi-
tion, but not to the reft of the Council of War; for the A^ajority
of them was of their mind.

The Earl of Galloway gave in two Papers ; the one related to his
own Conduct in Spain ; the other was an Anfwer to the Relation
given in v/riting by the Earl o{ Peterborough. The Houfe of Lords
|vas fo difpofsd, that the . Majority believed every thing that was

faid

560 The FIi STORY of the Reign

1711. faid by the Earl of Petcyhorot.'gh ; and it was carried, that his - Ac-
^■""^ — -^ count was honourable, faitliRil, and juft ; and that all the Misfor-
tunes in Spain were the'Effedl and Confequence t)f thofc Refolu-
tions, taken in the middle o^ Jartuary.

:: From tliis Cenfure on the Earl of Gallv:ay^ the Debate was car-'
ried to that, which was chiefly aimed at, to put a Ccnfurc on
the Miniftry here. So it was moved, that an Addrels fhould be
made to the Queen, to free thcfe, who, were under an Oath of
Secrecy, from that Tie, that a full Account might be laid before
the Houfe, C'f all their Confultaticns : The Qvieen granted- this
readily ; and came to the Houfe, which was underftood to be on
deflgn to favour that, which was aimed at. Upon this the Duke of
Marlborci/gh^ the Earls of Godolphin and Simderland^ and the
Lord Ccwpcr fliewed that, confldering the Force fent over to Spain
under the Lord Rivers^ they thought an ofFenjfive War was ad-
vifeable ; that the Expence of that War was {o great, and the
Prolpedl was fo promiiing, that they could not but think an offen-
live War neceflary ; and that to advife a defenlive one, v/ould have
made them liable to a juft Cenfure, asdeligning toprotradl the War.
The Defign on 7oz//<?;? was no way intermix'd with the Affairs of
Spain ; the Earl of P eterborough isLViQVtdi he was in that Secret,'
and had indeed propofed the bringing over fome Troops from
Spain on that Delign, and had offered a Scheme to the Duke of
Savoy, in which that was mentioned, and had fent that over to'
E?7gla?7d. But tho' the Duke of Savoy fuffered that Lord to
amufe himfelf, with his own Proje6t, which he had concerted foi;
the Attempt on Toulon ; that Duke had declared he would not
tindertake it, if it was not managed with the utmoft Secrecy, ■
whicli was facredly kept, and communicated only to thofe, to
whom it muft be trufted for the Execution of it. No Troops from
Spain were to be imployed in that Service, nor did it milcarry for
want of Men. Thele Lords farther faid, they gave their Opinions
in Council, according to the beft of their Judgment; their Inten-
tions were very fincere, for the Service of the Queen, and to bring
the War to a fpeedy Conclulion. Yet a Vote pals'd, that they
were to blame for advifing an ofTenfive War in Spain, upon
which the lofs of the Battle of Ahnanza followed ; and that this
occaiioned the milcarrying of the Deiign upon Toulon.
•^eneflions . TlercAvas a new and ftrange Precedent, of cenfuring a Refolu-
mjdeonic. fion taken in Council; and of defiring tlie Queen to order all, that
had pafs'd in Council, to be laid before the Houfe : In all the hot
Debates in Kin^ Charles the Firfl's Reign, in which many Refo-
lutions taken in Council were juffcly cenfurable, yet the pafling any
Cenflire on them was never attempted by Men, who were no way

partial

of ^een AnNti ' 561

partial in favour of the Prerogative : But they underftood well what x 7 1 r .
our Conftitution was in that point : A Refolution in Council is
only the Sovereign's A6t, who, upon hearing his Counfellors de-
liver their Opinions, forms his own Refolution: A Counfellor
may indeed be liable to Cenfure, for what he may lay at that
Board ; but the Refolution taken there has been hitherto treated
with a lilent Refped:: but by this Precedent, it will be hereafter
fubjed to a Parliamentary Enquiry. The Queen was fo defirous
to have a Cenfure fix'd on her former Miniftry, that Ihe did not
enough conlider the Wound given to the Prerogative, by the
way in which it was done, i

After this was over, another Enquiry was made into the Force
we had in Spain, at the time of the Battle of Almanza ; and it
was found not to exceed 14000 Men, tho' the Parliament had
voted 29000 for the War in Spain. This feemed to be a crying
thing; tragical Declamations were made upon it: But in truth
that Vote had pafs'd here only in the January before the Battle of
Almanza^ which was fought on the 14th of April. Now it was
not pofTible to levy and tranlport Men in fo fliort a time : It was
made appear, that all the Money, given by the Parliament for that
Service, was ifTued out and applied to it, and that extraordinary
Diligence was ufed, both in forwarding the Levies and in their
Tranfportation: They were fent from Ireland, the Paflage from
thence being both fafeft and quickefl. All this, and a great deal
more to the fame purpofe, was faid: But it lignified nothing ;
for when Refolutions are taken up beforehand, the Debating con-
cerning them is only a piece of Form uled to come at the Quef-
tion with fome Decency : And there was fo little of that oblerved
at this time, that the Duke of Buckingham laid in plain Wordsj
that they had the Majority, and would make ufe of it, as
he had oblerved done by others, when they had it on their
lide. So, tho' no Examination had been made, but into that
fingle point of the Numbers at Almajiza, they came to a gene-
ral Vote, That the late Miniftry had been negligent, in the Ma-
nagement of the War in Spain, to the great prejudice of the Na-
tion ; and they then ordered all their Proceedings and Votes to
be put in an Addrefs, and laid before the Queen: And tho' they
had made no Enquiry into the Expence of that War, nor into
the Application of the Money, given by the Parliament for it, yet
in their Addrefs they mentioned the great Profufion of Money in
that Service. This they thought would touch the Nation very
fenlibly ; and they hoped the thing would be ealily believed on
their Word. Protefls were made againft every Vote, in the whole

Vol. II. 7 D Progrefs

562 The History of the Reign

171 1. Progrefs of this Matter : Some of thefe carried fuch RefledlioriSi
'^— ■^ — -' on the Votes of the Houfe, that they were expunged.
A ftrange I ncver Ikw any thing carried on, in the Houfe of Lords, fb
^^Yd^|5™' little to their Honour as this was ; fome, who voted with the reft,
feemed afhamed of it : They faid, fomewhat was to be done, to
juftify the Queen's change of the Miniftry ; and every thing elfe-
where had been fo well conduced, as to be above all Cen-
flire : So the Misfortune of Ahnanza-i being a vifible thing, .they
refolved to lay the Load there. The Management of the publick
Treafure was exadl and unexceptionable : fo that the fingle Mif-
fortune of the whole War was to be magnified ; fome were more
eafiiy drawn to concur in thefe Votes, becaule by the Ad: of
Grace, all thofe, who had been concerned in the Adminiftration,
were covered from Profecution and Punifhment : So this was repre-
fented to fome, as a Compliment that would be very acceptable to
the Queen, and by which no Perfon could he hurt. They loaded
iingly the Earl o^Gallwayy with the lofs of the Battle o{ Almaiiza^
tho' it was refolved on in a Council of War, and he had behaved
himfelf in it, with all the Bravery and Condudl that could beex-
peded from a great General, and had made a good Retreat, and
fecured Catalonia with unexpreflible Diligence. They alfo cen-
fured him for not infifting on the Point of Honour, in the Prece-
dence to be given to the Englijh Troops, as foon as the Portugueze
Army entered into Spain : But, by our Treaty with that Crown,
the Army was to be commanded by a Portuguese General; fo it
was not in his power to change the Order of the Army: If he had
made the leaft Struggle about it, the Portugueze^ who were not
eafily prevailed on to enter into Spaifi, would have gladly enough
laid hold of any occafion, which fuch a Difpute would have gi-
ven them, and have turned back upon it: And fo by his infifting
on fuch a Pundlilio, the whole Defign would have been loft.
We had likewife, in our Treaty with them, yielded exprefQy the
Point of the Flag in thofe Seas, for which alone, on other occa-
fions, we have engaged in Wars ; fo he had no reafon to conteft
a lefler point: Yet a Cenfure was likewife laid on this. And this
was the conclufion of the Enquiries, made by the Houfe of Lords
this Seflion.
Some Harley^ in the Houfe of Commons, led them to enquire into

^ired" in the" ^^"^^ Abufcs in thc VidualHug the Navy : They had been pub-
Houfe of licrjy pradifed for many Years, fome have faid ever fince the
Reftoration : The Abufe was vifible, but connived at, that feve-
ral Expences might be anfwered that way : Some have faid, that
the Captains Tables were kept out of the Gain made in it. Yet
a Member of the Houfe, whp was a Whig, was complained of

' for

of ^een Anne. 563

for this, and expelled the Houfe ; and a Profccution was ordered 1 7 1 r.
againft him : But the Abufe goes on ftill, as avowedly as ever ; *— -v— i
here was a fhcw of Zeal, and a feeming Difcovery of fraudulent
Pradlices, by which the Nation was deceived.

The Money did not come into the Trcafury fo readily as for- Supplies gi-
merly, neither upon the Ad: of four Shillings in the Pound, nor vf'^^°'^^'*'
on the Duty laid on Malt : So, to raife a quick Supply, there
were two Bills pafs'd, for raifmg three Millions and a half by
two Lotteries, the firft of 1,500,000/. and the fecond of two Mil-
lions, to be paid back in thirty-two Years; and for a Fund, to
anfwer this. Duties were laid on Hops, Candles, Leather, Cards
and Dice, and on the Poftage on Letters. In one Branch of this,
the Houfe of Commons feemed to break in upon a Rule, that
had hitherto pafTed for a facred one. When the Duty upon Lea-
ther was firft propofed, it was rejedled by a Majority, and (o^ by
their ufual Orders, it was not to be offered again, during that
Seflion : But after a little Pradice upon fbme Members, the fame
Duty was propofed, with this Variation, that Skins, and Tanned
Hides fhould be fo charged ; this was Leather in another Name.
The Lotteries were foon filled up; fo, by this means. Money
eame into the Treafury : and indeed this Method has never yet
failed of raifing a fpeedy Supply. There was no more asked,
tho' in the beginning of this Seflion, the Houfe had voted a Mil-
lion more, than thefc Bills amounted to ; which made fome con-
clude, there Was a fecret Negotiation and Profpecl of a Peace.

As the Duke oi Marlborough was involved in the general Cen- The Duke
fiire pafTed on the former Miniftry, fo he had not the ufual Com- fjjf^'.tn'
pliment of Thanks for the Succefles of the former Campaign : command-'
When that was moved in the Houfe of Lords, it was oppolcd ^ '^^^' '^'
with fuch Eagernefs by the Duke of Argyle and others, that it
was let fall: For this the Duke o{ Marlborough was prepared by
the Queen; who, upon his coming over, told him that he was not
to.exped: the Thanks of the two Houfes, as had been formerly :
She added, that fhe expedled he fhould live \Vell with her Mi-
nifters, but did not think fit to fay any thing of the Reafons fhe
had, for making thofe Changes in her Miniftry. Yet he fhewed
no Refcntments, for all the ill Ufage he met with ; and, ha-
ving been much prefied by the States and our other Allies, to
continue in the Command of the Army, he told me, upon that
account, he refolved to be patient, and to fubmit to every thing,
in order to the carrying on the War ; and finding the Queen*s
Prepoffeffion againft his Dutchefs was not to be overcome, he
carried a Surrender of all her Places to the Queen: She was Groom
of the Stole, had the Robes, and the Privy Purfe ; in all which,

fhe

niies.

tmes.

564 The History of the Reign

171 1, flie had ferved with great Oeconomy and FideHty to the Queens
'—- "^ — ' and Juftice to thofe, who dealt with the Crown. The Dutchefs
of Somerfet had the two firft of thefe Employments, and
Mrs. Majfam had the laft.
Cbnipisints The Houfe of Commons found the Encouragement given the
"''"r Shewed P^^^^^^^^i ^^^ ^^ difpleafiug to the People, that they ordered a
tiic Paia- Committee to examine into that Matter. The Truth of this Story
was, that in the Year 1708, about fifty Palatines, who were
Lutherans', and were ruined, came over to England : Thefe
were fo efFedtually recommended to Prince Georges Chaplains,
that the Queen allowed them a Shilling a-day, and took care to
have them tranfported to the Plantations : They, ravifhed with
this good Reception, wrote over fuch an Account of it, as oc^
cafioned a general Difpofition among all the Poor of that Coun-
try to come over, in fearch of better Fortunes : And fome of our
Merchants, who were concerned in the Plantations, and knew
the Advantage of bringing over great numbers to people thole
defart Countries, encouraged them with the Promifes of Lands
and Settlements there. This being printed, and fpread thro'
thofe Parts, they came to Holland in great Bodies : The Anabap-
tifts there were particularly helpful to them, both in fubfifting
thofe in Holland, and in tranfporting them to England. Upon
their coming over, the Queen relieved them at firft ; and
great Charities were fent to fupport them : All the Tories de-
clared againft the good Reception that was given them, as
much as the Whigs approved of it. It happened at a bad Seafbn,
for Bread was then fold at double the ordinary Price; fo the Poor
complained, that fuch Charities went to fupport Strangers, when
they needed them fo much : The time of our Fleet's failing to the
Plantations was likewife at a great diftance. The Palatijtes ex-
pelled to be all kept together in a Colony, and became very un-
eafy, when they law that could not be compafled: Some of them
were both unadlive and mutinous ; and this heightened the Out-
cry againft them : Some Papifts mixed among them, and came
over with them ; but they were prefently fent back. Great num-
bers were fent to Ireland ; but moft of them to the Plantations
in North Ajnerica, where it is believed their Induftry will quickly
turn to a good account. The Defign was now formed, to load
the late Adminiftration all that was pollible ; fo it was pretended,
that in all that Affair, there was a Defign againft the Church,
and to encreafe the Numbers and Strength of the Diffenters. It
has indeed paffed for an eftablifhed Maxim, in all Ages, and in
all Governments, that the drawing of Numbers of People to any
Nation, did increafe its intrinfick Strength; which is only to be

meafured

of ^cen Anne. 565

mcafur'd, by the Multitude of the People, that inhabit and cul-^ 17114
tivate it: Yet the Houfe of Commons came to a fuddcn Vote, ^— ^v-*-^
That thofe who had encourag'd and brought over the Palatines^
were Enemies to the Nation: And, becaufe a Letter, wrote by
the Earl of Sunderlaiid-, in the Queen's Name, to the Coimcil of
Trade, was laid before them, by which they were order'd to-
confider of the beft Methods of difpoiing of them, it was moved,
to lay the Load of that Matter on him, in Ibme fevcrc Votes: Yet
this was put off for that time ; and afterwards by levcral Adjourn-
ments delay'd, till at laft it was let fall.

But while the Heat, raifed by this Enquiry, was kept up; the A Biii tore-
Commons pafs'd a Bill to repeal the A6t for a general Naturali- ^ai'xftu-
zation of all Proteftants, which had pafs'd two Years before ; pre- "^"J'^"'^'^*
tending that it gave the Encouragement to the Palatines to come tUc Lordi t<*
over, tho' none of them had made ufe of that Ad, in order to
their Naturalization. This was fcnt up to the Lords ; and the
Lord Guernfey, and forae others, entertained them with tragical
Declamations on the Subjed; yet, upon the firft reading of the
Bill, it was rejeded. A Bill, that was formerly often attempted,
for dilabling Members of the Houfe of Commons to hold Places,
had the fame Fate.

Another Bill, for qualifying Members, by having 600 /. a-year ABiiiquaii-'
for a Knight of the Shire, and 300/. a-year for a Burgefs, fuc-bcr"^toi^
ceeded better : The Defign of this was to exclude Courtiers, Mi- '^^^j^^^"
litary Men, and Merchants, from fitting in the Houfe of Com-
mons, in hopes that this being fettled, the Land Iiltereft would i
be the prevailing Confideration, in all their Confultations. They I
did not extend thefe Qualifications to Scotland \ it being pretended
that Eftatcs there, being generally fmall, it would not be ealy to
find Men fo qualified, capable to lerve. This was thought to
ftrike at an eflential Part of our Conftitution, touching the Free-
dom ofEledions: And it had been, as oft as it was attempted,
oppofcd by the Miniftry, tho' it had a fair Appearance of fecuring \
Liberty, when all was lodged with Men of Eftates: Yet our Gen*
try was become fo ignorant, and fo corrupt, that many appre-
hended the ill Effcds of this ; and that the Intereft of Trade,
which indeed fupports that of the Land, would neither be un-
derftood nor regarded. But the new Minifters refolved to be po-
pular with thofe who promoted it ; fo it palled, and was much
magnified, as a main part of our Security for the future.

Another Bill pafled, not much to the honour of thofe who An A..^ for
promoted it, for the Importation of the French Wine : The In- (('*'*
tercft of the Nation lay againft this fo vifibly, that nothing but
the delicate Palates of thofe, who loved that Liquor, could have
Vol. II. 7 E carried

566 The History of the Reign

1 71 1, carried fuch a Motion thro' the two Houfes. But, tho' the Bill
*— -% — ' pafs'd, it was like to have no effed: : For it was provided, that
the Wine £hould be imported in neutral Veflels ; and the King of
France had forbid it to be exported, in any Veflels but his own :
it feems he reckoned, that our defire of drinking his Wine, would
carry us to take it on fuch Terms, as he fhould prefcribe. In the
Houfe of Commons there appeared a new Combination of To-
ries, of the higheft form, who thought the Court was yet in fbmc
Management with the Whigs, and did not come up to their
heighth, which they imputed to Mr. Hurley ; fo they Began
to form themfelves in oppofition to him, and exprefled their
Jealoufy of him on feveral occafions, fometimes publickly. But
onmrk^^ an odd Accident, that had almoft been fatal, proved happy to him;
by Guifcard. \^ fg]] Q^t On thc 8th of Murch^ the Day of the Queen's AccefTion
to the Crown : One Guifcardy who was an Abbot in France^
had for fome enormous Crimes made his efcape out of that King-
dom ; he printed a formal Story of a Defign he was laying, to
raife a general Infurredion in the Southern Parts of France (in
conjunction with thofe, who were then up in the Cevennes)
for recovering their ancient Liberties, as well as for reftoring
the Edidis in favour of the Huguenots : And he feemed very zea-
lous for publick Liberty. He infinuated himfelf fo into the Duke
of Savojff that he recommended him to our Court, as a Man ca-
pable of doing great Service : He feemed forward to undertake
any thing, that he might be put on; he had a Penfion afligned^
him for fome Years, but it did not anfwer his Expence ; fo when
he was out of hope of getting it increafed, he wrote to one at the^
Court of France, to offer his Service there ; and it was thought,
he had a Defign againft the Queen's Perfon ; for he had tried^^^
by all the ways that he could contrive, to be admitted to /peak' •
with her in private ; which he had attempted that very Morning: '
but his Letter being opened at the Poft-houle, and brought to '
the Cabinet Council, a Meffenger was fent from the Council,
to feize on him. He found him walking in *SV. yatness Park ;
and having difarmed him, carried him to the Lords, who were '
then fitting : As he waited without, before he was called in, he'
took up a Penknife, which lay among Pens in a Standifh ; when
he was queftioned upon his Letter, he defired to fpeak in private
with Secretary St. John, who refufed it ; and he being placed
out of his reach, whereas Harley fate near him, he ftruck him in
the Breafi: with the Penknife, again and again, till it broke ; and
indeed wounded him as much as could be done, with fo fmall a
Tool. The other Counfellors drew their Swords, and ftabbed^^
Guifcardin feveral Places; and their Attendants being called in,

they

of ^/een Anne. 567

they dragged him out. Harley^ Wound was prc/ently fearclicd ; i 7 1 1.
it appeared to be a flight one, yet he was long in the Surgeon's *— -?v— «^
hands: fome imputed this to an ill Habit of Body; others
thought it was an Artifice, to make it feem more dangerous than
indeed it was. Gu'rfcard\ Wounds were deeper, and not eafily
managed ; for at firft he was fullen, and feemed refblved to die ;
yet after a day, he fubmitted himfelf to the Surgeons : But did
not complain of a Wound in his Back, till it gangrcened ; and
of that he died. It was not known, what Particulars were in his
Letter, for various Reports went of it; nor was it known what
he confefled.

This Accident was of great ufe to Harley ; for the Party formed
againfl him, was afhamed to pufh a Man, who was thus afTafli-
nated by one, that was ftudying to recommend himfelf to the
Court of France^ and who was believed to have formed a Defign
againfl the Queen's Perfon. Her Health was at this time much
fhaken. She had three Fits of an Ague ; the laft was a fcvere
one : but the Progrefs of the Difeafe was flopped by the Bark.

The Tories continued flill to purfue the Memory of K. William\ a Defign
they complained of the Grants made by him, tho' thefe were far j^j"^^'"^
fhort of thofe, that had been made by King Charles the Second ; Grants mif-
but that they might diflinguilh between thofe, whom they in-
tended to favour, and others, againfl whom they were fet, they
brought in a Bill, empowering fome Perfons to examine all the
Grants made by him^ and to report both the Value of them, and
the Confiderations upon which they were made : This was the
Method, that had fucceeded with them before, with relation to
Ireland \ fo the bringing in this Bill was looked on, as a fure
ftep, for carrying the Refumption of all the Grants, that they
had a mind to make void. When it was brought up to the Lords,
the Defign appeared to be an unjufl Malice againfl: the Memory
of our Deliverer, and againft thofe, who had ferved him beft ; fo •
upon the firfl reading of the Bill, it was rejedled.

Their Malice turned next againfl the Earl o^Godolphin : They Enquiries
found, that the Supplies given by Parliament were not all re- |'""''^^a=-
turned, and the Accounts of many Millions were not yet pafled
in the Exchequer ; fo they pafled a Vote, that the Accounts of
Thirty-five Millions yet flood out. This was a vafl Sum ; but to
make it up, fome Accounts in King Charles s time were thrown
into the heap; the Lord Ranelagh's Accounts of the former
Reign were the greatefl part; and it appeared, that in no time
Accounts were fo regularly brought up, as in the Qiieen's Reign.
Mr. 5rz^£?/s Accounts, of fourteen or fifteen MilHons, v/ere the
•great Z?^;;?, of which, not above half a Million was pafTed : But

there

couow.

568 7^^^ History of the Reign

1 7 1 1 . there were Accounts of above eleven Millions brought in, tho'
«*— "V-— ' not pafs'd in form, thro' the great Caution and Exadnefs of the
Duke of Newcafile-i at whofe Office they were to pafs ; and
he was very flow, and would allow nothing, without hearing
Counfel on every Article. The truth is, the Methods of paiUng
Accounts were fo fure, that they were very flow ; and it was not
poflible, for the proper Officer, to find Time and Leifure to pals
the Accounts that were already in their hands. Upon this, tho'
the Earl olGodolphin had managed the Treafury, with an Un-
corruptneis, Fidelity, and Diligence, that were fo unexcepti'ona-
ble, that it was not poffible to fix any Cenfure on his Admini-
ftration ; yet, becaufe many Accounts flood out, they paflcd
fome angry Votes on that : But fince nothing had appeared, in
all the Examination they had made, that refleded on him, or on
any of the Whigs, they would not confent to the Motion that was
made, for printing that Report ; for by that, it would have ap-
peared, who had ferved well, and who had ferved ill.

When this Seffion drew near an end, fome were concerned to
find, that a Body, chofen fo much by the Zeal and Influence of
the Clergy, fliould have done nothing for the good of the Church;
fo it being apparent, that in the Suburbs of London, there were
about 200,000 People more, than could poffibly worfliip God
in the Churches built there, upon a Meflage to them from the
Queen (to which the Rile was given by an Addrefs to her from
the Convocation) they voted that fifty more Churches fhould be
built; and laid the Charge of it, upon that part of the Duty on
Coals, that had been referved for building o^Si. Paufs, which was
now finiflied.
TheD^^- ^" *^^ begining o{ April, the Dauphin and the Emperor both
//-w's Death, died of the Small Pox; the firft on the third, the fecond on the
perorV fixth of the Month : Time will fhew what Influence the one or
the other will have on publick Affairs. The Eledors were all
refolved to chufe King Charles Emperor. A little before the
Emperor's Death, two great Affairs were fully fettled ; the Dif-
ferences between that Court and the Duke of Savoy were com-
pofed, to the Duke's latisfadion : The other was of more impor-
tance ; Offers of Amnefty and Conceffions were fent to the Male-
contents in Hungary, with which they were fo well fatisfied,
that a full Peace was like to follow on it : And, left the News
of the Emperor's Death fhould be any flop to that Settlement, it
was kept up from them, till a Body of 10,000 came in and de-
livered up their Arms, with the Fort of Cajfaw, and took an
Oath of Obedience to King Charksy which was the firfl notice
they had of Jofeph\ Death.

The

of ^een Anne. ^^69

• TIic Effects of thi? will prbbably go flirther, than barely to 1711.
the quieting o{ Huvgaij : For the King of *S'zct'<^<?;/, the Crirn ^^j^^'^^'
Tartar.^ and the Agents oi France had fo animated the Ti/rh>nf^iiMbt'
sgainll the Mufcovites ; that iho' the Sultan had no mind to en- Tu^k^wl
gage in a new War, till the Affairs of that Empire (hould be put^'^'^***'-
in a better State; yet he was fb apprehcnfive of the Janizaries, that,
much againft his own Inclinations, he was brought to declare
War ao-ainft the Czar: But both the 6sr<^/" and he feemcd in-
chned to accept the Mediation, that was ofiercd by Evgland and
by the States ; to which very probably the Turks may the mgre
eaftly be brought, when they fee no .hope of any Advantage to
be made, from the Diftradlions in Hungary.

It did not yet appear, what would be undertaken on either
fide in Spain : King Philip had not yet opened the Campaign ;
but it was given out, that great Preparations were made for a
Siege: On the other hand, KingC-^^^r/^jhad great Re-inforcements
fent him ; fo that his Force was reckoned riot inferiour to
King Philips : Nor was it yet known, what Refolutions he had
taken, Unce he received the News of the Emperor's Death.

The Campaign was now opened on both fides in xh^Netherlanc/sf
tho' later than was intended: The Seafon continued long fo rainy,
that all the Ways in thofe parts Vv-ere impra<flicable: Nothing was
yet attempted on either fide ; both Armies lay near one another 5
and both were fo well ported, that no Attack was yet madec
And this was the prefent State of Affairs abroad, at the end of
May. At home Mr. Harley was created Earl of Oxford^ and
then made Lord High Treafurer, and had now the fuprcme Fa-
vour : The Sefiion of Parliament was not yet at an end. There
had been a great Prbje<fl carried on, for a Trade into the South
Sea ; and a Fund was projedled, for paying the Intereft of nine
Millions, that were in Arrear for our Marine Affairs.

From our temporal Concerrls, I turn to give an account of thofe, ThfConvo-
which related to the Church : The Convocation of the Province ^^""" '"*"^
of C?w/^r<^arv was opened, the 25th of JVo^^w^^r, the fliraeday
in which the Parliament met: And Atterbury Was chofcu Pro-
locutor. Soon after, the Queen fent a Licence to the Convoca-
tion, empowering them to enter upon fuch Confultations, as the
prefent State of the Church required, and particularly to coniider
of fuch Matters, as fhe fhould lay before them ; limiting them to
a ^orum, that the Archbifhop of Canterbury^ the Bifliop of
London J or the Bifhop of Bath and JVells fliOuld be prefent, and
agree to their Refolutions. With this Licence, there was a Let-
ter direded to the Archbifliop, in which the Convocation was
ordered, to lay before the Queen an Account of the late exceffivc
Vol. II. 7 F growth

570 ^^^ History of th

e

Rcmt

I 71 1

Except'.ons
to the Li-
cence (cnt
ihcni.

orbvvtli of Infidelity and Herefy among us ; and to confider how
to redrefs Abufes in Excommunications ; how rural Deans might
be made more cfFei3:ual ; how Terriers might be made and pre-
ferved more exadly ; and how the Abufes in Licences for Mar-
riage might be corrected.

In this whole Matter, neither the Archbifliop nor any of the
Bifhops were fo much as confiilted with ; and fome things in the
Licence were new : The Archbifliop was net named the Prefi-
dent of the Convocation, as was ufual in fcrmer Licences; and
in thefe, the Archbifliop's Prefcnce and Confent alone was made
necelTary, except in cafe of Sicknefs, and then the Archbifhop
liad named fome Bifhops toprefide, as his Comimifl'aries: And in
that cafe, the Convocation was limited to his Commifiaries, which
flill lodged the Prefidentfliip and the Negative with the Archbi-
fhop: This Vv^as according to the primitive Pattern, to limit the
Clergy of a Province to do nothing, without the Confent of the
Metropolitan ; but itV/as a thing new and unheard-of, to limit
the Convocation to any of their own Body, who had no Deputa-
tion from the Archbifhop. So a Report of this being made, by a
Committee that v/as appointed to fearch the Records, it was laid
before the Queen : And fhe fent us a MefTage to let us know,
that flie did not intend, that thofe whom flie had named to be of
the ^orum^ fhould either prelide or have a Negative upon our
Deliberations, tho' the contrary was plainly infinuatcd in the Li-
cence. The Archbifhop was fo ill of the Gout, that after our
firft Meetings, he could come no more to us ; fo was the Bifhop
o^ London : upon which, the Bifhop oi Bath and TVdh^ feeing
how invidioufiy he was diftinguifhed from his Brethren, in which
he had not been conRilted, pretended ill Health ; and we were
at a fland, till a new Licence was fent us, in which the Bifhops
of Winchejler^ BriJloU and *SV. Davids^ were added to be of the
^crum. The two laft were newly confecrated, and had been
in no Funftions in the Church before : So the Queen, not only
paiTed over all the Bifhops, made in \Qx\^ Willi am\ Reign, but
a great many of thofe named by herfelf, and fet the two laft in a
DiPrindion above all their Brethren. All this was directed by
Atterbury^ who had the Confidence of the chief Minifler j and
becaufe the other Bifhops had maintained a good Correfpondence
v.'ith the former Mmiftry, it was thought fit to put Marks of the
Queen's Diftrufl upon them, that it might appear, with whom her
Royal Favour and Truft was lodged.
ARcprefcn- The Convocation entred on the Confideration of the Matters
for°ihe^"'^^" referred to them by the Queen: And a Committee was appointed,
Queen. j-Q diaw a Reprcfcntation of the prefent State of the Church, and

of

A new Li
ccnce.

t)f ^eeii Anne. ^71

of Rcli-gion among us; but after fome Heads were agreed on, 1710.
AttcrbiLry procured, that the drawing of this might be left to
him : And he drew up a mod virulent Declamation, defaming
all the Adminiftration, from the time of the Revolution : Into
this he brought many impious Principles and PracHecs, that had
been little heard of or known, but were now to be publiiliedj
if this fhould he laid before the Queen. The Lower IJoiifc agreed
to his Draught ; but the Bifhops laid it afide, and ordered ano-
ther Reprcfentation to be drawn, in more general arid more mo-
deft Terms. It was not fettled, whicii of thefe Draughts fhould
be made ufe of, or whether any Reprcfentation at all fliould be
made to the Queen : For it was known, that the Defign in asking
one was only to have an Afperfion caft, both on the former
Miniftry and on the former Reign. Several Provifions were pre-
pared, with relation to the other Particulars in the (^leen's Let-
ter : But none of thefe were agreed to by bot]> Houfcs.

An Incident happened, that diverted their Thoughts to ano- r^^.,^^,,^^
ther matter: y[x. Whijlon^ the Profeflbr of Mathematicks in ^'^'^'''^'•"«-
Cambridge^ a learned Man, of a fober and exemplary Life, but ''^'"
much fet on hunting for Paradoxes, fell on the reviving xhnArian
Herefy, tho' he pretended to differ from Arius^ in feye^ral Parti-
-culars : Yet upon the main he ;was partly Apollinarifl^ partly
A^^ian ; for he thought the Nous or Word was all the Soul that
aded in our Saviour's Body. He found his Notions favoured by
the Apoftolical Conftitutions; fo he reckoned them a Part, and
the chief Part of the Canon of the Scriptures. For thefe Tenets,
Jie was cenfured at Cambridge-, and expelled the Univcrlity :
.Upon .that, he wrote a Vindication of hirnfelfand his Dodrine,
-anii idedicated it to the Convocation, promifing a larger Work
.on:thefe;Subjedts. The uncontefted way of proceeding in fuch
a cafe was, that the Bifhop of thfc Diocefe, in which he lived,
:fliOuld cite :him into his Court, in order to his Convidion or
'iCenfure, irom whofe Sentence an Appeal lay to the Archbifliop,
and from him tothe Crown : Or the Archbifhop might proceed
in the firft inftance in a Court of Audience : But we faw no clear
Precedents, of any Proceedings in Convocation, whqre the jurif-
didion was contefted ; a Reference made by the High Com-
miffion to the Convocation, where the Party fubmitted to do
Penance, being the only Precedent that appeared in Hiftory ;
and even of this we had no Record : fo that it not beins: thought
a clear Warrant for our proceeding, we were at a ftand. The
Ad, that fettled the courle of Appeals in King .Henry the
Eighth's Time, made no mention (^f Sentences in Convocation ;
and yet, by the Ad in the iirft of Queen Elizabeth-^ that defined

what

57^ ^^ History of the Reign

I 71 1, whut fliould be judged Herefy, that Judgment was declared to be
*^ — ^ — -^ m the Ciovvn: By all this (which the Archbiihop laid before the
Billiops in a Letter, that he wrote to them on this occalion) it
feemed doubtful, whether the Convocation could, in the firfl: in-
flancc, proceed againfl a Man for Herefy : And their Proceedings,
if they were not wan anted by Law, might involve them in ^Prce-
muiiire. So the Upper Houfe, in an Addrefs, prayed the Queen
to ask the Opinions of the Judges, and fuch others as fhe thought
fit, concerning thefe Doubfe, that they might know how the
Law Hood in this matter.
Thediffe- Eight of the Judgcs, with thfe Attorney and SoUicitor-General,
nlonS'ciie ga\T their Opinion, that We had a Jurifdiftion, and might pro-
judges con- ^^^^ -j-j |-^j^j^ ^ (>^fg . j^yi- l3rouo;ht no exprefs Law nor Precedent

Po\verc)f to fupport their Opinion : They only obferved, that the Law-
cation°"^°' Books fpokc of the Convocation, as having Jurifdidion; and
they did not fee that it was ever taken from them : They were
alfo of Opinion, that an Appeal lay from the Sentence of Convor-
cation to tlie Crown ; but they referved to themfelves a Power to
change their mind, in cafe, upon an Argument that might be
made for a Prohibition, they fhould fee caufe for it. Four of
the Judges were politively of a contrary Opinion, and main-
tained it from the Statutes made at the Reformation. The
Queen, having received thefe different Opinions, fent them to
the Archbilliop, to be laid before the two Houfes of Convoca-
tion; and, without taking any notice of the diverfity betweerr
them, fhe wrote that, there being now no doubt to be made of
our Jurifdidion, flie did exped, that we fhould proceed in the
Matter before us. Li this it was vifible, that Thofe who advifed
the Queen to write that Letter, confidered more their own Hu-
mours than her Honour. Yet two great Doubts ftill remained,
even fup}x)fing we had a Jurifdidion : The firft was, of whom
•the Court was to be compofed ; whether only of the Bifhops, or
what fliare the Lower Houfe had in this Judiciary Authority : The
other w^sj by what Delegates, in cafe of an Appeal, our Sentence
was to be examined : Were no Bifhops to be in the Court of Dele-
gates ? Or was the Sentence of the Archbifhop and his twenty-
one SuiFtagan Bifliops, with the Clergy of the Province, to be
judged by the Archbifhop of York and his three Suffragan Bi-
fhops? Thefe Difficulties appearing to be fo great, the Bilh.ops
' refolved to begin with that, in which they had, by the Queen's

Licence, an Undiijnitable Authority; which was to examine and
cenfure the. Book, and to fee if his Dodrine was not contrary to
the Scriptures, and the firft four General Councils, which is the
Meafiire fet by LaWj to judge Herefy. They drew out fome Pro-

pofitions

of ^een A^HE' 57^

poiitions from his Book, which feemed plainly to be the reviving j>jii.
Q^ Arianifm\ and cenfuredthem as fuch. Thefc they fent down ViTTC^
to the Lower Hoiife, who, tho' they excepted to one Propofltion, Dodhines
yet cenfured the reft in the fame manner. This the Archbiftiop ""'^"""''''
(being then difabled by the Gout) fent by one of the Bifhops to
the Queen for her Aflent, who promifed to confidcr of it : But
to end the matter at once, at their next meeting in Winter, no
Anfwcr being come from the Queen, two Bifhops were fent to
ask it ; but Ihe could not tell, what was become of the Paper,
which the Archbifhop had fent her; fo a new Extradl of the Cen-'
fure was again fent to her: But fhc has not yet thought fit, to fend
any Anfwer to it. So IFhiJlons Affair fleep, tho' he has publiflied
a large Work in four Volumes in OAavo, juftifying his Dodirine,
and maintaining the Canonicalnefs of the Apoftolical Conftitutions,
preferring their Authority not only to the Epiftles, but even to
the Gofpels. In tliis laft I do not find he has made any Profe-
lytesy tho' he has fet himfclf much to fupport that Paradox.

The Lower Houfe would not enter into the Confideration of the
Reprefentation, fent down to them by the Bifhops; fo none was
agreed on, to be prefented to the Queen: But both were printed,
and fevere Refledlions were made, in feveral Trafts, on that
which was drawn by the Lower Houle, or rather by Atterbury.
The Bifhops went thro' all the Matters, recommended to them by
the Queen ; and drew up a Scheme of Regulations on them all ;
But neither were Thefe agreed to, by the Lower Houfe; for their
Spirits were fo exafperated, that nothing fent by the Bifhops could
be agreeable to them. At laft the Seflion of Parliament and Con-
vocation came to an end.

The laft thing fettled by the Parliament was, the creating a An Act for
new Fund for a Trade in the South Sea : There was a great Debt J^'^-ivadl'.
upon the Navy, occafioned partly, by the Deficiency of thd
Funds appointed for the Service at Sea, but chiefly by the necef-
fity of applying fuch Supplies as were given, without Appropria-
ting Claufes, to the Service abroad ; where it was impofilble to
carry it on by Credit, without ready Money, fo it was judged ne-,
cefl'ary to let the Dcbt^ of the Navy nm on upon Credit : This had
rilen up to feveral Millions ; and the Difcount on the Navy-Bills
ran high. All this Debt was thrown into one Stock ; and a Fund
was formed, for paying the Intereft at 6 per Cent.

The Flatterers of the new Minifters made great ufe of this, to Rcaedions
magnify them, and to afperfe the old Miniftry : But a full Report J.jj.ljltry''*
of that matter was foon after publifhed, by which it appeared, that fi^yckar«d.
the publick Money had been managed with the utmoft fidelity and
frugality ; and it was made evident, that when there was not

Vo L. IL 7 G Money

574 ^^^ History of the Reign

1 7 1 1 . Money enough to anfwer all the Expence of the War, it was ne-

- — V — ' ceffary to apply it to that, which preffed moft, and where the
Service could not be carried on by Credit : So this Debt was con-
tradled by an inevitable Neceflity ; and all reafonable Perfons were
fully fatished with this Account of the Matter. The Earl of Go-
dolphins unblemifh'd Integrity was fuch, that no Imputation of
any fort could be fattened on him ; fo, to keep up a Clamour,
they refleded on the Expence he had run the Nation into, .upon
the early Succefles in the Year 1706 ; which were very juflly ac-
knowledged, and cleared in the fucceeding Seffion, as was for-
merly told : But that was now revived ; and it was faid to be an
Invaiion of the great Right of the Commons in giving Supplies,
to enter on Deligns and to engage the Nation in an Expence, not
provided for by Parliament. This was aggravated, with many
tragical Expreffions, as a Subverfion of the Conftitution; fo with
this, and that of the thirty- five Millions, of which the Accounts
were not yet pafs'd, and fome other Particulars, they made an
inflaming Addrefs to the Queen, at the end of the Sefiions. And
this was artificially fpread thro' the Nation, by which weaker
Minds were fo pofiefled, that it was not eafy to undeceive them,
even by the fulleft and cleareft Evidences; the Nation feemed
ftill infatuated beyond the power of Conviction. With this the
Seffion ended, and all confidering Perfons had a very melancholy^
Profpe^t, when they faw what might be apprehended from the
two Sefiions, that were yet to come of the fame Parliament.

AfFuiisin I now turn to Affairs abroad. The Bufinefs oi Spain h^d.

^f"""' been fo much prefixed from the Throne, and fo much infifted on
all this Seflion, and the Commons had given 1,500,000/. for
that Service (a Sum far beyond all that had been granted in any
preceding Sefiion) fo that it was expected. Matters would have
been carried there in another manner than formerly. The Duke
of Argyh was lent to command the Queen's Troops there, and
he leemed full of Heat: But all our Hopes failed. The Duke
of Vendomes Army was in fo ill a condition, that if Starembera-h
had been fupported, he promifed himfelf great Advantages: It
does not yet appear what made this to fail ; for the Parliament
has not yet taken this into Examination. It is certain the Duke
of Argyle did nothing ; neither he nor his Troops were once
named, during the whole Campaign ; he wrote over very heavy
Complaints, that he was not fiipported, by the faiHng of the
Remittances, that he expeded : But what ground there was for
that, does not yet appear: For, tho' he afterwards came over, he
was very filent, and feemed in a good Underftanding with the
Miniftcrs. Starsmhergh drew out his Forces^ and the two Armies

My

of ^een Anne. 575

]ay for fome time looking on one another, without coming to iju.
any A<5lion : Vendome ordered a Siege to be laid to two fmall ^ — »--i^
Places, but without Succefs. That oi Cardona was perfifted in
obftinately, till near the end of December, and then Staretnbergh
fent fome Bodies to raifc the Siege, who fucceeded fo well in their
Attempt, that they killed 2000 of the Befiegers, and forced their
Camp; fo that they not only raifed the Siege, but made them felves
Mafters of the Enemies Artillery, Ammunition, and Baggage; and
the Duke of Vendome s Army was {o diminifhed, that if Staretn-
bergh had received the Afliftance, which he expelled from Eng-
land, he would have pierced far into Spain. But we did nothing,
after all the Zeal we had cxprefs'd for retrieving Matters on that
iide.

The Emperor's Death, as it prefently opened to King Charles the ThcEiec-
Succcflion to the Hereditary Dominions ; fo aDifpofition appeared tonofKinT
imanimoufly, among all the Eledtors, to chufe him Emperor: Yet bcEmperor.
he ftaid in Barcelona till September ; and then leaving his Queen
behind, to fupport his Affairs in Spain, he failed over to Italy: He
ftaid fome Weeks at Milan, where the Duke of Savoy came to
Iiim ; and we were told, that all Matters in debate were adjufted
between them. We hoped this Campaign would have produced
fomewhat in thofe Parts, of advantage to the common Cauie,
upon the Agreement made before the Emperor Jofeph^ Death.
And Mr. St.yohn, when he moved in the Houfe of Commons,
for the Subfidies to the Duke of Savoy, laid, all our hopes of Suc-
cefs this Year lay in that Quarter; for in Flanders we could do
nothing. The Duke came into Savoy, and it was given out that
he was refolved to preis forward ; but upon what Views, it was
not then known, he ftop'd his Courfe ; and after a fhort Cam-
paign, repailed the Mountains.

The Eledion of the Emperor came on at Francfort, where
fome Eledors came in Perfon, others fent their Deputies ; fome
Weeks were fpent in preparing the Capitulations ; great Appli-
cations were made to tJiem, to receive Deputies from the Elec-
tors of Bavaria and Cologne; but they were rejeded, for they were
under the Ban of the Empire ; nor were they plealed, with the
Interpofition of the Pope's Nuntio, who gave them much trouble
in that Matter ; but they perfifted in refufing to admit them.
Francfort lay fo near the Frontier of the Empire, that it was ap-
prehended, the Fre?ich might have made an Attempt that way ;
for they drew Ibme Detachments from their Army in Flanders^
to encreafe their Forces on the Rhine. This obliged Prince Eugeney
after he, in conjundion with the Duke oi Marlborough, had
opened the Campaign in Flanders-, to draw off a Detachment

from

576 The History of the Reign

in II. from thence, and march with it towards the i?^//;^ ; and there
^ — V- — ' he commanded the Imperial Army ; and came in good time,
to fecure theEIedors at Fra7icfort\ who being now fafe, from the
fear of any Infult, went on flowly in all that they thought fit
to propofe, previous to an Eledion; and concluded unanimoufly
to chufe Charles^ who was now declared Emperor by the Name
of Charles the Sixth : He went from Milan to Infpruck^ and
from thence to Francfort^ where he was crowned with the ufual
Solemnity. Thus that Matter was happily ended, and no A<5lion
happened on tne Rhine all this Campaign.
The Duke 'f [^^ Duke of Marlborough's Army was not only weakened by
rough ^^[lA the Detachment, that Prince Euge7ie carried to the Rhine, but
LhiS!"'* by the calling over 5000 Men of the beft Bodies of his Army,
for an Expedition defigncd by Sea ; fo that the French were fu-
periour to him in number : They lay behind Line?, that were
looked on as fo ftrong, that the forcing them was thought an
impradicable thing; and it was faid, thiit Fi liars had wrote to
the French King, that he had put a IVe plus ultra to the Duke of
Marlborough : But, contrary to all expectation, he did fo amufe
Fillai's with feint Motions, that at laft, to the furprize of all
Europe, he pafs'd the Lines near Bouchain, without the lofs of a
Man.

This raifed his Charader, beyond all that he had done for-
merly; the Defign was fo well laid, and was fo happily executed,
that in all Mens Opinions, it pafs'd for a Mafter-piece of military
Skill; the honour of it falling entirely on the Duke of Marlbo-
rough, no other Perfon having any fhare, except in the Execu-
tion. When our Army was now fo happily got within the
French Lines, the Dutch Deputies propoled the attacking the
French, and venturing a Battle, fince this Surprize had put them
in no fmall Diforder. The Duke of Marlborough differed from
them, he thought there might be too much Danger in that At-
tempt; the Army was much fatigued with fo long a March,
in which their Cavalry had been eight and forty Hours on horfe-
back, alighting only twice, about an Hour at a time, to feed
their Horfes ; for they marched eleven Leagues in one Day :
The French were frefli ; and our Army was in no condition to
enter upon Adion, till fome time was allowed for Refrelliment :
And the Duke of Marlborough thought that, in cafe of a Misfor-
tune, their being within the Fre?:ch Lines might be fatal.
Hebefieged He propofed the befieging Bouchain', which he thought might
Boucham. oblige the French to endeavour to raife the Siege ; and that might
give occafion to their fighting on more equal Terms; or it would
bring both a Difreputation and a Diflieartening on their Army,
6 if

i

of ^een Anne. 577

if a Place of fuch Importance fhould be taken in their fight : Both jjn,
the Dutch Deputies and the General Officers thought the Dclign
was too bold, yet they fubmitted to him in the Matter : It feemcd
impradicable to take a Place, fituated in a Morafs, well fortified,
with a good Garrifbn in it, in the fight of a fuperior Army ; for
the French lay within a Mile of them : There was alfo great dan-
ger from the Excurfions, that the Garrifbns of Valenciennes and
Conde might make, to cut off their Provifions, which were to
come to them from Tournay. All about the Duke ftudied to di-
vert him from fo dangerous an Undertaking ; fince a Misfortune in
his Condudl would have furnifiied his Enemies with the Advan-
tages, that they waited for. He was fenfible of all this, yet he
had laid the Scheme fo well, that he refolved to venture on it :
The French tried to throw more Men into the Place, by a narrow
Caufeway thro' the Morafs, but he took his Meafures (b well, that
he was guarded againft every thing : He faw what the Event of
the Siege might be ; fo he beftirred himfelf with unuflial A ppli-
cation, and was more fatigued in the courfe of this Siege, than he
had been at any time, during the whole War. He carried on
the Trenches, and by his Batteries and Bombs the Place was fboii -
laid in Ruins. Villars feemed to be very bufy, but to no purpofe;
yet, feeing he could not raife the Siege, he tried to furprize
Doway, but they difcovered the Defign, and forced the Body that
was fent thither, to retreat in all hafte. After twenty Days, from
the opening the Trenches, the Garrifon oi Bouchain capitulated ; And took it.
and could have no better Terms than to be made Prifoners of War.
As this was reckoned the moft extraordinary thing in the whole
Hiftory of the War, fo the Honour of it was acknowledged to be-
long wholly to the Duke of Marlborough ; as the Blame of a Mif-
carriage in it muft have fallen fingly on him. Villars\ Conduct
on this occafion was much cenfured ; but it was approved by the
King of France : And with this the Campaign ended in thofe
parts.

No Adlion happened at Sea, for the French had no Fleet out: ^^^ pxpedi-
An Expedition was defigned by Sea for taking ^-iebec and Pla- tion by Se«
centia ; and for that end, 5000 Men were brought from Flan^- °
ders'. Hill^ who was Brother to the Favourite, had the Com-
mand. There was a ftrong Squadron of Men of War ordered, to
fecure the Tranfport Fleet ; they were furnifiied from hence with
Provifions, only for three Months ; but they defigned to take in a
fecond Supply at New England. A Commifiioner of the Vicflual-
ling then told me, he could not guefs what made them be fent
out {o ill furnifiied ; for they had Stores, lying on their hands, for
a full Supply. They failed, foon after tlie end of the Sefiion, and

Vol. II. 7H had

1^

578 The History of the Reign

I -I I. li^^ ^ quick Paflage to New Eiigland\ but were forced tb {lay

V- — V-— » many Weeks on that Coaft, before they could be fupplied with

Provifions: They failed near the end o{ Auguft into the River of

Ca?2aday which was thirty Miles broad : But they were ill ferved

with Pilots ; and at that Scafon, Storms were ordinary in thofe

, parts: One of the fe broke upon them, by which feveral Ships

Irmifcar- were ovcrfct, and about 2500 Men were- loft. Thus the Defign

"®'^' of .^<'£'/'(?c mifcarried ; and their Provifions were too fcanty, to

venture an Attempt on Placentia : So they returned hoiire un-

profperous.

This was a great Mortification to the new Miniftry ; it being
their firft Undertaking, ill projeded, and worfe executed, in
every ftep of it : It was the more liable to Cenfure, becaule at the
very time, that the old Miniftry were charged with entring on
Defigns, that had not been laid before the Parliament, and for
which no Supplies had been given, they projefted this, even while
a Seffion was yet going on, without communicating it to the Par
liament ; whereas, what the former Miniftry had done this way,
was upon Emergents, and Succefles, after the end of theSeflion :
But this Matter has not yet been brought under a Parliamentary
Examination, fo the Difcoveries, that may be made if that hap-
pens, muft be referred to their proper place. This was the State
of our Affairs during this Campaign ; the Merchants complained
of great Loffes made at Sea, by the ill Management of Convoys
and Cruizers.
Affairs in The War between the Tt^rk and the Czar came to a quick

'^'"'^'J'- end : The C%ar advanced with his Army fo far into Moldavia,
that he was cut off from his Provifions: An Engagement followed,
in which both fides pretended they had the advantage. It is cer-
tain, the Czar found he was reduced to great Extremities ; for he
propofed, in order to a Peace, to furrender Azuph^ with fome
other Places, and demanded that the King of xSW^-^/^^ might be
fent home to his own Country. The Graiid Vizier was glad to
arrive at fo fpeedy a Conclufion of the War; and, notwithftand-
ing the great Oppofition made by the King o{ Sweden^ he con-
cluded a Peace with the Mufcovite-, not without fufpicion of his
being corrupted by Money to it. The King of Sweden being
highly offended at this, charged the Grand Vizier, for negledl-
ing the great Advantages he had over the Czar, fince he and his
whole Array were at mercy ; and he prevailed fo far at the Port,
that upon it the Grand Vizier was depofed, and there was ai^
appearance of a War ready to break out the next Year : for the
Czar delayed the rendring Azuph and the other Places agreed to
be delivered up; pretending that th^ K.m^ oi Sweden was not

fent

of ^een An me. 5*79

fent iiome, according to agreement ; yet to prevent a new War, 171 it
all the Places were at length delivered up : What EfFed: this may '— V-*^
have, mil ft be left to farther time.

Towards the end of the Year the Danes and Saxons broke in And in P#»
by concert upon Pomerania^ refolving to befiege Stralzund ; but '""■*""
every thing neceflary for a Siege came fb flowly from Denmarkj
that no Progrcfs was made, tho' the Troops lay near the Place^
for fome Months ; and in that time the Swedes landed a confi-
derable Body of Men, in tlie Ifle of Rugen : At laft the Befiegcrs,
being in want of every thing, were forced to railc the Siege, and
to retire from that Neighbourhood, in the beginning of Januaryi
They fate down next before Wijmar^ but that Attempt likewifd
mifcarried, which rendered the G^ndud: of tlie King of Denmark
very contemptible ; who thus obftinately carried on a War (at a
time that a Plague fwept away a third part of the People of Copen"
hagen) with as little Condud: as Succefs. Having thus given a
fliort View of Affairs abroad ;

I come next to give the beft Account I can, of a fecret and im- vtarhyxm^i
portant Tranfadion at home: The Minifters now found, how hard LordTrci-
it was to reftore Credit, and by confequence to carry on die War ; '^'^*^'^'
Mr. Harley\ Wound gave the Queen the occalion, which fhc
feemed to be v/aiting for ; upon his Recovery flie had created him
an Earl, by a double Title, of Oxford and Mortimer. Preambles
to Patents of Honour ufually carry in them a fhort Account of the
Dignity of the Family, and of the Services of the Perfbn advanced :
But his Preamble was very pompous, and fct him out in the moft
extravagant Charaders that Flatterers could invent; in particular it
faid, that he had redeemed the Nation from Robbery, had rcftored
Credit, and had rendered the Publick great Service in a courfe of
many Years : All this was fet out in too fuLome Rhetorick, and
being prepared by his own Diredion, pleafed him fo much, that
whereas all other Patents had been only read in the Houfe of Lords,
this was printed. He was at the fame time made Lord Treafurer,
and became the chief, if not fole Minifler, for every thing was ci*
reded by him. It foon appeared, that his Strength lay in managing
Parties, and in engaging weak People by Rewards and Prcmifcs,
to depend upon him ; but tliat he neither thoroughly underftood
the Bufinefs of tlie Treafury, nor the Condud of foreign Affairs.
But he trufted to his Litereft in the Queen and in the Favourite.

He faw the Load, that the carrying on the War muft bring Xc^oria-
iipon him ; fo he refolved to ffrike up a Peace as foon as was pel- I'erce wkH
lible. The Earl of yerfey had fome Correlpondcnce in Paris and '^""'■"^
2X St. Germains^ fo he trufted the Condud of the Negotiadon to
him. The Duke of Newcajlle^ v/ho was Lord Privy Seal, died

of

580 The Wist OKY of the Reign

I -^ 1 1 , of an Apoplexy in Jidy^ being the richeft Siibjedl that had been
in Eno-landiox fome Ages; he had an Eflate of above 40000 /.
a-year, and was much fet on encreafing it. Upon his Death it
was refoh/ed to give the Earl of "Jerfey the Privy Seal ; but he died
fuddenly the very day in which it was to be given him; upon that
it was conferred on Robin fon^ Bifliop of 5r //?<?/, who was defigned
to be the Plenipotentiary in the Treaty, that was projeded. One
Prior^ who had been yerfey\ Secretary, upon his Death, was im-
ployed to profecute that, which the other did not live to fihiih.
Prior had been taken a Boy, out of a Tavern, by the Earl of
Dorfet, who accidentally found him reading Horace \ and he, be-
ing very generous, gave him an Education in Literature: He was
fent to the Court of France in Scpte77tber^ to try on what Terms
we might expedt a Peace ; his Journey was carried on fecretly ;
but upon his Return, he was ftopt at Dover \ and a Packet, that
he brought, was kept, till an Order came from Court to fet him
free : And by this Accident the Secret broke out. Soon after
that, one Mefnager was fent over from France, with Preliminaries;
but very different from thofe, that load been concerted at the
Hague, two Years before.

By thefe, the Kingofi^r^;?c^ offered, to acknowledge the Queen,
and the Succeffion to the Crown, according to the prefent Settle-
ment ; and that he would bona fide enter into fuch Meafures, that
the Crowns of Frajice and Spain fhould never belong to the fame
Perfon ; that he would fettle a lafe and proper Barrier to all the
Allies ; that he would raze Dunkirk, provided an Equivalent
fhould be given, for deftroying the Fortifications, he had made
there, at fo great an Expence ; and that he would procure both
to England apd to the States the re-eftablilhing of their Com-
merce. The Court was then at ^/;^«y/or: Thefe Propositions were
fo well entertained at our Court, that a Copy of them was or-
dered to be given to Comii Gal/as, the Emperor's Minifter; he
treated thefe Offers with much Scorn, and printed the Prelimina-
ries in one of our News-Papers ; foon after that, he was ordered
to come no more to Court, but to make hafte out of England.

The proceeding was fevere and unufual; for the common Me-
tliod, when a Provocation was given by a Publick Minifter, was
to complain of him to his Mafter, and to defire him to be recalled.
It was not then known upon what this was grounded; that which
was furmized was, that his Secretary Gaultier (who was a Prieft)
betrayed him ; and difcovered his fecret Correlpondence, and the
Advertifements he fent the Emperor, to give him ill Impreffions
of our Court ; for which Treachery he was rewarded with an
Abbey in France : But of this I have no certain Information.

When

Prelimina-
ries offered
by France.

Coiitn Ga7-
hsicni a-
way wkIi
Dilgrace.

of ^een Anne. 5B1

When our Court was relblved on this Proje(5l ; they knew the 1 71 1 .
Lord TownJJjend fo well, that they could not depend on his ferv- ^^^T^p^
ing their ends ; fo he was both recalled and difgraced : And snaffbrd
the Lord Raby was brought from the Court of Prujftay and ad- fajor to
vanced to be Earl of Strafford, and fent Ambaflador to Hollatid. ""•''''"•'•
It was not then known, how far our Court carried the Negotia-
tions with France ; it was not certain, whether they only ac-
cepted of thefe Preliminaries, as a Foundation for a Treaty, to be
opeiied upon them ; or if any private Promife or Treaty was
fig.ied : This laft was very pofitively given out, both in France
and Spain. The very treating, without the concurrence of our
Allies, was certainly an open Violation of our Alliances, which
had exprefsly provided againft any fuch Negotiation.

Many mercenary Pens were fet on work, to juftify our Pro- ^an- Libels
ceedings, and to defame our Allies, more particularly the Dutch ; a?;^'"^^ ^-^
this was done with much Art, but with no regard to Truth, in
a Pamphlet entitled the ConduSi of the Allies, and of the late Mi-
7iijiry ; to which very full Anfwcrs were writtcnj detecting the
Thread of Falfhood, that ran thro' that Work. It was now
faid, England was fo cxhaufted, that it was impoflible to carry
on the War : And when King Charles was chofen Emperor, it
was alfo faid, he would be too great and too dangerous to all
his Neighbours, if Spain were join'd to the Emperor and to the
Hereditary Dominions : It was alfo zealoufly, tho' moft falfelyj
infufed into the Minds of the People, that our Allies, moft par-
ticularly the Dutch, had impofed on us, and failed us on many
occafions. The Jacobites did, with the greater Joy entertain
this Profpedl of Peace, becaufe the Dauphin had, in a Vifit to
-iSV. Gennains, congratulated that Court upon it ; which made
them conclude, that it was to have a happy effedl, with relation
to the Pretenders Affairs.

Our Court denied this; and fent the Earl o{ Rivers to //i?- Earl K/vcry
nover, to aflure the Eledlor, that the Qiieen would take efpecial nover, but
care, to have the Succeflion to the Crown fecured to his Fa- 1!!!;'^°'^'^"^
mily, by the Treaty that was to be opened : This made little
impreifion on that Eledor ; for he faw clearly, that li Spain and
the Wejl-Indies were left to King Philip, the French would foon
become the fuperiour Power to all the reft o{ Europe-, that
France would keep Spain in fubjedlion, and by the Wealth they
would fetch from the Indies, they would give Law to all a-
bout them, and fct what King they pleafcd on the Throne of
England. Earl Rivers ftaid a few days there, and brought an
Anfwer from the Eledor in Writing ; yet the Eleftor apprehend-
ed, not without rcafon, that it might be ftifled ; therefore he

Vol. II. 7 1 ordered

nor.

582 The History of the Reign

in 11. ordered his Minifter to give a full Memorial, to the famepurpofe,
*^ — ^'^-^ of which our Court took, no notice : But the Memorial was
translated and printed here, to the great fatisfadtion of all thofe,
who were afraid of the ill Defigns, that might be hid, under the
pretence of the Treaty then propofed.
The States The Earl of Strafford prefled the States^ to comply with the
o'x.nT'^ ^° Queen's Defire, of opening a Treaty: They anfwered very flovvly,
iieaiy. being defirous to fee how the Parliament was inclined ; but the
Parliament was prorogued from the 13th to the 29th oi Novel fi-
ber ^ and from that to the yth of December. It was alfo reported
in Holland^ that the Earl o^ Strafford (feeing the States flow in
granting the Paffports, and upon that apprehending thefe Delays
flowed from their expecting to fee, how the Parliament o^ Eng-
land approved of thefe Steps) told them plainly, that till they
agreed to a Treaty, and granted the Paffports, the Seflion fliould
not be opened : So they granted them, and left the Time and
Place of Treaty, to the Queen's Determination. She named
Utrecht as the Place of Congrefs, and the firfl of January O. S.
for opening it; and wrote a circular Letter to all the Allies, in-
viting them to fend Plenipotentiaries to that Place. The Empe-
ror fet himfelf vehemently to oppofe the Progrefs of this Matter ;
he fent Prince Etigreney to dilTuade the States from agreeing to it,
and offered a new Scheme of the War, that fhould be cafier to
the Allies, and lie heavier on himfelf: But the Paffports were
now fent to the Court of France \ that Court demanded Paff-
ports likewife, for the Plenipotentiaries of King Philip, and of the
Electors o{ Bavaria and Cologn: this was offered by our Court to
the States, they refufed it, but whether our Minifters then agreed
to it or nor, I cannot tell.
Endeavours Before the opening the Sellion, Pains were taken on many Per-
Court bc-'^ fons, to pcrfuadc them to agree to the Meafures the Court were
foiethcy f|-, • xh^Dulit oi Marlboroup-h, upon his comin": over, fpoke ve-

opeiT'd the . o ' r o ' i

luruin-cn:. ry plainly to the Queen againft the Steps, that were already made;
but he found her fo pofieffcd, that what he faid made no Im-
preffion, fo he deiired to be excufed from coming to Council,
lince he mufl oppofe every flep, that was made in that Affair.
Among others, the Queen Ipoke to myfelf; fhc faid, fhe hoped
Biff.ops would not be againft Peace : I faid, a good Peace was
what we prayed daily for, but the Preliminaries offered by France
gave no hopes Qf fuch an one ; and the trufting to the King of
Fra?ice\ Faith, after all that had pafs'd, would feem a flrange
thing. She faid, we were not to regard the Preliminaries ; we
fliculd have a Feice upon fuch a bottom, that we fhould not at
all rely on the King oi Fra?2ce\ Word ; but we ought to fufpend

our

of ^een Ann£. ^8^

our Opinions, till flic acquainted us with the whole Matter. I 171/,
asked Jeave to fpeak my Mind plainly ; which flic granted : I ' — v— '
faid, any Treaty by which Spain and the IVeJl-Indies were left
to King Philips muft in a little while deliver up all Europe into
the hands of Fra?jce ; and, if any flich Peace fhould be made,
fhe was betrayed, and we were all ruined ; in lefs than three
Years time, fhe would be murdered, and the Fires would be
again raifcd in Smithfielcl : I purfued this long, till I faw fhe
grew uneafy ; fo I withdrew.

On the feventh of Z)^c^/«(^^r, fhe opened the Parliament: In ths Queen's
her Speech (he faid, notwithftanding the Arts of thofe who de- fjSJ nvo"'
lighted in War, the Time and Place were appointed for treating Houici.
a general Peace ; her Allies, efpecially the States^ had by their
ready concurrence exprefled an entire Confidence in her ; and
fhe promilcd, to do her utmoft to procure rcafonable fatisfaftion
to them all : She demanded of the Houfe of Commons the ne-
ceflary Supplies, for carrying on the War ; and hoped that none
would envy her the Glory of ending it by a juft and honourable
Peace ; flie in particular recommended Unanimity, that our Ene-
mies might not think us a divided People, which might prevent
that good Peace, of which flie had fuch reafonable Hopes, and
fo near a View.

The Speech gave occafion to many Reflexions ; 7!5^ j^^rts (?/'l'^f•fleaion^
thofe who delighted in War feemed to be levelled at the Duke of "'^"'
Marlborough^ and the Preliminaries concerted at the Hague ;
her faying, that the Allies repofed an entire Confidence in her,
amazed all thofe who knew, that neither the Emperor nor the
Empire had agreed to the Congrefs, but wxre oppofing it with
great Vehemence ; and ^hat even the States were far from being
cordial or eafy, in the fteps that they had made.

After the Speech, a Motion was made in the Houfe of Lords, Earl of Ne/-
to make an Addrefs of Thanks to the Qiieen for her Speech ; mo/eX thac
upon this, the Earl o{ Nottinghaift did very copioully fet forth the ""jy'^'^
neceflity of having Spain and the Wejl Indies^ out of the hands fffcj uni^r.-
of a Prince of the Houfe o{ Bourbon \ he moved that, with their the'^4?-
Addrcfs of Thanks, they fliould offer that as their Advice to the ^"f''^"'"'
Queen ; he fet forth the Mifcry that all Europe^ but Efigland mofl the Houfe
particularly, mufl be under, if the Wejl-hidies came into a
French Management; and that King Philips poflefling them was,
upon the Matter, the putting them into the hands of France.
This was much oppofed by the Minifters ; they moved the re-
ferring that Matter to another occafion, in which it might be
fully debated ; but faid, it was not fit to clog the Addrefs with
it. Some oilicious Courtiers faid, that fince Peace and War be-
longed

584 72?^ History of the Reign

17H. longed, as Prerogatives to the Crown, it was not proper t6 offer
^^-'^ — -* any Advice in thofe Matters, 'till it was asked : But this was re-
jected with Indignation, fince it was a conftant Pradice in all
SeiHons of Parliament, to offer Advices ; no Prerogative could be
above Advice ; this was the end fpecified in the Writ, by which a
Parliament was fuinmoned ; nor was the Motion for a Delay re-
ceived. Tlie Eyes of all Europe were upon the prefent Seilion ;
and this was a Poft-Night : So it was fit they fhould come, to a
Agreed to prefent Refolution, in a matter of fuch importance. The Quef-
^Q^ll ^^°^^ w^^ P^^> whether this Advice fhould be part of the Addrefs ;
and the previous Queftion being firft put, it was carried by one
Voice to put it ; and the main Queftion was carried by three
Voices: fo this Point was gained, tho' by a fmall Majority. The
fame Motion was made in the Houfe of Commons, but was re-
jeded by a great Majority ; yet in other refpeds their Addrefs was
well couched : for they faid, they hoped for a juft, honourable,
and lafting Peace, to her Majefty and to all her Allies.

When the Addrefs of the Lords was reported to the Houfe, by
the Committee appointed to prepare it, the Court tried to get the
whole matter to be contefted over again, pretending that the De-
bate was not now, upon the matter, debated the day before, but
only whether they fhould agree to the Draught, prepared by the
Committee: But that part of it, which contained the Advice, was
conceived in the very Words, in which the Vote had pafs'd ; and
it was a ftanding Rule, that what was once voted, could never
again be brought into queftion, during that Seffion. This was fo
facred a Rule, that many of thofe, who voted with the Court the
Day before, expreffed their Indignation againft it, as fubverting
tiie very Conftitution of Parliaments, if things might be thus voted
and unvoted again, from day to day : Yet even upon this a Divi-
fion was called for, but the Majority appearing fo evidently againft
the Motion, it was yielded, without counting the Houfe.
TheQiieen's Wlicu the Addrcfs was prefented to the Queen, her Anfwer
Aniwer. ^y^g ; fhc was forry, that any fliould think, fhe would not do her
utmoft to hinder Spain and the Wefi-Indies^ from remaining in
the hands of a Prince of the Houfe of Bourbon : And the Lords
returned her Thanks for this gracious Anfwer ; for they under-
ftood, by the doing her utmoft, was meant the continuing the
War. The Court was much troubled to fee the Houfe of Lords
fo backward ; and botli fides ftudied to fortify themfelves, by
bringing up their Friends, or by getting their Proxies.
ABiiiagaind: The ncxt Motion was made by the Earl oi Notwigham^ for
Confor^' ^^^^^ *-^ bring in a Bill againft Occafional Conformity : He told
nuty. thofe, with whom he now joined, that he was but One Man come

over

of ^ecn Anne. 585

over to them, unlefs he could carry a Bill to that effect; but, if lyn.
they would give way to that, he hoped he fliould be able to
bring many to concur with them in other things. They yielded
this the more cafily, becaufe they knew that the Court had of-
fered, to the high Men in the Houfe of Commons, to carry any
Bill that they lliould defire in that Matter : The Earl of Nott'm-
vham promifedto draw it with all pofTible Temj^r. It was thus
prepared; that all Perfons in Places of Profit and Truftj and all
the Common-Council Men in Corporations, who fhould be at
any Meeting for Divine Worfliip (where there were above ten
Perfons, more than the Family) in which the Common Prayer
was not ufedj or where the Queen and the Princefs Sophia were
not prayed for, fhould upon Conviction forfeit their Place of
Truft or Profit, the WitneiTes making Oath within ten Days, and
the Profccution being within three Months after the Offence ;
and fuch Perfons were to continue incapable of any Imployment,
'till they fhould depofe, that for a whole Year together they had
been at no Conventicle. The Bill did alfo enadl, that the Tole-
ration fhould remain inviolable, in all time to come; and that
if any Perfon fhould be brought into Trouble, for not having ob-
ferved the Rules, that were prefcribed by the Ad that firfl:
granted the Toleration, all fuch Profecution fliould ceafe, upon
their taking the Oath prefcribed by that Ad : And a Teacher,
licenfed in any one County, was by the Bill qualified, to ferve
in any licenfed Meeting in any Part of England \ and by another
Claufe, all who were concerned in the Practice of the Law in
Scotland were required to take the /Ihjuration^ in the Month of
"June next.

No oppofition was made to this in the Houfe of Lords ; fo it PaOi-d wiiiv
pafTedin three Days; and it had the fame fate in the Houfe of JJJJ^^pp^""
Commons ; only they added a Penalty on the Offender of forty
bounds, which was to be given to the Informer : and fo it was
offered to the Royal Affent, with the Bill for four Shillings in
the Pound. Great Refledions were made on the fate of this Bill,
which had been formerly fo much contefted, and was fo often rc-
jeded by the Lords, and now went thro' both Houfcs, in fo filen"
a manner, without the leafl: oppofition : Some of the Diflenters
complained much, that they were thus forfaken by their Friends,
to whom they had trufted ; and the Court had Agents among
them, to inflame their Refentments, fince they were facrificed
by thofe, on whom they depended. All the exeufe that the
Whigs made, for their eafinefs in this Matter, was, That they gave
way to it, to try how far the yielding it might go toward quiet-
ing the Fears of thofe, who feemed to think the Church was ftill

Vo L. IL 7 K in

586 The History of the Reign

171 1.

in danger, 'till that Ad pafs'd ; and thereby to engage thefe, to
concur with them, in thofe important Matters that might come
before them. It miift be left to Time to fhew, what good effect
this A61 may have on the Church, or what bad ones it may have
on Diffenters.
DukcH^- Tlie next point that occafioned a great Debate in the Houfe of
wj//«/s Pa- Lords, which was efpoufed by the Court with great Zeal, was a
miiicJ. Patent creating Duke Ha7?iilton^ a Duke in Efigland : Lawyers
were heard for the Patent, the Queen's Prerogative in conferring
Honours was clear ; all the Subjeds of the United Kingdom* had
likewife a Capacity of receiving Honour; the Commons o^ Scot-
land had it unqueftionably ; and it feemed a ftrange Affertion,
that the Peers of that Nation fhould be the only Perfons, incapa-
ble of receiving Honour : By the Adl of Union the Peers of Scot-
land were, h 'virtue of that Treaty, to have a Reprefentation of
• ^ Sixteen, for their whole Body; thefe Words, by virtue of that

Treaty, feemed to intimate, that by Creation or Succeffion they
might be made capable. And, in the Debate that followed in
the Houfe, the Scotch Lords, who had been of the Treaty, af-
iirmed that thefe Words were put in on that defign: And upon
this, they appealed to the Englip Lords : This was denied by
none of them. It was alfo urged, that the Houfe of Lords had
already iudged the Matter, when they not only received the
Duke of ^iee?isbury, upon his being created Duke o^ Dover ;
but had fo far affirmed his being a Peer o^ Great Britain, that
upon that account, they had denied him the Right of Voting in
the Eledion of the Sixteen Peers of Scotland. But in oppoiition
to all this, it was faid. That the Prerogative could not operate
when it was barred by an A61 of Parliament ; the A6t of tfnioij
had made all the Peers o^ Scotland, Peers oi Great Britain, as to
all Intents, except the Voting in the Houfe of Lords, or fitting in
judgment on a Peer ; and as to their Voting, that was vefted in
their Reprefentatives, by whom they voted : The Queen might
give them what Titles fhe pleafed ; but this Incapacity of Voting,
oth^rwife than by thefe Sixteen, being fettled by Law, the Pre-
rogative was by that limited as to them : They had indeed ad-
iiHtted the Duke of .^/^^w^^rv to fit among them, as Duke of
Dover ; but that Matter was never brought into debate; fo it was
only paffed over in filence : And he was mentioned in their
Booksy upon the occafion of his voting in the Choice of the Six-
teen Peers.of Scotland, in Terms that were far from determining
this ; for it was there faid, that Ke claiming to be Duke o^ Dover,
could not vote as a Scotch Peer. The Scotch Lords infifted, in ar-
guing for the Patent, with great vehemence, not without Inti-
< mations

of ^een AnxVe. 587

mations of the difmal Effedis, that might follow, if it flioiilcl go iju.
in the Negative. The Court put their whole Strength to fiipport '>—-%'— J
the Patent ; this heightened the Zeal of thofe, who oppofed it :
For they apprehended, that confidering the Dignity and the An-
tiquity of the Scotch Peers, and the Poverty of the greater part of
them, the Court would always have recourfe to this, as a fiirc
Expedient to have a conftant Majority in the Houfe of Lords.
There was no limitation indeed on the Prerogative, as to the
Creation of new Peers, yet thefc were generally Men of Eftatcs,
who could not be kept in a conftant dependance, as fome of the
Scotch Lords might be.

The Qiieen heard all the Debate, which lafted fome Hours ; judged a-
in conclufion, when it came to the final Vote, fifty-two voted ^"^'""^ ^'™"
fpr the Patent, and fifty-feven againft it. The Queen and the Mi-
niftecs feemed to be much concerned at this, and the Scotch were
enraged at it : They met together, and figned a Reprefentation
to the Queen, complaining of it as a Breach of the Union, and a
Mark of Difgrace put on the whole Peers o^ Scotland) adding
folemn Promiles of maintaining her Prerogative, either in an
united or feparated State. This made the Minifters refolve on
another Method to let the Peers, and indeed the whole World
lee, that they would have that Houfe kept in a conftant de-
pendance on the Court, by creating fuch a number of Peers at
once, as fhould give them an unqueftionable Majority. On the
twenty-fecond of December the Bill for four Shillings in the
Pound vvas ready for the Royal Aftent ; yet the Houfe of Com-
mons adjourned to the fourteenth o{ January ^ which was a long
Recels in fo critical a time.

A Motion was Hiade in the Houfe of Lords, by the Duke of The Lords
Devo7tJhire) for leave to bring in a Bill, to give the Prince Elec- our S Li "
toral oi Hanover, as Duke oi Catnbrid^e^ the Precedence of all "^'•^'"j';

' o ' carncfl along

Peers; this was granted, and fo was like to meet with no oppo- wichusin
fition. The Earl of JV(?///«^^i2OT moved next, that before their ^ '^ '^*^'*'
Recefs, they fliould make an Addrefs to the Qiieen, defiring her
to order her Plenipotentiaries to concert, with the Minifters of
the Allies, the Grounds upon which they were to proceed in their
Treaties, and to agree on a mutual Guaranty to fecure them to
us, as well as to all Europe^ and in particular to fecure the Pro-
teftant Succeftion to Efigland. All the oppofirion that the Court
made to this wns, to fhew it was needlels, for it was already or-
dered : And the Lord Treafurer faid, the Lords might, in order
to their fatisfadlion, fend to examine their Inftrudions. To this it
was anfwered, that the offering fuch an Addrefs would fortify ^

the Plenipotentiaries, 'u\ executing their Inftrudions. The Court

» nioi'ed,

588 The HisroKY of the Reign

1711. movedj that thefe Words might be put in the Addrefs, jf the
^ — V — ' ^ee/i had not ordered it ; fo, this being agreed to, the thing

pafTed ; and the Lords adjourned to the fecond of yanuary.
DiTcoveries ^^^ ^ ^^^^ Scene was ready to be opened in the Houfe of Com-
of Bribery jyions 1 the Commiilioners for examining; the PubHck Accounts

PrctciiQcd.

made fome Dilcoveries, upon which they intended to proceed, at
their next Meeting. TFalpole^ who had been Secretary of War,
and who had appeared with great Firmnefs in the defence of the
late Miniftry, was firft aimed at ; a Bill had been remitted to him
of 500 /. by thofe who had contradled to forage the Troops," that
lay in Scotland \ this made way to a Matter of mote Importance :
A Jew^ concerned in the Contradl for furnifhing Bread to the
Army in Flanders^ made a Prefent yearly to the Duke of Marl-
borough of between 5 and 6000 /. The General of the States
had the like Prefent, as a Perquifite to fupport his Dignity, and to
enable him to procure Intelligence: The Qiiecn ordered loooo/.
a-year more to the Duke of Marlborough^ for the fame Service: The
late King had alfo agreed, that Two and a hAi per Cent, fhould
be deduced out of the Pay of the foreign Troops, which amounted
to 15000/. This the Queen had by a Warrant appointed the
Duke of Marlborough to receive, on the fame account.
The Duke He heard his Enemies had difcovered the Prefent, made him by
rLgl^aimed the Jcw^ while he was beyond Sea ; fo he wrote to them, and
"^- owned the whole Matter to be true, and added, that he had ap-

plied thefe Sums to the procuring good Intelligence, to which, next
to the Bleffing of God and the Bravery of the Troops, their con-
ftant Succeffes were chiefly owing. This did not fatisfy the Com-
miilioners ; but, tho' no Complaints were brought from the Army,
of their not being conftantly fupplied with good Bread, yet they
faw here was Matter to raife a Clamour, which they chiefly aimed
at ; fo this was reported to the Houfe of Commons before their
Reccfs.

He is turned ^ ^^"^ ^^7^ ^^^^^ ^'^^^j ^^ Qucen wrotc him a Letter, complain-
out of aii his ing of the ill Treatment fhe received from him, and difcharged
™'? him of all his Imployments: This was thought very extraordinary,
after fuch long and eminent Services ; fuch Accidents, when they
happen, flicw the Inftability of all human things ; this was indeed
fo little expc6led, that thofe who looked for Precedents, could
find none fmcc ihe Difgrace o^Belifarius 'm.yujlinian\ time: The
only thing pretended to excufe it was, his being confidered as the
Head of thofe, who oppofed the Peace, on which the Court
feemed to fet their Hearts.
Twelve new But they, liudiug the Majority of the Houfe of Lords could not
Peers ma c. j^^ bj-Qyght to favoui tlicir Defigus, refolved to make an Experiment,

that

of ^een Anne. 5 80

tiiat none of our Princes had ventured on in former times: A lyrr;
Refolution was taken up very fuddenly of making twelve Peers all
at once ; three of thefc were called up by Writ, being cldeft Sons
of Peers; and nine more were created by Patent. Sir Milei
Wharton^ to whom it was offered, refufed it: He thought it
looked like the ferving a Turn ; and that, whereas Peers were
wont to be made for Services they had done, he would be made
for Services to be done by him ; {o he excufed himlelf, and the
Favourite's Husband, Mr. Majjam^ was put in his room. And
whereas formerly "Jefferies had the Vanity to be made a Peerj
while he was Chief Juftice, which had not been pradlifed for
fome Ages ; yet the Precedent let by him was followed, and
Trevor, Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas, was now advanced
to be a Peer. This was looked upon as an undoubted part of the
Prerogative ; fo there was no ground in Law to oppofe the re-
ceiving the new Lords iiito the Houle: Nor was it poflible to
raife, in the ancient Peers, a lenfe of the Indignity that was now
put upon their Houfe ; fince the Court did by this openly de-
clare, that tl'.ey were to be kept in abfolute Submiifion and
Obedience.

When the fecond o^ January c^me, they Were all introduced lyii.
into the Houfe of Lords without any oppoiition ; and when .Jiijj^^^ — i
that was overj the Lord Keeper delivered a Meffage from the MciTage to
Queen, commanding them to adjourn forthwith to the fourteenth; lo^adjoLrn,
for by that time her Majefty would lay Matters of great Impor- difputed,^
tance before the two Houfcs. Upon this a great Debate arofe ;
it was faid, that the Queen could not fend a Meflage to any one
Houfe to adjourn, when the Uke Meilage was not fent toboth Houfes:
the Pleafure of the Prince, in convening, diffolving, proroguing^
or ordering the Adjournment of Parliaments, Was always dire<3:ed
to both Houfes ; but never to any one Ploufe, without the fame
Intimation was made, at the fame time, to the other. Thd confe-
quence of this, if allowed, might be the ordering one Houfe to
adjourn, while the other vVas left to fit ftill ; and this might end
in a total disjointing of the Conftitution : The Vote was carried for
adjourning, by the weight of the twelve new Peers. It is true,
the Odds in the Books is thirteen ; but that was, becaufe one of
the Peers, who had a Proxy, without reflecting on it, went
away when the Proxies were called fon

At this time Prince Eugene was fent by the Emperor to £«^- Prince e*-
iand, to try if it was pollible to engage our Court, to go on^"*^ ^^^^^'^
\vith the War ; offering a new Scheme, by which he took a much
larger fhare of it on himfelf, than the late Emperor would bear.

Vol. II. 7 L That

590 77yc' History of the Reign

171 2. That Prince's Charader was fojuftly high, that all People for
^^ — ^ — ' fome Weeks preiled about the Places, where he was to be feen,
to look on him ; I had the honour to be admitted at feveral
times, to much difcourfe with him ; his Charader is fo uni-
verfally known, that I will fay nothing of him, but from
what appeared to myfejf Pie has a moft unaffeded Modefty,
and does fcarcely bear the Acknowledgments, that all the World
pay him : He defcends to an eafy Equality with thofe, with
^.hom he converfes ; and feems to afliime nothing to hirnfeif,
while he reafons with others ; He was treated with great refped
by both Parties ; but he put a diftinguifhed Refped on the Duke
of Marlborough-, with whom he pafled moft of his Time. The
Queen ufed him civilly, but not with the Diftindion, that was
due to his high Merit : Nor did he gain much ground with the
Minifters.
AMeffagc When the fourteenth o^ January came, the Houfes were or-
Ho^ilfo. dered to adjourn to the eighteenth, and then a Meflage was fent
to both Houfes ; the Queen told them, the Congrefs was opened,
and that fhe would fet a day for ending it, as well a$ fhe had done
for opening it. She had ordered her Plenipotentiaries, to agree
with the Minifters of her Allies, according to all her Treaties
with them ; to obtain reafonable fatisfadion to their Demands ;
in particular concerning Spain and the JVeJl Indies ; by which,
the falfe Reports of ill-defigning Men, who, for evil ends, had
reported that a feparate Peace was treated, would appear, for
there was never the leaft Colour givTn for this. She alfo pro-
mifed, that the Articles of the Treaty fhould be laid before the
Houfes, before any thing fhould be concluded. Upon this, the
Houfe of Lords agreed to an Addrefs, thanking her Majefty, for
communicating this to them, and for the Promifes fhe had made
thern, repeating the Words in which they were made: it was
moved to add the Words, Cofifortn to her Alliance \ but it was
faid, the Queen aflured them of that, fo the repeating thefe Words
feemed to intimate a Diftruft ; and that was not carried. But,
becaufe there feemed to be an Ambiguity in the mention made of
Spain and the JVefi-lndies., the Houfe exprefled, in what fenfe
they underftood them, by adding thefe Words, Which 'mere of
the greatefi importance to the Safety and Commerce of thefe Na-
tions. The Commons made an Addrefs to the fame purpose, in
which they only named Spain and th^Wefi- Indies.
A Bill giving The Lord Treafurer prevented the Duke oi Devonfjire^ who
wtTe Houfe ^^*^ prepared a Bill for giving Precedence to the Duke of Cam-
oi Hanover. hridge\ for hc offered a Bill, giving Precedence to the whole
Eledoral Family, as the Children and Nephews of the Crown;

and

of §lueen Ann£, 591

and it was intimated, that Bills relating to Honours and PreCe- i-^f^.
dence ought to come from the Crown : The Duke o^DevonJhire <— -v— *J
would make no difpute on this head; if the thing paflcd, he ac-
quiefced in the riianncr of paffing it, only he thought it lay within
the Authority of the Houfe. On this occafion, the Court feemcd,
even to an Affedlation, to fhew a particular Zeal in promoting
this Bill : For it paiTed thro' both Houfes in two Days, it being
read thrice in a Day, in them both. For all this hafte, the Court
did not feem to defign any fuch Bill, till it was propofed by others,
out of whofe hands they thought fit to take it. There were two
other Articles, in the Queen's Meflage ; by the one, ibe defired
their Advice and Afliftance, to quiet the Uneafinefs, that the
Peers oi Scotland were under, by the Judgment lately given : By
the other, {he complained of the Licence of the Prefs, and defired
fome Rcftraint might be put upon it. The Lords entred upon
theConfiderationof that part of the Queen's MefTage, that related Debates
to the Peers oi Scotland -y and it took up almoft a whole Week. ["SS^
The Court propofed, that an Expedient might be found, that ^'^"^■
the Peers of Scotland fhould not fit among them by Eledion*
but by Defcent, in cafe the reft of the Peers of that Nation fhould
confent to it : A Debate followed concerning the Articles of the
Union, which of them were fundamental and not alterable;
it was faid, that by the Union no private JRight could be taken
away, but by the Confent of the Perfons concerned ; therefore
no Alteration could be made in the Right of the Peers of Scot--
laitdy unlefs they confented to it. It was afterwards debated,
whether an Alteration might be made with this condition, in cafe
they fhould confent to it ; or whether the firft Rife to any fuch
Alteration ought not to b - given, by a previous Defire. This
was not fo fubjed to an ill Management ; the Court ftudied to
have a fubfequent Confent received as fufficient; but a previous
Defire wasinfifted on, as vifibly fairer andjufter.

The Houfe of Commons, after the Recefs, entred on the Ob- waipoie'%
fervations of the CoaimifTioners for taking the Publick Accounts; '^^^^^
and began with Walpole-i whom they refolved to put out of the
way of difturbing them in the Houfe. The thing laid to his
charge ftood thus ; after he, as Secretary of War, had contradled
with fome for Forrageto the Horfe, that lay Vi\Scotland\ he, find-
ing that the two Perfons who contraded for it made fome gain
by it, named a Friend of his own as a third Perfon, that he might
have a fhare in the Gain; but the other two had no mind to let
him in, to know the Secret of their Management; fo they offered
him 500/. for his Share; he accepted of it, and the Money was
remitted. But they, not knowing his Addrefs, dircded theif

Bill

59^ 51?^ History of the Reign

in 12. V>\\\x.olFalpoley who endorfed it, and the Perfon concerned re-
^ii^-sr-^ ceived the Money ; this was found out, and Walpole was charged
with it as a Bribe, that he had taken for his own ufe, for making
the Contraft. Both the Ferfons that remitted the Money, and he
who received it were examined, and affirmed that Walpole was
neither directly nor indireftly concerned in the Matter ; but the
Houfe infifted upon his having endorfed the Bill, and not only
Voted this a Corruption, but fent him to the Tower, and ex-
pelled him the Houfe.
TheCen- The ncxt Attack was on the Duke o^ Marlborough : The Money
ISuk^of received from the Jew, was faid to be a Fraud j and that, deducted
A^ariho- j)y^ q£ ^e Pay of the Foreign Troops, was (aid to be Publick Mo-
ney, and to be accounted for: The Debate held long; it appeared^
that during the former War, KingPFilliam had 50000/. a-year
for Contingencies ; it was often reckoned to have coft much more.
The Contingency was that Service, which could be brought to no
certain head, and Was chiefly for procuring Intelligence ; the Duke
o^ Marlborough had only loooo/. for the Contingencies; that and
all the other //^wj joined together, amounted but.to 30000/. aSum
much inferiour to what had been formerly given ; and yet, with
this moderate Expence, he had procured fo good Intelligence,
that he was never furprized, and no Party he lent out was evei*
intercepted or cut off. By means of this Intelligence, all his De-
figns were fo well concerted, that he fucceeded in every one of
them, and by many Inftances, the exadlnefs of his Intelligence was
fully demonitrated. It was proyed, both by Witneffes, and by for-
mal Atteftations from Holland, that ever flnce the Year 1672,
the jews had made the like Prefent to the General of the States
Arniy ; and it was underftood as a Pcrquiiite belonging to that
Command : No Bargain was made with the Jews for the Englijh
Troops, that made by the States being applied to them ; fo that
it appeared, that the making fuch a Prefent to the General was
cuftomary; but that was denied: And they voted, the taking
tliat Prefent to be illegal; and, tho' he had ;"he Queen's Warrant
to receive the Sixpence in the Pound, or Two and a \\s\i per Cent.
dcdudted from the Pay of the Foreign Troops, yet that was voted
to be unwarrantable, and that it ought to be accounted for. The
Court cfpoufed this with fuch Zeal, and paid io well for it, that
it was carried by a great Majority: Upon this, many virulent M'^ri-^
^Jany Libels ters (vvhcthcr fct ou to it, or officioufly ftudying to merit by it,
sgainfthim. jj^j j^qj- appear) threw out, in many defamatory Libels, a great
deal cf their Malice againft the Duke di Marlborough : They
compared him to Catiline, to Crajfus, and to Anthony ; and ftu-
died to leprefent him as a Robber of the Nation, and as a publick

Enemy.

I

of ^een Anne. 593

Enemy. This gave'an Indignation to all, who had a fenfe of 1712*
Gratitude, or a regard to Juftice ; in one of thefe fcurrilous Pa- ^-^ — ^ — ^
pers, wrote on defign to raife the Rabble againll him, one of the
Periods began thus, He was perhaps once fortunate. I took occa-
fion to let Prince Eugene fee the Spite of thefe Writers, and men-
tioned this Paffage ; upon which he made this pleafant Reflec-
tion, That it was the greatefl Commendation could be given him,
lince he was always fuccefsful; fb this implied, that in one finglc
Infbnce he might be fortunate, but that all his other Succefles
were owing to his Condud:. I upon that faid, that fingle Inftance
mufl be then his efcaping out of the hands of the Party, that took
him, when he was failing down the Maefe in the Boat. But their III-
Will refted not in Defamation ; the Queen was prevailed on to
fend an Order to the Attorney-General, toprofecute him for the
15000 /. that was deduced yearly out of the Pay of the Foreign
Troops, which he had received by her own Warrant : But what
this will end in, mufl be left to Time.

The Duke of Ortnond was declared General, and had the firft
Regiment of Guards; and the Earl o{ Rivers was made Mafler of
the Ordnance, in his room.

Secret Enquiries were made, in order to the laying more Load His irino-
on the Duke of Marlborough^ and to fee whether Pofls in the ^""d m-
Army, or in the Guards were fold by him ; but nothing could be '^'^''^•>-
found : He had fufFered a Practice to go on, that had been begun
in the late King's time, of letting OfHcers fell their CommifHons;
but he had never taken any part of the Price to himfelf : Few
thought that he had been fo clear in that Matter ; for it was the
only thing, in which now his Enemies were confident, that fome
Difcoveries would have been made to his prejudice ; fo that the
Endeavours ufed, to fearch into thofe Matters, producing no-
thing, raifed the Reputation of his incorrupt Adminiflration,
more than all his Well-wifhers could have expeded. Thus happy
does fbmetimes the Malice of an Enemy prove ! In this whole
Tranliicftion we faw a new Scene of Ingratitude, aded in a moft
imprudent manner; when the Man, to whom the Nation owed
more, than it had ever done in any Age to any SubjedV, or per-
haps to anyPerfon whatfbever, was for fome Months purfuedwith
fo much Malice: He bore it with Silence and Patience, with an
Exteriour that feemed always calm and cheerful; and^ tho' he
prepared a full Vindication of himfelf, yet he delayed publifhing
it, 'till the Nation fhould return to its Senfes, and be capable of
examining thefe Matters, in a more impartial manner.

The Scotch Lords, feeing no Redrefs to their Complaint, feemed The Scouh
tefolved to come no more to fit in the Houfe of Peers ; but the g<i'di?Spe,%

Vot. IL 7 M Court

594 ^^^ History of the Reign

17^2. Court was fenfible, that their Strength in that Houfe confifted
' — v~— ' chiefly in them, and in the new Peers: So Pains were taken,
and fecret forcible Arguments were ufed to them, which proved
fo effedtual, that after a few days Abience, they came back, and
continued, during the Seflion, to fit in the Houle. They gave it
out, that an Expedient would be found, that would be to the fa-
tisfadion of the Peers of Scotland : But, nothing of that appear-
ing, it was concluded that the Satisfadlion was private, and'per-
fonal. The great Arrear, into which all the regular Payments,
both of the Houiliold and of Salaries and PenAons was left to
run, made it to be generally believed, that the Income for the
Civil Lift, tho' it exceeded the Eftablifhment very far, was ap-
plied to other Payments, which the Minifters durfl: not own.
And, tho' fecret Pradlice on Members had been of a great while
too common, yet it was believed, that it was at this time ma-
naged, with in extraordinary Profufion.

Thole, who were fufpedled to have very bad Defigns, applied
themfelves with great induftry to drive on fuch Bills, as they
hoped would give the Presbyterians in Scotland fuch Alarms, as
might difpofe them to remonftrate, that the Union was broken.
They paffed not all at once ; but I fhall lay them together, be-
caufe one and the fame Deiign was purfued in them all.
ATo'cntioa A Tolcration was propofed for the Epifcopal Clergy, who
/"z/Lirmoy" would ufe the Liturgy of the Church o{ England', this feemed fo
iascotiaud. reafonable, that no oppoHtion was made to it : one Clau/eputin
it, occalioned great Complaints ; the Magiftrates, who by the
Laws were obliged to execute the Sentences of the Judicatories of
their Kirkt were by this Ad required, to execute none of them.
It was reafonable to require them to execute no Sentences, that
might be palled on any, for doing what was tolerated by this Act ;
but the carrying this to a general Claule, took away the Civil
Sanation, which in moft Places is looked on as the chief, if not
the only. Strength of Church Power. Thofe, who were to be
thus Tolerated, were required, by a Day limited in the Ad:, to
take the Oath of Abjuration; it was well known, that few, if
any of them, would take that Oath ; fo to cover them from it, a
^^^^"^'u Claufe was put in this Ad, requiring all the Presbyter}a?i Mi-
Frishyte- niftcrs to take it ; iince it feemed reafonable, that thole of the
legal Eftablifhment Aiould be required to take that, which was
now to be impoled on Thofe, who were only to be Tolerated. It
was well underftood, that there were Words in the Oath of Abju-
ration, to which the Pr^j/^/^W^;^^ excepted. Inthe Ad of SucceP.
iion, one of the Conditions on which the Succefibr was to be received,
was, his being of the Communion of the Church oi Engla?id; and

by

of ^een An UE. 595

by the Oath of Abjuration, the SuccefTion was fworn to, as limited 1712.
by that Adl : The Word Lunitation imported only th.e Entail of ' — >* — -
the Crown ; but it was fuggefted, that the Particle As^ related to
all the Conditions in that A61. This was fpread among fo
many of that Perfuafion, that it was believed a great Party among
them, would refufe to take it: So a fmall Alteration was made by
the Houfe of Lords of the fe Words, As ivas limited^ into Words
of the fame fenfe. Which was limited; but thofe, who intended
to excufe the Epifcopal Party, who they knew were in the Pre^
tenders Interefls, from taking the Oath, were for keeping in
thofe Words, which the Presbyterians fcrupled. The Commons
accordingly difagreed to the Amendment made by the Lords ;
and they receding from it, the Bill pals'd, as it had been fent up
from the Commons. Another Adl paffed for difcontinuing the
Courts of Judicature, during fome Days at Chrijlmas^ though the
obferving of Holidays was contrary to their Principles : This was
intended only to irritate them.

After that, an Adt was brought in, for the rcftoring of Patro- Patronjcrcs
nages \ thefe had been taken away by an Adt in King William\ '^'^'^'^'^^■
Reign ; it was fet up by the Presbyterians,^ from their firft Be-
ginning, as a Principle, that Parifhes had, from Warrants in
Scripture, a Right to chufe their Miniftcrs ; fo that they had al-
ways look'd on the Right of Patronage, as an Invafion made on
that : it was therefore urged, that fince, by the Ad: of Union,
Presbytery^ with all its Rights and Privileges, was inalterably fe-
cured, and Unce their Kirk-Sefllon was a Branch of their Con-
ftitution, the taking from them the Right of chuiing their Miniftcrs
was contrary to that Ad: Yet the Bill palled thro' both Houles, a
fmall oppoiitioh being only made in either. By thefe Steps the
Presbyterians were alarmed, when they faw the Succefs of every
Motion that v/as made, on defign to weaken and undermine
their Eftablifhment. '

Another Matter, of a mora publick nature, was at this time The Barrier
Jet on foot ; both Houfes of Parliament had, in the Year 1709, ^'^^'^^'
agreed in an Addrefs to the Queen, that the Proteftant Succeflion
might be fccured by a Guaranty, in the Treaty of Peace ; and
this was fettled at the Hague, to be one of the Preliminaries : But
when an end was put to the Conferences at Gertruydeftberg., the
Lord TovDnJhend was ordered to fet on a Treaty with the States to
that efFed:. They entertained it readily ; but at the fame time
they propofed, that England fhould enter into a Guaranty with
them, to maintain their Barrier ; which confifted of fome Places
they were to garrifon, the Sovereignty of which was ftill in the
Crown of Spain ; and of other Places, which had not belonged

to

596 The Wi^TOK^ of the Reign

1 7 1 2. to that Crown, at the Death of King Charles the Second, but had
been taken in the Progrefs of the War : for, by their Agreements
with us, they bore the Charge of the Sieges, and fo the Places
taken were to belong to them : Thefe were chiefly Lijle,
Tournayf Menin, and Doway ; and were to be kept flill by
them. But as for thofe Places, which, from the time of the
Treaty of the Pyrenees^ belonged to the Spaniards ; they had
been i'o ill looked after, by the Spanip Governours of Flandersy
who were more fet on enriching themfelves, and keeping a mag-
nificent Court at Brujfels, than on preferving the Country ; that
neither were the Fortifications kept in due Repair, nor the Maga-
zines furnifhed, nor the Soldiers paid: So that whenibever a
War broke out, the French made themfelves very eafily Maftcrs
of Places fo ill kept. The States had therefore propofed, during
this War, that the Sovereignty of thofe Places fhould continue ftill
to belong to the Crown oi Spain ; but they fhould keep Garri-
fons in the ftrongefl: and the moft expoled, in particular thole
that lay on the Lys and the Scheld\ and for the maintaining this,
they asked 1 00000 /. a-year from thofe Provinces; by which
means they would be kept better and cheaper than ever they had
been, while they were in the hands of the Spaniards : They alfo
asked a free PafTage for all the Stores, that they fhould fend to
thofe Places. This feemed to be fo reafonable, that fince the In-
tereft of England, as well as of the States, required that this Fron-
tier fhould be carefully maintained, the Miniflry were ready to
hearken to it : It was objeded, that in cafe of a War between
England and the States, the Trade of thofe Provinces would be
wholly in the hands of the Dutch-, but this had been fettled in the
great Truce, which, by the Mediation of France and England,
was made between the Spaniards and the States : There was a
provifional Order therein made, for the Freedom of Trade in
thofe Provinces ; and that was turned to a perpetual one, by the
Peace oi Munjler. King Charles of Spain had agreed to the main
of the Barrier; fome Places on the Scheldwere not neceflary for a
Frontier, but the States infifted on them, as neceflary to main-
tain a Communication with the Frontier ; the King of Prujfta
excepted likewife to fome Places in the Spanip Guelder. The
Lord Townjhend thou^t, that thefe were fuch inconfiderable Ob-
jedions, that tho' his Inftrudiions did not come up to every Par-
ticular, yet he figned the Treaty, known by the Name of the
Barrier Treaty: By it the States bound themfelves to maintain
the Queen's Title to her Dominions and the Proteftant Suc-
cefHon, with their whole Force ; and England was reciprocally
bound to afTift them in maintaining this Barrier.

Tlie

of ^een Ann E' 597

The mercenary Writers, that were hired to defend the Peace, 1 7 1 2.
then projeded with France^ attacked this Treaty with great Viru- J^^p — ^
lence, and by Arguments that gave juft Sufpicions of black De- piamcd o«.
figns: They faid, it was a Difgraceto this Nation, to engage any
other State to fecure the SucceiTIon among us, which perhaps we
might fee caufe to alter : Whereas by this Treaty, the States had
an Authority given them, to interpofc in our Counfels. It was
alfb faid, that if the States were put in poflcflion of all thofe
ftrong Towns, they might fhut us out from any fhare of Trade
in them, and might ered: our Manufa<^ures in Provinces, very ca-
pable of them : But it was anfwcred, that this could not be done,
as long as this Treaty continued in force, unlefs the Sovereign of
the Country fhould join with them againft us. Some objected to
the Settlement made at MA?«y?^r, asaTranflK^ionvvhenwewcrc in
fuch Confufion at home, that we had no Minifter there ; but
that Treaty had only rendred the Truce, and the provifional Set-
tlement made before, by the Mediation of England^ perpetual ;
and we had flnce acquiefced in that Settlement for above Sixty
Years. By examining into the Particulars of the Treaty it ap-
peared, that in fome inconfiderable Matters the Lord Townpjend
had gone beyond the Letter of his Inftrudions, in which he had
fo fully fatisfied the Miniftry, that tho' upon his lirft figning it,
fome Exceptions had been taken, yet thefe were pafTed over,
and the Treaty was ratified in form.

But the prefent Miniftry had other Views : They defigned to
fet the Queen at liberty from her Engagements by thefe Alliances,
and to difengage her from Treaties. The Houfe of Commons
went now very haftily into feveral Refolutions, that were very in-
jurious to the States : They pretended, they had failed in the
Performance of all Agreements, with relation to the Service, both
at Sea and Land; and as to the Troops, that were to have been fur-
nifhed in Portugal and Savoy, as well as the Subfidies due to thole
Princes. They fell next on the Barrier Treaty \ they gave it And con-
out, that the old Miniftry defigned to bring over an Army fromttTHoui?
Holla7id, whenfoever they fiiould, for other ends, pretend that "^^°'''^-
the Proteftant Succefilon was in danger ; and it was faid, there
was no need of any foreign Afliftance to maintain it. In the De-
bate, it was infifted on, that it could be maintained fafcly no
other way; it was not to be doubted, but the King oi France
would afiift the Pretender \ England was not inclined to keep up
a Standing Army, in time of Peace, to refift him : So that we
could not be fo fafe any other way, as by having the States en-
gaged, to lend over their Army, if it fhould be neceflary. But V
Reafon is a feeble thing, to bear down Refolutions already taken;
Vol. n. 7 N fo

598 The Hi s T o R Y of the Reign

171 2. fo the Houfe of Commons voted the Treaty difKonourable, and
'- ■' — "^ injurious to Engla^id-^ and that the Lord Townjhendh^d. gone be-
yond his Inftruc^ions in figning it; and that he and all, who had
advifed and ratified that Treaty, were pubHck Enemies to the
Kingdom. Thefe Votes were carried by a great Majority, and
were looked on as ftrange Preludes to a Peace. When the States
heard, what Exceptions were taken to the Barrier Treaty^ they
wrote a very refpectful Letter to the Queen, in which they offered
to explain or mollify any part of it, that was wrong underftood ;
but the Managers of the Houfe of Commons got all their Votes to
be digefted, into a well-compofed inflaming Reprefentation, which
was laid before the Queen ; by it all the Allies, but moft particu-
larly the States, were charged for having failed in many Par-
ticulars, contrary to their Engagements : They alfo laid before
the Qrieen the Votes they had made, with relation to the Barrier
Treaty ; and that they might name a great Sum, that would make
a deep Impre/Iion on the Nation (which was ready to receive all
things imphcitly from them) they faid England had been, during
the War, overcharged nineteen Millions, beyond what they ought
to have paid ; all which was caft on the old Miniftry.
The States 'p]-j£ States, in anfwer to all this, drew up a large Memorial,
ihcmfeives. in whicli cvcry Particular in the Reprefentation was examined,
and fully anfwered : They fent it over to their Envoy, who pre-
fented it to the Queen ; but no notice was taken of it ; the End
was already ferved ; and the entring into a Difcullion about it,
could have no other effeft, but to confound thofe who drew it.
The two firft Heads of the States Memorial, that related to the
Service at Sea and in Flanders, were printed here, and con-
tained a full Anfwer to all that was charged on them, as to thofe
Matters ; to the ample Convidion of all, who examined the Par-
ticulars. The Houfe of Commons law the effedl this was like to
have ; fo they voted it a falfe, malicious, fcandalous, and injurious
Paper, and that the printing it was a Breach of Privilege : And to
ftop the printing the other Heads, they put the Printer in prifon;
this was a Confutation, to which no Reply could be made ; yet it
feemed to be a Confeffion, that their Reprefentation could not be
juflified, when the Anfwer to it was fo carefully flifled. The
Houfe of Commons went next to repeal the Naturalization Adl, in
which they met with no oppofltion.
Thcieif- The felf-denying Bill was brought into the Houfe of Commons,

drying Bill ^iw^^ as was Ordinary, it paffed eaflly there : the Scandal of Cor-
ruption was now higher than ever ; for it was believed Men were
not only bribed for a whole Seilion, but had new Bribes for parti-
cular Votes. The twelve new Peers being brouglit into the Houfe

of

of ^een Annjc:. ^ 599

t>f Lords, had irritated fo many tliefc, that for two Days, by all lyii,
the Judgments that could be made of the Houfe, the Bill was ' — «^"~*-'
likely to have pafs'd that Houfe : But upon fome prevailing Argu-
ments, IJbcretly and dextroufly applied to fome Lords, an Altera-
tion was made in it, by which it was loft : For whereas the Bill,
as it ftood, was to take place after the Determination ii^ the pre-
fent Parliament, this was altered, fo as that it fhould take place
after the Demife of the Queen ; fo it was no more thought on»

The Houfe of Commons voted tVvo Millions to be raifed by a
Lottery ; for which a Fund was created that might pay both Prin-^
cipal and Intereft in thirty- two Years.

I look next to Utrecht, where the Treaty was opened : Thd TbcTrcary
Emperor and the Empire fent their Minifters very late and unwil-^ ^„'^j''*^
lingly thither ; but they fubmitted to the Neceflity of their Af-,
fairs ; yet with this Condition, that the French Propofals (for
fo the Proportions, that were formerly called Preliminaries, came
to be named) fhould be no ground to proceed on ; and that a
new Treaty fhould be entred on, without any regard to them.
It was alfo agreed, to fave the lofs of time in fettling the Cere-
monial, that die Plenipotentiaries fhould affume no Charader of
Dignity, 'till all matters were adjufted, and mad€ ready for iign-
ing. The firft of 'Ja7iuary was the Day named for opening the
Congrefs; but they waited fome time for the Allies: In the be-^
ginning of February O. S. the Frefich made their Propofals in a
very high ftrain.

They promifed, that at the figning of the Treaty they would The vremb
own the Queen and the SuccelFion to the Crown, as fhe fhould ^^^
diredl; Spain and the Weft-Indies were to remain with King
Philip ; the Dominions m Italy, with the Iflands, except Sicily ^
were to go to the Emperor, and the Spanijh Netherlands to the
Eledior of Bavaria : The Trade was to be regulated, as it was
before the War ; fome Places in Canada were to be reftored to
England, with the freedom of Fifhery in Newfoundland y but
Placentia was to remain with the Frejjch : Dunkirk was offered
to be demolifhed ; but Life and Tournay were to be given for it :.
The States were to have their Demands for the Barrier ; and the
Frontier between France, the Empire, and Italy, was to be the
lame, that it was before the War ; by which Landau, Feneflrella^
and Exiles, were to be reftored to France. Theic Demands were
as extravagant, as any that France coidd have made, in the moft
profperous State of their Affairs : This filled the Allies with In-
dignation, and heightned the Jealoufy they had of a fecret Under-
ftanding, between the Courts oi England and France,

But

1*^ J

6co The History of the Reign

in 12. But a great Change happened in the Affiiirs of France^ at tliis
^- — "*- — -* v^ery time, that their Plenipotentiaries were making thefe Demands
of The two^ at Utrecht : The DaupJoinefs was taken fuddenly ill of a Surfeit,
Dauphn/s. ^^ ^^ ^^^ given oiit, aiid died in three days ; and within three or
four days after that, the Daiifhbi himfclf died ; and in a ^^vf days
after him, his eldeft Son, about five or fix Years old, died like-
wife J and his fecond Son, then about three Years old, was
thought to be in a dying condition : Thefe Deaths coming fo
quick one after another, firiwrk that Court : The King hifnfelf
was for fome days ill, but he foon recovered. Such repeated
Strokes were look'd on with amazement : Poifon was fufpedted,
as is ufual upon all fuch occafions; and the Duke of Orleans was
generally charged with it : He was believed to have dealt much
in Chymiftry, and was an ambitious Prince. While he was in
Spain, at the head of King Philips Army, he formed a Project
to fet him afide, and to make himfelf King of Spain ; in which,
as the Lord Townpend told me, he went fo far, that he try'd to
engage Mr. Stanhope, to prefs the Queen and the States to aflift
him, promifing to break with France, and to marry 'KingCharles''s
Dowager. This came to be difcovered : He was upon that called
out o{ Spain', and it was thought, that the only thing that faved
him, was the King's kindnefs to his Natural Daughter, whom
he had married. The King not only paft it over ; but foon after,
he obliged the Duke of Bej-ry to marry his Daughter : fuch care
had that old King taken, to corrupt the Blood of France, with
the mixture of his fpurious Ifliie. King Philip was not at all
pleafed with the Alliance; but wrote to his elder Brother, ex-
poftulating for his not oppofing the Marriage more vigoroufly ;
with which he profeft himfelf fo difpleafed, that he could not be
brought to congratulate upon it. This Letter was fent from Ma-
drid toParis\ but was intercepted, a.ndknttoBarcelo?7a, and from
thence to the Hague; Dr. Hare told me, he read the original Letter.
The Cha- The Duke of Burgundy, when he became Dauphi7i, upon his
raaerof the Father's death, had been let into the underftandingr the Secrets of
Government ; and, as was given out, he had on many occafions
exprefTed a deep Senfe of the Miferies of the People, with great
Sentiments of Juftice: He had likewife, in fome Difputes that
Cardinal de Noailles had with the Jefuits, elpoufed his Interefts,
and proteded him. It was alfo believed, that he retained a great
Affedion to the Archbifhop of Cambray, whofe Fable of Tele-
machus carried in it the nobleft Maxims pofiible, for the Condud:
of a wife and good Prince, and fet forth that Station in fhining
Characters, but which were the Reverfe of Lewis the XlVth's
whole Life and Reign. Thefe things gave the French a jufl

Senfe

of ^leen Annk 6oi

Senfe of the Lofs they had in his Death ; and the Apprehenfions 1 7 1 j.
of a Minority, after fuch a Reign, ftruck them with a great Con- ^■•*^*-^
fternation. Thefe Deaths, in fo critical a time, feemed to por-
tend, that all the vaft Scheme which the King of France had
formed, with fo much perfidy and bloodfhed, was in a fair way
to be foon blafted. But I will go no further in fo dark a pro-
fpedt.

The French Propofitions raifed, among the true EngliJJjy a juft An indigni-
Indignation ; more particularly their putting off the owning the [£"5*^!^
Queen, 'till the Treaty came to be figned: The Lord Treafurer, I'ropcjfais
to foften this laid, he law a Letter, in which the King of Fratice appeared in
acknowledged her Queen; this was a ConfelTion that there was a ^^ ^^°"'^'''
private Correlpondence between them ; yet the doing it by a Let-
ter was no legal Ad. In excufe of this it was laid, that the late
King was not owned by the French^ till the Treaty of Ryfwick
came to be figned : But there was a Mediator in that Treaty,
with whom our Plenipotentiaries only negotiated ; ^vhereas there
was no Mediator at Utrecht : fo that the Queen was now, with-
out any Interpofition, treating with a Prince, who did not own
her Right to the Crown. The Proportions made by the French
were treated here with the greateft Scorn ; nor did the Minifters
pretend to lay any thing in excufe tor them : And an Addrefs was
made to the Queen, exprefling a juft Indignation at fuch a Pro-
ceeding, promiiing her all Afliftance in carrying on the War, 'till
Ihe Ihould arrive at a juft and honourable Peace.

The Allies did offer their Demands next, which ran as high The De-
another way : The Emperor asked the whole Spanifjj Monarchy ; Ihc Allies.
England asked the reftoring Neii^foumlland, and the demolifliing
of Dunkirk ; the States asked their whole Barrier ; and every
Allie asked Satisfadion to all the other Allies, as well as to him-
felf : England and the State} declared, that tliey demanded Spain
and tlie TVeJl-Indies for the Emperor ; {o the high Pattern fct by
the French^ in their Demands, was to the full imitated by the
Allies. The French fet a Day, for offering their Anfvver ; but
when the Day came, inftead of offering an Anfwer in Writing,
they propofed to enter into verbal Conferences, upon the Demands
made on both Udes : This had indeed been pradifed in Treaties,
where Mediators interpofed ; but that was not done, 'till the main
Points were fecretly agreed to. The Allies rcjedled this Propofi-
tion, and demanded fpecifick Anfwers in Writing ; fo, till the be-
ginning of May^ the Treaty went on in a very languid manner,
in many fruitlefs Meetings, the French always faying, they had
yet received no other Orders: fo that the Negotiation there was at
a full ftand.

Vo L. II. 7 O The

6o2 The History of the Reign

1 7 1 2. The Preparations for the Campaign were carried on, by tlie
•- — '/—-J Emperor and the States, with all pofliblc Vigour : Prince Eugene
tion^for the ftaid three Months in England in a fruitlefs Negotiation with our
Campaign. (;;q^j,j-^ j^j^jJ ^^s fent back with general and ambiguous !Promifes:
The States gave him the fupreme Command of their Army, and
affured him that, in the Execution of the Project that was con-
certed among them, he fhould be put under no reftraint by their
Deputies or Generals^ and that no CefTation of Arms fhould be
ordered, till all was fettled by a General Peace. The Duke of
Onjiond followed him in /Ipril, well fitisfied both with his In-
flru6lions and his Appointments ; for he had the fame Allowances,
that had been lately Voted Criminal in the Duke o^ Marlborough.
The vre- At this time the Pretender was taken ill of the Small-Pox : He
s'-ft^ '^d- A recovered of them ; but his Sifter, who was taken with the fame
Difeafc, died of it : She was, by all that knew her, admired as a
moft extraordinary Perfon in all reipeds ; infomuch that a very
great Character was fpread of her, by thofe who talked but in-
differently of the Pretender himlelf : Thus he loft a great Strength,
which ftie procured to him, from all who faw or conversed with
her. i turn next to give an account of the Convocation.
Proceedings There was a Doubt fuggefted, whether the Queen's Licence
inConvo- ^.^ ftillfubfift, after a Prorogation by a Royal Writ: The Attor-
ney General gave his Opinion, that it was ftill in force ; upon
which, the Bifliops went on with the Refolution, in which the
former Seftion had ended, and fent back to the Lower Houfe a
Paper, which had been fent to them from that Houfe in the for-
mer Seftion, with fuch Amendments, as they thought proper :
But then Atterbury ftarted a new Notion, That as, in a Seftion
of Parliament, a Prorogation put an end to all Matters not finifhed,
fo that tliey were to begin all a-new; the lame Rule was to be ap-
plied to Convocations, in purfuance of his favourite Notion, that
the Proceedings in Parliament were likewife to be obferved amongft
them. The Biftiops did not agree to this; lov, upon fearching
their Books, they found a Courfe of Precedents to the contrary :
And the Schedule, by which the Archbiftiop prorogued them,
when the Royal Writ was fent him, did in exprefs Words conti-
nue all things, in the State in which they were then, to their
next Meeting. Yet this did not latisfy Atterbury and his Party;
fo the Lower Houfe ordered him to lay the Matter before the At-
torney-General for his Opinion; he did that very partially, for he
did not fhew him the Paper fent down by the Biftiops; he only
gave him a very defeftiv^e Abftrad: of it: whereupon the Attorney-
General gave him fuch an Anfwer as he deftr^d, by which it was
very plain, that he was not rightly informed ^bout it. The Biftiops

refolved

cacion.

of ^een Anne, 66%

refolved to adhere to the method of former Convocations, and not .1712,
to begin Matters afrefli, that had been formerly near finifhed. By '— -v-*^
this means they were at a full ftop, fo that they could not deter-
mine thofe Points, which had been recommended to them by the
Queen : But they entered upon new ones ; there was then a Bill, in
the Houfc of Parliament, for building fifty, new Churches, in and
about London and Wejiminjier\ fo an Office, for confecrating
Churches and Church-yards, was prepared : and probably this
will be all the Fruit, that the Church will reap from this Convo-
cation. .

The Cenfure that was pafs'd on WhiJlon% Book, in the former Ccnfurc on
Sefiion, had been laid before the Queen in due form for her Ap- Bociif no*
probation : But at the opening of this Sefiion in December^ the ^""firmed
Bifhops finding that no Return was come from the Throne in that Queen.
Matter, fent two of their number, to receive her Majefty's Pleafure
in it; the Archbifhop being fo ill of the Gout, that he came not
among us all that Winter. The Queen had put the Cenfure, that
we had fent her, into the hands of fome of her Minifters, but could
not remember to whom flie gave it; fo a new Extract of it was
lent to her; and fhe faid, fhe would fend her Pleafure upon it very
fpeedily : but none came during the Scffion, fo all fiirther Proceed-
ings againft him were flopped, fince the Queen did not confirm
the fiep, that we had made. This was not unacceptable to fome
of us, and to myfelf in particular ; I was gone into my Diocels,
when that Cenfure was pafled ; and I have ever thought, that the
true Intereft of th? Chriftian Religion was beft confulted, when
nice difputing about Myftcrics wa? laid afide and forgotten.

There appeared at this time an Inclination, in many of the An inciina-
Clergy, to a nearer Approach towards the Church oi Rojne; Hicksy "f'the'cier''^
an ill-tempered Man, who was now at the Head of the jfcicobiie^y ^'^'^^^^3
Party, had in feveral Books promoted a Notion, that there was a '^^''^'
proper Sacrifice made in the Eucharijl, and had on many ccca-
iions ftudied to lefTen our Averfion to Popery : The Supremacy of
the Crown in Ecclefiaftical Matters, and the Method in which the
Reformation was carried, was openly condemned ; one Breii had
preached a Sermon, in feveral of the Pulpits oi London^ which he
afterwards printed ; in which he prelTed the neceffity of Prieflly
Abfolution, in a ftrain beyond what was pretended to even in the
Church of i?(7;;/^: He faid no Repentance could ferve without it,
and affirmed, that the Prieft was vefted, with the fame power of
Pardoning, that our Saviour himfelf had. A Motion was made in
the Lower Houfe of Convocation, to cenfure this; but it was fo ill
fupported, that it was let fall. Another Conceit was taken up, of
the Invahdity of Lay-Baptifm, on which feveral Books have been

writi

6o4 51?^ HisTokY of the Reign

171 2. writ; nor was the Difpute a trifling one, flnce by this Notion,
» — /— — ' the Teachers among the DifTenters pafling for Lay-Men, this went

to the re- baptizing them and their Congregations.
oodvieiPs Dodisoell gave the Rife to this Conceit ; he was a very learned
Notions, j^an, and led a ftrid: Life ; he feemed to hunt after Paradoxes in
all his AVritings, and broached not a few ; he thought none could
be faved, but thofe who, by the Sacraments, had a federal Right
to it ; and that thefe were the Seals of the Covenant : So that he
left all, who died without the Sacraments, to the uncovcnanted
Mercies of God ; and to this he added, that none had a Right to
give the Sacraments, but thofe who were commiflioned to it; and
thefe were the Apoftles, and after them Bifhops and Priefts or-
dained by them : It followed upon this, that Sacraments ad-
nliniftred by others were of no Value. He purfued thefe No-
tions fo far, that he afferted that the Souls of Men were na-
turally mortal, but that the immortalizing Virtue was conveyed by
Baptifm, given by Perfons Epifcopally ordained. And yet, after
all this, which carried the Epifcopal Fundion fo high, he did not
lay the Original of that Government, on any Inftrudion or War-
rant in the Scripture : But thought it was fet up, in the beginning
of the fecond Century, after the Apoftles were all dead. He wrote
very doubtfully of the Time, in vv^hich the Canon of the New
Teftament was fettled; he thought it was not before the fecond
Century, and that an extraordinary Infpiration was continued in
the Churches to that very Time, to which he afcribed the Origi-
nal of Epifcopacy. This ftrange and prccarious Syftem was in
great credit among us ; and the Neceffity of the Sacrament, and
the Invalidity of ecclcliaftical Functions, when performed by Per-
fons, who were not Epifcopally ordained, were entertained by
many with great Applaufe : This made the DifTenters pafs for no
Chriftians, and put all Thoughts of reconciling them to us far out
of view : And feveral little Books were fpread about the Nation, to
prove the neceflity of re-baptizing them, and that they were in a
State of Damnation 'till that was done ; but few were, by thefe
Arguments, prevailed upon to be re- baptized : This ftruck even
at the Baptifm by Midwives in the Church of Rome ; which was
praftifed and connived at here in Eng-land, 'till it was objeded in
the Conference, held at Hampton-Court., foon after King yames
' the Firft's Acceflion to the Crown, and Baptifm was not 'till then
limited to Perfons in Orders : Nothing of this kind was fo much
as mentioned in the Year 1660, when a great part of the Nation
had been baptized by DifTenters ; but it was now promoted witli
much ^"'eat.

The

of ^ee/i Anne. 605

The BiHiops thought it neceflary to put a flop to this new and 1712.
extravagant Dodrine ; fo a Declaration was agreed to, firft •jrTJT^
againft the Irregularity of all Baptifm by Perfons, who were not ddipncJ S"
in Holy Orders; but that yet, according to the Pradlice of thcS'"!:?'"
Primitive Church, and the conftant Ufage of the Church of JS«p-- ^JIV^'"'
/a^cl, no Baptifm (in or with Water, in the Name of the Father,'
Son and Holy Ghoft) ought to be reiterated. The Archbifhop
of Tork at firft agreed to this ; fo it was refolved to publifh it,
in the Name of all the Birtiops of England; but he was prevailed
on to change his Mind ; and refufed to fign it, pretending that
this would encourage irregular Baptifm : So the Archbifhop of
Canterbury, with moftof the Bifhops of his Province, refolved to But the
offer it to the Convocation. It was agreed to in the Upper Houfe, not a^r ''"

a^rcc to

the Bifhop of Rochejler only diflenting: But when it was fent to '••
the Lower Houfe, they would not fo much as take it into confide-
ration, but laid it afide ; thinking that it would encourage thofc,
who ftruck at the Dignity of the Pricfthood. This was all that
pafs'd in Convocation.

The Supplies demanded were given, in all about fix Millions; GicatSu?-
there were two Lotteries of 1,800,000 /. a-piece, befides the Four *'^''''"'
Shillings in the Pound, and the Malt Bill. A Motion was made
for a Claufe, to be put in one of the Lottery Bills, for a Commif-
fipn to enquire into the Value and Confideration of all the Grants,
made by King William. The Minifters apprehended the diffi-
culty of carrying a Money-Bill, with a Tack to it, thro' the
Houfe of Lords ; fo they prevailed to get it feparated from the
Money-Bill, and fent up in a particular one ; and undertook to
carry it. When it came up to the Houfe of Lords, a great Party
wa8 made againft it ; thofe who continued to pay a Refpedl to
the Memory of King William, thought it was a very unbecoming
Return to him, who had delivered the Nation from Slavery and
Popery, to caft fo particular an Indignity on his Grants: The Bill
made all its Steps thro' the Houfe of Lords to the laft, with a
fmall Majority of one or two. The Earl oi Nottingham was ab-
fent the firft two Days, but came to the Houfe on the laft; he
faid, he always thought thofc Grants were too large, and very
unfeafonably made, but he thought there ought to be an equal
way of proceeding in that Matter ; they ought either to refume
them all, or to bring all concerned in them, to an equal Compo-
fition : He therefore could not approve of this Bill, which by a
very clear Confequence would put it in the power of a Fellow-
Subjeft, to refume or to cover Grants, at his pleafure ; and fo it
would put the Perfons, concerned in the Grants, into too great

Vol. II. 7P a

6o6 The History of the Reign

1712.

The Duke
of Ormovd
ordered not
to zCt of-
fenlively .

A feparate
Peace dii-
o.vncd by
the Lord
Ticafuier.

a Dependance on him. At the laft reading of the Bill feventy-
eight, in Perfon or by Proxy, were for the Bill; and as many were
againft it: The Votes being equal, by the Rule of the Houfe,
the Negative carried it: So, for that time, the Bill was loft.

During the Seflion, Reports were often given out, that all
things were agreed, and that the Treaty was as good as finifhed :
But new Stories were fet on foot, and pretended Delays, to put
off the Expedation of Peace ; however, in the end of May^ we
were furprized with Letters from the Camp, which told us; that
the Army of the AHies being joined, was 25000 Men ftronger
than the French ; an Advantage that they never had before,
during the whole courfe of the War. That Prince £//;^^;?^ there-
fore propofed, that they fhould march towards the Head of the
Scheldt where the French Army lay, and upon their advancing
the French would be obliged, either to venture on Adlion, or to
retire ; and in that cafe Cajnbray would be left open to the Al-
lies, to fit down before it. The Council of War agreed to this,
but to their great furprize, the Duke of Ormond fhewed Orders,
not to ad offenfively againft the French^ he feemed to be very un-
eafy with thele Orders, but faid he muft obey them. This was much
refented by the whole Arm.y, and by the Minifters of the Allies at
the Hague and at Utrecht : And it ftruck us here in Fngland
with Amazement.

Motions were made upon it, in both Houfes of Parliament j for
it feemed, we were neither to have Peace nor War : So it was pro-
poled, that an Addrefs fhould be made to the Queen, that fhe
would fet the Duke oi Ormond 2X liberty, to adl in concurrence
with the other Generals, and carry on the Wat, fo as to obtain a
good Peace. Thofe who oppofed this, asked, what Proofs they
had, of what was faid, concerning the Duke of Or/;^(?Ws Orders;
they had only private Letters, which were not produced : So, it
was faid, there was not ground enough to found an Addrefs upon ;
which ought not to be made, on bare Reports. The Minifters
would neither confefs, nor deny the Matter, pretending the Oath
of Secrecy; yet they affirmed the Duke of Ormond W2i% at liberty
to cover a Siege.

That which prevailed in both Floufes, to hinder the Addrefs,
that the Minifters in both did affirm, that the Peace was

was.

agreed on, and would be laid before them in three or four Days:
It was upon that ftiggefted, that this muft be a feparate Peace,
fince the Allies knew nothing of it. The Lord Treaflirer faid, a
feparate Peace was fo bafc, fo knavifh, and fo villainous a thing,
that every one who ferved the Queen knew, they muft anfwer it
with their Heads to the Nation ; but it would appear to be a fafe
5 and

of S^een A n n e. C 607

and a glorious Peace, much more to the Honour and Interc-n: of 1 7 1 2.
the Nation, than the Prehminaries that were agreed to, three *— -v~— ^
Years before : He alfo affirmed, that the Allies knew of it, and
were fatisfied with it ; fo the Motion fell : And all were in great
expedation, to fee what a few Days would produce. In order to
this, it was propofcd to examine into all the Proceedings at the~
Hague, and at Gertruydenberg, in the Years 1709 and 1710 ;
this was fet on by a Reprefentation made by the Earl oi Strafford \
for he affirmed in the Houfe of Lords, that thofe Matters had not
been fairly reprefented ; he laid, he had his Information from
one of the two, who had been imployed in thofe Conferences :
By this, it was plain he meant Buys. Lord Townpjend had in-
formed the Houfe, that thofe who treated with the Fre?jch at
Gertruydenberg did, at their return, give an Account of their
Negotiation to the Minifters of the Allies, in the Penfioner's pre-
fence, before they reported it to the ASV^/^jthemfelves: But upon
this, the Earl of Strafford faid, they had been firft fecretly with
the Penlioner, who direded them both what to fay, and what to
fupprefs. Upon this, the Houfe made an Addrefs to the Queen,
defiring her to lay before them all that pafled at that Time, and
in that Negotiation : But nothing followed upon this ; for it was
laid to be deligned only to amufe the Houfe.

Surprizes came at this time quick one after another : At The Qiieen,
Utrecht^ on the fecond oi June N.S. the Plenipotentiaries of the l^J'o^^of^'"
States expoftulated with the Bifhop of Brijiol, upon the Orders ^^'•'/"A fnd
lent to the Duke oi Ormond : He anfwered, he knew nothing from iH her
of them ; but laid, he had received a Letter, two Days before, ^[^""|!e
from the Queen, in which fhe complained that, notwithftanding i'^^'"-
all the Advances Ihe had made, to engage the States to enter
with her upon a Plan of Peace, they had not anfwered her as they
ought, and as fhe hoped they would have done : therefore flie
did novv think herfelf at liberty, to enter into feparate Meafures,
to obtain a Peace for her own -Convenience. The Plenipoten-
tiaries faid, this was contrary to all their Alliances and Treaties;
they thought that, by the Deference they had fhe wed Her, on all
occalions, they had merited much better Ufage from Her: They
knew nothing of any Advances made to them, on a Plan of
Peace. The Bifhop replied, that conlidcring the Condud of
the States, the Queen thought herfelf difengaged from all Al-
liances and Engagements with thein: The Bifhop did not in ex-
prefs Words name the Barrier Treaty ; but he did not except
it: So they reckoned it was included, in the general Words he
had ufed. This did not agree, with what the Lord Treafurer
had faid in the Houfe of Lords : And when the States Envoy

complained

6o8 The History of the Reign

1712. complained to him, of thefe Declarations made them by the Bi-
•■ — v-~-' fhop, all the Anfwer he made was, that he was certainly in

a very bad humour t when he talked at that rate.
The Queen On the fifth oi June^ the Queen came to the Parliament, and
IheSrur- told them on what Terms a Peace might be had : King Philip
]Piano?the "^^^ ^° rcnounce the Succeflion to the Crown of France^ if it
Peace. fhould dcvolvc on him ; and this was to execute itfelf, by putting
the next to him into the Succeflion : Sicily was to be feparated
from Spain., tho' it was not yet fettled, who fhould have iti The
Proteftant Succeflion was to be fecured ; and he, who had pre-
tended to the Crown, was no more to be fupported. Dunkirk
was to be demolifhed, and Newfoundland to be delivered to Eng-
land. Gibraltar and Port-Mahon were to remain in our hands :
We were alfo to have the Ajjiento^ a Word importing, the fur-
nifhing the Spaniflj Weft-Indies with Slaves from Africa. The
Dutch were to have their Barrier., except two or three Places :
And due regard would be had to all our Allies.
Addreffesof Botli Houfcs agreed to make Addreffes of Thanks to the
bo.hHouics Q^^gen. for communicating this Plan to them, defirins her to

upon ic. ^^.^ • D .

finiftjit: An Addition to thefe laft Words, in conjunEiionwith her
Allies-, was moved in both Houfes ; that fo there might be a Gua-
ranty fettled for the maintaining the Terms of the Treaty : But
it was rejedied, by a great Majority in both Houfes. It was faid,
in oppolition to it, that it would fubjecl the Queen and the whole
Treaty, to the Pleafure of the Allies, who might prove backward
and intradable : And fince England had born the greateft
ihare of the Burthen of the War, it was reafonable that the Queen
fhould be the Arbiter of the Peace. On the other hand it was
faid, that if the Allies did not enter into a Guaranty, we muft
depend on the Faith of the French^ and be at their mercy; and
fo have nothing to truft to, but the Promifes of a Court noted,
in a courfe of many Years, for a Train of Perfidy : But many had
formed anobftinate Refolution ..o get out oftheWaron any Terms:
So nothing that was offered, that feemed to obftrud the arriving
fpeedily at that end, was heard with patience j and no regard
was had to the Faith of Treaties : Yet both Houfes obferved one
Caution, not to exprefs their being fatisficd with the Plan of the
Peace, tho' it was covertly infinuated. Mention was alfo made
of our Treaties with our Allies, and of the Proteftant Succeflion:
The Lords, who had all along protefted againft the Steps, that the
Court had taken, entred the Rcafons of their protefting againft:
the Negative, put on adding the Words, zVz conjimSlioji with her
Allies., and on the former Vote, concerning the Orders fent to
to the Duke of Ormond: Thefe carried in them fuch juft and

le'/ere

of ^een Anne* 609

fevere Reflexions on the Miniftry, as ninning the Nation irtto an 1712.
open Breach of all publick Truft, and putting every thing into the v—- y*w
hands of the French ; that by the Strength of the Majority they
were expunged : Yet they were printed, and Copies of them were
fent over the Nation ; but nothing could break thro' that Infen-
fibility, which had ftupificd the People. A new Set of Ad-
drefics ran about, full of grofs Flattery, magnifying the prefeut
Conduft, with fevere Refledions on the former Miniftry, which
fome carried back to VimgfVilliams Reign : Some of thefe Ad-
drefles mentioned the Proteftant Succeflion, and the Houle of
Hanover^ with Zeal ; others did it more coldly ; and fome made
no mention at all of it. And it was univerfally believed, that no
Addrcfles were fo acceptable to the Minifters, as thoie of the laft
fort.

About the middle oi June, the Seflion of Parliament came to The end of
an end: The Queen in her Speech faid, fhe was glad to find they ti'^S'
approved of her Scheme of Peace, tho' that was in none of the Ad- '"'^"^•
drefl!es ; many, who intended to merit by their officious Zeal,
had indeed magnified it in both Houfes, but it was not in either
of their Addrefles. The Earl o^ Strafford was again lent over,
to induce the States to accept the Ofiers, that the French were
making, and to confent to a Ceflation of Arms.

Vnnce. Eugene ovA^r&A ^efnoy to be befieged; and he, in The Duke
conjundlion with the Duke of Ormonde covered the Siege ; but, prockTm" a
when the Place was fo ftreightned, that it could not hold out '^^^^^l^^
above two or three Days, the Duke of Ormond fent Prince Fu- left Prince
gene word, that he had Orders to proclaim a Ceflation of Arms ArmT
for two Months. Prince Eugene difagreeing to this, he flgnified
his Orders to all the German Troops, that were in the Queen's
Pay: But the States and the Emperor had forefeen that this .
might happen, and had negotiated fo effedlually with the Princes,
to whom thefe Troops belonged, that they had fent Orders to
their Generals, to continue with Prince Eugene^ and to obey his
Command. This they reprcfented to the Duke o{ Ormond; and
he upon that told them, they fliould have neither Bread nor Pay
nor their Arrears, if they refufed to obey his Orders : This laft
feemed unjuft, flnce they had ferved hitherto, according to
Agreement ; fo that their Arrears could not be detained, with
any colour of Juftice. i^uefnoy capitulated, and the Garrifon i^^M
were made Prifoners of War. It was faid, that the Court of
France had promiled, to put Dunkirk in the Queen's hands, as a
fure Pledge of performing all that they had ftipulated, in order
to a general Peace; this was executed, in the beginning oi July-y
and a Body of our Troops, with a Squadron oi Ships, were fent

Vol. II. 7 Q^ ^°

6iO The Hi^roRV of the Reign

1^12. to take poffefTion of the Place. The Duke ofOrmondtn3.de a
• fecond Attempt, on the Generals of the German Troops, to fee
if they would agree to the Ceflation of Arms: But they excufed
themfelves, upon the Orders they had received from their Mafters:
So he proclaimed the Ceflation, at the Head of the E^jgliJJj
Troops ; upon which, he feparated himfelf from Prince Eugene\
Army, and retired to Ghendt and Bruges^ poflbffing himfelf of
them : The fortified Places, near the Frontier, had Orders to let
the Officers pafs through, but not to fufler the Troops to poilefs
themfelves of them. The withdrawing xh&EngliJh Forces in this
manner, from the Confederate Army, was cenfured, not only as
a manifeft Breach of Faith and of Treaties, but as treacherous in
the higheft and bafeft degree. The Duke of Or?nond had given
the States fuch Afliirances, of his going along with them thro'
the whole Campaign, that he was let into the Secrets of all their
Counfels, which by that Confidence were all known to the
Fre7tch: And, if the auxiliary German Troops had not been pre-
pared to difobey his Orders, it was believed he, in conjundiion
with the French Army, would have forced the States to come
into the new Meafures. But that was happily prevented j yet aP
this Condud: of our General was applauded at home as great, juft
and wife ; and our People were led to think it a kind of Triumph^
upon Dunkirk\ being put into our hands ; not confidering, that
we had more truly put ourfelves into the Hands of the French,
by this open Breach of Faith; after which, the Confederates could
no longer truft or depend on us. Nor was this only the Adl of
the Court and Miniflry, but it became the Ad of the Nation,
which by a general Voice did not only approve of it, but ap'-
plaud it.
Laudrny Princc Eugene\ next Attempt was upon Landrecy., in which
it feemed probable that he would fucceed ; but this Profped,
and indeed the whole Campaign, had a fatal Reverfe : There
was a Body of 8000 or loooo Men polled at Denain^ on the
Scheldt commanded by the Earl of Albemarle^ to fecure the
conveying Bread and Ammunition to the Army, and to the Siege.
Vi liars made a Motion, as if he defigned to give Prince Eugene
Battle ; but after a Feint that way, he turned quick upon this
Body, that lay on both fides of the River, with only one Bridge
of Pontoons : The reft had been fent to the Siege of Landrecy ;
and there was not a Supply of more brought. That Bridge,
at Devain ^jj-j-j ^hc Weight that was on it, broke : fo the Bodies could not
Revedcon be joined : but Military Men aflured me, that, if it had not been
for that Misfortune, Fillars\ Attempt might have turned fatally
on himfelf, and to the Ruin of his whole Army. But in conclu-
^' lion.

befieKed.

A o;reat LoG

tlie Cam
paign

of ^een A n n e» 6 i it

fion, he gave them a total Defeat, and fo made himfelf Maftef- of tyri*
thofe Ports, which they were to defend. This opened a new '— v— ^
Scene ; it not only forced tlie raifing the Siege of Landrecy^ but
gave Villars an occafion to feize on Marchiennes^ and fome other
Places, where he found great Stores of Artillery and Ammuni-
tion ; and furnifhed him like wile, with an Opportunity of fitting
down before Doway. What Errours were committed, either in
the Counfels or Orders, or in the Execution of them, and at
whofe door thcfe ought to be laid, is far above my Underftand-
ing in Military Matters : But be that as it will, this Misfortune
ferved not a little to raife the Duke of Marlborough^ Charadler^
under whole Command no fuch thing had ever happened. The
Effeds of this Diigrace were great; Doway was taken, after a long
and brave Defence j Prince Eugene tried to raife the Siege, but
did not fucceed in it : indeed the States would not put things to
fo great a venture, after fuch a Lofs ; the Garrifon were made
Pri loners of War. ^efnoy was next befieged ; the great Artil-
lery, that had been employed in the Siege, were left in the place:
The Garrifon improved that Advantage; fo that the taking it coH:
the Enemy very dear.

Thele Lofles created a great Dirtradlion in the Counfels at the Diftra£tions
Hague', many were inclined to accept of a Ccflation; the Em-^" ^ "^^ *
peror and the Princes of the Empire made great Offers to the
States, to perfuade them to continue the War ; at the fame time,
the J^rench grew very infolent upon their Succeffes, and took oc-
cafion, from a Quarrel between the Footmen of one of the Dutch
Plenipotentiaries, and one of theirs, to demand an extravagant
Reparation ; which the Dutch not complying with, a full flop
was put to all Proceedings at Utrecht, for fome Months. Our
Court took fome pains to remove that Obftrudion ; but the
French King's Pride being now again in exaltation, he was in-
tradlable: St.yohn, being made Vifcount Bolingbroke, was fent
over with fecret Jnftrudiions, to the Court of France j where>
as it was believed, the Peace was fully concluded : But all, that
was publillied upon his Return, was a new Ceflation of Arms,
both by Sea and Land, for four Months longer. Duke Hamilton
was named to go Ambaflador to France, and Lord Lexington to
Spain. The Earl of Strafford continued to prefs the States, to
come into the Queen's Meafures, which 'twas faid he managed
with great Imperioufnefs: The States refolved to offer their Plan
to the Queen, in which they preffed the reftoring Strazbourg to
the Empire, to have Valenciennes demolifhed, and Conde added
to their Barrier, and that the old Tariff for Trade fhould be
again reftored.

The

6i2 The History of the Reign

J712. The Lord Lexington went firft to <5^^m, where the Cortes
jjr'v— ' ^ere fummoned, in which that King did folemnly renounce, for
nunciation himfclf and his Heirs, the Right of Succeflion to the Crown of
ccffionf'i'n" France \ and Hmited the Succeffionto theCrownof xS^a/w, after his
Spain mA Q^j^ Pofterity, to theHoufe of Savoy. The hke Renunciation was
made fome Months after that, by the Princes of France to the
Crown of Spain : And Philip was declared incapable of fucceed-
ing to the Crown of France. It was fomething ftrange, to fee (o
much Weight laid on thefe Renunciations, jQnce the King of
France had fo often, and fo folemnly declared (upon his claiming,
in the right of his Queen, the Spanijh Netherlands ; when the
Renunciation made by his Queen before the Marriage, purfliant
to the Treaty of the Pyrenees, of all Rights of Succeilion to her
Father's Dominions, was obje6led to him) that no Renunciation,
which was but a civil Acl, could deftroy the Rights of Blood,
founded on the Laws of Nature : But this was now forgot, or
very little conlidered. At this time the Order of the Garter had
nine vacant Stalls; fo fix Knights were at one time promoted,
the Dukes of Beaufort, Hamilton, and Kent ; and the Earls of
Oxford, P owlet, and Strafford. The Duke of Hamilton^ being
appointed to go to the Court of France, gave melancholy Spe-
culations to thofe, who thought him much in the Pretenders In-
tercft : He was conlidered, not only in Scotla?id, but here in
England, as the Head of his Party ; but a difmal Accident put an
end to his Life, a few days before he intended to have fet out on
his Embaffy.
Duke of l^e and the Lord Mohun were eno-aged in Ibme Suits of Law ;

and Lord and a violcut Hatred was kindled between them: So that, upon avc-
kSli!'?*' ry high Provocation, the Lord Mohttn fent him a Challenge, which
Combat, j^g [x\t^ to decline: but both being hurried, by thofe falfe Points of
Honour, they fatally went out to Hyde Park, in the middle of TVb-
vember, and fought with fo violent an Animofity, that neglecfling
the Rules of Art, they feemcd to run on one another, as if they
tried who fhould kill firft ; in which they were both fo unhap-
pily fuccefsful, that the Lord Mohun was killed outright, and
Duke Hamilton died in a few Minutes after. I will add no
Charader of him : I am forry I cannot lay fo much Good of
him as I could willi, and I had too much kindnefs for him, to fay
any Evil without neceflity. Nor fhall I make any Reflexions on
the deplorable effed of thofe unchriftian and barbarous Maxims,
v/hich have prevailed fo univerially, that there is little hope left
of feeing them rooted out of the Minds of Men; the falfe Notions
of Honour and Courage being too ftrong, to be weighed down
by prudent or religious Conliderations.

The

of Slueen Anne. 6 i ^

I

The Duke of Shrewsbury was, upon Duke Hamiltofis Death, i ji 2.
named for the Embaily to France-, and went over in the end of.;*- — v — -^
December : The fame Yacht, that carried him to Calais^ brouglit oish,f^j.
over the Duke de Aumont-, the French Ambafiador, w!m was JCZlritld
a good-natured and generous Man, of profufc Expencc, throwing ^^'^'^ '^
handfuUs of Money often out of his Coach, as he went about the camfcj
Streets : He was not thought a Man of Bufineis, and feemcd to ^"^^'""'•
employ himfelf chiefly, in maintaining the Dignity of his Cha-
radler, and making himfclf acceptable to the Nation. I turn
next to foreign Affairs,

The War in Pomerania went on but llowly, tho' the Cxar Th« AfTairt
and the Kings oi Denmark and P<7/rtW joined their Forces ; upon '"f^-^-^"'"^*'
which it was thought, the Intereft of Sweden muft have funk in.
thofe Parts : But the Feeblenefs of one or other of thofe Princes
loft them great Advantages^ Steinbock^ the SwediJJj General,
feeing the Danes were feparated from their Allies, made a quick
March toward them ; and, tho' the 5 tf;f(9;?j had joined them, be-
fore he came up, yet he attacked them. The Action was hot,
and lafted fome Hours; but it ended in a compleat Victory ou
the Swedijb fide. At the fame time the Swedes were animated,
by Reports from Conjiantinopky which gave them Hopes of the
War, between the Turks and the Czar^ being like to break out
again, which the King of Sweden continued to foUicit, and in
which he had all the AfTiftance, that the Fre?icb could give him;

This gave the Emperor great Apprehenfions, that Diforders in The Empe-
Hungary might follow upon it, which would defeat the Meafures ^P[ ll'"(^'^
he had taken to fettle Matters in that Kingdom, fo that beino^ \Vv.\iirantt.
fafe on that fide, he might turn his whole Force againft France^
and by that means, encourage the States to continue the War.
Thofe in Holland^ who preffed the accepting the Offers that
France made them, reprelented That as a thing not poffible to
be liipported : The Promifes of the Emperor and the Princes of
the Empire had fb often /ailed them, chat they faid, they could
not be relied on : And the Diftradions in the North made them
apprehend, that thole Princes might be obliged to recall their
Troops, which were in the Service of the States.

The Earl of Strafford was fent baci^ to the Haguie^ with the a ne-v
French Plan, which came to be called the Queen's Plan : But to rX7rwith
draw them in xkio. more, he was ordered to enter upon a new ^'^'^ •'-'-^"•
Barrier Treaty with them, by which the former was to be fee
afide : By it the States were to maintain the SuccefHon to the
Crown, when required to it by the Queen, but not otherwife.
This gave ftill new occafions for [ealoufy: For whereas, by the
former Treaty, they were ftridly bound to maintain the Succef-

VsL. II. 7 R fjcn.

6i4 Z??^ History of the Reign

fion, To that they were obliged to oppofe any Attempts they faw
made againft it : They were by this Treaty obliged to ftay, 'till
they were fent to : And if our Minifters fhould come to entertain ill
Defigns that way, they would take care no notice fhould be given
to the States. I'he Barrier for the Dutch came far fliort of the
former ; the States wrote another Letter to the Queen, defiring
her to interpofe, for refloring Strazbourg to the Empire, for ad-
ding Conde to their Barrier^ and for fettling the Commerce on
the foot of the ancient Tariffs as alfo for obtaining more reafona-
ble Terms for the Emperor : But things were fo fixed between
the Court of France and ours, that there was no room for In-
terceflion.
The Death 'fhc Earl of Godolphin died of the Stone in September : He
ofGoMphia. was the Man of the clearefl: Head, the calmeft Temper, and the
HisCha- moft incorrupt of all the Minifters of State, I have ever known.
rafter. After having been thirty Years in the Treafury, and during nine
of thofe Lord Treafurer, as he was never once fufpcded of Cor-
ruption, or of fuffering his Servants to grow rich under him, fo
in all that time his Eftate was not increafed by him to the Value
of 4000 /. He ferved the Queen with fuch a particular Affe<5lion
and Zeal, that he ftudied to poffefs all People with great per-
fonal Efteem for her: And fhe herfelf feeraed to be fo fenfible of
this for many Years, that if Courts were not different from allother
Places in the World, it might have been thought, that his wife Ma-
nagement at home, and the Duke of Marlborough\ glorious
Condud abroad, would have fixed them in their Pofts, above
the little Practices of an artful Favourite, and the Cunning of a
Man, who has not hitherto fhewed any Token of a great Ge-
nius, and is only eminent in the Arts of deluding thofe that
hearken to him.
The Duke Upon the Earl of Godolphin\ Death, the Duke of Marlborough
rfla^/weet rcfolvcd to go aud live beyond Sea ; he executed it in the end of
^° lid Sea' November', and his Dutchefs followed him in the beginning of
February. This was varioufly cendired ; fome pretended it was
. the giving up and abandoning the Concerns of his Country ;
and they reprefented it as the effe6t of Fear, with too anxious a
care to fecljre himfelf : Others were glad he was fafe out of ill
hands ; whereby, if we fhould fall into the Convulfions of a
Civil War, he would be able to afiift the Eled:or of Hanover, as
being fo entirely beloved and confided in, by all our military
Men i whereas if he had ftaid in England, it vvas not to be
) doubted, but, upon the leaft Shadow of Sufpicion, he would have
been immediately fecured ; whereas now he would be at liberty,
being beyond Sea, to ad as there might be occafion for it.

There

i

of ^een Anne. 615

There were two Suits begun againft him ; the one was Tor the i *f r 2.
Two and a half perCe?it. that the foreign Princes were content ' — v~— ^
fhould be deduded for Contingencies, of which an Account was
formerly given ; the other was, for Arrears due to the Builders
of B/enheim Houfe. The Queen had given Orders for building
it with great Magnificence ; all the Bargains with the Workmen
were made in her Name, and by Authority from her ; and in the
Preambles of the Adls of Parliament, that confirmed the Grant
oiWoodftock to him and his Heirs, it was faid the Queen built
the Houle for him: Yet now, that the Tradefmen were let ruri
into an Arrear of 30000 /. the Queen refufed to pay any more;
and let them upon fuing the Duke of Marlborough for it, tho' he
had never contraded with any of them : Upon hisgoing beyond Sea,
both thofe Suits were ftaid, which gave occafion to People to
imagine, that the Miniftry, being difturbed to fee fo much pub-
lick Refped: put on a Man, whom they had ufed fo ill, had fet
thefe Profecutions on foot, only to rer^der his ftay in E?jgland
imeafy to him.

Our Army continued this Winter about Ghendt and Bruges', WepoOcrs
and we kept a fort of Garrifon in Dunkirk : But that was fo ill vcryprcca^
fupplied with Artillery and Ammunition, that it was vifible they ^'^"' '"^"'
were not in a condition to keep the Place, any longer than the
French were willing to let them fl:ay in it. And during that
time, ,tbey were neither allowed to have a Place to worfhip God,
nor to bury their Dead in, though by a Mortality that raged there
fome Thoufands died. Our Minifters continued ftill to prefs the
A^/^z/^j and the Emperor to come into the Queen's Meafures; the
Emperor, on fome occafions, talked in a very pofitive Strain, as
if he was refolved to put all to hazard, rather than fubmit to fuch
hard Conditions ; but the Apprehenfions of a War in the Neigh-
bourhood of Hungary.^ and the low State of his Trcafure, forced
him to come down from that heighth, and engage the States to
procure better Terms for him : The Demand of Strasbourg was
rejeded by the French^ with fo pofitive an Air, tliat our Court
did not move in it more; nor did it appear, that we obtained
any one Condition of the French., but what was offered in their
own Projed.

In conclufion, the States were forced to yield in every Parti- jhc narriet\
cular ; and then our Miniflers, to give fome leeming Content to ^''"^'j
the Nation, and to bring the States into fome Confidence with
them, ordered the new Barrier Treaty to be figned : And it
was given out by their Creatures, that the French were highly
offended at their figning this ; making it previous to a general
Peace, and a iort of Guaranty for it. Thus, after all the Decla-
r mations

6i6 The History of the Reign

T 7 1 2. mations that were made on the firft Barrier Treaty, the Minlfters
— V — • came into a new one, which tho' not fo fecure as the former,
yet was hable to all the Objeftions, that were made againft that.
The Frenchy as we were affured, in the Progrefs of the Treaty
ufed all that courfe oiChicane, for which they have been fo long
famous : And, after all the Steps our Court had made, to get
them a Treaty of their own projeding, we were not at laft able
to gain any one point upon them : They feemed to reckon, that
now we had put ourfelves in their hands, and that they might
ufe us as they pleafed.

A Proclamation was fet out in the end of November, giving
notice that the Seflion of Parliament would be opened on the
rog«i'o!isof thirteenth of January : But tho' the proroguing the Parliament,
Pariiamcnr. g^fj^.j- [^c};^ ^i Proclamation, was without a Precedent, yet we were
put off by fevTn Prorogations, fome for a Fortnight, and fome
for three Weeks : It was faid, we were daily expedting a fudden
Conclufion of the Treaty ; and 'till all was finifhed, the Mini-
fters could not know what Aids were to be demanded. What
occaiioned all thefe Delays, is yet a Secret to me ; fo I can write
nothing of it. Many Expreffes were fent to Vienna, and the Re-
turns to thofe could not come quick. The Demands for re-
ftoring the Eledors o^. Bavaria and Cologn,- together with a Com-
penfation for their Loffes, were infilled on. The Emperor could
not do the former of thefe, without the Diet, by whofe Authority
they were put under the Imperial Ban : But neither the Emperor
nor Diet could anfwer the other Demand, it rofe fo high.
AtFairsoF While vv^e were at home uneafy at the many Prorogations and

s-j^eden. Delays, the News from beyond Sea opened a new Scene. The
Swedes broke into Ho/Jlein, but were fo clofely followed by the
Danes and Mufcovites, that their Retreat by Land was cut off,
and the Danip Ships fhut them from theBa/iick Sea: they made
great wafte in the King of Denmark's Share of Holjlein, and
burnt Altena, a great and rich Village, within a Mile of Hafn-
hoiirg, which being an open Place, in no for.t fortified, the
burning it was thought contrary to the Laws of War.
The Kin:; The King oi Prujfia died in February; he was in his own Per-
Dcath foi^ ^ virtuous Man, and full of Zeal in the Matters of Religion ;
he raifed above two hundred new Churches in his Dominions ; he
was weak, and much in the power of his Miniftcrs and Flatterers ;
but was fo apt to hearken to Whifpers, that he changed twice
the whole Set of his Miniftry : His affuming the Title of a King,
and his a'ffecling an extraordinary Magnificence in his Court,
brought a great Charge on himfelf, and on all about him, which
made him a fevere Mailer to his Subjedis, and fet him on many

Preten lions,

of ^een Anne. 6 1 7

Pretcnfions, chiefly thofe relating to the Prince of Frizeland^ i^ij*
which were not thought well grounded. He was fuccecdcd in his ' — v — -i
Dignity by his Son, who had hitherto appeared to affcd: a Rough-
neis of Behaviour, and feemed fond of his Grenadiers, not only
beyond all other Military Men, but beyond all Men whatfoever i'
He feemed to have a Warlike Inclination ; but what he will
prove, now that he is on the Throne, muft be left to Time.

The Appearances of a new War between the Turk and j.,„i^-„^
the CJsr^r varied fo oft, that it was doubtful in what it might end : of ^vr^'^s
The King of Sweden ufed all po/Tible means to engage the Ttirk
into it ; but he threw himfelf, by his intractable Obftinacy, into
great Dangers : The Party at the Forty that oppofed the War,
ftudied to get rid of that King, and of his Importunities. Orders
were fent him to march back into his Kingdom : And they un-
dertook to procure him a fafc Paflage to it ; but he treated the
Pcrfon, that was fent with this Meflage, with great Infojence,
and fortified himfelf, as well as he could, with the Swedes that
were about him, and rcfolved to defend himfelf A Force mucii \

fuperiour to his, was brought againft him ; but he, maintained
himfelf (o refolutely in his Houfe, that fome Plundrcds of thoie
who attacked him were killed: The Turks upon that /et fire to
the Houfe, whereupon he was forced to furrender, and was put
Under a Guard ; and moft of his Swedes were fold for Slaves ;
he was carried to a Houfe near Adria7topiej but not fuficred to
come to Court; only the Sidtcm difowned the Violence ufed to
his Perfon. In the mean while, the Czar fhipped an Army
from P etersbiirgby that landed in Finland: The Swedes were not
able to fland before him; every Place, as he advanced, "^ fub-
mitted to him ; and he was now Mafter of Aboy the Capital of
Finland^ and of that whole Province. Steinbock-, with his Army,
maintained himfelf in Tonnrngen^ as long as their Provifion lafted:
But, all Supplies being carefully ftopp'd, he was forced at laft to
deliver up himfelf and his Army Prifbners of War ; and thefe
were the beft Troops the Swedes had, fo that Swede?t was ftruck
with a general Conflernation : In this diftracftcd State has that fu-
rious Prince abandoned his own Kingdom. And there I muft
leave it, to return to our own AfJairs.

After a long Expedation we at iaft knew, that on the thir- The Trea-
teenth of March the Treaty of Peace between England-, France^ "nd theSef-
and the States was figned : Upon this, the Parliament was opened 1*°" of Par-
on the ninth of April. The Queen in her Speech told the two opened.
Houfes, that fhe had now concluded a Peace, and had obtained
a further Security for the Proteftant SuccefHon, and that fhe was
in an intire Union with the Houfe of Ha?jQver\ fhe asked of the

Vo L. II. 7 S Commons,

6i8 The History of the Reign

ini'i. Commons, the neceffary Supplies, and recommended to both

^-^v^' Houfes, the cultivating the Arts of Peace, with a Reflexion upon

Fadion. Upon this Speech, a Debate arofe in the Houfe of Lords,

concerning fome Words, that were moved to be put in the Ad-

drefs, {which of courfe was to be made to the Queen) applauding

the Conditions of the Peace, and the Security for the Proteftant

SuccefTion : This was oppofed, lince we did not yet know what

the Conditions of the Peace were, nor what that Security -was ;

all that appeared was, that the Pretender was gone out of France

into the Barrois^ a Part of Lorrain^ for which that Duke did

Homage to the Crown of France. An Addrefs of Congratulation

was agreed to, but without any Approbation of the Peace. The

Houfe of Commons obferved the fame Caution in their Addrefs.

But upon this, a new Set of AddrciTes ran thro' the Nation, in the

ufual Strains of Flattery and falfe Eloquence. The Parliament fate

above a Month, before the Articles of Peace (and of a Treaty of

Commerce^ made at that fame time) were laid before them. It

was given out, that, 'till the Ratifications were exchanged, it was

not proper to publifli them ; but when that was done, they were

communicated to both Houfes, and printed.

The Sub« By the Treaty of Peace, the French King was bound to give

Treadcfof ^ neither Harbour nor AfTiftance to the Pretender^ but acknow-

Peace and ledgcd the Qucen's Title and the Proteftant SucceiTion, as it was

ommcice ^^^.^.j^j y^^ fevcral Ads of Parliament: Dunkij'k was to be razed in a

Time Hmited, within five Months, after the Ratifications; but that

was not to be begun, 'till an Equivalent for it was put in the hands

of France. Newfoundla7jd, Hudfoi'is Bay., and St. Chrifiopher s

were to be given to England -.y bu t Cape Breton was left to the French.,

with a Liberty to dry their Filli on Newfoundland : This was the main

Subftance of the Articles of Peace. The Treaty of Commerce fettled

a free Trade, according to the Tariff in the Year 1664, excepting

fome Commodities, that were fubjeded to. a new Tariff' in the Year

1699, which was fo high, that it amounted to a Prohibition: All

the Produdions of France were to come into England under no

other Duties, but thofe that were laid on the lame Produdions

from other Countries ; and when this was fettled, then Commif-

faries were to be fent to London., to agree and adjuft all Matters

relating to Trade : The Treaty of Commerce with Spai72 was not

yet finifhed. As for the Allies, Portugal and Savoy were iatisfied ;

the Emperor was to have the Dutchy of Milan, the Kingdom of

Naples, and the Spaniffo Netherlands : Sicily was to be given to

the Duke o{ Savoy t with the Title of King: And Sardinia, with

the fame Title, was to be given to the Eledor of Bavaria, in lieu ^

of his Lofles : The States were to deHver up Liffe, and the little

Places

of ^een K^H^. 619

Places about it: And, befidcs the Places of which they were al- 171 31
ready poflefTed, they were to have Namur, Charleroy^ Luxem-
bourg^ TpreSy and JVewpori : The King of Prw^^ was to have
the Upper Guelder-, in lieu of Orange, and the other Eftates,
whicli the Family had in Franche Comte : This was all that I think
hecelTary to infert here, with relation to our Treaty : The Em-
peror was to have time to the firft ofyune, to declare his accepting
of it. It did not appear what Equivalent the King of France was
to have for Dunkirk : No mention was made of it in the Treaty ;
fo the Houle of Commons made an Addrels to the Queen, de-,
iiring to know what that Equivalent was. Some Weeks paflcd
before they had an Anfwer ; at laft the Queen by a Meflageliud,
tlie French King had that Equivalent already in his own hands j
but we were ftill in the dark as to that, no further Explanation
being made of it. As to Newfoimdland, it was thought that th^
French fettling at Cape Breton, inftead of Placentia, would be
of great advantage to them with relation to the Fifhery, which is
the only tiling, that makes Settlements in thofe Parts of any
Value. The Englijh have always pretended that, the firft Dilco-
very o^ Newfoundland being made in Henry the Seventh's Time,
the Right to it was in the Crown o{ England. The French had leave
given them in King Charles the Firft's Time to fi{h there, paying
Tribute, as an Acknowledgment of that Licence : It is true, they
carried this much further, during the Civil Wars ; and this grew
to a much greater heighth in the Reign of KingC^^r/^jthe Second:
But in King Williams Time, an AA of Parliament pafled, affert-
ing the Right of the Crown to Newfound la^td, laying open the
Trade thither to all the Subjedls of Great Britain, with a pofi-
tive and conftant Exclulion of all Aliens and Foreigners : Thele
were the Refledtions on the Treaty of Peace ; but there were more
important Objecftions made to the Treaty of Commerce. During
K. Charles the Second's Reign, our Trade with Fraiice was often
and loudly complained of, as very prejudicial to the Nation;
there was a CommifHon appointed in the Year 1674, to adjuft
the Conditions of our Commerce with that Nation, and then
it appeared, in a Scheme that was prepared by very able Mer-
chants, that we loft every Year a Million of Money by our Trade
thither. This was then io well received, that the Scheme was
entred into the Journals of both Houfes of Parliament, and into
the Books of the Cuftom-Houfe : But the Court at that time fa-
voured the Interefts o{ France fo much, preferably to their own,
that the Trade went flill on 'till the Year 1678, when the Parlia-
ment laid, upon all French Commodities, fuch a Duty as amounted
to a Prohibition, and was to laft for three Years, and to tlie
end of the next SefHon of Parliament : At the end of the

three

620 The History of the Reign

jm jn. three Years, King Charles called no more Parliaments; and that
Aft was repealed in King James's, Parliament : But, during the
whole laft War, high Duties were laid on all the Produc-
tions and Manufa<ftures of France \ which by this Treaty were
to be no higher charged, than the fame Produftions from other
Countries. It was faid that, if we had been as often beat by
the French', as they had been by us, this would have, been
thought a very hard Treaty ; and if the Articles of our Com-
merce had been fettled, before the Duke of Ormond was or^
dered to feparate his Troops from the Confederates, the French
could not have pretended to draw us into fuch Terms, as they
had infifled on fince that time, becaufe we put ourfelves into
their power. We were engaged by our Treaty with Portugal^
that their Wines fhould be charged a third part lower than the
FrenchV^m^s ; but if the Duties were, according to this Treaty of
Commerce, to be made equal, then coniidering the Difference of
Freight, v/hich is more than double from Portugal, the Frefich
Wines v.'ould be much cheaper ; and the Nation generally liking
them better, by this means v^^e fhould not only break our Treaties
with Portugal but if we did not take off their Wines, we muft
lofe their Trade, which was at prefent the mofl: advantageous, that
we drove any where : For befides a great Vent of our Manufac-
tures, we brought over yearly great Returns of Gold from thence;
four, five, and fix hundred thoufand Pounds a-year. We had
brought the Silk Manufadlure here to fo great Perfeftion, that
about 300000 People were maintained by it. For carrying
this on, \vc brought great Qiiantities of Silk from Italy andTurkji
by which People in thofe Countries came to take off as great
Quantities of our Manufactures: So that our Demand for Silk had
opened good Markets for our Woollen Goods abroad, which muft
fail, if our Manufafture of Silk at home fhould be loft: Which,
if once we gave a free Vent for Silk Stuffs from France among us,
muft foon be the cafe ; fince the Cheapnefs of Provifions and of
Labour in Fra?Ke, would enable the French to underfell us, even
at our own Markets. Our Linnen and Paper Manufaftures
would likewifc be ruined by a free Importation of the fame
Goods from France. Thefe things came to be fb generally well
underftood; that even, while flattering Addreffes were com-
ing to Court from all the Parts of the Ifland, Petitions came from
the Towns and Counties concerned in Trade, fetting forth the
Prejudice they apprehended from this Treaty of Commerce. The
Minifters ufed all poffible Arts to bear this Clamour down ; they
called it Fadion, and decried it with a Boldnefs, that would
have furprized any, but thofe who had obferved the Methods, they
-' i- ' had

of Slue en Anne. 621

liad taken for many Years, to vent the foulefl: Calumnies, and 1713.
the falfeft Mirrcpfcfentations poflible. But the Matter came to ' — '^ '
be fo univer(ally apprehended, that it could not be dilguifed.

The Houfe of Commons gave an Aid of Two Shiijmgs in the Ai.igivetibjr
Pound, tho' the Minifters hoped to have carried it higher; butn.o:i.""'
the Members durft not venture on that, fince a new Election
was foon to follow the Conclufion of the Seflion : Thev went
next to renew the Doty on Malt, for another Year ; and here a
Debate arofe, that was kept up fome Days in both Houfes of Par-
liament, whether it fliould be laid on the whole IHand : It was w^scou
carried in the Affirmative, of which the Scots complained heavily, y^-^^- '*"->f
as a Burden that their Country could not bear: And whereas it chirked
was faid, that thofe Duties ought to be laid equally on all the DuJ/!)*
Subjects of the United Kingdom, the Scots infifled on an Article ^*^''
of the Union, by which it was ftipulated, that no Duty fLould
be laid on the Malt in Scotland during the War, which ought to
be obferved religioufly. They faid, it was evident, the War
■with Spaifi was not yet ended ; no Peace with that Crown was
yet proclaimed, nor fo much as figned : And, tho' it was as
good as made, and was every day expedled, yet it was a Maxim
in the Conflrudion of all Laws, that odious Matters ought to be
ftridly underftood, whereas Matters of Favour were to be more
liberally interpreted. It was farther faid on the Scotch fide, that
this Duty was, hy the very Words of the Adl, to be applied to
Deficiencies during the War : So this A61 was, upon the Matter,
making Scotland pay that Duty during the War, from which the
Articles of the Union did by exprefs Words exempt them. A
great number of the Englijh were convinced of the Equity o(
thefe Grounds, that xhc Scots went on; but the Majority was on the
other fide. So, when the Bill had pafled thro' the Houfe of Com-
mons, all the Scots of both Houles met together, and agreed to And moved
move for an Aft, difiTolving the Union ; they went firft to the u "^ ^'''^
Queen, and told her how grievous and indeed intolerable this
Duty would be to their Country, fo that they were under a ne-
cefiity to try, how the Union might be broken. The Queen
leemed uneafy at the Motion ; fhe ftudied to divert them from
it, and aflured them that her Officers fhould have Orders to make
it eafy to them. This was imderftood to imply that the Duty
ffiould not be levied ; but they knew this could not be depended
on : So the Motion was made in the Houfe of Lords, and moft
of the Lords of that Nation fpoke to it : They fet forth all the
Mardfhips, that they lay under fince the Union; they had
no more a Council in Scotlafid\ their Peers at preient were the
only Perfofis in the whole Ifland, that were judge-d incapable of
\v,\.. 11. 7 T " Peerage

nion dil-
folved.

622 The History of the ReUm

•J o

171^. Peerage by Defcent j their Laws were altered in Matters of
"^^ — 'T-^ the highcft Importance, particularly in Matters of Treafon ; and
now an Impolition was to be laid on their Malt, which muft
prove an intolerable Burden to the Poor of that Country, and
force them to drink Water. Upon all thefe Reafons they moved
for liberty to bring in a Bill, to diffolve the Union, in which they
would give full Security, for maintaining the Queen's Preroga-
tive, and for fecuring the Proteftant Succeflion. This was op-
pofed with much Zeal by the Minifters, but was fupported by
others ; who, tho' they did not intend to give up the Unioii, yet
thought it reafonable to give a Hearing to this Motion, that they
might fee how far the Proteftant SuccelHon could be fecured, in
cafe it fhould be entertained ; but the Majority were for reje(H:-
ing the Motion : When the Malt-Bill was brought up to the
Lords, there was fuch an oppofition made to it, that fifty-fix voted
againfl: it, but fixty-four were for it, and fo it pafled.
A Bill for The Matter of the greateft Confequence in this Seflion was, a
rSy of'^'^ Bill for fettling the Commerce with France-^ according to the
wrU'-fv'" Treaty, and for taking off the Prohibitions and high Duties, that
efteftuai. wcrc laid on the Prod unions of FraiKe. The Traders in the
City Qi{ London-, and Thofe in all the other Parts o{ England were
alarmed, with the great Prejudice this would bring on the whole
Nation. The 'Turkey Company, thofe that traded to Portugal
and Italy., and all who were concerned in the Woollen and Silk
Manufactures, appeared before both Houfes, and fet forth the
great Mifchief, that a Commerce with Fra?7ce, on the foot of
the Treaty, would bring upon the Nation ; while none appeared
on the other fide, to anfwer their Arguments, or to fet forth the
Advantage of fuch a Commerce. It was manifeft, that none of
the trading Bodies had been confulted in it ; and the Com-
miflioners for Trade and Plantations had made very material
Obfervations on the firft Projed:, which was fent to them for their
Opinion: And afterwards, when this prefent Projedl was formed,
it was alio tranfmitted to that Board by the Queen's Order, and
they were required to make their Remarks on it : but Arthur
Moor., who had rifen up from being a Footman without any
Education, to be a great Dealer in Trade, and was the Perfon
of that Board, in whom the Lord Treafurcr confided moft,
moved that they might firft read it every one a-part, and
then debate it; and he defired to have the firft Perufal: So he
took it away, and never brought it back to them, but gave it
to the Lord Bolingbrokey who carried it to Parisy and there it was
fettled. The Bill was very feebly maintained by thofe who ar-
gued for it; yet the Majority went with the Bill 'till the laft day;

and

of ^een A in n e. 6 23

and then the oppofition to it was fo ftrong, that the Miniflcrs lyi-^.
feemcd inclined to let it fall: But it was not then known, vvhe- *—->-—'
ther this was only a Feint, or whether the Inftances of the French
Ambafilidor, and the Engagements, that our Minifters were un-
der to that Court, prevailed for carrying it on. It was brought to
the laft Step; and then a great many of tliofe, who had hitherto
gone along with the Court, broke from them in this Matter, and
befliirred themfelves fo eftbdually, that when itcame to the laflDi-
vifion, 185 were for the Bill, and 194 were againft it: By fofmall
aMajority was a Bill of fuch great Importance loft. But the Houfe
of Commons, to foften the ill Conftrudions that might be made
of their reje<fting this Bill, made an Addrefs to the Queen, in
which they thanked her for the Peace fhe had concluded, and
for the Foundation laid for fettling our Commerce ; and prayed
her to name Commiflaries to regulate and finifh that Matter. '

To this the Queen fent an Anfwer, of a fingular Compofitioni
She (aid, flie was glad to fee they were fb well pleaicd with the
Treaty of Peace and Commerce, that fhe bad made, and afiured
them that fhe would ufe her beft Endeavours to fee all the Ad-
vantages, that fbe had ftipulated for her Subjed:s, performed :
This was furprizing, fince the Houfe of Commons had fuffi-
ciently fhewed, how little they were pleafed with the Treaty of
Commerce, by their rejeding the Bill, that was offered to con-
firm it ; and this was infinuated in their Addrefs itfelf: But it
was pleafantly faid, that the Queen anfwered them, according
to what ought to have been in their Addrefs, and not according
to what was in it ; befides it was obfervable, that her Promife,
to maintain what was already flipulated, did not at all anfwer the
Prayer of their Addrefs. This was all that pafled in this Sefiion of
Parliament with relation to the Peace. It was once apprehended,
that the Miniflers would have moved for an Ad, or at leafl for
an Addrefs, approving the Peace; and upon that I prepared a
Speech, which I intended to make on the Subjed : It was the
only Speech, that I ever prepared beforehand ; but fince that
Matter was never brought into the Houfe, I had no occafion to
make it ; yet I think proper to infert it here, that I may deliver
down my Thoughts of this great Tranfadion to Pofterity.

" IV /T^ Lords, this Matter now before you, as it is of the ^^ s^j,^^

" 1. ▼ J. greatefl Importance, fo it may be fcen in very different ^ prepared

" Lights; I will not meddle with the Political View of it ; I a- proba-

" leave that to Perfons, who can judge and fpeak of it much Pc"(°4'oui(i

" better than I can: I will only oHer to you what appears l^^^^^f^ ,

*< to me, when 1 coniider it, with relation to the Rules of of Lords.

" Morality

624 The History of the Reign

1 7 I 3. " Morality and Religion ; in this I am fure I acTt within my proper
" Sphere. Some things ftick fo with me, that I could have no
<« Quiet in my Confcience, nor think I had anfwered the Duty
« of" my Fundlion, if 1 did not make ufe of the Freedom of
" Speech, that our ConfHtution and the Privileges of this Houfe
" aliov/ me : I am the more encouraged to do this, becaufe the
« bringing thofe of our Order into Publick Councils, in which
" we have now fuch a fhare, was originally intended for this
" very end, that we fhould offer fuch Confiderations, as arife
" from the "Rules of our Holy Religion, in all Matters that may
" come before us. In the opening my Senfe of things, I may
" be forced to ufe fome Words, that may perhaps appear fevere:
" I cannot help it, if the Nature of thefe Affairs is fuch, that I
" cannot fpeak plainly of them, in a fofter ftrain : I intend not
« to refiedl on any Perfon : And I am fure I have fuch a pro-
" found Refped for the Queen, that no part of what I may fay,
" can be underftood to refled: on her in any fort: Her Inten-
" tions are, no doubt, as fhe declares them to be, all for the
^< Good and Happinefs of her People ; but it is not to be fup-
" pofed, that fhe can read long Treaties, or carry the Articles of
" them in her Memory : So if things have been either concealed
" from her, or mifreprefented to her, She can do no Wrong :
" And, if any fuch thing has been done, we know on whom
" our Conftitution lays the Blame.

" The Treaties that were made fome Years ago with our Allies
" are in print ; both the Grand Alliance, and Ibme fubfequent
" ones: We fee many things in thefe, that are not provided
« for by this Peace; it was in particular ftipulated, that no Peace
" fhould be treated, much lefs concluded, without the Confent
" of the Allies. But, before I make any Obfervations on this, I
" muft defire you will confider how facred a thing the publick
" Faith, that is engaged in Treaties and Alliances, fhould be
*< efteemed.

" I hope, I need not tell you, that even Heathen Nations va-
" lued themfelves upon their Fidelity, in a pundual oblerving
« of all their Treaties, and with how much Infamy they branded
" the Violation of them : If we confider that, which Revealed
" Religion teaches us to know, that Man was made after the
" Image of God, the God of all Truth, as we know who is the
" Father of Lyes ; God hates the deceit ftd Man^ in whofe Mouth
" there is no Faithfulnefs. In that lefs perfed: Religion of the
" yewsj when the Gibeonites had, by a fraudulent Proceeding,
" drawn Jajhua and the Ifraelites into a League with them, it
" was facredly gbferved ; and the Violation oi it, Ibme Ages

" after,

I

of ^een Anne. 625

" after, was (everely punifhed. And, when the Lift of the Kjnga 1713,

*' of Judah fliook off the Fidelity, to wliich he had bound him-

" felf to the King of Bafy/of!, the Prophet thereupon faid with

" Indignation, Shall he break the Oath of God, and pro/per? The

" Swearing deceitfully is one of the worft Ciiaraders ; and He

*' who fwears to his own hurt, ami changes not, is among the

" beft. It is a Maxim of the wifeft of Kings, tliat the Throne is

" ejlablijhed by Righteoufnefs. Treaties are of the nature of Oaths;

" and when an Oath is asked to confirm a Treaty, it is never dc-

** nied. The beft Account that I can give of the difufe of adding

" that Sacred Seal to Treaties is this :

" The Popes had for fome Ages poflefled themfelvcs of a
" Power, to which they had often recourfe, of diflblving the
" Faith of Treaties, and the Obligation of Oaths: The famous,
" but fatal Story of Ladijlaus, King of Hungary, "breaking his
" Faith to Amurath the Turk, by virtue of a Papal Difpenfation,
" is well known. Oneofthelaft publickA6lsof this fort was, when
" Pope Clement the Seventh abfolved Francis the Firft, from
** the Treaty made and fworn to at Madrid, while he was a Pri-
foner there: The fevere Re^venge that Charles the Fifth took of
this, in the Sack of Rome, and in keeping that Pope for fome
Months a Prifoner, has made Popes more cautious, ftrice that
time, than they were formerly: This alfo drew fuch heavy but
** juft Reproaches, on the Papacy, from the Reformers, that fome
" ftop feems now to be put to fuch a barefaced Protedidn of Per-
** jury. But the late King told me, that he underftood from the
" German Proteflant Princes, that they believed the Confeflbrs of*
" Popifli Princes had Faculties from Rome, for doing this as ef-
" fedually, tho' more fecretly : He added, that they knew it
" went for a Maxim among Popifh Princes, that their Word and
" Faith bound them as they were Men, and Members of Society j
" but that their Oaths, being Ads of Religion, were fubjedl to the
Diredion of their Confeflbrs; and that they, apprehending
this, did, in all their Treaties with the Princes of that Religion,
depend upon their Honour, but never asked the Confirmation
of an Oath, which had been the Pradice of former Ages. The
Proteftants of France thought they had gained an additional
" Security, for oblerving the Edii!t of Nantes, when the fwearing
" to obferve it was made a part of the Coronation Oath : But it
" is probable, this very thing undermined and ruined it.

" Grotius, Puffendorf, and others who have wrote of the Law

" of Nations, lay this down for a rule, that the Nature of a

" Treaty, and the Tie that arifes out of it, is not altered by tlie

" having or not having an Oath ; the Oath ferves only to heighten

Vol. II. 7U "the

(C
(C
(C

cc
cc

<c

((

Conatut.

626 The History of the Reign

I y 1 3. " the Obligation. They do alfo agree in this, that GDnfederacies
« — V — i « do not bind States, to carry on a War to their Utter Ruin ; but
summu/ " that Princes and States are bound to ufe their Utmojl Efforts^
*' in maintaining them : And it is agreed by all, who have treated
" of thefe Matters, that the common Enemy, by offering to any
" one Confederate all his Pretenfions, cannot juftify his departing
" from the Confederacy ; becaufe it was entered into with that
" View, that all the Pretenfions, upon which the Confederacy
" was made, fhould be infifted on or departed from> by common
" Confent.

" It is true, that in Confederacies, where Allies are bound to
" the Performance of feveral Articles, as to their Quotas or Shares,
" if any one fails in tlie Part he was bound to, the other
" Confederates have a right to demand a Reparation for his Non-
** performance : But even in that cafe, Allies are to ad: as
" Friends, by making Allowances for what could not be helped,
" and not as Enemies by taking Advantages, on delign to difen-
" gage them from their Allies. It is certain. Allies forfeit their
" Right to the Alliance, if they do not perform their Part : But
" the Failure muft be evident, anti, an Expoftulation muft be
" firfl made : And, if upon Satisradlion demanded, it is not
" given, then a Proteftation fhould be made, of fuch Non-per-
*' formance ; and the reft of the Confederates are at Hberty, as
" to him who fails on his part : Thcle are reckoned among the
" Cuftoms and Laws of Nations : And, iincc nothing of this
" kind has been done, I cannot fee how it can be made out, that
" the Tie of the Confederacy, and by confequence, that the
" Publick Faith has not been firft broken on our fide.

" My Lords, I cannot reconcile the carrying on a Treaty with
" the French^ without the Knowledge and Concurrence of the
" other Confederate States and Princes, and the concluding it,
" without the Confent of the Emperor, the principal Confede-
" rate, not to mention the vifible Uneafinefs that has appeared in
" the others, who feem to have been forced to confent, by De-
" clarations, if not by Threatnings, from hence : I fay, I cannot
" reconcile this, with the Articles of the Grand Alliance, and the
" other later Treaties, that are in Print : This feems to come
" within the Charge of the Prophet againft thofe who deal treache-
" ?'otiJly, with thofe who had not dealt treacheroujly with them ;
" upon which, the Threatening that follows may be juftly ap-
*' prehended : It will have a flrange Sound among all Chriftians,
*' but more'particularly among the Reformed, wJicn it is reported,
" that the Plenipotentiary of the Head of the Reformed Princes,
" faid openly to the other Plenipotentiaries, that the Qccen held

j " herfelf

of ilueen AnneJ 627

" herfelf free from all her Treaties and Alliances: If this be fet 1713.

« for a Precedent, here is a fhort way of difpenfing with the

*« Publick Faith; and if this was fpoken by one of our Prelates,

" I am afraid it will leave a heavy Reproach on our Church ;

« and, to fpeak freely, I am afraid it will draw a much heavier

" Curfe after it. My Lords, there is a God in Heaven, who will

" judge all the World, without refped of Perfons: Nothing can

« profper without his Blefling : He can blaft all the Counfels of

" Men, when laid in Fraud and Deceit, how cunningly foever

" they may be either contrived or difguifed: And I muft think

" that a Peace made, in oppofition to the exprefs Words of fo

»< many Treaties, will prove a Curfe inftead of a Ble/Ting to us:

" God is provoked by fuch Proceedings, to pour heavy Judg'

" ments on us, for the Violation of a Faith fo often given, which

" is fo openly broken: By this our Nation is difhonoured, and

" our Church difgraced: And I dread to think, what the Con-

" fequence of thofe things is like to prove. I would not have

" exprefled myfelf in fuch a manner, if I had not thought, that

" I was bound to it by the Duty that I owe to Almighty God,

<* by my Zeal for the Queen, and the Church, and by my Love

" to my Country. Upon fo great an occafion, I think my Poft

" in tl^ Church and in this Houfe lays me under the ftrideft

** Obligations to difcharge my Confcience, and to fpeak plainly

<* without Fear or Flattery, let the effed: of it, as to myfelf, be

« what it will : I fhall have the more quiet in my own Mind,

** both living and dying, for having done that, which feemed

" to me an indifpenfable Duty.

" I hope this Houfe will not bring upon themfelves and the
" Nation, the Blame and Guilt of approving that, which feems
** to be much more juflly cenfurable: The Reproach that may
" belong to this Treaty, and the Judgments of God, that may
" follow on it, are now what a few only are concerned in.
<« A national Approbation is a thing of another nature, the pub-
<« lick Breach of Faith, in the Attack that was made on the
«* Smyrna Fleet forty Years ago, brought a great Load of Infamy
« on thole, who advifed and dirededit; but they were more
« modeft than to ask a publick Approbation of fo opprobrious a
<« Fad: : It lay on a few ; and the Nation was not drawn in to
« a fhare in the Guilt of that, which was then univerlally de-
« tefted, tho' it was pafTed over in filence : It feems enough, if
" not too much, to be filent on fuch an Occafion. I can carry
" my Compliances no further."

628 The History of the Reign

1713.

•— "V — J I now go on with the Account what was farther done in this Sef-
of Money fion : The Houfe of Commons was, as to all other things except the
Lift De£'' Matter of Commerce, fo entirely in the hands of the Minifters,
that they ventured on a new Demand, of a very extraordinary
nature, which was made in as extraordinary a manner. The Ci-
vil Lift, which was eftimated at 600,000 /. a-year, and was
given for the ordinary Support of the Government, did far ex-
ceed it : And this was fo evident that, during the three firft Years
of the Queen's Reign, 100,000/. was every Year applied to the
War; 200,000 /. was laid out in building of Blenheim Houle,
and the entertaining the Palatines had coft the Queen 100,000 /.
So that here was apparently a large Overplus, beyond what was
neceffary towards the Support of the Government. Yet thele
extraordinary Expences had put the ordinary Payments into fuch
an Arrear, that at Midfummer 1 7 1 o, the Queen owed 5 1 0,000/.
But upon a new Account, this was brought to be 80,000/.
lefs; and at that time, there was an Arrear of 190,000/. due to
the Civil Lift ; thefe two Sums together amounting to 270,000/.
the Debt that remained was but 240,000 /. Yet now, in the
end of the Seftion, when, upon the rejediing the Bill of Com-
merce, moft of the Members were gone into the Country^, fo that
there were not 1 80 of them left, a Meflage was fent to the
Houfe of Commons, defiring a power to mortgage a Branch
of the Civil Lift, for thirty-two Years, in order to raife upon it
500,000/.
Reafons This was thought a Demand of very bad confequence, fince

^gam It- j.|jg granting it to one Prince would be a Precedent to grant the
like to all future Princes; and, as the Account of the Debt was
deceitfully ftated, fo it was known, that the Funds fet off for the
Civil Lift would increafe confiderably in times of Peace: So an
Oppofttion was made to it, with a great Superiority in point
of Argument, but there was a great Majority for it : And all
People concluded, that the true end of getting fo much Money
into the hands of the Court, was to furnifti their Creatures fuffi-
ciently, for carrying their Eledions.
But it was The Lords were lenfible, that the method of procuring this
j^ranced. Supply was contrary to their Privileges, fince all publick Supplies
were either asked from the Throne, or by a Meflage which was
fent to both Houfes at the fame time : ThisPrad:ice was enquired
into by the Lords; no Precedents came up to it ; but fome came
fo near it, that nothing could be made of the Objcdion. But the
Minifters, apprehending that an oppofition would be made to the

Bill,

of ^een Anne. ? 629

Bill, if it came up alone, got it confolidated with another of 1713.
1,200,000 /. that was before them. And the weight of thefe ^— -v~— /
two joined together, made them both pafs in the Houfe of
Lords, without oppofition.

While this was in agitation, the Earl of Wharton fet forth, Addrcfi of
in the Houfe of Lords, the Danger the Nation was in by the J^g^^hf"
Pretenders being fettled in Lorrain ; fo he moved, that an Ad- ^'''^
drefs fhould be made to the Queen, defiring her, to ufe her fromLw-
moft prefling Inftances, with the Duke of Lorrain to remove ""**
him, and with all Princes, that were in Amity or Correipon-
dence with her, not to receive the Pretender.^ nor to fuffer him
to continue in their Dominions : This was oppoled by none,
but the Lord North', fo it was carried to the Queen. The Day
after the Lords had voted this, Stanhope made a Motion to
the fiime purpofe in the Houfe of Commons, and it was agreed
to, Nemine Contradicente. The Queen, in her Anfwer to the
Addrels of the Lords, faid, fhe would repeat the Inftances,
fhe had already ufed, to get that Perfon removed, according to
their Deiire in the Addrels : This icemed to import, that fhc
had already prefled the Duke of Lorrain on that Subject, tho'
the Minifters, in the Houle of Lords, acknowledged that they
knew of no Applications made to the Duke of Lorrain, and
thought the Words of the Anfwer related only to the Inftances
fhe had ufed, to get the Pretender to be fent out of France :
But the natural Signification of the Words, feeming to relate
to the Duke of Lorrain, the Lords made a lecond Addrefs, in
which they faid, they were furprized to find, that thofe In-
ftances had not their full ejfFeft, notwithftanding the Kings of
France and Spain had fhewed their Compliance with her De-
fire, on that occafion : All the Anfwer brought to this was,
that the Queen received it gracioufly. She anfwercd the Com-
mons more plainly, and promifed to ufe her Endeavours to get
him removed. It was generally believed, that the Duke of Lor-
rain did not confent to receive him, till he lent one over, to
know the Queen's Pleafure upon it, and that he was very readily
informed of That.

In the end of May, Spratt, Biftiop of Rochejler, died ; his The Deith
Parts were very bright in his Youth, and gave great Hopes ; S^jf'"'
but thefe were blafted by a lazy libertine Courfe of Life, to
which his Temper and Good Nature carried him, without con-
fidering the Duties or even the Decencies of his ProfeiFion : He
was juftly efteemed a great Mafter of our Language, and one of
our corredeft Writers. Atterbury fucceeded him in that See,

Vol. II. 7 X and

630 77?^ History of the Reign

1 71 3. and in the Deanry of Wefiminjier : Thus was he promoted, and
rewarded for all the Flame, that he had raifed in our Church.
Compton^ Bifhop of London^ died in the beginning o^Julyy in the
eighty-firft Year of his Age ; He was a generous and good-na-
tured Man, but eafy and weak, and much in the power of
others : He was fucceeded by Robinfon^ Bifhop of Brfftol. On
the eighteenth of July-, the Queen came to the Houfe of Lords,
to pafs the Bills, and to put an end to the Seflion: She made a
Speech to her Parliament, in which, after fhe had thanked them
for the Service they had done the Publick, and for the Sup-
plies that the Commons had given ; fhe faid, fhe hoped the Af-
fair of Commerce would be fo well underflood at their next
Meeting, that the advantageous Conditions, fhe had obtained
from France^ would be made effedual, for the Benefit of our
Trade : She enlarged on the Praifes of the prefent Parliament ;
fhe laid, at their firft Meeting they had eafed the Subjedls of
more than Nine Millions, without any further Charge on them,
not to mention the Advantage, which the way of doing it, might
bring to the Nation ; and now they had enabled her likewife to
pay her Debts : They had fupported the War, and ftrengthened
her hands, in obtaining a Peace : She told them, at her firft
coming to the Crown, fhe found a War prepared for her : And
that file had now made her many Vidorics ufeful, by a fafe and
honourable Peace. She promifed herlelf, that with their Con-
currence, it would be lading : She defired .^ they woiild make
her Subjedls fenfible, what they gained by the Peace, and en-
deavour to diflipate all the groundlefs Jealoufies, which had
been too induftrioufly fomented ; that fo our Divifions might not
endanger the Advantages, fiie had obtained for her Kingdoms :
There were fome (very few fhe hoped) that would never be la-
tisfied with any Government ; fhe hoped they would exert them-
felves, to obviate the Malice of the Ill-minded, and to unde-
ceive the Deluded : She recommended to them the adhering to
the Conftitution in Church and State ; fuch Perfons had the
beft Title to her favour ; fhe hud no other Aim, but their Ad-
vantage, and the fecuring our Religion, and Liberty ; fhe hoped
to meet a Parliament next Winter, that (hould aft upon the
fime Principles, and with the fame Prudence and Vigour, to
fupport the Liberties of Europe abroad, and to reduce the Spirit
of Fadion at home. Few Speeches from the Throne hi ve in
my time been more feverely reflected on, than this was : It
feemed ftrange that the Queen, who did not pretend to under-
ftand Matters of Trade, fhould pafs fuch a Ccnfure on both

Houfes,

of, Slue en Anne* 63 f»

Houfes, for their not iinderftanding the Affair of Commerce; 1713.
fuicc at the Bar of both Houfes, and in the Debates within them
upon it, the Intereft of the Nation did appear fo viiibly to be
contrary to the Treaty of Commerce, that it looked hke a Con^
tempt put on them, to rcprcfent it as advantageous to us, and
to rank all thofe, who had oppofcd it, among the Ill-minded,
or at leaft among the Deluded. Nor did it efcape Ccnfurc,
that fhe fhould affirm, that the Nation was by them cafcd of the
Load of Nine Millions, without any further Charge, fincc the
Nation muft bear the conftant Charge of Intereft at Six per Ce^if,
till the Capital fhould be paid off. 7^^ Sharpncfs with wliich
fhe expreffcd herfelf was iingular, and not very well fuited to
her Dignity or her Sex : Nor was it well underftood, what could
be meant by her faying, that fhe found a War prepared for her,
at her coming to the Crown ; fince fhe herfelf began it, upon
the Addreffes of both Houfes. It was alfo obferved, that there
was not, in all her Speech, one Word of the Pretender^ or of
the Proteftant Succeffion j but that, which made the greateft
Impreilion on the whole Nation was, that this Speech difcovered
plainly, that the Court was refolved to have the Bill of Com-*
merce pafs in the next Seffion - All People concluded, the Mi-
nifters were under Engagements to the Court of France to get it
fettled : And this was taken to be the Senfe of the Queen's Words
concerning the making the Peace lafting ; what Effedi: this may
have on the next Eledions, which are quickly to follow, muft be
left to Time.

I am now come to the end of the War, and of this Parlia-
ment, both at once : It was fit they fhould bear fome propor-
tion to one another ; for, as t1iis was the worft Parliament I
ever faw, fo no Affembly, but one compofed as tliis was, could
have fate quiet under fuch a Peace : But I am now arrived at
my full Period, and fo fhall clofe this Work : I had a noble
Profped: before me, in a Courfe of many Years, of bringing it to
a Glorious Conclufion ; now the Scene is fo fatally altered, that
I can fcarce reftrain myfelf from giving vent to a juft Indigna-
tion, in fevere Complaints : But an Hiftorian muft tell things
truly as they are, and leave the delcanting on them to o-
thers : So I here conclude this Hiftory of above three and fifty
Years.

I pray God it may be read with the fame Candor and Since-
rity, with which I have written it, and with fuch a degree of

Attention,

632

The History, e^^.

1713. Attention, as may help thofe who read it, to form juft Re-
flexions, and found Principles of Religion and Virtue, of Duty
to our Princes, and of Love to our Country, with a Uncere and
incorruptible Zeal to preferve our ReHgion, and to maintain our
Liberty and Property,

THE

(633)

THE

CONCLUSION,

HAVE now fet out the State of' Affairs for above
half a Century, with all the Care and Attention that
I was capable of: I have enquired into all Matters
among us, and have obferved them, during thecourfe
of my Life, with a particular Application and Im-
partiality. But my Intention in writing was not fo much, to
tell a fine Tale to the World, and to amufe them with a Difco-
very of many Secrets and of Intrigues of State, to blaft the Me-
mory of fbme and to exalt others, to dilgrace one Party and to
recommend another : My chief Defign was better formed, and
deeper laid : It was to give fuch a Difcovery of Errors in Go-»
vernment, and of the Excefies and Follies of Parties, as may make
the next Age wifer, by what I may tell them of the laft. And
I may prefume, that the Obfervations I have made, and the Ac-
count that I have given, will gain me fo much Credit, that I
may fpeak with a plain Freedom to all forts of Perfons : This
not being to be publifhed 'till after I am dead, when Envy, Jea-
loufy or Hatred will be buried with me in my Grave ; I may
hope, that what I am now to offer to fucceeding Ages, may be
better heard, and lefs cenfured, than any thing I could offer to
the prcfent : So that this is a fort of Teftament or Dying Speech,
which I leave behind me, to be read and confidered when I can
fpcak no more : I do mofl: earneflily beg of God to diredt me in it,
and to give it fuch an effed on the Minds of thofe who read
it, that I may do more Good, when dead, than I could ever hope
to do while I was alive.

Vol. II. 7 Y My

634

The Conclusion.

The Doc-
trine.

The Wor-
fiiip.

My Zeal for My Thoughts have run moft, and dwelt longeft on the Con-
ot£«5W. cerns of the Church and Rehgion : Therefore I begin with them.
I have always had a true Zeal for the Church of Ejtgland ; I
have lived in its Communion with great Joy, and have purfued
its true Interefts with an unfeigned Affedion : Yet I muft fay
there are many things in it, that have been very uneafy to me.

The requiring Subfcriptions to the Thirty -nine Articles is a
great Impofition : I believe them all myfelf : But as thofe, about
Original Sin and Predeftination, might be exprelTed more'unex-
ceptionably, fo I think it is a better way, to let fuch Matters
continue to be ftill the Standard of Dodlrine, with fome few
Corrections, and to cenfure thofe who teach any contrary Te-
nets ; than to oblige all, that ferve in the Church, to fubfcribe
them : The greater Part fubfcribe without ever examining them;
and others do it becaufe they muft do it, tho' they can hardly
fatisfy their Confciences about fome things in them. Churches
and Societies are much better lecured by Laws, than by Sub-
fcriptions: It is a more realbnable, as well as a more ealy Method
of Government.

Our Worfhip is the perfedeft Compofition of Devotion, that
we find in any Church, ancient or modern : Yet the Corredlions
that were agreed to, by a Deputation of Bifhops and Divines in
the Year 1689, would make the whole Frame of our Liturgy
flill more perfedt, as well as more unexceptionable; and will, I
hope, at fome time or other, be better entertained, than they
were then. I am perfuaded they are fuch, as would bring in the
much greater part of the Diilenters to the Communion of the
Church, and are in themlelves defirable, tho' there were not a
Difl'enter in the Nation.
And Difci- As for the Ecclefiaftical Jurifdidion, it has been the Burden of
piine. jjjy Ya^q^ |-o fee how it was adminiftred : Our Courts are ma-
naged under the Rules of the Canon Law, dilatory and expen-
five: And as their Conftitution is bad, fo the Bufinefs in them is
fmall ; and therefore all poflible Contrivances are ufed, to make
the moft of thofe Caufes, that come before them: So that they are
univerfally dreaded and hated. God grant that a time may
come, in which that noble Defign, fo near being perfedled in
King Edward the Sixth's Days, of the Reformatio Legum Ec-
clejiajiicarumy may be reviewed and eftabliflied : That fo Matri-
monial and Teftamentary Caules, which are of a mixed nature,
may be left, a little better regulated, to the Lay Hands of Chan-
cellors and other Ofticers ; but that the whole Corredlion of the
Manners of the Laity, and the Inlpediion into the Lives and La-
bours of the Clergy, may be brought again into the hand of Spi-

^ ': ritual

The Conclusion. 635

ritual Men, and be ()ut into a better Method. It would be well
if, after the poor Clergy are relieved by the Tenths and Firft
Fruits, a Fund were formed (of Twenty or Thirty Pound a- year)
for the Rural Deans ; and that they, with at leaft three of the
Clergy of the Deanry, named by the Bifhop, examined into the Man-
ners both of Clergy and Laity; and after the Methods of private Ad-
monition had been tried, according to our Saviour's Rule, but with-
out effedl, that the Matter fhould be laid before the Bifhop, who,
after his Admonitions were alfo ineffedual, might proceed to
Cenfures, to a Sufpenfion from the Sacrament, and to a full Ex-
communication, as the Cafe fhould require. This would bring
our Church indeed into a primitive Form, in which at prefent
the Clergy have lefs Authority, and are under more Contempt,
than in any Church, that I have yet feen. For, tho' in the
Church of Rome the publick Authority is in general managed, ac-
cording to the Method continued among us, yet it was in many
particulars correfted by the Council of Trent; whereas we, by that
unhappy Provifb in the A61, authorizing the Thirty-two Com+-
miflioners to reform our Courts, are fatally tied down to all, that'
was in ufe in the twenty-fifth Year of King Henry the Eighth.
Befides, in that Church the Clergy have, by auricular Confefllon,
but too great an Authority over the People ; 1 am far from
thinking that to be a lawful, or even a deferable thing: But fince
that is not to be thought of, we ate in a woful condition, in
which the Clergy are, as it were, fhut out from any fhare of the
main Parts of the Care of Souls.

The want of a true well-regulated Difcipline is a great Defect, ^g^ainfi ses
own'd to be fo in the Preface to the Office of Comniination : And, par«ion.
while wc continue in this condition, we are certainly in an imperfedl
State. But this did never appear to me, to be a jufl ground of Sepa-
tion; which I could never think lawful, unlefs the Terms of
Communion among us were unlawful, and did oblige a Man to
fin : That feems to me, the only juftifiable Caufe of Separation,
of leaving the EftabHOied Church, and of fetting up a diflindt
or oppofite Communion. Nothing under this fcems to be a jufl
ground of rending the Body of Chrift, or of di/lurbing the
Order of the World and the Peace of Mankind, thereby draw-
ing on that Train of ill Confequences, that muft and do follow
upon fuch a disjointing the Society of Chriftians; by which
they become alienated from one another, and in the Sequel grow
to hate and to devour each other, and by which they are in dan-
ger of being confumed one of another.

I do wifh, and will pray for it as long as I live, that fome re- J^^nSw
eard may be had to thofe Scruples, with which the Diflenters are fcmpuious

entangled : ca.

636

The Conclusion.

entangled: And, tho' I think they are not all well grounded,
yet for Peace fake I wifh fome things may be taken away, and
that other things may be foftened and explained : Many of thefc
things were retained at the Reformation, to draw the People more
entirely into it ; who are apt to judge, efpecially in times of Ig-
norance, by outward Appearances, more than by the real Value
of things ; So the preferving an Exterior, that looked fomewhat
like what they had been formerly accuftomed to, without doubt
had a great effed: at firft on many Perfons, who, without that,
could not have been eafily brought over to adhere to that Work:
And this was a juft and lawful ConiGideration. But it is now at an
end ; none now are brought over from Popery by this means ;
there is not therefore fuch a neceflity for continuing them ftill, as
there was for keeping them up at firft. I confels, it is not advifable,
without good reafon for it, to make great Changes in things that
are vifible and fenfible; yet, upon juft Grounds, fome may be made
without any Danger. No Inconvenience could follow, on leav-
ing out the Crols in Baptifm, or on laying afi.de Surplices, and
regulating Cathedrals, efpecially as to that indecent way of finging
Prayers, and of Laymen's reading the Litany: All Bowings to
the Altar have at leaft an ill Appearance, and are of no ufe; the
excluding Parents from being the Sponfors in Baptifm, and re-
quiring them to procure others, is extreme inconvenient, and
make*' that to be a Mockery, rather than a folemn Sponfion, in
too many. Other things may be fo explained, that no juft Excep-
tions could lie to them.

Thus I wifh the Terms of Communion were made larger and
eafier ; but fince all is now bound on us by a Law, that cannot
be repealed but in Parliament, there muft be a great Change in
the Minds, both of Princes and People, before that can be brought
about : Therefore the DifTenters ought to confider well, what
they can do for Peace, without finning againft God. The To-
leration does not at all juftify their Separation ; it only takes away
the Force of Penal Laws againft them : Therefore, as Lying in com-
mon Difcourfe is ftill a Sin, tho' no Statute punifhes it ; and In-
gratitude is a bafe thing, tho' there is no Law againft it ; fb Sepa-
rating from a National Body and from the Publick Worfliip, is
certainly an ill thing, unlefs fome Sin be committed there, in
which we think ourfelves involved, by joining with that Body,
and in tliat Worfhip : So that the Toleration is only a Freedom
from Punilliment, and does not alter the nature of the thing.

^iS^Pcr- ■"■ ^^y ^^^^ ^^^^ -^^^"^ ^^y I^i^iJ^^ of Toleration ; I think it is a

fecution. Right due to all Men \ their Thoughts are not in their own power;

they muft think of things, as they appear to them ; their Con-

fciences

The Conclusion. 637

Jclences arc God's; he only knows them, and he only can change
them. And as the Authority of Parents orer their Children is
antecedent to Society, and no Law, that takes it away, can he
binding; foMen are bound, antecedently to all Society, to fol-
low what appears to them to be the Will of God ; and, if Men
would ad koneftly, the Rule of doing to all others what we
would have others do to us, would foon determine this Mat-
ter ; fince every honeft Man muft own, that he would think
himfelf hardly dealt with, if he were ill ufed for his Opinions,
and for performing fucli Parts of Worfhip, as he thought himfelf
indifpenfably obliged to. Lideed the Church of Rome has fomc
colour for her Cruelty, iinee fhe pretends to be infallible. But
thefe Pradices are abfurdly unreafonable among thofe, who own
that they may be miftaken, and fo may be perfecuting the Innocent
and the Orthodox. Perfecution, if it were lawful at all, ought to be
extreme, and go, as it does in the Church o^Rome^ to Extirpation;
for the bad Treatment of tho/e, who are fulfered ftill to live in a
Society, is the creating fo many Malecontents, who at fomc time or
other may make thofe, who treat them ill, feel their Revcncjc: And
the Principle of Perfecution, if true, is that, to which all have a
Right, when they have a Power to put it in practice : Since they,
being perfuaded that they are in the right, from that muft believe
they may lawfully exert againft others that Severity, under which
they groaned long themfelves. This will be aggravated in them by
the Voice of Revenge, which is too apf to be well heard by hu-
man Nature, chiefly when it comes with the Mask and Ap-
pearance of ZeaL I add not here any Political Confi derations,
from the apparent Intereft of Nations, which muft difpofe them
to encourag*^ the Encreafe of their People, to advance Induftry>
and to become a Sanduary to all, who are opprcfled : But tho'
this is vilible and is confciled by all, yet I am now confidering
this Matter only as it is righteous, juft, and merciful, in the
Principle ; for if it were not fo well fupported In tliofe refpeds;
other Motives would only be a Temptation to Princes and States
to be governed by Intereft, more than by their Duty.

Having thus given my Thoughts in general, with relation to m-,- •
tlie Conftitution of our Church and the Communion with it, I SkSt
ihali proceed, in the next place, to that which is fpecial with re- «^<^ ^''-''^g/'
lation to the Clergy. I have faid a great deal on this Head, in
my Book of the Pafloral Care^ which of all the Trads I ever
wrote, is that in which I rejoice the moft; And, tho' it has
brought much Anger on me from thofe, who will not fubmit to
tive Plan there laid dowjo, yet it has done much Good during my

Vol. li. 7 Z owa

63'3

The Conclusion*

own Life, and I hope it will do yet more good, after I am dead :
This is a Subjedl I have thought much upon, and fo I will here
add fome things, to what will be found in that Book.
An inward No Man Ought to think of this Profeffion, unlefs he feels within
Vocation. |jimfelf a Lovc to Religion, with a Zeal for it, and an internal
true Piety ; which is chiefly kept up by lecret Prayer, and by
reading of the Scriptures : As long as thefe things are a Man's
Burden, they are infallible Indications, that he has no inward
Vocation, nor Motion of the Holy Ghofl: to undertake it. . The
Capital Error in Men's preparing themfelves for that Fundion is,
that they ftudy Books more than themfelves, and that they read
Divinity more in other Books, than in the Scriptures : Days of
Prayer, Meditation, and Falling, at leaft once a quarter in the
Ember Week, in which they may read over and over again both
Offices of Ordination, and get by heart thofe Paflages in the
Epiftles to Timothy and Titus^ that relate to this Fundlion, would
form their Minds to a right Senfe of it, and be an effedual
mean to prepare them duly for it.

Ask yourfelves often (for thus I addrefs my felf to you, as if I
were ftill alive) would you follow that courfe of Life, if there
were no fettled Eftablifhment belonging to it, and if you were
to preach under the Crofs, and in danger of Perfecution? For till
you arrive at that, you are yet carnal, and come into the Prieft-
hood, for a Piece of Bread : Study to keep alive in you a Flame
of exalted Devotion ; be talking often to yourfelves, and com-
muning with your own Hearts ; digeft all that you read care-
fully, that you may remember it fo well, as not to be at a lols
when any Point of Divinity is talked of: A little Study well di-
gefted, in a good ferious Mind, will go a great way, and will
lay in Materials for your whole Life: Above all things, raife within
yourfelves a Zeal for doing Good, and for gaining Souls ; in-
deed I have lamented, during my whole Life, that I faw fo little
true Zeal among our Clergy : I faw much of it in the Clergy
of the Church of Rome-, tho' it is both ill direded and ill con-
duced : 1 faw much Zeal likewile throughout the foreign
Churches : The Diffenters have a great deal among them ; but I
V muft own, that the main Body of our Clergy has always ap-
peared dead and lifelefs to me ; and inftead of animating one
another, they feem rather to lay one another afleep. Without a
viiibie Alteration in this, you will fall under an univcrial Con-
tempt, and lofe both the Credit and the Fruits of your Mi-
niftry.
TheFunc- When you are ?n Orders, be ever ready to perform all the
Oagy-*^^ Parts of your Fundion^ be not anxious about a Settlement ;

fludy

The Conclusion. 630

ftudy to dlftingulfli yourftlvcs in your Studies, Labours, exem-
plary Deportment, and a juft Sweetnefs of Temper, managed
with Gravity and Difcretion ; and as for what concerns your
felves, depend on the Providence of God; for he will in due
time raife up Friends and Benefacflors to you. I do affirm this,
upon the Obfervation of my whole Life, that I never knew
any one, who conduced himfelf by thefe Rules, but he was
brought into good Pofts, or at leaft into an eafy State of Sub-
iiftence.

Do not affedl to run into new Opinions, nor to heat yourfelves
in Difputes, about Matters of fmall Importance: Begin with fet-
tling in your Minds the Foundations of your Faith ; and be full
of this, and ready at it, that you may know how to deal with
Unbelievers ; for that is the /[^reading Corruption of this Age :
There are i^vf Athcifts, but many Inlidels, who are indeed very
little better than the Atheifts. In this Argument, you ought to take
pains to have all well digefted, and clearly laid in your Thoughts,
that you may manage the Controverfy gently, without any Afpe-
rity of Words, but with a Strength of Reafon: In difputing, do
not ofier to anfvver any Argument, of which you never heard
before, and know nothing concerning it ; that will both expole
you, and the Caufc you maintain ; and, if you feel yourfelves
grow too warm at any time, break off and perfift no longer in
the difpute ; for you may by that grow to an indecent heat, by
which you may wrong the Caufe, which you endeavour to defend.
In the Matter of Myfteries be very cautious ; for the Simplicity,
in which thofe fublime Truths are delivered in the Scriptures,
ought to be well ftudied and adhered to : Only one part of the
Argument fliould be infifted on, I mean, the Shortnefs and De-
fcdivenefs of our Faculties ; which being well confidered, will
afford a great Variety of noble Speculations, tiiat are obvious and
eafily apprehended, to reftrain the wanton Sallies of fome pe-
tulant Men.

Study to underftand well the Controversies of the Church of
Romey chiefly thofe concerning Infallibility and Tranfubftantia-
tion ; for, in managing thofe, their Miffionaries have a particu-
lar Addrefs. Learn to view Popery in a true Light, as a Con-
fpiracy to exalt the Pov/er of the Clergy, even by fubjeding the
moft lacred Truths of Religion to Contrivances for raifing their
Authority, and by offering to the World another Method of
being faved, bcfides that prefcribed in the Gofpel. Popery is a
Mafs of Impoftures, fupported by Men, who manage them with
great Advantages, and impofe them with inexpreflible Severities,

oa

640

The Conclusion.

on thofe Who dare call any thing in queflion, that they didlate to
them. I fee a Spirit rifing among us, too like that of the Church
o^Rome^ of advancing the Clergy beyond their due Authority, to
an unjuft Pitch : 'this rather heightens Jealoufies and Prejudices
againft us, than advances our real Authority ; and it will fortify
the Defigns of profane Infidels, who defire nothing more than
to fee the publick Miniftry of the Church firft difgraced, and
then aboliflied. The carrying any thing too far does commonly
lead Men into the other Extream : We are the Difpenfers of
the Word and Sacraments ; and the more faithful and diligent
we are in this, the World will pay fo much the more Refped: and
Submiflionto us: And our maintaining an Argument for more
Power, than we now have, will be of no effcdt, unlefs the
World fees, that we make a good ufe of the Authority, that is
already in our hands : It is with the Clergy as with Princes ;
the only way to keep their Prerogative from being uneafy to their
Subjedls, and from being difputed, is to manage it wholly for
their Good and Advantage ; then all will be for it, when they
find it is for them : This will prevail more effedually, than all
the Arguments of Lawyers, with all the Precedents of former
Times. Therefore let the Clergy live and labour well, and they will
feel that as much Authority will follow that, as they will know
how to manage well. And to fpeak plainly ; Dodwell\ ex-
travagant Notions, which have been too much drunk in by the
Clergy in my time, have weakened the Power of the Church,' and
foured Men's Minds more againlt it, than all the Books wrote,
or Attempts made againft it, could ever have done : And in-
deed, the fecret Poifon of thofe Principles has given too many of
the Clergy a Biafs towards Popery, with an Averfion to the Refor^^
mation, which has brought them under much Contempt. Tiiis
is not to be recovered, but by their living and labouring, as they
ought to do, without an eager maintaining of Arguments for
their Authority, which will never fucceed, 'till they live better
and labour more : When I fay live better, I mean, not only to
live without Scandal, which I have found tlie greateft part of
them do, but to lead exemplary Lives ; to be eminent in Humi-
lity, Mceknels, Sobriety, Contempt of the World, and unfeigned
Love of the Brethren; abftraded from the vain Converiation of
the World, retired, and at home, faftin^ often, joining Prayer
and Meditation with it; without which, fafting may do well
with relation to the Body, but will fignify little with relation
to the Mind.

If,

The CoNCLusiONT. 641

If, to fiicli a courfe of Life, Clergymen would add a little
more Labour, not only performing publick Offices, and preach-
ing to the Edification of the People, but watching over them,
inrtruding them, exhorting, reproving, and comforting them, aa
occafion is given, from Houfe to Houfe, making their Calling
t!ie Bufinefs of their whole Life ; they would foon find their
own Minds grow to be in a better Temper, and their People
would fhew more Eftcem and Regard for them, and a Bleffing
from God would attend upon their Labours. I fiy it with
great regret, I have obfcrved the Clergy, in all the Places thro*
which 1 have travelled, Papifls, Lutherans, Calvinifts and Dif-
fenters ; but of them all, our Clergy is much the mod rcmifs
in their Labours in private, and the leaft fevere in their Lives.
Do not think I fay this to expofe you, or to defame this Church 5
thofe Cenfures have pafs'd on me for my Freedom during my
Life, God knows how unjuftly, my Defigns being all to awaken
the Clergy, and by that means to preferve the Church ; for which,
He, who knows all things, knows how much and how long
I have been mourning in fecret, and fafting and praying before
him. And let me fay this freely to you, now that I am out of
the reach of Envy and Cenfure, unlefs a better Spirit poflefTes
the Clergy, Arguments, (and which is more) Laws and Autho-
rity will not prove ftrong enough to preferve the Church j efpe-
cially if the Nation obfervcs a Progrefs in that Bials, which
makes many fo favourable to Popery, and fo fevere towards the
Diifenters ; this will recommend them the more to Pity and Fa-
vour, and will draw a general Odium upon you, that may end
in your Ruin, or in a Perfecution ; for which the Clergy of this
Age feem to be very little prepared*: God grant thofe of the next
may be more fo.

Oh n)y Brethren, (for I fpeak to you as if I were among you,)
think what manner of Perfons you ought to be, in all Holy Con-
verfation and Godlinefs, that fo you .nay fhine as Lights in the
World : Think of the Account you muft give, for thofe Immor-
tal Souls committed to your care, which were redeemed by the
Blood of Chrift, who has fent you in his Name, to perfuade
them to be reconciled to God, and at laft to prelent them to him
faultlefs with exceeding Joy ; he fees and oblerves your La-
bours, and will recompence them glorioufly in that great Day.

I leave all thefe things on your Confciences, and pray earneftly

that God may give his Ble/Ilng to this pofthumous Labour of mine,

that our Church may be {o built up by your Labours, that it may

continue to be long the Joy of the whole Earth, in the Perfec-

Vol. n. 8 A tion

6^1

The Conclusion*

tion of its Beauty, and may be a Pattern, as well as give Pro-

te6lion, to all the Churches of God.
My Advices I now turn to my Brethren and Succeflbrs in the Epifcopal
totheBi- Order: You are they in whofe hands the Government of the

ihops*

church is put ; in fome refpedls it is believed to be wholly in
you, tho' I know, and have often felt it, that your Power is fo
limited, that you can do little ; Exemptions (a fcandalous Rem-
nant of Popery) take a great part of your Diocefs out of your
hands. This I have often wondred at, that fome who plead, that
the Government of the Church is fettled by Divine Authority in
the Bifhops, can yet, by the virtue of Papal Bulls, confirmed by
an unhappy Claufe in an Adt of Parliament, exercife Epifcopal
Jurifdiftion ; which is plainly to acfl by virtue of the Secular
Power, in oppolition to that, which, according to their Princi-
ples, is fettled by a Divine Appointment. Archdeacons Vifita-
tions were an Invention of the latter Ages, in which the Bifhops,
neglecting their Duty, caft a great part of their Care upon them :
Now their Vifitations are only for Form and for Fees ; and they
are a Charge on the Clergy ; fo, when this Matter is well looked
into, I hope Archdeacons, with many other Burdens that lay
heavy on the Clergy, fhall be taken away. All the various In-
ftruments, upon which heavy Fees muft be raifed, were the in-
famous Contrivances of the Canonifts, and can never be main-
tained, when well examined. I fay nothing to you of your
Lives, I hope you are and fhall ever be fhining Lights ; I wifh
the Pomp of Living, and the keeping high Tables could be quite
taken away ; it is a great Charge, and no very decent one ; a
great Devourer of Time ; it lets in much promifcuous Company,
and much vain Difcourfe upon you : Even Civility may carry
you too far, in a Freedom and Familiarity, that will make you
look too like the reft of the World ; I hope this is a i Burden
to you : It was indeed one of the greateft Burdens of my Life,
to fee fo much Time loft, to hear fo much idle Talk, and to be
living in a luxurious Wafte of that, which might have been much
better beftowed. I had not ftrength enough to break thro' that,
which Cuftom has impofed on thofe, provided with plentiful
Bifhopricks ; I pray God to help you to find a decent way of
laying this down.

The Wives and Children of Bifhops ought to be exemplary in
their Apparel, and in their wholeDeportment; remembring that
no part of the Bifhops Honours belongs to them : The Wife of a
Bifhop ought to vifit the Widow and the Fatherlefs, and by a
grave Authority, inftruft and admonifh as well as oblige and fa-
vour the Wives of the reft of the Clergy.
■ The

The Conclusion. 643

Tlic Children of Bifliops ought to be well inftrudled, and
managed with all Gravity ; Bifliops ought not to prefs them be-
yond their Inclinations to take Orders : For this looks as if they
uould thrift them, how unfit or unwilling foever, into fuch
Preferments as they can give or procure for them : On the con-
trary, tho' their Children fhould defire to go into Orders, they
ought not to fuffer it, unlefs they fee in them a goodMind and fin-
cere Intentions, with the other neceflary Qualifications; in which
they cannot be deceived, unlefs they have a mind to deceive them-'
felves: It is a betraying of their Truft, and the worft fort of Si-^
mony, to provide Children with great Dignities and Benefices,
only as an Eftate to be given them, without a due regard to their
Capacities or Tempers. Ordinations are the only Parts of the
Epifcopal Pundlion, on which the Law has laid no Reflraint;
fo this ought to be heavy on your Thoughts.

Ordination Weeks were always dreadful Things to me, when
I remembred thofe Words, Lay Hands fuddenly on no Man,^ be
not Partaker of other Metis Sins : Keep thy f elf pure. It is true,
thofe who came to" me were generally well prepared as to their '
Studies, and they brought Teftimonials and Titles, which is all
that in our prelent Conftitution can be demanded : I never put
over the examining them to my Chaplains: I did that always my-
felf, and examined them chiefly on the Proofs of Revealed Re-
ligion, and the Terms of Salvation, and the new Covenant thro'
Chriil: ; for thofe are the Fundamentals : But my principal
Care was to awaken their Confciences, to make them confider
whether they had a Motion of the Holy Ghoft, calling them to
the Eundion, and to make them apprehend, what belonged both
to a Spiritual Life, and to the Paftoral Care. On thefe Subjeds
1 {poke much and often to every one of them a-part, and fome-
tinies to them all together, befides the publick Examination of
them with my Chapter.

This was all that I could do: But alas! how defective is this! ^." ^■''■p^-
And it is too well known how eafy the Clergy are, in figning ccming Or*
Teftimonials: That which I here propofe is, that every Man, who '"^^"^^*-
intends to be ordained, fhould be required to come and acquaint
the Billiop with it a Year before : that fo he may then talk to his
Confcience, and give him good Diredions, both as to his Studies
and the Courfe of his Life and Devotions; and that he may re-
commend him to the Care and Inipedlion of the befi: Clergymen,
that he knows in the Neighbourhood where he lives; that fo he
may have from him, by fome other Conveyance than the Per-
fon concerned, fuch an Account of him as he may rely on. This
is all that can be propofed, till our Univerfities are put in a better

Method,

644 ^^^ Conclusion.

Method, or till Seminaries can be raifed, for maintaining a num-
ber of Perfons, to be duly prepared for holy Orders.
The Duties As to the Labours of a Bifhop, they ought to think themfelvTs
ofaBifliop. obliged to preach, as much as their Health and Age can admit of;
this the Form of ordaining Bifhops fets before them., together witii
the Senfe of the Church in all Ages; the complaint of the beft
Men, in the worft Ages, fhews how much the Sloth and Lazinefs
of Bifhops will be cried out on, and how acceptable the Labours
of preaching Bifhops have always been: The People run to hear
them, and hearken to their Sermons, with more than ordinary
Attention: You will find great comfort in your Labours this way,
and will fee the Fruits of them. The difcreet Conduct of your
Clergy is to be your chief care; keep not at too great a diftance,
and yet let them not grow too familiar: ABifliop's difcourfc fliculd
be well feafoned, turned chiefly to good Subjeds, Inftrudion in
the matters of Religion, and the Paftoral Care: And the more di-
verting ones ought to be matters of Learning, Criticifm, or Hi-
flory. It is in the power of a Billiop to kt no Man defpife him.
A grave but fweet Deportment and a holy Converfation will
command a general Reljiedl; and as for fome hot and froward.
Spirits, the lefs they are meddled with, they will be the lefs able
to do mifchief; tliey delight in opposition, which they think will
make them the more conlidcrable. I have had much experience
this way, nothing mortifies them fo much as negled: ; the more
abftraded Bifhops live (from the World, from Courts, from Cabals,
and from Parties) they will have the more quiet within themfelves;
their Thoughts will be free and lefs intangled, and they will in
conclulion be the more refpeded by all, efpecially if an Integrity
and a juft Freedom appear among them in the Houfe of Lords,
where they will be much obferved; and Judgments will be
made of them there, that will follow them home to their Dio-
cefTes.
Their Ab- Nothing wiU alienate the Nation more from them, than their
from Courts becoming Tools to a Court, and giving up the Liberties of their
tmJes' Country, and advancing Arbitrary Defigns; nothing will work
^ more effedually on the DifTenters, than a courfe of Moderation

towards them; this will difarm their PafTions, and when that is
done, they may be better dealt with in point of Reafon; all care
ought to be taken, to ftiflc new Controverfies in their birth, to
check new" Opinions and vain Curiofities.

Upon the whole matter, Bifliops ought to confider, that the
honour given them, and the Revenues belonging to them, are
fuch Rewards for former Services, and fuch Encouragements to go
on to more Labour and Dilic^ence, as ought to be improved, as

fo

The Conclusion. 645

fo many Helps and Advantages for carrying on tlic Work of thtf
Gofpel, and their heavenly Father's bufinerst They ought to medi^
tate on thefe things^ and be wholly in them; fo that their profiting
may appear to all. They ought to preach in feafun^ and out of
feafon^ to exhort^ admonifjy and rebuke, with all Authority.

But if they abandon thenifelves to Sloth and Idlenefs, if they
negled their proper Fundlion, and follow a (ecular, a vain, a
covetous or a luxurious Cburfe of Life ; if they, not content
with educating their Children well, and with fuch a Competency
as may fet them afloat in the World, think, of building up their
own Houfes, and raifing up great Eftates, they will put the World
on many unacceptable Enquiries: Wherefore is this wafte made?
Why are thefe Revenues continued to Men, who make fuch an ill
ufe of them? and why is an Order kept up, that does the Church
io little good, and gives it fo much fcandal ? The Violences of
Archbifliop Laud, and his promoting arbitrary Power ruined him-
felf and the Church botli. A return of the like practices will bring
with it the like dreadful Confequences : The Labours and the
Learning, the Moderation and good Lives of the Bifliops of this
Age have changed the Nation much, with relation to them, and
have pofleffed them of a general Efteem ; fbme fiery Spirits only
excepted, who hate and revile them for that, which is their true
Glory: I hope another Age may carry this yet much further, that
fo they may be univerlally looked on, as the true and tender-heart-
ed Fathers of the Church.

The Affinity of the matter leads me, before I enter on another Concerning
Scene, to fay fomewhat concerning the Patronage of Benefices, ^*'^''°"'
which have a Care of Souls belonging to them : it is a noble Dignity
in a Family; it was highly efteemed in the times of Popery, becaufe
the Patron was to be named, in all the MaiTcs faid in his Church :
There is a more real value in it in our Conftitution, fince the Pa-
tron has the Nomination of him, to whom the Care of Souls is to
be committed; which muft take place, imlefs fome juft and legal
Exception can be made by the Bidiop. Even that is not eafy to
be maintained, in the Courts of Law, where the Bifiiop will loon
be run into fo great an Expence, that I am afraid many, rather
than venture on that, receive unworthy Men into the fervice of
the Church, who are in the fequel Reproaches to it; and this is
often the cafe of tlie richeft and beft-endowed Benefices.

Some fell the next Advowfon, which I know is faid to be le-
gal, tho' the Incumbent lies at the point of Death; others do not
llick to buy and fell Benefices, when open and vacant, tho' this
i^ declared to he Simony by Law: Parents often buy them for thejf
Children, and reckon that is their Portion; in that cafe, it is true,

Vol.. U. 8 B there

646

The Conclusion.

there is no Perjury in taking the Oath, for the Perfon prefented is
no party to the Bargain: Often Ecclefiafticks themfelves buy the
nextAdvowfon, and lodge it with Truftees for their own Advantage.
Where nothing of all this Traffick intervenes, Patrons beftow
Benefices on their Children or Friends, without confidering ei-
ther their Abilities or Merit ; Favour or Kindred being the only
thing that weighs with them. When all this is laid together,
how great a part of the Benefices of England are difpofed of, if
not fimoniacally, yet at lea ft unworthily, without regard to fo
facred a Truft, as the Care of Souls ? Certainly Patrons, who,
without due Care and Enquiry, put Souls into bad hands, have
much to anfwer for.

I will not fay, that a Patron is bound always to beftow his
Church on the beft Man he can find ; that may put him on
Anxieties, out of which it will not be eafy to extricate himfelf ;
nor will it be always pofhble to ballance the different Excellen-
cies of Men, who may have various Talents, that lie feveral
ways, and all of them may be ufeful, fome more, fome lefs:
But in this I am pofitive, that no Patron anfwers the Obligation
of that Trufl, unlefs he is well perfuaded, that the Clerk he
prefents is a truely good Man, has a competent meafure of
Knowledge, !Zeal and Difcretion, fo fuited to the People, for
whom he names him, that he has reafbn to believe, he will be
a faithful Paftor and a prudent Guide to them.

Patrons ought to take this on their Confcience, to ma-
nage it with great caution, and in the Fear of God, and not to
enter into that filthy Merchandize of the Souls of Men, which
is too common; it is like to be a Moth on their Eftates, and may
bring a Curfe on their Families, as well as on their Perfons.
I do not enter into the fcandalous Practices of Non-refidence
dcnce and and Pluralities, which are fheltred by fo many Colours of Law
Pluralities. ^j^^Qj^g yg ; whereas the Church of Ro7ne, from whence we had
thofe and many other Abufes, has freed herfelf from this, under
which we flill labour, to our great and juft Reproach : This is fb
fhameful a Profanation of Holy Things, that it ought to be
treated with Deteflation and Horrour : Do fuch Men think on
the Vows, they made on their Ordination ; on the Rules in the
Scriptures, or on the Nature of their Fundion, or that it is a
Care of Souls ? How long, how long fhall this be the peculiar
Difgrace of our Church, which, for aught I know, is the only
Church in the World that tolerates it ? I muff: add, that I do not
reckon the holding poor Livings that lie contiguous, a Plurality,
where both are looked after, and both afford only a competent
Maintenance.

i

The Conclusion. 647

I have now gone thro' the moft important things, that occur Concemii*
to my Thoughts with relation to the Clergy : I turn next to fuch th^ People,
Obfervations, Reflections, and Advices, as relate to the Laity.
I begin with the Body of the People : The Commonalty of
this Nation are much the happieft, and live the eaficfl and
the mofl plentifully of any, that ever I faw: They are very
fagacious and skilful in managing all their Concerns ; but
at the fame time it is not to be conceived how ignorant they
are, in the Matters of Religion : The Diflenters have a much
larger fhare of Knowledge among them, than is among thofe
who come to our Churches. This is the more to be wondered at,
confldering the Plainnefs, in which Matters of Religion are wrote
in this Age, and the many fmall Books concerning thcle, that
have been publiflied of late Years, which go at eafy Rates, and
of which many Thoufands are every Year fent about, by chari-
table Societies in hondon^ to be freely given to fuch as will but
take them, and read them: So that this Ignorance feems to be
obftinate and incurable.

Upon this Subjed:, all that I can propofe, lies in two Advices
to the Clergy : The one is, that they catechize the Youth much
at Church, not only asking the Queflions and hearing the An-
fwers, but joining to that the explaining the Terms in other
Words, and by turning to the Bible for fuch Paflages, as prove
or enlarge on them: The doing this conftantly, would infufe inta
the next Age, a higher meafure of Knowledge, than the prefent
is like to be blefs'd with. Long Sermons, in which Points of
Divinity or Morality are regularly handled, are above the Capa-
city of the People; fhort and plain ones, upon a large Portion
of Scripture, would be better hearkened to, and have a much
better eft'ed: ; they would make the Hearers underftand and love
the Scriptures more. Preachers ought to dwell often, in their Ser-
mons, on thofe Sins that their Hearers muft needs know themfelves
guilty of, if they are fo; fuch as Swearing, Lying, Cheating, Drunk-
ennefs, Leud Deportment, Breach of Promife, Love of the World,
Anger, Envy, Malice, Pride and Luxury: Short Difcourfes upon
thefe, and often repeated, in many Glances and Reflecflions on
them, fitting forth the real Evil of them, with the ill Confequences
that follow, not only to others, but to the Perfons themfelves,
are the beft means can be thought of, for reforming them ; and
thefe will haveaneffed on fome, if not on many. But above all,
and in order to all the reft, they ought to be called on, upon all
occafions, to refled: on their ways, to confidcr how they live,
to pray In fecret to God, confefling their Sins to him, begging
Pardon and Mercy for what is p;ift, and his Holy Spirit to

affift.

648

The Conclusion.

aflift, ftrengthen, and dire6l them for the time to come, forming
jfincere Refolutions to amend their ways, with relation to every
particular Sin, that they find they may have fallen into. If
the Clergy will faithfully do their Duty in this method, and
join to it earnefl: Prayers for their People, they may hope thro'
the blefling of God to fucceed better in their Labours. The Peo-
ple ought to be often put in mind of the true End of the Reft on
the Lord's Day, which is chiefly to give them time and opportu-
nity, for Meditations and Refledlions on themfelves, on wJiit they
have faid or done, and on what has befallen them the former
Week ; and to confider what may be before them, in the Week
they are entring on. Minifters ought to vifit their People, not
only when they are fick unto Death, but when they are in an ill
ftate of Health, or when they are under Affli<5lion : Thele are the
times, in which their Spirits are tender, and they will beft bear
with a due freedom, which ought to be managed, in the difcreet-
eftand moft affedionate manner: And a Clergyman ought not to
be a Refpedler of Perfons, and neglect the meaneft of his Cure :
They have as immortal Souls as the greateft, and for which Chrift
has paid the fame Ranfom.
Of the From the Commonalty I turn to the Gentry : They are for

^""^^' the moft part the worft inftru(3:ed, and the leaft knowing of any
of their Rank, I ever went amongft. The Scotch^ tho' lefs able to
bear the Expence of a learned Education, are much more knowing:
The Reafon of which is this ; the*SVo/C/6, even of indifferent For-
tunes, fend private Tutors with their Children, both to Schools
and Colleges ; thefe look after the young Gentlemen, Mornings
and Evenings, and read over with them what they have learned,
and fo make them perfeder in it : They generally go abroad a
Year or two, and fee the World ; this obliges them to behave
themfelves well. Whereas a Gentleman here is often both ill taught,
and ill bred: This makes him haughty and infolent. The Gentry
are not early acquainted with the Principles of Religion : So that,
after they have forgot their Catechifm, they acquire no more new
Knowledge, but what they learn in Plays and Romances : They
grow foon to find it a modifh thing, that looks like Wit and
Spirit, to laugh at Religion and Virtue ; and fo become crude
and unpolillied Infidels. If they have taken a wrong Tindlure at
the Univerfity, that too often difpofes them to hate and defpile
all thofe, who feparate from the Church, tho' they can give no
better Reafon than the Papifts have for hating Hereticks, bccaufe
they forfake the Church : In thofe Seats of Education, inftead of
being formed to love their Country and Conftitution, the Laws
and Liberties of it, they are rather difpofed to love Arbitrary

Government,

' The Conclusion. 649

Government, and to become Slaves to abfolutc Monarchy: A
Change ol: Intereft, Provocation, or fbme otiier Confideration may
fet them right again as to tlie PiibHck ; but they have no inward
Principle of Love to their Country, and of pubHck Liberty: So
that they are eafily brought to like Slaveiy, if they may be tJic
Tools for managing it.

This is adifmal Reprefentation of things; I have {^^w the Na- TiieOjnger
tion thrice, on the brink of Ruin, by Men thus tainted. After Pi,i',ii[:'ifjj.
the Reftoration, all were running fail: into Slavery ; had King '^-■">'
Charles the Second been attentive to thofe bad Defigns (which he
purfued afterwards with more caution) upon his lirft Return, Sla-
very and Abfblute Power might then have been fettled into :i Law,
with a Revenue able to maintain it: He plaid away that Gam e
without thought, and he had then honeft Minifters, who would
not ferve him in it; after all that he did, during the Courfe of
his Reign, it was fcarce credible, that the fame Temper fliouLd
have returned in his Time ; yet he recovered it in the laft four
Years of his Reign ; and the Gentry of England were as Adivc and
Zealous, to throw up all their Liberties, as their Anceftoi-s ever
had been to prcferve them. This continued above half a Year in
his Brother's Reign; and he depended fo much upon it, that he
thought it could never go out of his hands: But he, or rather his
Priefts, had the Skill and Dexterity to play this Game like wife away,
and lofe it a fecond time; fo that, at the Revolution, allfeemed
to come again into their Wits. But Men, who have no Princi-
ples, cannot be fteady; now the greater part of the capital Gentry
feem to return again to a Love of Tyranny, provided they may
be the Under-Tyrants themlelves; and they feem to be even un-
eafy with a Court, when it will not be as much a Court as they
would have it. This is a folly of fo particular a nature, that
really it wants a Name; it is natural for poor Men, who have
little to lofe, and much to hope for, to become the Inftruments of
Slavery; but it is an extravagance, peculiar to our Age, to fee
rich Men grow as it were in love witli Slavery and Arbitrary Power.
The Root of all this is, that our Gentry are not betimes poflefTed
with a true Meafurc of folid Knowledge and foimd Religion,
with a Love to their Country, a Hatred of Tyranny, and a Zeal
for Liberty. Plutarch's, Lives, with the Greek and Roman Hiftory,
ought to be early put in their hands ; they ought to be well ac-
quainted with all Hiftory, more particularly that &f our own Na-
tion; which they ihould not read in Abridgments, but in the
fulleft and moft copious Colledlors of it, that they may fee to the
bottom, what is our Conftitution, and what are our Laws, what
are the Methods bad Princes have taken to enflave us, and by

Vol. IL 8 C what

650

The Conclusion.

what Condud we have been preferved : Gentlemen ought to ob-
ferve thefe things, and to entertain one another often upon thefe
Subjects, to raife in themfelves, and to fpread around them to
all others, a noble Ardour for Law and Liberty. They ouo-ht
to underftand Popery well, to view it in its Politicks, as well as
in its religious Corruptions, that they may obferve and guard a-
gainft their fecreteft Practices ; particularly that main one, tliat
prevails fo fatally among us, of making us defpife the foreign
Churches, and hate the Diflenters at home. The whole Body of
Proteftants, if united, might be an equal Match to the Church
of Rome : It is much fuperiour to them in Wealth and in Force,
if it were animated with the Zeal, which the Monaftick Orders,
but chiefly the JefuitSy fpread thro' their whole Communion :
Whereas the Reformed are cold and unconcerned, as well as dif-
jointed in Matters that relate to Religion. The chief Maxim by
which Men, who have a true Zeal for their Religion and their
Country, ought to govern themfelves, is, to live within the Ex-
tent of their Eftates, to be above Luxury and Vanity, and all
E?fpend^s that wafte their Fortunes : Luxury muft drive them to
court Favour, to depend on Minifters, and to afpire after Places
and Penflons ; and as the feeking after thefe does often com-
pleat the Ruin of broken Families, fo in many they prove only a
Reprieve, and not a Recovery ; whereas he, who is contented
with his Fortune, and meafures his way of Living by it, has ano-
ther Root within him ; out of which every noble and generous
Thought will naturally Ipring. Publick Liberty has no fure
Foundation but in Virtue, in Parfimony and Moderation: Where
thefe fail. Liberty may be preferved by Accidents and Circum-
ftances of Affairs, but it has no bottom to reft fecurely on. A
knowing and virtuous Gentleman, who underftands his Religion
and loves it, who pradifes the true Rules of Virtue, without
Affedation and Morofenefs, who knows enough of Law, to
keep his Neighbours in order, and to give them good Advice ;
who keeps Meetings for his County, and reftrains Vice and Dif^
order at them ; who lives hofpitably, frugally and charitably ;
who rcfpedis and encourages good Clergymen, and worfhips God,
both in his Family and at Church ; who educates his Children
well, who treats his Servants gently, and deals equitably with
his Tenants and all others, with whom he has any Concerns ;
fuch a Man fhines, and is a publick Blelling to all that fee
him, or come near him. Some fuch Inftances are yet left
among us; but alas! there are not many of them. Can there
be any thing more barbarous, or rather treacherous, than for
Gentlemen to think it is one o^ the Honours of their Houfes,

that

The Conclusion. G^\

that none muft go out of them fober ; it is but a little mftre in-
famous to poifon them ; and yet this pafles as a Chara<5lcr of a
noble Houfe-kceper, who entertains his Friends kindly. Idle-
ncfs and Ignorance are the Ruin of the grcateftpart, who, if they
are not fit for better things, fhould defccnd to any thing, rather
than fuffcr themfelves to fink into Sloth ; that will carry them to
the ExcefTes of Hunting, Gaming, and Drinking, which may
ruin both Soul, Body and Eftate. If a Man, by an ill-managed or
a negleded Education, is fo turned, that every fort of Study or
Reading is a Burden ; then he ought to try if he has a Genius
to any Mechanifm, that may be an Entertainment to him : The
managing a Garden is a noble, and may be made a ufeful Amufe-
ment ; the taking fome part of his Eftate into his own hands, if
he looks carefully to it, will both employ his Time well, and
may turn to a good Account ; in a word, fome Employments
may be better than others ; but there is no Employment fo bad,
as the having none at all ; the Mind will contradl a Ruft, and
an Unfitnefs for every good thing ; and a Man muft either fill
up his Time with good or at leaft innocent Bufinefs, or it will
run to the worft fort of Wafte, to Sin and Vice.

I have often thought it a great Error, to wafte young Gentle- Errors in
men's Years fo long, in learning Latin, by fo tedious a Gram- ^^"'■'°'
mar ; I know thofe, who are bred to the Profefllons in Litera-
ture, muft have the Latin corredlly ; and for that, the Rules of
Grammar are neceflary : but thefe are not at all requifite to thole,
who need only fo much Latin, as thoroughly to underftand and
delight in the Roman Authors and Poets. But fuppofe a Youth
had, either for want of Memory or of Application, an incurable
Averfion to Latin, his Education is not for that to be defpaired
of; there is much noble Knowledge to be had in the EngliJJj and
French Languages; Geography, Hiftory, chiefly that of our
own Country, the Knowledge of Nature, and the more pradical
Parts of the Mathematicks (if he has not a Genius for the demon-
ftrative) may make a Gentleman very knowing, tho' he has not
a Word of Latin ; there is a Finenefs of Thought, and a No-
blenefs of Expreftion indeed in the Latin Authors, that will
make them the Entertainment of a Man's whole Life, if he once
underftands and reads them with delight : But if this cannot be
attained to, I would not have it reckoned, that the Education
of an ill Latin Scholar is to be given over. A competent mea-
fure of the Knowledge of the Law is a good Foundation, for dif-
tinguifhing a Gentleman ; but I am in doubt, whether his being
for fome time in the Inns of Court will contribute much to this,
if he is not a ftudious Perfon : Thofe who think they are there,

only

652

The Conclusion.

And in
Marriages.

Of Trade
and [n-

duftiy.

onlytopafs away fo many of their Years, commonly run toge-
ther, and live both idly and vicioufly. I fhould imagine it a
much better way, tho' it is not much pradlifed, to get a learned
young Lawyer, who has not got into much Bufinefs, to come
and pafs away a long Vacation or two with a Gentleman, to carry
him through fuch an Introdudion to the Study of the Law, as
may give him a full View of it, and good Dired:ions how to pro-
fecute his Study in it. A competent Skill in this makes a Man
very ufeful in his Country, both in conducing his own Affairs,
and in giving good Advice to thoie about him : It will enable
him to be a good Juftice of Peace, and to fettle Matters by Ar-
bitration, fo as to prevent Law-fuits ; and, which ought to be
the Top of an Englijh Gentleman's Ambition, to be an able Par-
liament Man : to which no Gentleman ought to pretend, unlefs
he has a true Zeal for his Country, with an inflexible Integrity
and Refolution to purfue what appears to him juft and right,
and for the good of the Publick : The Parliament is the Foun-
tain of Law, and the Fence of Liberty; and no fort of Inftrudion
is fo neceflary for a Gentleman, as that which may qualify him to
appear there with Figure and Reputation.

Gentlemen in their Marriages ought to confider a great many
things more than Fortune, tho', generally fpeaking, that is the
only thing fought for : A good Underftanding, good Principles,
and a good Temper, with a liberal Education, and acceptable
Perfon, are the firft things to be confldered : And certainly For-
tune ought to come after all thefe. Thofe Bargains now in
fafhion make often unhallowed Marriages, in which (befldes the
greater Evils) more Fortune is often wafted, than is brought, with
a vain, a foolifh, an indifcreet and a hated Wife. The firft
Thought in choofing a Wife ought to be, to find a Help meet for
the Man : In a married State the mutual Study of both ought to
be to help and pleafe one another ; This is the Foundation of all
domeftick Happinefs ; as to ftay at home and to love home, is
the greateft help to Induftry, Order and the good Government
of a Family. I have dwelt the longer on this Article, becaufe on
the forming the Gentry well, the good Government of the Na-
tion, both in and out of Parliament, does fo much depend.

As for the Men of Trade and Bufinefs, they are, generally
fpeaking, the beft Body in the Nation, generous, fober, and chari-
table : So that, while the People in the Country are (o immerfed
in their Affairs, that the Senfe of Religion cannot reach them,
there is a better Spirit ftirring in our Cities ; more Knowledge,
more Zeal, and more Charity, with a great deal more of Devo-
tion. There may be too much of Vanity, with too pompous an
5 Exteriour,

Tlje Conclusion. 653

Exteriour, mixed with thefe in the capital City; but upon the
whole, they are the bcft we have: Want of Exercife is a
great Prejudice to their Health, and a Corrupter of their Minds,
by railing Vapours and Melancholy, that fills many with dark
Thoughts, rendring Religion, which affords the trueft Joy, a
Burden to them, and making tliem even a Burden to themfelvcs ;
this fiirnifhes Prejudices againft Religion to thofe, who are but too
much difpofed to feek for them. The too conftant Intercourfe of
Vifits in Town is a vaft Confumption x)f Time, and gives much oc-
cafion to Talk, which is at beft idle, if notworfe: This certainly
wants Regulation, and is the EffeA of Idlenefs and Vanity.

The Stage is the great Corrupter of the Town; and the bad Of the Sage'
People of the Town have been the chief Corrupters of the Stage,
who run moft after thofe Plays that defile the Stage and the Au^
dience: Poets will feek to pleafe, as Adors will look for fuch
Pieces, as draw the moft Spedators: They pretend their defign is
to difcouragcVice; but they do really recommend it, in tliemoft
cffeftual manner. It is a fhame to our Nation and Religion, to
fee the Stage fo reformed in France^ and fo polluted ftill in E^ig-
Ia?ici. Moliere for Comedy, and Racine for Tragedy, are great
Patterns; few can, and as few will ftudy to copy after them.
But, till another Scene appears, certainly our Plays are the
greateft Debauchers of the Nation. Gaming is a wafte of Time,
that rifes out of Idlenefs, and is kept up by Covetoufnefs; thofe
who can tliink, read, or write to any purpofe, and thofe who
underftand what Converfation and Friendfhip are, will not want
fuch a Help tt) Wear out the Day; fo that upon the whole matter,
Sloth and Ignoranct, bad Education and ill Company, are the
chief Sources of all our Vice and Diforders.

The ill Methods of Schools and Colleges give the chief Rife o*" ^^'=-'^-
to the Irregularities of the Gentry ; as the breeding young Women other Sex.
to Vanity, Dreffing and a falfe Appearance of Wit and Behaviour,
without prope;- Work or a due Meafure of Knowledge and a fe-
rious Senfe of Religion, is the Source of the Corruption of that
Sex: Something Hke Monafteries witliout Vows would be a glo-
rious Defign, and might be fo fet on foot, as to be the Honour of
a Queen on the Throne: But I will purfue this no further.

My next Addrefs is to the Nobility; moft of what I have pro-^ff^^e ^^o*'
pofed to our Gentry does, in a more eminent manner belong to
them; the higher their Condition is raifed above other Gentlemen,
fo much the more eminent ought they to be in Knowledge and
Virtue; the Share they have in Judicature in the Houfe of Lords,
fhould oblige them to acquaint themfelves with the Rules and
Principles of Law; tho' an unbiafTed Integrity, neither moved by
' Vol. IL 8D Friend-

6S4

The Conclusion.

Friendiliip nor Party, with a true Underftanding, will for the
moft part direct them in their Judgment, fince few Cafes occur,
where the Point of Law is dark or doubtful.
Of their E- Evcry Perfon of a high Rank, whofe Eftate can bear it, ought
ducatiou. ^q hsiYt two Pcrfons to manage his Education; the one a Gover-
nour to form his Mind, to give liim true Notions, to reprefent
Religion and Virtue in a proper Light to him, to give him a View
of Geography, not barely defcribing the Maps, but adding to
it the Natural Hiftory of every Country, its Productions, Arts,
and Trade, with the Religion and Government of the Country,
and a general Idea of the Hiftory of the World, and of the various
Revolutions, that have happened in it. Such a View will open
a young Perfon's Mind: It muft be often gone over, to fix it well.
The ancient Government in Greece^ but much more that oi Rofne,
muft be minutely delivered, that the Difference, between a juft and
a vicious Government, may be well apprehended. The Fall of the
Roman Greatnefs, under the Emperors, by reafon of the abfolute
Power, that let Vice in upon them, which corrupted not only their
Courts, but their Armies, ought to be fully opened : Then the Go-
thick Government, and the Feudal Law fhould be clearly explained,
to open the Original of our own Conftitution. In all this, the chief
Care of a wife and good Former of Youth ought to be, to poftels
a young Mind with noble Principles of Juftice, Liberty and Vir-
tue, as the true Bafts of Government; and with an Averfton to
Violence and Arbitrary Power, fervile Flattery, Fadlion and Luxury,
from which the Corruption and Ruin of all Governments have
arifen.

To this Governour (qualified for all this, to be fought out and
hired at any rate) I v^^ould join a Mafter for Languages and other
things, in which this young Lord is to be inftrudted; who ought
to be put under the Direction and Eye of the Governour, that his
Time may not be loft in Trifles ; that nothing of Pedantry or of
Affedation may be infufed into a young Mind, which is to be pre-
pared for great Things. A Simplicity of Style, with a true and
grave Pronunciation, ought to be well looked to; and this young
Nobleman ought to be accuftomed, as he grows up, to fpeak his
Thoughts, on the fudden, with a due Force and Weight both of
Words and Voice. I have often wondered to fee Parents, who are
to leave vaft Eftates, and who ftick at no expence in other Things,
yet be fo Frugal and Narrow in the Education of their Children.
They owe to their Country a greater Care in preparing the Eldeft,
to make that Figure in it, to which he is born : And they owe to
their younger Children, who are not to be fo plentifully provided,
fuch a liberal Education, -as may fit them to anfwer the Dignity of

their

The Conclusion. 655

their Birth, and prepare them for Employments, by which they
may in time give a further Strength and Addition to their Fa-
mily. I have been amazed to fee, how profufe fomc are, in pro-
curing good Dancing, Fencing, and Riding-Maflers for their
Children, and fetting them out in fine Clothes; and how fparing
they are in that, which is the chief and moft important thing,
and which in time may become the moft ufeful, both to themfelves
and to their Country. I look on the Education of the Youth, as
the Foundation of all that can be propofcd, for bettering the next
Age : It ought to be one of the chief Cares of ail Governments,
tho' there is nothing more univerfally negledled. How do fome
of our Peers fhine, meerly by their Virtue and Knowledge ; and
what a contemptible figure do others make, with all their high
Titles and great Eftates ?

Noblemen begin to neglcdl the having Chaplains in their of their
Houfes, and I do not much wonder at it, when I refledt on the ^'^''i''^™'
Behaviour of too many of thcfe ; light and idle, vain and info-
lent, impertinent and pedantick ; by this want however, the
Worfliip of God, and the Inftrudion of Servants is quite neg-
ledled : But, if a little more care were taken to choofe well, a
Lord might make a good ufe of a Chaplain, not only for thofe
ends, which I have mentioned, but for the reading fuch Books,
as the Lord defires to be well informed about, but has not leifure
to per ufe himfelf. Thefe he may read by his Chaplain, and re-
ceive an Account of>them from him, and fee what are the prin-
cipal things to be learnt from them, for which he may find lei-
fure, tho' not for the whole Book : By this means he may keep
his Chaplain well imployed, and may encreafe his own Stock of
Knowledge, and be well furnilhed with relation to all new Books
and new Qucftions, that are ftarted. The Family of a Noble-
man, well choien and well ordered, might look like a little
Court in his Country : For tho' it is a Happinefs to the Nation,
that the great number of idle and ufelefs Retainers, that were
about Noblemen anciently, is much reduced; yet ftill they muft
entertain many Servants, to be either Niifances where they Hve,
or to fet a Pattern to others. The greater Men are, they ought to
be the more modeft and affable, and more eafy of Accefs, that fb
they may, by the beft fort of Popularity, render themfelves ac-
ceptable to their Country ; they ought more particularly, to pro-
tedl the Opprefled, to mortify Infolcnce and Injuftice, and to
enter into the true Grievances of their Country ; that they may
reprefent thefe, where it may be proper; and fhew at leaft a ten-
der Care of thofe, who ought to be protected by them, if they can-
not effedually procure a Redrefs of their G/ievances. A continued

Purfuit

656

The Conclusion.

Purfuit of fuch Methods, with an exemplary Deportment, would
foon reftore the Nobility to their ancient Luftre, from which
they feem very fenlible how much they are fallen, tho' they do
not take the proper Methods to recover it. Have we not feen in
our Time four or five Lords, by their Knowledge, good Judg-
ment and Integrity, raife the Houfe of Peers to a pitch of Re-
putation and Credit, that fecmed once beyond the Expedtation
or Belief of thofe, who now fee it ? A Progrefs in this Method will
give them fuch Authority in the Nation, that they will be able,
not only to fupport their own Dignity, but even to fupport the
Throne and the Church. If fo fmall a number has raifed Peerage
to fuch a Regard, that the People, contrary to all former Prece-
dents, have confidered them more than their own Reprefentatives ;
what might not be expefted from a greater number purfuing the
fame Methods? Thele would become again that, which their
Title imports, the Peers of the Crown as well as of the King-
dom, of which that noble Right of putting on their Coronets, at
the Coronation, is a clear Proof Great Titles, feparated from
the great Eftatcs and the Intereft their Anceftors had in their
Countries, muft fink, if not fupported with fbmewhat of more
Value, great Merit and a fublime Virtue.

After I have ofiered what I think of the greateft Importance
the two ^ to the feveral Ranks of Men in the Nation, I go next to confider
PaXmmt. that augufl Body, in which they are all united ; I mean the
Parliament. As long as Eledlions are let to fale, fo long we are
under a Difeafe in our Vitals, that if it be not remedied in time,
muft ruin us at laft, and end in a Change of Government ; and
what that may be, God only knows.
ofEiec- All Laws that can be made, will prove ineffeftual to cure io

great an Evil, till there comes to be a Change and Reformation
of Morals in the Nation ; we fee former Laws are evaded, and fo
will all the Laws that can be made, till the Candidates and Elec-
tors both become Men of another Temper and other Principles,
than appear now among them: The Expence of Eledlions
ruins Families ; and thefe Families will come in time to expedl a
full Reparation from the Crown ; or they will take their Revenges
on it, if that Hope fails them : The Commons will grow info-
lent upon it, and look on the Gentry as in their dependance ;
during the War, and while the Heat of Parties ferments fo much,
it is not eafy to find a proper Remedy for this. When the War
is over, one Expedient in the power of the Crown is, to declare
that EleAions to Parliament fhall be annual : But, if the fame
Heat and Rivalry of Parties fhould ftill continue, that would
ruin Families but fo much the fooner.

The

Concerning

tions.

The Conclusion. 657

The nioft promidng Expedient, next to a general Rcrorniation,
which may feem too remote and too liopelcfs a Profpect, is to try
how this great Divifion of the Nation into Whig and Tory may be
leflened, if not quite removed: Great nmnbers on both fides
are drawn, to take up many groundlefs Jealoulies one of ano-
ther, with which Men of honeft Minds are pollefled.

There are many ot the Tories, that without doubt look to- Of the Par-
wards St' Germaim and France ; but this is not true of the Bulk ^Tory. '*
of their Party. Many Infidels, who hate all Religion and all
Churches alike (being only againft the Church of £«^/^Wbecaufe
it is in pofleflion) do join with the Whigs and the Difienters, and
appear for them; from thence the ill-difpofed Tories pofiefs many
of thofe, who are better minded, with an Opinion, that the
Whigs favour the Difienters, only to ruin and deftroy Religion :
And great Multitudes of unthinking and ignorant Men are drawn
into this Snare. The Principles of the Whigs lead them to be
for the Revolution, and for every thing that has been done to
fupport and eftablifii that ; and therefore thofe who, in their
Hearts, hate the Revolution, fortify and promote their Defigns,
by keeping up a Jealou fy of all that Body, which alone can and
muft fupport it. The Whigs are indeed favoured by the Dif-
fenters, becaufe they fee their Principles are for Toleration,
in which, it is vifible, that the Difienters acquiefce, without pur-
fuing any Defign, contrary to the Eftabliflied Church, into which
the far greater number of them might be brought, if but a very
few Concefiions were made them. On the other hand, the Whigs,
feeing the Leaders of the Tories drive on ill Defigns fo vifibly,
(endeavouring to weaken the Government, to disjoint the Al-
liance, and to put an untimely end to the War, thereby ferving
the Interefts of France and of the Pretender') and that they are fol-
lowed in this by the Body of the Tories, who promote their
Eledions, and adhere to them in all Divifions in the two Houfes
of Parliament, and are united in one Party with them, from
thence conclude, that they are all equally concerned, and alike
guilty: And thus they are jealous of them all. This Averfion is
daily growing, and will certainly continue as long as the War
lafts ; when that is ended, it may pofilbly abate : but fo great a
Difeafe will not be cured, 'till a Prince of Spirit and Authority,
managed with Temper and Difcretion, undertakes the Cure.
We fee Oaths and Subfcriptions make no Difcrimi nation, finco^
the Abjuration, tho' penned as fully as Words can go, has been
taken by fome, who feem refolved to fwallow down every thing
in order to the throwing up all at once, if they flioiild come to
have a clear Majority in Parliament, and durft lay afide the Mask.

Vol. IL ' 8E In

6 SB

The Conclusion.

In the Parliament of 170 1, called the Impeaching Parliament,
and in the firft Parliament called by the Queen, there was a Ma-
jority of Tories ; yet it appeared, the Men of ill defigns diirft not
venture to difcover themfelves to their Party and to the Nation; fo
they proceeded with Caution. They defigned in 1 701 to have had
the Duke of Anjou acknowledged, in order to have difgraced the
late King, and his faithfuUeft Minifters; that fo the Princes abroad,
who could do nothing without Ailiftance from England., defpair-
ing of that, might be forced to fubmit to the Offers France
made them. In the firft Year of the Queen'sReign, they durft make
no vifible Steps that way neither; but they tried to raife the Heat
againft the Diffenters, to make a Breach on the Toleration, and to
give that Body of Men fuch a Jealoufy of the Government, as
fhould quite difhearten Them, who were always the readieft to lend
Money to the Publick, without which the War »)ould not be car-
ried on vigoroully. By this it may appear, that many of the
Tories have not thofe Views and Defigns, that perhaps fbme of
their Leaders may be juftly charged witli. Now a wife and an
adlive Prince may find Methods, to undeceive thofe who are thus
fatally impofed on, and led blindfold into the ferving the ill Defigns
of others; elpecially, if he will propofeit, as a fu re way to his Favour,
for all whom he employs, to procure a better Underftanding and fre-
quent Meetings, among the Men of good Lives and foft Tempers in
both Parties, who by a mutual Converfation will fo open themfelves to
one another, that Jealoufies may by this means be eafily removed. I
can carry this no further at prefent; Men of good Intentions will
eafily find out proper Methods to bring about this worthy Defign
of healing a Breach, that has rent the Nation from top to bottom.
The Parties are now fo flated and kept up, not only by the Elec-
tions of Parliament-Men that return every third Year, but even
by the yearly Eleftions of Mayors and Corporation-Men, that they
know their Strength ; and in every Corner of the Nation, the two
Parties ffcand, as it were, lifted againft one another. This m|iy come,
in fome critical Time or other, at the Death of a Prince, or on
an Invafion, to have terrible Effects ; as at prefent it creates,
among the beft of each Side, a Coldnefs and a Jealou'fy, and a
great deal of Hatred and Virulence among the much greater part.
The Cor- There are two things of a very Publick Nature, that deferve
red.onof ^h.^ Care of a Parliament: The one muft begin in the Houfe of
Lords, and the other in the Houfe of Commons. The Law of
Rnglafid is the greateft Grievance of the Nation, very expenfive
and dilatory: There is no end of Suits, efpecially when they are
brought into Cha?icery. It is a matter of deep Study, to be exad:
in the Law; great Ad\'antagcs are taken, upon inconfidcrable

< Errors ;

The Conclusion.^ 659

Errors ; and there are loud Complaints of that, which Iccms to
be the chief Security of Property, I mean Juries, which are iaid
to be much pradifed upon. If a happy Peace gives us quiet) to
look to our own Affairs, there cannot be a worthier Defign un-
dertaken, than to reduce the Law into Method, to digeft it into
a Body, and to regulate the Chancery, fo as to cut off tlie Te~
dioufnels of Suits, and, in a word, to compile one entire Syftemof
our Laws. The Work cannot be undertaken, much lefs finifhed,
but by fo great an Authority, as at leaft an Addrefs from the
Houfe of Lords to the Queen. Nothing, after the War is happily
ended, can raife the Glory of her Reign more, than to fee fo
noble a Delign fet on foot in her Time : This would make her
Name facred to Pofterity, which would fenfibly feel all the
Taxes, they have raifed, fully repaid them, if the Law were
made fhorter, clearer, more certain, and of lefs Expence.

The other Matter, that muft take its rife in the Houfe of Com- Provifions
mons, is about the Poor, and fhould be much laid to heart. It
may be thought a ftrange Motion from a Bifhop, to wifli that the
Ad, for charging every Parifh to maintain their own Poor, were
well reviewed, if not quite taken away; this feems to encourage
idle and lazy People in their Sloth, when they know they muft
be maintained : I know no other Place in the World, where
fuch a Law was ever made. Scotland is much the pooreft part of
the Illand; yet the Poor there are maintained by the voluntary
Charities of the People; Holland \^ the perfedeft Pattern, for put-
ting Charity in a good Method; the Poor work as much as they
can ; they are humble and induftrious ; they never ask any
Charity; and yet they are well relieved. When the Poor
fee, that their Supply muft in a great meafure depend on their
Behaviour and on their Induftry, as far as it can go, it will
both make them better in themfelves, and move others to fup-
ply them more liberally ; and when Mens Offerings are free
(and yet are called for, every time they go to Church or to Sa-
crament) this will oblige thole, who diftribute them, to be
exad: and impartial in it ; fince their ill Condud might make
the Givers truft them with their Charity no more, but diftribute
it themlelves. If a Spirit of true Piety and Charity fhould ever
prevail in this Nation, thofe, whofe Condition raifes them above
the Drudgery of fervile Labour, might employ fome Years of
their Life in this Labour of Love, and relieve one another in
their turn, and fo diftribute among them this noble Part of Go-
vernment. All this muft begin in the Houfe of Commons; and
I leave it to the Confideration of the wife and worthy Members
of that Body, to turn their Thoughts to this, as foon- as by a

happy

66o The Conclusion.

happy Peace we are delivered from the Cares of the War, and
are at leifure to think of our own Affairs at home.
Of (hortcr One thing more I prefume to fuggeft, which is, that we may
Seffions of |^^^g fewer and fhorter Seflions of Parliament ; the ftaying long

Famament. ii nn i i y r

in Town both waftes Eltates, and corrupts the Morals of Mem-
bers ; their beginning fo late in the Day to enter upon Bufi-
nefs is one great occafion of long Seffions ; they are feldom met,
'till about twelve a-Clock ; and except on a Day, in which -fome
great Points are to be difcuffed, upon which the Parties di-
vide, they grow difpofed to rife after two or three Hours fitting.
The Authority of the Prince muft Ue interpofed to make them
return to the old Hours of eight and nine ; and if, from that time,
they fate till two, a great deal ofBulinefs might be difpatchedin
a fhort Seffion. It is alfo to be hoped that, when the War is
ended, Parliaments will not give the neceflary Supplies from
Year to Year, as in the time of War, but will fettle Methods
for paying the Publick Debt, and for the Support of the Govern-
ment, for two, if not for three Years. The ill Effeds of an An-
nual Meeting of Parliament are fo vifible and fo great, that I
hope nothing but invincible Neceffity will ever keep us under the
Continuance of fo great an Inconvenience. I fpeak of this with
the more Concern, becaule this is not only a great Charge on
Bifhops, heavy on the richer, and intolerable to the poorer Bi-
, fhopricks; but chiefly, becaufe it calls them away from their Dio-
cefles, and from minding their proper Work, and fills their
Heads too much with Secular Thoughts, and obliges them to
mix too much with Secular Company ; from which the more
abftradcd they are, as their Minds will be purer and freer, fo
they will be able to follow their own Bufinefs with lels diftrac-
tion, in a more conflant Attendance on the Miniflry of the Word
and Prayer, to which, in imitation of the Apoftles, they ought
to give themfelves continually.

I have now gone over what feeraed to me moft practicable, as
well as moft important, for all Ranks of Men feverally in the
Nation, as well as for that great Union of them all, in the Re-
prefentative of the whole in Parliament : I have not gone
into wild Notions of an imaginary Reformation, more to be
wifhed than hoped for; but have only touched on fuch ill Prac-
tices, and bad Difpofitions, as with a little Care and good Govern-
ment may be in fome meafure redrefl'ed and corrcd^cd. And
now, having by all thefe, as by fo many Steps, rifcn up to the
Throne, I will end this Addrefs to the Nation, with an humble
Reprefentation to thofe, who are to fit on it.

I

The Conclusion. 66 i

I have had the Honour to be admitted to niiich free Conver- An AJdrcft
(ation, with five of our Sovereigns j King Charles the Second, ^^ "'^' P""* ^
King James the Second, KinglVilliam the Third, Q^iecn Mary,
and Queen Anne. King Charles s Behaviour was a thing never
enough to be commended; he was a perfedly well-bred Man,
eafy of Accefs, free in his Difcourfe, and fweet in his whole
Deportment; this w^s managed with great Art, and it covered
bad Defigns; it was of fuch ufe to him, that it may teach all
fucceeding Princes, of what advantage an Eafinefs of Accefs
and an obliging Behaviour may be : This preferved him; it
often difarmed thofe Refentments, which his ill Condud^ in
every thing, both Publick and Private, pofTefled all thinking
People with very early, and all forts of People at laft: And yet
none could go to him, but they were in a great meafure fbftned,
before they left him: It looked like a Charm, that could hardly
be refifted : Yet there was no Good-Nature under that, nor was
there any Tmth in him. King James had great Application to
Bufinefs, tho' without a right Underftanding; that Application
gave him a Reputation, till he took care to throw it ojfi : If he
had not come after King Charles, he would have pafl for a Prince
of a fweet Temper, and eafy of Accefs. King William was the
reverfe of all this; he was fcarce AccefTible, and was always Cold
and Silent ; he minded Afiairs abroad fb much, and was io fet
on the War, that he fcarce thought of his Government at home:
This raifed a general Difguft, which was improved by Men of ill
Defigns, fo that it perplexed all his Aifeirs, and he could fcarce
fupport himfelf at Home, whilfl he was the Admiration of all
Abroad. Queen Mary was Aflable, Cheerful and Lively, fj)oke
much, and yet under great Rcferves, minded Bufinefs, and came
to underfland it well; fhe kept clofe to Rules, chiefly to thofe
fet her by the King; and fhe charmed all that came near her.
Queen Anne is eafy of Accefs, and hears every thing very
gently; but opens herfelf to fo few, and is fo Cold and General
in her Anfwers, that People foon find that the chief Application is
to be made to her Minifters and Favourites, who in their turns
have an entire Credit and full Power with her: She has laid down
the Splendor of a Court too much, and eats privately; fb that ex-
cept on Sundays, and a few Houi-s, twice or thrice a Week at
Night in the Drawing Room, fhe appears fo little, that her Court
is as it were abandoned. Out of all thefe Princes Conduct, and
from their SuccefTes in their Af&irs, it is evident what ought to
be the Meafures of a wife and good Prince, who would go-
v^ern the Nation happily and glorioufly.

Vo L. II. 8 F The

662 The Conclusion.

The firft, the mofl efiential, and moft indifpenfable Rule for a
King is, to ftudy thelntereft of the Nation, to be ever in it, and to
be always purfuing it; this will lay in for him fuch a degree of Con-
fidence, that he will be ever fafe with his People, when they feel
they are lafe in him. No part of our Story fhews this more vifi-
bly, than Qiieen Elizabeth\ Reign, in which the true Intereft of
the Nation was conllantly purfued; and this was fo well under-
fiood by all, that every thing elfe was forgiven her and her
Minifters both. Sir Simon Dewe\ Journal fhews a Treatment of
Parliaments, that could not have been born at any other time,
or under any other Adminiftration: This was the conftant Sup-
port of King IVilliams Reign, and continues to fupport the pre
fent Reign, as it will fupport all who adhere fleadily to it.
, A Prince, that would command the Affeitions and Purfes of this
Nation, muft not fludy to ftretch his Prerogative, or be uneafy un-
der the Reflraints of Law ; as foon as this Humour ihews itfelf,
he muft expcd, that a Jealoufy of him, and an unealy Op-
poUtion to him, will follow thro' the whole Courfe of his
Reign ; whereas if he governs well, Parliaments will truft him,
as much as a wile Prince would delire to be trufted j and will
fupply him in every War that is necelTary, either for their own
Preservation , or the Prefervation of thofe Allies, with whom mu-
tual Literefls and Leagues unite him: But tho', fbon after the
Reftoration, a flavifh Parliament fupportcd King Charles in the
Dutch War, yet the Nation muft be ftrangely changed, before
any thing of that fort can happen again.

One of the moft deteftable and the foolifheft Maxims, with
relation to our Government, is to keep up Parties and a Rivalry
amcng them; to fliift and change Miniftcrs, and to go from
one Party to another, as they can be brought in their turns to
offer the Prince more Money, or to give him more Authority :
this will in concluiion render him odious and contemptible to all
Parties, who growing accuftomed to his Ficklenefs, will never
truft him, but rather ftudy to fecure themfelves, by deprelling
him ; of which the Reign of Henry the Third of Fra7ice is a
fignal Inftance. V/e faw what Effects this had on King Charles's,
Reign ; and King Williatn felt what an ill ftep he had made,
near the end of his Reign, in purfuing this Maxim. Nothing
creates t(? a Prince fuch a Confidence, as a conftant and clear
Firmnefs and Steadinefs of Government, with an unblemifhed
Integrity in all his Profeffions ; and nothing will create a more
univerfal Dependance on him, than when it is vifible, he ftudies
to allay the Heats of Parties, and to reconcile them to one ano-
ther :

The Conclusion. 663

tlier: This will demonftratc, that he loves his People, and that
he has no ill Defigns of his own.

A Prince, who would be well ferved, ought to feck out
amonor his Subjeds the beft and moft capable of the Youth, and
fee to their good Education at home and abroad ; he ihould (end
them to travel, and order his Minifters abroad to keep fuch for
fome time about them, and to fend them from Court to Court,
to learn their Language, and obferve their Tempers: If but
twelve fuch were con ftantly kept, on an Allowance of 250/. a*
year, the whole Expence of this would rife but to 3000/. a-ycar :
By this inconfiderable Charge, a Prince might have a conftant
Nurfery for a wife and able Miniftry. But thofe ought to be
well chofen, none ought to pretend to the Nomination ; it ought
to rife from the Motion, of the hontfteft and moft difmtcrefted
of all his Minifters, to the Prince in fecret. As great a care ought
to be had, in the Nomination of the Chaplains of his Minifters
abroad, that there may be a Breed of worthy Clergymen, who
have large Thoughts and great Notions, from a more enlarged
View of Mankind and of the World. If a Prince would have all
that ferve him grateful and true to him, he muft ftudy to find out,
who are the propereft and worthieft Men, capable of Employ-
ments, and prevent their Applications, and furprize them with
beftowing good Pofts unfought, and railing them higher, as
they ferve well : When it is known, that a Prince has made it
his Maxim, to follow this Method in diftributing his Favours,
he will cut off Applications for them; which will other wife create
a great Uncaftnefs to him, and have this certain ill effedl, that,
where there are many Pretenders, one muft have the preference
to all the reft ; fo that many are mortified for being rejedled, and
are full of Envy at him, who has obtained the Favour, and there-
fore will detrad from him as much as poftible. This has no where
worfe Effeds than among the Clergy, in the Difpofal of the
Dignities of the Church : And therefore Queen Mary refolved to
break thofe Afpirings; which Refolution fhe carried on effedually
for fome Years : A conftant purfuing that Maxim would have a
great effed on the Nation.

Frequent Progrefles round the Nation, (b divided, that once
in feven, eight or ten Years, the chief Places of it might be
gone thro', would recommend a Prince wonderfully to the Peo-
ple ; efpecially if he were gentle and affable, and would fo ma-
nage his Progrefs, that it fhould not be a Charge to any, by re-
fufing to accept of Entertainments, from any Perfon whatfoever :
for the accepting thefe only from fuch, as could eafily bear the
Charge of it, woald be an affronting of others, who being of

equal

^64 ^^^ Conclusion.

equal Rank, though not of equal Eftates, would likewife defire
to treat the Prince. So to make a Progrefa every where accepta-
ble, and no where chargeable, the fure Method would be, ac-
cording to the eftabliihed Rule of the Houfhold, for the Prince
to carry the travelling Wardrobe with him, and to take fuch
Houfes in the way, as are moft convenient for him ; but to en-
tertain himfelf and his Court there, and have a Variety of Ta-
bles for fuch as may come to attend on him. On this QjMary
had fet her Heart, if fhe had lived to fee Peace in her Days ; by
this means a Prince may fee and be feen by his People ; he may
know fome Men, that deferve to be diftinguifhed, of whom
otherwife he would never have heard ; and he may learn and
redrefs the Grievances of his People, preventing all Parliamentary
Complaints, except for fuch Matters as cannot be cured, but by
a Remedy in Parliament : Methods like thefe would make a
Prince become the Idol of his People.

It is certain, that their Affedllons mufl: follow a Prince, who
would confider Government and the Royal Dignity as his Calling,
and would be daily employed in it, ftudying the Good and Hap-
pinefs of his People, purfuing the propereft ways for promoting
it, without cither delivering himfelf up to the Sloth of Luxury
and vain Magnificence, or affecting the Barbarity of War and
Conquefl: ; which render thofe, who make the World a Scene
of Blood and Rapine, indeed the Butchers of Mankind. If thefe
Words feem not decent enough, I will make no other Apology,
but that I ufe them, becaufe I cannot find worfe : For as they
are the worft of Men, fo they deferve the worft of Language.
Can it be thought that Princes are raifed to the higheft Pitch of
Glory and Wealth, on defign to corrupt their Minds with Pride
and Contempt of the reft of Mankind, as if they were made only
to be the Inftruments of their Extravagancies, or the Subjeds
of their Paflions and Humours ? No ! they are exalted for the
Good of their Fellow- Creatures, in order to raife them to the
trueft Sublimity, to become as like Divinity, as a mortal Crea-
ture is capable of being. None will grudge them their great
Treafures and Authority, when they fee it is all employed to
make their People happy. None will envy their Greatnels, when
they fee it accompanied with a fuitable Greatnefs of Soul, whereas
a magnified and flattered Pageant will foon fall under univerial
Contempt "and Hatred. There is not any one thing more cer-
tain and more evident, than that Princes are made for the Peo-
ple, and not the People for them ; and perhaps there is no Na-
tion under Heaven, that is more entirely pofleilcd with this No-
tion of Princes, than the EngUp Nation is in this Age j fo that

I they

The Conclusion. 6(^5

they will foon be uneafy to a Prince, who does not govern him*
it'lf by this Maxim, and in time grow very unkind to him.

Great Care ought to be taken, in the Nomination of Judged
and BiHiops. I join thefe together; for Law and RcHgion,
Juftice and Piety, are tlie Support of Nations, and give ftrcngth
and Security to Governments: Judges muft be recommended by
thofe in the High Ports of the Law; but a Prince may, by his
own Tafte and upon Knowledge, choofc his Bifhops. Tliey
ought to be Men eminent for Piety, Learning, Discretion and
Zeal ; not broken with Age, which will quickly render them in-
capable of ferving the Church, to any good purpofe: A Pcrlbn
fit to be a Bifhop at fixty, was fit at forty; and had then Spirit
and Adivity, with a Strength both of Body and Mind. The
vaft Expence they are at, in entering on their Bifhopricks, ought
to be regulated: No Bi{ho|5ricks can be, in any good degree,
ferved under looo /. a Year at leaft. The Judges ought to be
plentifully provided for, that they may be under no Temptation,
to fupply themfelves by indiredl Ways: One Part of a Prince's
Care, to be recomn nded to Judges in their Circuits, is to know
what Perfons are, as it were, hid in the Nation, that are fit for
Employments, and deferve to be encouraged; of fuch, tliey
ought to give an Account to the Lord Chancellor, who ought to
lay it before the Throne. No Crime ought to be pardoned, till
the Judge who gave Sentence is heard, to give an Account of the
Evidence, with the Circumftances of the FacS:, as it appeared o»
the Trial: no regard ought to be had to Stories that are told, to
move Compafiion; for in thele, little regard is had to Truth:
And an Eafinefs in pardoning is, in fome Ibrt, an encouraging
of Crimes, and a giving Licence to commit them.

But to run out no longer into particulars, the great and
comprehenfive Rule of all is, that a King fbould confider himfelf,
as exalted by Almighty God into that high Dignity, as into a
Capacity of doing much good, and of being a great blefiing to
Mankind, and in fome fort a God on Earth; and therefore,
as he expeds, that his Minifters iliould ftudy to advance his Ser-
vice, his Interefts and his Glory ; and that, fo much the more, as
he raifes them to higher Ports of Favour and Honour; lb he,
whom God has raifed to the greateft Exaltation, this World is ca-
pable of, fhould apply himfelf wholly to Cares, becoming his Rank
and Station, to be in himfelf a Pattern of Virtue and true Religion,
to promote Jurtice, to relieve and revenge the Opprerted, and to
feek out Men of Virtue and Piety, and bring them into fuch De-
grees of Confidence, as they may be capable of; to encourage a
due and a generous Freedom in their Advices, to be ready t®

Vol. II. 8G fe?

666 Tloe Conclusion.

fee his own Errours, that he may correft them, and to entertain
every thing, that is fuggefted to him, for the Good of his People,
and for the Benefit of Mankind; and to make a Difference be-
tween thofe, who court his Favour for their own Ends, who
ftudy to flatter and by that to pleafe him, often to his own Ruin,
and thofe who have great Views and noble Aims, who fet him
on to purfue Defigns worthy of him, without mean or partial re-
gards to any Ends or Interefts of their own. It is not enough for
a Prince, not to encourage Vice or Impiety, by his own ill Prac-
tices; it ought to appear, that thefe are odious to him, and that
they give him Horrouf: A Declaration of this, kind, folemnly
made and fteadily purfued, would foon bring on at leaft an exte-
riour Reformation, which would have a great Effed: on the Body
of the Nation, and on the rifing Gerteration, though it were but
hypocritically put on at firft. Such a Prince would be perhaps too
great a Blefling to a wicked World: Queen Mary feemed to have
the Seeds of all this in her; but the World was not worthy of her:
And fo God took her from it.
An Exhor- ^ ^^^^ coucludc this wholc Addrcfs to Pofterity with that, which
ration to all, is the moft important of all other things, and which alone will

to become ■, . ^r ^ • a • i*i* i-

truly Rcii- catry every tmng elle along with it; which is to recommend, in
gious. jjjg moft folemn and ferious manner, the Study and Pradlice of
Religion to all forts of Men, as that which is both the Light of
the World, and the Salt of the Earth. Nothing does fo open
our Faculties, and compofe and dired: the whole Man, as an in-
ward Senfe of God, of his Authority over us, of the Laws he
has fet us, of his Eye ever upon us, of his hearing our Prayers,
allifting our Endeavours, watching over our Concerns, and of his
being to judge and to reward or punifli us in another State, ac-
cording to what we do in this: Nothing will give a Man fuch a
Deteftation of Sin, and fuch a Senfe of the Goodnefs of God,
and of our Obligations to Holinefs, as a right Underftanding and
a firm Belief of the Chriftian Religion: Nothing can give a Man
fo calm a Peace within, and fuch a firm Security againft all Fears
and Dangers without, as the Belief of a kind and wife Providence,
and of a future State* An Integrity of Heart gives a Man a Cou-
rage, and a Confidence that cannot be fhaken : A Man is furc
that, by living according to the Rules of ReHgion, he becomes
the wifeft, the beft and happieft Creature, that he is capable of
being: Honeft Induftry, the employing his Tim.e well, and a
conftant Sobriety, an undefiled Purity and Chaftity, with a quiet
Serenity, are the beft Prefervers of Life and Health : So that, take
a Man a£ a fingle Individual, Religion is his Guard, his Perfec-
tion,

The Conclusion. 66']

tion, his Beauty, and his Glory: Tliis will make him the Light
of the Worlds fliining brightly, and enlightening many round
about him.

Then take a Man as a Piece of Mankind, as a Citizen of the
World, or of any particular State, Religion is indeed then thg
Salt of the Earth : For it makes every Man to be to all the reft
of the World, whatfoever any one can with reafon wifli or defirc
Jiim to be. He is true, juft, honeft and faithful in the whole
Commerce of Life, doing to all others, that which he would have
others do to him : He is a Lover of Mankind, and of his Coun-
try : He may and ought to love fome more than others ; but he
has an Extent of Love to all, of Pity and Companion, not only
to the pooreft, but to the worft ; for the worfe any are, they
are the more to be pitied. He has a Complacency and Delight in all
that are truely, tlio' but defectively good, and a Refpeft and
Veneration for all that are eminently fo : He mourns for the
Sins, and rejoices in the Virtues of all that are round about him :
In every Relation of Life, Religion makes him anfwer all his
Obligations : It will make Princes juft and good, faithful to
their Promiles, and Lovers of their People : It will infpire Sub-
jedls with Refped, Submi/Iion, Obedience and Zeal for their
Prince : It will fandlify Wedlock to be a State of Chriftian
Friendfhip, and mutual Afliftance: It will give Parents the
trueft Love to their Children, with a proper Care of their
Education : It will command the Returns of Gratitude and Obe-
dience from Children : It will teach Mafters to be gentle and
careful of their Servants, and Servants to be faithful, zealous, and
diligent in their Mafter's Concerns : It will make Friends tender
and true to one another ; it will make them generous, faithful and
difinterefted : It will make Men live in their Neighbourhood, as
Members of one common Body, promoting firft the general
Good of the Whole, and then the Good of every Particular, as
far as a Man's Sphere can go : It will make Judges and Ma-
giftrates juft and patient, hating Covetoufnefs, and maintaining
Peace and Order, without refpeft of Perfons : It will make Peo-
ple live in fo inoffenftve a manner, that it will be eafy to main-
tain Juftice, Whilft Men are not difj^oled to give Difturbance to
thoie about them. This will make Bifhops and Paftors faithful
to their Truft, tender to their People, and watchful over them ;
and it will beget in the People an Efteem for their Perfons, and
their Functions.

Thus Religion, if truely received and ftncerely adhered to,
would prove thegreateft of all Bleftings to a Nation: But by Reli-
gion,

6(58 7^^ Conclusion.

gion, I underRand fomewhat moi-e thaa the receiving Come Doc-
trines, tlto' ever fo true, or the profefiing them, and engaging to
fupport them, not without Zeal and Eagernefs. What fignify
the bed Dodlrines, if Men do not live fuitably to them ; if they
have not a due Influence upon their Thoughts, their Principles,
and their Lives ? Men of bad Lives, with found Opinions, are
felf condemned, and lie under a highly aggravated Guilt ; nor
will the Heat of a Party, arifing out of Intereft, and managed
with Fury and Violence, compenfate for the ill Lives of fuch
falfe Pretenders to Zeal ; while they are a Difgrace to that, which
they profefs and feerrl fo hot for. By Religion I do not mean,
an outward Compliance with Form and Cuftoms, in going to
Church, to Prayers, to Sermons and to Sacraments, with an
external Shew of Devotion, or, which is more, with fbme in-
ward forced good Thoughts, inwliich many may fatisfy themlelves,
while this has no vifible efFed: on their Lives, nor any inward
Force to fubdue and rectify their Appetites, Paffions and fecret
Defigns. Thofe cuftomary Performances, how good and ufeful
foever, when well underftood and rightly diredled, are of little
value, when Men reft on them, and think that, becaufe they do
them, they have therefore acquitted themfelves of their Duty,
tho' they continue ftill proud, covetous, full of Deceit, Envy
and Malice: Even fecret Prayer, the moft effedual of all other
means, is deligned for a higher end, which is to pofTefs our
Minds with fuch a conftant and prefent Senfe of Divine Truths,
as may make thefe live in us, and govern us ; and may draw
down hich Afliftances, as may exalt and fandlify our Natures.

So that by Religion I mean, fuch a Senfe of divine Truth, as
enters into a Man, and becomes a Spring of a new Nature within
him; reforming his Thoughts and Defigns, purifying his Heart,
and fanftifying him, and governing his whole Deportment, his
Words as well as his Anions ; convincing him that, it is not
enough, not to be fcandalouily vicious, or to be innocent in his
Converfation, but that he muft be entirely, uniformly and con-
ftantly pure and vertuous, animating him with a Zeal, to be ftill
better and better, more eminently good and exemplary, ufing
Prayers and all outward Devotions, as folemn A6ls teftifying
what he is inwardly and at heart, and as Methods inftituted by
God, to be ftill advancing in the ule of them further and
further, into a more refined and fpiritual Senfe of divine
Matters. This is true Religion, which is the Perfedion of
Human Nature, and the Joy and Delight of every one, that feels
it adive and ftrong within him; it is true, this is not arrived at

2 all

I

21?^ .CoHQi^iOmiS. (669

all at once; and it will have aq- i^n^iappy /fU^/^ -t^^gli^^Qng
even about a good Man : lint, as tj^ofc \\l ^ii^ui^cs ar«; |h,e per-
petual Grief ol his Soul, fo it is his chie( Cai^e to watch ov^.r ^fiA
to mortify them ; he will be in a, continual Pfogrefsj, -ftill g^n-.
ing ground upon himfelf: And, as he attains to a good degree
of Purity, he will find a noble Flame of Life and Joy growing
upon him. Of this I write with the more Concern and Emo-
tion, becaufe I have felt this the true and indeed the only
Joy, which runs thto' a Man's Heart and Life : It is that which
has been for many Years my greatefl: Support; I rejoice daily
in it ; I feel from it the Earned: of that fupreme Joy, which I
pant and long for ; I am fure there is nothing clfe can afford
any true or compleat Happinefs. I have, confidering my Sphere^
feen a great deal of all, that is moft fliining and tempting in
this World : The Pleafures of Scnfe I did foon naufeate; Intrigues
of State, and the Condud of Affairs have fomething in them,
that is more fpecious ; and I was, for fome Years, deeply im-
merfed in thefe, but ftill with Hopes of reforming the World,
and of making Mankind wifcr and better: But I have found,
*J7)at which is crooked cannot be made p.raight^ I acquainted my
felf with Knowledge and Learning, gr?^ that in a great Variety,
and with more Compafs"than Depth : biit ?Bb' Wijdom excclleth
Folly -i as much as Light does Darhifjs\ jQt-^ as it is ^fore Travail^
fo it is fo very defe6tive, that what la 'wct^ting to compleat it, can-
not be numbered. I have feen that two were better tha?t one-, and
that a threefold Cord is not eafdy loofed ; and have therefore culti-
vated Friendfhip with much Zeal and a difintercftcd Tendcrnefs ;
but I have found this was alfo Vanity and Vexation of Spirit,
tho' it be of the beft and noblefl: fort. So that, upon great
and long Experience, I could enlarge on the Preacher's Text,
Vanity of Vanities-, and alhis Vanity ; but I muft alfo conclude
with him ; Fear God-, and keep his Commandments, for this is the
^11 of Man., the Whole both of his Duty, and of his Happinefs.
I do therefore end all, in the Words of David-, of the Truth of
which, upon great Experience and a long Obfervation, I am
fo fully affured, that I leave thefe as my laft Words to Pofterity:
" Come ye Children, hearke?t unto 7ne ; I will teach you the Fear
" of the Lord ; what Man is he that defireth Life-, and loveth
" many Days-, that he may fee Good \ keep thy Tongue from
" jE-y//, and thy Lips from fpeaking Guile ; depart from Evil,
*' and do Good, feek Peace and pur j tie it. The Ryes of the Lord
*' are upon the Righteous-, a?jd his Ears are open to their Cry,
*' but the Face of the Lord is agai^ifl them that do Evil, to cut
Vol. II. 8 H « off

6y6 The CoNGLvsioN,

*< cf tl>e Remembrai^ce of them ^ frc?n the Earth. The Right echs
" cry, avd the Lord heareth and deliver eth them cut of all
« their Troubles, The Lord is nigh unto thefn, that are of a
" broken Heart .^ and fav eth fuch as be of a contrite Spirit^^

N.B. This was written in June 1708, when the Author thought himfelf near the end of
the Hiltory.

THE

/^w» tV. 1,

i)

^'{\ 1 rj 1 }

671

THE

LIFE

O F T H E

AUTHOR:

By the E D I T O R

THOMAS BURNET, Efq;

^^T were to be wifKed, that the Author himfeJf had
,yS lived to have compleated his whole Defign, and as he
^^ made 7%uanus his Pattern in Hiftory, hke him to
have clofed his Work with an Account of his own
Life : That he intended fo to have done, is evident
both from his laft Will, and from a rough Draught or impcrfeft
Sketch of this nature, left behind him. He aded fo confiderable
a Part in the World, in fo many different Stations; he met with fo
large a fKare of Favour from ibme, and fo much Cenfure from
others; and in a Life, where the Scenes were fo various, there
mufl be fo many Occurrences, which will be both ufeful and
entertaining ; that I feared the Publick would fcarce forgive me,
as an Editor, if I fliould not endeavour to fupply this only Part

of

(S72 The Livu of

of the Author's Plan, which he himfelf did not live to execute.
Tho' the producing Authorities for the feveral Fads, aflerted in
the following Sheets, might perhaps have exempted a Writer from
future Cavils : yet the inferting Vouchers for every Particular *,
would have rendred a Work of this nature both dry and tedious;
I have only done it, where the Matter related feemed very eflen-
tial, and the original Papers themfelves might prove an agreeable
Entertainment. I have carefully avoided repeating all thofe
Parts of the Author's Life, which are already related in the Hi-
Jiory of his ow?i Thne : They are only tranfiently mentioned here,
fo as to continue the Thread of my Narration, and the Reader is
referred, for farther Information, to the Hiftory itfelf.

The All- Our Author, Dr. Gilbert Burnet, was born at Edinhurgh

aidpf"^' on the eighteenth Day oi September in the Year 1643. His Fa-
rcnc^i^e. thcr was the younger Brother of a Family, very confiderable for
its Antiquity as well as Intereft, in the Shire of Aberdee7i ; and
was bred to the Civil Law, which he ftudied for feven Years in
France. His excefUve Modefty fo far deprefs'd his Abilities, that
he never made a fhining Figure at the Bar, tho' he was univerfally
efteemcd a Man of Judgment and Knowledge in his ProfefHon ;
he was eminent for Probity and Generofity in his Pradice ; info-
much that near one half of it went in Adls of Charity and Friend-
fhip : From the Poor he never took a Fee, nor from a Clergy-
man, when he fued in the Right of his Church. In the Year
1637, when the Troubles in Scotland were breaking out, he
was fo difgurted at the Condud: of the governing Bifhops there,
he cenfured them with fo much Warmth, and was, at the ^me
time, fo remarkable for his ftrid: and exemplary Life, that he
was generally called a Puritan : But when he faw, that inftead
of reforming Abufes in th° Epifcopal Order, the Order itfelf was
ftruck at, he adhered to it with great Zeal and Conftancy; as h^
did to the Rights of the Crown, without once complying with,
that Party, which afterwards prevailed in both Nations. Fo?
tho* he agreed with Barclay and Grotius (with the latter of whoQJ
he had been intimately acquainted] as to their Notions of Re-
finance, where the Laws are broke through by a limited Sove-
reign ; yet he did not think that was then the Cafe in Scotland.

Our Author's Mother was very eminent for her Piety and
Virtue ; fhe was a warm Zealot for the Presbyterian DifcipKne ;
her Education that way had been very ftridl; fhe was Sifter to
the famous Sir Archibald yohnJlou7ty called Lord Warrijioun^

who,

* Thofe Farts for which no Voucher is al- ported by other Tcflimonics, if occafion fliqiild
ledgcd, are taken from the Bilhop's Manufcript require.
Notes of hij own I^ife. And can be further fup'

tion.

the Author.

who, during the Civil Wars, was at the Head of the Presbyte-
rians; and was too often hurried away, by his Attachment td
them, into Excefles that were not fuitable to his natural Temper;
which was juft, generous and felf-dcnying: Infomuch that he
left behind him but a very fmall Provilion, for a Family of
thirteen Children, though for many Years he had been entrufted
with the whole Government of Scotland. He was (o zealous iri
the Interefts of his Party, that neither Friendfhip nor Alliance
could difpofe him, to fhew favour to thofe, who refufcd the fo-
lemn League and Covenant. Our Author's Father therefore, per-
fifting in this Refuial, at three feveral times was obliged to quit the
Kingdom, and at one of them to remain an Exile for five Years:
And, when his Return was afterwards connived at, as his Princi-
ples would not permit him to renew the Pradice of the Law, much
lefs to accept of the Preferments in it, offered him by Oliver
Cromwell, he lived retired in the Country upon his own Eftate,
till theReftoration; when he was made one of the Lords of the
SefHon.

His Father's Retirement from Bufinefs proved a confiderable HisEduci-
Advantage to our Author's Education, which was wholly under "^
his Care, and lb managed by him, that at ten Years old his Son
was Mailer 'of the Latin Tongue: he was fent at that Age to the
College of Aberdeen, where he perfe(9:cd himfelf in Greek, and
went tlirough tlie common Methods of the Arijlotelian Logick
and Philofophy with Applaufe; he commenced Mafter of Arts
before he was fourteen, and then applied himfelf to the Law,
much to the regret of his Father, who had always defigned hini
for a Clergyman. He continued ftudying the Civil and Feudal
Law for above a Year, by which he laid in fuch true Notions of
Society and Government, as are feldom found amongft Divines ;
he then changed hisRefolution, and determined wholly to dedicate
himfelf to the Church : Thereupon he purfued a very hard Courfe
of Study; he went through the old and new Teftament, with all
the jfeveral Commentaries upon the different Parts of it, then in
repute ; he examined into the moft noted Authors in Controverfy,
and read Bellarmine and Chamier, in oppofition to each other,
quite through; he perufed Ibme of the moft received Syftems of
School-Divinity, but was foon dilgufted at the Subtlety of thofe
Writers, and readily oblerved, how little all their Disputes, which
the Jargon of the Schools rendred endlefs, could tend towards
malang Men wifer or better. In his Hours of Amufement, he
ran through many Volumes of Hiftory: And it is fcarce con-
ceivable, what a Progrefs he had made in thefe Studies, before he

Vol. Hi 8 I waa

^^4 ^^ Life of

•wis eighteen, by an Application, which feldom fell fliort of four-
teen Hours in a Day.
He is ad- At that Age, he was put upon his Trial, as a Probationer
Probationer, or Expcdant PreachcF ; who, after having pafs'd Examina-
tioU) is at liberty to preach wherefoever he is defired, but has
no particular Church, to which he is attendant. This is the firfl:
Step in Scoiland, towards an Admiflion into Orders, and was
pradifed both under the Epifcopal and Presbyterian Oeconomy.
The Method obferved in it has fomething fo different from
what is cuftomarr in Eng/a?2ci, that it may perhaps be worthy
the Reader's Notice. Thefe Probationers are firft appointed to
preach practically on a Text affigned them ; next, critically upon
another, the Senfe of which is controverted ; and then a mix'd
Sermon, of Criticifm on the Text, and practical Inferences from
it, is expedled from them. After this, the Examiners allot a Head
of Divinity to each, on which they are to make a Latin Oration,
and to give out Z5^^ upon it, which they undertake to defend in
publick : Then a Hebrew Pfalm and a Portion of the Greek Tes-
tament is given them, to render into EngliJJj extempore \ and laft
of all comes the Queflionary Trial, in which every Minifter o^
the Diftrift is at liberty to put fuch Queftions to the Perlbn under
Examination, as occur to him, out of the Scripture gr Body of
Divinity. Before any one can be admitted to this, he muft pro-
duce a Teflimonial of his good Life from the Minifter of the
Parifh where he lives ; and if during his Trial, which lafts for
three Months, any Scandal can be proved upon him, he is laid
afide as unfit for the Church.
Refufesa This Probation our Author went through, at the Age of
to aLiJin°" Eighteen ; about which time his Father was made a Lord of the
Sejfton^ and his Coufin German, Sir Alexander Burnet^ gave him
the Prelentation to a very good Benefice, where his Family re-
fided, and which lay in the Center of all his Kindred. There
is no Law in Scotland^ that limits the Age a Minifter muft be of;
but our Author thought his own fo unfit for a Cure of Souls,
that he abfolutely refufed to accept of it, notwithftanding the
repeated Importunities of all his Relations, except his Father,
who left him wholly to his own Diforetion.
His Father's In the Year 1661, his Father died; and foon after his Bro-
£funhe"^ ther Robert-i who was then become very eminent at the Bar, as
Purfuit of his other Brother Thomas was afterwards in Phyfick : Upon the
occafion of his Brother's Death, our Author was much follicited,
by his Mother's Relations, to return to his former Study of the
Law, wherein he was aflurcd of the greateft Encouragement ;
but he perlifted in his former R'cfolution, of devoting his Life

to

the Author.

675,

to the Service of the Church, in which he was confirmed by
Mr. Nairn^ Minifter of the Abbey Church at Edinburgh, Mr;
Nairn was then the admired Preacher of that Country, remark-
able for Accuracy of Style, as well as Strength of Reafoning and
Sublimenefs of Thought : Him our Author purpofed to make his
Pattern, in this Branch of the Paftoral Office ; and was not a
little furprized to find, that he always preached extempore. For
though all Sermons in Scotland were delivered without book, yet
were they premeditated Difcourfes, firft written and then learn'd
by heart ; which was a lofs of time Mr. Nairn could not fubmit
to, and he foon put our Author upon attempting the fame Me-
thod of Preaching, which he continued to pradife all the reft of
his Life *. He attained to an Eafinefs in it, chiefly by allotting
many Hours of the Day to Meditation upon all forts of Subjects,
and by accuftoming himfelf, at thofe times, to fpeak his Thoughts
aloud, ftudying always to render hisExpreflioncorredl. Mv. Nairn
led him likewife into a new Courfe of Reading, by recommend-
ing to his Perufal Smith\ SeleB Difcourfes^ Dr. More\ Tf^orksy
and the Writings of Plato and his Followers; but no Book
pleafed him more than Hookers Ecclefiajlical Polity^ from the
Principles of which he never departed.

In the Year 1662, the Scotch Bifhops, who had been confe-
crated at Wefiminfier^ made a pompous Entry into Edinburgh^
and, by the Pride of their firft Appearance, gave no good Omen
of their future Condu<fl. Bifhop Leightoun^ though one of their
number, would have no fhare in the State they took upon them,
on this occafion : He foon became acquainted with our Author's
growing Fame, and as he conceived a great Affedion for him,
he took a peculiar Pleafure in overlooking his Studies. By his
Advice, he became converfant with all the Primitive Writers,
going through the Apologys and other Treatifes of the Fathers
of the three firft Centuries, and Binnius's Collection of Councils,
down to the fecond Council of A^ice.

At the fame time, our Author contra<5led an Intimacy with
another eminent Divine, Mi. Chart eris^ a Man of great Pru-
dence, joined to an unaffefted Simplicity of Behaviour : He was
not only very knowing in his own Profeflion, but was likewife a

great

* I fliall only mention two remarkable In-
ftances in relation to his preaching without Book.
In 1691, when the Sees, vacant by the Depriva-
tion of the Nonjuring Bifliops, were filled up,
Bflhop Wdliams was appointed to preach one of
the Confecration Sermons at Bow-Church. But
being detained by fome Accident, the Clerk had
twice fet the Pfalm, and ftill the Preacher did not
appear. Whereupon the ArchbKhop of Canter-
iury defired Dr. Burnet-, then Bi/hop of Sammy
to fupply his Place, which he did j and, as the

Archbifhop declared, gave them the beft Sermon
he ever heard him preach. In 1705, he was ap-
pointed to preach the Thankfgiving Sermon be-
fore the Queen at St. FauFs ; and as it was the only
Difcourfe he had ever wrote bH^orehand, fo this
was the only time that he was £ver at a raufe ia
Preaching, which on that occafion lafted for i-
bove a Minute. Thefe two Incidents were fo
publickly known and fpoke of, that I think it
needleft to alledge any particular Authority ior
them, unlefs they ihould be qucftioned.

€76 ^^ Life of

great Matter of Hiftory, both antient and modern, of Geography*
and Books of Travels, and not a little skilled in Mathematical
Learning. Thefe three Perfons, by their Converfation and Ad-
vice, contributed towards finifhing an Education, vv^hich had
been fo happily begun. And indeed, what might not be ex-
pected from fuch early Helps, where Nature had laid in Mate-
rials, fo fit to be wrought upon ? For there was a robufl Confti-
tutionj capable of the hardeft Labour and Study, an Apprehen-
fion that took things quickly, and a Memory that retained them
long, an Imagination rather too lively, and a natural Fluency of
ExprefHon.
His Journey In the Year 1663, our Author took a fhort Tour into Eng-
nian . j^^^ , f^c firft vifitcd the two Univcrlities ; 2X Cambridge., he had
an Opportunity to know and admire the extenfive Learning of
Dr. Cudworth-i the Judgment and Moderation of Dr. Pearfony
the fine luxuriant Imagination of Dr. Burnet (Author of die
Theory) and the Free-Thinking of Dr. He?try More, one of
whofe Sayings, with relation to Rites and Ceremonies, then
made great Impreflion on him ; IVone of thefe, faid he, are bad
enough to make Men bad, and I am fure no7ze of the?n are good
enough to i?iake Men good. At Oxford our Author was much ca-
refs'd, on account of his ready Knowledge of the Councils and
Fathers, efpecially by Dr. Fell, and Dr. Pocock, that great Maftet
of Oriental Learning; he was much improved there in his Ma-
thematicks and Philofophy by the Inftruclions of Dr. Wallisy
who likewife gave him a Letter of Recommendation to the Learned
and Pious Mr. Boyle at Lo7tdon. Upon his Arrival there, he was
introduced to all the moft noted Divines, fuch as Ttllotfon, Stil-
lingfleet, Patrick, Lloyd, Whitchcot and Wilkins, whofe Cha-
raSers are faithfully drawn by him in the Hiftory. But no Con-
verfation proved a greater Advantage to him, than that of Sir Ro-^
hert Murray, not only as he brought him into the beft Company,
but as he alfo adted the part of a feithful Monitor, in reprov-
ing him for any Errors or Indifcretions, his Youth might be-
tray him into. After a Stay in England of about fix Months,
which, being fpent in the manner I have mentioned, could not
but be highly ufeful, he returned to Scotland, where he was again
prefs'd to enter into Orders, and accept of one of the beft Benefices
in the Weft.
Delays ac- ^ii Robert Fletcher oi Saltou?^, who, during his ftay at P^w,
good Bene- had received many Obligations from his Father, hearing fo great
a Character of the Son, invited him down to his Seat, and had no
fooner heard him preach, than he offered him that Church, the
Minifter of it being nominated to one of the Vacant Bifhopricks.

Our

*

the AtjTtioR. 677

Cur Author would Kave excufed himfelf, as lm\'iiig determined
for fomc Months to travel beyond Sect; and foHcitcd the Living
for his Friend Mr. Nairn : but Sir Robert would admit of no de-
nial ; and as the prefent Incumbent was not to be cohfecrated
immediately, refolved to keep the Benefice vacant, till his return
from his Travels.

It was in the Year 1664, that our Author vvcht ove?r to //^/-Hu Travel*
/^W; where, after he had feen what was remarkable in the feven "ni"l„j.
Provinces, he fixed hisRefidenceat Amjierdam> There, by thch.clpof
a learned kahhiy heperfe(5led himfelf in the Hebrew Language; \\t
likewife became acquainted with the leading Men of thcdificrcnt
Perfuafions tolerated in that Country; as the Arminians^ the Lu^Ae-
rahSy the Unitarians^ the Brownijlsy the Anabaptijtsy and the Pa-
pijis : Amongfteach of whom^ he ufed frequently to declare he hAd
met with Men of fuch real Piety and Virtue, that there he became
fix'd in that ftrong Principle of univerfal Charity, and of thinking
well of thofe that differed from him, as likewife in ail invincible
Abhorrence of all Severities, on account of religious Diffenfiens,
which hath often drawn upon him the bittereft Cenfures from
thofe, whoj perhaps by a narrower Education, were led into d
narrovver way of Thinking.

From Holland he paft through the Netherlajids into France ; hd
remained for Ibme time ^.tPariSy andconverfed often with the twcJ
famous Minifters o{ Charenton, Daille aild Morus\, the one re-
nowned for his Learning and Judgment, the other for his bright
Parts and Eloquence. He thought there entred too much of the
Geftiu'e of the Theatre into Moruss delivery ; his Sermons were
full of Fire and of Turns, which being out of the common Road,
at once furprifed and pleafed his Audience ; but when thefe Flights^
which paft currently in a pathetick Dilcourfe, came to be coolly
confidered^ they would hardly bear the Teft: So that as our Au-
thor found in him much that deferved Imitation, there was ftill
more that required Correction. His Stay in France was the
longer, on account of the great Freedom and Kindnefs, with
which lie was treated by the Lord Holies^ then AmbaiTador at
the French Court. Towards the End of the Year he returned to
Scotland through London^ where he was introduced, by the
Prefident Sir Robert Murray ^ to be a Member of the Royal So-
ciety.

Soon after his Arrival at Edinburgh^ Sir Robert Fletc/jer c^meufcniedis
thither, and carried him down to Saltoun, giving him the Pre- iVrTilT^nd
fentation to that Church ; but he declined taking it abfolutely at '{J^ Conckj<a
firft, and refolved to continue there four Months, pcrformingp lithe
Fimdions of a Minifter, without engaging himfelf to the Pariih, till

Vol. IL 8 K he

678 TJje Li Ft of

lie fhoiild have the joint Reqiiefl: of all tl\e Parlfhioners; which he
afterwards had, without one fingle Exception: and thereupon he
was ordained a Prieft by the Bifihop of Edinburgh in the Year
1665. During the five Years he remained at Saltouti^ he preached
twice every Sunday, and once more on one of the Week Days ;
he catechifed three times a Week, To as to examine every Pa-
rifiiioner, old or young, thrice over in the compafs of a Year; he
went round his Pariili, from Houfe to Houfe, inflmfting, re-
proving or comforting them, as Occafion required; thofe' that
were fick, he vifited tvv'ice a day; he adminiftred the Sacrament
four times a Year, and perfonally inflructed all fuch, as gave No-
tice they intended to receive it ; all that remained above liis own
neceflary Subfiftence (in which he was very frugal) he gave away
in Charity. A particular Inftance of his Generolity that way, a
Perfon * (who then lived with him, and afterwards was in his
Service at Salisbury) ufed to recount : One of his Parifhioners
had been in Execution for Debt, and came to our Author for fome
fmall Relief, who enquired of him, how much would again fet
' him up in liis Trade ; the Man named the Sum, and he as rea-
dily called to his Servant to pay it him. " Sir, faid he, it is all
" we have in the Houfe." " Well, well, faid our Author, pay it
" this poor Man ; you do not know the Pleafure there is, in
" making a Man glad." Thus as he knew the Concerns of his
whole Parifh, as he treated them with Tendernefs and Care, and
as he fet them a fair Example of every Article of that Duty,
which he taught them, he had foon gained the Affeclions of them
all, not excepting the Presbyterians ; though he was then the only
Man in Scotland^ that made ufe of the Prayers in the Liturgy of
the Church of England.

As his Studies were chiefly bent upon the Paftoral Care, in
which he endeavoured to inftruft himfelf from the beft Writers,
concerning the Conftitution of the Primitive Church, during the
three firft Centuries, among whom St. Cypriait was the chief; he
obferved, that the Biiliops, who governed in Scotland^ though
they derived the ftrongeft Arguments for their Order, from thelb
very Books, yet negledted all the Rules prelcribed in them. He
therefore drew up a Memorial of tlieir Abufes, of which fome
Relation is given in the Hiftory, as likewife of the harfh Treat-
ment he met with, upon that Occafion. Howev^er, as this Step had
made fome noife, and might be imputed to Ambition, or a De-
fire of becoming popular; he refolved to live in a more retired

manner,

* This was a Story commonly well known Mr. If'^flefield, a Gentleman now living there,
at Saliihurj) and which the Editor learnt from

the Author-

manner, than he had done hitherto; and abftrading him/llf from
all mixt Company, confining himfelf vvliolly to Study and tlie
Duties of his Fundlion, he entred into fuch an Afcetick Courfq
as had well nigh put an end to his Life: for his bad Diet, joined
to hard Study, had fo corrupted the Mafs of his Blood, diat in
two fucceilive Fevers he was given over by the Phyficians;

In tlie Year i668j as the Government of Scotland^ both in i^uch con-
Church and State, was put into the hands of moderate Men, a- Mimftry w*
mong whom Sir Robert Murray was a principal Leader, our Au- ^""'^'"'■
thor was frequently fent for and confulted by them ; he was after-
wards employed, as one of the chief Managers for the Church, in
negociating the Scheme of an Accommodation, between the Epifco-
pal and Presbyterian Parties; of which a full Account is given in the
Hiftory. He was, upon that Occalion, introduced to the Dutchefs
of Hamilton^ who, though her Inclinations lay toward Presby-
tery, profefTed her felf a Friend to moderate Counfcls. By her
he was invited, the Year following, to Hamilton^ where he con-
tra(5f:ed an Acquaintance with the Regent of the Univerfity of
Glafgcm) ; who conceived fuch an Efteem for him, that, their
Chair of Divinity being vacant, he propofed our Author, as the
Perfon moft proper to fill it; and he recommended this in fo ef-
fedual a manner, that in a few Days after, he brought over to
Hamilton^ the Decree of the Univeriity, electing him their Pro*
fefTor. As this Matter had been wholly tranfaded without his ismadeF'ro-
knowledge, fo was he, for fome time, in fufpenfe what Refolur tS'i^"
tion to take; his Friends were all earneft in perfuading him to ac- Giajg<yu)'.
cept of it, his Parifhioners at Sakou/t^ for whom he had a mofl
tender regard, were no lefs anxious to retain him: At length
the Authority of Archbifhop Leightotm prevailed, and he removed
to Glafgow in the Year 1 669, where he continued four years and
a half, in no fmall Exercife'of his Patients. The Presbyterian Zea-
lots hated him, as apprehending that his Schemes of Moderation : i ti
would, in the end, prove the fure Way of eftablifhing Epifcopacy
amongft them: The Epifcopal Party, on the other hand, could
not endure a Man, who was for exempting the Difienters from
their Profecutions.

As his principal Care, in this new Station^ \vas to form juftnisCon-
and true Notions in the Students of Divinity; he laid down a 5"*^ '" ^^*
Plan for that purpofe, to which no other Objedibn could be of-
fered, but that it feemed to require the Labour of four or five,
inftead of one Man; yet he never failed executing every part of
it, during his Refidence at Glafgow, On Mondays lie made
each of the Students, in his turn, explain a Head of Divi- ^
nity in hat'm^ and propound fuch Thejh from itj^ as he was to

defend

(58 0 ' The Life of

defend againll the reft of the Scholars ; and this Exercife cdrt-
ckided with our Author's decifion of the Point, in a Latin Ora-^
tion. On Tiiefdays he gave them a PreleElion in the fame
Language, wherein he piirpofed, in the courfe of eight Years,
to have gone through a compleat Syftem of Divinity. On Wed-
nefdays, he read them a Lefture, for above an hour, by way of a
critical Commentary on St. Mathe'jo\ Gofpel, which he finifhed
before he quitted the Chair. On Thurfdays the Exercife was al-^
ternate; one Thurfday he expounded a Hebrew Pfalm, compa-
ring it with the Septuagint^ the Vulgar and the Englijh Verlion ;
and the next Thurfday, he explained fome Portion of the Ritual
and Conftitution of the Primitive CHurch, making the Apoftoli-
cal Cauons his Text, and reducing every Article of Pradice,
under the Head of olie Or other of thofe Canons. On Fridays
he made each of his Scholars, in courfe, preach a fhort Sermon,
upon fome Text he affigned ; and when it was ended, he ob-
ferved upon any thing, that was defedive oraniifs, fhewing how
the Text ought to have been opened and applied. This was the
Labour of the Mornings ; in the Evenings, after Prayer, he every
day read them fome Parcel of Scripture, on which he made a
fhort Difcourfe, and when that was over, he examined into the
Progrefs of their feveral Studies, incouraging them to propofe
their difficulties to him, upon the Subjects they were then read-
ing. This he performed, during the whole time the Schools
were open; thereby anfwering the Duty of a ProfefTor, with the
Affiduity of a School-Mafter: and in order to acquit himfelf with
Credit, he was obliged to ftudy hard from Four till Ten in the
Morning; the reft of the Day being of neceffity allotted, either
to the Ufe of his Pupils, or to hearing the Complaints of the
Clergy; who, finding he had an Intereft with the Men in Power,
were not fparing in their Applications to him.
Hcufider- In timcs of Vacation, our Author made frequent Vifits to Ha-
SrkeThe inilton\ and was eafily engaged by the Dutchefs, to undertake the
Memoirs of 'j'ask, of cxaminiug and^ putting in order all the Papers, that re-
Hamiiton. latcd to her Father's and her Uncle's Miniftry ; fhe had kept thefe
carefully together, but had not hitherto found a Perfon, whom
(he thought fafe to be entrufted with the Perufal of them; yet
now fhe had fo entire a Confidence in him, that fhe put them all
into his hands. The Earl (afterwards Duke) of JLauderdak no
(boner heard that he was compiling Memoirs of the Dukes of Ha-
milton^ than he wrote x.o Scotland^ earneftly prefiing him to come
up to Court, in order to receive fuch Informations fi-om himfelf,
concerning the Tranfa(5lions of thofe Times, as he was able to
furnifh. Our Author thereupon went to London, where he was

2 received

//>^ Author. 68 i

received, by the Earl of Lauderdale^ with fuch Marks of Con-
fidence, as made it evident, that had he purfued the common
Methods of cultivating an Intcreft, he might have raifed faim-
felf to a great Fortune : But as he was a conftant Enemy to all
thofe Artifices of a Court, whereby Men ufually rife, fo was he
raturally of too frank a Spirit, to bear with the Earl's .imperious
Temper. All the ufe therefore he made, of his Freedom of
Accefs, was in negotiating and concluding a Reconciliation, be-
tween him and Duke Hamilton ; who had AfTignations given
him, on the Revenues of the Crown, in fatisfadion of thofe
Pretenfions, of which our Author had found authentick
Vouchers, among the Papers entrufted to his Care ; and the
Duke, in return, promifed to concur with the Meafures of the
Court, in the enfuing Parliament. Four Bifhopricks in Scotland HercMesi
becoming vacant at this time, our Author was offered his Choice f^^^Znd.
of them ; but he declined accepting a Station, for which he
thought his Years were unfit, in which he forefaw, he fhould be
much entangled, and in all probability would be capable of do-
ing little Good.

Soon after his Return to Glafgow^ he married the Lady Mar- HisMar-
garet Kennedy^ a Daughter of the Earl of Cajftles, who lived in lS^^a/Jt.:
great Intimacy and ¥vitnd{h\^ wlt}^xh^,^^x,c]^t(s oi ^^^^
She was a Lady oFHiflinguiflicd Piety an^ Knowle'dge^' lierown
Sentiments inclined flrongly towards the Presbyterians, with
whom fhe was in high Credit and Efleem ; yet was fhe far from
entering into the rigid and narrow Zeal of fome of their Leaders*
As there was fomeDifparity in their Ages, that it might remain with-
out difpute, that this Match was wholly owing to Inclination, not
to Avarice or Ambition ; the Day before their Marriage, our Au-
'thor delivered the Lady a Deed, whereby he renounced all Pre-
tenfion to her Fortune, which was very confiderable, and muft
otherwife have fallen into his hands, fhe herfelf having no In-
tention to fecure it.

In the Year 1672, Duke Lauderdale was fent down, as the King*s
Commiflioner, to hold a Parliament in Scotland^ and onr Au-
thor was confidered as the Perfon, who had the greatefl Influence
over him; which was wholly employed in doing good Offices to
needy Suitors, and in preventing a Breach, . between him and
Duke Hamilton ; for which he was much exclaimed at,
by the Party, then oppofing the Court, who could have nd
hopes, of prevailing, unlefs the latter would put himfelf at their
head. About this time, he publifhed his Vindication of the Au~
thority^ Conjiitution.^ and Laws of the Church and State <?/" Scot-
land ; wherein he flrongly maintained the Caufe of Epifcopacy,

Vol, II. " 8 L and

682 The Life of

ftiSs'lm- and the Illegality of Refiftance, merely on account of Religion.
fiioprick, This was thought, in that juncture, fuch a publick Service, that
Promife of he was again courted to accept of a Bifhoprick, with the Promife
ArVhbi- of ^^^ "^^^ Archbifhoprick, that fhould be void ; but he ftill
(hoprick. perfifted in his Refufal.

His Favour In 1 67 3, he was obliged to take another Journey to London^
at Court. .^ order to obtain a Licence, for publifliing his Memoirs of the
Dukes of Hamilton ; he went likewife with a full defign, to
break off from farther meddling in Matters of State ; he faw that
Popery was at bottom the prevailing Intereft at Court, and that
the Sacramental Tcft, whereby the Duke of Tork, the Lord
Clifford and other Papifts in Employment had been excluded,
was a meer Artifice of King Charles^ to obtain Money for car-
rying on the War that Summer with Holland. He fufpeded that
the Defigns of the Court were both corrupt and defperate ; he
therefore ufed all the Freedom, he decently could, with the
Duke and Dutchefs of Lauderdale ; he pointed out to them the
Errors of their Management in Scotland, and the ill Effeds it
would have, both upon themfelves, and upon the whole Na-
tion ; and when he faw no difpofition to redify their Meafures,
he rejeded all Offers of Preferment made to himfelf ; though he
could notdecline being fworn one of the King's Chaplains, which, as
it was a Poft of no profit, fo was kconfer'd upon him at hisMajefty's
exprefsNomination, upon having heard him preach. AsDukeZ.^^-
//^r</^/^'s Enemies were foon informed of the Franknefs, with which
he had remonftrated to his Grace, againfl: the Methods of Ad-
miniftration, he was then purfuing ; and as they knew his
Friendfiiip and Attachment to the Hamilton Family, they in-
duftrioufly magnified his Credit in Scotland, to fuch a degree,
that his Majefty often fent for him in private, and the Duke of
York much oftener. He made no other ufe of the high Favour,
fhewn him by the latter, than firft to introduce Dr. Stillingfleet
to him; and afterwards to propofe a Conference, to be held in
his Royal Highnefs's prefence, between them two and the chief
of the RomifJj Priefts : though there was little Reafon at that
time to hope, that any Arguments would be able to effedl the
Duke's Converfion, and the very Propofal of fuch a Difpute, was
in a great meafure renouncing all Pretenfions to Preferment. He
likewife fought no other Advantage, from the great Freedom
with which the King received him, than only to awaken in that
Prince a Senfe of Religion, and to roufe, him from that Lethargy
of Vice and Indolence, in which his natural great Talents feemed
wholly buried. This is fo much the reverfe of the Condud of
afpiring Clergymen, it lies fo diredly out of the road to Power,

Riches,

ihe Author. 683

Riches, or Dignity, that I hope it may acquit him from all
Imputation of Ambition.

As foon as the Memoirs of the Dukes of Hamilton were Ii-Hi5 Breach
cenfed by Mr. Secretary Coventry ; which was the longer de- YaudtrdaU.
layed, becaufe the King and many of the Minifters were defirous
to read them in Manufcript ; our Author returned to Scotland:
And on his Arrival at Edinburgh-, finding the Animofity, be-
tween the Dukes of Hamilton and Lauderdale, rilen to a height
not to be compofed, he retired to his Station at Glafgow, and re-
fufed to ftir from thence all that Winter. This, joined to the
Jealoufy, the Favour fhcvvn him at London had raifed, drew
upon him a Storm, which purfued him for many Years after,
with the utmoft: Violence. The Meadires of the Court proving
unfuccefsful in Parliament, Duke Lauderdale threw the Load
of his own Mifcarriage upon our Author, whom he reprefented
as the Caufe and Inftrument, under hand, of all the Oppofi-
tion he had met with. This Accufation made it incumbent on
him, once more to return to Court in the Year 1674. The
King received him coldly, and ordered his Name to be ftruck
out of the Lift of Chaplains ; yet, at the Duke of York's Intreaty,
he admitted him to offer, what he thought proper in his own
Juftification : He thereupon gave his Majefty fo clear and fatis-
fadory an Account of his Condudt, appealing for the Truth
of all his Affertions to Duke Hamilton, that in the end the King
feemed convinced of his Innocence, and ordered him home to
Glafgow. But the Duke of York diffuaded him from returning
thither, 'till his Peace fhould be entirely made ; for he affured
him, that otherwife he would be clap'd up in Prifon, and de-
tained there perhaps as long as the lame Intereft prevailed at
Court ; his Royal Highnefs likewife ufed his utmoft Endeavours
to have reconciled him with Duke Lauderdale', but that he found
impradlicablc : the latter infifting , that our Author fhould
abandon his beft Friends, and difcover all the Secrets, he had
hitherto been in ; and the other, as firmly perfifting in his Ad-
herence to thofe, who had fhewn him Friendfliip, or repofed a
Confidence in him.

Thus it became neceflary either, by going back to Scotland-, to is forced to
put himfelf in the power of Enemies, who were not likely to feflbrnnp «
treat him with any regard to Juftice or his own Innocence, or ^^■^f^""^-
elfe to refign his Profeffor's Chair, and fettle in England. He
chofe the latter, if it may be called a Choice ; and fought an
Eftablifhment in London : in which he met with all the oppofl-
tion, the Miniftry could give him ; particularly in one Church
(as he himfelf relates it in the Hiflory) where the Eledlors were

difpofed

684 ^^^ Life of

difpofed to have chofen him, had they not been deterred by A
very fevere Meflage, in the King's Name. Though the being
thus in a manner turn'd a- drift, could not at the time but feem a
Misfortune, yet he ever fpoke of it as the happieft Event of his
Life. He vv^as but thirty Years old, and though the Charms of
Ambition had not that Influence over him, which is ufual at
thofe Years ; yet he thought it a fignal Bleffing, that any Acci-
dent had difentangled him, from the Snares of fo corrupt a
Court, in whofe Service he had been fo far engaged, that he-could
not otherwife have been eafily delivered from them.
Refufes a The Situation he was now in, might furely have excufed his
fic?ac^"^" embracing the firft Provifion that oiFered; yet he could not be
LonJoM. tempted by it, to overlook the niceft Pundilio's of Juftice or Ho-
nour J refolved rather to fuiFer the utmoft perfonal Difficulties,
than purchafe Preferment at the leaft Expence of his Gharader.
He therefore generoufly declined accepting the Living of
/SV.G/V^j'i' Cr//>/>/^^<3;/^, which about this time was vacant*; it was
in the Gift of the Dean and Chapter of Si. Paul's^ who had ex-
prefled fome Inclination to beftow it upon Dr. Fowler (afterwards
Bifhop of Gloucejier) but being made acquainted with the Circum-
flances of our Author, and the Hardfhips he had undergone,
they fent him an Offer of the Benefice: He thanked them for the
Favour,but faid, that as he had been informed of their Intention of
conferring it upon fo worthy a Divine, he did not think himfelf
at liberty to take it. After this, in the Year 1 675, he was recom-
mended by the Lord Holies to the Friendfhip of Sir Harbottk
Grimjion, Mafler of the Rolls, by whom he was appointed
Preacher to the Chappel there: and though the Court lent firft
a Bilhop, and then Mr. Secretary William/on, to perfuade Sir
Harbottle to difmifs him, as one highly unacceptable to the
King, yet he perfifted in the Nomination he had made. By
Is made this mcans, our Author obtained a Settlement in London, in
SeS"and which he continued above nine Years ; he was foon after chofen a
Lefturer at Lcdurcr at St. Clement 5^ and grew to be one of the moft followed
' Preachers in Town. His Sermons had not in them the ftudied
Phrafes or the rounded Periods, which were then too much in
vogue; but there was a Force in his Realbning, a Warmth in his
Exprefllon, and a Dignity in his Manner, joined to a Gracefulneis
in his Perfon, which commanded Attention; and as the Heart
always fpoke in him, fo it feldom failed of fpeaking to the
Hearts of his Audience.

As

* This Faft Mr. Mackney, a Gentleman now to me by the Reverend Mr. John Craig, -who lived
livino at Salisbury-, affured me he had from the Bi- with Dr. Burnet at the time when it happened,
ihop s own Mouth. And the fame was confirmed

the Author. 685

As the Apprehcnfions of Popery grew daily ftrongcr, the moft ^Vf'fcs riic
eminent Divines of the Church of £;;^/«W fignalizcd thcmfelvcs /?,/m*I/w».
in the Romijh Controverfy : Nothing of that kind was more ta-
ken notice of, than tlie Account our Author printed, in the Year
1676, of a Conference^ which himfelfand t)r. Stillingjleet were
engaged in with Coleman and the principal of the /?<?;/?^ Priefts:
This made him conlidered, as one who flood in the very Front
of the Oppofition to Popery. His Reputation, upon that account,
was foon after raifed to the higheft pitch, by that great Perfor-
mance, 'The Hijiory of the Reformation ; in which, as he took
a Method wholly new, fo was it univerfally applauded. The
firfl: Volume lay near a Year, after it was finifhcd, for the Peru-
fal and Correction of Friends ; fo that it was not publiflied 'till
the Year 1679, when the Affair of the P<?/)//Z?P/o/ was in Agitation.
This Book procured our Author an Honour, never before or fince
paid to any Writer ; he had the Thanks of both Houfes of Par-
liament, with a Defire that he would prolecute lu's Undertaking
and compleat that valuable Work. Accordingly, in lefs than two
Yearsafter, he printed theSccond Volume, which met with the fame
general Approbation, as the Firfl: : and fuch was his readinefs in
compofing, that he wrote the Hiflorical Part, in the compafs of
Six Weeks, after all his Materials were laid in order.

As our Author, though he had at this time no Parochial Cure, HisConvcN
refufed not his Attendance to any fickPerfon, who defired it; he !^°/Earfof"
was fent for, amongft others, to one, who had been engaged \x\^'>''^'fi'''-
a criminal Amour with Wibnot Earl of Rochefier : The manner
he treated her in, during her Illnefs, gave that Lord a great Cu-
riolity of being acquainted with him : Whereupon, for a whole
Winter, in a Converfation of at Icafl: one Evening in a Week, he
went over all thofe Topicks with him, upon which Scepticks and
Men of loofe Morals are wont to attack the Chriftian Religion.
The Effect this had, firft in convincing that Earl's Judgment,
and afterwards in making him a fincere Penitent, is fb fully re-
lated in the Account of it publifhed in 1681, that it will be
neediefs to add any thing here upon that Subjed:.

During a great part of the Time, when the Enquiry into the Refufe? the
Popifj Plot was on foot, our Author was frequently fent for by ofcSSr
King Charles-i and confulted by him as to the State of the Na-
tion : His Majefty made him an Offer of the Bifhoprick of Chi-
chefler then vacant, provided he would entirely come into his In-
terefls. He anfwered " That he did not know what might be
" meant by that Expreffion ; and he was unwilling to fuffer
" any one, even to deceive themfelves by what he fhould fay.
« He knew the Oaths, he was to take upon fuch an occafion,
Vol. II. 8 M «< thefe

686 The Life of

« thcfe he v^ould religioufly obferve ; and defired to be excufed
" from any further Engagements or general Promifes, which
" were liable to different Conftrudions." But if his free Accels
to the King did not procure him that Preferment, which very
few with the fame Opportunities would have mifs'd ; it engaged
him to write his Majefty fuch a Letter, as may perhaps offend the
Delicacy of fome, yet in Juftice to his Memory ought not to be
fupprefs'd.

May it pieafe Your Majesty*, 2^7.vu.ryi6i%.

His Letter " T Have not prefumed to trouble Your Majefty for fome
tochcKing. « J^ Months, not having any thing worthy your Time to offer;
" and now I choofe rather this way, fince the infinite Duty I
" owe you puts me under Reftraints in Difcourfe, which I can-
" not fo eaiiJy overcome. What I fhall now fuggeft to your
" Majefty, I do it as in the prefence of Almighty God, to whom
" I know I muft give an Account of all my Adlions : I therefore
" beg you will be gracioufty pleafed to accept this moft faithful
" Zeal of your poor Subject, who has no other Defign in it, than
" your Good, and the Difcharge of his own Confciencc.

" I muft then firft affure Your Majefty, I never difcovered
« any thing like a Defign of raifing Rebellion, among all thofe
" with whom I converfe ; but I fhall add, on the other hand,
'' that moft People grow fullen, and are highly diffatisfied with
" You, and diftruftfulof You. Formerly Your Minifters, or his
« Royal Highnefs, bore the blame of things that were ungrateful;
" but now it falls upon Yourfelf, and Time, which cures moft
" other Diftempers, cncreafes this. Your laft Speech makes ma-
<' ny think, it will be eafy to fetch up Petitions from all Parts
" oi England : This is nov under Confultation, and is not yet
" determined ; but I find fo many inclined to prpmcte them,
" that as far as I can judge, it will go that way. If Your Ma-
" jefty calls a new Parliament, it is believed, that thofe who
" have promoted the Petitions will be generally eledled ; for the in-
" feriour fort of People arc much fet upon them, and make their
" Judgment of Men, from their Behaviour in that Matter. The
" foberer fort of thofe, who are ill pleafed at Your Condudt, reckon
" that either the State of Your Affairs beyond Sea, or oi Your
" Exchequer at home, will e'er long necefiitate Your meeting

Your Parliament ; and that then things muft be redlified : and

therefore they ufe their utmoft Endeavours to keep all quiet.

If Your Majefty has a Seflion in Aprils for fupporting Your

« Allies,

* TJi

The Original of ihis Letter is now in the Edi- randum how it was delivered, and when : And how
toi's li.siid, wioce by ihc Ei.'hop, with a Memo- it was received. ^

the Author. 6S7

** Allies, I find itisrefolvcd by many, That the Money neceflury

*' to maintain Your Alliances, iliall be put into the hands of

" Commiirioners, to iflue it as they fhall anfvvcr to the two

" Houfes : and thefe will be fo chofen, that as it is likely, that

" the Perfons will be very unacceptable to You,.fo they being

" trufted with the Money, will be as a Council of State, to con-

" troul all Your Councils. And as to Your Exchequer, I do

" not find any Inclination to confider Your Neceffity, unlcfs

" many things be done to put them into another Difpofition,

" than I can obferve in them. The 7 hings that wiJl be dc-

" manded, will not be of foeafy a Digeftion, as that I can ima-

** gine You will ever be brought to them, or indeed that it will

*' be realbnable or honourable for You to grant them. So that,

" in this Difbrder of Affairs, it is eafy to propofe Difficulties, but

*' not fo eafy to find out that, which may remove them.

" There is one thing, and indeed the only thing, in which
" all honefl Men agree, as that which can eafily extricate You
" out of all Your Troubles ; it is not the Change of a Minifler,
" or of a Council, a new Alliance, or a Seflion of Parliament,
" but it is (and fufTer me. Sir, to fpeak it with a more than ordi-
" nary Earneftnefs) a Change in Your own Heart, and in Your
" Courfe of Life. And now, Sir, if You do not with Indigna-
" tion throw this Paper from You, permit me (with all the Hu-
" mility of a Subjedl proftrate at your Feet) to tell you, That all
" the Diftrufl Your People have of You, all the Neceffities You
" now are under, all the Indignation of Heaven, that ia upon
" You, and appears in the defeating all Your Councils, flow
" from this, That You have not feared nor ferved God, but have
" given yourfelf up to fo many finful Pleafurcs. Your Majefty
" may perhaps juftly think, that many of thofe that oppofe You
" have no regard for Religion, but the Body of Your People
« confider it more than you can imagine. I do not defire Your
" Majefty to put on a hypocritical Shew of Religion, 2ls Henry the
" Third o^ France did, hoping thereby to have weathered the Storms
" of thofe Times. No! that would be foon feen through, and as
** it would provoke God more, fo it would encreafejealoufies. No!
" Sir, it mufl be real, and the Evidences of it fignal: All thofe about
" You who are the occafions of Sin, chiefly the Women, muft be
" removed, and Your Court be reformed. Sir, if You will turn
*' You to Religion fincerely and ferioully, You fliall quickly find
" a ferene Joy of another nature pofTefs your Mind, than what
« arifes from grofs Pleafures ; God would be at peace with You,
" and dired and blefs all Your Counfcls ; all good Men would
« prefently turn to You, and ill Men would be afhamed, and

*' have

68 8 The Life of

" have a thin Party. For I fpeak it knowingly, there is nothing
" has fo alienated the Body of Your People from You, as what
*' they have heard of Your Life, which difpofes them to give an
'^ eafy Belief to all other fcandalous Reports.

" Sir, this Counfel is now almoft as neceflary for Your Affairs
" as it is for Your Soul ; and though You have highly offended
" that God, who has been infinitely merciful to You, in pre-
" ferving You at JVorceJier Y'lghty and during Your long- Exile,
" and who brought You back fo miraculoufly, yet he is ftill good
" and gracious ; and will, upon Your fincere Repentance, and
" Change of Life, pardon all Your Sins and receive You into his
" Favour: Oh, Sir, what if You fhould die in themidfl: of all
" Your Sins? at the great Tribunal, where You muft appear,
*' there will be no regard to the Crown You now wear ; but it
" will aggravate Your Punifhment, that being in fo eminent a
" Station, You have fo much difhonoured God. Sir, I hope,
" Ycu believe there is a God, and a Life to come, and that Sin
" fhall not pafs unpuniflied. If Your Majefty will refledl upon
" Your having now been twenty Years upon the Throne, and in
" ail that time how little You have glorified God, how much
" You have provoked him, and that Your ill Example has drawn
" fo many after You to Sin, that Men are not now aOiamed of
" their Vices, You cannot but think, that God is offended with
" You: And if You confider how ill Your Councils at home,
" and Your Wars abroad have fucceeded, and how much
" You have loft the Hearts of Your People, You may reafonably
" conclude, this is of God, who will not turn away his Anger
" from You, till You turn to him with Your whole Heart.

" 1 am no Enthufiafl:, either in Opinion or Temper; yet I
'' acknowledge, I have been fo prefs'd in my Mind to make
" this Addrcls to You, that I could have no eafe till I did it:
" And fmce you were pleafed to dired: me to fend You, through
" Mr. Chiffi?2ch\ hands, fuch Informations as I thought fit to
" convey to You, I hope Your Mnjefty will not be offended, if
'• I have made this ufe of that Liberty. I am fure I can have no
" other Defign in ir, but Your Good ; for I know very well,
« this is not the Method to ferve any Ends of my own. I there-
" fore throw myfe'lf at Your Feet, and once more, in the Name
" of God, whofe Servant I am, do mofl: humbly befeech Your
•'' Majefly, to confider of what I have written, and not to de-
" Ipile it for the Meannefs of the Perfon, who has /ent it; but
" to apply Yourfelf to Religion in earneft : And I dare affure
" You of many Blellings both Temporal and Spiritual in this
" Life, and of eternal Glory in the Life to come: But if You

" will

the Author^

689

" i^^ill go on ill Your Sins, the Judgments of God will probably
« purfue You in this Life, fo that You may be a Proverb to After-
" Ages ; and aftsr this Life, You will be for ever miferable; and
<« I, Your poor Subjed: that now am, fhall be a Witnefs againft
« You in the great Day, that I gave You this free and faithful
« Warning.

*' Sir, no Perfon alive knows, that I have written to You to
« this purpofe ; and I chofe this Evening, hoping that Your
" Exercife to-morrow may put You into a Difpofition to weigh
1" it more carefully. I hope Your Majefty will not be offended
''=< with this fincere Expreffion of my Duty to You ; for I durft
** not have ventured on it, if I had not thought myfelf bound
« to it, both by the Duty I owe to God, and that which will
" ever oblige me to be,

« May itpleafe Your Majesty, &'c.'*

This is the Letter, of which fome mention is made in Page
507, of the Firft Volume of the Hiftory, as likewife of the effeft
it produced : It conveys to the Reader a much ftronger Idea of
the Author's Charafter, than any Defcription can give ; and I
prefume, it will fcarce be thought a Step, which any Clergyman
would have taken, who aimed more at Preferment than the ftridt
Difcharge of his Duty.

The unprejudiced Part our Author adled, during the whole
Time that the Nation was inflamed with the Difcovery of the
Popijh Plot ; his candid Endeavours to have laved the Lives of
Staley and the Lord Stafford.^ both zealous Papifts ; his tempe-
rate Conduft in regard to the ExclujQon of the Duke of Torky
and the Scheme of a Prince Regent, propofed by him, in lieu
of that Exclufion ; are all fufficiently related in the Hiftory :
This only may be farther obferved, that his Behaviour, in this
critical Jundure, was fo impartial, as to difpleafe both the Court
and the Country Party; which, when Animoflties run high, will
always be the Fate of thofe i^y^-, who follow the Dilates of their
own Judgment and Confcience, without entring into the con-
certed Meafures of any one Set of Men. A Charader as valua-
ble as it is rare.

In 1682, when the Adminiftration was wholly changed, in fa- His firm Ad*-
vour of the Duke of York^ the Courtiers thought themlelves at liber- Ij^^'p"" ^
ty to rail at our Author; as if his Writings and Sermons againft Po-
pery had been only calculated, to facilitate theProjed: of theExclu-
fion. Yet fo little did the Court regard the Refledions which were
thrown upon him, that it being likely the Mafterlliip oixhtTempIe
would be foon vacant, thcEQ-TU o^ Halifax and C/are/idon obtained
Vol. II. 8 N the

6oo ^^ Life ^

the King's Promife of it for him : Upon which he was again fent foi^
by HisMajefty, and received with peculiar Marks of Favour and
Kindnefs. But thefe were foon withdrawn, and he himfelf waved
the Promife made himj when he found it was expedted, hefhould
break off Correfpondence with Ibme of his beft Friends. And as,
during the Debates concerning the Exclufion, he had loft all
his Intereft with Lord Shaftesbury and the Country Party, on
account of his Intimacy with the Earl of Halifax, and* his En-
deavours to juftify, or at leaft excufe the Earl's Condud: in that
Affair : So now he chofe rather to facrifice all the Advantages,
he might reap from that Lord's great Power at Court, than to
abandon the Society of the Earl of Effex, the Lord Rujfel and
Sir William jfones. As he was, at this time, much reforted to
by Perfons of all Ranks and Parties, in order to avoid the necef-
lity of returning Vilits, he built a Laboratory, and for above
a Year went through a Courfe of Chemical Experiments ; which,
as it ferved to enlarge his Philofophical Notions, and was in itfelf
an ufeful, as well as an innocent Amufement, k> it furnifh'd him
with a proper Excufe for flaying much at home. The Earl
(foon after created Marquifs) of Halifax complains of this Retire-
ment in a Letter, which I fhall here infert.

" O I Ry oaoher i6, 1683."

T Hough I was tender in advifing you to wave any thing
you might think advantageous for you, yet fince you
*' have thought fit to do it, I am at liberty to approve it : And
" I only delire you will not make too hafty Relblutions concern-
" ing yourfelf, and not be carried fo far by the fudden Motions
" of a felf-denying Generolity, as to fhut the Door againft thofe
" Advantages, which you may exped: with Juftice, and may re-
" ceive without Indecency. Only a little Patience is requifite,
" and in the mean time no greater Reftraint upon your Beha-
" viour and Converfation, than every prudent Man, under your
" Charadler and Circumftances would chufe voluntarily to im-
" pole on himfelf For what concerns me, or any Part I might
" have, in endeavouring to ferve you, I had rather you fhould
" hear it from any body, than from myfelf ; and though you'
" fhould never hear it from any body, I expedt from your Juflice
" you fhould fuppofe it. Your witihdrawing yourfelf from your
" old Friends, on this corrupted fide of the Town, is that which
" I can neither approve for my own fake, nor for yours : For
** befides many other Objedions, fuch a total Separation will
« make you by degrees think lefs equally, both of Men and

« Things,

fc*i .The original Letter is in the Editor's hands;

ti

the Author. 691

« T** hings, tiian you have hitherto profefled to do, in what re-
« lates to the Publick. I have no Jealoufies of this kind for my
« felf in particular, being refolved, at what diftance foever, to
«< delerve your believing me unalterably

" Tour faithful humble Servant^

Halifax.

Not long after this, a Living worth three hundred Pounds a- Refufesa
year, which was in the Gift of the Earl of EJfex^ becoming void, Ji;!^? fr*JJs
he offered the Prefentation to our Author, upon condition he °j."°^?"
would promife ftill to refide in London ; adding, " That in the
" prefent Pofture of Affairs, his Friends could not permit him to
" be abfent from the Town." He thereupon told the Earl,
" That in cafe he was prefented to a Cure of Souls, he muft
" think himfelf under fuch an Obligation to Refidence, as
" no other Confiderations could difpenfe with." And for this
Reafbn the Benefice was given to another.

In the Year 1683, when the Rye Plot broke out, and the How he
Earl of Ej[ex and Lord Rujfel were taken into Cuftody, all fJgSvowtd
who knew his long and ftrid Friendfhip with thofe Great Men, ""^y P^°"*
concluded that he would have been involved in the fame Accu-
fation. But as it had been his conftant Principle, that Refiftance
was not lawful, on account of fingle Ads of Injuftice or Oppref-
fion, unlefsthe very Bafis of the Conftitution was ftruck at; fb
in order to avoid being drawn into Secrets, he could not approve,
he had declared to all thofe heconvers'd with, that 'till he lliould
be convinced that Refiftance was warrantable, he fhould think it
his Duty to difclofe all Confultations, which he was made privy
to, tending to that End. By this Declaration, his moft intimate
Friends, when they entered into Cabals of this nature, were
llifficicntly warned againft communicating their Defigns to him.
And this now proved his Security.

His Behaviour at the Trial of the hovd Rujfel ; his Attendance
on him in Prifon, and afterwards upon the Scaffold, at the time
of his Execution ; the Examination he underwent before the
Council, in relation to that Lord's Dying Speech, and the Bold-
nels with which he there undertook to vindicate his Memory ;
as alfo the Indignation the Court exprefs'd againft him, upon
that occafion ; are all fully fet forth in the Hiftory. Thither I
muft likewife refer the Reader, for an Account of the ftiort Tour
our Author took to Paris,, and of the unufiial Civilities there
fhewn him, by the King oi Frances exprefs Direftion. His
Friends at Court would indeed have perfuaded him to a longer
ftay there ; they apprehended great Severities were preparing for

him

^^2 ^>^^ Life of

him at home, which they reprefented in the ftrongeft Light j
Biit neither their Intreaties, nor the Menaces of his Enemies could
prevent his returning to London. He faid, " That as he was
« confcious of no Crime, which could be truly laid to his charge,
" fo he would not alarm himfelf, with the continual Apprehen-
" iion of what falfe Witnefles might invent againft him : That
" how fatal foever his Return might prove, he could not think
" himfelf at liberty to be abfent from the Duties of his Function."
This Objedlion was indeed foon after removed ; for he was, that
isdifmiOed vcry Year, difcharged from his Ledlure at St, Clement s^ in pur-
LeSuSand fuancc of the King s Mandate to Dr. Ha/card, Redor of that Pa-
from the j-ifh : And in December 1684, by an. extraordinary Order from
the Lord Keeper North to Sir Harbotth GrimJlo72y he was forbid
preaching any more in the Chapel at the Rolls.
His Travels Thus at the Time of King Charles\ Death, he was happily
beyond Sea. difcngaged from all thofe Ties, which might have rendered his
Stay in England any part of his Duty. Upon King James\ Ac-
ceffion to the Crown therefore, he defired his leave to go out of
the Kingdom ; which the Marquis of Halifax eafily obtained, the
Court regarding him as one, whom they had no prolped: of gain-
ing, and whom it was their Intereft therefore to keep out of the
way. He firft went to Paris, where he lived in great Retirement,
in order to avoid being involved in any of the Confpiracies, which
the Duke of Monmouth^ Friends were then forming in his favour.
When that Rebellion was at an end, having contraded an Ac-
quaintance with Brigadier Stouppe, a Proteftant Officer then in
the French Service, he was prevailed upon to take a Jour-
ney with him into Italy; though many of his Friends thought it
a bold Venture, conlidering how remarkably he had fignalized
himfelf, in the Controverfy with the Romifi Church. But as he
was not himfelf of a Conftitution, very fubjed to Fear, fo the
Advice of the Lord Mountague, who was then at Paris, en-
couraged him to embrace this Opportunity of feeing Rome.

The Relation of thefe Travels is fo amply given, in The Letters
our Author publifhed in the Year 1687, that there will be no
occafion to add any thing here concerning them ; except as to one
Particular, which may ferve as a Proof, both of the great Regard
paid him abroad, and of his own uniform Zeal for Toleration. He
was much careffed and efteemed by the principal Men of G^;^^^;
He faw they infifted ibon^y uipon thtitCo7zfent of DoBrine*y
which they required all thofe to fubfcribe, who were admitted
into Orders. He therefore employed all the Eloquence he was

Mafter

* This is a Formulary commonly known by the Name of the Cow/Jw/Sri'.

the Author. 693

Maflcr of, and all the Credit he had acquired aniongft them, to ob-
tain an Alteration in thisPradlice: Hereprefented tothem the Folly
and ill Confeqiience of fuch Subfcriptions ; whereby the honefteft
and worthicft Men were frequently reduced to the Neceflity of
quitting their Native Country, and feekingaSubfiftencc elfcwhere;
whilft others of lels Virtue were induced to fubmit, and comply
againft their Confcience, and even begin their Miniftry with
mental Equivocations. The Warmth, with which he cxpreffed
himfelf on this Head, was fuch, and fuch was the weight of
his Character, that the Clergy at Geneva were afterwards re-
leafed from thefe Subfcriptions, and only left fubjcft to Punifh-
ment or Cenfure, in cale of writing or preaching againft the
eftabliJlied Dodrine.

After a Tour through the Southern Parts o^ Franc ey then un- iswdire-
der Perfecution upon the Repeal of the Ed id: of Nantes y through Sfj.'S;
Italy, Switzerland, and many Places of Germany y our Author ^^"^ Princeis
came to Utrecht in the Year 1686, with an Intention to have fet-^
tied in fbme quiet Retreat within the feven ProvinctV : But at his
Arrival there he foimd Letters, from fome of the principal Minifters
of State at the Hague, intreating him to fix upon no Settlement,
'till he fhould have feen the Prince and Princeis of Orange. When
he was firft admitted to an Audience of them, he perceived that
his Friends in England, efpecially the Marquis of Halifax and the
Lady Rujfel, had given him fuch a Character, as not only enfured
him a moft gracious Reception, but foon after procured him
an entire Confidence. When he was made acquainted with the
Secret of their Councils, he advifed the putting the Fleet of Hol^
land immediately into fuch Order, as might give Courage to their
Friends in Great Britainy in cafe Matters there fhould come to
Extremities ; he prevailed upon both their Highnefles, to write a
Letter to King "Jamesy in favour of the Bifhop of Londony who
was then under Sufpenfion ; he ventured to propofe to the Princeis,
the explauiing herfelf, upon that nice but neceflary Point, of the
Share the Prince WdS to exped: in the Government, in cafe the
Britijh Crown fhould devolve on her ; and when it was deter-
mined to fend over Mr. Dyckvelty as Ambaflador to England y our
Author was employed to draw his fecret Inftrudions, of which the
rough Draught is ftill extant, in his own hand.

The high Favour now fhewn him at the Hagucy alarmed Kin? >««
YS}\^yameSy who was much incenfed againft him, for the Ac-b^ingfo?bid
count he had printed of his Travels; in which he had fo ftrongly *" ^""^
difplayed the Miferies, thofe Nations groan under, where Popery
and Arbitrary Power prevail, that it feemed to have a fenfible Ef-
fed on the People of England. The King wrote two fevere

Vol. IL 80 • Letters

694 ^^ Life of

Letters againft him to the Princcfs of Orange ; and when the
Marquifs d'Albeville was fent Envoy to Holland, he had Or-
ders to enter upon no other Matter of Treaty, 'till our Author
was firft forbid the Court there; which, at his Importunity, was
done : but he continued to be trufted and employed in the fame
manner as before ; Halewyn, Fagel, and the reft of the Dutch
Minifters confulting him daily.
Is profe- The Report, that he was then upon the point of marrying a

siLwand confiderablc Fortune at the Hague, having reached the Englijh
foful^h,- Court ; in hopes to divert this, a Profecution of High-Treafon
Trcafon. was fet on foot againft him in Scotland. Before notice of this
Profecution came to the States, he had been naturahzed in order
to his Marriage : When therefore he undertook, in a Letter to
the Earl of Middletoun, to anfwer all the Matters laid to his
charge, he added, "That being now naturalized in Holland, his
Allegiance during hisjiay there, was tranferred from his Majejly
to the States. This ExprefTion was immediately laid hold of. So
that dropping the former Profecution, they now proceeded againft
liim- for thefe Words, as guilty of High-Treafon ; and a Sen-
tence of Outlawry pafs'd upon him. UAlbeville thereupon,
firft demanded him to be delivered up; and when he faw this
Demand was like to prove ineffedual, he infifted that he fhould
be banifhed the feven Provinces, in purfuance of an Article in
the laft Treaty between the two Nations, which related to Rebels
and Fugitives, though it could not be pretended that he came
within either of thefe Defcriptions. The States, in tlicir
Anfwer to the Britifi Envoy's Memorial, faid, " That as
"^fuff tode- " ^^* ^^^^^^i t)y Naturalization, was become a Subjedl of their
liver him up. " own, they could not banifti him, unlefs Ibme Crime was le-
" gaily proved upon him ; if his Britannick Majefty had any
" thing to lay to his charge, they would compel him to anfwer
" it; and if his Judges pronounced him guilty, they would punifli
" him according to their Laws ; this was all that in Reafon or
" Juftice could be demanded of them." As this Anfwer put
an end to all farther Application to the States, fo it gave occa-
fion to fome unwarrantable Deftgns of feizing his Perfon, and
feSTon ^^^" deftroying him, if he could not be taken. Of this our Au-
him. thor had notice given him from feveral hands, and one in parti-

cular, by the following Letter from Captain Baxter, a Gentle-
man of unqueftioned Honour and Reputation, wliofe Father was
at that time Steward to the Duke of Ormond\ Eftate.

Dear

Ihe Author. 695

" Dear Sir, * Uague, the i+th of March, 1688.

« r~p^Hough I have no Acquaintance with you, yet the Efteem
" I I have for your Character, and the Benefit I have re-

" ceived by your Works, obliges me to tell you the Proceedings

" againft you in England. I happened the other Day to go into

" the Secretary's Office, where I faw an Order for Three Thou*

" fand Pound, to be paid the Perfon, that fhall deftroy you.

" I could hardly believe my Eyes, that I faw the Paper, it

" feemed fo ftrange to me : This I communicated in private to

" my Lord OJfory, who told me, it was true, for he had it from

" Prince George. My Lord defired me to be private in the thing,

" 'till I came to Holland-, and then, if I pleafed, to tell you of

" it. Sir, I am your Friend, and my Advice to you is, to take

" an efpecial Care of yourfelf, for no doubt but that great Sum

*-« will meet with a mercenary Hand. Sir, you fhall never want

*' a Friend, where I am. — "

Some Months before this, our Author had married Mrs. Mary His Mar-
Scott, a Dutch Lady of a large Fortune and noble Extradion. KL//.
Her Anceftor, on the Father's fide, was a younger Brother of the Vsl-
n\\\y oi Buccleugh, who, upon a Quarrel in Scotland, went over to
Holland', his Son was a Brigadier-General at the Siege oi Middle-
burgh in the Year 1 5 74, and afterwards Deputy for the Province
o^ Zealand in the Afiembly o^ t\\t States General', his Grandfon,
Apollonius Scott, who was this Lady's Grandfather, was Prefi-
dent of the high Court of Juftice at the Hague, and by Marriage
allied to the noblefl: Houfes in Zealand : On the Mother's fide,
who was a De Ruyter, fhe was related to the principal Families
m Guelder. With thefe Advantages of Birth, fhehad thofeofan
extremely agreeable Perfon ; fhe was well skilled in all forts of
Mufick ; drew and painted in great perfedion ; fhe fpoke Dutch,
Englijh and French equally well; fhe had a fine Underflanding,
and a Sweetnefs of Temper, that charmed all her Acquaintance;
her Knowledge in Matters of Religion was fuch, as might rather
be expected from a Student in Divinity, than from a Lady. In
her, our Author, during the whole Courfe of her Life, found a
religious, difcreet and loving Friend, a dutiful Wife, a prudent
Miftrefs of his Family, a careful Manager of his Affairs, and a
tender Mother of his Children.

The important fliare our Author had in the whole Condudl J^^^""
of the Revolution ; his feafonable Counfels in every Step of that Revolution.

great

* This Letter is in the Editor's hands, with the knowledge of the Perfon who wrote it, and of
Bidwp's own Meniorandum how he came to the his Charaftcr.

696 The Life of

great Affair ; the early Notice he gave of it to the Court of Hano-
ver, intimating that the Succefs of this Enterprize muft naturally
end, in an Entail of the Britijh Crown upon that Illuftrious
Houfe ; the unreferved Confidence repofed in him, both by the
Frincc of Orange, and by the Malecontents in England-, the Af-
fiftance he gave in drawing that Prince's Declaration, and the
other pubhck Papers, written to juftify the Undertaking ; his
Courage in bearing a fhare in the Hazard of that Expedition, not-
withftanding the peculiar Circumftances of Danger he was in ;
the AfTociation propofed and drawn by him at Exeter ; the good
Offices he endeavoured to do King James, while detained at Fe-
verjham in the hands of a rude Multitude ; the Care he took to
proted the Papifts and Jacobites, from the Infults of the Army
and Populace, when the Dutch Troops arrived at London ; his
faithful Adherence to the Interefts of the Princefs of Orange, in
the Affair of the Settlement of the Crown : Thefe, as well as the
other fignal Services, our Author rendered his Country, when the
Abdication of King James made it requifite to eftablifh a new
Government, are too fiilly related in the Hiftory, to need any
farther mention here.
D,;ciinesthc DY.Crew, then Bi{\\o^ of Durham, had a(5led flich a Part in
Biihoprick the High Commiflion in King James\ Reign, that he thought it
of Dwrhajn. ^q^Jj^ j^g j-^q \\\ Compofition, if he could indemnify his Perlbn

at the expence of his Spiritual Preferment ; which he purpofed
to refign to our Author, trufting to his Generofity for an Al-
lowance of a Thoufand Pounds a-year out of the Epifcopal Reve-
nue, during his Life: He fent the Lord Mount ague * with this Pro-
poial to the Prince of Ora?ige; but when the Meflage was carried
to our Author, he abfolutely refufed to accept of the See upon
thofe Terms, which he thought might juftly be conftrued crimi-
nal. He was indeed fo little anxious after his own Preferment,
that when the Bifhoprick of Salisbury became void, as it did
foon after King William and Queen Mary were eftabliflied on
the Throne, he foUicited for it, in favour of his old Friend,
Dr. Lloyd then Bifhop of St. Afaph : The King anfwered him in
a cold way. That he had another Perfon in view ; and the next
Day he himfelf was nominated to that See.

When the famous Bill, for declaring the Rights and Liberties
of the Subjed:, and fettling the Succeffion of the Crown, was
brought into the Houfe of Lords, as our Author had firft in-
^Iwimated to the Houfe of Hanover the Probability of a Limi-
tation in their favour, King William, in preference to all his

Minifters,

* This is taken from the Eifliop's MS Note- ; Sccrerary of S ate, in King /n//;V«<'si R^ign.
and is confirmed by a Letter, from one who v.a;

the Author.

697

Minifters, appointed him to be the Perfon, that fliould propofc the
naming the Dutchcfs (afterwards Elcarefs) oiBrunfwkk, next in
Succeflion after the Princefs of Denmark and her lllue. Though
this Settlement did not then take cfiedl, otherwife than as it
feemed imply'd in the Exclufion of all Papifts ; and was not ex-
plicitly eftabliihed till after the Duke of Gloucefter\ Death in
1 70 1, (when our Author had the farther Merit of being Chair-
man of the Committee, to whom the Bill was referred) yet it
made that illuftrious Hotife from thenceforth confidcr him, as one
firmly attach'd to their Interefts, and with whom they might there-
fore enter into the ftridleft Confidence. Accordingly, from that
time her late Royal Highnefs the Princefs Sophia began a Corrc- His Services
fpondence with him, which laftcd to her Death, and of vvhich £;J"d-p"i!-
above fifty Letters are extant, all written in her own hand. Two 'j^^f? *''''^
of thefe I fhall here infert, the one written in 1689, foon of H-M-^fr*
after the Propofal of naming her in the A61 of Succefiion had
been made; the other in 1701, when that Nomination took
effed.

*' Monjieur^ *

COmme j'ai toujours eu
une Eftime tres particu-
" Here, pour le Merite de votre
« Reverence, & que j'ai cru la
" connoitre par fes Ecrits, V. R.
" pourra aifement juger par la,
" combien les Marques de votre
" Amitiem'ontcteagreables. Je
" vous alTeure, que je les eftime
" tres particulierement, & queje
" fuis fort reconnoiflante de la
" Ferveur, qu'il vous a plu te-
" moigner pourmeslnterefts, ce
" qui eft une auffi grande Sa-
« tisfadlion pour ma Perfon ne,
<* que fi vos bonnes Intentions
« euflent mieux reiiffi. Car je
« ne fuis plus d'une Age a pen-
« fer a d'autre Royaume, que
« celui dcs Cieux ; & pour mes
<' Fils, ils doivent toujours eftre
« dediez au Roy & au Royaume.

« Mon-

• The Original Letter is in the Editor's hands.

Vol. II. 8

«

c<

{<

«

((

«

C(

((

« My Lord,

AS I ever had a moft
particular Efteem fof
your Merit, and have fancied
myfelf acquainted with you
by your Writings, yoil may
eafily judge by that, how a-
greeable the Marks you have
given me of your Friend fhip
" muft have been. I aflure you
" I efteern them in a very par-
" ticular manner, and am very
« grateful for the Warmth, you
" have been pleafed to teftify
" for my Interefts, which is as
" great a perfonal Satisfadion to
" me, as if your good Intentions
" had been more fuccefsful. For
" I am no longer of an Age to
" think of any other Kingdon:^
« than that of Heaven ; and ^<r
" for my Sons, they ought al-
" ways to be devoted to the King

« and

698 The Life of

« Monfietir Schutz m'a mandc «f and Kingdom. Mr. Schutz

« que V. R. etoit perfaadc, que " has informed me, that you

« fa Majeftc auroit pour agrea- " were of opinion, that his

" ble, que j'en fis voir un ert <-^ Majefty would be pleafed,

" Angleterre ; & eomme mon " if I lent one of them into

" fecond Fils m'avoit deja man- " England ; and as my fecond

" de, qii'il fero'^ bien aife d'al- « Son had already acquainted

" ler, apres la Campagne, pour " me, that he fhould be glad

" feliciter le Roi, furfonAvene- ''to go, after the Campaign,

" ment a la Couronne, & qu'il " to congratulate the King, up-

" en demanderoit la Permiflion *' on his AccefTion to the Crown,

"al'Empereur, dontileflMa- " and that he would ask the

" jor-General ; j'ofe prier V. R. " Emperor's Leave for it, being

" de I'affifter de vos Confeils, " a Major General in his Service;

" pour bien faire fa Cour, lors " I dare beg you to affift him

" qu'il fera ce Voyage. S'il eut " with yourAdvice, how to make

" voulu changer de Religion, il " his Court well, when he takes

" auroit fort bien reiifH dans ces *' that Journey. Ifhewouldhave

" Affaires aupres del'Empereur, « changed hisRcligion, he might

<« mais il a trop de fon Oncle, *' have fucceeded well in his Af-

<« le Prince l^upert, pour n'eftrc " fairs atthe Imperial Court, but

" pas ferme dans fa Religion. <« he has too much of his Uncle

" II efl vray qu'elle porte leNom *' Prince Rupert^ not to be firm

" de Luthere^ mais nos Eccle- *' in his Religion. It is true, it

" fiafliques diHano'vre la difent " bearstheNameofZ.2^//6^r, but

" conforme a la Religion An- " our Divines at Hanover fay,

<' glicane, 8c auroient voulu me '' 'tis conformable to that of the

<' donner le Saint Sacrement, '* Church of£«^/<3:W, and would

«' dans la Crayance ou je fuis. " have given me the Holy Sacra-

« Mais je n'ai pas voulu donnier " ment in the Belief I am in. But

«' de Scandele a ceux de ma " I would not give any Scandal

« Religion, dont je crois que " tothofeofmyReligion,whichI

t< V.R. approuvera. Ccpendant " believe you will approve. Ho w-

« je dois la feliciter, qu'il a plu " ever, I ought to congratulate

<« a Dieu de vous donner un *' you, upon its having pleafed

«' Roi & une Reine d'un Merite '' God, to give you a King and a

*< infini : Je le prie de vous les " QueenofinfiniteMcrit: Iprajr

" conferver, & de donner a " him to preferve them to you,

1^' moi la Satisfadion, de te- " and to give me the Satisfaidion

^^ moigner a vous, & a tout ce '' of teffifying to you, and every

<' qui vous eft cher, par des Ser- " one that is dear tp you, by a-

"vices agreables, combien je " greeable Services, how much I

" fuis " am

*'''TresAffe6iiomieeavQUsferviry " Moji AffeSitonatetoferveyou^

So p HIT Palatine, Sophia Palatine.

the Author-

699

• HerenhakftM, 22 jFuiu i7or.

« T TO U S avez bieii de la
« V bontc, Moniieur, de
<' prendre part a tout ce qui re-
" garde la Grandeur de la Mai-
" folly ou je fiiis entree : Et je
" dois vous remercier en parti-
" culier de l'AfFc6tion, que vous
" m'avez temoigne, dans TAf-
** faire de la Succeflio.T^ qui ex-
*' clut en meme temps tous Ics
** Heritiers Catholiques, qui ont
*' toujous caufetant de deibrdrcs
*' en Angleterre. Je fuis par
malheur trop vielle, pour
pouvoir jamais ctre utile a la
** Nation 8c a mes Amis, ce qui
me feroit pourtant beaucoup
<' aimer la Vie. Cependant je
<« fouhaiterois , que ceux qui
<' viendront apres moi, fe reh-
« diffent dignes de Thonneur,
« qu'ilsauront: Etquejepuifle
" au moins trouver lieu de vous
<' temoigner, par des Services,
*' I'Eftime que j'ai de votre Me-
" rite.

Sophie ELECTRicEi

((

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<c

<c

iC

Htreuhsuj'tu, zz jnw 1701.

YO U are very obliging, my
Lord, to take part in eve-
" ry thing, that regardstheGran-
" deurof theHoufe, into which
" I am married ; and I ought
*' to thank yo© in particular for
" the Affedion, which you have
" teftify'd to me, in the Affair
" of the Succeflion, which ex-
" eludes at the fame time all
" Catholick Heirs, who have
" always caufed fo many Dif-
" orders in England. I am lin-
*' fortunately too old, ever to be
" ufeful to the Nation, and to
*' my Friends, which if I could
" be, it would make me much
" in love with Lile. However,
" I fhall wifh, that thofe who
*' are to come after me, may
" render thcmfelves worthy of
" the Honour they will have :
« And that I may at leaft find
*'' lome occafion of tcftifying,
" by my Services, the Efteem I
*' have for your Merit.

Sophia Electress.

Our Author maintained an unfhaken Credit with King
IVilUam and Queen Mary^ during their whole Reign ; indeed
the King's Favour was fomctimes interrupted, with fhort Dif-
gufls, at the uncourtly Liberty he took of fpeaking his Mind,
even upon fome Subjeds that he perceived were difagrecable •
but the real Efteem thofe Princes had for him will appear be*
yond Conteft, from feveral FaAs in the Hiftory, too numerous to
be recapitulated here, and from fome others, which I fbail here-
after have occafion to mention. The ufe he made of this
Credit, is the principal Point, a Writer of his Life mufl: be con-
cerned for: It is that alone, muft fettle his real Charadler,
which I am latisfyM has been too commonly miftaken ; and never
more egregioufly, than by thofe, who have reprefented him as
an Jfweterate Party-Man. That he was ftedfaft to his firft His charac-
Priocipies; that in all his Condud relating Jto the Publick, he ;^:|;^,^J2['

was

? ITieOri^ioalisin thcEdircv'f Handi. , \

/

oo

The Life of

was rigidly ftrid to thefe ; is a Truth too much to his Honour^
for me to difpute : But it will be eafy to demonftrate, that his
own particular way of thinking, as to Party-Matters, had no In-
fluence over him, either in his Friendfhips, in his Charities, or in
liis Preferments, where the Publick was not immediately con-
cerned. It might be tedious, I am fure it would be voluminous,
here to infert all the Evidences in my hands, from whence it ap-
pears, how frequently his whole Intereft was exerted in favour of
Men, who neither from their publick nor their private Condud-,
had any reafon to exped: fuch Services from him. Sorne In-
flances of this nature, I fhall have occafion elfewhere to produce;
but I fl:iall content myfelf here with one, which is very remarka-
ble, and may alone be fufficient to eftablifK his Reputation on this
head. Some of the harflieft Treatment, he had met with in the
two former Reigns, had pafs'd through the hands of the Earl of
Rcchcjler ; no two Men ever differed more widely in their Prin-
ciples, both in Church and State : yet the firft good Offices done
that Earl, with the King and Queen (after all other Applications
for Introduction had failed) their entire Reconciliation to him, and
the fiiiL Advantages he reaped in confequence of that Reconcilia-
tion, were owing to our Author. And when the Earl of Claren-
do7t was afterwards unhappily engaged in the Confpiracy, againjft
the Government, in 1690 ; and fome hotter Whigs were for the
fevereft Methods, the Bifhop became a hearty and fuccefsful Ad-
vocate in his favour. Thefe Matters are but curforily mentioned
in the Hiftory, but will more fully appear from the four following
original Letters ; the firft writteli by the Countefs of Ranelaghy
the other three by the Earl of Rochejier himfelf.

My Lord, *

YOUR Lordfliip knows that, by my Lord RocheJler\ de-
firing me to help him to thank you, for your forwardnefs
to do him favours with their Majefties, (out of the Senfe he
had, that he ought to be more grateful for them, becaufe he
had not at all deferved them from ypur Lordfhip) he had in-
formed me, that you had done him fuch Favours : And when,
purfuant to his Defire, I began to give you humble Thanks for
him (wbo^is a Perfon in whorn I can be very fenfibly obliged)
I told your Lordfhip I was plcafed in paying this Duty, as much
upon your account, as upon his Lordlliip's, as having attempted
to conquer him by Weapons, fit to be ufed by one of your Pro-
feffion and Charadler ; and I hoped he might be advantaged,
as well by being gained, by you, as by reaping good Fruits of

*' your

* The Original is iiuheE(/ 'tor's hands*

the Author. yoi

« your Mediation, with their Majefties. And now I prefent
« your Lordfhip, in the Enclofed, with what appears to me an
** Evidence ; that my hopes of his making ingenuous Returns,
" for your generous Advances towards a Friendfhip with him,
" were not groundlefs. Since he would fure never have pitched
« upon you, to manage an AppHcation of his, about an Intercft
« wherein the viiible Subfiftence of his Family is fo deeply con-
" ccrned, if he did not firmly believe the Reality of your Inten-
tions towards him ; though he have no Merits of his towards
you, or any thing elfe, but your Chriftian Beginnings towardi
" him, to build that Faith upon. Nor can he, in my poor
" opinion, give you a clearer Proof of his being already over-
" come by you, than in chufing you to be the Perfon, to whom
" he would in fuch an Intereft be obliged : Since he thereby put^
" himfelf upon the Peril of being faithfully Yours, or a very un-
" thankful Man ; which I do fo much afliire myfelf he will not
" be, that I humbly beg your Lordfliip to put this Obligation
" upon him, to perfed: what you have already begun to do for
" him, of a like nature, and to the fame Royal Perfon. Who
" would not, I think, aft unbecoming herfelf, nor the eminent
<* Station, God has placed her in, in aflifting five innocent Chil-
" dren, who have the honour to be related to her Royal Mother,'
" who did ftill, with great Tendernefs, confider her own Fa-
" mily when fhe was moft raifed above it ; efpecially when, in
" aflifting them, her Majefty will need only to concern herfelf,
" to preferve a Property, made theirs by the Law of England^
" which as Queen of this Kingdom flie is obliged to maintain.

" I fend your Lordfliip my Lord RocheJler\ Letter to me, that
" you may fee he has Thoughts that juftify what I have faid
** here for him, and has exprefs'd them much better than I can
" do ; {o that as an Argument to gain your Pardon, for this
" confufed Scribble of mine, I prefent you with his good
" Writing. I am.

Tour Lord/hifs Humble and /JffeSiionate Servant,

The i3thof >/k, 1689. K. R AN EL A G M.

My Lord, *

THE good Offices, your Lordfliip has told me, you have
endeavoured to do me with the Queen, of your own
Accord and Generofity, incline me to be defirous to be obliged
to your Lordfliip, for the Favour of prefenting the enclofed
Petition to her Majefty. Your Lordfliip will fee, by the

« reading

* The Original is in the Editor's hands.

Vol. JL 8 Q^

<c

<(

C(

{(

fo^ The hi^E of

'5r; i^adiOg itj the Gccafion and the Subjed: of it ; and I am fur^
{J, I need not fuggeft any tiling to your own kind Thoughts, to
«. add at the Delivery of it, fave only this, which I thought not
% proper to touch in the Petition, that I have certainly as good a
f; Title in Law to it, as any Man has to any thing he pofleffes;
^, as likewile that the Penlion is appropriated, to be paid out
**,,of a part of the Revenue, which never was defigned by any
is Ad: of Parliament, for any publick Ufe of the Government :
% which I think has fomething of Weight and Reafbn, to dif-
<^ tinguifh it from thofe Penlions, that are placed on the more
" publick Branches of the Revenue.

" I know not, whether the Queen can do me any good in this
^h Affair, but I will believe her Majefty cannot but wi£h ihe
*.*!. could ; however, I think, I fhould have been very w^anting to
?ij my Children, if I had not laid this Cafe moft humbly before
<f.\her Majefty : Left at one time or other, fhe herfelf might fay,
V^ I had been too negligent in not making Applications to her ;
^ which having now done, I leave the reft, with all poflible Sub-
ifS miffion, to her own Judgment, and to the Refledions, that
*f, fome good-natured Moments may incline her to make to-
*-' wards my Family. I fhould fay a great deal to your Lord-
*^ {hip, for my own Confidence, in addrefling all this to your
*iiXordfhip, fome Paflages of my Life having been fuch, as may
•^; very properly give it that Name: But, I think, whatever you
<^ would be content to hear on that Subjed, will be better ex-
" prefled by the Perfon, who does me the honour to deliver this
" to your Lordfhip, from
J, /i^ My Lorc/y

f)]C_ Tour Lordjhifs mojl Obedient Serva72ti

Mf^]^f^^^l.^ ii... Rochester.

" MyLordi*

" T T P ^ N what account foever it is, that your Lordfhip is
" K^ pleafed to let me hear from you, I take it to be fome-
" thing of good fortune, whatfoever ill caufe there may be in
" it too. Therefore I humbly thank your Lordfhip for the ho-
" nour of yours of the 1 8th from Salisbury ; which was lent
" me to this pretty Place, where I love to be, as much as
*' you do at your Palace ; and though I cannot do fo much
, *fj Good to others, as your Lordfhip does there to all that are
*f , near you, yet I do more to myfelf, than I can do any where
" elfe. ^luid fenfire putas^ quid credisy amicey precari f Sit
" mihi quod nunc ejiy etiam minus j ut mihi viva7n ^uod fuperejl

" (;evi,

* Tue Original is in the Editor's hands. .

the Author. 703

" avi. Forgive this tranfgreffional Rapture, and receive my

** Thanks, which I pay your Lordfhip again, for your kind Let-

" ter: For indeed I do take it very kindly, that you were fo

" much concerned, as to give me a kind hint of that unfeafbnable

" Difcourfc, you came to be acquainted with, when you were

" laft in London i I will make the beft ufe of it, I can; to pre-

" vent the like for the future, if I have any Credit. And in the

" mean time, I muft make ufe of this opportunity, to calm and

" foften your Refentments, towards this Friend of mine, as you call

" him in the beginning of your Letter. I will allow you, as a

" Servant to the King and Queen, and a Subjed: to their Crown,

" to have as great a Deteftation of the Contrivance, as you can

" wifli; and upon my Word, I can accompany you in it. But

^^ when I conlider you, as once you were, a concern'd Friend

" of this Lord, to have a refped for his Family, and particu-

" larly for my Father, who loft not only all the Honours and

" Preferments of this World, but even the Comforts of it too,

*' for the Integrity and Uprightnefs of his Heart: You muft for-

" give me, if I conjure you, by all that's Sacred in this Genera-

" tion in which we live together, by the Character that you

" bear, and by the Religion you profefs, that you do not (as

" much as in you lies) fufier this next Heir of my good Father's

*' Name and Honour, to go down with Sorrow to the Grave.

** It.would not flatter myfelf, that your Lordfhip fhould be

" moved with any Fondnefs of mine, to endeavour to bring

" to pafs, what is not fit for a wife and a good Man to propofe;

*« that would be to make a very ill ufe of your Friendfhipto me,

" and I would rather be correfted myfelf in my own Defires,

" than expofe your Lordfhip on fuch an account. But I hope

" that they, who are the fupreme Diredtors of this Matter under

" God, may in their great Wifdom and Goodnefs judge, that it

** may prove as much to their Honour and Safety too, to pafs

" over this Particular, as if they fhould purfue the ftrideft Mea-

" fures of Juftice in it. Though I am a Brother, if I did not,

" upon the greateft Reflexion I can make, think I fhould be of

" the fame opinion, if I were none, I would not prefs this Mat-

" ter upon you. For I cannot but think, that the Queen would

" do, and would be glad to avow it too, a very great thing

«* for the Memory of that Gentleman, fo long in his Grave. It

<* is upon his account, I am begging of your Lordfhip, to do all

*' that's pofTible, to preferve every Part and Branch and Member

** of his Family, from the leaft tranfient Stain of Infamy and

*« Reproach. And if God was prevailed with by Abraham^ to

«* have favcd a whole City for the fake of ten righteous Men^ I

'* hope

^704 The 1.1V ^ of

" hope there may be as charitable an Inclination, to fpare the
" Debris of our broken Family, for the fake of him, who was
« the Raiferofit.

*< I ask your Lordfhip's Pardon, for being thus importunate;
" for I have great need of your help, and I hope I fhall have it
" from you. LoiTes of many and good Friends I have born, and
" fubmitted with patience to the Pleafure of Almighty God :
,*' But a Calamity of this nature, that I now deprecate, has in it
" fomething fo frightful, and on fome accounts fo unnatural ;
*' that I beg you for God's fake, from an angry Man yourfelf,
" grow an Advocate for me and for the Family on this account.
<' I am ever.

My Lord,

Tour LorciJJjifs moji Faithful Humble Ss7'vant,

New Park, March 21. i6»?- ROCHESTER.

" My Lord, *

" "T ^^^ warm, I confefs, in the laft Letter I gave your Lord-

" J[^ fhip the trouble of, and I thank you for reproving the

i<f) Vehemence of my Stile, in your laft of the 28th; I am

'^^^ grown cooler, and acknowledge my Fault; neither did I com-

" mit it, with an Apprehenlion that your Lordfliip was inexorable,

*' or that it would be fo much as needful to defire your AfUftance

" in that Matter. But you may remember, you had ufed a Word

" tome, when you were here, anAttai?tder\ that I acknowledge

" founded very harfli to me, and when I had reflected a little

" more upon it, as likewife that your Lordfhip did not ule to

*' fpeak by chance, and confequently that you had good ground

" for what you faid, I own it heated me all over ; which made

" me exprefs my Thoughts to you, with more Tranlport than

" was fit, and I will fay no more of them, for fear of running

" into new Exceffes. What your Lordfhip propofes for my Lord

*' Clarendo7i to defire, is perfedlly agreeable to my Mind ; but I

" know not, whether it be not a little too early, and that fuch a

" Petition might be prefented with a better Grace, if he were

" once out of the Tower upon Bail, than it would be while he

i«i is under this clofe Confinement. But as your Lordfhip fays,

" the Afiair of Mom muft for the prefent put a flop to every

« Man's private Thoughts, for that is a Matter of fuch vafl Im-

" portance to the Pubhck, that it is but very fit, that all particu-

" lar Confiderations fhould give way to it, and wait the Deter-

" mination of that great Point ; I cannot but believe the Fre^ic/j

'i^ are Maflers of it before now, becaufe all the Letters, that came

^ . ;■- , "by

* the original Letter is in the Editor's handj.

the AuTHoi?. ^5

" by the lad Pofl:, that I could hear of, looked upon it, as a,
" thing impiadlicablc to relieve it, but- we have had no Ltttcrf
« fince Saturday. What the French will do next, whether fciic^
*' their Men into Qiiartcrs for two Months, or try to follow their
*' Blow, is what Men arc now moft anxious about. One of my
«' old Friends, with whom of late I have renewed my Acquain-
" tancc, fays upon all thefe mighty occadons, Pruclem future,
** tcmporis exitum Caliginofa noEie pre^nit Deus Ridctque fitnorta-^
" //V ultra Fas trepidat. But I confefs to you, I cannot be quite
<* fo overcome with Philofophy, as not to be concerned beforq7
« hand, at what this dark Night is to bring forth. One privatp
« Concern, in the midft of all thefe publick ones, has given me
" a great deal of Uneafincfs, and I doubt not will do lo to yoi^r
*< : Lordlhip, when I tell you how very ill my Lady Ramlagh has
" been thefe two or three Days, with a Fever, which has almofh
<' 'quite deftroyed her \ I am afraid ftill for lier : the lall Night
" fhe had a little Reft; but fhe is fo weak, and, you know, of
" late has been fo very tender, that I am in great pain for her-
" I know your Lordfliip will be troubled to lofe a very good
" Friend and humble Servant of your own, as well as a moft
" wonderful good Perlbn, to all that knew her. For rny ovva
« part, I know no body alive, to whom I have fo.m^iiy Obliga-
*' tions, which I am forry to fee how little I can return, when
.« there is moft need of fcrving her. Amongft all, hef. Favours,
« one that I fhall never forget vv;as, her Defire and Endeavours,
« not only to renew for me the Acquaintance, I formerly ha4
« with your Lordfhip, but to knit it clofcr into a Friendfliip;;
<' in which I am always to own your Lordfhip's ready Concur-
<' rence ; and, I hope, I fhall not fail, as faithfully to perforqii
,^* all the part, that belongs to, \

My Lordf
Your Lord/hifs moji faithful humble Servant^

ylfrilthc zd,i6c,i. ROCHESTER.

Hitherto the Reader has view'd our Author, as a Divine, only
in the private Charadler of a Minifterin hisParifli, a ProfelTor in
his Chair, or a Preacher in his Lecture ; but we muft now oblerve
his Condudl in a higher Function. As foon as the Sellion of Par-
liament in 1 689 was ended, he went down to his Dioccfe; where
lie formed fuch a Plan, for executing the Duties of his Epifcopal
Office, as he feldom afterwards had occafion to alter.

His primary Vifitation could only be regulated, by the Hi? Labours
Pradice of his Predecdibrs, who contented themfelvcs with "efc a^""
formal Triennial Vilitations of their Diocefe, in which they |:p''''"i^'

Vol. n. 8 R ufed

706 The Life of

ufed always to confirm ; but when he perceived the Hurry, the
Diforder and Noife, that attended thefe publick Meetings, he thought
them wholly unfit for folemn A6ts of Devotion : They feemed
much properer, for the Exercife of an 0?'dinary\ Jurifdidlion ac-
cording to Law, than for the Performance of the more Chriflian
Fundions of a Bifhop : Thefe were inconfiftent with that Pomp
and Shew, which perhaps the other required. He had always
looked upon Confirviation^ as the likeliefl: means of reviving a
Spirit of Chriftianity ; if Men cotild be brought to confider it,
not as a meer Ceremony, but as an Ad: whereby a Man became
a Chrijlian from his own Choice ; fince upon attaining to the
ufe of Reafon, he thereby renewed for himfelf a Vow, which
others had only made for him at Baptifm. He wrote a fhort
DireSiory^ containing proper Rules how to prepare the Youth
upon fuch occafions ; this he printed, and fent Copies of it, fome
Months beforehand, to the Minifter of every Parifh, where he
intended to confirm. He every Summer took a Tour, for fix
Weeks or two Months, through fome Diftrid of his Bifhopriek, daily
preaching and confirming from Church to Church, fo as in the
Compafs of three Years (befides his formal Triennial Vifitation)
to go through all the principal Livings in hisDiocefe. The Clergy,
near the Places he paffed through, generally attended on him;
therefore, to avoid being burthenfome in thele Circuits, he enter-
tained them all at his own Charge. He likewife, for many Years,
entred into Conferences with them, upon the chief Heads of Divi-
nity : One of which he ufually opened at their meeting, in a
Diicourfe that lafted near two Hours; and then encouraged thofc
prefent, to ftart fuch Queftions or Difficulties upon it, as occur'd
to them. Four of thefe Difcourfes againft Infidelity, Socinianifm,
Popery and Schifm, were printed in the Year 1694. When
our Author had publifhed His Expojition of the 'Thirty-nine Ar-
ticles^ Conferences of this nature feemed in fome meaiure need-
lefs: He therefore difcontinucd them, in order to apply himfelf
wholly to the Work of ConJir?nation. To be more ufeful in it, he
difpofed his annual Progrels, during the lafl ten Years of his Life,
in the following manner. He went through five or fix of the
confiderable Market-Towns every Year: he fix'd himfelf for a
whole Week in each of them ; and though he went out every
Morning, to preach and confirm in fome Parifh, within feven or
eight Miles of the Place ; yet at the Evening-Prayer, for fix Days
together, he catechifed the Youth of the Town, in th^ principal
Church there, expounding to them fome Portion of the Church-
Catechifmtvtry Day, 'till he had gone through the whole: And
on Sunday-, he confirmed thofe, who had been thus examin'd

and

the AuTHOFf, 707

and inflru6led, and then inviting them all to dine with him,
he gave to each a ufcful Prefent of Books. As the Country
flocked in, from all Parts, to hear him ; lie was in hopes this
would encourage the Clergy to Catechife more, and would raife
an Emulation in Chriftian Knowledge, among the infcriour fort
of People, who were ignorant to a fcandal.

In the Intervals of Parliament, when the BifKop was not upon
this Progrefs, his ufual Refidence was at Salisbury ; there he
preached the Thurfdays Lefture, founded at St.Thomas's Church,
during the whole time of his Stay ; he likewi/c preached and
confirmed every Sunday Morning *, in fome Church of that
City, or of the Neighbourhood round about it : Wnd in the
Evening he had a Lefture in his own Chappel, to which great
Crouds reforted, wherein he explained fome Portion of Scripture,
out of the Gofpels and Epiftles in the Liturgy. He generally
came down from London^ fome Days before Lent^ on purpofe to
prepare the Youth of the two great Schools for Confirmation ;
by catechizing them every Week, during that Seafon, in the
Cathedral Church, and infl:ru<9:ing them in the fame manner,
as he did thofe in the other Towns of his Diocefe. And to ren-
der this Task of Inftrudlion more eafy to the refl of his Clergy,
he at length publifhed an Explanation of the Church-Catechifm in
the Year 17 10.

The Bifhop's Confiflorial Court, being much cry'd out againfl,
as a Grievance both to tlie Clergy and Laity, he endeavoured to
reform it, and for fome Years went thither in Perfon ; but tho*
he might do fome little Good by this Attendance, it was fo little,
that he at laft gave it over ; for the true Foundation of Com-
plaints was, the dilatory Courfe of Proceedings, and the ex-
orbitant Fees, which the Bifhop had no Authority to corredl t-
Nay, he could not even difcharge poor Suitors, who were op-
prefs'd there with vexatious Profecutions, any otherwife than by
paying their Fees himfelf, as he frequently did.

No part of the Epifcopal Office was more flriftly attended to
by him, than the Examination of thofe, who came for Orders :
in this Matter the Law has left the Bifhop entirely at liberty, to
admit or rcfufe. He never turned them over to the Care of
a Chaplain or Archdeacon, farther than to try their Skill in tte
learned Languages. He examined them himfelf as to the Prodfs

of

* He was fo punctual in tliis, that no Change for fome Days before, had fo fwcllcd a Brook,

of Wcatlwr could ever induce him, to difappoint which he was to cro(s, that his Coach was over-

any Cnngregjtioii where he was expefted: And turned in the Water, and his own Life hardly

this Adiduity had well nigh coft him his Life, in favcdbya Miller, who jumped in and drew the

the Year 1698. For having appointed to preach Bifliop out of the Water : for which fealbnable

^nd confum, at the Parilh Church of Dinten^ Service, our Author paid him a yearly ^j^xatuicy all

within twelve MWes oi Salnbury, on a prefixed tbe rell of hL< Ljie.
Sunday , the Rains, that fell on that D;iy, and

^o8 The Life of,x

pf ;the Chriftiitn Religion, the Authority of the Scriptures, and; the
Nature of the Gofpci-Covenant. If they were deficient in thofe,
Jie difmifs'd them at o«0e, with , proper Diredions howto, b«
better prepared for a fecond Trial : But if they: were competently
knowings jil thefe CxTential Points, he went through the other
Heads of Divinity with lefs flriclnefs. When he was once
fatislied with their Capacity, he next diredled his Difcourfc
to their Confcience : He laid before them the Bafenefs of taking
up a Sacred Profeflion, merely for the Lucre or Subfiftence it
might afford ; he gave them a diftindt View of all the Branches
of the Pajloral Care, (of which he publiflied a Treatife, for the
ufe of his Diocefe, in 1692;) and endeavoured ftrongly to diffuade
them from entring into Holy Orders, unlefs they were firmly refolved
to perform all the Duties of their Funftion ; more particularly to
lead fuch Lives, as might not contradid: the Doctrines, they
were to teach. A Day or two before Ordination, he fubmitted
all thofe whom he had accepted, to the Examination of the Dean
and Prebendaries, that fo he might have their Approbation,

In the Admifiion of Prefentees, he could not be fo ftrid; the
Law having in fome meafure taken the Judgment of their Quali-
fications out of the Ordinary ; yet in this he went unufual
lengths, of which I fhall mention one fingular inftance *. In
the latter part of the Reign of Queen Anne, the Lord Chajicellor
prefented the younger Son of a noble Family in Oxfordjlnre to a
Parfonage within his Diocefe, which was in the Gift of the
Crown. Upon Trial, our Author found him fo ignorant, that
he refufed to inftitute him ; the Miniftry threaten'd him with a.
Law- Suit, but finding him refolute, they at length acquiefced
under the Refufal. Thereupon the Bifhop fent for the young
Gentleman, and told him, " That as his Patrons had given up
" the Conteft, and he had no Defign te do him any perfonal In-
" jury, if he could prevail on his Friends, to keep the Benefice
" vacant, he himfelf would undertake the Charge of qualifying
" him for it." Accordingly he took fuch happy pains in his In-
ftruftion, that fome Months after, the Prefentee pafs'd Exam.i-
nation with Applaufe, and had Inftitution given him to the
Living.

As th£ Pajloral Care, and the admitting none to it, who
were not duly qualified, was always uppermoft in liis Thoughts,
he concluded that he could not render a more ufeful Ser-
vice to Religion, to the Church, and more efpeciajly to his
own Diocefe, than by forming under his Eye a number of Divines,

, wel,l

* ThiJlhad from Mr. Mackitey, as a Faftwdl kno^yn to bitnrdf, andtoTonie others now alive.

\

the Author. 709

well inftruded in all the Articles of their Duty. He refolved
therefore, at his own Charge, to maintain a fmall Nurfcry of
Students in Divinity at Salisbury^ who might follow their Studies,
till he fhould be able to provide for them. They were ten in
number, to each of whom he allowed a Salary of thirty Pounds
a-year: They were admitted to him once every day, to give an
account of their Progrefs in Learning, to propofe to him fuch
Difficulties as they met with, in the courfeof their Reading, and
to hear a Ledlure from him, upon fbme Speculative or Practical
Point of Divinity, or on fbme part of the Paftoral Funftion, which
lafted above an Hour: During the Bifhop's abfence, the learned
Dr. Whitby fupplied his Place, in overlooking and directing their
Studies. By this means, our Author educated feveral young
Clergymen, who proved an honour to the Church ; but as this
came to be confidered as a prefent Provifion, with fure Expecta-
tions of a future Settlement, he was continually importuned, and
fometimes impofed upon, as to the Perfons recommended to be
of this number : And the Foundation itfelf was fo malicioufly
exclaimed at, as a defign'd Affront upon the Method of Educa-
tion at Oxford^ that be was prevailed upon, after fome Yearsj to
lay it wholly, aflde.

Our Author was a warm and conflant Enemy to Pluralities
of Livings, not indeed where the two Churches lay near each
other, and were but poorly endowed, for in that cafe he rather
encouraged them ; as knowing, the Labourer was worthy of his
Hire. But whenfoever Non-Rejicknce was the Confequence
of a Plurality, he ufed his utmoft Endeavours to prevent it,
and in fome Cafes even hazarded a Sufpenfion, rather than
give Inftitution. In his Charges to the Clergy, he exclaimed
againft Pluralities, as a facrilegious Robbery of the Revenues
of the Church; a remarkable Effedl of his Zeal upon this
Subjed: may not be improper to be here related*. In his
firfl Vifitation at Salisbury^ he urged the Authority of St. Ber-
nard^ who being confulted by one of his Followers, whe-
ther he might not accept of two Benefices, reply'd, " And
" how will you be able to ferve them both ?" " I intend (an-
" fwered the Prieft) to officiate in one of them by a Deputy."
" Will your Deputy be damn'd for you too ? (cry'd the Saint.)
" Believe me, you may ferve your Cure by Proxy, but you mufl
" be damn'd in Perfon." This Expreffion fo affected Mr. Kelfey,
a pious and worthy Clergyman there prefent, that he imme-
diately refigned the Redory of Bemerton, worth Two Hundred

Pounds

* This FaiS was told mc by Mr. Wafitfield^ and is well known at Salisbury.

Vol. II. 8 S

yio The Life of

Pounds a-ycar, which he then held with one of greater Value.
Nor was this Chriftian A6t of Self-denial without its Reward ;
9br though their Principles in Church Matters were very oppo-
fite, the Bifhop conceived fuch an Efteem for him, from this
Action, that he not only prevailed with the Chapter to eled him
a Canon, but likewife made him Archdeacon of Sarmny and
^1 gave him one of the beft Prebends in the Church.

In the Point of Refidence-, our Author was fo jfl:ri6t, that he
never would permit his own Chaplains to attend upon him, af-
ter they were once preferred to a Cure of Souls, but obliged
them to be conftantly refident at their Livings. Indeed he con-
lidered himfelf, as under the fame Obligation, as Paftor of the
whole Diocefe, and never would be ablent from it, but during
his neceflary Attendance on Parliament; i.om which, as fbon as
the principal Bufinefs of the Nation was difpatch'd, he always ob-
tained leave to depart, in order to return to his Fundlion. And
though King William^ upon his going over to Ireland or Flan-
derst always enjoin'd him to attend upon Queen Maryy and af-
Hft her with his faithful Counfcl on all Emergencies ; yet he
would not, upon fuch occafions, accept of Lodgings at Whita-
hall, but hired a Houfe at Windfor, in order to be within hi^
own Bifhoprick, and yet near enough to the Court, to pay his
Duty twice a- week or oftener, if Bufinefs required it.
Hisuniver- No Principle was more deeply rooted in him, than that of
oItIS-^ Toleration ; it was not confined to any Se<a or Nation, it was as
"°Non-'''^' univerfalas Chriftianity itfelf : He exerted it in favour of a Non-
jurors, juring Meeting-Houfe at Salisbury, which he obtained the Royal
Permifiion to connive at; and when the Preacher there, Dr, Beach,
by a feditious and treafonable Sermon, had incurred the Sentence
of the Law, our Author not only faved him from Punifhment,
but even procured his Pardon, without the Terms of a publick
Recantation, upon which it was firft granted ; as may be col-
ledled from the following Letters, the one from the Earl of
Nottingham^ then Secretary of State, the other from Dr. Beach
himfelf

" My Lordy* Whitehall, 2<) March iG<)z.

" "T Have acquainted the Queen, at the Cabinet Council, with
" X what your Lordfhip writes in behalf of Dr. Beach ; and
" though her Majefty is always inclined to fhew Mercy, and
" efpecially to fuch as your Lordfhip recommends to her Fa-
" vour ; yet fince the Crime, and the Scandal of it, has been

" very

* The Original is in the Editor's hands.

the Author. yxt

<« very publick, her Majefty thinks the Acknowledgment of it
" 'fhould be fo too : And therefore would have him make it in
" the Church. When this is done, your LOrdfliip's Interccf-
« /ion will eafily prevail. I am, with great Relpcdt,

My Lord,
Tour Lordpifs moft humble and faithful Servant,

Nottingham.

« My Lord, *

** TX 7 1 T H all due Deference of Honour, and with all the
« V V relpedlful Regard, that can be corrclpondent to the no
*♦ lefs generous, than acceptable Meflage, which I received from
*,' your Lordfliip by Dr. Geddes, I humbly tender this to your
f^ Lordfhip, hoping it may be favourably received, in lieu of my'
^' perfonal Attendance, which fhall be readily paid (as it is due)
•^ at any time. Dr. Geddes has delivered me the deiirable '
^^ Tidings of your Lordfhip's free Refolution, to refcue me, from
"* the farther Prolecution of that unhappy Verdid, I labour un-
" der. It is my Delire, being freed from this troublefome
" Storm, to live in Peace and Quiet, without Difturbance of
" the Government in general, and of any Perfbn in particular.
*< And I cannot but deeply refent your obliging readinefs to re-
« lieve me, becaufe it is not clogged with any bitter Conditions
<« or Referves, that would leflen the Favour. What your Lord-
« fhip has refolved, is what I humbly delire, and do not doubt
" but your Lordfhip will purfue. The fooner the Favour can be
« accomplilhed, and with the lefs noife before Term, the more
« it will be endeared to, and challenge all Gratitude from,

My Lord^
Tour much obliged and obedient Servant,

Wm. Beach.

Yet when this Spirit of Moderation, of which the Non-
jurors felt the good EfFe6ls, was extended to the Diflenters, our
Author's Enemies reprcfented him, as betraying the Church inta
their hands; though he was really taking the mofl: effedual
means to bring them over, not indeed by Compulfion, but by
tile more Chriftian Methods of Charity and Perfuafion: Ivt
which he was fb fuccefsful, that many Diflenting Families, irt
his Diocefe, were by him brought over to the Communion
of our Church, in which they flill continue ; and of two Pref^
byterian Preachers, who were well fupported when he firft

came

* ThaOiiginal is iii the Editor's Hands.

yi2 The hiFE of

came to Salisbury, one was foon after obliged to quit the Plac<,

aiid the other but poorly fubfiftcd in it.
His Scheme He perceived that the chief Strength of the Sectaries lay in tie
for aug- Market-Towns : the Livings there were moft commonly in the

xnenting 111 ^

poorLiviHgs Gift of the Lord Chancellor ; and as the Lord Somers, during hh
Biocefe. Enjoyment of the Seals, left the Nomination to thofe in the Dio-
cele of Sarum, to the Bifliop ; he endeavoured to place in them
none but learned, pious and moderate Divines, as being the befl
qualified to prevent the Growth of Schifm. But as thefe Bene-
fices were generally fmall, and a poor Church will be too oftea
lerved by as poor a Clerk ; our Author determin'd to obviate th !s
Difficulty, by beftowing upon thefe Cures the Prebends in hisGif:,
as they became vacant ; and till fuch a Vacancy happen'd, out of
his own Income he allowed the Minifter ofevery fuch Church a Pen-
fion of Twenty Pounds a-year*: When the Prebend itfelfwas con-
ferred upon him, the Bifliop infifted on his giving a Bond to re-
fign it, if ever he quitted the Living. Though this Matter hac
been laid before the moft eminent Prelates and Divines of oui
Church, as well as the moft learned among the Canonifts, who
highly approved the Defign ; yet it was fo warmly oppofed by
fome of the Clergy, that in order to raife no farther Strife in the
Church, our Author was prevailed on to reKnquifh this Projedl,
and give up all the Bonds he had taken. But as he could not,
without the tendereft Concern, behold the deflitute Condition of
thele poor Benefices, moft of which were attended with the
largeft Cure of Souls ; fo his Difappointment in this Scheme, he
had formed for his own Bifhoprick, only gave occafion to a more
univerfal Plan, which he projected for the Improvement of all
the fmall Livings in England, and which was liable to no Ex-
ception. This he prefs'd forward with fb much Succels, that it
terminated at length in an Aft of Parliament, pafs'd in the fecond
Year of Queen Anne, for the Augmentation of the Maintenance of
the poor Clergy.
His Scheme He had firft laid this Propofal before Queen Mary, who had
ing^Ke"^ undertaken to obtain the King's Approbation and Confent ; after
l^mi'anF ^^^ Death, the Profped of Peace in 1 696, and the adual Con-
clufion of it in 1697, feemed to furnifli a proper Opportunity,
for offering the fame Scheme to King Williajn, which he did by
the two following Memorials.

* This appears from bis Steward's Accounts, anowas confirmed to me by Mr. Wakefield.

MEMO'

//6^ Author. 713

MEMORIAL concerning the Firji Fruits and Tenths.
Given in to the King in January 1696*.

(C

((

TH E Tenths and Firft Fruits were firft laid on by
Popes, on pretence of fupporting the Holy War; iiy
the twenty-fixth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Eighth,
" thele were given to the Crown ; and fince that time Iiavc been
" granted away in Penfions, by dormant Warrants. They are
** now in the hands of the Duke o{ St. Albansy Countefs of P//-
" mouth J Countefs of Brijiol, Earl of Bath, Earl of Oxford and
" a ^Qw others. This Revenue may juftly be called in queftion,
" as unlawful and lacrilegious in its nature; the applying it to a
" good ufe is the beft way to juftify it.

" The condition of many Livings in this Kingdom is mofl: nlile-
*' rable; many have not Twenty Pounds, and- in fome places, three
" of them put together do not amount to Forty Pounds a-year.
" A poor Clergyman mayy^be fcandalous, but he muft be con-
" temptible and ignorant. To this, in a great meafure, we owe
" the Atheifm and Impiety, the Sedls and Divifions, that are
" fpread over the Nation.

" It would be a noble Demonftratlon, both of Zeal for the
" Honour of God and Religion, and Affection for the Church
" of England, if the King would appropriate this Revenue, to
" the railing of the Livings in this Nation to fome juft Propor-
" tion, beginning at thofe in Corporations, and thofe within the
*« King's Gift, but not excluding others, upon condition that
" the King fhall have his Turn in prefenting, in proportion to
" the Augmentation that fhall be made by this Provilion.

" A Corporation might be fettled, as was from the Reign of
" Queen Elizabeth down to xh^t o^ Charles the Firft, with pOwer
" to receive the Gifts of Charitable Ferfons, to the fame Pious
" End : And all Bifhops, Deans and Chapters might be obliged
" to pay towards it a Fourth or Fifth of every Fine that they
" received.

" This, by the Blefling of God, would make the Concerns
" of Religion and of the Church put on another Face, it would
" much raife his Majefty's Name and Charadler in the prefent,
" and in all fucceeding Ages ; by this the King gives away no-
" thing, that is in his own Pollelfion ; he only gives away the
" Power of granting fuch new Penfions, as may be vacant in his

" Time.

* The Memorial in the Bifliop's own Hand, with a Memorandum when it was delivered, is ia
the Editor's hands.

Vol. II. 8T

jii 4 The hiFE of (

« Time. And there is little doubt to be made, (befides a Blef-
" fing from God, which may be expedled upon fo noble a De-
" ^^g") thatthiswould be madeup tothe Crown by Parliament:
" And would alfo give fuch an Impreffion of the King, as would
" have good Effedt on all his Affairs.

A Seconal MEMORIAL concerning the Tenths and Firji Fruits.
Given in to the King in December 1697 *.

« T T is humbly propofed, that his Majefty would be pleafed
" X ^'^ coniider, how proper it will be at this Time, to declare
" his Refolution of applying the Firft Fruits and Tenths to
" mending the State of the poor Livings in England.

" The Peace being now concluded, this will be a noble Be-
" ginning of his Majefty 's Reign in Peace, and a fuitable Re-
" turn to God, for his great Bleftings on his Royal Perfon and
" Affairs ; it will gain him the Hearts of all true Friends of the
" Church o{ England \ and fince t'le Burroughs are generally
" the worft ferved, their Livings being univerfally very fmall,
" this may probably have a great Effeft on all the King's Affairs,
" perhaps on the fucceeding Eledlions of Parliament.

" If his Majefty be refolved to do it, it is humbly fuggefted,
" that he would declare his Refolution in the Treafury, and ap-
" point the Commiffioners to acquaint the Houfe of Commons
" with it, who will no doubt very quickly make -it up to the
" Crown. Upon this, it is propofed, that the King will order a
" Commiffion for managing this Fund, and making it moft ef-
" feftual to the End intended by it.

" The Perfons proper for fuch a Commiffion, would be the
" two Archbifhops, with two other Bifhops, the Lord Chan-
" cellor, the Lord Privy-Seal, the two Secretaries of State, the
" lirft Commiffioner of the Treafury, the Chancellor of the Ex-
" chequer, the two Chief Juftices, the Chief Baron, and the
" King's Attorney-General."

Though this Propofal was highly acceptable to the King;
though it was ftrongly feconded by the Princefs of De7i7nark^
who deftred Copies to be given her of the two foregoing Memo-
rials; yet underhand it met with fuch Oppojdtion amongft the
Miniftry, as for a time obftruded the Execution of it. The
Bifliop would not however be difcouraged in it ; but renewed
his Sollicitations upon this Head, fo powerfully, in the Year 1 701,
tiiat nothing but the Death of King TVilliam could have prevented

its

* The Memorial in the BinTop*s own Hand, wich a Memorandum when he delivered it, is in

the Editor's hands.

the Author. 715

its theii taking efFed. He had concerted his Meafures upoft this
occffiion, with the Earl of Godolphin (who afterwards carried tliis
IXfign into Execution) and with the Lord Somers, whofe Let-
ter upon that Subjedl I fhall here infert.

« My Lord,

22 tJo'vemb. i7ot.

" "T Acknowledge the Honour of your Lordfliip's Letter of tlic
" J^ 1 7th, with great Thankfulnefs ; I wifh it may He in my
" power to contrfbute to the excellent Defign, you propofe ; no
" Man will enter into it more willingly, nor fhall labour in it
" more heartily. The Point of the Firft Fruits and Tenths is
" what I have propofed feveral times, with much Earneftnefs,
" but without Succefs. When I have the Happinefs of feeing
your Lordfhip, we fhall, I hope, difcourfe at large upon the
whole Subjed. In the mean time allow me to afTure you, that
I am with great and fincere Refped:,

My Lord,
Tour LordJIjifs moji obedient humble Servant,

SoMERS.

Having thus given a fhort Account of every principal Part of
our Author's Condud, that properly relates to his Epifcopal Cha-
radler, of which I thought the Reader would be beft able to judge,
if it were laid before him in one general View, without any ^n6t
regard to the Series of Time ; T fhall now return to the Thread
of my Narration, by relating the other remarkable Incidents of his
Life, in the Order, in which they happened.

The Year 1694 proved greatly unfortunate to him, I might The Death
have faid to the whole Nation, by the Death of Archbifliop ?//-^j?;aSof
lot/on ; a Name too well known to need an Encomium ; whofe ArchbiOiop
Funeral Sermon our Author preach'd, and whofe Vindication he
undertook, againft a Writer, who had virulently attack'd his Me-
mory. This great Lofs to the Church was foon after followed by
a greater, that of the excellent Queen Mary, who had always
honoured our Author with a high degree of Favour and Confi-
dence. The flrong Impreflion her imcommon Talents and fhining
Qualities had made upon him, occafioned that Ejfay on her Cha-
raSier, which he publifli'd in the Year 1695.

During her Life, the Affeirs and Promotions in the Church had He is one of
wholly pafs'd through her hands ; it was an Article of Govern- [jafticS
ment, for which the King thought himfelf unqualified, yet was ^^^coJ2°°
imwilling to commit to the Care of his Miniftcrs : Upon her^n^-ndto
Death therefore, a CommifTion was granted to the two Arch- ments.

bifhops,

* The Original is in the Editor's Hands.

yi6 The Life of

bifliops, to our Author, and to three other Prelates ; wlicreby
they, or any three of them, were appointed to recommend to all
Bifhopricks, Deanries, or other vacant Preferments in the Churca,
fignifying the fame to his Majefty, by writing under their hands :
And during the King's Abfence beyond Sea, they were empowered,
of their own Authority, to prefent to all Benefices in the Gift
of the Crown, that were under the Value of an Hundred and
Forty Pounds a-year. A like CommilHon was granted in the
' Year 1700, and the Bifhop oi Salisbury continued ftill to be of
the Number. It would be tedious here to enumerate the feveral
Marks King William gave him, of his Friendfhip, during the
whole Courfe of his Reign; but though he obtained of his Ma-
jefty Employments, Penftons and Gratuities for others, even to
the Value of Ten Thoufand Pounds to Ojie Perfon now living ;
yet there was not one lingle Inftance, wherein he follicited a Fa-
vour for himfelf or his Family : On the contrary, he declined
Preferment when it was offered to him.
ismadePre- In the Year 1698, when it became neceflary to fettle the Duke
ceprortotheQf (^/^^,^^^/s Family, the King fent the '^zxX oi Sunderland^
doncefrer. with a Meifagc to the Princefs of Denmark^ acquainting her,
" That he put the whole Management of her Son's Houfhold into
" her hands, but that he owed the Care of his Education to liim-
" felf and his People, and therefore would name the Perfons for
" that purpofe." Accordingly the Earl oi Marlborough being
nominated his Governour, the Bifhop o^ Salisbury was appointed
his Preceptor. He was then retired into his Diocefe, having lately
Tw, . , . loft his Wife by the Small Pox. He took that occafion therefore to

Which he •/ r ^ • • /-^^

endeivv)urs wavc the Offer of this miportant Charge; though he was affured,

to ec me. ^^^ Princcfs had teftify'd her Approbation of the King's Choice.

He wrote to the Earl of Sunderla7idj to ufe his Intereft, that he

might be excufed, and in return received from him the following

Letter.

" My Lord,* juue^<).

I Am extremely troubled for your Lofs, it being, by all that
I have heard, a very great one; But you muft not leave
ferving the Publick, upon any private Confideration. I intend
" to be in Town next Week, and if I have any Credit at all, you
" may be affured that you fhall be fent for, and fhall come thi-
" ther, unlefs you will fall out with all your Friends, and with
the King in the firft place. I am, with great Tnath,

My Lord,
Tour moji faithful humble Servant,

Sunderland,

* The original Letter is in the Editor's hand;.

(C

the AuTHQk. 717

Our Author wrote likcwife to his Friend Atchbi/liop Tenniforfy
defiring him to wait on the King in his Kame, and intreat his
Majefty, to allow him to decline this Employ mept : Thc/Archbi*'
fhop replied, and offered many Arguments to pcrluade him to^ac*-
cept of it ; which only produced a fecond Letter, ftrongcr tlian
the former, and to the fame purpofe : To which liis Grace, by
King Willia?n\ Diredtion, returned the following Anfwcr.

" My Lordy^ L<2teif//;, 7«wi8, 1698.

I Received your Second, in which you fcem to infift on the
Contents of the Firft ; upon that account, I waited on the
King, not being wilUng to dechne doing, what you {o earneftly
" prefs'd. The King exprefs'd himfelf with great Tenderneft
" upon this Subjed: ; he commanded me to let you underftand,
" that he had fent for you, before this time, if this Misfortune
" had not happened ; and tliat he ftill defires you to come, as
" foon as with Decency you carl. He looks upon you, as a Di-
" vine, who in fuch Cafes had comforted many, and thinks it
•* will look beft, not to fuffer llich a Crofs, to get fuch Power
" over you, as to, make you decline fo pubHck a Service. H^
*' Ipoke to this effe<ft, without my urging my private Opinion,
** which is, what it was in my firft. I heartily pray for you, I
" pity you as my own Brother, but I cannot bring myielf in
" this, to be of your Lordfhip's Opinion. It is true^ if no
" Steps had been made in this Affair, your Excufe would the
" ealler have made its way ; but feeing things are fo iar ad-
" vanced, it feems not proper to go back. If upon tliis, that
*' hopeful Prince fhall fall into fuch hands, as are unfit, your
" Lordfhip would then refledl, upon your having declined the
" Service, with Pain and Grief Pray, next Poft, let me have
" fome Anfwer, our good Mafter the King may be pleafed with.
*« I am,

My Lordy

Yoiir affeSi'wnate Brother^

T H O. C A N T U A R*i

As the reft of the Blfliop's Friends concurred in the lame ftrain,
earneftly preffmg him not to refufe a Station, wherein he might
do his Country fuch fignal Service^ as in the right Education of
the Duke oi Gloucejler ; he thought it might be conftrued Obfti-
nacy not to fubmit. He therefore fignified his Compliance, in his
Anfwer to the Archbifhop of Canterbury ; who thereupon ^v^ote
him another Letter, which I fhall here infert.

* The Original is in tlic Editor's hands.

Vol. IL 8 U « My

^i8 The Life of

" Mjy Lord) * Ke«j;„gfo„, yuiy^: 1598.

« T" ATE laft Night the King {poke again about your
« I 7 coming up ; the Time you mention [Friday Fortnight)
" he thinks much too long; he therefore commanded me to fend
" an Exprefs to you, in order to your coming up as foon as pof-
" fibly you can : He having time, Kttle enough to fettle that
" Matter, before his going beyond Sea ; which will not now be
" long ; becaufe the Parliament may Ipeedily end, perhaps this
" Day. He confiders very gracioufly the Commendablenefs of
" your Submiflion in thefe Circumftances, which is indeed wor-
" thy of you. Pray haflen as much as you poflibly can, and may
^ God bring you fafely hither. I am

Tour affeSiionate Brother^
V.^.'fhe Parliament rifes to- morrow^ T h o. C a n t u a r'.

a7id the King goes foon /oWindfor,

'where you may wait on his Majejiy.

"t When our Author, upon his Arrival at >^/;y<^r, hadhisfirft
Audience of the King, he affured his Majefty, it was no longer
his Intention to decline fb honourable an Employment, as the
educating a Prince fo nearly related to the Crown, iince his Royal
Mafter thought him worthy of that Trull; but as the DifcJiarge of
his Duty in this Station muft confine him conftantly to Court,
which was inconfiftent with his Epifcopal Function, he defired
leave to refign hisBifhoprick. The King was much furprized at
the Propofal, to which he would by no means confent : However,
finding our Author perfifted in it, he was at length prevailed on,
to agree, that the Duke fhould refide all the Summer at Windfory
and that the Bifhop fhould have ten Weeks allowed him every
Year, to vifit the other Parts of his Diocefc.

The Method he purfued in the Duke oi GlouceJier\ Education,
and the amazing Progrels made in it, during the fhort time
that Prince was under his Care, are mentioned in the Hiftory:
To which I fliall only add, that he condud:ed himfelf in fuch a
manner, that the Princefs of Deitmark ever after retained a pecu-
liar Regard for him, of which he received fome fenfible Marks,
when fhe came to the Throne, even at Times, when he was en-
gaged in a publick Oppofition to the Meafures of her Miniftcrs.
His Mar- 'j'}jg affiduous Attendance our Author was obliged to, whilft

Mrs.Ber^f- hc was Preceptor to the Duke, and the tender Age of his own
"' Children, made it requifite to look out for a proper Miftrefs to his

Family.

* The Original is in the Editor's hands. Mr. Mackney, who then attended the BiHiop to

t This Fad v/as related to the Editor by fVindfor^ and had it from his own Mouth.

Family. He fix*d upon Mrs. Berkeley, a Lady of uncommon de-
grees of Knowledge, Piety and Virtue ; as may appear from Her
Method of Devotion, which bore feveral ImprefTions in licr Life-
time; and was reprinted after her Death, with an Account of her
Life, by Dr. Goodwyn, (the late Archbifhop of Cafiels in Ireland)
which renders it unneceflary here to enlarge upon her Charader.

In the Year 1699, our Author publifh'd his Expojition of the H^wrircsan
^irty-Nine Articles of the Church of England. He was firft i^/i'r"'/
engaged in this Undertaking by Queen Mary, who had fo "'"'^^^f''!"-
highly approved of his Four Difcourjes to his Clergy, and his Trea-
tife of the Pajioral Care, that She, as well as Archbifhop Ttllotfon,
judged no Man fo proper as himfelf, to render this Important Ser-
vice to the Church. At their Intreaty therefore, he undertook
this Laborious Task, which lie perform'd in lefs than the compafs
of a Year, though he kept it by him five Years, for Correction. It
was firft revifed, and in many places altered by Dv.Tillotfon, whofe
Opinion of this Performance will beft be learnt fix)m one of his
own Letters.

" My Lord, * L^mhetk-Vioufe, Onoher 23, 1764,

" TT Have with great Pleafure and Satisfadlion read over the great'
" J^ Volume, you fent me ; and am aftonifii'd to fee fo vaft a
" Work, begun and finifh'd in fb fhort a time. In the Article
*' of the Trinity you have faid all, that I think can be faid uport
" fo obfcure and difiicult an Argument. The Socinia7is have juft
** now pubHfhed an Anfwertousall; but I have not had a fight
" of it. The negative Articles againft the Church of Rome, you
*' have very fully explained, and with great Learning and Judg-
" ment. Concerning thele, you will meet with no Oppofition
*' amongft ourfelves. The greateft Danger was to be apprehended
^ from the Points in difference between the Calvinifls and Re-
" monflrants, in which you have fhewn, not only great Skill and
Moderation, but great Prudence in contenting yourfelf, to re-
prefent both fides impartially, without any pofitivc Declaration
of your own Judgment. The Account given oi Atha7rafius?>
Creed, fcems to me no-wife fatisfadlory ; I wifii we were well
rid of it. I pray God long to preferve your Lordfhip, to d®
" more fuch Services to the Church. I am.

My Lord,

Tours fnofl affeSiionately^

Jo. Cant'.

This

*. An attefted Copy of this Letter, in the band- writing of the prefcnt Archbifhop oiDuHin, is in
thcEditor's hands.

<(

y20 The hiFE of

This Work was afterwards perufed and approved by Archbifhop
Te?iniJon^ Archbiiliop Sharpy Bifliop Stillingfleet, Patrick^ Lloyd^
Hall^nd. Williams: The laft of thefe ftrongly recommended, the
coniidering them only as Articles of Peace, in which Men were
bound to acquiefce without Contradiction; not as Articles of Faith,
which they were obliged to believe* There might perhaps be
reafon to wilh, that they had only been impofed as fuch, but there
was nothing in our Conftitution to warrant an Expofitor, in giving
that Senfe to them : The Book likewife pais'd through the hands of
many learned Men in both Univerjitiesy and was generally ap-
plauded. Upon its firft Appearance in Print, it was univerfally well
received ; thofe, who had been employed to criticife every Work
the Bifhop had publiflied for Ibme Years, were lilent as to This.
Indeed when the Convocation met, and the two Houfes were
warmly engaged in Dilputes, relating to their refpedive Privi-
leges, in which our Author bore a confiderable Share; the Lower
Houfe, in Refentment, brought up a general Cenfure of His Ex-
pojition^ but refufed to point out the Particulars, upon which it
was grounded : Though the Upper Houfe remonftrated, how ne-
celTary that was, in order to enable them to concur in the Cen-
fure, which they could not pretend to do, till they were informed
of the Reafons for it.

For fiv^e or fix Years before his Death, our Author grew more
abflraded from the World, than the Situation he had been in,
during the former Parts of his Life, had permitted. To avoid the
Diftradion of ufelefs Vifits, he fettled in St. Johns Court in Cler-
kenwell^ and kept up only an Intercourfe with his moft felect and
intimate Acquaintance : Their Names will be an Honour to his
Memory, and therefore 1 beg leave to mention the moft confide-*
table amongft them. Such were the late Dukes oi Marlborough y
Newcajlle and Shrewsbury ; the Earls of Godolphin, Cowper and
Halifax ; the Lord Somers and Pelham : And the prefent
Dutchefs Dowager of Marlborough^ the Dukes of Montrofe and
Roxburgh ; the Lord Townjhend^ the Lord Ki7tg, the Mafter of
the Rolls Sir Jofeph Jekyll, the Lord Chief Juftice Eyre, and
Mr. Baillie of Jervifwood^ who, as he was his near Relation, fo
he always lived with him in the Friendfhip and Freedom of a
Brothen

^mS'Ji'ws ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ nothing in relation to the Part our Author a(a:ed
Calling in Parliament, in Convocation, or in the feveral Matters of State,
\lldoT. wherein he was confulted and employed ; this is fully and impar-
tially fet forth in the Hiftory itfelf Yet I ought to inform the
Reader, that the Bifhop's necefTary Attendance on the Houfe of
Lords, in the Winter Seafon, was not a means of abating his
\. Dihgence

the Ai/TiioR. ^2t

Diligence in the Duties of his Calling, though it diverted the
Exercife of it, from the proper Scene, his Diocefe. For whilft
he ftaid in Town, he failed not of preaching every Sunday
Morning, in fome Church or other in London ; and as he was
much followed, he was generally engaged for Charity Sermons, at
which he himfclf was always a liberal Contributor: In the Sunday
Evening, he had a Ledlure in his own Houfe, upon fome feledl
Portion of Scripture ; to which many Perfons of Diftinftion re-
forted, though ?K lirft it was only intended, for the Benefit of
his own Family.

As he lived to fee the Turn, whicli the Affairs o{ Great Bri-
tain^ I might fay of Europe^ took upon the Death of Queen
Anne^ for whom he always liad the higiiefl: pcrfonal Veneration,
but whom he thought unwarily engaged in Meafures, which
might have* proved fatal : I need not fay, with what comfort
he (aw a Succefllon take place, of which he himfelf had been the
jirfl Mover ; and a Family eflablifhed, in whofe Interefts he had
been fo fledfaft and zealous, and by whom he had been fo much
entrufted. He publifhed a Third Volume^ as a Supplement to Writdsa
his two former, of the Hijiory of the Reformation^ at the time of a/aSuppic-
his late Majefty's Arrival in Englajid^ to whom it was dedicated i S/y"//L
And as if his Life had only been prolonged to fee this great T^tforkatia^:
Work compleat, and the Proteftant Interefl in a fait Proipeft
of Security, he died foon aften \

Thus I have endeavoured to give fome Account of our Au- His Do-
thor's Behaviour, in all the different Stations he pafs'd through in chanttct;
P^blick : it may be expedted, I fhould fay fomething of him, in
Domeftick Life.

His Time, the only Treafure of which he feemed covetousj His Tima
was employed in one regular and uniform manner. His conftalit pSS^
Health permitted him to be an early Rifer, he was feldom in Bed
later than live a-Clock in the Morning during the Summer, or
than fix in the Winter. Private Meditation took up the two firft
Hours and the laft Half-Hour of the Day. His firft and laft Ap-
pearance to his Family was, at the Morning and Evening Prayers,
which were always read by himfelf, though his Chaplains were
prefent. He drank his Tea in company with his Children, and
took that opportunity of inftru6ting them in Religion ; he went
through the Old and New Teftament with them three times,
giving his own Comment upon fome Portion of it, for an Hour
every Morning. When this was over, he retired to his Study,
where he feldom fpent lefs than fix, often more than eight
Hours in a Day. The refl of his Time was taken up with

VaL. IL 8 X Bufmcfs,

722 The hiFE of

Bulinefs, Exercife and neceflary Reft, or beftowed on friendly
Vifits and chearful Meals. As he kept an open Table, in which
there was Plenty without Luxury, fo no Man was more pleafed
with innocent Mirth there, no Man encouraged it more, or had
a larger Fund of Entertainment to contribute towards it. His
Equipage, like his Table, was decent and plain ; and all his
Expences denoted a Temper generous, but not profule. The
Epifcopal Palace, when he came to Salhbury^ was thought one
of the worft; and when he died, was one of the bell in England.
mx^^i^' '^^^ Charader I have given his Wives, will fcarce make it
band. an Addition to his, that he was a moft affcdionate Husband.
His tender Care of the firft, during a Courfe of Sicknefs, that
lafted for many Years ; and his fond Love to the other two, and
the deep Concern he cxprefs'd for their Lois, were no more than
their juft due, from one of his Humanity, Gratitude and Dif-
cernment.
hJrcwi-^ °^ ^^^ Love to his Children, perhaps accompanied with too
drcn'sEdu- rnucli Indulgence, was not exerted in laying up for them a Hoard
of Wealth, out of the Revenues of the Church, but in giving
them a noble Education ; though the Charge of it was wholly
maintained out of his private Fortune. At leven Years old, he
entered his Sons into Latin^ giving each of them a diftindl Tutor,
who had a Salary of Forty Pounds a-year, which was never leflcn'd
on account of any Prebend the Bifhop gave him. After five or fix
Years had perfected his Sons in the Learned Languages, he fent them
to the Univerfity ; the Eldeft a Gentleman Commoner to Trinity
College in Cambridge^ the other Two Commoners to Mertox
College in Oxford ; where, befides the College Tutor, they liad
a private one, to afUft: them in their Learning, and to overlook
their Behaviour. In the Year 1706, he lent them abroad for
two Years to finifh their Studies at Ley den , from whence two of
them took a Tour through Germany^ Switzerland and Italy.
The Eldeft and Youngeft, by their own Choice, were bred to the
Law, and the fecond to Divinity.
Hi's Firm- In his Friendfhips, our Author was warm, open-hearted and
Kiendihips. conftant : From thofe I have taken the liberty to mention, the
Reader will perceive, that they were formed upon the moft pru-
dent Choice, and I cannot find an Inftance of any one Friend he
ever loft, but by Death. It is a common, perhaps a juft Obfer-
vation. That a hearty Friend is apt to be as hearty an Enemy ;
yet this Rule did not hold in our Author. For though his Sta-
tion, his Principles, but above all his ftedfaft Adherence to the
Hanover SucceJ/io?ij railed him many Enemies ; yet he no fooner
had it in his power, to have taken fevere Revenges on them, than

he

the Author. 723

he endeavoured, by the kindeft good Offices, to repay all their
Injuries, and overcome them, by returning Good for Evil. I
have already given fome Inftances of this nature here, and many
more will occur to the Reader in the Hiftory.

The Bifhop was a kind and bountiful Mafter to his Servants, HisCondua

TO thol'c in

whom he never changed, but with Regret and through Necef- Employ'
fity : Friendly and obliging to all in Employment under him, ^^' ""*^
and peculiarly happy in the Choice of them ; eftiecially in that
of the Steward to the Biflioprick and his Courts, fVilliam JVaJie-
jield-, Efq; (a Gentleman of a plentiful Fortune, at the time of
his accepting this Poft) and in that of his Domeftick Steward
Mr. Mackney. Thefe were both Men of approved Worth and
Integrity, firmly attach'd to his Interefts, and were treated by
him, as they well deferved, with Friendship and Confidence.
To them, I muft appeal, for the Truth of many Fads here re~
lated, particularly thofe concerning his Labours in his Dio-
cefe ; from them I likewile had an Account of his extenfive
Charities.

This was indeed a principal Article of his Expence, impoflible HisChari-
nowto fix as to all the Particulars; our Author being as lecret, as he ""'
was liberal, in thofe Charities, which he diftributcd with his own
hands: Yetthegreateflpart of them could not be hid fromthcPer-
fons, who were entrufted with the Management of his Affairs. His
Gifts, forthe Augmentation of fmall Livings, of an Hundred Pounds
at a time ; his conftant Penfions to poor Clergymen, to their
Widows, to Students for their Education at the Univerfities, and
to induftrious Families, that were ftruggling with the World ;
the frequent Sums given by him, towards the Repairs or Building
of /Churches and Vicarage-Houfes ; his liberal Contribution, to all
pujlick Colledions, to the Support of Charity- Schools (one of
which for Fifty Children at Salisbury was wholly maintained by
him,) and the many Apprentices, at different times put out to
Trades at his Charge, were Charities that could not be wholly
concealed. Nor were his Alms confined to one Nation, Sedl or
Party; Want and Merit in the Objed were the only Meafures of
his Liberality. Thus when Mr. Martin (Minifter o{ Compton
Chamberlein) for refufing to take the Oaths to the Government,
foon after the Revolution, had forfeited his Prebend in the
Church of Sarum ; the Bifhop, out of his own Income, paid
him the yearly Value of it, during his Life. His ufual Allowance
for Charity was Five Hundred Pounds a-year, which he often
exceeded ; particularly in the two Years, that he was Preceptor
to the Duke of Gloucejier, in which time this Article amounted
to One and Twenty Hundred Pounds. In a word, no Objed:

of

^'

71?^ Life of

"} 2 J.

of Chriftian Compaflion ever came within his Knowledge, witti-
out receiving a proportionable Relief. He looked upon himfelf,
with regard to his Epifcopal Revenue, as a meer Truflee for the
Church, bound to expend the whole, in the Maintenance of a
decent Figure lliitablc to his Station, in Hofpitalit)f, and in Ads
of Charity. And he had fo faithfully ballanced this Account,
that at his Death no more of the Income of his Bifliopriek re-
mained to his Family f , than what was barely fufficient for the
Payment of his Debts.
His Care of g^t if he was thus liberal of his own Purfe, he was not Icfs
otthcSee. itrift in prelervmg the Revenues or his See, for the Benefit of
his Succefibrs, of which this remarkable Inftance may fuffice *.
One of his PredecefTors had converted a large Eftate at Monchon
Farley^ held of the Bifhop, from a Leafe of One and Twenty
Years, into an Eftate for three Lives, and had received a valua-
ble Confideration for io doing. Our Author refolved, if poilible,
to reftore it to the former Tenure, as being much more advanta-
geous to the See : when therefore one of the Lives fell, he refufed
to renew ; and when, the other two Lives being very unhealthy,
Sir yohn Talbot offered him a Thoufand Pounds for the Renewal
of that one Life, and the Change of the other two, he ftill per"
fifted in his Refufal : Till at length the Tenant, apprehending
the whole Eftate would have fallen in, agreed to accept of a
Leafe for One and Twenty Years, for which the Bifhop would
take no more than Four Hundred Pounds Fine to himfelf; but
made it part of his Agreement, that the Tenant fhould pay Ten
Pounds yearly Rent, to the Minifter of the Parifh, as a perpetual
Augmentation to that poor Living, belides the ufual Referved
Rent to the See.
HisDeath ^^ March 1 74-4-, being the Seventy-fecond Year of his Age,
our Author was taken ill of a violent Cold, which foon turned
to 5 Pleuritick Fever; .he was attended in it, by his worthy
Friend and Relation Dr. Cheyne^ who treated him with the
utm.oft Care and Skill : But finding the Diftemper grew to
a height, which feemed to baffle all Remedies, he called for
the Aftiftance of Sir Hans Sloane and Dr. Mead, who quickly
found his Cafe was defperate. His Charader was too well known,
to induce any one to conceal from him the Danger his Life was
in. He bore the Notice of it, with that calm RcfignatiOn to
Providence, which had always fupported him under the fevercft
Trials. As he preferved his Senfes to the laft, fo he employed the
precious Remnant of Life, in continual Ads of Devotion, and in

giving

t This Mr. Mackney his Steward affured me ap- Farley, and many others at the 'lime, aiul ir was
peared in his Accounts. confirmed to me lincc by Mr. Wafiejield imd

* This I had from Ehe Minifter of MoncHon Mr. Mackney.

the Author. 725

giving the beft Advice to his Family; of whom he took leave, in a
manner, that fhewed the utmoftTendernefs, accompanied with the
firmeft Cohftancy of Mind. And whilft he was fo Httle fenflble
of the Terrors of Death, as to embrace its Approach with Joy ;
he could not but exprefs a Concern, for the Grief he faw it caufed
in others. He died on the Seventeenth Day of that Month.

It would be a Prefumption in me to attempt the drawing his
Charadler ; when it has been done by fo elegant a Hand, as that
of the lateMarquifs o^ Halifax: As this beautiful Piece, I believe,
has never been made pubhck, the Reader will pardon my inferting
it here.

" "Dv. Burnet* is like all Men, who are above the ordinary Level, HisCha-'
" feldom fpoke of in a Mean, he muft either be railed at or ad- SeSrqSifi
" mired ; he has a Swiftnels of Imagination, that no other Man oiHa/.jax.
" comes up to ; and as our Nature hardly allows us to have
" enough of any thing, without having too much, he cannot at
" all times fo hold in his Thoughts, but that at fome time they
" may run away with him ; as it is hard for a Veffel, that is
" brim-fiill, when in motion, not to run over ; and therefore the
" Variety of Matter, that he ever carries about him, may throw
" out more, than an unkind Critick would allow of. His firft
*' Thoughts may fometimes require more Digeftion, not from a
6* Defed: in his Judgment, but from the Abundance of his Fancy,
" which fiirnifhes too fail for him. His Friends love him too
** well, to fee fmall Faults; or if they do, think that his greater
" Talents give him a Privilege of ftraying from the ftrid: Rules
" of Caution, and exempt him from the ordinary Rules of Cen-
" fure. He produces fo faft, that what is well in his Writings
" calls for Admiration, and what is incorredl deferves an Excufe ;
he may in fome things require Grains of Allowance, which
thofe only can deny him, who are unknown or unjuft to him*
He is not quicker in difcerning other Men's Faults, than he is
in forgiving them ; fo ready, or rather glad to acknowledge his
own, that from Blcmifhes they become Ornaments. All the
repeated Provocationsof his indecent Adverfaries, have had no
" other Effeft, than tlie fetting his Good-Nature in fo much a
" better Light ; fince his Anger never yet went farther than
to pity them. That Heat, whicli in moft other Men raifes
Sharpnefs and Satire, in him glows into Warmth for his Friends,
" and CompafTion for thofe in Want and Mifery. As dull Men

" have

* The Qjpy from which this is printed, was cjuifs of Halifax's own Hand-writing, which was
taken from one given to the Bilhop, in the Mar- in the Editor's hands, l^ut is at prclent millaid.

Vo L. XL 8 Y

7^6 The Life of the Author.

have quick Eyes, in difcerning the fmaller Faults of thofe, that
Nature has made fuperior to them, they do not mils one Blot
he makes ; and being beholden only to their Barrennefs for their
Difcretion, they fall upon the Errors, which arife out of his
Abundance ; and by a Miftake, into which their Malice be-
trays them, they think that by finding a Mote in his Eye, they
hide the Beams, that are in their own. His Quicknefs makes
Writing lb eafy a thing to him, that his Spirits are neither
wafted nor foured by it : The Soil is not forced, every thing
grows, and brings forth without Pangs ; which diftinguifhes as
much what he does, from that which fmells of the Lamp, as
a good Palate will difcern between Fruit, which comes from a
rich Mould, and that which taftes of the uncleanly Pains, that
have been beftowed upon it. He makes many Enemies, by
fetting an ill-natured Example of Living, which they are not in-
cHned to follow. His Indifference for Preferment, his Con-
tempt not only of Splendour, but of all unneceffary Plenty,
his degrading himfelf into the loweft and moft painfiil Duties
of his Calling ; are fuch unprelatical Qualities, that let him be
never fb orthodox in other things, in thefe he muft be a Dif-
fenter. Virtues of fuch a ftamp are fo many Herefies, in the
opinion of thofe Divines, who have foftened the Primitive In*
junctions, fo as to make them fuit better with the prefent Frailty
of Mankind. No wonder then, if they are angry, fince it is
in their own Defence, or that from a Principle of Self-Preferva-
tion they ftiould endeavour to fupprefs a Man, whofe Parts are
a Shame, and whofe Life is a Scandal to them."

A

>2>

A LIST of Biftop Burnet's Works.

A Dialogue between a Conformiil and Non-Conformift. 1 669
A Vindication of the Conftitution of the Church and \ r ^
State of Scotland. -------- J '

The Myftery of Iniquity unveiled. - - - - - - -1673

An Account given by T, Ken a Jefuit of the Truth of 7 ^ ^

Rehgion examined. ----------J '^

Memoirs of the Dukes of i7^/«/7/(7^, m Folio. - - - -1676

An Account of a Conference with C(?/^w^«, &*€. - - -1676
The Hiflory of the Reformation. Firjl Volume. - - 1679

Second Volume. - - 1 6 8 1

Third Volume. - - 171 5

The Abridgement of the Hiftory of the Reformation. - -1682

An Account of the Earl of Roche fler\ Death. - - - -1681

ThtU.^^ oi ^\x Matthew Hale. 1682

The Method of Converfion by the Clergy of /v'«;;^c^ examined. 1682
The Hiftory of the 7?^^«/^. - «• - - - - - - 1682

The Tranflation of Sir 7^<7/«i7j M?r^'s £//(9^/^. - - - -1683

TheLifeofBifliop^^J^//. - - - 1685

The Tranflation of La&antius\ Deaths of the Perfecutors. 1687
Letters concerning Dr. jBar/z^/'s Travels. - - - - - 1687

The Paftoral Care. ----------- 1692

Four Difcourfes to his Clergy. - - - - - - - -1694.

Eflay on the. Character of Queen Mtzry. - - - - ^ 1695

Vindication of Archbifhop 77/^/^». - - - - - - 1696

Expofition of the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of}

England. ------------ 3'

A CoUedlion of Sermons and Pamphlets (in three 7 from 1678

Volumes in ^arto) --------3 to 1706

The Church Catechifm explained. - - - j ► - 1710
Sermons preached on feveral Occasions, - - - - - 1713

The Hiftory of his own Time, Two Volumes in Folio* A

Pofthumous Work,'

ts^^

^ ■ '

^i-

[ 1^9 V ^ ^^ f y ^

TABLE of the CONTENTS

OF THE

SECOND VOLUME.

if'tf-!eie'i'fi^'^'^i(if1fipifi?iiif1eif'fiFif1(iFiPi^'kifie'tieif'ie'^1e'tit'ii'i't1e'iif1P't''iif1tiFif'i^

BOOK V.

Of the Reign of King IP'illiam and Queen Mary,

1689 .

FIE hopes of the new Reign

Page I

fbe effea of the King's iU

lie lit b 2

A new Miniftry 3

?^« Earl of Nottinghatn^j advancement

unacceptable to the Whigs ibid.

^be Judges well chofen 5

fbe Convention turned to a Parliament

ibid.
Some Bijhops leave the Parliament 6

t was made BiJI:!op of Salisbury S

Debates concerning the Oatbs ibid.

An A£i of toleration 10

A Motion for a Comprehenjlon ibid.

An ill humour fpread among the Clergy 1 1
Great genthnefs towards Papifis 1 2

IVar proclaimed againft France ibid.

Debates concerning the Revenue ibid.

3^e G'imncy Money difcbarged ij

\y\J

A hiU concerning the Militia Page 14
Debates concerning an Ad of Indemnity

ibid.

fbe Bill of Rights 1 s

King James'j Great Seal found in the

Thames . 16

77)e Jlate of Affairs in Itihnd 17

King James came over thither iB

^he Siege of Londonderry ibid.

U^as at laft raifed i^

Duke Schomberg with an Army went to_

Ireland ibid.

Affairs at Sea . - 20
Affairs in Scotland"" ^'^^ -
Debates in the Convention there
A Rifing defigned there
King James was Judged there
^hey pafs a Claim of Rights
Epifcopacy by this to bi abolijbed

A Miniftry in Scotland 24-

A Fa£iion raifed in Scotland 1 J

A RifH "^ Scotland 2^

8 Z Foreiia

21
ibid.

22
ibid.^

ibid.

130

A TABLE of the Contents.

Foreign Jffairs Page 28

A Jealoufy of the King fyreai among the

Englifli Clergy ibid.

A Comprehenfion endeavoured jo

A Convocation tnety but -would not agree to

it 33

A Seffion of Parliament 34

^he King grew jealous of the Whigs 35
A Confpiracy againft the Government ibid,
Dif covered to the Author 37

A Bill concerning Corporations j8

1690

A new Parliament ' 40

A Bill recognizing the King and ^een,
and the Aiis of T'he Convention 41
^he Revenue given for Tears 42

Debates for and againft an Abjuration of
King James 43

STVjc Earl of Shrewsbury left the Court 45
^he King's fenfe of Affairs 46

^he King's tendernefs for King James'j
perfon . .^ 47

^be King failed to Ireland jf B ibid.
Advices given to King James 48

^he ^een in the Adminifiration ibid.
Affairs at Sea 49

A Cannon BaU wounded the King 50

^he Battle of the Boyne 5 1

^he Battle of Flerus _ 5 2

An Engagement at Sea ibid.

^he French Mafiers of the Sea 53

^he Queen's behaviour on this occajion 5 j
^he King came to Dublin ibid.

A defign to affaffinate the King ibid.

'ithe Siege of Limerick j^. 58

^he Siege is rat fed f"' ^ ■"• ' 59

^he equality of the King*s temper 60

^hc Earl of Marlborough propofes taking
Cork and Kinfale in IVintety and effects
it ibid.

^he French left Ireland _ 61

Affairs in Scotland ibid.

A Parliament there ^ 62

A Plot dif covered ibid.

Affairs abroad ^4

A Seffion of Parliament in England 6j
Ireland much wafied by the Rapparees and
the Army there 66

A Bill concerning the Irifh Forfeitures

61
^he Earl of Torrington tried^nd jufiified

ibid.
Lefigns againft the Marquifs of Carmar-
then 6^
Lord Prefton fcnt over to France 69
^aken, tried,, and condemned 70
Alhton fufferld ' ibid.
Lord Prefton was pardoned / 7^
^he behaviour of the deprived Bijhops

ibid.

A Congrefs of Princes at the Hague ibid.

A new Pope chofen after a long Conclave

a 7a

^he Siege of Mons rage y?

Affairs fettled for the next Campaign ibid.

Affairs in Scotland 74.

Some changes made in Scotland ibid.

I'he vacant Sees filled yj

Many promotions in the Church q6

^he Campaign in Flanders ibid.

Affairs at Sea yg

Sthe Campaign in Ireland ibid.

Athlone taken 79

^be Battle of Aghrem . ibid.

1691

Limerick befieged 80

^he Irilh capitulate 8i

^he War there at an end ibid.

Affairs in Hungary 8 a

I'he Maxims of the Court of Vienna ibid.

S'hs ft ate of the Empire 83

A Ninth EleSior created ibid.

Affairs in Savoy 84
I'he Ele6lor of Bavaria commanded ^ in

Flanders ibid.

A Seffion of Parliament in England 8 5

Jeahufies of the King ibid.

1692

Affairs in Scotland 87
^he Affair of Glencoe 8S
^he Earl of Marlborough difgraced 90
A breach between the ^ueen and the Prin-
ce fs pi
Ruflcl cGm}?ianded the Fleet 92
A Defceut in England deftgned by King
James ibid.
A great ViSiory at Sea near La Hogue 93
Not foUowed as it might have been 94
A defign to affaffinate the King 95
Gt&ndvsl fuffers for it, andccnfeffes it p6
Namur taken by the French ibid.
7'he Battle of Steenkirk 97
Affairs in Germany 98
And in Hungary 9^
And Piedmont 100
A great Earthquake ibid.
A great Corruption over Engliind 10 1
A Seffion of Parliament 10 a
Jeahufies of the Mini ft ry , 103

:t693

Complaints in Parliament 104
A Bill to exclude Members of the Houfe of

Commons from Places 105

Another for 'triennial Parliaments 106

A change in the Miniftry 107

Fa5iions formed againft the Court 109

Affairs in Flanders 1 10

And in the Empire _ i_i i

And in Piedmont ibid,

'the Battle of Landen i ^ ^

Charleroy taken by the French 113

Attempts for Peace ibid.

Our Affairs at Sea 1 » 4

A TABLE of the Contents. 731

SThe Turky IiJeet in great danger Page 1 1 5
Great Jealoufies of the Ktng's Mtnifiry

116
*tbe Jiate of the Clergy and Church 117
Affairs in Ireland 118

S'he Queen's ftriSinefSf and pious defigns

119
Affairs in Scotland 1 20

A Seffion of 'Parliament there ibid.

*tbe Earl of Middlctoun went to France

122
^he Duke of Anjou offered to the Spani-
ards 12;
^he Duke of Shrewsbury again made Se-
cretary of State ibid.
A Bank ereSled 124
S'be ConduSl of the Fleet examined i2j

1694

^be Government mifreprefented ibid.

^he BiJJ:)ops are heavily charged 126

Debates concerning Divorce ibid.

^be Campaign in Fl&nders 127

On the Rhine 128

And in Catalonia ibid.

Our Fleet lay at Cadiz 1 29

A defign on Camaree ibid.

It mi f carried ijo

S'he French Coaft hontharded 131

Affairs in Turky ibid.

Attempts for a Peace 132
A Seffion of Parliament in England ibid.
An A61 for triennial Parliaments 133

Si!?* ^een's Adminifiration ibid.

Arcbbijhop Tillotfon'j Death 134

Sancroft'j Death 135

Tennifon fucceeded 136

^he ^een's Sicknefs ibid.

And Death 138

BOOK VI.

Of the Reign of King
fFil/iam III.

1695

THE Proceedings in Parliament
^he ill ftate^ the Coin
A Bill concerning Trials for ^reafon
trials in Lancalhire
Complaints of the Bank
Enquiries into corrupt PraSlices
And into Prefents made by the Eaft-India
Company 145

Confultations about the Coin 147

Confultations amongfi the Jacobites 148
A defign to affaffinate the King ibid.

139

140

141

ibid.

144

ibid.

A Government in the King's abfence

Page 149
The Death of fame Lords ibid.

^he Lords Jufiices^ who 1 50

^he Campatgn in Flanders ibid.

^he Siege of Namur ibid.

Bruflcls bombarded by the French jj»
Namur taken by King VVilliam ibid.
Cafal was furrender'd 1J4

Affairs at Sea ibid.

The Loffes of our Merchants 1 75

Affairs in Hungary 156

A Parliament in Scotland ibid.

The Bufinefs of Glencoc examined i^-j
An A£l there for a New Company 158
Affairs in Ireland 1 59

A new Parliament called in "Englind 160
The Jiate of the Coin verified 16 1

An A£i for Trials in Cafes of freafon

ibid.
A£is concerning Ele6lions to Parliament

ibid.
Complaints of the Scotch A^ 162

Scotland much fet on fupporting it ibid.
A Motion for a Council of Trade idj
A Confpiracy dif covered 164

Of affaffinating the King 165

And to invade the Kingdom 166

i6g6

Many of the Confpirators feized on \6j
fhe defign of the Invajion broken i6i

Porter difccvered all 169

Both Houfes of Parliament enter into a
Voluntary AJfociation ibid.

A Fund granted on a Land Bank 1 70
Charnock and others tried and executed

171
King James was not acquitted by them

172
Friend and Perkins tried and fuffered

ibid.
^ey had publick Abfolution given them

Other Confpirators tried and executed ibid.
Cook tried for the Invajion ibid.

The Campaign beyond Sea feebly carried

on

A Peace in Piedmont

Affairs in Hungary

Affairs at Sea

Affairs in Scotland

A Treaty of Peace fet o» foot

French
A Seffion of Parliamtnt in England
Fenwick'jt bujinefs
Many delays in it
Practices upon the ffitneffes
A Bill of Attainder againfi Fen wick
Keafons againft it
Keafons for the Bill

175
175

178

ibid.

179
by the

ibid.
180
181
183

ibid.
184

ibid.
i8j

£i&#

73S A T A B LE of the Contents.

1697

the mpaft Page 190

Pracfices agaitift the Duke of Shrewsbury

ibid.
Fenwick'j Execution 193

affairs in Flanders ibid.

Barcelona taken by the French 194

A French Squadron in the Weft-Indies

;'. tsk I- 15)5
the King of VoXindi's Death 196

the EleSlor of Saxony chofen King of
Poland ibid.

the Ciar traveled to Holland and Eng-
• land 197

the Prince of Conti failed to Dantzick

198
the treaty at Ryfwick 199

the King of Sweden 'j Death ibid.

His Son is Mediator at the treaty 0/ Ryf-
wick ibid.
tht Peace made, and the treaty figned

201
Kefle^ions on the Peace 202

the Turks Army in Hungary routed 203
the Peace of Carlowitz 204

the Duration of the Turkifli Wars ibid.
the King came back to England 205

Confutations about a fianding Army

ibid.
the matter argued on both fides 206

A Sefjlon of Parliament ibid.

A fmaU Force kept up 207

1698

the Earl of Sunderland retired from hufi-
nefs ibid.

the Civil Lift fettled on the King for
Life .298

A new Eaft-India Company ibid.

tie fVhigs lofe their credit in the Nation

209
the King of Spain'j ill ftate of Health

210
the Duke of Glocefter put in a method of
Education ibid.

the progrefs of Socinianifm 211

Different Explanations of the trinity 212
Dr. Sherlock left the Jacobites ibid.

Dr. South •wrote againft him 213

the King's Injun^ions filence thofe Dif-
putes 214

Divifions amsngft the Clergy 215

Divifions amongft the Papifts ibid.

the Scotch fettle at Darien ■ 216

Gre.it Difp'utes about it 217

the prefent Mini fry' s good ConduSi 218
A neiv Parliament ibid.

the Forces much diminiflied ibid.

A Party oppofed the King with great bit-
ter nefs 21^

1699

A Debate concerning Grants of Irilh E^^
fates Page 2 23

the Czar of Mufcovy in England 221
the Affairs of Poland 22a

And Sweden 22 j

A treaty for the Succeffibn to the Crown
of Spain ibid.

the Earl of Albemarle'^ favour 224

the Death of the Duke of Bolton. 225
And of Sir Jofiah Child ibid.

the Archbifiop of Cambray'j Book is con-
demned ibid-
the Bijhop of St. David'j deprived for Si-
mony 2 26
I publijhed an Expofition of the thirty
nine Articles 227
the growth of Popery 2:8
An A5i againft Papifts ibid.
Affairs in Holftein 230
A War raifed againft the King of Swe-
den ibid.
the King of Poland'j Defigns 23 1
the Partition treaty ibid.
the Affairs of Scotland 233
Great difcontent tipoff the lofs of Darien

234
A Sefjion of Parliament 23 5

A Complaint made of fome Pirates 23d

1700
Debates concerning forfeited Eftates in Ire-
land 237
An A61 vefting them in truftees 238
A change in the Miniftry 241
Lord Somers is turned out 242
A Fleet fent to the Sound 24}
Peace between Denmark and Sweden 244
Cenfures paft on the Partition treaty 245
the Death cf the Duke c/Glocefter ibid.
the temper of the Nation 247
Divifions among the Diffenters ibid.
And among the ^takers 248
A Divifion in the Church 249
Debates concerning the Bifhop cf St. Da-
vid'j 250
the Death of the King of Spain 251
Clement XI. chcfen Pope ibid.
the King of Spain'j Wtll is accepted 252
the Duke o/Anjou declared King 0/ Spain

ibid.
A new Parliament fummoned 25 ^

the end of the Century ibid.

A new Miniftry 2 54

the King of SwedenV glorious Campaign

2^6

17OI
Great apprehenfions of the danger Europe
was now in 257

A

A Table of the Contents. 733

A Party for France in the Parliament

Page 257

Partiality in judging EleSiions 258

^be Partition 'treaty charged in the Houfe

of Lords 2J9

9'hc Lords, advifed with in it^ oppofed it

2<Jl

An Addrefs to the King about it 261
Memorials fent from the States ibid.

A deftgn to impeach the former Miniflry

264
they are impeached 265

the Lord Somers heard by the Houfe of
Commons 266

Contrary Addrcffes of the two Houfes 267
The King owns the King of Spain 268
Negotiations in fever al places 269

An A^ declaring a Proteftant Sacceffor

2 JO

An ASl explaining Privilege 271

Proceedings upon the Impeachments 27a
A^d firfi the Articles againfi the Earl of
Grford ibid.

the Earl of OrfordV Anfwer 273

Articles of Impeachment againfi Lord So-
mers ibid.
L*rd Soraers'j Anfwer ibid.
Articles of Impeachment againfi Lord Ha-
liftx 274
Lord Halifax*^ Anfwer ibid.
the Proceedings of Parliament much cen-
fured 275
the Kcntilh Petition ibid.
Meffages pafi between the two Houfes 27^
the Lords tried and acquitted 279
A Convocation of the Clergy met 280
they difpute the Archbifhop's Power of ad-
journing them 282
And complain of my Expojition 284
the King was fiill Keferved 28 J
Prince Eugene marched into Italy ibid.
His Attempt upon Cremona 287
King Philip at Barcelona ibid;
the War in Poland 288
Several Negotiations 28^
A Parliament in Scotland 290
Affairs in Ireland ibid.
King James'5 Death 291
His CbaraSfer 292
the pretended Prince of Wales owned King
of England by the French Court 293
the Englifh Nation inflamed at it 294
A new Parliament called 29 j
the King's lafi Speech ibid.
AU were for a War 296
the pretended Prince of Wales attainted

ibid.
An ASt for abjuring Him 297

Affairs in Ireland 299

1702
the King's lUnefs and Fall from his Horfe

301
Vol. n. .

His Death
Hts Charaiftir

Page 30J

BOOK VII.

Of the Reign of Queen y^nne.

QUeen Anne fucceeds 309

Her firfi Speech to the Privy Coun-
cil ibid.
She purfues the Alliance and the War

310
A Bill for the Publick Accounts 311

A Minifiry formed 312

Few refufed the Abjuration Oath 3 14

the Union of both Kingdoms propofei

the War with France proclaimed ibid.
A falfe Report of Defigns againfi th$

J^een ibid,

the Parliament is diffohed 317

A Convocation fate ibid.

Societies for Reformation ibid.

Affairs in Scotland 3 ip

A Sefpon of Parliament there 321

Affairs in Germany ibid,

the War in Poland 222

A treaty with the Houfe of Bavaria

ibid.

the Siege 0/ Keiferwaert 3JJ

the Siege of Landaw ibid.

Keiferwaert taken 324,

the Earl of Marlborough commands the

Confederate Army ibid.

Is taken by a Party of the French, but gets

out of their hands ^26

Landaw was taken 327

the Elector 0/ Bavaria declares for France

ibid.

the War in Italy ibid.

King Philip went to Italy 3 28

Affairs in Poland 3 j^

An InfurreSlion in the Cevcnnes ibid.
the Englifli Fleet fent to Cadiz 3 30

they landed and robbed St. Maries 331
the Galleons put in at Vigo 332

But are burnt or taken by the Englifli

ibid.
the Englifh F7eet came borne 335

A new Parliament ibid.

Great Partiality in judging Ele£f ions 334
AU the Supply agreed to 3 j j

A Bill againfi Occafional Conformity 335
Great Debates about it ibid.

the two Houfes difagreeing, the Bill was
iofi 338

A Bill in favour of Prince George ibid.

9\

Debates

734 ^ TABLE of the Content 5.

Debates on a Claufe that -was in it

Page 339
A further fecmity to the Protejlant Suc-

ceffion 34°

S!he Earl of Rochefter laii down his Em-

floyment ibid.

Rook'j condiiSf examined and juftified

341

S'he Enquiry made into the Puhlick Ac-
counts 34^
^he clamour kept up againft the former
Keign ibid.
Is examined hy the Lordsy and found to be
ill-grounded 343
Some new Peers made 344
^he proceedings in Convocation 345
Great diftraSiions among the Clergy 347

1703
Preparations for the Campaign 347

Bonne taken 34^

Earthquakes in Italy ibid.

^he Battle of Eckeren ibid.

Huy, Limburgh, and Guelder, with all
the Coudras taken 3'\9

^be fuccefs of the French on the Danube

ibid.
Little done in Italy 3 5°

A War begun in Hungary ibid.

Diforders in the Emperor's Court ibid.
Augsburg and Landaw taken by the French

.351
A treaty with the King of Portugal ibid.
i'he high Wind in November 3 53

^e new King of Spain came to England

.3 54
He landed at Lisbon ibid.

^be Duke of Savoy came into the Alliance

355

3lie fecret reafons of his former departure

from it ibid.

^he French difcover his intentions, and

make all his 'Troops with them Prifoners

of War ,356

Count Staremberg joined him ibid.

The InfurreSiion in the Cevennes continued

ibid.

The Affairs of Voland 3 57

Affairs at Sea 3 58
A Fleet fent into the Mediterranean ibid.

Another to the Weft-Indies 3 59

They returned without fuccefs ibid.

Our Fleets were ill-viSiualled ibid.

The Affairs of Scotland _ 3 fo

Presbytery ii^as confirmed ibid.

Debates concerning the Succeffion to that

Crown [357]

Pra6f ices from France ^35811

A difcovery made of thefe [ibid.]
Reflexions on the condu£i of Affairs in

Scotland [359^

The Affairs of Itd&nd h6o}

An A£i paft there againft Popery Page %6i
Jealoufies of the Mtniftry 362

A Bill againft Occafional Conformity ^6j
Paft by the Houfe of Commons ibid.

But rejeSled by the Lords ibid.

The Clergy out of humour 354

The Commons vote all the necejfary Sup-
plies ibid.
Enquiries into the conduSi of the Fleet

The Earl o/Orford'j Accounts juftified

ibid.

1704

A Bill for examining the Publick Accounts^
loft between the two Houfes 366

A Difpute concerning Injuftice in the E-
leiltons of a Member of Parliament for
Aylesbury ibid.

The Lords judge that the Right to eleSi^
is a Right triable at Common Law 368

The ^ueen gave the Tenths and Firft-
Fruits for an Augmentation to poor Liv-
ings 3^9

An Ail paft about it 37*

A Plot difcovered ibid.

Difputes between the two Houfes in Ad-
drejfes to the ^een 3 73

The Lords order a fecret Examination of
all That are fufpeSied to be in the Plot

375
The Lords Opinion upon the whole Matter

378
An Addrefs juftifying their Proceeding

ibid.
An Aii for Recruits ibid.

An Addrefs concerning Juftices of Peace

319
The ill temper of many of the Clergy ibid.
The Duke of Marlborough went to Hol-
land in the Winter 380
The Earl of Nottingham quits his Em-
ployment 381
The Earl of Jerfey and Sir Edward Sei-
mour are turned out ibid.
The Duke of Marlborough conduced his
Defign with great fecrecy ibid.
He marches to the Danube 381
The Battle of Schellenberg ibid.
The Battle of Hockfted or Blenheim 384
The Duke of Marlborough advanced to
Triers 3^^
Affairs at Sea 3^7
Gibraltar was taken 38^
The Affairs of Portugal 3^9
A Fight at Sea 39<^
The Siege of Gibraltar by the French 391
Affairs in Italy 39*
And in the Cevennes ibid.
Affairs in Hungary 393
The Affairs of Poland 394

Tl:t

A TABL£ of the Contents. 735

^be Pope wboUy in the French Intereft

Page 3PJ
*the Affairs of Scotland ibid.

Debates about the Succeffion 191

*the fettling it put off for that SeJJion

ibid.
A Money Bill with an odd ^ack to it

ibid.

A Parliament in England Page 428

A Speaker cbofen ibid.

Debates about the next Succeffsr 429

A BiU for a Regency on the Queen's
Death 43 1

Great oppofttion made to it 43 z

A fecrct Management in the Uoufe of Com-
mons 43 J

^e Minifters there aivife the ^cen to S'he Ad of Regency pajfed 434

pafs it 399 S'he Danger of the Cburcb enquired into

It was paffed . ibid. ibid.

Cenfures upon it ibid. A Vote and Addrefs to the ^ueen about

A Seffion of Parliament in England 401 /* '436

The Occafional BiU is again brought in,
and endeavoured to be tack'd to a Money
BiU 40 1

The Tack was rejected 402

Debates concerning Scotland ibid.

Complaints of the Admiralty 404

The BiU againft Occafional Conformity de-
bated and rejeded by the Lords 405
Bifhop Watfon'j Practices 406

Some Promotions in the Church ibid.

Defigns with relation to the EleStorefs of
Hanover 407

T'he Uoufe of Commons imprifon feme of
the Men of Aylesbury ibid.

3'be end of the Parliament 410

BiUs that were not pajfed 4 1 1

Proceedings in the Convocation 412

The Siege 0/ Gibraltar raifed 413

SHue Duke of Marlborough marched to
Triers ibid.

Expeding the Prince of Baden 414

l^ho failed him 41 5

3ll>e Duke of Marlborough broke through
the French Lines ibid.

97>e Dutch would not venture a Battle

ibid.
The Emperor Leopold^ Death and Cha-

4^0
ibid.
441

443
ibid.

444

raster

415

Affairs in Germany

417

And in Italy

418

Affairs in Spain

ibid.

A Fleet and Army fent to Spain

419

They landed near Barcelona

420

King Charles preffed to befiege it

ibid.

Fort Montjui attacked

421

And taken

422

Barcelona capitulated

ibid.

King Charles'j Letters

423

■^airs at Sea

The Siege of Badajos raifed by the

ibid.

French
ibid

Affairs in Hungary

424

And in Poland

ibid.

A Parliament chefen in England

42s

Cowper made Lord Keeper

425

An A£i for a Treaty of Union paffed in

Scotlana

427

The ftate of Ireland

ibid.

1706

Complaints of the Allies rcjedei ibid.
The A£i againft the Scots repealed 437
The Public k Credit very high 43 S

An ACl for the amendment of the Lava

439
Complaints of the progrefs of Popery
A Defign for a Publick Library
Proceedings in Convocation
Preparations for the Campaign
A Revolt in Valentia
Barcelona befieged by the French , , ,

Alcantara taken by the Earl of Galway

ibid.
The Germans are defeated in Italy 445
Ti>* ^rtaty for the Urtion of the tii:o King-
doms 4^6
The Siege of Barcelona raifed 44^
An Eclipfe of the Sun 448
The Earl of Galway advanced into Spain

ibid.

King Philip came to Madrid, and foon left

it ibid.

The Earl of Galway came thither, but

King Charles delay' A his coming too long

ibid.
The Battle of Ramellies 450

A great ViSlory gained there 451

Flanders and Brabant reduced ibid.

Oltend and Menin taken ibid.

The Duke of Vendomc commands in Flan-
ders
Dendermond and Aeth taken
Defigns of a Defcent in France
The Siege of Turin
Prince Eugene marches to raife it

452
ibid.

4J3
ibid.

454

The French Army routed, and the Siege
raifed 455

The King of Sweden marched into Saxony

The Treaty of Union concluded here ibid.
The Articles of the Union 458

Debated long in the Parliament of Scot-
land 45P

1707
At laft agreed to by both Parliaments

463

The

73^ A t A B L E oF the CoNTENf s.

^he Equroaknt difpofed of Page 455 'ithe Convoy from Oftend came fafe to th'i

Reflexions on the Union
S'be Supplies were granted
Proceedings in Convocation
Affairs in Italy
yind in Poland

467
46P
470
472

473

^he CbaraSier of the King of Sweden

474
Propofitions for a Peace ibid.

S['he Battle of Almanza 475

27;e Dcfign upon Toulon 476

Jt failed in the Execution 478

Sl'he Siege of Lerida ibid.

Relief fent to Spain 479

3'he Conqueft of Naples by the Emperor

480
Affairs on the Rhine 481

^he King of Pruffia judged Prince of
Neufehatel 48 2

^he King of Sweden gets the Protefiant
Churches in Silcfia rejiored 483

A Sedition in Hamburgh 484

^he Campaign in Flanders ibid.

Affairs at Sea 485

Proceedings "with relation to Scotland 486
A new Party at Court ibid.

Promotions in the Church 487

Complaints of the Admiralty 489

Examined by the Houfe of Lords 490

And laid before the ^ueen in /in Aidrefs

491
Inquiry into the Affairs 0/ Spain 492

1708
Difcvoery of a correfpondence with France

494
An examination into that correfpondence

496
Proceedings with relation to Scotland
A Defcent intended upon Scotland
A Fleet failed from Dunkirk
Reports fpread by the French

Camp Page 508

Leffinghen taken by the French ' ibid.

A mifunderftanding between the Duke of

Burgundy and Duke of Vendome 50^
Affairs on the Upper Rhine ibid.

1'he EleSlor of Bavaria fent to attack

Bruflels ibid.

^he Duke of Marlborough paft the Scheld

and the French Lines ibid.

T'he EleSlor of Bavaria drew off from BruA

fels

510
ibid.

511
ibid,
ibid.

512

497
499
500
501

^he Citadel of Lifle capitulated
Reflexions upon that Siege
Ghent and Bruges are retaken
A very hard IVinter
Sardinia and Minorca reduced
^he Pope threatens the Emperor with Cen-
fures and a War ibid,

'ithe Duke of Savoy takes Exiles and Fc-
neftrella 513

'the Pope is forced tofubmit to the Empe-
ror 514

And acknowledges King Charles ibid.

Affairs in Hungary ibid.

And in Poland ibid.

Affairs at Sea ibid.

Prince George'j Death and CharaSier 5 1 j

Some new Minifters taken in J 1 5

the new Parliament opened ibid.

1709

Debates concerning the Ele£iion of Scotch
Peers 51-7

A Scotch Peer created a Peer of Great
Britain, is to have no vote in the Elec-
tion there 518

Other exceptions were determined ibid.

A FaSiion amongft the Scots 519

An A6i concerning trials of treafons in
Scotland, and on what occajion ibid.

the heads of that ACf 520

the Parliament ftands firmly by the ^een the forms of proceeding in Scotland j 2 1

502 Of the Forfeitures in Cafes of treafon

the French Fleet got again into Dunkirk

ibid.

the defigns of the Campaign are concerted

503

Amendments to the A£i
Jt paft in both Houfes
An Ali of Grace

522

ibid.
524

the Princes of France fent to the Army in An enlargement of the Fund of the Bank
Flanders ibid. ibid.

the Duke of Orleans fent to Spain 504
Tortofa befieged and taken ibid.

Supplies fent from Italy ?o Spain ibid.
Ghent and Bruges taken by the French

ibid.
the Battle of Oudenarde 505

Lifle befieged 506

Great riches come te Portugal from Ame-
rica ibid.

An Ali for a general naturalization of all
foreign Proteftants ibid.

An Addrefs to the ^ueen concerning the
terms on which aPeace might be made

5^5

^he French drew Lines along the Scheld the Convocation prorogued ibid.

507 A FaSlion amongft the Clergy in Ireland

A new Supply fent to O^mA ibid. 5*5

A defeat given the French when they were An ill-temper amongft the Engliih Clergy

three to one ibid. ^^^'^

Ni'

A TABLE of the Contents.

737

Negotiations for Peace Page 5 16

y*/;e Preliminaries agreed upon 528

STke King of France refufes to ratify them

519
3'he IfW went on 530

Jn Portugal 531

In Spain ibid.

Jn Dauphiny ibid.

Jn Germany ibid.

yInH in Flinders 532

Tournay is befieged and taken ibid.

^be Rattle of Blarcignics 533

Mons is befieged and taken ibid.

jiffdirs in Italy ibid.

Affiirs in Spain ibid.

'the King of Swcden'j Defeat at Piihowa

He flies into Tiirky ibid.

His Charatler by Dr. Robinfon 535

Affairs in Denmark 536

Our Fleet "well conducted 537

A Seffion of Parliament ibid.

Sachevcrell J Sermon ibid.

Many Books wrote againji the ^teen's
7'itle 538

Dr. HoadlyV Ifritings in Defence of it

ibid.

17TO
Sacheverell was impeached by the Houfe of
Commons 539

And tried in Wcftminfter Hall 540

Great Diforders at that time 542

yVje Continuation of the I'rial 543

Sir John Holt'j Death and Charagfer

ibid.
Parker made Lord Chief Juftice ibid.
Debates in the Houfe of Lords after the
^rial ibid.

He is cenfured very gently 545

Addreffes againft the Parliament ibid.
SThe Queen's Speech at the end of the Sef-
fion *--^' 546
7'he Duke 0/ Shrewsbury made Lord Cham-
berlain ibid.
STl^e Author's free Difcourfe to the ^ueen

547
Doway is bejieged and taken 548

^he Hifory continued to the Peace ibid.
Negotiations for a Peace ' 549

S7;« Conferences at Gertruydenburgh 551
All came to no Cvnclafion 55*

A change of the Miniftry in England ibid.
Sachevtrell'j progrefs into \Waks J53

S'he Conduit in EleSitons to Parliament

5 5,4
A finking of Publick Credit 5 5 5

^he Affairs in Spain ibid.

^ke Battle of Almanara ibid.

King Charles is a? Madrid 556

STis Battle of Villa Viciofa ibid.

^be Difgrace of the Duke of Medina Celt

Page 5J7
Bcthunc and Aire taken in Flanders

ibid.
Affairs in the North ibid.

Jbe new Parliament opened ibid.

I7II

77}e ConduSi in Spain cenfured by tie

Lords 558

The Jlrange IVay of proceeding therein

Some Abtifes in the Navy cenfured by the
Houfe of Commons ibid.

Supplies given for the IVar jtfj

I'ke Duke of Marlborough commands the
Army in Flanders ibid.

Complaints of t,be Favour fhewn the Pala-
tines 564

A Bin to repeal the general Naturaliza-
tion Alfy is rejetfed by the Lords

5<55
A Bill for qualifying Members puffed

ibid.
An A6i for importing French IVine ibid.
An Attempt on Harlcy hy Guifcard ^66
A Defign againft King William'jr Grants
mifcarries 557

Inquiries into the Publick Accounts ibid.
^e Dauphin and the Emperor's Death

568
IVar breaking out between the Turk and
the Czar 5<jp

The Convocation met ibid.

Exceptions to the Licence fent them 570
A new Licence ibid*

A Reprefentation of the Lower Houfe ibid.
Whifton revives Arianifra 571

The different Opinion of the Judges as to
the Power of the Convocation J72

WhiftonV Dolfrines condemned 575

An A£l for the South- Sea Trade 574

KefleSlions on the old Miniftry cleared

ibid.
Affairs in Spain ibid.

King Char\e$ is elefied Emperor 575

The Duke o/Marlborough paffedthe French
Lives 5 75

He befieged Bouchain, and took it ibid.
An Expedition by Sea to Canada 577

It mifcarries J78

Affairs in Turky ibid.

And in Pomerania ^-jg

Harlcy made an Earl^ and Lord Treafu-
rer ibid.

Negotiations for a Peace with France 580
Preliminaries offered by France ibid.

Count Gallas fent away in Difgrace 581
Earl of Strafford fent Ambaffador to Hol-
land ibid.
Many Libels againft the Allies ibid.

Vol. II.

B

Earl

738

A TABLE of the Contents.

Earl Rivers fettt to Hanover, hut with-
out fuccefs Page 581

S'hc. States are forced to open a treaty

582

Endeavours ufed by the Court before they
opened the Parliament ibid.

?^i? Queen's Speech, and Reflexions on it

583

^he Earl of Nottingham moved, that no
Peace could be fafe, unlefs Spain and
the Well-Indies were taken from the
Houfe of Bourbon ibid.

His motion agreed to by the Lords in their
Addrefs to the ^teen 584

^he ^leeit's Anfwer ibid.

A Bill againft Occafional Conformity ibid.

Paft without oppofitioH 585

Duke Hamilton'^ Patent as a Britifh Peer

586

Examined, and judged againft him 587

^e Lord's Addrefs, that our Allies may
be carried along with us in the treaty

ibid.

Pretended dif cover ies of Bribery 588

S'he Duke of Marlborough aimed at ibid.

He is turned out of all bis Employments

ibid.

^Twelve new Peers made ibid.

171 2
^he ^cen's meffage to the Lords to ad-
journ, is difputed but obeyed 589
Prince Eugene came to England ibid.
His Charaeier ibid.
4 meffage from the ^een to both Houfes

A Bill giving precedence to the Houfe of
Hanover ibid.

A Debate concerning the Scotch Peers jpi
Walpole'j Cafe and Cenfure ibid.

i'he Cenfure put on the Duke 0/, Marlbo-
rough 592
Many Libels wrote againft him ibid.
His innocence appeared evidently 593
^he Scotch Lords pat in good hopes ibid.
A toleration of the Englifh Liturgy in
Scotland ^ -, , .i ; ■ 594
Defigns to provoke the Presbyterians there

[ ,p .y \ ibid.

Patronages are reftored 595

^he Barrier Treaty ibid.

It was complained of 597

And condemned by the Houfe of Commons

ibid.
^he States juftify them f elves J98

^he f elf- denying Bill is thrown out ibid.
^he treaty at Utrecht opened 599

^be death of the two Dauphines doo

^he Charaiier of the Dauphin ibid.

An indignation in both Houfes at the
French Propofals 601

Sthe demands of the Allies ibid.

Preparations for the Campaign Page 60 a

^he Pretender 'j Sifter died ibid.

Proceedings in the Convocation ibid.

fhe Cenfure on Whifton'j Book not con-
firmed by the ^een 603

An inclination in fome of the Clergy to-
wards Popery ibid-

Dodwell'j Notions 604

^he Bifhops condemn the rebaptizing Dif'
fenters do 5

But the Lower Houfe would not agree %vitb
them . ibid.

Great Supplies given for the War ibid-

^he Duke of Ormond ordered not to a6i
offenfively do 5

A feparate Peace difowned by the Lord
^reafurer ibid.

^he ^een, by the Bifhop of Briftol, de-
clares fhe is free from all Engagements
with the States do 7

'!the ^leen laid the Plan of the Peace be-
fore the Parliament do 8

Addrejfes of both Houfes upon it ibid.

^he end of the Sefjion of Parliament dop

l^he Duke of Ormond proclaims a Ceffa-
tion of Arms, and left Prince Eugene'*
Army ibid.

Quefnoy is taken ibid.

Landrecy befieged dio

A great lofs at Dcnaia brought a reverfc
on the Campaign ibid.

DiftraSfions at the Hague dii

SHoe renunciations of the Succeffion in Spain
and France d i *

Duke Hamilton and Lord Mohun hllei
in a Combat ibid.

'The Duke 0/ Shrewsbury is fent to France,
and Duke d* Aumont comes to England

dij

The Affairs in the North ibid.

The Emperor prepares for the War with
France ibid-

A new Barrier Treaty with the States

ibid.

The Earl of (iodolphin'j Death and Cha-
racter di4

The Duke 0/ Marlborough went to live
beyond Sea ibid.

We poffefs Dunkirk in a precarious man-
ner 61$

The Barrier Treaty figned ibid.

Seven Prorogations of Parliament 616

Affairs of Sweden ibid-

The King of Pruflla'j Death ibid.

The King of Sweden'^ Misfortunes 61 j
The Treaties of Peace figned, and the Sef-

fion of Parliament opened ibid.

The fubftance of the Treaties of Peace and

of Commerce 6i.%

Aids

A TABLE of the Contents

139

Aitls given by the Commons Page 6zi

Sl'be Scots oppofe their being charged with
the Duty on Malt ibid.

And move to have the Union dijfolved ibid.

A Bill for rendring the treaty of Com-
merce with France effeHual 6 12

A Speech prepared by the Author, when
the approbation of the "Peace came to be
moved in the Hotife of Lords daj

A demand for mortgaging part of the Ci-
vil Lift <Ji8

Keafons againft it ibid.

But it was granted ibid.

Ah Addrefs of both Houfes, that the Pre-
tender be removed from Lorrain dip

fhe Death of fame Bijhops ibid.

^be ^een's Speech at the end of the Sef.
fion : -(i w. 630

The CONCLUSION.

MT zeal for the Church of England
<J34
^he DoSlrine ibid.

^e H^orjhip ibid.

And Difcipline ibid.

My zeal againft Separation 6^$

And tendernefs towards fcrupulous Con-
fciences ibid.

My zeal againft Perfecution 6^6

My thoughts concerning the Clergy 637
An inward vocation <S38

^e function of the Clergy ibid.

My Advice to the Btftoops 642

An expedient concerning Ordinations 643
S'he Duties of a Bijhop. ^44

^heir abftraction from Courts and Intrigues

ibid.
Concerning Patrons <545

Non-refidence and Pluralities 6^6

Concerning the body of the People . 6^j
Of the Gentry 6^'&

Of the danger of loftng Publick Liberty

649
Errors in Education 651

And in Marriages 652

Of ^rade and Induftry ibid.

Of the Stage 653

Of educating the Femalt Sex ibid.

Of the Nobility ibid.

Of their Education 6^^

Of their Chaplains 6 5 5

Concerning the Two Houfes of Parliament

Of Elktions ibid.

Of the Parties of Whig and Tory 657

Sthe correction of our Laws 658

Provijlon for the Poor 659

Of fhorter Seffions of Parliament 660

An Addrefs to our Princes 661

An Exhortation to all to become truly reli-
gious Page 666

The author's LIFE.

HIS Birth and Parentage 6-ji

His Education 673

He is admitted into the Church 674

Kefufes a Prefentation to a Living ibid.
His Father's Death, and bis further pur-
fuit of bis Studies 6js

His firft Journey to England 6-j6

Delays accepting a good Benefice ibid..

His T'ravels into Holland and France 677
Is fettled as Minifter at Saltcun. llis
Conduct there ibid.

Much confulted by the Miniftry in Scotland

6-19
Is made Profeffor of Divinity at Glafcow

ibid.
His conduct in that ftation ibid.

Undertakes to write Memoirs of the two
Dukes of Hamilton 680

Kefufes a Bijboprick in Scotland 68 1
His Marriage with Lady Margaret Ken-
nedy ibid.
Kefufes a Biftjoprick, with the promife of
the firft Arcbbijboprick vacant in Scot-
land 68 z
His favour at Court ibid.
His breach with Duke Lauderdale 6Sj
He is forced to quit bis Profejforjbip at
Glafcow ibid.
Kefufes a good Benefice at London 684
Is made Chaplain at the Rolls, and Le£lu-
rer at St. Clements ibid.
iVrites the Hiftory of the Keformation 685
His Converfion of Wilmot Earl o/Rochef-
ter ibid.
Kefufes the Biftjoprick of Chichefter ibid.
His Letter to King Charles U. 686
His firm adherence to his Friends 689
Kefufes a Living on the terms of not refid-
ing there 691
How He avoided being involved in Plots

ibid.
He is difmifs'd from bis LeSfure, and
from the Rolls 692

His Travels beyond Sea ibid.

He is well received by the Prince and Prin-
cefs of Orange 693

King James infifts on bis being forbid that
Court ibid.

He is profecuted in Scotland and in Eng-
land for High T'reafon 69^
'The States refufe to deliver him up ibid.
Defigns to feize or murder him ibid.
His Marriage to Mrs. Mary Scott 69 5
His ConduSf at the Kevoiution ibid.
Declmes the offer of the Biftjoprick 0/ Dur-
ham 69^

740

A TABLE of the Content s;a

Is viaie Bifbop of Salisbury Page 696

His Services to, and Correfpondence with

the Hotife of Hanover 697

His Chara£ler as to Party Matters 699
His Labours in his Diocefe, and in the E-

pif copal FunSiion 705

Hts Univerfal 'Principle of toleration ex-
tends to Nonjurors 710
His Scheme for augmenting poor Livings in

his own Diocefe 7 1 2

His Scheme for augmenting all the poor

Livings in England ibid.

^he Death of ^ueen Mary, and of Arch-

bijhop Tillotfon 715

He is one of the Ecclefiaftical Commiffion

to recommend to Church Preferments ibid.
Js made Preceptor to the Duke of Glocef-

ter 716

IVhicb be endeavours to decline ibid.

His Marriage with Mrs. Berkeley Page 718

He writes an Expofition of the Thirty nine
Articles of the Church of England 7 1 9

His Diligence in bis Calling 'xihtljt in Lon-
don 720

Writes a Third Volume, as a Supplement to
fi^f Hiftory of the Reformation 721

His Domejiick CharaSler ibid.

His 'itime how employed ibid.

An affectionate Husband 722

His care of his Cbildrens Education ibid.

His firmnefs in his Friendjhips • ibid.

His Conduh to thofe in Employment under
him 723

His Charities ibid.

His Care of the Revenue of the See 724

His Death \b\d.

His CharaEler hy the late Mar qui fs 0/ Ha-
lifax 725

fA

^v

-^J^

A N

741

A N

INDEX

T O T H H

TWO VOLUMES OF THIS HISTORY.

The Roman Numbers direSi to the Volume^
The other Numbers to the Page of the Volume.

AbiRCORN, Earl of, I. 37.
Aberdeen, Earlof, I. 525. breakswith
^leensbury, 581. lofes the Chancellor's
place, 583.

Abingdon ,Earl of, goes to the Prince of Orange, I.
790. II. 314.

Act of Uniformity, I. 183, 184, 185, 191.
fining in Scotland, I. Z14.

Admiralty, their Conduft cenfured, II. 11 41
T15, 125, 195, 358, 359,360,404. See Sea-
Affairs.

AcHREM, Battle of, II. 79.

A I L E s n u R Y , Earl of, fent to King James in 1 695 .
11.148. ina Plot of Invafion, 173.

AiLESBURY, Town of, the right of elefting K?em-
bers is tried at Common Law, II. 366, 367. dif-
puted in the ^eetCi-Btnch if tryable, 367. judged
not, and Writ of Error brought in the Heufe of
Lords, ihid. they reverfe the Judgment, 367, 368,
369. other Aftions brought on the fame Caufe,
407. the Commons imprifon the Plaintiffs, 408.
Pnfoners brought up by Habeas Corpus to ^tens-
Bench and remanded, ibid. Writ of Error there-
upon, ibid. Commons addrefs the Queen not to
grant it, 409. Lords Counter-Addrefs, 409,410.

AiLoFFE, 1.633,633. executed, 634.

Aird, I. 293.

Albano cnofen Pope Clement XI. II. 251, 252.
See Pope.

Alba NO his Nephew, II. 533.

A L B E M A R I/E, Earl of, in favour with K. William
II. 224,241, 302, 30J, 306, 316. his lofs 2XSe-^
naiii, 610, 6l I .

Albert, Duke, I. 12.

Albeville, Marquis</(?, his'Charafler, I. 707.,
¥JingJames'& Envoy to the 5/a/f/, 709,710. his
Memorial a!)Out fi<j;.7nOT, 728. he difcovers King
James i Defigns too loon, 734, 768.

Aldrich, Cr. I. 674.
V»L. IJ.

Almanara, Battle of, II. 555.

ALMANZAt Battleof, II. 475.

Almi,rante o( Ca/lilt, II. 351, 352."

AMBituN, Siege ofi II. 100.

Amsterdam, Errors of, 1.330^331. their lovt
for the Duke of Marlborough, II. 416,

Ancram, Earl of, I. 19, 360.

Anglesey, Earl of, manages the EitgliU Intereft in
IreUnd, I. 176, 225. votes againil LotA Stafford,
492,571. oppofes MmmffK/A's Attainder, 641.

Anjou, Duke of, offered to Spain, II. 123. de-
clared King of Spain in 1700. 251, 252, 257.
owned by the States, ii^j. and by King William,
268. See Philip King of Spain.

Annandale, Earl of, ina Plot, 11. 62. difcoven it
to Queen Mary, 63, 359. oppofes the Union, 460.
is zealous for the Protellant SuccefCon, 426, 519.

Anne, Queen. See Queen Anne.

Annesley, Mr. 1.85. made Earl of .<^«|/^', 97.
See Anglesey, £a/l of

Anspach, Princefs of, 11.4^0.

Antrim, Earl of, 1.37,40,41.

Arco, II. 382.

Arcile, Earlof, 1.26,28. heads the Whiggamore
Infurreftion, 43 . rcfufes King Charles the firft's
offers, 57. fi^mits to Monk, 58. ouc of the
Scotch CotamiKiotxen, 61. chaigeJasacccfTary to
the King's Murder, 106. fent to the Tower, 122,
123. tries to cfcapc, 124. his Execution and
Speech there, 12;.
Argile, Earlof, his Son, (fee Lord Lorn) againft
violent proceedings, I. 211. railes 1500 Men,
£34, 245, 299, 419. the Duke of Tork tries to
gain hiiinci2. his Anl'wer» J13. offers to ex-
plain the "Jejl-Aft, 516,519. isimpriioned, {20.
condemned,' 521. butcfcapes, 522. cabaJswith
Monmouth, C39, 540, 541, 584. and inv.idcs 501/-
latiJ, 619,031. isdefcatca, taken and executed,
632.
Argile, Earl of, fent to tender the Crown of Sett-
laud in 1 689, II. 24, 62. made a Duke, 290.
9C Arcile,

742

INDEX.

AsoiLH, Dul«! of, his Son, commiflioner of Par-
liament, II. [35().]404» 4='^- his Innruftions de-
bated, 426, 5(3 is.fentto command in Spain, 574.

AnLiNCTON.barloJ; I. 99, 248, 265, 303. Knight
of fhe Garter, 307, 3 24. in the interells of Frame,

3*7> 337' 34^' 349- '"'^^ *'^^ Duke oiTork, 352,
162. attacked by the Commons, 365. Lord
Chamberlain, 366, 367. fent to Holland to tlie
Prince oi Orange, ■>,■]•], 378, 379, 593.

Armagh, Primate of, I. 654.

Armstrong, Sit Thomas, with the DukeofA/ow-
moiitb, I. 537, 547. feized at Ley Jen, fent over
and executed, 577, 578, 579.

Army, Scotch, defeated by Cromivel, I. 54. at-
tempts to raife a new Army in Scotland, 55. a
Body oi Highlanders ftand for the King, 58. their
chief Officers, 58,59,60. fend over Meflages to
the King, ibid, are difperfed, 6i . the EngUJh
Army how managed at the Reftoration, 86. dif-
banded, 161. Army on free quarters in the Weft
of Scotland, 418. the Army at Hounjlonv- Heath,
703. King yames's Army defert to the Prince of
Orange, 790. Parties engage at Dnrfetjhire and at
Reading, 798.

Army, Handing, odious to EngUJh Ears, II. 85,
Z06, 221. Reafons for and againft one, 206. re-
duced to 7000 Men, and how modelled, '221, 263.

Arnot, Rachel, I. 18.

Arragon, Kingdom of, declares for 'K..Charles\l\.
II. 449. reduced by the Duk» of Orleans, 475,

. 555.555.

Arran, Lord, 1.481,507,631,751.
Arundel, Lord, I. 395,430,492.
AsciLL, II. 248.

ASHBY, 1.467. 11.93,94.

Ashley Cowper, 1. 85. See ShaftesBwry,
Earl of.

Ash TON, feized with Lord Prejton, II. 69. exe-
cuted, 70. his Paper to the Sheriff, ibid.

Athlone, the Siege of, II- 79-

Athlone, Earl oi, {lee Ginkle) 11.220,239,
300, 323. his Conduft in Flanders extolled, 324,
325,326.

Athol, Marquefs of, I. 245, 299, 338, 340, 376,
400. fends Highlanders in the IVeJi to live on tree
quarter, 418, 419, 420, 433.

Athol, Marquefs of, II. [358,] [359] made a
Duke, 372,398. oppofes the Union, 460.

Atterbury, Dr. I. 674. 11.249,280,281,569,
573,602,603. is made Bifhop of i?of/j^fr, 629,
630.

AuBiCNY, Lord, in the Secret of King C/Jiar/^H's
Religion, I. 74. marries him to Queen Catherine,
1 74. feconds the Motion for a general Toleration,
193, 197, 615.

Augustus, King of Poland, II. 196, 197, 199.
{ See Eleftor of Saxony.) his Conduft in Poland,
222. his Alliances againft Siueden, 230. his De-
figns on Poland, 231 . The War there, 243, 244,
256, 322, 329. heisdepofed, 357, 358. Stanijlaus
ckofen and crowned in his room, 394, 424. he
defeats a Body oiSauedes, ibid, refigns the Throne,
473. the War continues, 514. he refumes the
Crown on the Kingof S'weden's defeat, 534.

AuMONT, Duke de, Ambaflador from trance, 11.
613.

Austria, Charles Archduke of, II . 23 z . a Treaty
with Portugal in his favour. See Charles III.
King of Spain.

AuvERQUERquE, General, his eminent fervicc in
Flanders, II. 78, 303, 382.

AzuPH taJtenby the Mufcovites, II. 178.

B

B

Aden, Levjis Prince of, beats the Turks, II. 82,
83. comes to England, 125, 128. befieges
Landau, 323. ?.nd takes it, 327. reipuKes Fillars
s.t Stolho^en, 348,349,350,382. takes Lan(/«« a
fecond time, 385, 386. Difappoints the Duke of
Marlborough after Meafures concerted, 414. his
Death, 47z.

its good

524. a-

>5;3-
175, 176.

B A I L L I E cited before the Coisncilin Scotland at\i fined,
I. 400, 433. confers with Moimiouth\ Party at Lon-
don, 540. feized and examined before the King,
548. imprifoned and cruelly ufed, 550, 569.
ftirther Proceedings againft him, 585, 586. his
Execution, 587.

Bal.mer iNOCH, Lord, his Trial, I. 22, 23, 24.
condemned, but pardoned, 25.

Bam FIELD, Colonel, I. 618.

Bask of England, when ereded, II. 124.
confequences, 1 25 . enlarged in 1 709,
gainft a change of Miniltry in 1710. 552

Bank, iaW, II. 170, 171. failed tot.illy,

Bantry Bay, Sea-fight there, 11. 20.

Bara, II. 496.

Barbesieux, Son to ioBoio//, n. 95.

Barcelona befieged by the Frffffi!>, II. 128. Siege
railed by the EngUJh Fleet, ibid, taken by the
French, 194. taken by King C;i«>-/fj in 1705, 422.
befieged by the French, 444. King Charles de-
fends it in perfon, 447. the Englijh Fleet raifes
the Siege, ibid.

Bareith, Marquis of, 11.99,472.

Barge NY, Lord, 1.515.

Barillon, 1.410,604,660,768.

Barlow, Bifhop, I. 436.

Barkevelt, I. 13, 15. executed, 316.

Bates, Dr. I. 259. II. 146.

Bath, Earl of, 1. 607. his Praftices on Carnijh
£le£lions, 625. offers to join the Prince of Or^TOTf,
788. makes fA'ffltoir/^ declare for him, 793.

Bavaria, Eleftor of, I. 13. Spanijh Flanders 'pxA
into his hand, II. 85. his Son propofed as Suc-
celTor to the Spanijh Monarchy, 223, 263. he is
gained by France, 289, 323, 327. diltreffes the
Empire, 327, 347, 348, 349, 356, 381 . his Troops
routed at Schellemberg, 382, 383. he is beaten at
Hockjled, 3 84, 3 8 5 . lofes all his Territories, 385.
his Conduft in Flanders, 413,414. his fhare at
the Battle oi RamelUes, 450, 453. commands on
the Rhine, 509. his attempt on 5r»^/t, 510. is
reftored to his Dominions, 616.

Baxter, Mr. Manager at the Sa<voy Conference.
I. 180. herefufes theBifhoprickofH£>-«/9ri/, 185.
at a Treaty for Comprehenfion, 259. returns the
Penfion fent him from the Court, 308.

Bayly, I. 34.

Beachy in Suffix, a Sea-fight near it, II. 52, 53.

Beaufort, Duke of, I. 591. II. 612.

Beaumont, Colonel, refiifes Irijh Recruits, I. 7*67.

Beddingfield, 1.425.

Bed LOW his Evidence in the Popifh Plot, I. 431,
446, 448, 449, 450, 464, 465, 467, 468, 488.

Belcarras, Earl of, I. 58, 59, 60.

Belhaven, Lord, I. 20.

Bellarmine, Cardinal, 1.8.

Bellasis, Lord, 1.430,432.

Bel las IS, Lady, her Contraft wWi the Duke of
Tori, I. 353.

Bellefonds, Marefchal, I. 303. his Charafter,
564.

Bennet, Secretary of State, 1. 99. Sec Arling-
ton, Earl of.

B E N T H I N K, Envoy from the States to Brandenburgh,
I. 757. his fecrecy in the expedition to England,
781, 799. made Earl of P«r//s»</, II. 5.

Berkley, Charles, xsia.de Eul oi Falmouth, I. 99.
his Charafter, ibid.

Berkley, Lord Lieutenant oi Ireland, I. 367,
348, 6i8.

Berkley, Lord, II. 553.

Berkley, Sir George, II. 16^. hzs King yames'a
Commiffion to attack the Prince of Orange in his

,r Winter Quarters, 165, 167. efcapes, 168.

Berkshire, Earl of, I. 148.

Berry, Duke of, II. 600.

Berry, L 445. executed, 446,447-

Berwick, Duke of, his Charader, I. 749. II. i6j»

166, 373, 376.390. 444.445' 448. 475. S3»-
Bethel,, Sherif, I. 480.
Beveridge, Dr. II. 318. i> nvuie Bifhop of 5/.

^/afk, 406, 464.

BfVNINC,

INDEX.

fieuNiNC, Fan, I. 47a.
Betons, Marefchal, II. 531, J 3-3 » 534-
BlERLY, II. 366.
BiNKs, Dr. II. 316.

Birch, Colonel, his CharaAer, I. 388,442.
Bishops, Englijh, their ConduA at the Re'volulion,
II. 6, 7. They engage in a corfefpondence with
St. Germaifis, 60, 71 . their Sees are filled up, 75.
the Charafter of the new Bifhops, 76, 118, i »6.
divided as to the point of the Duke of h'orjilk'i Di-
vorce, 127, 281, 282, 283, 284, 28J.
Bishops, Scotch, their Errors, I. 10, 26. Men
fought out to be Bifhops, 132, 133, 134. are
coniecratcd, 139. come to Scotland, 142. arc
introduced to the Parliament, 143. Prejudices a-
gainllthcm, 158,217. their Severity to Prifoners,
236, 237. are againft a Comprchenfion, 273. are
offended at the Act of Supremacy, 284,285. their
conduft at the Revolution, II. 23. is theciufeof
abolifhing Epifcopacy, ibid.
Blackelow, I. 194.

Blackhall, Dr. Biftiop of £xrtrr, II. 487.
Blair, his Charafter, I. 34.
Blair of Virginia , II. 119.
Blake, Admiral, I. 80.
Blakewood, his Trial, 1. 525.
Blandford, Biftiop, attends the Dutch efs of 7^;i

in her laft Sicknefs, I. 310.
Blareicnies, Battle of; II. 532, 533.
Blenheim, 01 Hockftcd, Battleof, 11.385,386.
Bohemia, affairs there, I. 13.
BoLiNCBROKE, Vifcount, fent to France, II. 611,

622.
Bolton. Duke of, II. 34. attacks the M. of //a//-
fax in Parliament, ibid, his death and charafter,
225.
BiNASTiNE, Bifhop, I 26.
Booth, SirGVorg?, I. 66.
Boots, a Torture ufed in .y«//a»y, 1.237.
Borel, hisanfwer toK.CA«r/«II. 1.81,324,325.
BoKGUESE, Prince, I. 662.
Boucher, in a Plot, H- 373> 374. 375. 376.
BeucouR, Mr. I. 757.

fiouFLERs, Marefchal, II. 150. his Defence of
Namur, 1 50, 1 5 2, 1 5 3 . his Negotiation with Lord
P#r//3»i/ concerning K.James, 200, 201. com-
mands in TIanders, 3 23, 3 24. his Conduft in 1 703
cenfured, 348, 349. his Defence of Lijle, 5 1 0,5 1 1 .
"his Retreat after the Battle of Mons, 533 .
BouRDALou, Father, hisChatafter, 1. 566.
Box refufes to be Sheriff, 1.529.
Bo T L E, Earl of Coric, I. 3 1 3 . his account how the

Sfanijh Armada was delayed, ibid.
Bdyle, Mr. Robert, of the Royal Society, 1. 193.
Boyle, Mr. Secreury of State, II. 496. is dif-

mil's'd, 553.
Boyne, the Battle of, II. 51.
Bowles, Sir John, 11.271.

Bkaidalbin, Earl of, fends 1 70x5 Highlanden in-
to the Weft of Scot/and to live on free Quarter, I.
418. his Condutt in the affair of G/encoe, II. 88,

157-
B R A D D o N , fined for talking of Lord EJix^s jnorder,

1. 570.
Br ADS HAW, the Regicide, I. 46.
Brands nbi;rch, Hleflorof, 1.15,332,342,367.

his death and charafter, 746, 747, 748.
Brand F. nBurgh.E leftor of, takes Kei/emvaert and

Bonne, II. 28. joins the Dutch in Flanders, 52,

198, 230, 243. is K\ng of Pruffia i feePRussiA.
"BRANDON, Lord, 1.646.
Brayir, Father, I. 566.
Breriton, Lord, Chairman of the Committee at

Brook- Ho ufi, I. 267.

Brett, Dr. II. 603.

Bridcmam, Lord Keeper, 1.226,253. foraCom-

prehtnfion, 259. .and Union with Scotland, 280.

refufes to fcal a Declaration for Toleration, and is

diimifs'd, 307.
Brihuega, the lofs there, II. 556.
Bristol, Earl of, his charafler, 1. 100. confults

with thel'apirts for a general Toleratioi^ 193, 195.

aPrediflionofhit, 196. heitttckithc&.of CZ«-
rendtn, ibid. 4^4, 61 5, 79 Z.

BruoIRICK, i\x Allen, 1^74,194.

Bromley, Mr. ftands for Speaker, and k>fe) it, II,
418,429,488. is chofen Speaker in 1710, 558.

Brounkcr, Lord, of the Royal Society^ 1. 192.

Brounker, I. 119.

Brown, Lady, I-^Q4-

Bruce, his fecret Management for Kiagyomo I.
I. 8, 9.

Bruce, Bi(hop of Duwi^/i, turned out for fpeaking
againllthe repeal of the penal Laws, I.C81.

Bruce, a Puritan, I. 18.

Bruce, Sir Alexander, II. 321.

Brunswick, II. 244. SeeHANOvm.

Brussels, tMmbarded, II. 152.

Buckingham, Duke of, 1.17,19, 20,48.

Buckingham, Duke of, in &vour with King
Charlesll. I. 52. his character, ibid. 100. pro-
motes IVilkini to the See of Chefler, 253. prefles
the King to own a Marriage with Manmoutb'i, Mo-
ther, 260. propofes to Ileal away the Queen, 262.
brings Z^ai/jV; and Givy»n to the King, 263. hif
friends, 265. moves for diffolving the Parliament,
279. is for an Union with Scotland, 280. and aa
Alliance with France, 300, 303, 323, 327. hinders
Offoryi defign on Helvoetjluyi, 334. fends over a
French Miftrefs to the King, 337, 345, 346. offers
to take out of both houfes tnofe that oppofed the

745

King's Declaration, 340, 360. is attacked by the
Commons, 365. lofes the King's fevour,/W. op-
pofes theTeft-Aft, 384, 388. queftions the Lega-
lity of Prorogations, 40 1 . feat to the 'Tower, 402.
Buckingham, [Sheffield) Dukeof, (fee Norm an-
by) II. 314. is made Privy Seal to Queen .(/»«,
ibid. 315,491. and Lord Steward of the Hou(hoId«

S53> 561-

Bull, Dr. made Bilhop of St. David'/, II. 406.

Bullion, Dukeof, I. 13.

Burgundy, Dukeof, II. 176. marries the Duke
of Savoy's Daughter, ibid. 253. heads the Fttncb
Army in Flanders, 323,324. Xakcs Brifack, 350.
commands in Flanders in 1 708, 50 j, 509. quar-
rels with the Duke of Vendome, 530. is Dauphin
by his Father's Death, 568. See Dauphin.

Burnet made Archbiihop of Gla&ew, I. 206. hit
Character, 207. fevere to Prifoners, 236, 237.
Propofes a fpecial Council at Clajgeiu, 240, 243,
247, 278. againft the Indulgence, 283. refigns
his Archbilhoprick, 286. is refiorcd to it, 374.
his Death, 590.

Burnet, Gilbert (the Author] lays fome grievancw
of the Clergy before the Bifiiops, I. 217. gets
fome moderate Prefbyteriam into the vacant
Churches, 280. chofen Divinity-Profeffor at Gla/-
govu, 287. is at a conference with the Prefljyte-
rians, 295, 296, 297. writes Memoirs of the two
"Dxikesoi Hamilton, 298. reconciles the Dukes of
Hamilton and Lauderdale, 299. propofes a further
Indulgence, 300. refufes a Bilhoprick, ibid, tc-
fafes it with the promife of the firft vacant Archbi-
lhoprick, 339. obtains a farther Indulgence, 34rt
his remonltrances to Duke Lauderdale, 355. has
many marks of the King's favour, 356. attacks
the D. of 2^ri about his Religion, 357. introdu-
ces Dr. Stillingpet to him. 358, 359, 360. the
Duke's private Difcourfe, 361. Lauderdale ^ts-
fecutes him, 362. he is dilgraced at Court, 371,
372, 373. examined by the Houfe of Commons,
379. IS made Chaplain at the Ralls, 380. his
Conference with Coleman, 395. undertakes to
write the Hijlory of the Reformation, 395, 396.
what paft between him and 'longe and Gates, 427^
428, 429. his Opinion of the Witneffes, 433«
434. his private Interviews with the King, 43A,
437, 438, 439. his Thoughts on the Exdufion,
459. his expedient of a Prince Regent, 406. he
lives retired, 499, 500. his letter to the King a-
bout his courfe of Life, ccr. his Reception alter-
wards, 508. his good Offices to the Earl of Ar-
He, 520, 522. examined in Council concerning
ord Rujit% Speech, 56J, goes over to France,

i

744

INDEX.

- 564. his Charailer of fome eminent Men there,
564,565,566,567. depofes againft Lord //»<u'«r</'s
Credit, 571. turned out of all his Preferments,

,^g6. goes out of £»f/a«/, 628. reildcs at /"am,

"'• 65 c. his account of the Perfecutidn in FiiKce, 655,
656, 657, 658, 659, 660. well received at Rome,
661 . Cardinal Hoivai-iTs freedom with him, 662.
the cruelty he faw in Orange, 663. his obferva-
. tion on the reformed Churches, 686, 687, 688.
is invited to the Prince and Princefs of O'awff, 688.
difcovers a Confpiracy againft the Prince, 689.
his Charafter of the Prince and Princefs, 689, 690.
much employed and trufted by them, 691. puts
the Princefs on declaring what (hare the Prince may
exped in the Government, 692. forbid their
Court ia appearance at King James'i inftance, 708.
is more trulled, ibid, draws Dyckvelth private In-
ftruftions when fent AmbalTador to En{lanJ, 708,
709, 725. isprofecuted in 5fo//(7»(/fbr HighTrea-
ibn, 726. naturalized at the Hague, ibid. Albe-
niille demands him to be delivered up or banifli'd,
728. the States anfwer, 729. other dtfigns on
liis Life, 730. acquaints the Houfe of Hamver

' with the Prince of Orange's defign, and intimates
the probability of an Entail on that Family, 757.
goes with the Prince of Orange as his Chaplain,
776. what paft between the Prince and him at
landing, 779. draws up an Aflbciation at Exeter,
793. his Conference with the Marquifs of Hali-
fax concerning King James, 794, 799. protefts
the Papijis and Jacobite at London from infults, 802 .
oppofes Benthink in behalf of the Princefs of Orange,
818. declares her Sentiments, 821. is made Bi-
Ihop of Salisbury, II. 8. oppofes the impofing the
Oaths on the Clergy, 8, g. for the Toleration,
10. for leaving the Comprehenfion to the Convo-
cation, ibid, by ' King William's order moves the
naming tlie Dutchefs of Hano-ver in the Succeffion,
15. enters into a Correfpondence with her, 16.
taidcavours to prefefve Epilcopacy in Scotland, 23 ,
76. Lojd Mf/'i'// cxclucfes him from meddling in
Scotch Affairs, ibiJ. his {hare in the Scheme tor a
Comprehenfion, 30, 31 . King Williams free dif-
Coiirie to him about the civil Lift, 35. Montgome-
>/s Plot difcovered to him, 37. his reply to King
William when the civil Lilt was granted only for
Years, 43. diffuades the Duke of Shrenusbury
fro'm refigning, 45.' King William's difcourfe to
him before he went to Ireland, 46. he is reflefled
upon by both Parties, 1 1 8. is for erefling the
Bank 6f England,' 1 24. his friendfliip with Arch-
bifhop Tillotfon, 135. attends Queen Mary in her
laft Sicknefs, 137,138. fpeaks tor the Bill of at-
tainder agaihft Sir yoi^ Ffa'u./f/f, 193. does him
private fervices, ibid, is made Prxceptor to the
Duke of G/oaf«^?/-againfl: his will, 310,211. his
Charafter of the Czar of MufcovyaaA Converfaiion
with him, 221. he publifhes an Expojition of the
thirty nine Articles, 226, 227. a motion to re-
move him from the Duke of Gloucejler rejefted in
the Houfe of Commons by a great Majority, 237.
his Conduft in that Prince's Education, 245, 246.
the lower Houfe of Convocation cenfure his Expo-
Jtliott, 284,285. but refufe to point out their Ob-
jeftions, 285. ' he attends King William in his laft
Sicknefs, '362, 303. his Charafter of that Prince,
304. he oppofes a Claufe in the Bill for Prince
George of Denmark, 339. his Zeal agair.ft the oc-
cafional Bill, 338,364. his Scheme for augment-
ing the poor Livings in England takes effeft, 370,
371. he argues for the t/wow, 464. his Reflec-
tions on it, 467,468. he propofes that forfeitures
inTfeafonlhall not affedl thePofterity, 522. argues
^iinU Sacheverell, 543,544. fpeaks freely to the
Cjaeen, 547. -reafons for continuing his Hiftory
'beyond ixs. firft intended Period, 548, 549. his
juftification of the old Miniftryi. 574. he fpeaks
freely to the Queeji agaipil the Peace, 582,583.
his fentinients as to cenfdring /Wiz/Ws Tenets in
Convocation, 603. a fpee«;h prepared by him in
cafe the Miniftry had moved for an Approbation of
the Pealce, 623, 624, 645, 626^ 627, 628.

Burton, I. 259, 506.

Boys, Plenipotentiary at Gertruydemlerg, IJ. r^,^

607.
Eync, ^vc George, knt ifter Fourbin to Scotland, 11.

499, 500.. .prevents the Preten.ler''s landing there,

chafes the French Fleet, and takes their Vicc-Adrai-

lal, 500, 501.

C.'^Diz, the Expedition thither, II. 330, 331.
C;^LAMY, Edmund, refufes a Biflioprick, I.
185, 462.

Calemburch, Admiral, faves the Dutch fleet
near Beachy by a Stratagem, II. 53.

Calonitz, Cardinal, 11. 350.

Callieres, II. 179.

Cam A RET, a dcfign upon it mifcarries, II. irrj,
130.

Cambray, Archbilhopof, II. 215, 216, 225, 226.

Campbell, Father and Son imprifoned, 1.6^5,
637.

Canada, an exjiedition thither unfuccefsful, II. 577,
578.

Cant, I. 34.

Cap EL, Sit Henry, I. 478. votes for the ExclufioB,
481.

Capel, Lord, fent one of the Lords Juftices to Ire-
land. II. J 19. is made Lord Lieutenant, 159.
his difpute with Porter the Lord Chancellor there,
ibid. 160.

Caprara, II. 84.

Caraffa, II. 84.

Cardenas, Don Alonji de, endeavours to engage
Cromivell in the Spanijh Intereft, I. 72.

Cargill, executed, 1.512. obftinacy of his fol-
lowers, ibid.

Carlisle, Earl of, I. 65, 372. II. 192,316.

Carlton, Sir Dudley, his advice to King y«OT«J[..
to beware of Priefts, I. 12. . . r.

Carmarthen, Marquifs of, (fee Danby) made.
Prefident of the Council, 11. 4. fets the Whigs^,"
upon attacking the Marquifs of I}alifax, ibid, isi^
himfelf attacked, 68, 69.' difcovers a iNegocIa-'
tion with King James, 69. is attacked for a Pre- *
fent faid to have been made him by the E aft- India
Company, 145, 146. impeached tor it, ibid, he
is made Duke of Leeds, 155. See Leeds.

Carmarthen, Marquifs of, his Son, commands a
Squadron, II. 155. . . ,

Caron, I. 194. ,'^ . .

Carstairs, his Letters taken, I. 340. apCTfecii- ■
ter of Conventicles, 399, 400. his Pradticcs a- •
gainft Lauderdale and Staley, 433, 439. dies ia '
Horror, ibid. [

Cartwricht, made Bifhop of CZ'iP^^r, I. 695.

Caryl, a Divine with Ricliard CromiJuell, I. 82.

Casal, furrendered to be demoliftied, II. 154.

Cassiles, Earl of, I. 22. fent to the Hague to 1
treat with King Charles II. 52. defires to explain
the Oath of Supremacy, 144. quits his Employ-
ments, 145. moves in Parliament againft tlii:
King's marrying a.Papift, X74, 227.

Cassiles, Earl of, his Son, againft the AS to pu-
nifh Conventicles, I. 292.

Castile, Almiranteof, I[. 419.

Catalonia, a rifing there, II. 419.

Catinat, Marefchal, II. 112, 286, 323.

Cavendish, Lord, I. 351. his Charafter, 389.
defills from going to Council, 478. offers to ma-
nage Lord Rujftts efcape, 560. See Devon-
shire.
.^E c I l,. Secretary, his private Correfpondence with
Yi^vni James, I. 8.

Cellier, Mrs. gtx.s Dangerjleld out of Prifon, I.

475

Century, XVIII, how opened, II. 253, 254,255,

256, 257.
Cevennes, the Infurreftion there, 11.329,356,

357. is quieted at laft, 392, 393.
Chaise, Father /«, his Charafttr, I. 567.
Chamberlain, Dr. I. 752.

Chamil'liar'd,

.J( N D £ X-

Chamtlliard, 11.509. he is difmift, 530.

Charity-Schooh, their rife here, ll. 216, 317.

Charles ofG/an, a I'atron of the Jefuits, I. iz.

Chari-es-Lkwis Eltilor Palatine, his Motives of
iliufing a Religion, I. 14-

Charles V. Emperor, iubdues the SmalcalMck
League, J. 310.

Charles VI. (fee Charles III. King of Spain)
chofen Emperor, and crowned at Frankfort, II.
576,^82. lends Prince Eugent to England, 589.
rcfolves tocarry on the War with />«««, 611,613,
615,616. will not come into the Treaty of U/r*(ht,
618,619.

Charles II. Kingof Sfain, II. 123. hearty agaipft
France, ibid, is atuck'd in C/i/<i/o«ifl, and relieved
by the £nj/i^ Fleet, 128, 129. hi* Sicknefs, 17/8,
206, 2 10, 223. a Treaty ior the Partition of his
Succeffion, 223. his Death, and pretended Will,
25 1 . the Duke of j4>ijau declared his SuccefTor,

Charles III. King oi Spain owned by England, II.
152, 353. comes over hither, 353, 354. goes to Lit-
)>o«, 354. thence to Catalonia, 419. is for befiwing
Barcelona, 420. his letters to Q^Anne and Lord G»-
dolphin, 422. yalentia and Catalonia declare for
him, 443. flays at Barcelona when beficged by
the French, 444, 447. delays going to Madrid,
448. Arragon declares fof him, 4^9. and Cartha-
gena, A50. takes Alicant, ibid. Earl Rivert fent
with forces to him, 453. his Affairs take an un-
happy turn, 473, 478, 479. fcven thouland Impe-
rialilts fcnt him from Italy, 479. he marries the
Princefs of Wolfemhuttle, 480. complains of the
Earl oi Peterborough, 492. the Concluft in Spain
ccnfured, 493. Supplies fent from Italy io Spain
by Sir John Leak, 504. the Camjmign in 1709,
531. the Battle oiAlmanara, 555. he goes to M0-
drid, 556. the Battle oi Villa Ficiofa, ibid, he is
ncgledted by his Allies, and his Affairs go amifs,
556, 557. he fuccecds to the ..^/{/?r»a« Dominions,

568. quiets the Troubles in jFfawfaO'' '''''^- 'caves
his Queen in S/ai'a, and goes to Italy, 575. tKence
into Germany, 576. is chofen Emperor, 575. See
Charles VI. Emperor.

Charles I. of England, at firft a Friend to Puritans,
I. 19. diflikes his Father's familiar behaviour, 20.
crowned in Scotland, 21 . erefts a new Bittioprick
ax Edinburgh, 22. feeblenefs of the Government,
26. U)mp aims of Popery, 27. ill ftate of the King's
affairs, 30. good advice given, but not followed,
38, 39. his flownefs ruins the Treaty in the Ifle
ai Wight, j^. thefecretofthedefign oferefting
the Netherlands into a Republick ill kept by him,
48. who were chiefly concerned inhis Death, 46,
47. his Death turned the Nation, 49.

Charles II. his Son, proclaimed King by the5«/<,
I. 51. they fend Commiflioners to him at the
Hague, 53. he goes to Scotland mA is ill ufed, 54,

56. his Declaration condemning himfelf and his
Father, 56. attempts to efcape, but prevented,

57. is crowned and takes the Covenant, ibid.
comes into £«g/ani/ and is purfued by Cromwel,

58. a body in the Highlands fland firm, 59, 60.
their little Army routed, 61. the King and his
Brother difmifs'd from France, 73. he changed
his Religion there, 73, 74. goes to the Congrefs
at the Pyrenees, 85. Matters in England tending
to his Reftoration, he goes to Breda, 86. lie is
called home without Terms, 88, 89. the Nation
runs into Vice, 92. the King's Charafter, 93.
theftateof his Court, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100.
the Chief of the Scots, loi, 102, 103, 104. a ge-
neral Pardon in Sfo//«n//advifed, 105. andtode-
molifti Cromivers Forts, 107. and tor fettling the
Church, 107,108. the King confirms Prcftjytery,
109. a Council for Scotch aftairs at Whitehall, 110.
the Committee of Eflates meet, 1 1 2. a Parliament

. called, 113. the King difapproves of the refcii-
fory Att, 119. is indifferent as to refloring Epif-
copacy, 131. argry at the incapacitating Art,
151. gives himfelf up to Pleafure, 164. main-
tains the Indemnity, 165. his Marriage, 166.
Vol. II.

fells Dunkirk, 173. the CeffMn«ny of Ju» M^-
riage, 174. Ireland ^<-<i\<->'^ .

74^

tiou tyr 1 deration, 1 ,
fialhcal Comouflion ii>
the Forces there, 214
War, 218. the V "

219. tl|c Englij'
Rebellion

T)cclyt-
i. eccle-

'""•""'• ■"J ••ugjhent*
rcfolves on t}it Outcb

' ' - not ifbllowtd,

:nce Rupert,
229. a Kcbclliun III iiic >> tu 1,1 ^cjiland, 231,
234, 235. is defeated jRnd the Prifoncrt fcvcrflv
ulcd, 2U, 236, 237, 338! CtiC Si.auh Council
changed and ^Ioderation (hewn, 239. the Scotch
Army disbanded, 243. the King tric^ to regain
the AfTcfUom of hi^ People, 248. rides thro' the
City while the Dtacb were in, the River, 250.
grows weary of Lord Clarendon, 2 ; 1 . fecms \<t
-iavour a Comprchenfion, 2c j. enters into the
triple Alliance, 254. Offended at , ro^y qf 0e
Bimops, 258. will not own a Marriage with the
Duke (A MonmouthWAor.Vtx , zCo- fets On ix>rd
Roos'i Divorce, 262. will not fend the Queen a-
way by furprize, ibid, goes to the iloufe of Lofdi
and lollicits Votes, 272. orders an Indulgence in
Scotland, 281. diflikes the Art againli Conventi-
cles, 292. fliuts up the Exchequer, 306. fufpci^df
the Penal Laws by his Declaration, 307. an at-
teinpt on the Dutch Smyrna Fleet, ibid, complains
to Sheldiin of the Sermons againfl Popcrv, 308.
creates his Millrefs Dutchefs of Por^wi/*, 3J7,
338. Jcaloufies of him, 344. Divifioni at Court,
346. and in Council, 348, 349. cancels liis own
Declaration fufpendine the fenal Laws, 351. fend«
Plenipotentiaries loCoiognf, 353, ^^4, calls a Par-
liament in 5co//an</, 362.. mediates a Peac« be-
tween France and HollanJ, t,6-j. he prorogue* the
Parliament in England, 368, and in Scotland, 369.
deals roughly with the Scttch Lawyers in Ameals,
370. marries hi» Niece Lady Mary to the Prince
of Orange, 41 o. his calinefs in figning Papers, 417.
refiifes to fee the Scotch Lords who con^ up with
i^ompWinis of Lauderdale-, 419. fu£[efs the Duke
oi Monmouth to intercede for them, 420. his go-
ing to N^umaritt when the Popifli Plot broke out
is cenfured, 427. refufes his aflent to the Militia
Art, 437. his fenfe of the Plot, 437, 438. his
meffage to the Commons againfl Mount ague, 440.
the Parliament prorogued, j.42. a reward offered
ibr farther difcoveries of the Plot, 449. a new
Parliament called, 451. he refufes Seymour for
Speaker, 452. difowns his ^fa^riage with the
Duke of Monmouth's Mother, .Hid. changes his
Council, 454, 455. debates in Council about tjif-
folving the Parliament, 468. fends A^onmouth t6
fupprefs the Rebellion, in Scotland, 472. when ill,
fends for the Duke of Tork, 474, 476. , Jealqufies
of Kim; 476, 478. fends the Duke of7»rii to Scot-
land, ^%o. afks afupply for !r(»»j»>r,^483. funt-
mons a Parliament at Oxford, 495. likes the
Schenie of a Prince Regent in lieu of tJie Exclu-
fion, 496. by his Declaration complains of. the
three lall Parliaments, 499, 500. Charters of Cor-
porations furrendred, 527. Changes, in ^he Mini-
flry and Diviflons, 53 1 . the Rye-Houfe Plot, 54J .
a Proclamation thereupon, 546. his concern tpr
the Duke of Monmouth, 549. fends tp the Com-
mon Council of London to deliver up their Charter,
568. calling a Parliament propofed, but rejerted,
568, 569. he pardons the Duke oi Moanuutb,^y^.
forbids him the Court, 57;. a Paflage betwefn
him and the Prince of Oron^^, ibid, he determines
that Husbands in Scotland ihall be fined for their
Wives going to Conventicles, 582., abandons 'Tan-
gier, 593. a ftrange Prartice in a Trial of blood,
600. and in the Marriage of (he Elarl of Clancar-
ty't Son, 600, 60 1 . employs Papills in Ireland, and
tries to model the Army there, 601,602. Sufpi-
cions of his declaring himfelf a Papifl, 603. a, new
Scheme of Government concei ttd at Lady Per//^
nouth'%, 604. the King's fondnefs to her, 605.
his Sicknefs, 606. takes the Sacrament in the
Popiflt way, 607. hisPeath, 609. a remarkable
Story relating to it, 610. hisChararter, 611. ail
attempt to relume his Grants, II. 220, 567.

9D Charltom;

74<J

INDEX.

CHARtTo?;, 1.1525. ~"

Charnocic is fent over to K. James, II. 148. en-
gages in the AflaiTination-Plot, 165, 171. is exe-
cuted, and does not acquit King James of it, iUd.
172.

Charter of Z-o»(/ij», Arguments in the King's-Bench
concerning its forfeiture, I. 533. the Judgment
given, 535.

Charteris, Mr. his Charafter, I. 215, 216, 248,
285,293. refiifesa Bifhoprick, 300, 519. attends
on the Earl of ArgiU at his Execution, 633 .

Child, Sir Jojiah, his Death and Charafter, II. 22;.

Chimney-Money difchargedin Englandax. the Re-
volution, II. 13. is ellablilh'd in ScotloTid foon af-
ter, 64.

Church, The, a Party Watch-Word, II. 425, 542.

Churchill, Lord, fent Ambaffador to France, I.
623. his Charafter, 765. goes to the Prince of
Orange at Axminfter, 791. tjee Marlborough
Earl of

Churchill, Lady, herCharaft^r, 1. 765. accom-
panies the Princefs oi Denmark to Northampton,
792. SeeMARLBORoucH Countefsof.

Civil List granted but for a Year, II. 12, 38. for
five Years, 42. for Life, 208. a Debt upon it
paid by a Mortgage of part of the Revenue, 628 .

Claget, Dr. 1.462,674.

Clancarty, Countefs ofi recommends her Son's
Education to Dr. Fell, I. 601. he is taken from
thence, ihid.

Clarendon, Earl of, for rejefting Lord Antn'm'i
Petition, I. 40. his Charafter, 94. difgufts the

' Cavaliers, 98. perfuades the King to obferve the
Indemnity, 105. is for keeping Garrifons in the
Scotch Forts, 107. propofes a Scotch Council at
Whitehall, iio. prevents an attack on D. Lau-
derdale, 121. zealous for reftoring Epifcopacy in
Scotland, 131,148, 1 51. againft the incapacitating
Aft, 1 52. tries to tup^n Middletoun, ibid, his
Moderation, 1 59. his good Advice in disbanding
the old Army, 161. and in maintaining the In-
demnity, 165. refufcs a Prefcnt of 1 0000 /. 167.
vifits none of the King's Miftreffes, 175. make«

food Judges, ihid. advifes the Declaration as to
cclefiaftical Affairs, 178, 185, 186, 192. tries to
divide the Papifts, 194, 195, 196. not confulted
as to the Dutch War, 200. difgraced, 248, 249,
252. his Integrity, 254. impeached by the Com-
mons, ihid. goes beyond Sea at the King's defire,

256. banifhed by Aft of Parliament, ihid.
Clarendon, Earl of, his Son, his Charafter, I.

257. the Commons addrefs againft him as favour-
ing Papifts, 484, 507. made Lieutenant of /r^-
/««(/, 654, 681. recalled, 682. refleftsonKing
James, and joins the Prince of Orange, 794. fent
to treat with the Lords fent by King James, 795,
800. reconciles himfelf to the y«f<»6/V«, 807. for
a Prince Regent, 8 to. he oppofes the Govern-
ment, II. 20. correfponds with King James, 69.
is pardonecC but confined to his Houfe in the
Country, 71 .

Clarendon, Countefsof, I. 231, 750, 753.

Clarges, his Charafler, I. 84, 98.

Clay pole married Crornvjefs Daughter, 1. 83.

Clayton, I. 498.

Clement, Prince, chofen Coadjutor to Cologne, I.
760, 770, 772, 773.

Clergy, Englijh, agreatheat againft them, I. 461.
their Controverfy with the Church of Rome, 673.
by whom managed, 674. invite the Prince of
Orange to defend them, 701. welcome him
here, 802. an ill humour fpreads amongft them
at the Revolution, II. 11. they take the Oaths
with too many Refervations, 28. -inftrumental to
corrupt the People, 29. aft contrary to their Oaths,
loi. oppofeArchbimop 7///9//»«, 117, 118. Di-
vHions among them, 215,247,249. irreconcile-
able to DifTenters, ibid, raife a Cry of the Church
in danger, 317, 364, 370, 379, 380, 435. their ill
humour encreafes, 526. they efpouie Sache-verel,
S+O' 543» 554- nw»y incline to Popery, 603,
604.

Clergy, Scotch, pleafed with Dalaiers Cruelty in
the Weft, I. 238. their behaviour blamed, 24-.
are ill ufed by the Prejbyterians, 248. move for a
national Synod, 370. infulted by the Prejhyterians
at the Revolution, 805 . are in the Interefts •f
King James, II. 23. which occafions the abo-
lifliing Epifcopacy in Scotland, ibid. 157.

Cleveland, Dutchefs of, I. 94, 263, 264.

Clifford, his Charafter, 1.225,251,265. made
Lord Treafurer, 307. one of the Cabal, 308,
345. his zeal for Popery, 346, in the Houfe of
Lords and cabinet Council, 348, 349. is difgraced,
350, 355,614.

Cochran, I. 548, 629, 632, 634.

Co horn, a great Engineer, II. 153, 323, 348.

Coin, its ill Itate, II. 140. Confultations to prevent
clipping, 147. Lord Somen's Expedient, ihid.
the Coin reftified, 161. cott the Nation two Mil-
lions, 175.

Colchester, Lord, I. 790.

Coleman, his Charafter, I. 368, Intrigue*, 393,
394. conference with Dr. £ar»f/ and others, 395.
accufed by Gates, 426. his Letters confirm the Po-
pifh Plot, 427, 430. his Trial, 436. and Exe-
cution, 437.

CoLLEDCE, his Trial and Condemnation, I. 504,
505.

Cologne, Eleftor of, puts his Country into th«
hands of the French, I. 321, 323. his Death
and Charafter, 758. the ftate of Cologne at his
Death, 759. his Succeffor's conduft, 11. 1 23, 289,
616.

Colt, Sir William, II. 95.

CoLviL, I. 157.

Commmittee ef Council fent round the Weft of
Scotland, I. 288.

Comprehension attempted at the Reftoration with-
out fuccefs, I. 182. attempted in vain at the Re-
volution, II. 30,' 31, 32. happy it did notfucceed,

^ 33. 34- ^

Compton, Dr. made Bjfhop of Lo»i/o«. I. 392. at-
tends King Charles in his laft Sicknefs, 606. is a-
fainft repealing the Teft, 665. refijfes to fufpend
)r. Sharp, 675. brought before th« ecclefialtical
CommifTion, 676. fufpended by them, 677. meets
at the Lord Shreiv/hurfs, 712. for the Prince of
Orange, 764. convey s the Princefs of Ufn/n^r/f to
Northampton, 792. gives in a lift of Tories for the
Lieutenancy of London, II. 40, 285 . his Death,
630.

Con, I. 440.

Conde, Prince of, makes the Spaniards court Cro/if
luel, I. 72. his charafter of the French King and
Miniftry, 333, 334. admires the Prince of Ora»g<',
377,405. his Charafter, 565.

Conduct of the Allies, a noted Pamphlet, II. 581.

Coniers, 1.424,426.

Conspirators met at Weji's Chambere, I. 542.
rendezvous onTurnham-Gretn, 11.167. fomeefcape,
the reft are feized, 1 68.

Conti, Prince of, I. 405. II. 156. a Candidate
for the Crown of .Po/aW, 196, 197. his defcent
there, 198.

Convention of Eftates turned into a Parliament, I.
88,165. II. 5.

Convocation alter the Common-Prayer, 1. 184,
1 86. give the King four Subfidies, 1 97. rejeft the
Scheme for a Comprehenfion, II. 33. prorogued
for ten Years, ibid. 214, 249. meet in 1700. 280,
281,282. their Proceedings, /'^jV. Difputes be-
tween the two Houfes, 282, 283. the Lower Houfe
cenfure Books, 283,284,285. dilfolved by King
William's Death, 3 17, 345. the two Houfes renew
their Difputes, 345, 346. the Miniftry interpofe
in vain, 346. the Lower Houfe vote Epifcopacy
of Divine Right, 346, 347. meet in 1704, 3S0.
and in 17*5, 412,413. farther Difputes between
the two Houfes, 441 . the Queen's Letter to them,
442. are prorogued, 443. infill that they can't
be prorogued, fitting the Parliament, 470, 47 1 , 472.
the Prolocutor's contumacy and fubmiilioni ibid, are
prorogued, 525. meet in 1710, 569. their Li-
cence

IN D E X.

?;

•747

cence excepted againft, 570. a new Licence, ibid.
the Reprefemation of the Lower Houfc, f70, 571.
another of the Upper Houfe, 571 . the opinion of
the Judges as to their Jurifdiaion, ^72. the Up-
per Houfc cenfure Wlnfttiii DoArinr, 572, 573.
the Lower Houfe concur, 573. carried to the
Queen, ibid, their Proceedings in 171 z, 601,603.
their cenfure on Whifton not confirmed by the
Queen, 573,603. the Bifhops condemn the rebap-
tizing Difl'enters, 605. the Lower Houfe do not
concur in this, ibid.

Cook, Sir William, L 11.

Cook the Regicide, L 46.

Cook a Presbyterian Miniller, I. 293.

Cook's opinion of Treafon in Lord RuffiPi cafe, I.

554-
Cook fent to the Tower, L 667.
Cook, Sir Thtmas, Governor of the India Company,

n. 141;. examined as to 170000/. (aid to be given

for fecret fervice, 145,146. fent to the Tower,

ibid.
Cook tried for being in the Plot of Invafion in 1696,

IL 174, 175. condemned and banifhed, i-f^.
Copenhagen befieged, II. 243, 244 a Plague there,

579-

CoRNBuRY, L 252. his Regiment joins the Prince
o( Orange, 7Q0.

Cornish, cholenSherif, his Charafler, L 480,497.
executed, 651.

CoRRUPTtoN, how univerfali IL 247.

CosENS, Bilhop, L 262.

Cotton, Sir Jihn, I. 396. IL441.

Covenanters, their Leaders CharaAen, I. z8.
Difputes among them, 61, 62,63, 64.

Coventry, Sir IVilliam, the Dulte of T(>rk\ Secre-
tary, I. 170. his Gharafter, 265 . made Secretary
of State, 306, 37i, 388. againlt a land Army, 41 1 .
an odd Expreifion of his,' 412. another explained,
442.

Coventry, Sir John, reflefts on the King's Amours.
1 . 269. has his Nofe flit, 270. thofe who did ic
banilhed, ibid.

Court of SeJ/Son in Scotland, I. 370.

CowPER, Mr. made Lord Keeper, IL 426. refufe*
the ufual New-year's Gifts, 439. is made a Peer
and Lord Chancellor, 472. reftgns the Seals, 553.

Craig, Dr. 1. 17.

Cramborn executed for the Aflkflination Plot, II.

«74-
Crawford, Earl of, I. 39. his Charafter, 102,

tio. oppofes the refcilfory Aft, 118. declares

againft Epifcopacy, 132, 147, 150. at the head

of the Prfjbyterians, II. 29.

Credit, Publick, very great, IL 438. Cnksupbn
the change of the Minillry, 555.

Cromarty, Earl of, 11.397,547. SeeTARBET.

Cromwel, Oliver, argues with the Scotth i6i the
King's death, I. 42. enters Scotland, 44. dilTem-
bles when charged With putting force upon the
Parliament, 4;, 46. in fulpence as to the King's
death, ibid, marches into Scotland, 54. defeats
the Scots at Dunbar, ibid. Edinburgh capitulates,
55. he difplaces the Governor of Aberdeen, 58.
builds three Forts in Scotland, 61 . Deputies lent
to him from the general Affembly, 64. his Maxims,
65. his arts in gaining Parties, 67, 68. debates
for making him King, 69, 7*. he refofes the
Crown, ibid, feizes Money from the Spaniards, 7 1 .
enquires into the ftate of the Proteftants in France,
72. efpoufes the French Intcreft in oppofition to
Spain, 73. hisdefignsin the fVeli-Indies.-j^. his zeal
for the Proteftants abroad, 76, 77. fome curious
Paflages in his Life, 78, 79. his publick Spirit, 80.
the whole World fiood in awe of elm, 81. his
death, 82.

Cromwell, Richard, his Son, declared Proteftor, I,
82. refigns, 83.

CuDwoRTH, Dr. his Charafter, I. 187,462.

CuLPEPER, Lord, 1. 798, 819.

Cumberland, Dr. made BiJhop of Peterborough, II.
76.

Cunningham, Sir John, I. 238, 469.
t

CuTTt, Lord. II. 169.
CzAK. Set Muscovy.

DApa, NuntiotoKing Jamei, I. 705.
Dalrimple, Prefidcnt of the Scflion in Sett-
land, L 369, c 1 6. much trufted by King William^
II. 24. nuide Lord Stair, 26.

Dalrimple, Sir y«>fr», his Son, a Commiffioner to
tender the Crown to King William andQueen Mary,
IL 24. made conjundt Secretary of State with
Lord Milvil, 74. is difmifs'd, 90, 157, 458. See
Stair.

Dalz lEL, General, I. 214. defeats the Rebels at
Pentland Hill, 23 j. His cruelties in the Wett of
Scotland, 238.

Danby, Earl of. Patron ofthephurch Party, I. 373.
is attacked in the Houfc of Commons, 382. his
difcourfe with Monf Courtin, 391, 392,393, 402.
tries to bring the King off from the French Intereft.
407. propofes the Lady Maryt Marriage with
the Prince of Orange, 408. fupports Laudtrdale,
410. gets the King to ask an additional Revenue
of 300000/. for Liii;, 421. is univerfally hated,
422, 424, 438. his letters to Montagu/ concerning
a Penfion to King Charles from Frame, 440. im-
peached, 441 . the Lords will not commit him,
ibid, treats with the Country Party for a new Par-
liament, A43. quits the Treafury, 451. prevails
on the King to lend away the Duke of York, 452.
is profecuted by the Commons notwithftanding the
King's Pardon, 453. a Bill of Attainder againft
him, 454, 45c. IS fent to the Tower, 460. is
bailed with the Popifh Lords, 591. joins for invi-
ting over the Prince of Orat^e, 7 1 2, 764, 766, 791 ,
818, 819, 820. made Marquifs of Ca/«Mr/;&M, II.
4. SccCamarthen.

Dancerfield, his Meal-Tub Plot, 1.475,476.
convifV of Pcijuiy and whip'd, 63 7. his death, ib.

Dantzick, a Plague there, 11.^34.

Darby, Earl of, U. 553.

Darien, the Scott fettle there, II. 216. purfue it
at a vaft Expence, 217. driven away by the Spa-
niards, 233, 234. voted in Parliament a national
affair, 235. great diforders on it, ibid, it is a
great inducement to the Union, 467, 468.

Dartmouth, Lord, fent to demolilh TiwijjVr, I.
593. commands the Fleet againft the Prince of
Orange, 766. is forced into PJimoulh, 789.

Dartmouth, Lord, made Secretary of State, II.
552-

D'AvAux, !• 734t 766. II. 179, 269.

Dauphin of trance, commands in Flanders in 1 694,
II. 127, 233. for accepting the King of Spain's
Will, 252. for owning the Pretender King of Ei^-
land, 293. his Dfcath, 568.

Dauphin, his Son, II. 600. hb Death and Cha-
rafter, ibid. See Burgundy.

Dauphiny, Campaigns there, II. 100, iii, 154,

53'-

Daws, Sir William, made Bifhop of Chejler, II. 487.

De Gviche, Count, his Intrigues, I. 302.

De Groot, I. 305.

De la Mere, Lord, tried and acquitted. I. 668.
raifes a Reeirncnt for the Prince of Orange, 791,
80 1 . vsUiSe Earl of Warrington, II . 4. See War-
rington.

De la Val, in the Admiralty, II. 94, 104.

Denbigh, Earl of, I. 30.

Denmark, King of, I. 304. his Death, II. 230.

Denmark, King of, his Son, his Alliance againft
Siveden, IL 230. makes Peace by King WiUianCi
Mediation, 243,244* his Troops join the Confe-
derates at Ramellies, 450. goes to Italy, 536.
attacks the Sivcdcs, and is defeated in Schonen, ibid.
befieges Stral/und and Wifmar without Succefs, 5 79.
the Danes are beat by Steinbeck, 61 3.

Denmark, George Prince of, he marries the Prin-
cefs Anne, I. 562, 749, 766, 791 . aSculcment on
htm of 100000 /. a year if he furvive the Qupea,
U. 538, 339. be is made Lor^ High Adiniral

with

Jf

I N D E X.

with a Council and GeneralifTunoof all the Forces,

3'3> 3'4> 354- ^^ *^"^^ * ^^"^^ '"'° ^^^ ^^'^''
terranean, 358, 359. jealous of having too tittle
Power, 487. aniwers the Complaints of the Ad-
miralty, 490. his Death and Charafter, 515.

Denmark. Jane, Princefe of, fcnt toBath, I. 750,
766. retires to Northampton at the Revjolulion,
792,819, 821. her Revenue fettled by Parlia-
ment, 11.91. creates a Mifunderftanding with
King and Queen, ibid, made up at the Death of
Queen Afery, 149. her Son's Education, zro, 211.
her Behaviour at his Death, 246. (he fucceeds to
theCrown, 309. SeeQuEEN Anne.

De Ruyter, furprifes out Fleet' at ^e/i/y, 1.323.

Desborough, 1. 70. , , ■

D'EsTREEs, Cardinal, 1. 661 .

D'EsTREBs, Marefchal, II.'93.

DesVarde.s, his Difgrace, I. 302, 303.

Devonshire, Earl of, (fee Cavendish) is ' at
Lord Shre^vsburfs, I. 764. joins in inviting the
Prince of Orange, 764,766,791. made Lord
Steward of the Houmold, II. 5. isaDuke, 175,
316,377,488. is turned out, 5 5 3 . moves for a
Bill of Precedence for the Duke of CAMBKiDct,

587,590,591. ;

De Witt, John, hisCharaSer, I. 219, 220. Jnr-
Jlerdanfwexty of him, 221 . \Vorfts the Englijh at
Sea, 229. his Errors, 319, 324. his tragical
Death, 325.

DeWitt, Cornelius, tortured, I. 325.

Dickson, I. 34.

DiGBY, ^ve E-virard, his Letters, I. H.

Dissenters, courted by YJm^James I. 701. their
Debates an<^ Refolutions, 702. Diviiions^ among
them, U. 2t5, 247. ,,

Divorce,, tho Bimops divided about it, IL 126,
127.

DoDD, one of Sachtvereirs Council, II. 540.

D0DWBI.L, broaches ftrange Notions, II. 604.

DoLBEN, Archbilhop of 2^r/f , 1.590,676.

Dorset, Earl of, his Charafter, I. 264, 303. made
Lord Chamberlain, II. 5. gives Pr/or an Educa-
tion, 580.

Dorset, Lady, I. 792.

Doughty, Dr. I. 819.

DowcLAS, Earl of Angus, I. iS, I^-

DowcLAS, a Miniftcr, I. 34.

DowcLAs, Marquifs of, I. 526.

Downing, Ambaflador to Ho//fl»i/, 1. 199.

Drumlanerick, Lord, joins the Prince of 0><«»f?,

I-79'-
Drummond invites King Charles II. to Scotland, I.

60, 214, 240. is imprifoned, 375.

Dry DEN, a Charafter of his Plays, I. 269.

Dublin declares for King William, II. 52.

DuFFus, Lord, 1. 148.

DuGDALE, his Evidence in thePopifh Plot, I. 444,

447' 450» 465. 488, 49I' 5°4' 5°5-
Du Mont, engaged to aflaffinate King ^///aw, II.

95-
Dunbarton, Earl of, 1.434.

DuNCOMB, 1.265. 11.119.

Dundee, Earl of, heads the Epifcopal Party in
Scotland, I. 805. goei to Scotland to raife Rebel-
lion, II. 22. raifes the Highlands, 26. routs
the King's Forces, 27. is killed in the Aftion,
Hid.

Dunferlinc, Earl of, I. 27.

DuNFREis, Earl of, I. 24, 213,

Dunkirk, fold to the F/vncZ', I. 172. delivered to
the Engl ijh to be dcmoUlhed, II. 609, 610, 615,
619.

Dunmori, difcovers .5a/»i?n»fffA's Petition, I. 23.

Dutch, the, worfted at Sea by the Duke of Tori,
I. 218. engage the Englijh with Advantage, 229.
burn the Ships at Chatham, 241, 242. their
Smyrna Fleet attempted, 307. furprife the Eng-
liJh'mSolbay, 323. reduced to great Extremities,
314, 325, 534, 335. are hated by the EngUJh,
11.85, 163, 219. love Kingif^illiam, 85, 219.
their good Conduft in their Quarters, 86. they
own the Duke of Jryou King of S fain, 257. de-

mand Afliftance from England and obtain it# 263,
268. love the Duke of Marlborough, 309; 416?
m-ohibit Trade with France, 335, 349,. 530, 531.
Divifionsamongftthem, 349,551. conlentto tl.e
Congrei's M. Utrecht, 582. their iirft Barrier Trea-
ty, 595,396. condemned by Parliament, 597,
598. reffefted on in the Commons Addrefs, 59H.
their Memorial thereupon, ibid, the Queen dif-
engages her felf from tlie Alliances with them, 607,
608. their Memorial printed, 6x 1 . their Plan of
Peace, 611,614. they fign the Treaty at C/ft-<'J;/,
615, 616, 617. their fecond Barrier Treaty, 6j 3,
614, 615.

Dyckvelt, Ambaflador to England, I. 324, 325.
his Charafter, 328, 337, 648. fent again with
Inftruftions to manage all forts of People . in. Eng-
land, 708,710,711,712, 781.

Dysert, Countefs of, I. 245, -246, 279, 289. J

EArl, Bilhop of Salisbury, I. 225.
Earl, General, II. 507, 508.

i!.ARTH<iyAKE, la England in i6g2, II. 100.

East-India CoOT/ia«>', their fecret Prefents, IF. 145'.
a new Company ercfted, 209, zio, 220. the two
Companies join, 296.

Eckeren, Battle of, 11.348,349. j

Elliot, taken with Lord PreJ/on, II. 69, 70.

Elphinston, 1.8. See Balmerinoch.

Ely, Bilhop of, I. 798. hiiLetterstoSt.Germalns,
n.69.

Episcopacy, Prejudices againft it, I. 158. abo-
li(h'd in Scotland, II. 23, 64. voted by the lower
Houfe of Convocation to be of Divine Right, 346,
347. an Aft fecuring it at the Union, 463. is
tolerated in Scotland, 594.

Ec^uivalent, toScolland, II. 458. howbeftowed,
465.

Essex, Ear! of, 1.40,41.250. his Charafter,
396. AmbziSaAoi in Denmark, 396,397. made
Lieutenant of Ireland, 397, 398, 451. at the
head of the Treafury, 454. propofes Limitations
on the Duke of ?i;-^, 455. is againft the Exclu-
fion, 456. and the Bilhops right of voting, 460,
468,469,474. quits the Trealiiry, 476. for the
Exclufion, 482, 486, 493, 502, 508, 537, 540,
551. fent to the Tower, 552. his Death there,
553. the Sufpicions about it, 569.

Essex, Countefs of, L 16, 552'. )

EsTERHASi, Cardinal, II. 350.

Evens or Evers, I. 444.

EVERARD, I. 497.

Eugene, Prince of ^^z'voy, his Rife, II. 203. beats
the Turks near Belgrade, 204. commands in Itah,
264. his Conduft fuccefsful, 285, 286. his At-
tempt on Cremona, 287, 327. beats the French at
Luzara, 328, 329, 348. Prefident of the Coun-
cil of War at Vienna, 350, 351. joins the Duke
of Marlborough in Bavaria, 383, 384. his Share
in the Battle of Blenheim, 384, 385, 387. be^s
the Duke of Vendome in Italy, 418,445. his
March to relieve Turin, 45 4, 45 5 . beats the Frenclr
and raifes the Siege, 455,456. his Share in the
Viftory at Oa</fj(ar</^, 505. takes i//7^, 506, 510*
511,517. his Share in the Battle of Mons, 532,
533. fesures the Peace of the Empire in 1711,
575, 576. comes to England, 589. his Charac-
ter, 590, 593. commands in Flanders, 602, 606.
takes ^efnoy,- 609. befieges Landrecy, but forced
to raife the Siege by a Lofs at Denain, 610.

Eyre, Sollicitor-General, his Opinion as to profc-
QatmgHt. Sache-verell, II. 538. is a Manager at
the Trial, 540.

FAcel, Penfioner, his Charafter,
his Letter to Steiuard, 731, 778.
Ihip with Dalrimple, II. 24.
Fagel, General, II. 418.
Fairfax, iiiThomtu, L 29, 46, 84.

I. 327, 689.
hie Friend'

Fairfax,

INDEX.

JfAlRFAX, Dr. I. 84.

FaIrkoul, Bilhop of C/a^»w, 1.133,141.

FAi.coNBKiufjii, Earl of, 1.83,372.

Falmouth, liarl of, I. 219.

Farmer, refulcd to be chofcn Prefidentof Magda-
len-Collegi, 1. 699.

Fatio, 1. 689.

Fau r of the Scrbontie, I. 566.

Fell, Bilhop of Oxford, I. 601, 694, 695.

FsNwicK the Jefuit try'd, 1.443,450,464.

Fenwick, Sit John, his Account of an Aflaflinatlon
tlcfigncd in 1^)5, II. 148. ii in a Plot of Invafion,
173. taken, 175. his pretended difcoveries, 1 75,
1 82, 1 83. prevails on Goodman to go beyond ta,
ibid, is attainted by bill, 184, 190. prafliccs as
to his difcoveries, 190, 191, 192. his Execu-
tion, 193.

Ferdinand, King of BaA«w/a, I. 13.

Ferguson, at ^f/^s Chambers, I. 942, 543, 576.
cabals in Holland with the Duke of Montnoulh, 630,
631, 641, 642. in a Plot againll King IVilliam,
II. 36, 63. and againft Queen Aiine, 372, 373,

376. 377-
Feversiiam, Earl of, I. 607. commands againft

Monmouth, 643. fent with a Meflage from him

to the Prince of Orange, 799, 800.
Feuili.ade, Duke de, befteges ' Ta/Vw, II. 454,

45S>456-
Filmer s Patriarchal Scheme, I- 571. II- 538.
Finch, II. 297. made a Peer, 344.
FiKE oi London, I. 229, 230,231, 232.
FiRMiN, Thomas, II. 211,212, 214.
Fisher difcovers the Aflainnation-Plot, II. 165.
F I T r o N , Chancellor of Ireland, 1 . 68 2 .
Fjt/harris, 1.497,498. his Trial, 501, 502,

503, 504.
Flanders, fee Nether-Lands.
Fleetwood, I. 70.
Flerus, Battle of, (aye^ England, II. 52.
Fletcher, Attorney General, I. J04, 113.
Fletcher, Andrew, I. 630, 631, 642.
Florence, great Duke of, owns King William.

11.129,323,394.
Foley, Mr. oppofes the Court, II. 109. chofen

Speaker, 144. chofen a fecond time, 160. for

a Land-Bank, 171.
Forbes, hi9\0'p of Edinburgh, 1.22.
Fountain, for making Cro»i<u.W/ King, 1.68.
Fou«tyET, I. 167.
Fourbin, Cardinal, I. 563.
Fourbin, Admiral, knt to Scotland, II. 499, 500,
V 502.

\' Fowler, Dr. I. 462. made Biihop of Gloucefter,

11.76.
Frampton, Bifhop of Gloucefier, deprived, II. 6,

76.
Francis, Father, refiifed his Degrees at C«»iir;<^^

I. 697, 698.
Frazier, fent from St. Cermaim to Scotland, II.

[357,] [358.] his difcovery to the D. of i^««/

bury, [358,] [359,] 37., 373. 375- ,^. ^
Frederick, Eledor Palatine, marries King //r»i«
, I's Daughter, I. 12. chofen King of Bohemia,

' 13. is defeated and flies to //o/Aj«</, >3i>4-
Frederick II. declares for the Hel<vetian Confeflion,

I. i4> »5-

Freeman, Mr. a leading Tory, II. 488.

Frjinch, the, their King's Pretenfions to Flanders,
I. 253. his fuccefs in Holland, 321, 322, 323.
loves Flattery, 332, 333. takes Maejiricht and
' Valsmcienncs, 354,403. and Bouchain, 404. de-
clines a Battle, 405 . is angry at the Prince of O-

* rjwgf's marriage, 410, 411. takes Ghent and I-
pr.es, 41 2. feizes on Lttxemburgh, 564. his dif-
pates with the Pope, 595> 759- warns K. J^ames
of the Prince of Orange's deligns, 766. offers him
Troops, 767. and threatens the 5rfl/« in cafe of
an Invafion, 768. prohibits Dutch Manufactures,

769. his Manifcllo of War againft the Emperor,

770, 771. 772. and againll the Pope, 772, 773.
£aj/a«</ proclaims War againft him, JI. 12. the
Joy in France upon Report King Jf'illium \V»5 Jiil-

VOL. II.

led at the Bojnr, JO. the French gain the Bittle of
Flerus, 52. beat the Confedcratcj at Sea, 53. a-
iarm the Englip Cnaft, 54. gain the Banie of
Steeniiri znd Namur, 96,97, 100. gam the Bat-
tle of Landen, 1 1 21 take Charleroi, 113. la^e
fome of the Englip and Dutch Smyrna Fleet, 115,
116. ofl'er the Duke of A«jou to iifxiin, 1 23, 131.
they try to get a Peace, 113, 132. break their
Ctfr/^/, but forced to obfenrc it, 151, ijj, 164, 16;,
1 66, 1 67, 1 68 . new Attempts by them for a Peace,
179, 180, 194, 199, 200, 201. they conclude a
Treaty at K\/wick, 201, 202. they treat Ibr %
Partition of the i*a/r/* Monarchy, 223, 224, 23),
232, 233. break their Treaty upon the King bf
^<z;Vs Death, 251, 2)2, 253. corrupt a Party in
Parliament, 257,258. negociate with the 5/fl///,
259, 260, 270. own the Pretender King of Eng-
land, 293, 294. join the Elcdtor of Davana,
348, 349. beat the Germans and take Augih/y-^
anii Landau, 351. difcover the Duke of .Vaioj'i
Dcfigns, 355. feize on his Troops in their icr
vice, ibid, are beat at Blenheim, 385. their
Credit low, 412,468, 503. their Preparation in
1706- 446,447. lorced to raife die Siege of Bar-
celona, 448. beat at Ramellies, 450. lofe many'
Towns, 431, 453. evacuate Italy, 468. try ft>r
Peace, 474. their Succcfs at i>tolhoJ'efr,^-j6. fink
many capiul Ships at Toulon, 478. their Dcfcent
in 5cff//aW unfuccefsfuU 499, 500, 501, 502, 503.
furprize Ghent and Bruges, 504. beat at Oude-
narde, 505. and at Liffinghen, 507, 508. lofe
Lijle, CIO, 511. negotiate for Peace, 526,527.
their King will not ratify the Preliminaries agreed
on, 529, cjo. further Negotiations, 549, 550,
551. lend Minifters to Gtrtruydemberg, 551, 552.
nothing concluded, 552, 556. their Preliminaries
in 1711,580. tlieir Propofals at Vtnchi, 599.
they beat the E-arl of Albemarle at Deiiain, 610,
611. take Marchienncs and ^e/niy irni DoMcay,
61 1 . their Princes of the Blood renounce all Rigiit
to the Crown of Spain, and King Philip to the
Crowh of France, 612,613. t^^X cieli ver vl^ Dun-
kirk to be demolifti'd, 609, 61 5. theirTreaty with
England and the States, 617,618. their Treat/
of Commerce with £»^/aW, 619,62c. they fend
the Pretender away to Lorrain, 618.

Friend, in the Plot of Invafion, II. 1 72. abfolved
a.: Tyburn, 174.

Frost, fent by Saville with a Forgery to Scotland,

1.28.

Frost, a hard one, II. 511.

Turstemberc, Prince of. Dean of Cologne, feized,
1.354. made Cardinal, 758. pretends to be Co-
adjutor of Cologne, 759, 760, 761. the Frcnc^
King efpoufes him, 776J 77».

GAcE, informs Crowu.*// about the Wejl-Inditu
1.74.

Gallas, Count, the Emperor's Ambaflador, I^.
580.

Galwat, Earl of, (fee Rouvicny) fent to Sa-
'voy, II. 176, 177. General in Tortagal, 389.
lofes his Arm at Badiyos, 423. takes Alcantara^
444. marches into £^;», 445. takes Ciudad-Ra-
dcrigOi 448. lofes the Battle of Almanxa, 47J,
478, 479. returns to Portugal, 487, 492. his
Conduftccnfuredby the Houle of Lords, 559, 56^^
561, 562.

Garrard, ^viSamueU H- SJS, 539.

Garrow AY, I. 351.

Gauden, Bifhop, Author of E ikon Bn/Jike, I. 51.

Gaultier, Abbot, II. 580.

Gaunt, Mrs. her Execution, I. 649.

Gee, I. 674.

Genoa, bombarded, I. 592. tl)fir Submilllon ^19
France, 504. II. 131 .

George, Prince. SeeDtNMARK.

Germany, Campaigns there, II. 28. 98. in, 128,
152, 154, 323,327, 348, 383,384, 38^,386, 414,
418,451,476,481,509,531,557,575.

9£ Otm<

C749

'y^o

INDEX.

Gertruydemberc, Conferences there, H- 551.

5 52, 607.
GiBRAtTAR, taken by Sir George Rook, II. 388,

389. beiitgedby the frwcA, 391,392. theSiege

railed by i^«^. 4'3-
Gibson, Colonel, Deputy-Governor of £;ifrtfr, I.

793.

GiLMORE, I. 116. is PrefidentoftheSeflion, 124.

GiNKLE, General, 11.66, 73. takes Jt/j/one, 79.
gains the Battle of Aghrem, and reduces Ireland,
79, 80, 81 . made Earl oi Athlone, 82. See Ar h-

LONE.
GlRALD, 1.445.

Glasgow, Dean of, fent to King William from the
Epifcopal Party in Scotland, II. 23.

Glencairn, Earl of, I. 58, 60,92, 104. made
Chancellor of S«^/a»</, no, 112, 113, 155. op-
pofes Sharp's Violence, 205 .

Glencoe, Maffacre there, 11.88. enquired into
by the Parliament, 156, 157, 162.

Gloucester, Dake of, his Charafter, I. 170.

Gloucester, Duke of, put in a method of Edu-
cation, II. 210, 211. his Death and CharaSer,
245, 246.

Glyn for making Cromwell King, I. 68.

GoDDEN, 1.445,446, 447.

Godfrey, S'li Edmondiury, his Charafter, I. 428.
is murdered, and his Body found, 428, 429, 439.
his Murderers difcovered, 445.

Godolphin, Sir William, I. 430.

GoDOLPHiN, Mr. in the Treafury, I. 454. li's
Charafter, 478. for the Exclufion, 487. Secre-
tary of State, 592. is in the Scheme laid at the
Dutchefs of Port/mouth's, 604. one of the Queen's
Houlhold, 621. fent by K. James to the Pr. of
Ora/ige, Jgi^.. again in the Treafury, 11. 4. made
Lord Treafurer by Q^Annc, 313, 353, 370, 399,
400. declares for the Whigs, 426, 487, 516, 519.
raifes the publick Credit, 438. his Zeai for the
Union, 468. prevails to have Mr. Harley dif-
mifs'd, 495, 546. is himfelf turn'd out, 552. and
attack'd by the New Minillry, 567, 568, 573, 574-
his Death, 61 4.

Goodenough, I. 542, 544, 576,651.

Goodman, Evidence as to the Plot of Invafion, II.
»74, 183.

Goodwin, John, a Fifth-Monarchy Man, I. 67,
163.

Goodwin, Thomas, an Exprefiion of his in Prayer,
1.82.

Gordon, 1. 19, 25.

Gordon, Duke of, Governour of £^/»ia»-^^ Caftle,
I. 804. maintains it for K. James, 11. zz.

Gould, Judge, II. 367.

GovAN executed, I. 127. a Jefuit, his Trial, 444,
464.

GowER, Lucon, Mr. II. 314. made a Peer, 344.

Gowree's Confpiracy, a Circumftance omitted by
all the Hiftorians, I. 18, 19.

Grafton, Duke of, joins the Prince of Orange,
I. 791 . killed at the Siege of Cork, II. 60.

Graham, I. 506. II. 69, 71.

Grandval undertakes to kill K. William, II. 9S-
is executed, and confefles it, 96.

Granvill, Mr. II. 314. made a Peer, 344.

Green, I. 445, 446.

Greenvill made Earl of JSa//^ I. 98. SeeBAXH.

Gregg, his Correfpondence with France, II. 494.
is condemned and executed, 495, 496, 497.

Grey, Lord, his Trick in paffing the Habeas Cor-
pus Ai\, 1.485. meets Monmouth zt Shepherd's,
537. efcapes out ef the Tower, 549. meets
Monmouth in Holland, 630,631. his ill Conduft,
642. is pardoned, 646.
Grey DON, Admiral, commands a Squadron in the
Wejl-Indies, II. 359. attempts Placentia unfuc-
celsfully, 359, 365.

Grim stone, Sir Harhottle, preffes the Treaty in
the Ifle of Wight, I. 44. charges Cromiuell with
force on the Parliament, 45, 85. is chofen Speaker,
159. made Mailer of the Rolls, ibid. 380. his
Charafter, 381. his Wife's, 382. his Death,
597-

Grotius, I. 305, 316.

Grove, Dr.made Bilhop of Chichejier, II. ^6.

GuELbERMALSEN, II. 326.

Guilford, Lord, II. 271.

Gu isE, Houfe of, try to embroil EiigliinJ, I. 6, 7.

GuiscARD, his Attempt on Mr. Harley, II. 566.
wounded in Council, ibid, dies of his Wounds, 567.

Gu NN iNG, Bilhop, a Manager at the SatMiy Confe-
rence, I. 181, 436, 590.

GuN-PowDER Plot, I. 11.

GusTAVus, Adolphus, 1.314.

Guthry's Remonftrance to King Charles, I. lli,
126. his Speech and Execution, 127.

GuTHRY, an Incendiary, I. 233, 237.

GwiNN, Mrs. I. 609.

H

HABEAS Corpus Aft carried by a Trick, I.
485. the Minillry indemnified for breaking

it in Time of Danger, II. 66, 103.
Hackston, his Execution, I. 511.
Hadintoun, Earl of, a Promoter of the Union,

II. 460.
Hague, 1.22,24. a Congrefs of Princes there, II.

71, 72. Negotiations tuere tor i-eace, 526, 527,

529,530.
Hales a Banker, his Trial, I. 599.
Hale, Sir Mattheiu, moves for jimitations on rc'

lloring tne King, I. 88. for a LomprelienCon,

259. his opinion as to Treaion in i ojd kuJpcN

cale, 554.
Hale, Sir Ednuard, his Trial on tfie Telt Aft, I.

669. follows King y,aCT£.( Of) liiid n a, 796
Halewyn, 1.48,315. nis Ci.ai after, 328,337,

37$-

Hall, Dr. made Bifhop of 0.*/o?v/, I. 740.

Hall, Dr. made Bilh<.p oi brijiol, II. 76.

Hallifax, Marqais of, his Charafter, I. 267.
oppoles the Telt, 384, dilmifs'd from Council,
398, 401, 402, 424, 431, 434. is again in Coun-
cil, 454. againlt the Exclufion, but for Limita-
tions, 455, 469, 476, 481, 482. Commons ad-
drefs againft him, 484. his expedient, 486. is
for Lord Stafford, 492, 496. his faying about Ad-
dreffes, 501, 507, 521. oppoles Lord Rochefter,
531. his Services forgot, 5 3 2, 5 62 . brings Mon-
mouth into favour, 573, 574, 575. his Jell on Ro-
chefter, 592, 602. his Jelt on a Siam Miffionary,
60 J . complains of Razures in the Treafury Books,
605. moves in Council to examine who have ta-
ken the Tell, 652,653. difmifs'd, 654. argues
for the Tell, 665. meets at Lord Shre'wshury's,
712, 764. fent by King James to the Prince of
Orange, 794, 800, 801, 807, 818, 819, 820.
made Privy-Seal, II. 4. is attacked in the Houfe
of Lords, and quits the Court, 34. heads the op-
pofition,. 104. his Death, 149, 150.

Hallifax, Lord, (fee Montague) II. 255, 261.
impeached by the Commons, 265, 266, 267, 274.
his Anfwer, 274. acquitted by the Lords, 280,
316. his Projeft for a publick Library, 370,440,
441. argues for the Union, 464,491, ^z^.

Hallo way's Confpiracy, I. 542. and Execution,
576.

Halloway, Judge, I. 743.

Halton, Lord, 1.299,413,415. charged witk
Perjury, 514.

Hamburgh, Sedition there quelled, II. 484.

Hamden, his Charafter, 1.539,541. fent to the
Tower, 552. his Trial, 576, 578,629, 646. ad-
vifes a Claufe in King William's Speech, II. 6.

Hamilton, Duke of, I. 29. his fecret Powers,
36. in favour with C/.'ar/f J 1 1. 52,53.

Hamilton, Duke of, his Charafter, I. 103, 118.
againft relloring Epifcopacy, 132, 154. Prefident
of the Convention, 239, 245, 286, 298, 299, 338,
362, 363, 364, 369,372, 375,400. complainsof
the Highlanders quartered in the Well, 419, 439,
469, 512. for the Succeflion in the Duke of ?or^,
5 1 3, 680. with others oi the Snutch Nobility ad-
drcffes the Prince of Or<f>^f, 805. is Prefident of

the

I N D E ]Ci

thft ConventiAfl in 1689, II. 21 « 23. is Q>inmir-
fioner of Parliament, 24, 25, 26. refufes it in 1693,
61. is Commitliuner in i6>^3, 120. hi« Death
and Cbaraflcr, 1 49. _

IIamilton, Duke of, his Son, IT. 32i,l7£, 398,
459,460. oppofes the Duke of ^f^/i/^ry, 519.
made Duke of 5>-a/»'//'/. 586. relufcd to be aa-
mitted bv the Houfe of Lords, 587. appointed
Ambaflaaor to France, 61 1, 612. killed by Lord
Mohun in a Duel, ibid.

Hamilton, Dutchefs of» I. 276,295,785. II.

4S9-
Hamilton heads the Rebeb at B»th>w€ll-Britlgt, t.

47>-
Hamilton, General, fen t to treat with Tyrctnntl,

I. 8c8. King fViJJiam'i humanity to him at the
Boyne, II. 60.
Hamilton, Bi(hop of G<j//o'U'ay, I. 133, 134.
Hamilton made Bifhop of Dunkdi, 1 . 68 1 .
Hammond, Henry, his C'hara£ler, I. 177.
Hanmer, ^ixThomas, II. 488.
Hanover, Duke of, I- 757- quits the rr^wfiJ In-

tereft, ll. 8j. made an Eleflor, 84, 230.
Hanover, (Dutchefs of,) Eledrefs of, propofed to
be named in the Succeilion, II. 15, 16. is named,
245, 270, 27 1 . a further fecurity for their Succef-
fion, 340. Defigns to invite her ovei-, 407. de-
bated in Parliament, 429, 436. a Regency in cafe
of abfence, 431, 433, 434. her Succeffion gua-
rantee'd, 595,596, 597, 598, 613,614.

Hanover, Eleftorof, her Son, has the Garter fent
him, 11.271. furprizes the Dukes of ^o^ni«///?
xnd Saxe Gotba, 321,322. commands the Arm v
on the Rhine, ^^i, 50^, 523, 531, 532. his Mi-
nifter's Memorial againll the Treaty with France,
581* J82.

Hanover, ^leAoral Prince of, marries the Prin-
cefs of Anffach, II. 480. has Precedence in the
Houfe of Lords, by Aft of Parliament, 587,590.

Harbord, Sir Char/et, his Chara£ler, I. 3S6.

Harbord, Mr. II. dg.

Harcourt, Marefchal de, II. 531.

Harcourt, I. 444. his Trial, 464, 467.

Harcourt, Sir Simon, II. 314. draws the Aft
of Union very artfully, ^65. adheres to Mr.
Harlty, 4.88. lays down with him, 496. Coun-
cil for Sachewrel, 540. made Attorney-Generaly
553. and Lord-Keeper, ibid.

Hardv, Captain, II. 332.

Hare, Dr. 11.600.

Ha R LAY, Prefxdent of the Parliament oi Paris, 1.
565. II. 200.

Harley, Mr. oppofes the Court, II. 109, 171. is
chofcn Speaker, 255, 256, 270, 290. is chofen a-
gain, 333, 381 . IS made Secretary of State, 381,
467. fets up independent of Lord Godohhin,
486, 487, 488, 489, 491, 493, 494. lays down
his Employment, 496. his Spies ill chofen, 497.
contrives a change' of Miniftry, 546, 547, 552,
553. promotes Enquiries into Abties, 562, 563.
IS ftabbed by Guifcard, 566, 567. is made Earl of
Oxford z^ii Mortimer, i^. See OXFORD. ^

Haro, 1.85. II. 331.

Ha r r incton, I. 67. for chufing Parliaments by
ballot, 83.

Harris fent by King James to affift in the AiTaffl-
nation, II. 166.

Harrison, the Regicide executed, 1. 16».

Harvey, his anfwer to the King, I. 383.

Hascard, Dr. I. C96.

Haversham, Lord, his fay ing at a Conference, II .
278. it raifes great Contefts, 279, 285, 429, 491 .

Hawkins, I. 504.

Hay, I. 23.

Hedges, Sir Charles, II. 298. Secretary of State,

314-
Heinsius, Penfioner, II. 550, 531,607.
Hemmings, Apothecary, his Story of the Prince of

• W'a/w's Death, I. 753.
Henly, Mr. his Story ofKing Charles's Death, I,

61,0.

:-i

Hinjly, Prince, believed to be pftifontd, J. 10.

HiaacRT, Sir Edward, Chief Jullice, 1. 669.
iocs the Weftern Circuit, 672. made an cccle-
n-iftical Commiifioner, 675. a Judge in the feven
Bifhops Trial, 743.

Herbert, Admiral, againll repealing the Teft, I.
671. tpn ovtr to Hoi/and, 762. is Lieutenant-
GtncraT of the Dutch Fket, 774, 775, 778, 779,
781, 786. made Ek\ oi Ttrringloi, II. 5. Sc$

TORRIMOTON.

Her v ALL, De, his account of the Duke of ^ivmr,

"•355-
Hervey, Mr. made a Baron, II. 345.
HetsE, Landgrave of, I. 757. II. 99, no, 11),

230, 387.
Hf.sse, a Princebf, II. 194, 243, 151. Goveroour

oi Gibraltar, 389. his biave derence of it, 391,

^02. goes With King C/>ar//i to Catalonia, 419.

Killed in attacking Fort Montjui, 422.
Hesse, a Prince of, defeated by Count Mlriii'v/^ II.

4S'5-
Hewes< I. 510.
Hey LIN, I. CO.
HicKS, Dr. I. 416. 11.603.
Hide, Chancellor, I. 60,74, 88, 89,52. SccCla-

REKOON.

Hich-Chi;rch, the Diftinftion between it aAd

Z,(mj-C^«>fA when begun, 11. 249, 250, 347.
Hill, I. 445, 446.

Hill, General; his Expedition to C«*'aii», II. $^7.
HoADLEY, Mr. hl» Charatter and Writings, II.

538-
IIoBBES, I. 166. hii Le-vi at ha^, J 87.
Holland, Sir John, II. 371.
Holland. Difordcrs tliere, I. 13. SeeDwTCM.
HoLLEs, Lord, his advice how to fave Lord Straf-

ford, I. 32. and end the Civil War, 38, 40, 44.

his charafter, 97. and conduft in France, loy-

oppofes the Teft, 384, 401 , 434. againft the Bi-

Ihops Votes in Treaiion, 460.

Holmes attacks the Dutch SnyrnaTleet, I. 307.

Hni.MEs cftrreiiMjnJi with jir^ite, I. 584.

Holstein, Dukr of, II. 230, 243, 244, 329.

Holt, Sir John, made Chief Jullice of the King's
Bench,- II. 5, 242. his behaviour in the affair of
Ailetbuni 367, 408, 472. his Death and Charac^
ttr. 54£

Home s Tfial, I. 524, 525.

Ho N e's Execution, L 559.

Hooper, Dr. I. 674. 11. 2^2. is made a BiJhop,
and Oppofes the Union, 464.

Hope, Siilicmas, I. 2^.

Horneck, Dr. II. ^18.

Houch, Dr. chofe Prefident of iifa^(to//» C»//(«f^ I.
699. turned out by the Ecdefiaiiical Commifiion,
706. is made Bilhop of Oxford, II. 76.

HoWARDof £/friV^, Lord, 1. 29.

Howard, L<jrd, I. 374, ^75, 430, 5OJ. brings
Monmouth and Sidney acquainted, 539, 543, 546,
549, 550. his Confeffion and Examination, 551.
Evidence againft Lord /f»^/, 553. 554i ?55- a-
gtijiH Sidney, 57i» 573. 574- and f/a/Mwr, 576.

Howard, Cardinal, I. 601.

Howe, John, Mr. II. 334, 33$, 338, 34^.

HOWEL, I. 230.

Hu BERT confeffes fetting fife to London, I. 230.

HuddlEston gives King Charles 11. the Sacra*-
ment, I. 607.

Hume, Sir Patrick, correfponds with .^/rfi//, 1. 629.

Humieres, 1.563,564.

HungaKy, Wars there with the 7«r*/, H. 82, 99,
131, 156, 178, 204. aPeacc, 204 thv Hungarians
revolt, 289,393,350. an accommodation treated
Without fucceis, 394. Campaigns there, 424,445,
472, 514, 536. all Matters accommodated, 568.

Huntington, Earl of. 271. his Bravery, 325.

Huntley, Marquifs of, kills the Earl cA Mttrray,
1.19,37.

Hutchinson, I. 276, 28<. refufcs Ltightmtn'i
Terms for a Comprehenton, 290, 291,295, 296,

'^^' HUTT.N,

7?I

1?£

f'N D E X.

1-IuiTorr, Dr. Phyficjan to King William,^ gives
two remarkable Inllances of his equality^ of Tem-
per, II. CO, 60.

Hu Y taken by King Willidnf.'lf. i z%?'' ^

JAmes I. King, his Minority, I. 6! ' inclines
fecretly to fiance, 7. the Kirk difgufted at
his ficklenefs in Religion, 8. his mif-cdnduft,
9. fets up F.pifcopacy in Scotland, 10. afraid
of the Jefuits, 11, 12. will not acknowledge the
Eleftor Palatine King of Bohemia, jj. parts
with the Dutch cautionary Towns, 1 5 . dirrtinifheS
the power of the Crown, 1 6. his Death and Gha:
rafter, 17. '
James II. King, (fee Yo r k,) begins his Rfiign with
great advantage, I. 617. his Education,' 618.
iearned War under Turenne, 619. is proclaimed
with great Ihouts, 620. Addreffes from Oxford
and London, ibid. Cuftomsand Excil'e levy'd with-
out law, 621, 622. goes openly to Mafs, 623.
his courfe of life, 624. ibmmons a Parliament,
625. his Coronation, 628. his fuCcefs againft
Monmouth iL\A Argik, 647^' Crueltit's of Soldiers
and oijcffcries in the Well, 64S. the Nation turned
by them, 651. Diiputes about the Teft, 652. the
King's Declaration agaift'lt tlie Tell Aft, 654. the
Comipons addrefs tor obferving the Aft, 666.
fcme Xfembers clofettedi otj^ers difgraced for their
voting, 667. the Judges confulted as t* the King's
difpenfing Power, 669. the Tell neglefted, 672.
an Ecclefiaftical Commiflioh, 671-. he fends th?
Earl of Mtujay to hold a Parliament iri Scotland,
679. the Farjianient will not take off the Teli
there, 680, aiid is dilToIyed; '681. the King makes
IVIrs. Sidley, Cpuntefs of Dbrchejler, 682, 683, 684,
685. attempts to bring Papilts into the two Uni-
verfitics,' 696, 697, 698,699. the Prefident and
fellows o( Magdalen College turned out, 700, 701 .
the King courts the Diffenters, 700, 702. his Ar-
my enQa.m^s oi\ .HounJlo-w-Ueatb, 703. fends an
Ambiiflador to, Rome, 704, 705 . and Albe-ville En-
,,Voy to Holland, 708, 709. the. King's .4efighs[dif-
dofed by tlie Jefuits at Liege, 711. by his Procla-
mation In Scotland \ie claiiris abfolute Povyer, "712,

713. his Declaration for Toleration in £Kj7ifW,

714. Addreffes of the Diffenters, 715. thePar-
}'^fti^ml dillblved, 716. the Pope's^I^uncio re-

'ceived, ibid, the King's Prpgrefs, 717. ' changes
the Magillrates over "Ehglajid, 718. . <Jueftions
put about Eleftions, 719; ~ his letter to the Princefs

[of Gfi««f^ ajpout Religion, 720, 721, 722. h(^r
^^rif\yer, 72^^,723,724. S/iiwari/ in favour, 711.
t. Peire a Privy Counfellor, 733. the King de-
mands his Regiments in the 5»«to fervic^e, 7^4, , a
nevviDeclaration for Tolefatioh, 736. the Clprgy'
refure to read it, 738. the Biffiops petition ag^infl:
■ it, 7^9, 74fl^. ,. are fenrt(),.^lie "I'bwer, 741'. 'are
tried in Weliminfter Hall, 74'z, 743 . great joy .at
their a.ce[ultfal^ 744. tlie Clergy cited, 74j-.: tjie
Queen gives out ihe is with 'child, 748. an'Sc-
count of the birth. of that'Child, 749, 750, "75 ii,:
752,753,^754. a Fleet fet out, "75 5. the 'Cbiirtj
alarmed, 756; 766. . Lord Dartmouth commands'
the ?\<(ft,' ibid. Irijh Recruits refufed by.iKe .
Officersof the Army, 767. the Frfscy&.Trobps xe-
fufe4,_76^\^ .the Earl of .SaW«7««ii' prevents the ,:
feizing lufj^efted Perfons, 783, 784. Proofs' (Jif the

. Birtho.fchepr. Pr.of 0^a/f^; 785, 786. ;the Fleet
is forced'badc into Portf^nouth, 789. the Kipg
com^s to ^alijhury, 790. njany forfake'.him,r ,7'9'i .
the Princefs of Denmark tjoes, 792. he returns ,to
J^do% 7^93. jfen-ls for the L9rds there,.and,by tTieir
advice ^jitls ■to. treat with. t/ie. Prince of ^/;««?.f,

.,79.+.' ,fliraDgeicounfel:^Df,the Priefts, 795. "uie
King goes away in tfifguife, 796. taken' and

, broU]^ht-..to, ffi'!;^</^«»?,,- 797^... Advice^, giv^p. as ."to
his Perfon, 79I brouglit.i*a/'f&>f^'2^4.?98.i !fent
uhder a Dulch Guard to Rochefter, 801 . "his cWn
preiTeSjh^n to come to France, 804. he fliesfhi-
thcr, ibid, a Party forming for him in England,

II. 13. his Great Seal found ill i\\t1hatnes, 16.
his conduft at the French Court ruins his AfFairt, i".
goes to Ireland, ibid. Cabals in Scotland in his
Javour, 1 8- forced to raife the Siege of Londonderry
AiiA Innijkillin, 18, 19. fome Whigs in hii Interelt,
36, 37. his conduft in Ireland, 47,48, 50. his
behaviour at the 5o)'««', 51. leaves Ire/and, 51,52.
flighted in France, 57. his Partifans in Scotland
dilperfed, 6 1 . Plots there in his favour difccvercd,
62, 63. he intends a Defcent on England, 92.
in a Plot againft King William, 95. the Abjura-
tion of him not carried, 103. MidJletouni, propo-
fitiontohim, 122. his Declaration, ibid. Char-
nock and the Earl of Ailesbury lent to him, 1 48.
he grants a CommilTion to attack King William's
Perfon, 165, 1 66. is ready to invade Englakd, 1 66,
167, 168. Berkeley who had his Commiffion a-
fcapes, 167, 168, 203, 217. his DcathandCha-
rafter, 291', 292, 293.

Jake, Dr. I. 684.

JtFfERiES, Sir f/Vcr^?, 1.484,556. made Chief*-
Juflice, 567, 570, 572, 578, 579, 580, 591, 598,
599. his Cruelty in the Weft, 648. made a Ba-
ron, ihid. artd Loid- Chancellor, 665, 675, 69!^,
702, 7^4. fent to the Tonuer, "jtyj.

Jefferies,, Lord, 11. 271.

Jekyll, Sir J ofeph, 11. 371. a Manager in j'ijr'ffe,
<i;^rf//'s Trial, 540. '. '

Jenkins, Sir Lionel, Plenipotentiary at Caiogtie, T.
354. and at Nimeguen, 422, 440. made SeCi'e-
tary of State, 481 . his Violence as to the City of
London, 528,529,530,531,544. difmill, 592.

Jen N ISO :», his Evidence in the Popifh Plot, 1. 448.

Jermyn, Earlof 5a. .^/i<j»r, 1.40. , '

Jersey,' F.^irlof, II. 241, 242, 260, 261, 262, 'Ji 6,
38 1 . employed in treating with France,^io. ' his
Death, ibid. ' - ' ',' ' '

Ingoldsbv, I. 85.

Innjskillin, Siege of, II. 19.

JOHNSTOUNE, 1.764,766. II. 87, 93, I 57, 1 fizl *

396, 400. _ .

JoHNSTOUNE, S\T Patrick, II. 462.

Jones, I. 396, 434, 455, 481, 492, 493, 496, 49?,'
500, 508, 568.

Jones, Biihop of St. Afofh, II. 227.

Joseph,, King of the Romans, takes Landau, .IF.
327, 3^6. fucceeds Leopold his Father as Em rt-
R o R, 417. his feparate Treaty for evacuating 1-
taly, 472. is Caufe of difapipointing the Defign
upon Toulon, 474,476,478. Naples redacedtaidi'
Obedience, 480,481. his Death, 568.

Ireland, the War there, after the Revolution, IL
18, 19,' 47", 48, 49, 50, 51, 52. wafted by the
Rapparees and Soldiers, 61,66. reduced by G/«-
kle, 78, 79, 80, 81. a Parliament there, 86. a-
nother in 1695, 15^. Truftees of the forfeited
Eftates there, 290, 291 , 297. Whig and Tory
prevail there, [360. J the Papift's Efiates fplit by
Aft of Parliament, ,361, 362. the Proteftants di-
vided, [360 J 427. and the Clergy there, 526.

Ireland jhisTrial, 1.443,448,450.

Ireton, the Author of K. Charles the firft's Ddsii,,
1. 46, 49y - . A ' ' ■

Irish MalTaCTe, l.^l^. "^

■Xo 1 ,

Ironside, Dr. made Bifhop ofBueford, II. 76.
Isabella, Archdutchefs, I. 1-3,48.
Itai-y, CajTJpaigns there, II. 84, ico, iii, 154,
176, 348, '3^50, 418, 445. evacuated by W^Frcnch,

Ju DGESa a- Bill t;o make theij' Salaries for Life, II.

;86 " '•, ; ; :-' ' • "; " _ . - ; '

JusTi'^E^, Lords, during K.' ^/V/m^j's abfence, II,
JwjoNi.made Archbifhop oi Canterbury; 1. 176.

KE:ELiNG!'1lraws the^Ad 6f Uniformity;' J'.' i'?4V
•KjrtLriNC, his Depofitions, I. 544, 559:'
Xeiserwaert, Siege' of, II- 28, 323, 324.
Keith, George, leaves the Quakers, II. 248, i'49.
Keith, in a Plot, IL 371, 372, 373, 376, 377-

K£>>

INDEX.

7??

Kek, Blftiop, hisCharafter, I. 591. attends King
Charlei on his Death -Bed, 607, 608. and the
Duke of Monmouth at liis Kxecution, 64J. per-
fuades the Clergy to take the Oaths, 1 1. 67. but
does not take them himleU, ibiJ.

Kennet, Dr. II. 281.

Krnt, Earl of, made Lord-Chambeilain, II. 381.
made a Duke, 1:46. has the Garter, 61 z.

Keppel, maAe'E»x\ oi Albemarlt, 11.224.

Ker, I. 2;i.

Keys, in the Aflaflination-Plot, II. 171, 172.

Kid, fentagainll Pirates 'u\X.\\e Eajt- Indies, II. 2j6.
turns Pirate, 237. taken and hanged, 265, 266.

KiLLicREw, in the Admiralty, II. 104.

KiLLOCK, I. 37.

KiNCARDiN, Earl of, his CharaAcr, I. 103. a-
gainlt Epiicopacy, 132. and Sharp's Violence,
21 1 , 245, 247, 275, 290, 376. turned out of the
Council, 400, 439, ;i4.

King, aPhyiician, I. 606.

King, Dr. Archbilhop of Z)«i//», II. 538.

King, in the Aflallination-Plot, II. 171, 172.

King, Sit Piter, a Manager in SacbevereitiTiial,
II. 540.

Kirk, I. 647, 765. II- 1 9-

KiRKTOs, a Conventicle Preacher, 1.399,400.

Knichtlv, views the Ground for attacking Kin
William, II. 1 65, 1 66. condemned and pardona
»74-

^ Ake, Bifliopof C*/f*^/r, abfents from Parlia-

M J mcntj II. 6. is deprived, 76.

Lambert, General, 1.84,85. accufed by 0«/«,

431-.
Land.au, taken by the G^rmaju, II. 327. retaken

by the French, 351. taken by the //w^fr;W/)?/ a-
gain, 38c, 386, 387.

LaNDEN, UStttlc of, 11. 112.

La NO HAM, Sir yames, I. 267.

Langhorne, 1. Z30. 430. 431. his Trial and

Death, 465, 466.
Iangston, Colon«l, I. 790.
Lanier, II. 58.

La Rue difcovers the Affaffination-Plot, II. 1^5.
La V 4 r D I Ni Count* enters Rome in a hoftiie manner,

I. 759-
Lauderdale, Earl of, 1.24,25,10, 3,6, 38,47,^2*
53. hisCharafler, 101. perfuades an Indemnity,
105. and deftroying Cr»«<u;<//'s Forts,jiP7. for
Presbytery, 108. made Secretary of State, ii p.
againft a Scotch Council at Whitehall, iij,ii9,
t3t, 1^2, 142, 147. is in the incapacitating lift,
150. accufes Middletoun, eoo, 201, 203, 265.
gives way tb Sharf, 206, 2i i> 21 2, zi 3, 241 , 344,
245, 247, 261, 265, 276, 278, 283. his Speech
to Parliament, 284. paffes the Aft of Supremacy,
286, 288, 289, 290, 291 . fcreens Papifts, 292,
299, 300, 304. marries Lady Dyfert, 306. is
made a Duke aiid has the Garter, 307. his In-
folence, 338. angry at the Prelbyterians, 340,
341 i 342. his violent counfel, 349, 355. a Party
againll him, 363. puts off the SelTion, 364. an
Addrefs to remove him, 365 . is reconciled to Ar-
gile, 369. madd Earl aiGuilfard, 371, 374, 375^
376, 396, 399, 406, 412, 413, 414,415,416.
his violent Adminillration, 417, 418,419, 420^
421, 433, 434, 439. the charge againll him, 469.
heard m Council, 470, 471, 472. draws the In-
demnity after the Rebellion at Bathviell-Bridge,
473. votes againft Lord Stafford, 492, 519, 513.

Lauderdale, Dutchefs of, I. 339, 362, 363.

Lausun commands the French Troops fent to Irt-
land, II. 17. his ill conduft there, 57,61.

Leak, or Lake, Sir John, II. 391 . raifes the Siege
of Gibraltar, 413, 4.^4. and of Barcelona, 447.

Learmoth furprizes ?«rafr, I. 233.

Lee, Sir Thomas, I. 351. his Chara£ler, 389.

Lee, 1. 559.

Leeds, Duka of, II. \jf, acquitted of his Impeach*
ment, zSo.
Vol. II.

Leefdalb difappoints an intended AflaiTination of

K. miliam. II. 95.
Le Fev^ls, Dr. i. 609.
Lio, I. 544.

Leganes, Marquiftof, II. 419.
LtiL'EsTER, Earlof, I. 315.
Leiohtoun, Bilhop, his CharaAer, \. 134, 13^,
136, 137, 138, 139. his Moderation, 140,142,
145, 2M. propolcs a Comprchenfion, 248, 274,
275, 276, 281,284. made ArchbiOtopof GAf^Mv,
z86. his fcheme of aoCommodatlon with thentC-
byterians, 289. his Conferences with them, 29^,
291 . angry at the Aft againll Cunvcntides, 293,
his further Conferences with the Prelbyterians, 295,
296, 207, 300, 339. refigns his Archbifhoprick,
341. his Death, 588, 589.
Lenox, Duke of, I. 6, 20.

Leopold, the Emperor, lofes BelrraJt, II. 65.
beats x.\\e Turks, 82, 83. a great Vifloiy over them
nezT Belgrade, zoy. makes the Peace of C'flr/«wi/z,
204. (ecretly confents to the Partition Treeij, 232,
233, 260, 261. begins the Wjtr with France in
Italy, 264, 285, 286, 287, 288. refufei to own
the Pretender, 293, 294. is in great diJlrcfs, 348,
349, 350, 381, 382. the Duke of Marlborough
faves the Empire, 381,382. the Emperor con-
tinues the War in Hungary, his Death
and Charafter, 416, 417.
Lesley, I. 54.

Lef LEY, Author of the ^r/^Mr^A tl. 538.
L'EsTRANOE, Sir ^flf«-, I. 461.
Levincston defeats the Highlanders, II. 61. ii^

Ihare in the Maflacre at G/encoe, 89, 165.
Lexington, Lord, fent Ambaiiador to Sfaiii, II.

611, 612.
Ley BOURN, a Bifhop fent from Rome, I. 733.
LicHTENsTEiN, Prince of, a Favouritt to King

Charles q{ Spain, II. 422, 443, 449.
Liege, the Faftions there, II. 128.
Limerick. Sicgeof. raifed, II. $8, 59. capittilatet>

80.
Lind.say fent fromK. yaww to Scotland, II. 18,

373'
Linlithgow, Earl of, t.471.

Lisle, Lord, I. 649. his Lady's Charafter and

Execution, ibid.
Littleton, Sit Thomas, I. 231,232, 251, 265.

his Charafter, z^i, 389. 424, 437, 454, 496,498.
LlTi»RCY in Scotland, how prepared, I. 26.
Lloyd, Dr. hisCharafter, I. 190. his account of

theFireof i»;r<&», 231,424, 429, 430, 434, 446,

447, 489, 696, 753, 754, 824. is Bilhopof^w-

eefier, II. 204.
Lloyd, Bilhop oi fJomjuich, abfents from Parliainent,

ll. 6. is deprived. 76, 183.
LoB adviies fending the Biftiops to the Tovjtr, 1. 740.
Lockhart, ?>'k George, ftands it againft the King's

order, 1.370. Council for AC/cm//, ^14. againfi

Lauderdale, ^69, 512.
Lockhart, Sir ya/n«, I. 154.
Lockhart, CromiuelPs Ambaflador in France, t.

77, 86, 227. fent to France by King Charlesll.

, 304. 389. 390-

London* the Lieutenancy in Tory hands, II. 40,

554.
Londonderry, Siegeof, raifed, tl. i8> 19.
Lonsdale, Vifcount, II. 261.
Lorn, Lord, 1.57,58,106. follicits in behalf of

his Father, 123. his Letter intercepted, 148. ii

haftens his Father's Execution, 149, 151. made

Earl of .<^;;f//^ 205. SeeAaciLE.
LoR RAIN, Cardinal, I. jit.
Lothian, Earl of, I. 19, jt, 53.
Lothian, Marquifs of, II. 519.
Louvois, dragoons the Protdiahts, t. 6;8, 6i^

766. is fecretly an Enemy to K. James, II. 1 7,

95-
LovvDUN, Earl of, 1.27,30,44, 124.

Lower, Dr. I, 566, 609.

LowiCK is in the AiMination-Plot, II. 174.

Ludlow, 1. 46.

Lumley, Lord, 1.644,763,766,791.

9 f U-'

in

i>^ D E X.1

LUNENBURGH, Dukc of, I. 757. H- 244.

LuNT, II. 141. fome tried on his Evidence, 142.
LuxEMBURGH, Dukc of, mafches into Holland, I.

335,406. gains the Battle of /"/ff-KJ, 11.52,96.

oi Steenkirk, 97,98. and of Lanien, 112. his

Death, 150.

M.

MAccAiL dies in the Torture, I. 237.
Maccarty, Colonel, I. 601, 602.
Maccland, I. 52, 127.
Macclean, Sir John, his account of a Plot, II.

37i> 372. 373> 374' 375. 376, 377, 378-

Macclesfield, Earl of, I. 780. II. 271.

Macdonalds, from /«/cW, I- 37, 39- oi GUn-
coe, II. 88.

Mackay commands in Scotland, II. 2T. his Ser-
vices in Ireland, 79, 82. killed at Steenkirk, 97,
98.

Mackenzie, I. 469.

Macom, I.' 679.

Macquair, I. 117.

Mag N A Ch A RT A, an original in the Author's hands,

1. 32, 812.

Maintenon, Madame (/<■, II. 95, no, 215, 216,
252, 456, 530.

Manchester, Lord, I. 85. made Lord Chamber-
lain, 98. is for Moderation, 192, 263.

Manchester, Earl of, Ambaffador in France, II.
251. leaves that Court, 293, 294.

Mansel, Colonel, I. 47 |-.

Mansel, Sir Thomas, II. 58?, 496.

Mansfield, Count, II. 328, 350.

Manton, Dr. I. 308.

Mantua, Dukeof, II. 263,286, 287.

Manwaring, Dr. II. 544.

Marchmont, Earl of, promotes the Union, II.
460. • • '

Marlborough, Earlof, (feeCnuRciuLL) takes
Cork and Kin/ale, IL 6o, 85. is difmifs'd, 90,

02. fcnt to the Tim-cr on a forg««l Aocurotion,

I oz, 1 04. Governour to the Duke of Gloucejier,
210,261,262. fent to Holland on Qnetn Anne" i
^cceffion, 3 1 o, 3 1 1 . made Capain-Genetal, 313,
314, 316,324. takes Venlo, Rurcmond, Stmenf- ,
vjaert, lini Liege, 321;. efcapes from a French
Party, 326. beloved m Holland, ibid, made a,
Duke, 327. has Thanks from both HoufeS 6i
'Parliament, ibid. 347. takes Bonne, Huj, Lim-
ioiirg, Guelder and s.h the Condras, 348,349. his
fecrecy in conducing his Defigns, 381, 382. roms
the Bavariams at Schellemberg, 382, 58 J. joifts.
Prince Eugene, 383; the Viflory at Blenheim, 384,
385. is made a Prince of the Empire,, ibid. 386.
his Negociations at feveral Courts, 387, 400. dif-;
appointed by the Pr. oi Baden, 413, 414. breaks
through the French Lines, 415. calms the Divi-
fions in Holland, 41 6. goes to feveral Courts, 41 7,
436. his Viftory at ^a/WZ/Vj, 45O. reduces all ,
Flanders and Brabant, 45 1 . takes OJlend, Menin,
Dender?/ionJ and Aeth, 451, 452, 476, 484, 485.
removes Mr. Harley, 495, 496, 503. his Viftory
at Oiidenarde, 505. nx thoufand of his Men beat
twenty thoufand French, 506, 507, 508. forces
the French Linfes, 509. Lijle taken, 510. and
'.Ghent and. Bruges, 511, 51^.' he is Plenipoten-
jJary for treating with France, '527, 528, 532.
X3.\i.e& fournay, 532. his Viftory at Blareignies,
532, 533. takes Moiis, ibid. 546, 548. takes
Do^ay and FortEfcarf, '■Hdxd. ' rejeflis King Philips
Offers, 550. t&kes Befhune, Jir/, and St. Fenanf,
557. has not the ufual Thanks of Parliament,
564. carries the Queen a fiirrender of his Lady's
Places, 564,05. paffes thfe fr««f/{i Lines, fj6.
and takes Boitch'ain, ibid, retires from Council,
j-82, 5-83. turned out of all his Eraploymeiiis,
5-88. his Prefent frOm the J»^m voted illegal,
i j'92. and the Twoand a half /fr CeiU. from the
foreign Trbops, ibid. Libels againft him, jai,
jr93- P^- Eugene's faying as to one (jf thefe, ibid.
Suits againft him, 61 y. )^\i Inrioceace apparent.

592, 593, 614, 61 J-, on Lord Godslphin^ Death
he goes abroad, 6 if.

Marlborough, Countefsof, and afterwards Dut-
chess, (fee Churchill) is forbid tlie Court, II.
91 , is reflefted on for favouring the Whigs, 429.
Jier Authority quoted, 430. her Interell at Court
declines, 487. b again in fevour, 496. ftie leaves
the Court, 5-46, f47 . and fends a furrender of her
Places, f64, f6f, 614, 6 if.

Marsin, Marefchal, II. 381, 384, 38^. 4j-2,

Martin, I. 67, 161.

Mary, Queen. See Queen Mary.

Masquerades at Court, I. 262.

Massam, Mrs. made Privy Purfe, 11. 564.

Massey, Dean oi Chrijl Church, I. 696.

Matthias refigns the Crown ai Bohemia, I. 12.

Maurice, Elettor of Si?jro«v, I. 310. *

Maximilian againft Perfecution, I. iz.

Maxwell an Incendiary, 1. 23}.

May, Mr. I. 470, 604. '"' -^ ,.•'"

Maynard, Serjeant, 1.68,441,639. his Repar-
tee to K. William, 803. made one of the Com-
miffioners of the Great Seal, 11. 3.

Mayne, Duke (/f, II. 151.

Mazarin, Cardinal, I. 72, 73, 76, 85, 166, 167.'

Meaux, Biftiop of, I. 656. 11.215,216.

Medavi, Count, II. 450. '

Medina, Dukeof, II. 388. fcnt Prifoner to SWff-
•via, 557. "f '

Melfort, Earlof, 1.636,653,783. II. 26,373.

Melvil, Lord, I. 629. Secretary of State for 6V1!/-
land, II. 24. zealous for Prcfbytery, 25, 25, 36.
holds a Parliament as Commiffioner, Oi. givas
uptlie Supremacy and the Rights of Patronage, 62.
advifes an Indemnity, 63.- has Dahimple ]o\nti.
to him in the Secretary's Poft, 74. is removed,
87.

Merci, Count, II. 531, 532.

Meres, I. 452.

Mesnacer brings Preliminaries frcan France, Hi
580. ■

l^^ETHIIEK. L.ord, 1. 19.

Methuen, Mr. his Negotiations in Portwal, II.
289, 290, 323,332. concludes a Treaty there, 351,
352,353.387.388.

Mew, Biihop otWincheJler, I. 590.

Middlesex, Earl of, II. 277.

Middleton, I. 60.

Middleton, Earl of, I. 104, t65, 109. Commif-
fioner and General in Scotland, no, 113, 114.
pafies the refciflbry Aft, n9. inveterate agajnit
Jrgile, 124. zndGuthry, 126, 127,128. difputes
with 'thfe Earl of Cr«Tu/9r</, T29. for Epiftopacy,
131,142,143. for Fines in the Indemnity, 147.
paffes the incapacitating Aft, 150, 151, 153, 1.^4,
155: accufed by Lauderdale, ■ 200. and tni-hed
out, 201, 202. '

Middleton, Earl of, his Son, Secretary of State
for Scotland, I. 592. his advice to Paterjon, 680,
683, 801. goes over to King James with a wife
Propofal, II. 122, ^94, 373.

Militia, aBifi to take it out of the Crown, 11. 14,
206. -

Millington, Dr. I. 609,750.

Milton, his famous Poem, I. 163.

MiNAS, Marquifs^aj, II. 48K

Minorca taken by the Britijh Fleet, II. 512. j

MiRANDOLA, Princefs of, II. 287'. '■.' '' "

MiTcriELL, his Trial for the AtMmpt on^Aj/^.'f.

4»3,4^S- . ■• •. . ,

Modena, Dutcnefs oF, I. 749. ' ' ' '

MoDENA', Dukeof, n.287, 350.
Mo HUN, Lord, killed in' a Duel with D. Hamiinn,

n:6i2. '■' ■ \- .:• , . ' • ; :--'

Monk, General, \eCt to tediic6 Scot/and, 1. 58. de-
fired to declare for the Parliament, 84. breaks
open the Gates of London, 86. declares for the fe-'
eluded Members, ibid. . moves to reftore the King
without Therms,' 89. made Duke of Albemarle, [
and has the Garter, 98. he fends Jrgile's Let-
ters io'S'cotland, 125, i'66}-ii^3i 200. is Admiral

againft the i?»/(/^, 228. ,

Monk-

INDEX.

"7??

M'oKKTON, Mr. aboldfeyingof his, II. 258.

Monmouth, Duke of, I. z6i, 354.438. 454> 47°-
fcnt to fumrefs the Rebellion at Bothviell Bridge,
^j2. his Clemency, 473, fcnt beyond Sea. 4^4.
returns and isdifgrartd, 477. pufties on the tx-
dufion, 487, meets Lord ^«^/ at Shepherd'sy 537,
538, 539. treats with t\\cScotch, 539, 540, 547.
dcapes, 549, 551, 559- *' pardoned, 573. and
again difgraccd, 575, 577. meets the King at
Lady Ptirtfmouth\, 604. difmii'sM from Holland,
6:4, 625, 626, 628, 620. forced to an unripe In-
valion, 630,631. lands at L/W, 640. attainted
by Parliament, 641. defeated and taken, 644.
executed, 645. di« calmly, 646.

Monmouth, Earl of, (fee Mordaunt,) made
firft Commiflioner of the Treafury, 11. 4, 36.
turned out, 41, 277 •

MoNs taken by t\ic French, II. 73. taken by the

Englijh, 533.
Montague, Admiral, comes in toK. CAtfr/w, 1.^7.

made Earl of Sandnxkh, and has the Garter, 98,

219, 221. blows up his own Ship at Solbay, 323.
MoNlAGuE, Lord, Ambaflador at Parii, i. 337,

391, 410, 422, 440, 442, 45$. 481. 487- " an

Earl, 655.
Montague, Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer, II.

108,218. made Lord Hfl//j/^«Ar, 255. SeeHAt-

1. 1 1- A X .

Montague, Sirjaaiw, Attorney-General, II. 553.
MoNTAUsiER, Duke of, 1.565-
Monterey, I. 405.

MoNTEsPAN, Madame, fent to a Nunnery, I. 379.
Montgomery, Colonel, I. 57.
Montgomery, ^vc James, his fervices to K. >f7/-
liam, II. 23. fent with the tender of the Crown

MujORAVE, SitCbriJiofB'ir.U. 108,109,371,410.
411.

NAirn, Mr. his Charaaer, 1. 115, 2S5, 293.
refufes a Bilhoprick, 300.

IN AMUR, taken by the French, II. 97. re-taken by
King U^illiam, 1 j z, 1 c 3 .

Naples, Kingdom of, II. 476. reduced, 430.

Nassau, a Prince of, II. 323, 351*

Neediiam, Dr. I. 609.

NetTHARP, I. 650.

Netherlands, Spanifl?, inaScheme for a Repub-
lick, 1. 4S. put into the Eleftor of Bavar'ui*
hand, II. 84, 8;. the Campaigns there, before
the Peace of Rjfpwick, 28, 52. 54, 77, im. 127.
ICC, 17 c, 193. in the hands of France on the
King of Spaini Death, 257. Campaigns therck
before the Treaty oWhecht, 324, 325, 347, 348,
349, 382, 41 5, 450, 476, 484, 485, 505, 506, 507.
50S, 509, 510, 511, 532, 569. .

Neufchatel, us Succcffion adjudged to the King
oi Prujpa, 11.482.

Nevill, 1. 67, 83.

Newburgh, Earl of, I. 148.

Newcastle, Duke of, Privy-Stal, II. 367.
his Caution in palling Publick Accounts, ibii.
his Death, 580.

Nicholas, Secretary, his Charaftcr, 1.99-

Nicholson, ^ytThomeu, I. 56.

Nisbitt, ^njahn, I. 279.

Nithesdale, Earl of, I. 20, 21.

Noailles, Duke </^ II-557-

Norfolk, Duke of, his Repartee to King y^^w*
I. 684. the Affair of his Divorce, II. 1 26, 127.

Norfolk, Dutchefsof, II. 126, 127, 192.

of Scotland, 2i. difgufted, 2y. enters into a Plot, Normanby, MarquifSoC (fee Mulorave) heads
, i:r.-.....:. i._...:i, „„.„,..„ K.. A.- the Torics, II. 271 , 314. made Duke of B«fl/«g-

ham, ibid. See Buckingham.
NoRRis, Lord, 1.485.
North, Chtef-Juftire, T. 488. 505. made Lord

Guilford, 532,596. hibCharafter, 665.
NoKTtt. Sheriff of ieWen, 1. $28, 52O.
Northampton, Marquifs of, II. izo.
NoRTHEV, Sir Edward, II. 284, 572,602.
Northumberland, Earl of, I. 40, 41, 169,618.
Nottingham, Earl of, 1.420,452,460. High

Steward at Lord Stajhrd's Trial, 49c, 492, 496.
Nottingham, Earl of, liis Son, attacks Lord CuiV-
ford, 1.665. meets at Lord Shreivsbury\, 712^
764. (/bnt by King James to treat with the Prince
oi Orange, 794, 803. for ia Printe Regent, 810,
811. made Secretary of State, II.. 3.. againft de-
claring the Afts of the Convention valid, but for
enading them, a2. brings in many Tbfies, 86.
difputes with Aamiral Rujfel, 94, loi, 104.' is
' dilmifs'd, 123, 129, 143, 297, 301.. madeSecre-
tary of State by Queen .^n/j?, 314, 346, 352, 373*
375, 376, 377. refigns his Employirient,; '381.
oppofes the Union, 46^. is againll 5^a/» and the
Wejl'lniies remaining in the Hpufe of Baiirbon,
583,584. carries tht Occafimat Bill, 5S4, 585.
for adurefling the Que^n to treat in Concert with her
Allies, 587,588. oppofes an En^uiry'intb King
. . William's Grants, 605, 606.

35,36,37. difcoversit, but will not name his Ac

complices, 63.
Montgomery, Lord, II. 173.
MoNTjui, Fort, taken, 11.422,447.
Montrevel, Marefchal, his Cruelty in th« Ce-

•vennes, 11- iS^'iSJ- , , , ,, , „

Montrose, Earl of, his brave undertaking, I. 30,

C17 18 is routed and his Papers taken, 39. his

Offers to the King, 5 2. his Conftancy at his Exe-

•cution, 53, 57- ,..■.„ t -

Montrose, Marquifs of, his i)on, i- >25- .
Montrose, Marquifs of, his Son, for the Union,
II. 469. made a Duke, ibid oppofes the Duke
of ^ueen&ury, iig. ■ tr t c\.

MooT; Sir John, Lord-Mayor, appoints North She-
riff, I.J18, fi9, yjo. _ ,
Moor, ^r/^ar, II. 622. „ ■i.il ««
Mordaunt. Lord, I. 66f, 762. 7^<'- ^ ^«°n-

MOUTH. 1^.,

More, Dr.Henry. I. 187. 462. -

More, Dr. I. 462. Bifhop of Nor'wtch n.^jb.

and of Ely, 488. • n v-

Morel of Berne, his account of a Plot agamft King

miiiam.'ii. 96. \^ ;,jj.;;

MORLAUD, I. 66, 77. ^ttT'li

Morley, 1. 88, 170. made Biihop <XWorctJler,

1 77 and of mnchejier, 1 84. his acconnt ot the

Dutchefs of rori's Religion, 309. his D«at^. and

Charafter, f 90. '.„ .

Moji R ICE, Secretary, his Charafter, 1. 99-: ■

Moulin, £>», I. 374' 378; i c^

MuLCRAVE, Earl of, I. 683^ H. 104. 165. See

NoRMANBY.

Murray, Earl of, I. 19, 2j-,679.

Murray, Sir Robert,, his Charafter, I. jg. 132,
,co Prefidentof the/?!>va/&"'0'. «92» H^'Hf'
247, 2y8, 261, 280, 283, 286, 292, 298, 499i'j6j.
luRRAY, William, I. y9. 60, 244.

M

OATESi 7ittts, his firtt Difcovery of the Popiftt
Plot, 1.425.. at the Council, 4^6, 4;7, 428.
his new Difcoveryto the Houfe of Commons, 430,
436, 438, 448, 45c, 464, 465, 467, 468, 488, 49p.
510,549. imprifimed, 591. Convjaot Perjury
and cruelly whipt, 637.
Oaths, Debates concerning them, II. jB, 9, 43,^>

Muscovy, Czar of, dangerous to the Turks, II.
I Tft, his travels, 1 97, 1 98 • ,comes to ^n^'f^J }^^^
Cnaiafter,

221.

103.
07, IQS- comes lo iw/ana. J'»3 ObriaN, i. 209. X ' y

Plots in Mufco^y caU him home, Ocilby of Byne, his Commiffion W Qa<ien^««!*,

11.547. ' •
Onslow, S'lrRichard, Speaker of the Hodfflf Com-
mons, II. 516. • tO
Opdam, I.218. 11.348,349. , ^ „_
Orange; William I. Prince of, frees the fevcn Pfo-'

vinces

222. his Wars with Siveden, 231, 25'6, 329, 39;',
47 J. defeats them at Ptt//<n(;a.J'3 4' makes peace
with the T«rj{i, 5'36. takes all Li'vonia, fjj. War
breaks out between him and theTuris, <ij6, ^69,
he is in great ftraitc 57?. ^79- reduces FitiUnJ,
617.

75<5

INDEX.

vinces from Spain, and forms their Republick, I.
314.
Orange, Maurice, Prince of, embroils Ho/Zaffi/ with
the Arminian Controverfy, I. 13. his Quarrel
with Barncvclt, 31;.
Orange, Henry-Tredcrick, Prince of, communicates
a Secret to England, 1. 48, 49. his wife Govern-
ment, 317.
Orange, William II. Prince of, 317. his Death,

3.8.
Orange, William-Henry, Prince of, his Birth, I.
318. made General, 320. his Charafter of I>«
Witt, ^21. coma to England, zy-}. made Stadt-
holder, 326. his Anfwer to the Duke of Bucking-
ham, 327, 329. animates the States to a War,
33 '» 333> 342- made Hereditary Stadtholder,
307, 375. his Condudl at the Battle of 5«wf^, 376,
377. offers the French Battle, 404, 405. comes
to England, and marries Lady Mary, 408, 410.
againft the Peace at M»jf^ac«, 422. beats Luatwi-
turgb, 423. projefts an Alliance, 479, 482. his
Conferences with King Charles, 575, 594. dif-
miiTes the Duke of Monmouth, 624. keeps fair
with King "James, 627. invites Dr. Burnet to the
Hague, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693. his An-
fwer to D^Jlbei:ille\ Propohtions, 710. his
Friends meet at the Earl of Shrfivsiurys to con-
cert Meafures, 712. Eager % Anfwers to Ste-ward's
Letters, 733, 734, 735. his Anfwer XaRuJfel, ;r46.
congratulates on the Birth of the pretended Prince
ai Wales, 754. communicates his intended Expe-
dition to \}[ie.'^\tSi.ot oi Brandenhurgh, 757. Co-
logne ^oxiiiZL'?KX.ti\<xiox^xinm^, 758, 759, 760,
761 . the States fit out a Fleet, 761 . what Eng-
lijh engaged, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766. Affairs
in Germany favour the Defign, 771, 772. the
Dutch Fleet at Sea, 774. the Prince's Declara-
tion, 775, 775, 777, 778, 779, 780. it is amend-
ed, 781, 782. the Fleet forced back, 783, 786.
they return to Sea, 787. land at Torbay, 788.
the Prince's Behaviour, 789. proceeds to Exeter,
790. many defert to him, 790, 791 . an Affoci-
ation, 79Z. he is invited to Oxford, 793. his
Anfwer to the Lords fent by King James, yg^ .
the Privy Council invite him to London, 797.
learns that King y«»«« was fled, 798. zx. Wind-
fir, that he was returned to Whitehall, 799. fends
him a MelTage to remove, 801 . comes to London,
801, 802. calls a Convention of Eftates, 803.
the Scotch declare for him, 804, 865. Tyrconnel
amufes him, 806, 807, 808. the Convention
meets, 809. their Debates, 810,811,812,813,
814. about the Word ^i<//Vfl/*, 815. a Motion
for examining the Birth of the pretended Prince of
Wales, 816. rejefted, 817. other Motions, 818.
the Prince's Behaviour all this while, 820. it is
carried to put the Prince andPrincefs jointly on the
Throne, 821. protefts in the Home of Lords,
822. the Oaths altered, 823. the Notion of a
King Je faSo, and a King de jure, 824. See
William III.

Orange, Princefs of, her Letters to King James,
L 720, 721, 722, 723, 724. arrives in England,
825. See Queen Mary 11.

Orford, Earlof, (feeRussEL) II. 195, 218, 2J3,
237, 265. is impeached by the Commons, 265,
266, 267, 272. his Anfwer, 273, 276. acquit-
ted by the Lordsj 280, 343. his Accounts jufti-
fied, 365, 489, 491. is at the Head of the Ad-
miralty, 537. isdifmift, 55J.

Orkney, Earl of, II. [359,] 384* 385-

Orleans, Dutchefs of, comti VO England, I. 30i>
302, 303,770, 771.

Orleans, Duke of, 1. 406. H. 355.

Orleans, Duke of, his Son, commands in //a^,
II. 4; 2, 455*, 4^6. commands in 5^«iCT, reduces
Arragon and Vakntia, 475'. takes Lerida, 479.
and Tortoja, J04. his Schenle to fet afide King
Philip, 600.

Ormond, Duke of, 1. 40, 41. his Charafler, 95,
131, 266,447,654,791.

Ormond, Dukeof, hisSoH, II.303>3i3. his£x-
i

petoion to Cadiz and Vigo, 330, 331, 332, 333.
made Lieutenant of /rir/«»?, 341, [360,] 361', "36a.
again made Lieutenant of /rir/a/;//, 553. and Cap-
tain-General, 593. has the fame Appointments
that were voted criminal in the Duke of Marlbo-
rough, 602. concerts the Campaign, 606, 610.
proclaims a Ceflation and leaves the Confederates,
609, 610. pofTeffes Ghent and Bruges, ibid.

Orrery, Earlof, 1.65,69,71, 176,266.

Osborn, I. 251, 265, 350.

OssoRY, Lord, 1.334, 378-

Ostervald, II. 483.

Ottoboni, Pope j^A^jraBi/cr VIII. his Death, II. 72,

Overbury, Sir Thomas, 1. 16.

Overall, Bilhop, his Book, II. 212.

Owen, Dr. I. 82.

Oxford, Earlof, 1.795-

Oxford and Mor/jOTcc, Earlof, (fee Ha r ley,) II.
569, 587, 601. difowns a feparate Peace, 606.
has the Garter, 612.

Oxford, Univerfity of, invite the Prince of 0/-<i(g*,
I. 793. fign the Aflbciation, 798. II. 375^
386.

PAcET, Lord, Amha&idor aitCoti/lantinople, II. 99.
Painevine, quits his Poll, I. 336. his Exe-
cution, 337.

Palatine, Eleftor, II. 201, 202, 323, 394.

Palatines, ten thoufand comt to £«f/ffW, II. jjg^
540. the inviting them over voted a Cnine^ 5644
565.

Falmer, EsltI of Cajlhmain, Tent to Rome, I. 703.

Papists, fome of their Books cenfured, I. 188.
gently treated at the Revolution, 11. 12. divifions
among theni, 215,228. an Ait giving away their
Eftates, 228,229. another Adlagainil them dropt,

440-

Parker, Dr. 1. 160. madeBifliopof 0;5/or//, 695,
696. is made Prcfidcn't <if Magdalen-College, 700.
his Death, 740.

Parr.ek, Sii Tbomas, Chines at Sache-verelPs Tnal
II. 540. made Chief-Jutlice in Ht/t's room, 543'

Parkher, in a Defign to alfaffinate King William,
II. 96, 172.

Parliament, Englijh, their Treaty with C;Ja>/« I.
1.44. difpute with the Army, 83. the fecluded
Members return, 86. aCoNVENTiON called, 88.
recall the King, S9. the Indemnity, 165. the
Aft of Uniformity, 184, 197. two million and a
half granted to the Dutch War, 218. meet at Ox-
ford, 224. the Aft called the Fi've-Mile Aa, 226,
the Aft for rebuilding London, 260. the Commit-
tee at Brook-Houfe, 267. fome Members corrupt-
ed, 268, 269. the Coventry Aft, 270. a new
Tcft Aft, 346, 347. the King's Declaration for
Toleration debated in the Houfe of Lords, 348.
the Commons oppofe the Duke of Jer/i's marriage,
360. prorogued, 361. refolve tO forte a Peace
with Holland, 366. examine Dr. Burnet, 379,
^o. attack Danby, 382. Debates about the
Teft, 383. and between the two Houfes, 385.
a new Seifion, 386. Charafters of fome leading
Men, 387, 388, 389. a long Interval of Parlia-
ment, 389. aDifFolutionprojefted, 39J. a Pro-
rogation difputed, 401 . the Movers of that fent to
the To^'er, 401. a large Sum for building Ships,
40 J. they prefs a War with fr<»»<:?, 406. anew
Seflion, 411,412. the Commons addrefs againft
the Minifters, 421. a Teft againft Popery, 455,
436. a Militia Bill, 437. Danby impeached of
High-Treafon, 441. the Lords will not commit
him, 442. the Parliament diffolved, 443. anew
Parliament, 451. profecutes Z)«Bi)' notwithftand-
ing the King's Pardon, 453, 454. Debates con-
cerning the Exclufion, 4J-J-, 45-6, 4;'7, 4r8, 45-9,
460. the Parliament diilblvtd, 460. the Que-
Ition of Bifhops voting in Trials forTreaibn, 462,
463. a new Parliament, 480. the Bill of Exclu-
fion pafs'd by the Commons, rejefted by she Lords,
481,482,484. Votes of AfTociation to revenge

the

I N D M X.

^rt

the King's deatli, 485. Limitations on the Duke
ol'nri rejefted, 486. the Lord StaffonTs Trial,
488, 489, 490, 491 . he is condemned, 492. and
executed, 494. Motions in favour of Nonconfor-
mifts, 494, 49;. a new Parliament at Ox/or J,
495,408. CO upon the Exclufion, and difFotved,
499,568. Kmg James M. his Parliament, 625,
626, 638. grant the Civil Lift for Life, 638. a
Bill to make Worils Treafon, 639. Aft of At-
tainder of the Duke oi Monmouth, 6\\ . a new
Seirion, 663, 664. the Commons Addrefs for ob-
ferving the Tell, 660. the Parliament prorogued,
667. and diflblved, 716. aCoNVENTioN cal-
led, 803, 809. Debates there, 809 W 820. de-
clare the Prince and Princcfs of Oraw^^ King and
Queen, and pafs a Claim of Rights, 820, 82 1.
offer them the Crown, 825. the Convention turn'd
into a Parliament, IL 5,6. an Aft for uking the
Oaths, 8, 9. Aft for Toleration, 10. Supplies
given acainft fra»f^ 11. Civil Lift for a Year,
ibid. Chimney-Money is difcharged, ibid- 600000 /.
given to the States, 14. an Indemnity dropt, 1 5.
the Bill of Rights, 15, 16. 1 00000 /. given to
Tivike Schomberg, i^. Supplies for reducing /rr-
land, 38. Civil Lift again for a Year, ibid, a
Corporation-Aft pafs'd both Houfes, refuftd the
Royal AlTent, 39, 40. a new Parliament, 40.
an Aft declaring and making the Afts of the Con-
vention valid, 41 . Members corrupted, 42. Ci-
vil Lift for five Years, ibid. Debates about an Ab-
juration of K. James dropt by the King's defire,
43,45. Supplies on remote Funds, A3, anew
Seffion, 65. grant four Millions, ioid. name
Commiffioners of publick Accounts, 65, 66. Aft
of Attainder of the Rebels in Ireland, by. an Aft
vefting Lord High Admiral's Power in Commiffio-
ners of Admiralty, 67, 68. the Princefs of Den-
mark's Re\enue made 50000/. a vear, oi. the
Miniftry indemnified for breaking the Habeas Cor-
pus Aft, 66, 103. Abjuration of K. "J omit re-
jefted, 103. Supplies on remote Funds, 104. a
Committee of both Houfes during the Kecefs pro-
pofed, 105. a felf-denying Bill pafs'd the Houfe
of Commons, rejefted by the Lords, 105, io6.
the Triennial Aft pafs'd both Houfes, refufed the
Royal Affent, 106, 107. a new Seffion grant the
Supplies, I 24. examine the Conduft of the Ad-
miralty, 125. a new Seffion, 133. grant five
Millions, and pafs the Aft for Triennial Parlia-
ments, ibid, both Houfes addrefs on Q_^Marys
death, 1 39. and attend her Funeral, ibid, a Bill
for Trials of Treafons pafs'd the Commons loft in
the Houfe of Lords, 141, 142, 143. Attempts
againft the £a»/i, 144. Trevor expelled, ibid.
Enquiries into Bribes given by the Eaft-lndia Com-
pany, 145. an Aft againft Sir Thomas Cook and
others, 145, 146. a new Parliament, 1 60. refti-
fy the Coin by recoining all in milledMoney, 1 61 .
the Aft for Trials of Treafons, 1 60, 161. and for
regulating Eleftions, 161, 162. complain of the
Scotch Aft for an India Trade, 162. a Motion to
appoint a Council of Trade in Parliament, 1 63.
the Aflaffination and Invafion-Plot laid before both
Houfes, 169. their Aflbciation fign'd all over
England, 1 70. a Land-Bank erefted, but feiled,
ibid. 171. anew Seffion, 180. provide for ten
Million Deficiencies, and grant five Million for
the Year, 180,181. a Bill of Attainder againft
iir John Femivick, 183,184, 185, 186, 187, 188,
189, 190. Praftices as to his Difcoveries exa-
mined, 191,192, 193. a new Seffion, 206. re-
duce the Army to 1 0000 Men, 207. grant the
Civil Lift for Life, 208. eftablifh a new Eajl-
India Company, 208, 218. a new Parliament,

218. reduce the Army to 7000 Men all Natives,

219. enquire into Grants of forfeited Eftates in
Ireland, 220. appoint Commiffioners to enquire,
221. a fevere Aft againfl Papifts, 228, 229. Lord

. Somers attack'd in the Houfe of Commons, 236,

239. acquitted by a great Majority, 2^7,230. a

Motion to remove Dr. Burnet from the Duke of

Chucefier loft by a great Majority, 237. Report

Vol. n.

of the Commiffionefi of Enquiry into \\m Grant*
in Ireland, 237, 238. the Grants are li't afiJe,
and Trulfees appointed for felling the Eftates and
determining Clainv, 238, 230, 240. Dc'.jatc*
concerning the Bifhop of 5'/. yiai/i//, 250,251.
a new Parliament, 253. xYrenchVi.n'i tV.rr. ,--,
258. the Commons Addrcfk, 258. m

judging Eleftions, 258, 259. provi, , .^00

Seamen, ihid. Debates in the Ho u*!* of LorJi «-
jxjut the Partition-Treaty, 259, 26o» 261. the
Lords Addrefs, 262. a fccona Addrefs, :63. the
Commons AddrefTes, 262, 263. vote ioovA) Men
nnd 20 Men of War to affift the Dutch, ibid. De-
bates in the Houfe of Commons about the Partition-
Treaty, 264, 265. they impeach fome Lords con-
cern'd in it, 265, 266. contrary AddrelTes of the
two Houfes, 267, 268. the Aft o( SucceJponpA,
270, 271. an Aft limiting the Privilege of Par-
liament, 271,272. Proceedings in tiie Impeach-
ment!!, 272, 273, 274. the A'z-n////^ Pitition, J^i-
the Petitioners imprilbn'd, 276. Dif^utes between
the two Houfes about the Impcachmci.ti, 27'!, 2--j,
278. the Commons not appearing, the innuacird
Lords are acquitted, 270, 280. a T.evi Parliament
295. for a War, 296. attaint the pr. P. of
Wales, 296, 297. an Aft for abjuring him, ^97,
298, 299, 301, 303. AddrefTes uf both Houfes :o
Cjueen Anne, 310, 311. Commiffioners for pub-
lick Accounts, 311,312. the Union propofcd,
315. the Report of Defigns to fet afidc the Queen
voted falfe, 315, 316. a new Parliament, 353,
334. Partiality in judging Eleftions, 334, 335.
Supplies for the War, 335. .1 Bill againft Occa-
fional Conformity pafs'd by the Commons, 336,
337. loft by an alteration of the Fines in the
Houfe of Lords, 337, 338. an Aft fettling loocoo/.
a year on Pr. George, 338, 339. a further Aft to
eitabli(litheSucccfnon, 340. Rock's Conduft exa-
mined and juftified, 341 . Enquiry into Lord Ra-
tte/agh'b Accounts, 342. the Commons A«5dief»
charging Frauds, 342, 343. anfwcrcd by the
Lords, 343, 344. a new Seffion, 362. the Oc-
cafional Bill pafs'd the Commons, rejefted by the
Lords, 363. Supplies for the War, 364. Lord
Orford's Accounts are juftified by the Lords, 365.
Commiffioners of publick Accounts not continued,
365, 366. the Affair of Aileshury creates a dif-
pute between the two Houfes, 367, 368, 369. an
Aft for Augmentation of poor Livings, 371. the
Ix>rds examine into A/fiff /fan's Plot, 373, 374,375,
376, 377, 378. the Commons addrefs, 374. the
Lords counter Addrefs, 374, 378. their Opinion
concerning the Plot, 378. an Aft for raifing re-
cruits, ibid, the Lords addrefs about Jufticc? of
Peace, 379. a new Seffion. SuppHes for the War,
401 . the Tack of the Occafional Bill to a Moriey-
Bill loft, 402. an Aft declaring the Scots Alien?.
403, 404. the Occafional Bill thrown out by the
Lords, 405. the Commons imprifon the ^■^//fj^ttty
Men, 408. they are remanded by the Q^ Bench
on their Haleas-Corpus, ibid, fue a Writ of Error
in the Houfe of Lords, ibid. Commons addrefs
the Queen not to grant it, 408,409. counter Ad-
drefs of the Lordf, 409, 410. feveral Bill.' no:
pafs'd, 411,412. a new Parliament, 428. srcat
Partiality in judging Eleftions, 429. Debates a-
bout bringing over the next Succeflbr, 429, 430.
a Bill for a Regency, 430, 432, 433, A34. fome
Offices excluded the Houfe of Commons 434.
both Houfes addrefs conctrning the Danger tf the
Church, 434,435,436. rcpc^ the Aft dccbring
the Scots Aliens, 437. Aft for amendment of the
Law, 439. a new Seffion, agree to the Articles
of Union with Sroz/aW, 46?, 404. the Aft of U-
nion, 465,467. Supplies for the War, 469. the
Parliament revived by Proclamation, 469, 4S9.
the Lords enquire into the Conduft of the Admi-
ralty, 490. their Addrefs upon it, 491 . they en-
quire into the Conduft in Spain, 492. an Aft to
encourage Captors of Prizes, 493, 494. the Lords
enquire into the Correfpondence with France, 496.
their Addrefs, 497. the Privy Council in Scotland
9 G taken

7^8

INDEX.

taken away, 498. the Parliament fiipport the
Queen upon the Scotch Invafion, ^02. a new Par-
liament, 516. great Partiality in judging Elec-
tions, 517. a Scotch Peer made a Bntijh Peer can-
not vote for the Sixteen, 518. an Aft making
Treafons and the Trial of them the fame in Scot-
/«W as here, 519,520, 521, 522,523. an Aft
of Grace, 524. the Bank Fund enlarged, ibid.

Dx.Sacbe'vertll impeached, 539, 540, 541, 542,
543. Debates in the Houfe of Lords, 543, 544,
545. found guilty, but gently puniflied, 545.
the Parliament diflblved, 553, 554. a new Par-
liament, 557. Supplies for the War, 558. the
Lords enquire into the Conduft in Spain, 558, 559,
560. cenfure the old Miniftry for it, 560, 561,
562. the Commons expel a Member for Frauds,
562, 563. vote the Perfons who invited over the
Pa/a/znw publick Enemies, 564, 565. their Re-
peal of the Naturalization-Aft rejcfted by the
Lords, 565. an Aft for qualifying Members, ibid.
another for importing F«af^ Wine, 566. aDefign
againft K. Williams Grants mifcarries, 567. the
Commons vote 35 Millions to be unaccounted for,
ibid, an Aft for fifty new Churches, 568. and
for a South-Sea Company, 569, 573. the Com-
. mens Addrefs, 574. a new Seflion, 583. the
Lords Addrefs againft leaving Spain and the Weft-
Indies to the Houle of Bourbon, 1 83,5 84. the Conv
mons Addrefs, 584. the Occafional Bill paft with-
out oppofition, 584, 585. D. Hamilton' i Patent
as D. of Brandon determined to give him no Seat
in the Houfe of Lords, 586, 587. an Aft of Pre-
cedence to all the Houfe of W<3»e<i'^r, 587,590.
the Lords Addrefs to treat in concert with our Al-
lies, 587, 588. twelve new Peers, 588, 589. Ad-
dreffes on the Peace, 590. an Expedient to quiet
^it Scots, 591. Mr. lValpole\ Cafe and Cenlure,
591, 592. the D. of Marlborough attack'd j and
lome hard Votes againft him, ihld. Epifcopacy
tolerated in Scotland, the Preftjyterians to take the
Abjuration there, 594, 595. an AarcftorJng Pa-
tronages there, 595. the Commons vote the Ad-
vifers of the Barrier Treaty publick Enemies, 597,
598. and that England had been over-charged
nine Millions in the War, 598. they punifti the
Printer of the States Memorial, ibid, the felf-de-
nying Bill loft in the Houfe of Lords, ibid. 606.
an Enquiry into the Conferences at Gertruydemberg
drop'd, 607. Protefts of the Lords expunged, 607,
608,609. feven Prorogations, 616. a new Sef-
fioo, 617. Addreffes on the Peace, 618. Sup-
plies, the Malt-Tax is extended to S«//a»</, 621.
a Motion to dilTolve the Union, ibid, a Bill to
render the Treaty of Commerce with France effec-
tual, 622. thrown out by a fmall Majority, 623.
an Aft for mortgaging part of the Civil Lift to pay
a Debt on it of 500000/. 628. both Houfes ad-
drefs to remove the Pretender from Lorrain, 629.
Parliament, Scotch, declare the Prerogative in
1633, L 21,22. pafs an Indemnity, 55. meet
after the Reftoration, 114, 115. grant 40000/.
additional Revenue for Life to King Charles, 1 1 6.
the Aft refcinding all Afts of Parliament fince 1633,
1 17, 1 19. an Aft for keeping the 29th of May,
120, 121. a new Seflion. Epifcopacy reftored,
143. the Oath of Supremacy, 144, 145, 146.
the Covenant abjured, ibid, the unheard-of Seve-
rity againft Lord Lorn, \ 49. a Committee for fet-
ting Fines, ibid, the incapacitating Aft, 1 50.
Rights of Patronage reftored, 152. Presbyterian
Minifters turned out, > 5 2, 1 5 3 , 1 5 4, 1 5 5 . a Cha-
rafterofthem, 156,157. and of the new ones,
158. a new Seffion. ffarriftoMn ex.ecated, 203.
an Aft againft Conventicles, 204. and regulating
a National Synod, ibid. Cuftoms left to the King,
205 . an Aft offering an Army to march where the
King (hould command, ibid, the Parliament dif-
folved, ibid, a new one, 284. an Aft for the
Supremacy, another for the Militja, 285. fevere
Aft« againft ConYcnucles, 292. a sew Seflion, 338.

another Scffion, 362. Complaints of Lakdndale,
363, 364. the Parliaiuem prorogued, 369. a
Convention of Eftates give Money, 421, 469.
the Duke of Tori goes to Scotland, 477, 512. an
Aft againft Popery, 513. fome Accusations of
Perjury fupprefs'd, 514. a new Teft, 515, 516.
the Proteftant Religion how defined, 517. the
Parliament diffolved. Hid. many turned out for
refufing the Teft, 518, 519. a new Parliament
in K. James the Second's Reign, 634. grant all
that is afked, 636. they will not take off the Pe-
nal Laws, 680. are diilblved, 681. a Conven-
tion meet after the Revolution, 11.21. Duke £fo-
milton chofen Prefident, they pafs a Sentence of
Forfeiture on King James, 22. declare K. Ifi!-
liam and Q^Mary King and Queen o( Scotland, ibid,
in their claim of Rights inlert the abolifti'ing Epif-
copacy, 23. a Petition of Grievances to be ten-
dered with the Crown, 23, 24. the Convention
turned into a Parliament, 25. fome high Demands,
they are prorogued, 26. an Aft taking away the
Supremacy and the Right of Patronages, 6 1 . Pref-
bytery eftabliftied, Chimney-Money granted, an
Oath renouncing King James, 64. a reconciling
Seffion held by Duke Hamilton, 1 20. they em-
power the King to proteft the Epifcopal Clergy,
121, 157. the Examination of A'ei'// /"ijvw drc^'d,
ibid, the Marqui^of •T'weedale Commiffioner, 156,
they examine into the Afcair of Glencoe, 157, aa
Aft for a new Company trading to the Eaft and
fTeft Indies, 158. the Projeft of Darien, ibid,
it is voted a national Concern, 235. the DukcdT
$lueensbury Commiffioner, 234. many angry Votes
about Darien, 234, 235, 319, 320, 321. a new
Parliament in 1703, 360. the Duke of ^ecn/'
bury Commiflioner, ibid, made Treafon to attem^
an Alteration in the Church-Government, 360,
[357.] Debates about the Succeffion, [357,]r359.3
an Aft for a Commerce with France, [357,] [300.]
they give no Supply, [359] the Settlement in 1641
offered tlicm to enaft the Succeffion, 396. the
Martjuu of TtueedaU Commiffioner, ibid, refufe
theSucceflion till after an Union with England, ^gj,
their Succeffor to be different, 398. the Aft for
that purpofe tack'd to a Money-Bill, 598, 399.
pafs'd by the Queen, 399, 400. tbe Duke of ^-
gile Commiffioner, 404, 426. an Aft for a Treaty
of Union, 427. the Articles debated in Parlia-
ment, 459,460,461. and agreed to, 462,463,
464.

Parma, Prince of, L311.

Parma, Duke of, H. 387.

Paterson, Bifliop, L 290, 293, 516,518, 680,
681. n.62.

Pater BON, Pr(^eftor of the Expedition to Daritn^
II. 158, 163.

Patrick, Biftiop, his Charafter, 1.189,462,674,
684. he is made Biftiop of Ely, II. 76. his Death,
488.

Payne, Ne'vil, Agent for K.James, II. 35. is
engaged in a Plot, 36. refifts a double Torture
in Scotland, 63 . his Examination in Parliament is
dropt, 121.

Pearson, Bifliop, his Death and Charafter, I, 694.

Pemberton, I. 501, 556, 568.

Pembroke, Earl of, I- 798. his Chaiaftw, U.
199. firft Plenipotentiary at Ryftwick, 202,261,262.
made Lord High Admiral, 313, 356. Lord Lieu-
tenant of Ireland, and Prefident of the Council,
516. again made Lord High Admiral, ibid, le-
ligns that Poft, but refufes a Penfion, 3-37,

Pen, I. 219, 649, 651, 693, 694, 7J1. II. Gg, 71.

Penpercrass, his difcoveij of the AfikiCnatioa-
P!ot, II. 165, 166, 167, i6g.

Pepys, I. 614.

Percy, Lord, I 100.

Perkins, Sir William, knows of the Aflaffination-
Plot, II. 172. is in that of an Invafion, 173. ab-
folved at Tyburn, 174.

Perth, Lord, 1.419,420,522. made Chancellor
of Scotland, 583. crual in torturing, 585, 586,

587.

INDEX.

i

cR;, 636. turns Paplft, 6;z. has a Chappel for
Mafs, 673. is iinprifoned, 804.

Peterborough, Lord, I. 591, 606.

Peterborough, Earl of, {lee Monmouth and
MoR daunt) commands in Sfain, II. 419, 420,
421,422,443,447,449,492. fenc Ambafliidor
to Vienna, ;;8. nis Condu£l in Sfaia approved
by the Houfe of Lords, 559, 560, j6i, 562.

Peters, Hugh, I. 162.

Pet RE made a Lieutenant-General, I. 430.

Pet RE, Father, I. 672, 704. a Privy-Counfellor,

„ 733. 735.74«-

Pettecum, II. 549, 550.

Philip II. Kingoispain, I. 311.

Ph I L I p V. King of 5/>ai/«, (fee Anjou,) fettled on
(hat Throne, II. 2;i, 252. marries the Duke of
Savoys Daughter, 269. goes over to ItaJy, 287,
290, 294, 328. his Campaign there, 328, 329.
his Campaign againll Portugal, 389, 390. he quits
Madrid, 448. returns thither, 449. reduces A'o-
lentia »nd Arragon, 475. his Son acknowledged
by the Cartes, 529. tne fr^wcA Troops leave him,

549. he protefts againll the Treaty at the Hague,

550. lofes the Battle of /^/wawara, 555,556. re-
nounces his Right of Succefllon to the Crown of
France, 61 *. ^

Phipps, Sir Ctnftatk Jouncil for Sacheverel, II.

540. '_ /

Piedmont, Campaigns there, IL ioo« iii, 154,

392,418,445,453,454,455.
Pierce, Mrs. I. 785.
Pierpoint, I. 44, 267.
Pignatelli, Pope /»»»«»/ Xn. 11.73,176.
Pilkincton feverely fined, I. 535, 536.
PnyiE, hisCharadler, I. 566.
Plague of Ls»(/««, I. 218.
Plot, thePopiih, 1.424,425,426,427,428,429,

430.43 «. 43Z. 433. 434. 435. 436, 437. 438- Re-
neftions on it, 4; i .

Plot, Montgomery's, 11. 3S>3&»37. '>3

Plot, Aflaflination, II. 55. j6. gj, 96, 148, 16?.
166, 167, 168,169,170,171, 172,173,174,175.

Plot, Proteftant, I. 504.

Plunket, an Irifif Bifhop, tried and executed, L
502.

Plymouth, Garrifon declare for the Prince of
Orange, I. 793.

Plymouth, Earl of, II. 271.

Pointy, French Admiral, II. 413.

Poland. See Augustus, Sobieski* Stanis-
laus.

PoLiGNAC, Ahbe, II. 551.

PoLLEXFEM, I. 460. Counfd for the City Char-
ter. 532.533-

P«MF0NE, I. 306, 390.

Pontchartrain, II. 2524

Pool, Mat. I. 308.

Pope Innocent, his Charaftef, I. 705. his Dif-
putes with France, 706. fucceeded by Alexan-
derVIII. an Enemy to franrt, II. 72. fucceeded
by Innocent XII. 73, 176. and he by Cle-
ment XI. 251. who is in the French Intereft,
252, 263, 269, 286, 294, 323, 395. threatens the
Emperor and arms, e 1 2 . is forcra to fubmit, 5 1 4,
and ownKing C&ar/«ofS^tf»», 533.

PopoLi, Duke</f, 11.420.

Porter, Chancellor of /«/«»(/, I. 654. II. 159,
160.

Porter, Captain, in the Aflaffmation-Plot, II. 165,
1 66, 1 69. many tried and convifted on his Evi-
dence, 171, 171, 173, 174. he difcovers Praftices
on him, 183.

Portland, Earl of, (feeBENTHiNK,) madeCroom
•of the Stole, II. 5, 35, 36. the Aflaffination-Flot
difcovered to him, 165,192. his private Nego-
tiation with Bouffiers, 200, 201. Ambaflador in
France, 224. refigns his Place of Groom of the
Stole, 225, 226, 235. negotiates the Partition-
Treaties, 225, 260, 261, 264. is impeached, but
notprofecuted, 265,274, 280, 301.303, 306.

PoRToCARRERo, Cardiiul, II. 252.

Portsmouth, DutcheCi of, I 337, 379, 392. 43C.
for the Exclufion, 484. why, 4H6, 531, ci^d,
592. a new Scheme concerud at her ixxlgingi,
604, 605. attends the King in his lail illnefs,
607. her account of his Deuh, 610.

Portugal, Peter King of, enters into the Frenth
Alliance, II. 289, 290. is neutral in the War,
323. enters into the Grand Alliance, his Treaty
with England, 3(2, 353. campaigns on bis Fron-
tier, 389, 390, 423, Zj^ 44c. his Death, 476.

Portugal, John V. Kin^of, firm to his Father's
Treaties, 11. 476. marries the Emperor's Sifter,
479, 480. great Riches from America, 524, 620.
campaigns on his Frontier, 504, 531, J56. agrees
to the Treaty at Utrecht, 6t8.

PowEL, Judge, his opinion in the Trial of the fcven
Bifhops, 1.743- ^'^ '" the Affkir oi Aiitthury,
II. 3(57.

Powis, Lord, I. 430,447.

Powis, Countefs of, I. 475, 750.

Powis made Sollicitor-General and Attorney-Gene-
ral, 1. 669, 742.

PowLE, 1.389,424,474.

PowLET, Earl of, 11.552,553, 612.

Prance difcovers God/rey'i Murder, I. 445, 446,

„ 447-

Presbyterians, Emlijb, againll King Charlei'%
Murder, I. .^7. an Union with them propofcd at
the Reftoration, 178,308. and a Comprehenfion
at the Revolution, 11.30,31,32. does not fucceed,
33,34. Diviiions among them, 247.

Presbyterians, Scotch, difcomented, I. 116, 119,
1 21, 144. refiife the Oath of Supremacy, 146.
filenced, 153. their Charafter, 156. their Dilci-
pline, 157. an Accommodation with them treated,
273, 274, 275, 278. rejefted by them, 293. Con-
ferences thereon, 294, 295, 296, 297. the I'ury
of the Cargillites and Cameronians, 5 1 1 , 512. the
Preibyxerians infolent to the Epifcopal Clergy,8o4,
Sof. their Fury at the Revolution, II. 29, 30,
64. alienated from King William, 87. reconciled
to him, 121. are provoked again, 122. Method*
taken in 171 2 to incenfe them, 594, 59;.

Presbytery new modclkdin Scotlantl,!.^. their
Leaders, 34, 35. their general Affembiy oppofe
the Parliament, 42,43. they raife the Ifhigga-
more InfurredUon, 43. Divifions among them, 55,
61,62,63. Prelbyteries prohibited, 141. Fref-
bytery elUblilhed in Scotland, II. 22, 23, 24^ 64,
360, [357.] made unalterable at the Union, 461 .

Preston, Dr. I. 19.

Preston, Lord, I. 301, 638. made Secretary of
Suite, 783. feized going over to France, II. 69.
tried, condemned and pardoned, 70, 7 1 .

Pretender, the, owned by France, II.293. by the
Pope, Saixy and Sfain, 294. is attainted, 296.
an Oath abjuring him, 297, 298, 301. a Plot in
Scotland for him, 376, 377, 378. his Expedi-
tion from Dunkirk thither, 500, 501, 502. his
Campaign in Flanders, 503. called firft the Pre.
tender in the Queen's Speech, ibid, his Sifter's
Death and Charafler, 602. he removes to Bar le
due, 629. Addrefles to remove him thence, ibid.

Peimrose, 1.20,27,109. Clerk-Regiller, no,
113. Draws the Prerogative AAs, 1 1 b. and the
refciflbry A£l, 118, 122,413, 414,415, 416.

Princess-Royal, her Death, I. 171.

Princess Anne. See Denmark, v

Prince George. SeeDENMARx.

Prior, Matthew, II. 580.

Protestant Religion, its iirft Criiis, I. jio. fc-
cond Crifis, 311. third Crifis, 311, 312, 313.
fourth Crifis, 314. fifth Crifis, 321,656.

Prussia, King of, (feeBRANDENSuRCH) Ijf. 322,
324. judged Prince of Neifchatel, 482. Franc*
own his Regal Title, 528. his Death and Cha-
rafter, 616, 617.

Puritans, I. 17, 18.

Py R E N B Es, Treaty of the, how obferved by Frmxt,
U. 529.

7?9

7d^o

fij:D !E^.l

Q^

OUakers Behaviour on Profecutions, 1. 270,
271. Divifions among them, 11.248,249.
QuEEtJ Anne, {fee Denmark) proclaimed, IL
lOQ. her Speech to the Council, 309,310. and
.to Parliament, 31O. purfues King^f7//«awi's Alli-
• ances, 310, 31 1. her Miniilry, 312,313,314.
the Princefs Sophia pray'd for, 312, 315. proclaims
War with France, ibid. faHe Reports of Dcfigns
to fet her afide, 298, 315, 317. takes the Scotch
Coronation-Oath, 319, 320. her Arms fuccefsful,
333. creates five new Peers, 344,545. her Re-
ception of King Charles of Spain, 354. a Plot a-
gainft her difcovered, [357.] CSS^-] ^^ revives
tlie Order of the ?'/!'//?/«•, [359] Jealoufies of her
Minillry, 362. flie grants the Firft-Fruits and
Tenths to the poor Clergy, 369,370,371. Mac-
r/f««'sdifcovenesof the Plot, 371, 372, 375, 376.
fhe paffes the Scotch A8i for a different Succeflbr
than that of England, 399. her Reafons, ibid.
comes to hear the Debates in the Houfe of Lords,
405 . changes the Scotch Miniftry, 426. publick
Credit high, 438. affifts Sa-voy, 445. appoints
CommiiTioners to treat of an Union with Scot/and,
470. her private Favour to Harley, 487. feme
Promotions in the Church, 487, 488, 492, 493.
turns Harley out unwillingly, 496. calls the P. P.
oi Wales 7he Pretender, 503. her tender Care of
Prince George, 5 r5 . flie takes in more Whigs, 5 1 6.
appoints Plenipotentiaries to treat of Peace, 528,
530, 531. Books wrote againft her Title, 538.
lecretly favours Dr. Sache-veretl, 543, 545. her
Speech at the end of that Seffion, 546- Negotia-
tions for Peace, 549, 550, 551. changes her Mi-
nillry, 552, 553. diffolves the Parliament, 553.
her Speech, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562. fends
Earl Ri-vers to Hanover, 581. her Speech, 583.
creates Duke Hamilton Duke of Brandon, 586.

turns out the Duke of M^rHmrau^h, 586. in*k«A

twelve new Peers, 589. her MeiTage to the Lords
to adjourn, difputed, but obeyed, tbid. her Mef-
fage about the Peace, 590. orders the Duke of
Marlborough to be fued tor Money received by her
Warrant, 593. does not confirm the Convocation's
Cenfure of Whifton, 603. orders the Duke of Or-
inond not to ait ofFenfively, 606. lays the Plan of
. Peace before both Houfes, 608, 6og. Dunkirk put
into her Hand to be deraolilhed, 609, 610. is
pofiefs'd in a precarious Manner, 615. fhe ratifies
the Treaties of Peace and Commerce, 618. her
Anfwer to the Commons Addrefs, 623 . a Debt of
500000/. on the Civil Lift paid off, 628. her
Speech, 630. Refleftions upon it, 631.

QuEE.N Catherine oi Charier \\. I. 260. II.
392.

Queen Christina of Sivedex, her Charafter of
Popes, 1. 707. II. 199.

Queen Elizabeth, 1. 17, 315.

Queen Mary, Wife of King Jamesll. went to
Bath, 1.749. the myilerious Management of her
fuppofed Child-Birth, 750, 751, 752, 753. went
to France, 795. engaged King James to follow
her, 804. her Correfpondence in £«f/aW, II. 69.
70. her bold Repartee to the King of /"rcwf, 203.
is attainted by Bill, 297.

Qii eenMary II. joint Sovereign with K . William
III. (fee Orange) II. 2. made fo oi Scotland, 22,
24. the Adminiftrationin herduringtheKing'sab-
fence, 43 . her Tendernefs for King James, 47,
55,56. her Government, 48,49. her Council,
49. her Bchav'our in time of Danger, 51. a
MifunderilandingwiththePrincefsof Z>M»>aryt, 91 .
her Care of the Morals of the People, lOJ. her
Management of Church Affairs, 117, 118, 119.
her good C'onduft, 133, 134. her lUnefe, 136.
her Death and Charafter, 137, 138. a recon-
ciling Meflage pafs'd between her and her Sifter,

149- ,, -

Queen Mother o( Frame, I. 31, 251.
QtTEEN of fo/awi/'s Intrigues, 1-594. IL196.

z

QvtEji ofSi^s,, 1. ^12,

Queensbury, Earlof, I. 5S1, 582. madeaMar-
quifs and Duke, 634. his Scheme, 635. go'
the better of the Earl of Perth, 65 1 . is difgraced
and in danger, 653, 678, 680. his Death and
Character, II. 149.

Qxjeensbury, Duke of, his Son, II. 234.
the Garter, 290, 320, 360. he difcover:; a j'lot,
[3S7'3[35*'][3S9'][36o,]372. isdifmiiVd, but
icreen'd by an Artifice, 395,400. again employ'd,
426. fearful of the Union, 462. made Duke of
Dover, 517, fiS, j-86. is Secretary of State,
519.

Quota, fettled between England and Holland, II.
73-

RAdnor, Earlof, I. 592.
Racotzi, Prince, IL 350, 393, 472.
KalEGH, Sir Halter, I. i6, 17.
Ramellies, Battleof, II. 450.
Ranblagh, Earl of, I. 266, 398. II. 342, 365.
R a pparees plunder /rf/aW, II. 6l>66. •
Ratcliff, 1.430.
Ratcliff, Dr. II. 136.
Reading, tries to difcretlit tlKe Evidences of the

Popifh Plot, I. 449, 450. J
Rebellion, in the Wejl oi Scotland, I. 234. and

at Botlywell-B ridge, 47 » .
Reformation of Manners^ Societies for it, II.

317, 318.
Regicides, I. 162.
Reinschilo, 11.425.
Reinolds, made Bilhop of A»r<u';V/&, I. 18;.
Retz, Cardinal, I. 74, 194. •
R H B I M s, Arehbifhop of, his Charafter, I. 564, 605 .
Rich, Sheriff, I. 529.
RiCHELiEtr, Cardinal, I. 48.

Richmond, Bulce of, I. 148, 151,251,304.

R*.TQ N o E L L A takert by the I>ake oiOrmond, 11. 332.

Ri vers. Earl of, fent to 5/a/«, II. 453. Ambaf-
fador to Hano-ver, 581 . made Matter of the Ord-
nance, 593.

Roberts, Mrs. one of ^.Charles's Miftrefies, I.
263, 507. • •'•' ■'f' ■

Robinson, Dr. Envoy in Sweden, II. 535. his
Charafter of that King, ibid, made Biihop of
Brijlol, Privy-Seal, and Plenipotentiary to Utrtcht,
580. declares the Queen difengaged from her
Alliances, 607, 608. made Bilhopof London, 630.

Roche lle, the Siege of, I. 48.

Rochester, Earlof, his Charafter, I. 258. in
theTreafury, 454, 478, 484, 517. charged with
Bribery, 531, 532. is Prefidenc of the Council,
592. and Lieutenant' of /rf /<:«</, 60 1. made L.
Treafurer, 621, 622. and one of the Ecclefiafti-
cal CommiffibB, 677. his Conference about Reli-
gion, 684. lofes the White Staff, 685. foraPrince
Regent, 810. reconciled to the King and Queen
by Dr. Burnetts means, II. 117. oppoies the Court,
I2J-, 140, 170. made Lieutenant of /?-fAj«d', 254,
255. Wes ground with the King, 280, 290. goes
over to Ireland, his Conduft there, 291. con-
tinued in thatPoft by Queen Jnne, 313, 315, 317,
321. refignsit, 340, 341, [360,] 364. prt^oles
bringing over the Princefs Sophia, 407. oppoies
the Regency Bill, 432. and the Union, 464, 491,
526. is made Prefident of the Council, 553.

RoDOLPH, Emperor, 1. 12.

Rohan, Dakede, 1.47,48.

Rook, Sir George, his Sacce{s 3.t La Hcgite, II. 93.
94. convoys the Smyrna Fleet, and efcapes with
lome of them, 114, 115, 1 1 6. commands a Squa-
dron at Cadis, 1 64. commands another fent to the
Baltick, 243. commands a Squadron to Cadiz,
3 JO, 3 J 1 . takes and deflroys the Galleons at Figo,
332, J) J. his Condutl approved by Parliament,
341,358,387. takesGf^-«//ar, 388, 389. fights
theOonvA deThouloufe, 390,391-

RooKwooD, executed for the A flaflination-FIot, II.

Roos,

t N D E }t.

I6i

Roo?, Lord, liis Divorce, I. 262. II. 126.

RfjSKwtuL, hii Trial, I, C97, 598.

R'j»s, Dr. I. 283. Arclibirtiop of Glafgvw, 590,
t)Sc>.

RoTUts Earl of, oppofes the Prerogative A£l, I.
21, 22, 24. is gained by K. Charlit, 30. his
CharaAer, i«z. Prefident of the Council in i9»/-
laaJ, 110, 119. diflblves the Synod at Fife, 1 20,
122. is King's Commiinoner, 203, 209. his
Condudl, 110. I'everc to the Prifoners, 236. made
Lord-Chancellor, 242, 290, 413, 41;, 416.

RoTHEs> Eai'l of, inltnimcntal to the Union, II.
460.

RoucY, Marquis </*•, I. 74.

RouiLLE, Frcfident, fent to negotiate at the Hague,
II. 527.

ROUVICNY, I. 366, 367, 391, 423, 564, 614, 623,
657.

RouvicNT, his Son, made Earl of Gal-way, II.

82. SeeGALWAY.
RowsE, his Execution, I. 559.
RoxBuacH, Earl of, for the Union, II. 460. miide

a Duke, 469. oppofes the D. o( ^eenjbury, 519.
Royal Society, 1. 192. 11.440,441.
RvMBoLD, I. 543, 545, 576, 632.
RuMNEY, Earl of, (fee Sidney,) II. 5. is fent

Lord- Lieutenant to Ireland, n 8, 1 1 9. is recalled,

ibid. 236.
RvMsEY, I. 537, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 551,

„ 553. 554.559. 57'' 576, 578. 65«-

RwpERT, Prince, laves the Englijh Fleet. I. 229,

RussEL, Lord, his Charadler, 1.388,478. moves
theExclution, 481, 493, 508. meets theDukeof
Monmouth at Shef bard's, 537, 540. imprifoned,
547. his Behaviour, 550. examined by a Com-
mittee of Council, 550, 551. his Trial, 553.
and Condemnation, 556. his Preparation for
Death, 557. his Execution and Dying-Speech,
5-60, 561.

RussEL, Admiral, meets at Lord Shrew/inry'a, I.
712. goes to the Hague, 746. his Charafter,
763, 766, 780, 781, 788. II. 52. commands
the Fleet, 78,92. obtains a great Viftory at la
Hague, 93, 94. is turned out, 103, 104. again
at the head of the Fleet, 123. fent into the Medi-
terranean, 1 29. winters at Cadiz, ibid, returns
to t\\& Mediterranean, 154,164. difappoints the
Jnvafion in 1696, 167, 168. is made Earl of Or-
ftrd, 195. SeeORKORD.

RussEL, Mr. Lord Ruffeti Brother, I. 790.

Rutherford, I. 34.

Rtswick, Treaty of, II. 199. 200, 201, 202,203.

SAcheverell, Dr. his two famous Sermons, II.
537' J'3^''539- he is impeached for them, and
grows popular upon it, 540.. tried in ^</?»««»/?«--
Hall, ibid, his Defence, $•41, f4t. his Trial
occafions Riots, 542. he is condemned by the
Lords, but gently punifhed, 545. his Progrefs into
Hales, 553.

Saint Amour, his Charafter, I. 566.

St. Germain, I. 394.

St. John, I. 68.

St. John, II. 488. Secretary of War, lays down
vr'ithHarley, 496. made Secretary of State, 553,
575. and Vilcount BoMngbroke, 611. Sec Bo-

LINCBROKE.

St. Mary'j plundered by the Englijh, II. 331.

St. Ruth, Marefchal, commands for K. James in
Ireland, H. 78. is killed at the Battle o{Aghrem,-j().

San'CRoi t, Dr. I. 1 84. made Archbilhop of Can-
terbury, 392. attends K. Charles II. on his Death-
Bed, 607. is one of the Ecclefiaftical Commiifion,
67^, 6g6. joins in the Petition of the feven Bi-
Aops, 733. met with the Privy-Counfellors that
invited tiie Prince of Orange, 797, 802. abfents
from the Convention, 8 1 o. and from Parliament,
II. 6. hisConduft, 8. his Death and Charafter,

«3':-
Vol. IL

Sanders, I. $32. Chief Ju/lice, ;};. hu Judg-
ment of the City -Charter, (ifV. 591.
Sands, I. 269.

Sardinia taken bjr the £«r(f/j^ Fleet, II. 512.
Sarspield cuts off a Convoy toK. ff^illiam, II. ^g.
a memorable Saying of his in honoar of the King,
81.
Savil, Lord, hisForgery, I. 27.
Savoy, Duke of, in the Alliance againft France, II.
64, 1 00. ih a fecret Treaty with France, 1 28,
154, 176. Reafons that induced him, 177, 355.
joins to drive the Germans out of Italy, 177, 201 .
a fehemefor giving him the 5»«»//^Succcffion, 224.
marries a Daughter to the Duke o( Burgundy, 1 77,
178. another to P*///^ King of i'/a/w, 287,294,
328. comes into the Alliance againll France, 3^4,
355,356. his Danger and Diftrefs, 356, 357,
385,389. lofes almoft all his Country, 392,418,
the Queen aflifts him, 445. he with Prince £11-
geneTMit% the Siege oi Turin, 455. befieges Tav-
lon,t,'T]. raifes the Siege, 478. recovers all 5<i<t«r)i,
504. takes £jf;7« ai\A Fenejlrella, 513, 531, 575.
agrees to the Treaty of Utrecht, 618.
Savoy Conference, I. 179, 180, 181.
Sawyer, Attorney-General, I. 532, 53;, 536,

742.
Saxe-Gotha, Duke of, 11.289,322.
Saxony, Duke of, I. 13.
Saxony, Eleftor of, II. 98. chofe King of /'«/««</,

196, 197. SeeAucusTus.
Scarborough, Dr. I. 750, 7J1.
Schomberc, Count, his Difcourfe with King
CharlesW. I. 172, 173. fent to command the
Englijh, 345. weary of that Poll, 352. made a
Marefchal of France, 404, 405, 564, 56c. quits
the French and Fortutuezt Service, 774. is in thsit
of Pruffia, 777, 786,788. made a Duke in £»^-
laiid with a Prefent of i oooco /. from Parliament,
II. 19. goes to Ireland, 20. is killed in the
Battle of the Boyne, 50, 51, 529.
Schomberc, Duke, his Son, commands in S^nwy,

II. 84. and in Portugal, 390.
Scio, Ifland of, taken by the Fenetians, but aban-
doned, II. 131.
Scot, Dr. I. 462.

Scotland, its State under Cr»«w*//, I. 61. a Re-
bellion defigned there, 340. a rifing in favour of
King James, II. 22, 25, 27. another defeated by
Levir^on, 61. Changes in the Miniftry there,
74, 120. the Projeft of Darien, 162, 179, 217.
mifcarrying, raifes great Difcontents, 234, 235. a
Plot there in fevour of the pretended Prince of

^"It'f [357.] [358.] 37'. 372. 373- the Union
how treated there, 446, 447, 457, 458, 459, j.62.
the Cuftoms thwe mif-managed, 466. a Pnvy-
Council kept up, 470, 486, 497. taken away by
Parliament, 498, an Invafion from France mif-
carries, 499, yoo, 501, 502. the Scotch Mem-
bers are divided, 5 1 9. Treafon and Trials of it
made the fame there as m England, j'zo, 521, 522.
the Scotch Peers retire from the Houfe of Loids,
593. butareprevailedwith to return, 594. move
to diflblve the Union, 621, 622.
Scots, the, eniti England, I. 28. treat with King
Charles II. 51. fettle at Darien, and purfue it ac
a vail Expence, II. 216, 217. driven from it by

the Spaniards, 233, 23A.
of Joi

217

SCOUGAL, Bifliop

'erdetH, his Charafler, I.

ScRoccs, Chief- Juftice, I. 448,468, 484, 501.
Se AFIELD, Earl of, II. [359,] 460.
Seaton, Ix>rd Balmerinoch, I. 8.
Sea, Squadrons at, II. 20, 28, 49, 52, $3, $4, 781
93, 114, 115, 116, 129, 130, i3i,i;'4, 155, 178.

>95. 330. 33>. 332. ?33. 353. 354. 35«. 359. 388.
390, 423, 447,450,476,477,478,485,488, 512,

„ 5 « 4. 537.577.578-. ^ ^ , ^.

Seimour, 1.251. his Charaoer, 382. the King

refufes him for Speaker, ^53. is impeached, 484,

496, 639. joins the Prmce of Orange and pro-

pofes an Ailbciation, 792. is Covcrsour of Exeter,

9H 79J,

7<Jz

I N D EX.

303. comes into the Miniftry, II. 86. oppofes
the Court. 108, 145, 170, 259, 343. madeComp-
trolicr by Queen ><«w, 314, 343,381. isdifnulsd,
38..

Seimour, is made a Peer, II. 344.

Seionelay, II. 17, 95.

Semple, I. 233.

Serjeant, I. 194, 466.

Shaftsbury, Earl of, his Charafter, I. 96, 265,
303. advifes the fhutting up the Exchequer, 306.
made Lord-Chancellor, 307, 346. oppofes the
King's Declaration, 348, 352, 361, 362, 363. for
Refinance, 384, 385, 388, 393, 401. fent to the
Tower, 402. difcharged upon lubmiffion, 431,
434, 437, 454, 455. made Prefident of the Coun-
cil, 4J-6. againll the Bilhops Votes in Cafes of
Treafon, 460. for the Exclufion, 469, 477, 482,
494, 502. fent to the Toacfr, 506. acquitted
by the Grand Jury, 508, 510. leaves England,

53°. 537. 542.543. 55 >■ ^ o ,, . . r

Sharp, fent as Agent by the Refolutioners, I. 64.
betrays their Interell, 92, 109, 116, 117, 119, 120,
131. made Archbifhop of 5/. Andrews, 133. no-
minates all the Bifhops except L«;f^/o«», 133, 134,
138, 139. by Proclamation hinders the meeting
of Prefbyteries, 141,154. his Behaviour to Z.«k-
derdale, 201. his Violence, 206. 208, 210. ac-
caies Lauderdale, 212. rctrafts it, 213,214. for

■ excommunicating 5ttr«f/, 217. fevere to the Pri-
foners, 234, 236. turned out from being Prefident
of the Convention, 239. returns to Council, 242,
243, 246, 247. an attempt to murder him, 277,
278, 284, 290, 291, 300, 339. he difcovers who
it was, 413. is afterwards murdered, 470, 471.

Sharp, Dr. John, I. 462. preaches againft Po-
pery, 674, 675. made Archbilhop of Tori, II.
76.

Sheldon, Dr. 1. 51, 132, 138. Archbilhop of
Canterbury, 177. at the Sax'ay Conference, 179,
1 84. the llriftnefs of the A& of Uniformity im-
puted to him, 185, 192, 209. for the Fi've-Mile
Aft, 225, 243, 247, 252, 308. his Death, 392.

Shening, General, 11. 98, 99.

Shepherd, I. 553, ^78.

Sheredon, I. 485.

Sherifs q{ London, Difputes about their Eleftion,
1.479,528.

Sherlock, Dr.I.462, 674. leaves the Jacobites,
andmade Dean of S/. Paa/'j, II. 71, 212,213.

Short, Dr. poifoned for talking of K. Charles'^
Death, I. 609.

Shovel made Commiflioner of the Admiralty, II.
104. is fent to t\\^ Mediterranean, 358, 36/, 387,
390. befieges Taa/flw by Sea, 476. caft away up-
on the Rocks of Scilly, 485.

Shrewsbury, Earl of. Meetings at his Houfe in
favour of the Prince of Orange, 1. 712. his Cha-
rafter, 762. goes over to Holland, yS6, 780, 792,
79f, 801, 820. ismade Secretary of State, II. 3.
If. refigns, 4/, 104. again made Secretary,
'1*3,136. Praftices againft him, 190,191,192.
made Lord-Chamberlain to Q^Anne, 5-46. fent
Ambaflador to France, 61}.

Sicily, an Earth(^uake there, II. loi.

Sidney, Mr. in high favour with the Pr. of Orowg-f,
I. 7y6. his Charafter, 763, 764, 776, 780. Se-
cretary of State, Lieutenant or Ireland, and Mailer
of the Ordnance, II. j. made Lord Sidn^f, and
afterwards Earl of .R»»»n?V, ibid. SccRumney.

Sidsekfe, Bifhop of Gij/Zowfl)", tranflated toOrkney,

I-I33-
Simpson, aSpy, I.3J-, 36. in a Plot, 37,38.
SkelTon, Envoy itthe Hague, I. 623,640. and

lit Paris, 707. is fent to the Tiwfr, 768.
Smirna Fleet attack'd by the i'Vfwf^, II. 114, iif,

116.
Smith, Sir Jeremy, feijiee Spanifli Money in a Dutch

Ship, I. 71 .
Smith, a Prieft, I. 449,490, ^04.
Smith, Aaron, fent up from Scotland, I. J'40, JJl.
Smith, a Spy, his Letters, II. 190, 191, 191.
Smith, Mr. his Charafter, is chofen Speaker II.

■ 428.

Sob IE SKI, Kingof PoAi»(/, raifes the Siege oi Vienna,
I. 5-94. beats the Turks, II. 132. his Death,
196.

Sobieski, his Son, feized by a Party At Brejlaiu,

i^- 35-7. 3r8.

SociNiANisM, its great Progrefs, II. 211,212,213,
214.

3oissoNs, Madam <&, I. 302.

So lmes. Count, I.Soi. 11.97,113.

SoMERS, Mr. anfwers K. Charles'" s Declaration, I.
foo, fog. Sollicitor-General, II. 42. made At-
toiney-General, and foon after Lord-Keeper, 107.
his Expedient againll Clipping, 1 47. his account
oi Charnaci, 171. his Adminiftration applauded,
218. attacked in the Houfe of Commons on Kid's
Affair, and cleared by a great Majority, 236, 237,
239. is difmifs'd, and his Charafter, 241, 242.
Defigns againft him, 260,261,264,26)-. is heard
at the Bar of the Houfe of Commons, 266, 267.
is impeached, 267, 273, 276. and acquitted by
. the Houfe of Lords, 279,280,370,378. his Aft
for the Amendment of the Law, 439. a principal
Manager in tlie Union, 4J-8, 464, 491. made
Prefident of the Council, 5-16,^17, is difmifs'd,

fTi-

SoMEB-SBT, Earl of, L II, 16,17.

Somerset, Duke of, I. fi.

Somerset, Duke of, II. 316, 3^4, 377, 488,49}-,

fH-

Somerset, Dutchefs of. Groom of the Stole, II. f 6^.

Sophia, Princefs. See Hanover.

South, Dr. writes agahiii Sherlock, 11.213.

Southampton, Earl of, his account of E Hon Ba-
Jilike, I. fi. angry at calling home the King
without Condition^. 89 his Character, gy. a-
gainil a Standing Army, 161 . vifits not the King's
Miftreffes, 177. moderate in Church Matters,
178, 224, 22f. his Death, 249.

SouTHESK, Earl of, jealous of the Duke of York, I.
927, 228.

South-Sea Company erefted, II. 5-74.

Southwell, Sir Robert, his Authority quoted, I.
166. II. y6.

Spanheim, Baron, his Charafter, I. ^67. his ac-
count of the French Qoancihoa the King of Spain's
Death, II. 2f2.

Spanish Armada, how diverted for a Year, 1.313.

Spanish Netherlands. See Netherlands.

Spain. See Charles II. Charles III. Phi-
lip V.

Spence put to the Torture, I. $-84.

Spotswood, his Hiftory cenfured, I. 8,23, 28.

Spragge, I. 307.

Sprat, Bifhop of Rochefter, I. 675. II. 285. his
Death, 629.

Squadron I carry the Union in Scotland, II. 460,
465.

Stafford, Lord, I. 445,449. his Trial, 488.
condemned, 492. he iends for Dr. Burntt, 492,
493. his Execution, 494, 510.

Stair, Earl of, a great Manager for the Union,
II. 458,460, 463.

Staley, his Trial, I. 433..

Stanhope, Envoy in H«//«»</, II. 260.

Stanhope, General, his Son, at the Siege of 5«r-
celona, II. 421, 422. procures Relief to Spain,
443, 493. a Manager at Dr. SachevereWi Trial,
537. gains the Battle of ./^/»»a»a;-a, 555. taken
at Brihuega, 556, J59, 600,629.

Stanislaus chofen in the room of Auguftus King
of Roland, and crowned, II. 394, 424. Auguftus
refigns in his favour, 473. but obliges him to quit
the Kingdom, 5-34.

Staremberg, Count, his March in Italy, II. 3^6.
joins the Duke of Sanjoy, ibid, commands in Spain,
493' fSS. .5'34- defeats K. Rhilip, fff, 5J-6. de-
lays relieving Stanhope, ibid. ^74. routs the Duke
of Vendome, fjj. .

States General, fee Dutch.

Stearn, Archbifhop ofTork, I. 182, 590.

Steenbock, a 5wf//i/^ General, II. j'36, 613,617.

Steenkirk, Battle of, II. 97.

Steward,

INDEX.

Stiwakd, Dr. his Notion kbout the Sacrament,
1. 169.

Stewaro (ent to Qaeen E/izaietl), I-Ji*-

Steward, a Lawyer, his Letters to Fa^eJ, I. 731,
732.

Steward, Siryamn, U. jio.

S»ii.i.iNOFLEET, Dr. his Charaftcr, I. i!!9, 308,
463,674. Queen Mary inclined to make him
Archbilhop, II. 136.

Stouppe, Brig.idier, I. 65, 72, 74. 7/. 76. 77» 33/.
660, 66 1 .

Strafford, Earl of, I. 29. given up by the King,
31,32. his Death raifed his Charader, 49. n.
187.

Strafford, Earl of, fent Ambaflkdor va Holland,
II. 581, 582,607,611. has the Garter, 61 a,
613,614.

Stralsund, the Siege of, 11.^70.

Strickland, Admiral, 1.755,766.

SvNDERLAND, Earl of. Plenipotentiary at Cs/t^w,
I. jf4. Ambaflador in France, 422. Secretary of
State, 4f4. at firft oppofes the Exclufion, 4^6, 478.
in confidence with the Prince of Orange, 479. de-
clares for the Exclufion, 481 . and againll a Prince
Regent, 496. is again Secretary of State, ^j i ,
601, 604, 611 ■ made Prefident of the Council,
6f4. advifes moderate Meafures, -jfj. turns Pa-
pill, 7j6. advifes the rejefting a French Army,
767. is turned out, 783. in high credit with
King William, II. 108, 123, 160. for a Council
of Trade named by Parliament, 163. and for a
Land-Sank, 171 . for a large Handing Force, 207.
retires from BuAnefs, 208, J70.

Sunderland, Earl of, his Son, for the Union,
11.46^. made Secretary of State, 496, fi 7. is

'' difmifs^d, j-yz, ss9> S^S-

Sunderland, Countefs of, I. ^fi, 785.

Sweden, King of, I. 81. his Death, IL 199, 200.

Sweden, King of, his Son, Mediator at Ryfwick,
11.200. his Coronation, 200, 223. a formidable
Alliance againft him, 230, 231. the Englift, fX^ex.
protefls him, and forces Denmark to a Peace, 245,
344. he overcohies the Kings of Denmark and. JPo-
land, and the Czar, in one Campaign, 2f6, 2^7.
his War in Poland, 287, 289, 322. beats K. Au-
^«(/?K/ and takes Crtfcim;, 329, 3 f 8. procures 5/a-
nijlaus to be chofen King of Poland,^ 394. drives
Augujius into Saxony, 394, 39^-. his Succeffes in
Poland, 42f. marches into Saxony, ^fj. forces
Augujius to refign his Crown, 473. his Chatadler,
474. makes the Emperor reftore the Churches in
Silejia, 483, 484. is defeated at Pulto^-a, and flies
to Turky, f34. his Charafter by Bifliop Robinfon,
<^f. his Troops beat the Danes, 536. a Plague
in Siueden, jfj. he procures a War between the
Turk and Czar, $-69. tries to break the Peace made
bet\veen them, ^79, 613. defends himfelf at .fira-
der againft an Army, 617. is at laR forced to fur-
render, ibid.
gwiNTON, 1. 106, 127.

5 wiss Cantons, II. 4S2.

T.

TAFF, an Evidence in Trials of Treafon, II.
141, 142.
Talbot, Sir Gilbert, Envoy in Denmark, I. 222.
Talbot, Richard, I. 176, 226. oppofes theDuke
of Ormond, 266. is made Earl of T/VceaW/, 6/4.

See TiRCONNELL.

Talbot, Dr. Bifhop of Oxford, II. 464. fpeaks

againft Sacheverell, f44.
Talmash, General, II. 79, 82. killed axCetma-

ret, 129, 130.
Tallard, Marefchal, II. 324, 3/1, 384. taken

at Blenheim, 384, 38^.
Tarbet, Lord, ^IfiW/^/an's Favourite, 1. 148, if o,

ifi, 152. is made Earl of Cromarty, II. [3f9.]

See Cromarty.
Tasborough, 1.450,4^1.
Tekeli, Count, I. 563.

Temple, Sir William, I. 254. Ambaflkdor to Htl-
3

•J*'. •J/. "J"'

ERRAa, Earl of, I. 585.

'erwhit, Six Philip, 1.395.

Esst', Marefchal, I. 663. II. 392, 413, 447, 448,

land, i-ji . hisChara£b:r, 378,4oi8. Plcnipoteh-
tiarv at Nimtruen, 422, 807. propofcs ueating
with TirconnelT, 808, 809.
Teknison, Dr. his Chara£ler, I. 190, 462,614,
fi^f, 674. made Archbilhop of Canterbury, II.

»j6. 137. '38-
Terras, Earl of, I
T
T

^472

Thomas, ^\^o^ of Worcrfler, II. 6. deprived, 76.

Tmroomorton and his Lady turn Papifts, I. 194.

Thorlo, 1.66,78, 79.

TioDiMAN beat by tixeDuiehu Berghtn, I. 223.

Tillotson, Dr. I. 79, 82. his Charaftcr, 189^

2JO, 309, 459, 560, 5-61 , 674. made Archbilhop

of Canterbury, II. 75-, 76, 117, 118. his Death

and Charafler, 134,135,212.
TikcoNNELL, Earl of, made Lieutenant of /r^i^/iy,

I. 682, 800, 806, 807. II. 1 7, 5;, 61 .
Tirol, the Boors there repel the Duke of Vendamt.,

IL 349, 350.
TtTus, Colonel, I. 1 1, 44, 350.

TOLAND, II. 283.

Tonce, Dr. his Account of the Popifli Plot, 1. 424,

425, 428. his Death, 510.
ToRCY, Marquis de, II. 527, 528, 549, |-«), »ei.
Tories taken in by K. William, II. 40, 242, 254.

and by Q^Anne, 313,314, 552.
Torrincton, Earl of, {fee Herbert) b firft
Commiffloner of the Admiralty, II. 5. fights the
Fretich at Bantry-Bay, 20, 40. and near Beachy,
53. fent to the Tjmrr, ibid, try'd by a Coun
Martial, and acquitted, 67, 68.
TouLON, Defign on it, II. 472. mifcarries, 476,
^478.559.560.

Toulouse, Count <f?, engages .Rooi, 11.390,391.
Tourville, a /"r«w* Admiral, 11. 93, 116.
ToWKsHEND, Lord, II. 464. Plenipotentiary at th«
ifijf*^, his Charafter, 528. recalled, 581. ccn-
fured by the Houfe of Commons for the Barrier-
Treaty, 597, 598, 5oo.
TraquaIr, Earl of, 1.25,26,27,28.
Trbatv of Barrier ■o/ith. the Dutch, the firft, II.
M5, 596. the fecond, 613, 614, 615,
oi 6.
of Commerce with France, II. 61 9, 620, 621

622, 623.
of Corhfrehcnfioh, I. 259, 273. II. 30, 31,

32, 33. ?4-
of Unim with Scotland, II. 446, 457, 458,

467, 468.
of Partition, the firft, II. 223 . the fecond,
224, 231,232, 233, 245,259,260,261,
262, 263, 264, 265, 268.
Treaty at Carlowitz, II. 204.
at Cologne, I. ?53, 3^4.
at Nimeguen, I. 422.
at Ryswick, IL 199, 200, 201, 202.
at Utrecht, IL 582, 599, 601, 602,
615, 616,617.
Treby argues for the City Charter, 1. 498, 53Z,

Sil-

Trelawny, General, I. 764, 765.
Trelawny, Wifhop of fUnchefier, II. 482.
TrenciIard, 1.547,548, 551. Secretary of State,

II. 108.
Treville, Count <«t, I. 303, 566.
Trevor, Sit John, MaHer of the Rolls, firft Com-
miffioncr of die Great Seal and Speaker, II. 42.
is expelled the Hoafe of Commons, 144.
Trevor, Chief Juflice, II. 367. made a Peer,

589.
Trial of AJhton, II. 69.

of Berry, Green and Hill, I. 446, 447.

of Charnock, II. 171.

of Friend, II. 172.

of Hone, I. 524.

of the Jefuits, I. 443, 464.

of Keys, II. 171, 172.

of King, II. 171, 172.

'm LoHce^irt, II. 141, 142, 143.

TaiAfc

7^3

674

INDEX.

Trial ofPERiciNs, II. 172, 175, 174.

oi horA Prejlon, 11.70,71.
T R I M N E L L, Dr. made Bilhop or Nor'wieh, II. 464,

W

f44-
Trumball, SirWif/iam, 1,769. II. 100,191.

Tu R B E R V I L depofes againll Lord Stafford, I. 488,
491,492. discovers H Plot at Oj5/%r</, /04. his
Death, 509.

TuRENNE, Marefchal, I. 332, 354. his Charafter
of the Duke ofTork, 619.

Turin, Siege of, II. 453. raifed, 455, 456.

Turks, their Wars, II. 6|-, 131, 132, 1/6, 178,
203, 204. make Peace with the Emperor, 204,
205, 329, 3J-0. and with the Czar, 536, 569, 578,

f79-
Turner, the Jefuit, I. 464.

Turner, Sir James, 1.211,233,246.

Turner made Bifhop oi Ely, 1.5-90, 627, 628.
attends the Duke of Monmouth at Execution, 64^.
abfents from Parliament, II. 6. correfponds to
St. Germains, 69, 70. is deprived, 76.

Turner, S\x William, I. 267.

Turnham-Green, a Lane near, deflgn'd for the
Affaffination, II. 167.

Tweedale, Earl of, his Charadler, I. lOi. againll
Guthrys Execution, 127. imprifoned, 129, 211,
241 , 24J'. made an Englifi Privy-Counfellor, 246,
247, 248, 276, 279, 280, 289, 290, 477, 513.
made a Marquifs and Chancellor, II. 87. and
King's Commiifioner, I ^6. is difmifs'd, 162. made
Queen's Commiflioner, 396. promotes the Union,
4601

Tyrawley, Lord, 11.5-59.

V

Ale NT I A declares for 'Kxag Charles, II. 443.
reduced, 475.
Valiere, Mademoifelle, her Intrigue, I. 302.
Valiere, Dutchefs of, 1.565.
Valiere, aSpy, II. 496, 497.
Vanbeuning, his Charadler, I. 330.
Vanderdussen, Plenipotentiary at Gertruydemberg,

11.551-
Vandike, the Pamter, 1. 19.
Van Ghent, Da/rA Admiral, fent to the fr;/;^, I.

241 .
Van Hulst, I. 781.
Vane, Sir Henry, I., 44, 62. his Charafter and

Execution, 163, 164.
Vauban, a great Engineer, II. 153.
Vaudemont, Prince of, covers the Siege of jWawar,

II. 150, 151, 152, 286.
Vaughan, Chief-Juftice, I. 225. his Charafter,

389-
Velasco, 11.420.
Vendome, Duke de, II. 194, 287, 327, 328, 349,

35O' 356. 39^' 418. 44f. 4S2' 476. 509« 55^.

574» 575-
Venetians, the, own King William, I. 129.

their Wars with the Turks, 131, 176. neutral m

thtFrenchWzx, 263, 286, 323, 394.

Venner, his Fury, 1. 160.

Vernon, Secretary of State, II. 261, 264, 265.

Veteran I, General, killed by the Ti/r/f/, II. 155.

Vienna, befieged by xht Turks, I. 563. railed,

594-
Vigo, the Expedition there, II. 332, 333.
Villa Hermosa, 1. 406.
Villa Viciosa, Battleof, II. 556.
ViHARs, Marefchal, II. 327, 348, 349, 392,414,

Aji, 476, 481,482, 531, 533. 548* 576. 610,

ViLLERoi, Marefchal, II. 151, 152, 153, 286,

287, J49. 384. 386, 4ro.
Virginia, a College founded there, II. 119, 1 20.
Ulm, 11.327, 385-.
Uxelles, Marquifs </^, Plenipotentiary at G«-/r«)i'

Jemberg, II. 551.

WAde, L630.
Wake, Dr. I. 674. made Bilhop of Z/«-
cotn, his Charafter, II. 407, 544.
Wakeman, 1.430. hisTrial, 467,468.
Walcot, I. 543, 545. his Trial and Execution;

558-

Waldeck, Prince of, his Charafter, I. 328. II. 28.
lofes the Battle of f/fcw, 52, 54. i&Vt^B ruffe Is, 77.

Walgrave, I. 75-3.

Walker, I. 674.

Wallace, I. 233.

Waller, L 388, 583.

Walpole, 11.588,591,5-92.

Walsh, his Charafter, I. 194, 195, 233.

Walsincham, his Inftruftions to Wigmore, I.y.
gets intelligence of the S^ianijh Armada's Defjgn,
311.

Ward, ^\x Peter, I. 5-36.

Waristoun, I. 28, /4, 5'5-, 106, 127, 198. his
Execution, 203.

Warner, Bifhop, Magna Charta in his hands, I. 32.

Warrington, Earl of. Chancellor of the Exche-
quer, II. 4, 41.1

Warwick, Sir Philip, I. 96.

Watson, Bilhop of St. David's, deprived for Si--
mony, II. 226, 227, 250.

Webb, General, his Succefs at Wynandale, II. 507,
508.

Wentworth, Lady, 1.630,645,786.

West, L 542,543,5-45-, 5-46, f5t.5S9. 57'. 576-

Weston, I. 485.

Weymouth, Vifcouiit, I. 798. II. 314,

Wharton, Lord, I. 29, 401, 790. II. 262, 316,
409,430,464. Lieutenant of /«/«»</, 5 1 6. dif-
mifs'd, 553, 629.

Wharton, Siv Miles, refufes a Peerage, II. 589.

Whichcot, Dr. I. 187.

Whigqamore Inroad, 1.43,44.

Whigs tum'd out, IL 41,45. taken in, 107. lofe
their Credit, 200, 334. tum'd out, 241, 254. ta-
ken in, 426, 5'iO. turn'd out, 5:5-2, 5-53.

Whiston, Mr. II. 57'iS72. 573. 603.

Whitby, Dr. 1. 674. II. 67.

White, Bi^o^ of Peterberough, abfents from Par-
liament, II. 6. deprived, 76. attends Sir Jokn
Feniuick, 193.

Whitebread, hisTrial, I. 443, 444, 464*465.

Whit FORD, Bifhop, I. 26.

Whitford, his Son, I. 679.

Whitlock, I. }8.

WlcqUEFORT, 1.375.

WiDDRINGTON, Lord, I. 398.

WiLDMAN, 1.67, 5-46, 625-, 780, 781, 786, 817.

Wilkins, Dr. 1.64, 79. his Charafter, ^1 87. Bi-
lhop oi Chejler, 25-3, 25-9, 262, 272.

Wilkinson, I. ^06.

William III. joint Sovereign with Queen Mary,
(fee Orange) II. 2. his Favour to 5f«//&/»/f and
Sidney, f. his firft Miniftry, f , 6. his Speech,
7,12. grows jealous of the Whigs, 13,14. pro-
pofes naming the Dutchefs of Hanover in the Suc-
ceffion. If. joint Sovereign of Scotland, 22, 24.
his Miniftry there, 24. the Whigs jealous of him,
3f. refufes his alTent to the Corporation Aft, 40.
takes in Tories, 41 , 45*. the Adminiftration in the
Queen in his abfence, 43, 47. his Difcourfe to .
Dr. Burnet, 46, 47, 5-6. wounded by a Cannon-
Bail, 5'©. gains the Battle of the .5o)»f, 5-1, 5-5.
a Defign to aflalfinate him, fj, 5-6, 57, 58. be-
fieges Limerick, and forced to raife the Siege, 59.
his equal Temper, 59, 60. goes to a Congrefs of
Princes at the Hague, 71, 72. changes his Mini-
ftry in Scotland, 74. fills the vacant •S'^f.f, 75,76,
77 . Ireland reduced, 81. he fupports Savoy, 72, 84.
fondof the D«/fA, 85. carelefs in figning Papers,
89. his Breach with the Princefs of 5f«)Bflr>f, 90,
91. loki Namur, and. ih^Banle oi Steenkirk, 96,
97, loi. refufes his affent to the Triennial BiU,
107, takes in Whigs, 107,108,1234 grows un-

pop»Iar

I iSf D E X;

7^?

popular, 109, lio, ill. lofcs' the Battle of i^aw-
den, 112,113. Icavci Church- Affairs to the Queen,
417. founds the IVilliam and Mary College in
Virginia, 119, 120, 127. fends a I'Tcet to proteft
Spain, I z8, 1 19. another to bombard the Frtncb
Coaft, 131. his Grief for Queen A/a/ysdeath, 138.
it Dcfignio aflafllnate him, 148. reconciled to the
}^x\\\fx.{%oi Denmark, 149. appoints Lords JulHces,
149,150. takes Afiamar, 152.153,155. aCon-
fpiracy to aflalfmate him and invade England, 164,
165. the Confpirators fcized, 167,168. thcln-
Vauon broke, ibid. 176, 193, 194. fends a Squa-
dron to the Wefl-lndia, 195. concludes a Peace at
Ryfwick, 199, 200, 201, 202, 205, 206. KeejJs
3000 Men more than were provided for by Parlia-
ment, 210. filences Difputes about the Trinity,
214. is bppofed with bittemefs, 219, 220,221.
the Army reduced to 7000 how modell'd, 221.
his Partition Treaty, 223, 224, 231, 232, 233.
lofes the Peoples Affeftions, 240, 247. takes in
Tories, 241, 242, 254. makes a Peace between
Denmark and Siueden, 243, 244. his Condud on
the King of Spain's Death, 253, 254, 255, 256.
It is very mytterious, 259, 260, 268. owns the
Duke of .(^/j/oa King of S^a/n, 269. isrefervedto
his Miniflers, 280, 285. recalls his AmbafDulor
in France, 294. his noble and wife Speech, 295.
his &11 from a Horfe, 301. his Sicknefs, 301,
joz. his Death, 302,303. pafles the ./^/^'»ra/<on
A£l In the lall Hours of his Life, 303. his Cha-
lafter, 304, 305, 306. Attempts againft his

, Grants, 567, 605, 606.

■JViLLiAMs, Bifhop, L 50.

William.'!, Dr. L 462, 674;

Williams, Sit William, L 592, 742.
Jofiph, t ■
logne, I. 354.374-

Williamson, Sir Jofeph, Plenipotentiary at C»-

WiLLiAMsoN feized going over to King /«««, IL

37-
WiLMOT, Y^taXoi Rochefier, I. 264, 26e.

Willis, Sir Richard, gives Crewwr// Intelligence,

L 66.

Willis, Dr. I. 228.

WiNDEBANK, Dr. L 75J.
WlNNlNCTON, I. 4-10, 453, 454, 481.

WiHTEMBERc, Duke 61, n. 450.

WisHART, ^\^o^ of Ediidiurgb, \. 14].
WuMA«, Siceeof, raifcd, IL 579,'.
Withirly, l)r. I. 7JI.

WiTHIM*, I. 484, 572.

WoLFtMBUTTLg, Duke of, IL 243, 289, 321,

322. his Daughter marries K. CharJti ot Spain,

480.
WoRCEsTeii, Marquifsof, L 484.
WoRTHiNQTON, Dr. his Character, I. 188.
Wratislaw, Count, IL 382.
Wright, Chief-Juliice, L 74^.
Wright, Sir Nathan, Lord-Keeper, II. 242, 379^

difmifs'd, 425.
W V c M E , Sir Cyril, one of the Lords JuIUces in Jrt'

land, II. 119.
WvLD, Judge, I. 450.
Wynne, II. 18.

' O R K, Duke of, I. 73, 74. marries Clartif
a'o/i's Daughter, 168. why he turned Papiil,
169. commands the Fleet, 218. his Amours.
227, 228, 263, 304, 334, 33c, 350. lavs downall
hb Commillions, 352. aJdielles Laay Btllafij,
353. marries the Princefs of MoJena, 353. the
Commons vote againft that Marriage, 361, 379,
393,408,425. lent beyond Sea, 452. his Ex-
clufion endeavoured, 456. he is lent for home,
474. goes to Scotland, 477. with leave to come to
England, 479. his Behaviour in Scotland, 510,
12, 514, 523, 524. he governs all Affairs Eng-
lijh and Scotch, 582,583. attends the King in his
lall Illnefs, and intrpduccs Huddlefion to his Apart-
ment, 606, 607, 608. See James II.

York, Hide, Dutchefs of, I. 170, 309.

York, Modeua, Dutchefs of, I. 368. See Queen
Mary.

%

ZAbok, Count, fent to the Kbg of ^acvdSnr, II.
483.
Zeiher, II. 394.

Zell, Dukeof, II. 71, 218,230,244, 321,
ZoucH, I. 377.
ZuLBSTBiN, I.373,7S4.7SS»7^«

FINIS.

Vol. II.

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