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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at|http: //books .google .com/I This hook belonged to the late Hugh Rdivanl Rgerton^ He it Professor of Qo Ion id I History in the University of Oxford from i 905 to 1 920 o\o l6l^- n • I ^/ ^^! l^!-t • X-.S-jl * I 4 THE ANNUAL REGISTER, OH A VIEW or THE HISTORY, POLITICS, KVD LITERATURE, For the YEAR 1814. LON DONs PRIKTED FOR BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY; «'. OTRIDOB; J.CDTHBLl; LOMDHAII, HUWT, IBBBi OIHX, ABD StOWMJ X. jsFrsaT ; tACKmoToir, allhTj and CO. } i, IBU ; J. AsrsKKB } AMD ia»IIW00il, aiUT, AND'JOMBIt * • r 1 tfi OXFORD T. Bciulty, Prittter* Bolt Cowt, neat 60€Ct« London. PREFACE. THE state of affairs at the close of the year 18 IS was such as afforded an almost certain prospect of a speedy termination of the mighty contest Avhich had so long been subsisting between the French empire, and the powers coalesced to limit itg exorbitant aggrandisement, and curb the unbridled ambition of its ruler. The presence of four great armies on the proper territory of France, acting in concert, and tending to a common centre, could not fail of producing events which in some mode or other must prove decisive of the objects for which the v/ar was undertaken. Public expectation through.- out Europe was raised tp (he highest pitch, and it was not disappointed*^ Af^er. st short but vigorous struggle, in which France^ deprived of the greater part of those veteran troops which had carried their conquering arms through sp many other countries, saw itself at length inoompetent to its own defence : a concluding battle placed the capital at the mercy of the CG^fi^erateSy and effected tne immediate over^ throw of that despotism, under which the French had at the same time been triumphant and enslaved, with the restoration of the ancient monarchy, and a general peace aa the result. The treaty of Paris, signed within its- walts: by sovereigns, whose own capitals had not Jong before b^en in the possession of French troops, will ever rank among the most me- morable events in modern history. A change so momentous in the European system, necessarily left a vast variety of public interests to be discussed, and of measures to be provided for ; so that, although the grand decision took place early in the year, it cannot oe thought extraordinary that a 2 many iv PREFACE. many months elapsed before tbat Congress could be assembled which was to regulate the complicated concerns of the continent, and that the year closed i^^ithout a declaration of its final award. Meantime Viarious subordinate dispositions have been made under the influence of the ruling powers, which hare afforded an insight into their principles and intentions ; and changes have been effected in the condition of several countries, which will render the present year memorable in their annals, provided they prove as durable as they have been unresisted. The annexation of Norway to Sweden, of Belgium to Holland, and of Genoa to Sardinia, in all of these cases without any reference to the wishes of the in- httbitantSi may be regarded as exemplifications of the submission that will be required from the smaller powers to the determinations of the greater, in 86tlling that balance which has for centuries been the unsolved problem of European politics. In the ^rst of these instances, the spirit of an independent nation broke out in an appeal to arms, the hopeless- ness of which, however, caused it to be renounced with little bloodshed ; and the patriotism of the de- fenders of their country has been rewarded by the grant of a free and equal constitution. They who are led oy their opinions and wislies to expect a regular progress towards melioration in go- vernments, will probably be much perplexed in their feelings by the singular mixture of advance and re- trogradation which the events of the year have ex- hibited. If, on one hand, they are gratified with the commencement made in some parts, of establish- ing representative constitutions on the basis of ge- neral rights ; on the other, they must be severely mortified by the total failure of the great experi- ment of that kind conducted with apparent success by* the Spanish Cortes, which has terminated in a cruel persecution of all the friends of light and liberty PREFACE. y liberty in that country, and. the restoration of the Court of Inquisition^ and all the other supports of civil and ecclesiastical despotism. They will also derive no favourable augury from the zeal which the head of the Roman-catholic religion, on his re* sumption of the seat of authority, has displayed for the re-establishment of every institution tending. to enslave the mind, and particularly from the revival of an order rendered odious to all the liberal of their ovm communion, by their servile devotion to the pontifical court, and their dark and subtle policy. On the whole, however, the Philanthropist will gratefully record the year 1814, as the era of a respite from those evils, with which so large a portion of the civilized world has so long been afflicted ; and if the clouds are not yet dispersed, and a boding mind may alarm itself with presages of new tempests, something is gained to the cause of humanity by a quiet interval. This country has an additional cause of rejoicing, in the. restoration of amity with a people destined, it may be hoped, to be durably con- nected with it by all the ties of origin, kindred, and mutual interest. The peace with the United States of America was peculiarly welcome, as it came, somewhat unexpectedly, at the conclusion of a year of more extended and destructive warfare than had hitherto been witnessed in this unhappy quarrel. It had, indeed, become evident that the continuance of hostilities could have no other con- sequence than the aggravation of reciprocal loss. The return of peace has hitherto been more effica- cious in reviving the spirits, than in alleviating the burdens, of the inhabitants of these islands. The latter effect was indeed scarcely to be expected whilst the accounts of a war expensive beyond all former precedent remained unliquidated, and the yet unsettlcui state of affairs rendered the maintenance of a large force on the continent a necessary measure of VI PREFACE. of precaution. How soon any considerable reduc- tion of the national taxation can be ventured upon *by ministers is a doubtful point ; but it seems genc- ^lly agreed, that a continuance of expenditure on 'the scale of the latter years of the war, would prove a severer triM to public credit than it has ever un- ' dcrgone. * 1 CONTENTS. GENERAL HISTORY. CHAPTER I. Conduct of Napoleon after the German Campaign.^-Blucher^s Passage of the Rhime- — Occupation of Geneva by Bubna. — General Position qf the Allied Armies. — Meeting of Sovereigns at Basle. — Advance of the Allies, — Napoleon* s Decree for the Formation (f Regiments of Volunteers.^^ French Bank limits its Payments. — Langres and Nancy taken.^^Recon" noissance on Antwerp. --^Napoleon joins his Army. --^Affair at Brienne,-^ Battle of La Rothiere,^^Retreat of Napoleon and Advance of AllttM*"-^ Attempt on Antwerp. — Surrender of Gorcum. — Troyes, VUri^ and Cha- lons taken by the Allies. — Napoleon rallies.'^Defeat cf a Russian Dhi' sion. — Attack on Bluchers Army. — Sacken and D^Vorck retire beyond the Alarne. — fflurher attacks and pursues Marmont.^-^Is himself attacked at Janvillier, and with difficulty extricates himself. — Uis Loss and Retreat to Chalons.-^Soissons . taken by JVintingerode, — Schwartzenherg's Advance upon Paris. — /* attacked by Napoleon, and obliged to retreat to Troyes,^-' Blucher advances aaain : crosus the Marne : various Actions.-^NapoUon . recovers Troyes. — Auger eau advances from Lyons, — Scbwartzenhergs Suc^ cess on the Aube. — Troyes retaken. — Ou(unot Defeated.-^Plenipcten' tiaries at Chatilton. — Position of the different Corps under the Crmcn Prince ff Sweden.—'Failure at Bergen-^p-Zoom. — Intelligence from WeU linqton^s Army, Hamburgh, Dantzic, and JVittcnber^.-^Operationsin Italy. r^Treaty between the Emperor of Austria and the King of Naples. f I CHAP. II. Napoleon* s Attempt ta recover Smssons.'^Eis attack upon Blucher at Craone. — The latter retreats to Laon and is there attacked. — French repulsed. — Rheims taken by tjie Russians and recovered by ^Napoleonj^^Schujartzen" hrrgs Army at Arcis-sur-Aube.—'Arcis taken by tht Prince of Wirtem- berg^—mNegpciations at CkatUlon broken off.'-^Lotd Wellington advgkcrs to Orthurs. — Carries the French positions, and passes ike Adour, '^Citadel (^ Bayonne tnvested.^^French retreat towards Tarbes. '^Marshal Berf t- viii CONTENTS. fwd eniert Bourdeaux, foherejkg whUe cockade is hoisted^ and the Duke 4jf Angouleme is receivcd.'^fireHek drwcn from Tarbes,'-^ Actions near Vitry ./^Napoleon pushes httween ike Allied Armies. — Tltey untie and advance towards Paris^'^French drfeated at Fere Champenoise. — Convoy taken.^^AdvoMce qf the Alltes.'^Marmont and Mortier enter Paris. — Force iherej-^Position of the Allies before the Capital. — Sckwartzenherf^ s Address to the Poristans^^French march out. — Attacked at Belleville, ^c. hy the Allies. — Armistice and Capitulation of Paris. — Entrance of the Allied Sovereigns.-^Their DBclaration^^-Denrees of the French Senate. — Transactions of Napoleon.'-' His Abdtcatifin^^-Co'nditions. — State of the French Nation. — Provisional Government, and French Constitutioti. — Monsieur enters Paris,'^Lord Wellington advances to Toulouse. — Battle there. — Suspension of Hostilities. — Sortie from Bayonne. — Transactions at Paris, '•^Decree of Monsieur. — Bau)napgrte's Departure from Fontain- lleau. — Louis Xt III. lands in France. - - - - - [K CHAP. Ill, Holland. — Mode of ref erring the itew Constitutional code to the decision of the nation.-^lis acceptance, and the oath laken by the Prince Sovereign. Appointments made hy him. — Catholic Netherlands. — CarnoVs conduct at Antwerp .-^Military operations in Italy. --^ Armistice, — Occupation of Genoa hy the forces under Lord fV, Bentinck,*^Affairs qf Spain. — Treaty be- tween Napoleon and Ferdinand. — Transactions of Cortes. — Reyna.—' French garrisons surrendered. — Arrival if Ferdinand in Spain, — The Pope returns to Italy. --.-----• [30 CHAP. IV. /{ffairs of Norway. "^Treaties qf Denmark with Sweden and Bngland.-^FeeU w^' ^ Ihe Norwegians. — Prince Christian Frederic repairs to Christiana. ^^^His reception. — Proceeds to Drontheim.''''Returns to Christiana, and is declared Regent. — His proclamatiqns.-^Count Rosen* s mission from Swc^ den. --^ Address of the King qf Denmark to the Norwegians. — Mr. Ankers deputation to JEngldni. — Notification ^the blockade of Norway hy the Bnglish.'-^Pariies in Norway. — Diet.^^Ciaistiati proclaimed ning and the Diet dissolved. — Mr. Morier, Envoy from England.-^ Delegation from the three allied Power s.'-^Armistice proposed and rejected. — State Papers. ''^Envciy* sretwrn and preparation for war. ^^Proclamation qf the Crown Prince qf Sweden to the Norwegians.'^ Commencement qf hostilities. — Norwegian Jiotilla retreats. — Swedes cross the frontier. — Actions. — Fre- derickstadt capitulates.'-^Further success of the Swedes.'^Frederickstein tomharded.'^Preparations to surround Chtisiians army.^Hf resigns,'-^ Convention at Moss. "^Christian* s proclamation to the Norwegians. ^^Tumult at Ckristiania. — StcUe qf affairs before thf Convention. — Tke Diet assem^ hied. — Christian's departure. — Election qf the King of Sweden to the Crown of Norway. — Close qfthe Diet. - - - - • [38 CHAP. y. Entrance of Lends XFIIL to Contpeigne and Paris.'^His Diclaraiion re- ' ' spfcting the C6nstitution.^His jidSress to the Nation on the Armies tfthe Allies. — Funeral Stroke for Lonis XVI. fSte.^^Militaru ProiMtions of Princes qf the BUed.-^3uoni^9rti's Departure to Elm^^Peace signed ••''■■ mth CONTENTS. ix wiih the Allied Powers^ and Conditions.-^Consiiluiion presented hy the King to the Legislative Body. — State of Parties in France. — Discussions on the Liberty of the Press. — Exposi (tfthe State of the Natton.-r-Lefion of Honour continued.'^French Budget.^^JRng s Debts. ^^Emigrani Pro^ perty, and Debates thereon. — Clerical Education,'^ Civil List. • [49 CHAP. VI. Spain.'^Political parties. — Ferdinand at Valencia, joined by the grandees and prelates.^'Issues a declaration of his r^sal to accede to the new ConstitU" tion, and pronounces the Decrees of the Cortes null, and their supporters guilty of high treasan.-^Cortes sinks without a struggle. — Arrests. — Fer* dinand enters Madrid. — Convents restored.'-^Circular, respecting the ad' herenis of Joseph ; and to the Authorities in the Indies. — Address from thw University (f Salamanca. — Discontents in various parts. — Re-establish* ment qf the Inmiisition. — Ordinance abolishing torture. — Rtform in the proceedings of the Court qf Inauiiition.^^Severe measures at Cadiz^-^. Rota qf the rfuncio restored^^Aleasures to repress Insurgents asid Bas^ ditti. — Arrests multiplied. — Insurrection qf Espoz de Mina. — Restoration of feudal privileges. — Popular manners of the King. — Honourable treat- ment of Mina in R-ance. — Council qf Mesta re-established. — Despotism and weakness of the Govemment.'^Ej^ditionfor South America prepared. ^-Sentence on State prisoners, — Rewards for loyalty. - - [&7 CHAP. VII. Return of the Pope to Rnme.'^His measures for restoring the Ecclesiastical Autftority and property qfthe Church. — Re-establishes the Order of Jesuits. ''^Festivals renewed.^^Suppresnon qf Freemasons and other secret Sceie^ ties.—'ReTestablishment ^ the regular Orders. — Kine of Sardinia restmrtd to his territorial Poj^essions.^' Genoa annexed to his Dominions. ^^Austrian occupation of the rest of the North of Italy. — Milan. — Venice. — Italian regiments removed to Germany. '^Isaples.'^Measures pursued by King Jvachim. — His Occupation qf part of the Papal Territory. — Alliance witk Austria.-Sicily . — Resumption qf Authority by the King.^-'Proceedings'af its Parliament ..*...... ^ CHAP. VIII. Switzerlassd.-^Federal compact published. — Opposition of the canton of Bern. -^Dissentions in the cantons.-^Interference of the allied powers. — EHii assembled. — Compact amended and signed. — Its principal articles.^— G§* neva restored to indcpendencc-^Its constitution and union with the Swiss confederacy.— Seven United Provinces. — Meeting qfthe States General^-^ Speech qfthe Sovereign. — State qf fnances.^rUutch colonies rcftored^^ Catholic Netherlands. — Their projected union with Holland. — Prince' qf Orange constituted their provisional governor. — His address to the Belgiasu. — Occupation qf Bel(tium by troops. — Decree doncerning French settlers. —Decree respecting the press. — Garrisons in the different towns.— Session of the Dutch States General. • • - •> - « *[9^ C^K3^. X CONTENTS. CHAJP. IX. Germany. -^Hnmhurf^ — Hammer, itt erection to a Kinsdom.'^Prince licgcH/'f Proclamation, — Hanoverian Diet assembled. — Speech' qf the Duke of tiers of Turketf : cruel trei^tment of the Servians* CHAP. X. Parliamentary affairs. — Motions for adjournment in Loth Houses. — Renurhs on the offices (^ Attorney-gen. and Chief Justice of Chester being held by the same person. — Mr. Golhoumes Bill respecting colonial ojffices. — Sir SUimuel Romillys bills respecting Corruption of Blood, and the punishment of High Treason. — Lord Morpeth* s motion relath}e to the Speaker's Ad- dress to the Prince Regent in the last session.'-^Debates in both Houses nn the conduct of this Government towards the Norwegians. • - [107 CHAP. XL Bills to suspend and discontinue certain Proceedings against Clerical Pcr- sfius. — Debates and Bills relative to the Com Lnucs.'^Procccdings relaticc to the Slave Trade ---*-----[ M.'3 CHAP. X,II. « Provisinn for the Duke of Wellingion.^^Congratulrtion of the House of Commons, and his Grace's visit to that House. ^-'Proceedings relative to the Princess of fVales. — Debates respecting Lord Cocltrane, and his expufsivn from the House of Comma Jis. - - - - - f - [137 CHAP. XHT. The Budget English and Irish. - »• - - - - . [163 CHAP. XIV. Sill for the better Rreeution of the Lawx in Ireland. — Discussion of the Treaty of Peace with France. — Prince Regents Speech, and Prorogation of Parliament. •------• -[159 CHAP. XV. Naval Transactions. — Attempt by Sea and Land on Leghorn. — Capture of La Ceres. -^Capture of LAlcmene and L'Iphigenie. — Capture of La Trrp- sichore.^^Captttre if La Clorinde. — Capture of La Sultonc and UEtoilc. -—Capture of the Essex American Frigate. — Capture of the Frolic Amr- riean Sloop. — Capture of the Reindeer British Brig by the fVnsp American Sloop^^-'Destruciion of the American Privateer Gen. Arnold. • [170 CHAP. CONTENTS. xi I CHAP. XVI. American war. — Capture of Fori Niagara, — American Gen. Hull ^S^eaUt htf Gen. RialL — Buffalo burnt. — -Prestdenfs communication to CcngfiW respecting negotiations. -^^Gov. Strong* s speech in Massachusstt$.''^C^,' fFilkinsont retreat from Lower Canada. — Actions in conseqvenee.'--^e' peat of the embargo and non-importation acts. — Extension cf the blockaie by the British. — Fort Oswego stormed. — Failure at S&tldy drtek.- • Preti' dent's Proclamation respecting neutral vessels.—- Fort Erif taken ly the Americans^ and action at Chippawa. — Itlands in Passamaquoddy bay irt^ duced. — Hostages Jor retaliaiion mutually exchanged.— ^Americans repulstd 4tt Chippawa.-^Operations in the Chesapeak. — ^Capture of fVashingtun.^^^ Expedition against AIe.vaiidria. — Failure and death of Sir F. Parker ai Bellair. — Expedition against Bmltimcrc. — Death of Gen. Ross. — Defeat ^Americans. — Actions in Canada and the North.— -Failure at Fori £rie, — E.rp edition up the Fenobscoi, — Sir G. Prevost proceeds againsi Plait*' hursr-^Defeat of the British flotilla on Lake Champlain.-^British retreat to Canada. --^American sortie from Fori Erie. — Negociations at Ghent. '^ Propositions communicated to Congress.— ^Proceedings of the legislature tf Massaehussets. — American budget.— ~Fort Erie evacuated. — British expo* dition to Florida.'— 'Drfensive measures of the American government."— Treaty of Peace signed at Ghent, - - - - - - £17^ CHAP. XVIL South America. — Mexico. ^^Chili. — Buenos Ayrcs. — Montevideo surrendered, — Venezaela.'—Caraccas taken by the Royalists. — Buenos Ayres.'-^tate of Mexico. — JFest Indies. -^Hayti, — Proceedings of King Jaenry.-^^Mis- sion qf Lavaysse. — Dominica.— ^-Asia. — IVdiabees and Arabs.'— Smyrna*^" British India.— Expedition to Macassar. — Pirates in Borneo reduced.— Inundation of the Nerbudda.'^Conflagrafion of Rangoon-^Rebellion in Chi^a. [196 CHAP. XVIII. Autumnal Session of Parliament. — Speech of the Prince Regent.'— Address and Debates.— Motion in the House of Lords relative to keeping part of - the Militia still embodied.— 'The same in the House if Commons.— -MoHon relative to the Couri-^Mariial on Colonel Quentin^ — Amended BUI for the Preservatitinqf Peace in Ireland. ^Adjournment. ... £f04 CHAP. XIX. Domtstie Occurrences. — His Majesty* s State.'— General franouility ef Great Britain,— 'Disturbed Siateof Ireland.— 'Proceedings^ of the Irish Roman Catholicsj^Prineess of fPales. — Princess Charlotte of Wales.'— 'Attempt to alter the Corn Laws.'— Commercial Prospects. - - - .[S15 CHKONICLE xii CONTENTS. CHRONICLE. p^e 1 ISl 124 127 131 *iw^^^» 9^^^ ^ *• ^ ^ ^ ^j Mmrioffts •-----..,.. Ptomoliont «--••-.... lUaiks ^. Centenary Deaths •--.-.... 141 Sheriffs •••-. 142 APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. ARTICLES FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE. 'from Sir Q. Prevost. — Capture of Fart George • « • • 144 Jppwm Gen. Drummond,'^ Capture 4if 'Bart Niagara • - - « 145 JF^rom Sir £. Pelleus.^^ Attempt to swprize Leghorn - - - 148 Pnm Mara. WelUngton.'^ Action witii M^, 'gen, Buchans Brigade l.'>2 From Sir T, Graham, — Reconnoissance an Antwerp - - m 153 Sfom Rear Admiral Durham.-^Capture qf Frencn frigates - - 154 JFnhn Sir T. Graham. — Failure near Antwerp - - . . 156 From Capt. Rainer. — Capture of French frtg^ - - - . 157 From Capt. Haves. — Capture of French frigate - - - - 158 From Marq, H^ellington. — Advance to Gave d^Oleron - - - 159 From Capt. Philiimore.-^Capture of French frigate - - - 16 i Fhm Mara. H^ellington. — Advance to St. Sever . . . *• 163 From Sir T. Graham.^^Failure at Bergen-op-Zoom >. . . 1 69 From Sir G. Prevost. — Retreat of American Army - « - 174 From Marq. Wellington.'^ Entrance into Bourdeasut * • • 175 From Capt. Palmer, ---Capture of French frigate - - - - 176 From Capt. Hilly ar. — Capture of American frigate, Essex • - 177 Prom Marq. JVellingion. — Action near Toulouse - - - - 1 go From the same. — Suspension of arms, and sortie from Bayonne - 185 From Lord W. Bentinck. — Capture of Genoa - - - - I90 From Sir E. Pellew. — The Same - - - - - - 193 From Sir T. Grahamr^Evacuation of'Anfwerp - - - - 196 J^om Gen. Drummond. — Expedition agqinst Oswego - - - I96 ^rom Sir G, Prevost. — Action At Chippawa, &^c. - - - 198 J^wn Lieut * Col. Pilkington. — Capture qf Moose Island - - 2<)3 . Mrom Gen. Drummond. — Action near the falls of Niagara - - ^03 Fkm Sir G. Prevost. — Failure at Fort Erie - - w . 208 From the same. — Advance to Platshnrgh, and retreat - - • 213 From Capt. Pring. — Disaster on Lake' Champlain - - - 214 From Gen. Ross.^^Capture of Jfashingion - - - - - 5fl8 l^om^ Sir A. Cochrano.^-N aval Proceedings at the some * * 221 F^om Col. Brook.'^Advanee to Baltimore, and actum • ^ • 9iQ JAvm Sir A Cochrane. — Naval Proceedinge at the same ^ m 234 F^wn Capt. Gordon. — Proceedings at AUxasMa ^ m m ^ 240 From Sir J. C Sherhrooke. — Success on the Penobscot - - - 244 From Rear Adm. Griffith. — Naval operations in the same - - 250 From Lieut.'Col. Pilkington.— Capture qf Machias - - . 254 From Sir G. Prevost. — American sortie from Fort Erie - - 25 (i Frctta CONTENTS. xiii From General Drumrmond^'Retreat fiofn the samt . • - 26O Peace with America signed .....•- sGO Puhiic General Acts S6l REMARKABLE TRIALS and LAW CASES. Adams^.KneeUne.'^ValidityofaWill ^ . . . . S74 yicholU V. Nicholls, — Tlie same -.••-•- 278 Fusv. Evans.^-T fie same -----•-• ^79 Jfliivn and Ahoit v. Onise. — 2^e same - - - - - *i3 Harris r. Bedford. — The same ---#••»- £85 Hicks V. Ring.-^Tke same - 'i. - • - •' . f«6 Bootle T. BlundelL — The same ..... ..^ 287 FLherand PTheelery. Mills.^Tkeime - - - - - 289 Pom ell V. Pametl.'^Compeiincy e^ a Lmnatic to Prattcutefor Divorce - - ••- - . • « . 999 Foulkes V. Foitlkesj-^Aitgrnentation rf" Alimony . . • . 293 Mant V. Peyton. — Slander .«......• 996 ffood V. Fletcher, — Action on Sep^tfe Maintenance • • . 996 Knight jf. Middleton.'---Crim. Con, ...*.. 29? Price r. Sandy t.^ContrdctfofBnihiif^ 298 dmez r. Titnno.'-^Policy tjf Insuraitte ..... 299 Gomes T. Reid. — THe same, -•-- - - - . . 300 Warwick v. Scott.— ^The same ....-.- 301 AtSomey^General r.'Boftodaile.'^Pro^trty Act «... 3O9 Carstairs v. Stein.'-^^Bankruptcy ....... 392 Schneider v. Heaih. — Purchase of a Ship .... 304 Sandilarids r. Butt India Companff.»^ Action on a Charter Party - 306 Kingr. M. A. Clarke.— -Libel - - - - - - - 308 King V. Stwman.'-^Setting Fire to his House . - - - 311 Acker ly V. Peftthertontma^Mmffdiiey. --^Excommunication - • 313 Ki?:g r. Dtsfwt.—UnwhoieMlne' Bread ...... 315 Mortimer y. Rohinson,^^Resp Do. qf the same, on Privateering - . - - - - - - 38(» Treaty qf Alliance betfpeen Austria^ Russia, Creai, Britain, and trussia - - - - -. 387 Dutch Constitution - - -- -- - - - 39^ Discourse qfthe Sovereign of the Netherlands on taking the Oath to the Constitution - - - - - . - - 3gt Stcedish Declaration ---.----- 394 Litter from the King oJT Denmark io the Inhabiiants of Narmuy - 394 Declaration of the Allied Powds on breahing qffthe Negociattons at Chatillon 39& Deposition of Napoleon ----..-. 398 Treaty between the Allied Powers and Napoleon . - - - 409 Declaration of the King of Spain - - - .. . . 402 Treaty qf Peace between the Allied Powers and France * •* 408 French Constitution - - - - - -- -.- 420 Proclamation by the President qf the Umled Siatet ^ . . 42ff Treaty of Peace between France and Spain .... 423 Proclamations in Belgium - • - - - - - 424 Proclamation of the Ring of Sweden io the Norwegians - - 4S(» Prince Royal qf Sweden to the Not wegiasu - - - - 428 Note qf the Allied Powers to the King tf Sweden .... 430 The Answer of the King 432 Letter from Prince Christian Frederick to the King - - . 43ft Notcof Ditto to the Envoys of the Allied Powers - - - 436 Answer of the Envoys to the Prince - - - - - - 437 CoHoenttjn between the Prince Royal qf Sweden and the^Norwegian Government ••--•.-•• 438 Pope\ CONTENTS. XV Popes lull re-ntahlisking the Jesuits -•...• 439 »— ^— Edict re-cstabiisning Monastic Orders - - - - 441 PriK-lamation of Prince Christian to the Norwegians - - - 442 Proclamation. — Hanover •----.-- 444 Treaty hetwe'en Denmark and Prussia .--..- 44^ Treatu of Alliance hettoeen the Swiss Cantons .... 44$ Proclamation by the President qf the United States ... 44% Spanish Royal Ordinance ........ 4^0 Meitage of the President of the United States - - - - 451 Declaration respecting the Royal Title of Hanover , - - - 455 Proclamation ---------- 45 when a summons of Bulow t6 march to the southward, in order to act with the grand army of the allies, obliged the British to march back to their cantonments. The French garrison in Gorcum entered into a capitulation on Feb. 4, the conditions of whk:h were, that if not relieved before the aoth, they were to surrender prisoners of war, and in tlie mean time an armistice was to take place. The consequences of the action at La Rothiere were rendered con« dered conspicuous in the occupa* tion by the allies of the important town of Troyes, the chief city of Champagne, containing a popula- tion of 30,000 souls, and being the point at which a number of roads to the capital unite. It was en* tered on Feb. 7 by the Prince of Wurtemberg, who had turned the enemy *s position near Ruvsgni. A detachment from the army of Gen. D Yorck on the 5lh took pos- session of Vitri; and that general pursuing Macdonald to the gates of Chalons, bombarded the town. A ca« 6] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. A capitulation was entered into for Ions. On the lotli, Napoleon at* the evacuation of the place by tacked a Russian division under Gen. Macdonald» which he eflected on Alsufief, at Champ-aubert ; and^ tlic6th, withdrawing his own corps according to the French account, and those of Sebastiani and Arighi captured or destroyed the whole, to the left bank of the Marne. taking all their cannon and bag- Chalons-sur-Saone was captured gage. The statement of numbers, by an Austrian force, under the as usual, widely difters in the re- Prince of Hesse Homburg, Gen. lations of the opposite parties, but Le Grand, who was assembling that the stroke was severe, cannot troops there, retiring upon the road be doubted. On the • 12th, the fo Lyons. French advancing against Blucher's Hitherto the allies had been ad- army, were encountered by Sack- Tsncing in a career of almost un- en's corps and three brigades of that kiterrupted success, and the great of D'Yorck, and a severe engage- Contest was approaching to a crisis meut of i^everal hours ensued, in which threatened ruin to the for- which Napoleon in person com- tunes of the French emperor. In mandcd, at the head of his old tfais emergence it cannot be said guards and other detached corps. that ha wa^ wanting to himself, or The result was, that both armies that he manifested any decline of retained their positions, and Na- his former vigour and enterprizc. |>oleon, insteadof returning to Mont- Mucb inferior in physical force to mi rail, bivouacked on the ground. his enemies, and faintly supported On the next day Sacken was at ty the energies ot a nation which Chateau-Thieiry, and it appeals he had rukd like a harsh despot, that he and D*Yorck afterwards but which his name still held in ouitted that place, and retired bc- awe, he was to make head ac^inst hind the Marnc. The French ac- foes who piessed on him from dif- count of this action speaks of a frrent quarters, and by some bril- great capture of cannon and pri- liant actio:»8, if possible, was to soners by the Fmperor, with whom retrieve his military reputation, and the advantage evidently rested. avert the imt)en(iing dangf-r from Bluchcr, at this time, was posted at the capital of his empire. Not able Bergcrcs, whilst Marmont, with to oppose an adequate resistance to the 6th French corps, had taken the the advance of the allies in every position of ttoges. On Feb. 13, point at once, it was his plan to con- Blucher determined upon attack- oentrate his force at particular parts, ing Marmont, and for that purpose and by striking home blows sue- the advanced guaid of Kbi?t's corps ccssivcly, brenk their couimunica- was sent forwards; but, on its ap- tions and disconcert tl)eir measures, proach, Marmont gradually rc- The report from Blucher's army treated, keeping up a brisk fire, on Feb 8, was, that the Field- and was pursued chiefly by the marshal himself was to move for- Cossacks, beyond the village of vard on that day to fltogcs: that Champ-aubert. The Field-marshal Sacken was at Montmirail, with halted there for the night, and the his advanced parties two leagues in enemy bivouacked in front of Fro- firontj Gen. D'Yorck at Chateau- mentiers. TbUrrryj and Gen. Kleist at Cba* On the morning of the T4th, it being GENERAL HISTORY^ [7 ^ng aooonncect that Marinont »ag still retreating, Blucher rb- solrtd upon a further pursuit. He hd ondfr his orders only the corps of Kirist, and Gen. Kapstewitz^s difision of Langeron's corps. The axmy continutd retreating, till he came near the village of Janvillieis, wliere a considerable bodv of ca- rriry was collected. He then sud- denly rushed upon six advanced guns, and took possession of them, bat they were recovered by the Prussbn cavalry. From some pri- soners maJe on the occasion, it was leamrd that Napoleon himself was on the ground, >vith all his juards and a large body of cavalry, having made a forced march in the eight from Chateau Thierry. BIu- cher*s infantry was at this time ad- vancing in columns on the open grounds on each side of the cansc- i^-ay leading through the village, when a great mass of enemy's cavalry pushed forward, broke through the cavalry of the advanced guard, and dividing itself, attacked with great fury the columns of in&ntry. The columns formed into squares, and succeeded in re- pelling the enemy ; but the num- bers of the latter increasing, and bodies of cavalry being seen to move found on each flank, the Field- niarshal resolved upon a retreat. The troops were disposed in the fnost skilful order for defence dgainst the superior numbers by ^bich they were vigorously ai- sailed; and from Janvilliers to half way between Charap-aubert and Etoges, a distance of nearly four leagues, it was a continued retiring combat. The most per- fect order, however, was pre- served by the retreating troops, and every charge was repelled. At IQDSet^ a corps of enemy's cavalry^ which had taken a circuit round the flanks, threw themselves into the line of retreat, and formed into a' solid mass with the evident purpose of disputing the passage. Blucher was now entirely sur- rounded, and nothing was left but to break through his opponents. He instantly made his decisioi^y and arranged his infantry for an attack. 'They opened a heavy fire upon (he intercepting cavalr}', which it was unable to withstand, and the passage was left free. Still the flanks and rear of the retreat- ing army were assailed, but not a square or column was broken. At the approach of night, the enemy's infantry succeeded to their cavalry in the attacks, and particularly in the village of Etoges threw a se- vere fire upon both flanks. Gene- rals Kleist and Kapsiewitz, how- ever, forced the way with their corps, and at length, without fur- ther molestation, reached the po- sition of Bergeres, where they bi- vouacked for the night. The loss acknowledged on their side amount- ed to 3,500 men and seven pieces of artillery. The French account of this action, however, boasts of much greater success. It asserts that several of the squares of the allies were broken ^ and carries their loss to 10,000 prisoners, 10 pieces of cannon, 10 colours, and a great number killed. That the check given to the array of Silesia was a very serious one, appeared from the necessity Marshal Blucher found himself under of retiring back as far as Chalons, with the complete interruption of his com- munication with the Austrians. At Chalons he waited for the junc-~ tion of the dispersed parts of his force, which gradually took place, so that instead of its annihilation, according 83 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. according to thtr language of the lenax, ready to advance^ if necea* Freoch papers. It was in a few days sary, upon Napoleon's rear, or to in the condition of marching to protect the movements of that part renew its connection with the of the army which was to act on grand army. In the mean time the left of the Seine, towards Fon- Gen. Winzingerode had carried by tainbleau. On the i6(h, the Aus* assault the town of Soissons, in trian corps under Hardegg and which he made prisoners of two Thurn, and the Cossacks of Platoif, g^erals and about three tliousand had succeeded in reducing Fon« men, and took thirteen pieces of tainbleau, where they took a gene- cannon. He moved thence to ral« some cannon, and prisoners. filieims^ from which it was his in- But the allied arms on this side tbntion to join Blucher at Chalons, also were now to experience a re- '. While these events were taking verse. Napoleon having succeeded I^bce upon and near the Marne, in driving back Blucher* in pur- Prince Scl^wartzenberg w^s co- suanceof his plan, turned his force operating with the army of Silesia, against Schwartzenberg ; and on bj an advance upon Paris in the Feb. 17 fell with a large body of direction of the Seine. On Feb. cavalry upon the advanced guard II, the Prince Royal of Wurtem- of Wittgenstein's corps, which berg summoned the commandant was posted at Nangis, under the of Sens to surrender, and upon his command of Count Pahlen. The refiisal, forced the barricades, and result of the action was, that this entered the place. He then di- advanced guard was beaten back rected his force on Pont-sur-Yonne, with a considerable loss of men and whence he marched to Bray. Count artillery; and in consequence, Hardegg, on the 9th, attacked the Schwartzenberg thought it pru- rear of the enemy between Ro- dent to withdraw the greater part milly and St. Hilaire, and drove of his army across the Seine. He it with some loss towards Nogent. still, however, kept possession of Schwartzenberg having on the the bridges over that river at Men- next day rcconnoitered Nogent, tereau. Bray, and Nogent. On the directed another attack upon this i8th, the two former posts were rear-guard, in consequence of vigorously attacked, but without which it was obliged to retire into eftect -, and the Prince of Wurten- the town, and Hardegg pursuing berg, who commanded at Mon- the enemy thither, established him- tereau, not only repulsed three at- self in a part of the place. Witt- tacks, but took prisoners and can- genstein having been directed to non. Late in the evening, how- assemble his corps near Pont-sur- ever, the enemy renewed the as- Seine, and Wrede to advance from sault with such an augmented force, Nogent towards Bray, the enemy that the prince was driven across abandoned the left bank of the the river, and so closely pressed^ §eine, and destroyed the bridges that he had not time to destroy the over that river. Schwartzenberg bridge. He retreated towards then determined to push these Bray, and a considerable part of corps and that of the Prince of the French force passed the river Wurtembqrg, to Pionns and Vil- after him. The final result was» that GENERAL HISTORV. [9 tbitSchwartzmbzerg withdrew the |raDd army from its positions on ite Sdoe, and established his head- qoarters at Troyes. The army of Silesia being re- stored to marching condition^ ad- raflced on Feb. 3 1 to Meri on the Seine, pur|;>osing to form the right wing of the grand army at Troyes. It was there attacked from the left side of the river by a large force under Marshal Oudinot, upon which Marshal Blucher made im- mediate preparations to burn the bridge^ which connects the two parts of the town, and to defend the part on the right bank. By some accidenfj however, the town was set on fire, which rendered its defence impracticable 1 and the rapid advance of the French saved the bridge from being so far in* jured as to destroy the communi- cation. The small party left in the town was obliged, after a firing of some hourf* to give way to the enemy, who crossed the bridge* In the mean time Blucher had drawn up his army in two lines on a plain, and three battalions of the enemy having pushed forward to make a passage for the rest of their troops, they were driven back over the bridge, leaving some wounded and prisoners behind. Intelli- gence being received that Mar- Qiont was marching in force from Sezanne towards Chalons, Blucher on the 24th crossed the Aube with his whole army, and followed Mar- moDt, who continued his route to Fert6 sons Jouarre on the Marne. On arriving at Bebais, Blucher waa ioformed' that Marshal Mortier, with the yoong guard, had march- edfirom Chateau-Thierry to make a jonctioo with Marmont; and it being probable that Napoleon, bening of the march of the army of Silesia in this direction, would detach a force to the rear of it, the passage of the Marne in face of the united troops of Mortler and Marraont, became a matter of de- licacy. The plan therefore waa adopted of directing the corps of Sacken and Langeron to march by Coulomiers upon Meaux, whilst those of D'Yorck and Kleist wero to proceed to Fcrtc-sous-Jouarrc^ The result was, that the two French Marshals precipitately quitted that town, and that the passage of the Marne was effected without dif« ficulty. Sacken*s advanced guard occupied the suburbs of Mcaux on the left bank of the river. On Feb« 33, the French troops with Napo* leon invested Troyes on all sides^ and a Russian aid-de-camp came to the advanced posts to dennand time for evacuating the city, other- wise it would be set on fire. Thia threat arrested the movements pf the French, and Troyes was eva<^ cuated during the night. Napo- leon entered it in the morning j and according to the French accounts, there were taken in the city 2000 prisoners, besides 1000 wounded in the hospital. This recovery of the capital of Champagne was al cause of no small triumph} and die spirits of the Parisians were further supported by the pr^ sentation in grand procession to the Empress, of the colours taken from the allies. Napoleon displayed both his ap^ prehensions and his ferocity in a decree issued at Troyes, by which he ordered that every Frenchman who had accompanied the armies of the allied powers in this invasion of. the empire, should, without delay; be summoned before his courts and tribunals, and condemned to tho penalties infiicted by the laws, and his 10] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. bis property confiscated ; and that every Frenchman who had worn the badges of the decorations of the ancient dynasty in places occupied by the enemy, should be declared p traitor^ and condemned to death with confiscation of property by a p;iiHt8ry commission. The French troops assembled near Lyons under the orders of Marshal Augercau, commenced of- fensive operations about this time, and advanced to Macop and Bourg. The corps of Gen. Bianchi was sent by Prince Schwartzenberg to oppo&e them. The town of Bar- fur-Aube having been taken pos« session of by the enemy. Gen. Wredc was dispatched to retake it, which he effected on the 26th. The French, however, recovered it, but th? suburbs remained in the occupation of the Bavarians. On the 27lh, Schwartzenberg attacked the enemy on the road to Vau- dceuvre, and after a severe action, rfrove them from all their positions on that side the Aube. The Prince of Wurtcmberg and Gen. Guillay, succeeded in obtaining possession of La Ferle and Clairvaux. On the same day Napoleon's guards had attacked Tetenbom, who was posted at Ftre Champcnoise, and obliged him to retire to Vcrtus. Napolfon himself was at Arcls, and a considerable corps of his army was marching upon Sezanne. The operations of Schwartzen- bcrg's army were preludes to the recovery of Troycs. Gen. Frimont, after various affairs with the rear* guard of the French array, esta- blished his head-quarters at Vau- doeuvre. The Prince of Wurtcm- berg, who obtained possession of Bar-sur-Seine on March i, fol- lowed the retreat of t|ie enetpy to La Maison Blanche on the id. By a reconnoissanceon that day, it was ascertained that the French army was in position along the Barco, on the right of the Seine, and at Mai- son Blanche on the left of it. An attack was determined on by Schwartzenberg on the 3d. Its details are not intelligible without a local map ; but the result wa?, that Marshal Oudjnot was com- pelled to retreat with a loss of ttn pieces of cannon, fifty- four officers, and three thousand prisoners. Ge- nerals Wittgenstein and Wredc particularly distinguished them- selves in this action. The latter advanced upon the enemy on the 4th, who, upon beingsummoned to surrender Troycs, capitulaled on being allowed half an hour to eva- cuate it. As soon as that was ex- pired, Schwartzenberg directed all his cavalry to pursue on the road to Nogent/ Napoleon wasatthistime marching against Blucher; and Schwartzenberg dispatched Pla- toff to move upon Sezanne, in order to harass his rear. At this period we shall suspend the narrative of events in these quarters till we have given a view of what had been passing in other parts. It will be proper however first to mention, that plenipotentiaries from the different belligerent pow- ers had been sitting at Chatillot^ during these hostile operations, for the purpose of establishing a basi^ for a general peace. The naine of the Crown Prince of Sweden has not yet been men- tioned as connected with the ope- rations of the allies in France. A bullrtin from his army, dated Co- logne, Feb. 12, relates, that the Prince arrived at that city on the loth^ and gives the following state- ment GENERAL HISTORY. Ch meat of the position of the dif** krcni corps composing his arraj. The corps of Bulow, forminfi; its right, was in the environs of Brus- sels, and had pushed its aJvanced posui in the environs of Mons. Winzingcnxle, whose head-quar« tcrs were at Namur, formed the centre: he had already gained pos- session nt Mons, Avesnes, and Rheinjs. Woronzoff had passed the Rhine at Cologne to come in cf^ntact with hiro. The advanced gojrd of the Swedish army was to b; on the Rhine on the 2ist^ and the whole army was expected to cross that river before the end of that month. The Danish troops bad takrn the route of Dusseldorf, passing by Bremen and Munster. It was the declared intention of the Crown-prince to unite the whole army under hjs orders on a Hue between Soissons and Rheims^ and then to act according to circura- sfinces. The success of Winzin- gcroJe at Soissons has been already mentioned. Tournay was in the possession of the allies about the 20th, the French General Maison having retired to Lisle. Sas Van Ghent about this tin^c surrendered by capitulation. The result of an unfortunate atr tack upon the strong fortress of Bergen-op-Zoom was the latest in- telligence at this time commu- nicated from Holland. On the night of March 8, Sir I'homas Graham collected about 4000 Bri- tish troops for an attempt to carry the place by storm. They were formed intofourcolumns, ol which tuo were destined to attack at dif- ferent points of the fortifications, the third to make a false attack, and the fourth to attack by the (mtrance of the harbour, which is fordable at low water. The first of there, on the left, led by Ma- jor-Gcn. Cooke, incurred some de-« Jay on account of a difficulty in passing the ditch on the ice, but at length established itself on tho rampart. In the mesn time the- right column under Major-Gen, Skerret, and Brigadier-Gen. Gore> had forced their way into the body of the place, but the fall of the lat* ter ofiicer, and dangerous wounds of the former, caused the column to fall into disorder, and suffer 9 great loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The centre columil being driven back by the heavy £re of the place with considerable loss, was re-formed, and marched round to join General Cooke. At day-break the eqeroy turned the guns of the place upon the troops on the unprotected rampart, and much loss and confusion ensued, the detail of which it is unneces- sary to transcribe. Gen. Cooke at length, despairing of success, di- rected the retreat of the guards, which was c<:)nducied in the most orderly manncrj and finding it im- possible to withdraw his weak bat- talions, he sa\ed the lives of the remaining men by a surrender. The governor of Eergen-op-Zoom, Gen. Bizanet, who is represented as a brave and humane man, agreed to a suspension of hostilities for an exchange of prisonerf , and to li- beral stipulatiops for the trc atment of the wounded left in bis hands. The number of killed on this occa- sion was computed at about three hundred, and of prisoners at 1800, among whom a considerable num^ ber were wounded. An English reader will naturally feel impatience to be informed of the movemeots of the combined army 122 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1«I4. army uoder Lord Wellington, which had taken up its winter- quarters upon French territory. The first intelligence received from bis Lordbhip was dated from St. Jean de Luz on January 9, at which period no other incident worthy of mention had taken place tlian the (kxu]^tion of a height by the French to theright of a Portuguese brigade, from which they were afterwards driven without loss. In a dispatch dated Feb. 20, I.ord Wellington mentions that on the 14th he moved the right of the ar- my under Sir R. Hill, which at- tacked the enemy's position at Hellete, whence Gen. Harispe was obliged to retire with loss. Gen. Bill pursued on the next day, and fi)und the French in a strong po- ution In front of Garris, where Ha- nape had been joined by the di- vision of Gen. Paris, which had been recalled from the march it bad commenced towards the in- terior of France, as well as by other troops. A gallant attack was made upon this post by a Spanish and English division, under Gen. Mu- rillo and Sir W. Stewart, who car- ried it without considerable loss. At the same time the centre of the army made a corresponding move- ment, and in successive actions drove their opponents across the Gave D*01eron, upon which, on the 1 8th, its posts were established. The French at this time had con- siderably weakened their force at Bayomse, and had withdrawn from the right of the Adour above that town. The relics of the wai in Ger« miioy consisted in the operations of the allied troops, which vere employed in the investment and li^e of those towns which were still occupied by French garrisons. The unfortunate city of Hamburg was still suffering under the unre- lenting severity of Marshal Da- ▼oust's piecautionary measures, one of which was the appointment of a con»mis>ion having the power of condemning to death all persons who even used " inflammatory .speeches to exasperate the soldiers against their commanders, or the inhabitants against the lawful pow- ers, or against the troops." Dant- zic was evacuated on Jan. 2, ac- cording to a capitulation, by which the French garrison remained pri- soners of war. It was entered on the same day by Duke Alexander of Wurtemberg, at the head of 16,000 Russians and Prussia ns, amidst the general rejoicing of the inhabitants delivered from the suf- ferings of their long siege. The fortress of Wittenberg was carried by storm on the. night of January 12, under the direction of Gen. Tauenzien. After the town was taken, the governor retired to the castle,* but being summoned un- der the threat of putting the gar- rison to the sword, he surrendered at discretion. The loss to the as- sailants was inconsiderable. The French prisoners were to be sent to Berlin. In Italy the contest between the Austrians and the French was maintained with considerable vi- gour on both sides. Count £el- Jegarde, the Austrian general, on passing the Adige, addressed a pro- clamation to the people of Italy, in which he mentioned the reso- lution of the King of Naples 10 join the arms of the allies. It was one of the roost decisive symptoms of the opiniqn entertained of Na- polcuQ*8 approaching decline, that this GENERAL HISTORY. [13 this sovereign of his own creation, hit favourite fellow-soldier, con- nected with him by ties of kindred, should think it necessary for his own security to join the general con- federacy against him. In the be- ginning of the year a treaty of alliance was concluded between the Emperor of Austria and the Xing of Naples, by the terras of which the Emperor engaged to Iceep at least 50,000 men in Italy, and the King 20,000, till (he end of the war, to act in concert, and to be augmented in case of neces- sity ; and the former guaranteed to the latter and his heirs the pos- session of the dominions actually held by him in Italy, and promised his mediation to induce the allies to acpede to this guarantee. The King of Naples in conscqnence arrived at Bologna, whither Count Bellegarde on Jan. 6, went to pay his compliments to him. The French on the 4th quitted Verona, leaving a garrison in th« old castle, and the Austrians on tha same day entered the town. The Viceroy of Italy, Eugene. Beau- harnois, marched on the 7th with the flower of his troops 00 the side of Bozzplo on the Mincio, to oppose the passage of that river by the Austrians. A division and some battalions had already passed, when they were attacked by supe- rior numbers. The whole of that day and the next passed in severe actions, in which the Austrians underwent considerable loss, bat are represented as roaintainiog their ground. Their n^ajn army did not come up till the 9th, when it was established to the number of between 40 and 50,006 men on both banks of the Mineio. . ^VlKX. 14] ANNUAL REQISTfiR, J8l4 CHAPTER II. IfapoUon^ Attempt to recover Soissons. — His Attaci upon i/ucker at Craone. — T//e .after retreats to Ldon and is there attached. — French repulsed — Rhehns takt-n ly the Russians and recovered by Napoleon, — Schwartzenhergs Army at Arcis sur-Aube. — Arci^ tt^ken by the Prince of Wurtemberg. — NcgociationS at Chmillon broken off — Lord IVel- lington advances lo Orthes. — Carries the French Po^iijons, and passes the Adour. — Citadel of Bayonne invested — French retreat towards Tar bes,-^ Marshal Beresford enters Bourdeaux, where the white cockade is hoisted, and the Duke of Angouleme is receive L — French driven from Tarbes. — Actions near Vitry. — Napoleon pushes between the Allitd Armies. — Thdy unite and advance towards Paris. — French defeated at Fere Champenoise. — Convoy taken. — Advance of the Allies. '—Marmont and Mtrrtier enter Paris, — Force there. Po.sition of thi Allies before the Capital. — Schiuartzenberg's Address to the Parisians. '^French march out. — Attacked at Bel/evil/e, tsfc. by the Allies.'-^ Armistice and Capitulation of Paris. — Entrance of the Allied Sove- reigns.— Their Declaration. — Decrees of the French Senate. — Trans- actions of Napoleon. — His Abdication. — Conditions. — Slate of the French Nation. — Provisional Government, and French Constitution. — Momieur enters Paris. — Lord IVeldngton advances to Toulouse. — .Battle there. — Suspension vf Hostilities. — Sortie from Bayonne. — Transactions at Paris, — Decree of Monsieur. — Buonapartes Depar* iurefrom Fontainbleau. — Louis XFllL lands in France, WE left Najjoleon making a come up, determined on an attempt second advance against tho to recover Soissons> which was de- army commanded by Marshal Bin- fended by 10,000 Russian infantr}' cher, the anlagoiust whose spirit of Langeron's corps. The attack and enterprise appear to have rcn- was made soon afier day-light ; dered htm peculiarly an object of the French gained possession of the alarm. This army effected its greatest part of the suburbs, and junction with the corj)s of Win- twice assailed the town itself oa zingerode and Bulow, at Soissons, opposite sides with heavy columns, on the evening of March 3; and supported by the divisions of Mar- the Field-marshal took a position mont and Mortier. They were to the left, and in the rear of Sois- both times repulsed, but still re- K^ns^ with his right on the village tailed possession of the snburbs, of Laffaux,and his left near Craone. whence they maintains d a constant On the 5th, Napoleon, with the fire till night on the troops posted whole of his guards, the corps of on the walls cf the town, the MaroK)nt and Mortier, and a con- Russians at the same time keep- sidorable body of cavalry^ having log another part of the suburbs^ and GENERAL HISTORY. [15 tod a few houses only separating the combatants. The contest was laoguinaiy, and the loss of the fiaasians is stated to have been more than a thousand in killed and wounded. Napoleon in the mean time was descried niovmg to his right; and on the forenoon of the 6th^ he effected his passage of the Aisne*, and at two in the afternoon, commenced an attack on the left of Blncher's position at Craone. Strong columns were observed at the same time marching hf Cor- beny towards Laon. Tlie Field - marshal made proper dispositions to secure Laon and cover the com- munication with that city, and at the same time to support that part of the position which was threat- ened. The enemy was repulsed, and the firing ceased with the day. On the morning of the 7th, it was ajcenained that the French had desistrd from their march to Laon, ar.d their further intentions were not clearly discoverable. About eleven in the forenoon, however, they began an attack with their whole force against the point where Wlnzingerode's infantry was post- ed. A very severe action ensued, the result of which was, that Gen. Sacken found it necessary to exe- cote that part of the disposition wiiich provided fur the retreat of the army towards Laon. This was effected with great order, not even a single dismounted gun being left in the enemy ^s possession/ The lou in killed and wounded was how- ever considerable; and that of the French could scarcely be inferior, ^'om the admirable manner in whcih the Russian artillery was sened. On March 9, Napoleon with his ooDccntiated forceat tacked Blucher 10 his position at Laon^ where the eIe^'ated ground on which the city is situated was occupied by the corps of Gen. Bulow, whilst the remainder of the Field- marshal's army was posted on the plain below to the right and left of the town. Pefore day-light the French ad- vanced under cover of a thick fog, and obtained po««session of two vil- lages which may be regarded as the suburbs of the place. When the fog cleared up they were observed to be in force behind the villages, with columns of inf mtry and ca- valry on the causeway towards Soissons. They were soon repulsed from the nearest villages, and Blu- cher ordered the cavalry from the rear to advance and turn their left flank, whilst a part of Bulow*9 corps was ordered to drive them from the 01 her village. During these operations, about two in the afternoon, a column of the enemy, consisting of sixteen battalions of infantry, with cavahy and cannon, was descried advancing along the causeway from Rheims. General D'Yorck, with Sacken to support him, were directed to oppose them, and here the battle became most general and decisive. Th'? French opened a battery of forty or fifty pieces of artillery; and were con- fidently moving forward on a pas de charge, when they were met by Prince William of Prussia, and overthrovrn. Their retreat soon became a flight, in which they lost baggage, cannon, and prisoners. The pursuit continued as far as Corbcny. On the right, no other advantages were gained than the expulsion of the French from the villages. The attack on the right was renewed on the next day, the loth, and continued during the whole of it. The French at one time 1 tion, probably the result of cor- respondences in ihe city, proved eventually a matter of g'eat con- sequence. The Marshal arrived at Bourdeaux on the 12th of March, and being met at a short distance from the place by the mayor and other principal inha- bitants was conducttfd mto the city \*^iih e\ery <( inonhtration of joy. The magistrates and city guards took od^ the lag>es and otlier ' imprrial badges, and spont^ne^ ously assumed the white cockade» the badge of the Bourbons ; and thus one of the most important cities in France openly declared for coo nter- revolution. The Duke D'Angoulcme, husband to tlie- daughter of Lewis XVI. and ne- phew of Lewis XVIIL, accompa- nied the British troops, and was' received in Bourdeaux with gene* ral acclamations. The maycr is- sued a proclamation to animate the inhabitants in the cause of their lawful king. Lord Wellington, having beeji joined ^ detached troops and hisr reserves of cavaUy, proceeded on the i8tb against the French army. Soalt retreated before bim^ first to Vfc Baygorey, andthed toTiarbes. At this place he assembled bis forces on ihe 10th, but his Lord* ship making an attack in two co- lumns, the enemy retreated in all directions after safiering consider- able loss. We now return to (he operations of the allied armies in the Ticinity of the French capital. On March 23, the whole of the army^-sf Prince Schwartzenberv was di- rected upon Vitry. A Russian light division of cavalry having at* tacked a considerable body of in- fantry, killed and made prisoners of a great number of th-m, and took twenty pieces of cannon. The French having withdrawn from aJ their ^ osition nc.ir Arcrt, were G EN £ II A L H I STO R V: U9 trcrr now marching upon Vitry, wfcere Napoleon was to be joined bribe corps of Marshals Ney and Micdonald. The Prassian com- oundant at Vitry had l)een sum- moned by Ney, with the threat of □ilitaiy executipn on refusal to scneDder; hat be persisted in holding the place. Napoleon at this time had taken the road to St. Dizter with his whole army. His plan, as discovered by an inter- cepted letier, appears to have been to posh between the two allied ar- mief, to interrupt their comrou- DJcation, to fiiH upon the rear of the Aostrians, and to take any other measures that opportunity offered. This bold and rather des- perate movement, was evidently the result of his finding himself too weak to oppose the ditferent advances of the allies in front. He also doubtless expected that the capital itself, if attacked in b!s ibseoce, would make a resistance snflident to give him time to march toits.rdief. The discovery of his intentions^ howevct, produced an immediate detenftiination in the allied Generals to unite their forces, aod march directly ibr P^s. The coi^oiDed annies were in number n least a6o,obo^commandedby the ablest leaders, and animated with the waraiert emulation to etnploy eieiy e0brt in bringing this mighty contest to a triumphant decision. On the 35th, the combined ar- my marched in three columns to Fere Charopenoise. The corps of Blarmoni, Mortier, and Arrighi, which had bren retiring from be- fore Marshal Blucher, moved to* wards Vitry fo connect themselves with the operations of Napoleon^ and to thdr surprise found them- selves dose to the army of Schwart* ' zenberg, when they were expect- ing to meet their own. They were immediately attacked, and driven back with a great loss bf baggage^ cannon, and prisoners. On the same day a column of 5000 men, under Gen. Ames, which had brought from P^ris a great convoy of provision and ammunition for Napoleon's army, was discovered and attacked by the allied cavalry. The column, though consisting of young troops and national guards^ ' defended itself with great gallan« try, and when completely sar« roundedj continued marching oa in squares and firing ; nor did they submit to surrender, till a battery of Russian artillery opened upon : them, and they were broken by repeated charges of cavalry. The whi»*c with their camion and the convoy then fell into the bands of the assaiknts. Generals D'Tonok « and Kleist, who had moved from* Montmirail on la Fert6 Gaucher, • contributed to the overthrow of this part of the Freocharmy, which was diminished l>y a third of its numbers, with the loss of almost all its artillery. The grand army continued to advance, and on the- 27th its head-quarters were at Cou- lomiers. Intelligence was now received from Winzingerode and- CzernicheflT, who were harassing Napoleon's rear with a large body of cavalry and cannon, that he was marching bflck with gi'eat precipitation towards the capital by Bar-sur-Aobe and Troycs. On the 28th Blocher passed the Mnrne at Meanxand at Triport with incon- sidetable opposition . P^rt of Mor- tier's corps retreating through Meaux, broke down the bridge, and without giving any notice to the inhabitants, blew up a vast [C 2] magazine 80] ANNUAL REGIS.TER, 1814. magazine of powder, the explo- sion of which did great injoiy to the place. DTorck advaociog to Claye^ had a sharp action with the enemy*! re^r* in which be lost some hundredi of men, but suc- ceeded at length in driving them from the woods abont that place. The alarm was now hot io Paris. The nominal king Joseph^ whom his brother had constituted his lieotenant-general, issued a pro- cUinaation in which he acquainted the Parisians with the enemy's adtance to Meaux, and urged tkean to the defence of their city, asmring them that the emperor wai matching with a vktorioiu amy to their succour. On the aothj the corps of Mar- reoitt and Mortier entered Paris, io which a ganisoo had been *^*-e- riously asseml>)ed, foosisting of part of general tSerard'a corps, and |i body of about 8ooa r^^ar froopi, and 30,000 national gusxds under general Holin. The allies at this lime had their right to- wards MoDtmartre, and their left near the wood of Vinoennes. Prince Schwartcenbevg now ad- dressed a proclamation to the people of Paris, in which he ac* quainted them with the presence of the allied armies before their city, their object being a sincere and lasting reconciliation with France. " The attemptsi (be said) hitherto made to put an end to so many calamities have been useless, because there exists in the very power of the government which oppresses you an insurmountable obstacle to peace.** After other hints of the expectation of the allied powers, that the Parisians would declare in favour of a *' sa- lutary atithority," and a reference to the condoct of Bourdeaux, he concluded with an assurance that the preservation and tranquillity of their city would be attended to by the allies, in conjunction with their own prinapal citizens, anil that no troops should be quartered upon them. Another conflict, however, still remained before the final decision of Napoleon's fate. On the morning of March ^oth, the French army under the com- mand of Joseph Buonaparte, as- sisted by marshals Marroout and Mortier, took a position in which its right occupied the heights of Footenay, Romainville. and Belle- ville, its lefl rested upon Mont- martre, its centre was protected by several redoubts, and in the whole line were ranged more than 150 pseoes of artillery. An attack was immediately determined on by the allies, in which the Silesian army was to advance by the side of St. Denis and Montmartre, and the grand army was to force the heiffhts of BxMnainville and Belleville. These, with that of Montmartre, are so situated that the possession of them commands Paris, with all the intervening tract, filled with villagea and country seats. The attack was commenced by the divisioo of Prince Eugene of Wirtembeig, which long sustained with great spirit a galling fire of artillexy, and at length carried the heights of Romainville, the enemy retir- ing to those of Belleville behind them. More to the left, the prince-royal of Wurtembei^g di- rected aa attack on the heights of Rosny and Charenton. The at- tack of the Silesian aimy by aome accident was for a time d^yed s but it was not long before d'Yorck and GENERAL HISTORY. [21 and Kleist opened nesr Sr. Denis tentment for the long and atroi- upon Anbenrilliers, at which place» cious iDJuries inflicted upon the and at Pantin, a very obstinate coontries of £arope« by the jre* lesistance was madei Prince Wil- lentless ambition of the French liana of Prussia with his bfigrade, ruler, roust have inspired a strong and the Prussian guards, here desire of retaliatioo \ and the greatly distinguished themselves, flames of Moscow, in particular, A redoubt and battery in the must have kindled in the Russian enemy's centre kept d*Yorck in troops an impatient ardour for check for soaie part of the day i sprrading the ' same destruction but their flank fa^ng exposed by through the streets of Paris. So the k)ss of the heights of Romain- fiercely did this passion rage, that Tiile, and their losses in every part the emperor Alexander ii said of the field, reduced them to the almost to have descended to sup- necessity of sending a flag of truce plications, with the more ttndisci* to propose a cessation of hostilities, plined of his bands, to induce thetn on the condition of their yielding to forego their vindictive purposes. ail the ground without the barrier But this benevolent sovereign, of Pbris, till further arrangements with his illustrious confederates, could be made. The heights of must have shuddered at the idea Montmartre were at this time of involving the innocent, as well about to be stormed, and the as, the guilty inhabitants of a vast viUage of la- Villette had been ci^ in the direst calamities ; earned hy Woronzow's division, moreover, the declarations of the which was pushing on to the allied powers had been filled with barrier) the sovereigns of Russia sentiments of good-will towards and Prussia, and Prince Schwart- the French nation, the happiness^ zenberg, however, desirous of and even prosperity, of wfaich» saving the capital from being they professied to have in vtew« as •ackedf roost humanely agreed to hr as was compatible with the the proposal : two aides-de-camp welfare of its tieighbours. Mere • vMt sent to pot the terms in retaliatory mischief is always ig- ^xeeotkm \ the battle ceased \ and noble, and generally unjust, since jit four in the afternoon, count its efiects cannot be limited to Nesselrode, the Russian minister, suitable objects. From these con- vent into Paris. Thus terminated siderations, though we may justly this important day, which was not praise, we cannot wonder at the • without considerable loss to the pacific and conciliatory measures allies ; but it was final. that were immediately adopted by The metropolis of France being the victors on this great event, thus laid prostrate at the fi^et of The first important act was the hostile armies, no determination capitulation which resulted from ever occurred of greater moment, the armistice granted by the allied in a moral and political view, than powers. Its most material articles the treatment it was to receive, were the evacuation of Paris, by Besides the lust <^ rapine and pil- the troops of Marmont and Mor- lage which prevails in the mass of tier, at seven in tbe morning of the all military bodies^ feielingsof re- jist, taking with them all their military as] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. military apparteoances; tbeendre ^aepandoD of the national guards and municipal gendarmerie, from the troops of the line, leaving their . fatnie condition to the determina- tion of the allied powers ; and the relinquishment of the arsenals, magazines, &c. in the same state as when the capitulation was pro- posed. On the same day, the en- trance of the sovereigns into Paris took place, the ceremonial of which is thus described by sir*C. 8tewart. " The cavalry, under tlie grand arch-duke Constantinr, and the guards of all the different allied forces, were formed in .columns early in the inorniog on the road firom Bondi to Paris. The em^ieror of RuMia with all his staff*, his generals, and their suites present, proceeded to Pan tin, where the king of Prussia joined him with a similar cort6ge. These sovereigns, surrounded by all the princes in the army, together with the prince field-marshal, and tlie Austrian etat-major, passed through the fauxbourg St. Martin, and entered the barrier of Paris about eleren o'clock, the Cossacks of the guard forming the advance of the march. Already was the crowd 80 enormous, as well as the ac- clamations so great, that it was difficult to move forward; but before the roonarchs reached the Porte de St. Martin to turn on the boulevards, there was a moral impossibility of proceeding. All Paris seemed to b€ assembled and concentrated in one spots one •pring evidently directed all their movements : they thronged in such nuMses round the emperor and king, that, with all tbdr con- c)esceodfDg and gracious familia- rit/i extcmiing their bands on all sides, it was in vain to attempt to satisfy the populace.** In the French account it is added, that before the chiefs of the three armies entered any house, they made their troops file off* belbie them, to preserve discipline, and prevent disorders. They then alighted ai the bouse of the prince of fienevento (Talleyrand) and the emperor of Russia issued a declaration expressing the inten- tions of himself and his colleagnes. It affirmed, that the allied sove- reigns would no more treat with Napoleon Buonaparte, nor with any of his fiimily j that they re- spected the integrity of ancient France, as it existed under its le- gitimate kings, and would per- haps do mortf for it ; and that they would recognize and' gua- rantee the constitution which France should adopt. (See State Papers). On April I, the members of the senate assembled in conse^ quence of an extraordinary convo- cation, the Prince of Benevento being president. Tbey passed a decree, " that there shall be esta- blished a provisional government, charged to provide for the wants of the administration, and to pre« sent to the senate the plan of a constitution which -may suit the French people.'* This government was to consist of five members, who were then nominated, Tal- leyrand's name itanding first. On the proposal of a senator, the fol- lowing articles were voted : That the senate and the legislative body are integral parts of the intended coostitQtion : that the army, as well as the retired offioers and bo1-> dters, shall retain the rBnk^,;ho- nouri> a&d pensioni tfiey at proent enjoy ; GENERAL HISTORY. res eojof : that the public debts shall be iniiriiable : that the sale of the na- tuoal (k>inains shall be irrevoca- bk: that no Frenchman shall be leiponsible for the public opinions be may have expressed : that li- bert/ of worship and conscience shall be maintained^ as well as li- herty of the piess» subject to legal penalties far its abase. At a sitiiug of the aenate on the following day 9 a decree passed, which, after a preacuble asserting, '* that io a constitutional monar- Aj the monarch raists only in Tinoe of the constitution or social oompact/' proceede4 to shew, in a oumber of articles, in what manner Napokoo Buonaparte had violated hiscooapact wiih the French peo- ple i aodj aa the coosequenoe, de- dared : 1 . That Napolcou Bnona- ptrte baa forfeited the throne, and the hereditary right established in his £unily is abolished : 2. That the French people and the army. ire leleaseJ from their oath of fidelity towards Napolean Buopa- parte : 3. That the present decree shall be transmitted by a message to the provisional government of Fnoce* conveyed forthwith to nil the departmeius and the armies, 4iid ioiaiedlately prodaimed in all the quarters of the capital. (See StMe Papers.) A similar molu- ticxi waa 00 the ume day adopted bjr the legislative body. Daring these transactions in the capiu1« Napol^po moved his army Asm Tnyet by Sens towards Fon- ^inbleau. He arrived at Fromont Qo the 30th, and would have been ia Paris had it not been in the poaseiiioo of the allies. On learn- ing what had passed, he retired to Corbcfl, ,aiid thence to Fontain- hicao, whence^ on .April 4^ he sent Marshals Ney and Macdon- ald, and General Canlaincoort, to carry to the senate his proposal of submitting to the decision of that body and of the FreiK:h people, and to abdicate in favour of bis son; T!iis proposition being rejected, he announced an unconditional abdi- cation in the following terms : " The allied powers having pro- claimed that the £mperor Napo- leon was the only obstacle to the re-establisliment of the peace of Europe, the Emperor Napoleon, faithlul to his oath, declares that he renounces, for himself and heirs^ the thrones of Frsnoe and Italy; and that there is no per- sonal sacrifice, even that of life, which he is not rrady to make to the interests of France.** Such was the close of a carrer of in- satiable ambition, which had for so many years involved Europe in blood, and shaken its firmest thrones. From the charscter of the man a very difierrnt termina- tion had been expected ; and after he had refused conditions of peace which would have left him a po- tent, though a diminished sove-^ reign, it was supposed that there was nothing desperate to which he would not have resorted, rather than sink to a private fortune, and accept life from his victors. But from an honourable death in battle he was precluded ; for what army would have accompanied him to certain defeat ? and to the other resource, suicide, his mind was not made up. Whether religion, rea- son, or pusillanimity withheld his ' hand, must be judged of by those who possess means of looking with- in him to which we do not pre- tend { nor will we venture to pro- nounce what would hare been the KUOSt 84] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. most heroical exit from bis high part in the political drama. He was no real hero, and it is a ques- tion of little importance what con* dnct is most suited to the coun- terfeit of that character. Against any danger to his life, he was prb- tected by the honourable behaviour of Marshal Marmont Prince Schwartzenberg having on April yd, sent a letter inviting him to accede to the decree of the senate, liy which Napoleoo was declared to have forfeited the throne, and to pass with his corps under the new government, the marshal in reply expressed his willingness to contribute to the interests of Fkance ; but required as prelimi- nary conditions^ that all troops quitting the standard of Napoleon should have leave to pass freely mto Normandv; and that« if events should place his person in the hands of the allies, the Prince ahould guarantee his life and aafety, and he should be sent to a country chosen by the allied powers and the French govern- ment These terms were agreed to I and the emperor of Russia proposed to Napoleon in the name of the allies, that he should choose a place of retreat for himself and his family. His choice fell upon the island of £lba^ on the coast of Z\iscany. A treaty between the allied powers and Buonaparte was signed inism had been tried and found unsuitable to the genius of the nation ; and nO other settlement than a resioration of hereditary royalnr could have united so many suffrages } but it was happy for the tranquillity of France, that the determination was instant, and by the highest authority. Several succeeding days were distinguished by the accession of different French marshals, and of various public bodies, to the new order of things. On April 13th, the iuteresting circumstance took place at Paris of the entry of Mon- sieur, the king*s bi-other, into tbe capital. The allied sovereigns, who very prudently had hitherto avoided all appearance of inter- fering in the domestic concerns of the French, thought it expedient, that this solemnity should be purely national, and therefore neither attended it in person, nor permitted their troops to join the train 5 terd Castlereagh, however, with the whole of the English mission, conceived it a compliment due to a family which had so long resided in this country, to appear in the procession. His Royal Highness was met at the barrier by the members of the provisional government, tbe muniopal autho- rities, and the ministerial officers, and entering amidst a group of marshals of France, and great offi^ eersi proceeded in grand ceremony to aoj ANNUAL REGISTER, 1«U. to the diorch of Notre Dnme^ to return thank- for the luip(>y change in afhiirs. He was welcomed, ac- cording t«) iht* duthorisod account, with the mi»st loyal acclamations, and received a owigratulatory ad dres« from the muoicipal body of Paris presented by the prefect of the department of the Seine. But before we proceed farther in rs- cording the e« entt of France, pa« cified and renovated, it is proper to wind up the narrative of its warlike transactions, unhappily not yet brought t(» a conclu«ioo. Lord Wellington, under ibe date of March 26th, communicated the intelligence of the retreat of the French, after 1 he aflfair nrar Tarbes, with anch celerity, that they ar- rived at Toulouse on the 24th, offering no other c>pportunity of action to their pursuers, except one attack of cavalry upon their rv:ar-guard, in uhich they sus- tained Slime lost. The approach of the combined army on the 28th, caused the French to withdraw into the city of Toulouse, aud the swoln state of the Garonne from rain and melted sno^r, would not permit Lord Wellington for some days to throw a bridge over it, below the town. It wag not till April 8th, that be was enabled to move any part of his army across the river, at which time, no in- formation bad reached either army of the great events that bad taken place io P^ris. The defences of Toulouse, which on three sides is surrounded by the canal of Lan- guedoc and the Garonne, con- sisted chietly in a fortified suburb, x)D the left of that river, forming a good tetc de poot, works at each bridge of the canal « and strong redoubts on a height between the OMisil and the river En* Of these positioai every advantage hd made by the diligence of c Soult; and the road^ fro Ariege 10 Toulouse being ii tic^ble for cavalry and artil became necessary at all has make the approaches on thi tei . Tbe &h and 9th were cxxopied in preparatory menis; and oa the morninf loth, a general attack m^g. the particulars of which be rendered intelligible »it plan. The result was, th^it day spent in sanguinary c at various points, at its ch allied troops were esiabtisl three side» of Toulou^, a light cavalry was dispatcl cut off the comrounicauon only road for carriages, wh mained to the eneni> . Ai mchts were making for a : advance ; but on the night nth, the French retired ! three generals and 1600 m soners. This success was 1 tained without a loss to the of the three nations of aU killed, and 4,000 wounded. Wellington entered loulo the following morning, wl was received with general mat ions, and the town hois white flag. It was not t evening of that day, that hi ship received from Paris gence of the events whi^ occurred in that capital > 7th. Jt was brought b Cookcy who was accompai a French officer, directed provisional government to. tbe same information to a Souk and Suchcc. The did not at first consider it t authentic as to induce him bis submission to the new j menti but proposed to Loi GENERAL HISTORY. [27 hafiSb a lOfpeotioD of boftilUlet, iordbe parpote of civing him time l»isoertiiii tfao roal rtate of affairs. lb this, bit lofdthip refofled his amenU ^od marched bis troops tevard, on the i5tb and 17th, to .Cntalnaiidarj ; 10 the meantime !ba coDcladed a suspension with the commapdanr at Montaaban. Od the i6tb anoCber o|ficer ar- fifiog from Fvis was forwarded to Soak, who, OD the following d»y, gite information of bis having .acknowkdged the prorisional go- fcmfflcot of France. Lord W. in oonaeqtieoce authorized an English tund a Spanish general to «rui§e with the French general .GaaaOp a convention for a suspen- .fioo of hostilities between the dKad armies under his command. ni those under nuurshals Soult aadSocbet. This was not the only uuneces- mry bloodshed, which the delay of intelligence for a few days oc- .caiioned. Early on the morning .of April I4tb, a sortie in force was made from the French camp b firoDt of the citadel of Bayonne, apoQ the position of the allies at St. Etienne, opposite the citadel, chiefiy on its left and centre. At the bq|inning of the attack. Major- gen. Hay, tlK commanding officer .of the oDt-posts for tbe day, was .killed, and the assailants gained temporary possession of St. £ti- cnne. They also drove in the pioqneCa of the centre, where major-g^. Stopford was wounded. On the right, lieut gen. Hope bringing op soma troc^ to sup- port the pfcquets, came suddenly m the dark upon a party of the eneniy, when his horse was shot under bim, and himself wounded ipd taken prisoner. After a time. all the lost ground was icooverad, and the picquets were reesta- blished in their former posts, but a serious loss was incurred, both of officers and men. These ac- tions, boa'ever, were the conclu- sion of a war now without an object. On April a^d, Monsieur ratified, with the allied powers, a convention for the suspension of all hostilities. In the preamble it is said, that " the allied powers, united in the determination to put a period to the calamities of Europe, and to found its repose on a just distri- bution of power, among the states which compose it ; wishing to give France, replaced under a government whose principles offer the necessary securities for the maintenance of peace, proofs of their desire to resume amicable re- lations with her; wishing also to cause France to enjoy -as much as possible, the benefits of peace, even before aU the terms thereof have been settled, have resolved to proceed conjointly with his Royal Highness Monsieur,*' &c. Of the articles, the first declares, that all hostilities by land and sea are suspended between the Allied Power* and France, as soon as the French generals and commanders shall have made known to those opposed to them, that they have acknowledged the authority of the lieutenant-general of the kingdom. By the second, the Allies agreed to cause their armies to evacuate the French territory, such as it was on Jan. i, 179a, in proportion as the places beyond those limits, still occupied by French troops, should be evacuated and given up to the allies. The blockade of fortresses in France by the allied armies. 88] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. W88 Immediately to be raised ; and the French troops forming part of the army of Itidy, or occu- P3ring its strong places, or those on the Mediterranean, were to be recalled. Blockades by sea were also to be raised^ and liberty to be given to the French fisheries and coasting trade. All prisoners on both sides were to be sent back without ransom. There were other articles relative to time and matters of regulation which need not here be specified. We now return to a review of aome of the more important trans- actions which took place at Paris. On April 14th, Monsieur received the senate and the legislative body, the former bdng presented to him by its president, the prince of j^e- nevento. The senate passed a decree conveying the provisional government to Monsieur, nnder the title of Lieutenant-general of the kingdom, *' until Loois Stanis- laus Xavier of France, called to the throne of the French, has accepted the Constitutional Char- ter." It is worthy of observation, how carefully this body in its language avoids any rect>gnition of indefrasable hereditary right, and inculcates the ideas of election, or contract. When the decree was presented to Monsieur, he made a reply, in which he said, ** I have taken cognizance of the Consti- tutional Charter, which recalls to the throntt of France, the king my august brother. I have not received from him the power to accept the constitution; but I know his sentiments and princi pies, and I do not fear being dis- avowed, when I assure yon in his name, that he will admit the bases of it,** He afterwards nominated nine persons to be the pro council of state, the pri; Benevento standing fint marshals Moncey and C were of tlie number. Tb of Bern, son of Monsieur his entrance into Paris, on tl escorted by a detachment oi guards, and with a man France on each hand, h welcomed by the acclamat the public. On the a2d^ sienr issued a decree, by v\ which an extraordinary o sinner of the king was d to each of the military divii the kingdom, for the pur] disseminating an exact koo of the events, which hai duced the restoration of U timate sovereigns of Prtti insuring the execution of acts of the provisional | ment; of taking therequisii snres for facilitating the et( roent of the government) collecting information rda all branches of the public i They were invested with to command the assistance the civil and military authc to suspend those whose c had b«;n faulty, and appoh visional successors $ to set berty all persons under at arrests ; to put a stop to all cut ions and punishments, quent upon military oonsa and to suspend all requii levies, worki, &c, ordered late government oo account war. On April 20th, Buon whose departure had been d by various causes, left F( bieau for the island of Though his fall from the 1 rank of sovereignty, and tl GENERAL HISTORY, [«9 po#er of widding tbe tint toeptre m Sutope, to the station of lord off petty island, was one of the fTBitest that history records, yet the alleTiacioiis by which it was attended might in sonae degrre ibtter his pride, and support his ideas of self<*oQnsequeoce. The drcQinataoces of the parting scene KTi thus described in a French psper. To the officers and sabal- t^m of the old guard, who were •till with him, he spoke in nearly the fioUowing words : " I bid you farewell. Doring the twenty years that we have acted together, I hare been satisfied with yon: I iMfe alwaya firand you in the path Cif gloiy. All the powers of £a- fspe hsre armed against me: a part of my generals have betrayed thAT duty : France itself has be- trayed it. With your ass'istance, and that of the brave men who remained faithful to me, I have fat three years preserved France from civij war. . Be faithful to ^ new king whom France has chosen ; be obedient to your corn- Banders j and do not abandon yoor dear country which too long has sufiered. Pitv not my fate : £ shall be happy when I know that you are . so likewise. I might have died: nothing would have been easier to me : but I still wish to pursue the path of glory. What we have done I will write. I cannot embrace you all ; but I will embrace your genera). Come, grnexal. Let tbe eagle be brought to me, that 1 may also embrace it. Ah, dear £agle ! may the kisses which I bestow on you re- iound to posterity! Adieu, my children 1 Adieu, my brave com- panions ! Once more encompass me.'* The staff, accompanied by the commissioners of the four al- lied powers, formed a circle round him, and Buonaparte got into his carriage, manifestly affected with the scene, and dropping some tears. He was followed by four- teen carriages, and his escort em- pl<^ed sixty po^t-horses• The four commssioners accompanied him, and four officers of his house- hold were pat t of his suite. Few of the military attended bira. Thus France was quitted by its late ruler, it may be hoped, never to return. A verj different scene was soon after witnessed by tbe shores of £ngland. Lewis XVIII, who had first be«n received as a sovereign, with the greate:>t respect and cor- diality, in the British capital, (See the Chronicle,) proceeded to Pover, the place of embarkation for his kingdom, attended by the Prince Regent, and a company of persons of rank, £nglish and French. From that port he sailed on April 34th, in the Royal So- vereign yatch, convoyed by the Duke of Clarence in the Jason flag ship, and in the view of ain immense concourxe of applauding spectators ; and after a passage of three hours, anchored in Calais roads. He was welcomed in that town with all the demonstrations of loyal affection, and by slow stages took his journey towards his capital, where vast preparations were making for his reception; and with this noemorable event we close tbe present chapter. CHAP. SO] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. CttAPTER Ilf. ttoIland,^~jMode qfreftrnng the new Constitutional code h the decision of t)u nation. — Its acceptance^ and the oath taken hy the Prince So" vercign.^-^ppointments madt hy him, -^Catholic Netherlands ''^C at" not's condvct at Aniwerp. — Military operatumt in Italy. '^Armistice. —Occupation of Genoa iv the forces under Lord W, Btntinck."^ Affairs of Spain. — Treaty lettveen Napoleon and Ferdinand, — Trans^ actions of Cartes, — Reyna, — French garrisons surrendered. — Arrival of Ferdinand in Spain, — TAe Pofe returns to Italy. THE deposition of Buonaparte, and the restoration oif the BotirboDS, being the great crisis to which every other civil and mi- litary occurrence on the European continent was subordinate, we shall now bring up to that period, the evehts which had been taking place in other parts. In Holland, after the unfortu- nate failure at Bergen-op-Zoom^ no military operation of conse- quence was undertaken, both par- ties pl'obably waiting for the issue of the grand contest in France. A civil transaction of the greatest importance, however; rendered memorable the close of March. Jt is previously to be mentioned^ that on the 3rd of that month, there was issued by the Prince of Orange, a public paper giving an account of the measures he had adopted, for obtaining the senti- ments of the inhabitants of the Netherlands respecting the consti- tutional code which had been drawn up pursuant to his direc- tions. *' We (said he) after a careful examination have given it 9ur approbation ; but this does not satlsf)' our heart. It respects the concerns of -the whole flcther-' lands; and the whole Dutch people must be recognised in this import- ant work" Thinking it right therefore that the code should be submitted for maturer considera- tion, to a numerous assembly of the principal and best qualified persons in the countrj^ he states that he has appointed a special commission, who are to cboosei, out of a numerous list given in to him, six hundred p^ersons in due proportion to the population of the now existing departments^ who are to assemble at Amster- dam, on the a8th inst. each per- son having received, with his letter of convocation, a plan of the constitution, on which they are to decide. In order to ascer- tain that the persons thus chosen are possessed of the general con- fidence, a list of those nominated for each department is to be made public, and all the inhabitants of the same, being h(>usekeepers, shall have an opportunity, by sign- ing their names without any addi- tion, in a register lying open for that purpose for eight days, to testify their disapprobation of such persons GENERAL HISTORY. [31 penons as %hej ma^r derm nn- quaJi^ed. W'faeo, from the sum- ming op of the registers^ it shall appear tb:it ibe majority are m- tislird with tbr persons thus sob* mlttrd to iheir election, they shall be regarded as the representatives of the whole Dutch peap)e. On the day appointed for the meeting if these notables or lead- ing roen^ the memlierg repaired to the New Church at Amsterdam^ where his Royal Highness the Fricce of Orange, accompanied by his t^ix) sons, arriving at half past eleven, cpened the business with a speech. After a congratulatory introdnciinn, relative to the happy change u hich had restored him to his cutmtr}', he reminded the as- sembly tliat he had said, upon the declaration of the majority of the nation, that th'y deposited the rights of sover^snty in his hands, that be assuni^ them upon one condition, which was that of a constitutional code, analogous to the wnnts of Holhnd, and the present state of £urope, and ni^hich shonld amply provide for freedom of person, security of property, and all the civil rights which dis- tinguish a people really free. A committee of men whose pa- trioti^m and intelligence were above suspicion, had drawn op the plan of that constitution, the bases of which would be communicated to them ; and M Ite did not wish this to be • mere idle cerenkon^, he recommended the subject to their most serious consideration. Mr. Van Maanen, fin»t president of the high court of justice cff the Unitrd Netherlands, then ad- dressed the assembly, and explained succinctly the principles of the coostitutioit. His Royal High- ness next delivered the plan of' the constitution to the prcsidex^t, and returned to bis palace amidst the acclamations of the people 5 and about two in the afternoon, a general discharge of artillery an- nounced the acceptance of the constitution. The majority in ill favour is said to have been 458 to 25. Oti the following day hit Royal Highness took the oath to the constitutioti, and on that oc-^ casion again addressed the assem* bly. He observed, that exactly four months had elapsed since hia^ return to the Netherlands, during" which period the progress made in the restoration of the state^ had much surpassed all that cotild have been expected. Foreign powers had not only by words; but by deeds, manifested theic sa- tisfaction at the recovery of inde- pendence by the Netherlands, and the conferring of the sovereignty upon his home. The most im- portant of their foreign relations, that with the generous British nation, would soon acquire a new degree of intimacy by the mar- riage of his eldest son. The de- VDtion of the country 10 the good cause had enabled him, iiotwith* standing the exhaustion of its finances, to raise more than 35,000 troops^ for the most part well armed and equipped; whilst its unanimity had been displayed by the prompt organization of the • militia, the levy in mass, the national guards, and now by the acceptance of the constitution. He concluded with promising to apply himself to the immediate enforcement of that constitution, and carrying into elFect all the re- quisite arrangements. On Apxil 6th, the Prince Sove- reign 32] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. reigo issued his Letters Patent for the appointmeots which were placed under his authority, by the coDStitutioD. They consisted in governors of all the provinces, in the members and counsellors of the council of state, in the mem- bers of the assembly of the States General for the different pro- vinces, in the ministers of state fi>r the civil and military depart- ments, and the members of the ooQndl of commerce and colonies. The superior direction of the war department in all its branches was conferred up«>n the Hereditary Frince, as general in chief. All the powers of the nation being thus vested in persons nominated by the head of the new govern- ment, the public tranquillity was •effectually secured, which, indeed, there appeared no disposition in the people to disturb. The Catholic Netherlands, or Belgium, had in the meantime been filling with 'allied troops, and the French earrisons had been gradually withdrawn from the more remote stations. They had made some movements for the purposes of contribution or depre- dation, and Bruges and Ghent had for some time been in their hands ; but at length, on intelligence of the events at Paris, the garrison of fiergen-op-Zoom mounted the white cockade, and threw open its gates ; and general Maison re- ceived orders from the new French minister at war to cease all hosti- lities, and regard the allies as friends. The Crown-prince of Sweden having written to general Camot, governor of Antwerp, ac- quainting him with the deposition of Napoleon, and proposing to him to surrender his fortress, and join the allied troops, that distior guished person, who can only be paralleled by the republican offi* cers who served under Cromwell, returned for answer ; that he com- manded at Antwerp, in the name of the French government, which alone had a right to fix the dura- tion of his office, and the ordera of which he should obey whea iocontestably established on its new base. On April i8th be published a proclamation to his soldiers, informing them that the wishes of the nation being fully declared in &vour of the restora- tion of the Bourbons, it became their duty to acknowledge them i and he concluded by an oath in hia name, and those of the other commanders, to defend Antwerp to the last extremity in the nan^ of Louis XVIII. The Dutch admiral Verbnely also, as late as April i6th, had de- ferred his surrender of the Texel ^ but a negotiation was gdng. on with him, and in the mean time, he had declared that he would allow a free passage to all trading vessels. The war in Italy was still vi- gorously maintained by the vice- roy Beauharnois, who had to make head against the Austrian general, and the king of Naples now in oo-openition with him. The French general of division, Gre- Aier, having marched from Reggio l^ Guastalla, to make a junction with the viceroy, the king of Naples, on March 5th, after re- inforcing the Austrian advanced guard, caused an attack to be made on the division of Seveioli, in which he drove it back with considerable loss under the walla of Keggio; and on the 7 th, his movements GE^JiERAL HISTORY. [3S CnoKcnents threatening to cut off the enemy's retreat on Parraa, tbcy evacnated Reggio, and re- treated behind the Enza. On March 9th, an English fieet of 45 trafMpcjTts convoyed by two shipk of the line, and some frigatrs, ^hicb sailed firom Palermo, en- tered the port of Leghorn, and diaeinbarked a bodv of 8,000 men. Lord Bent i nek, who arrived from Naples, issued a proclamation to tlie Italians, in which be stated the purpose of Great Britain to be the e^t^ting of their deliverance from tyranny, and called upon them to nnite in the same cause. The events which had taken place of Paris, were still unknown on the right bank of the Po, near the middle of April. On the t 3th •f that month, the king of Na- ples forced the passage of the Taro, and pursued the enemy as far as Fireneoola. On thefollow- iDg day he renewed his attack, and threw a bridge oyer the Sacca, in ivhicb operation he was vigo- toasly opposed, but without pre- senting its execution. The Nea- politan army then advanced within a league of Placentia. Con- siderable loss was sustained on both sides in these actions, which^ Hke those at Toulouse, may be reckoned among the useless ex- pfmea of the war. All further mtlitary operations were closed by (be annistice, co'nduded on the i^b, between the viceroy and the eonunandcrs of the allied forces. By thifl convention, the French tfx»pf were to cross the Alps, and the Italian troops to continue to OQctspy all that portion of the kingdom of Italy, which had not yet beeo ponessed by the forces of tbe allies. The important city Vol. LVL of Genoa in the meantime htd been the object of the expedition from Sicily, under the command of lord W. Bentinck, of the sac- cess of which, detailed in the London gazette, the following is a summary. Afler the occupation of Spezia, his lordship, havin|^ been informed that there were only 2,000 troops in Genoa, de- termined to make a rapid advance upon that city, in order to gain possession of it, whilst yet in t defenceless state. On his arriv^ at Sestri, he found that the gdt- rison had been reinforced to be- tween 5 and 6,000 men j he how* ever determined to proceed, and the enemy was gradually dislodged from the strong intervening coun- try. On April i6th, dispositions were made for attacking the enemy, who hid taken a very strong po- sition before Genoa, extending from forts Richelieu and Tecia by the village of St. Martino to the sea, through a country thickljr covered with country houses, only communicating with each other by narrow lanes between high walls. The attack began at day- break on the 17th, and the Italian ^roops with the Calabrese and Greeks obtained possession of the two forts. l*he attacks on the enemy's right were made by Major-general Mantresor*s divi- sion, supported by that of Lieut.- gen. Macfarlanc. The defence was long maintained through ^• vour of the intersected nature of the ground, but at length the enemy was turned, and obliged to retire precipitately in^o the town* At noon the army took a position in firont of the most assailable part of the city, and on the same d^y sir Edw. Pellcw's squadron of [D] men 34] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. men of war anchored in front of ^^ervi. In the evening a deputa- tion of the inhabitants arrived with a request that his lordship would not bombard the town, and desiring a suspension of arms for a few days, as by the accounts from France it was probable that peace must soon follow. The reply was, that these were argu- ments to use with the French ge- ^ial| who ought to abandon a place which he could not drfend ; and on the next day, after several communications, a convention was signed, by which Genoa was to be evacuated by the French troops, and to be taken possession of by the combined English and Sicilian army, and three ships of war were to enter the harbour. The raaga- sioes and property of the French government were to be placed under the seals of the British go- vernment, and every thing be- longing to the French marine, to be delivered to the British navy. The losses on either side in mak- ing this acquisition were not con- iiderable. The military occurrences in Spain during this year have been of little importance. The greatest part of their country being freed fi-om their invaders by foreign aid, the Spaniards appear to have been content to wait for the course of decisive events to effect their total liberation, whilst the French were reduced to a merely defen- sive part, with forces continually diminishing by drains for service at home. The civil affairs of Spain will make a very interesting ^pter ; but at present, we shall confine ourselves to those which were previous to the resumption of monarchical goveromeat. On the 5 th of January, tbc Regency and Cortes removed to Madrid, where they were receive-d with all the solemnity due to the national representation and go- vernment. The Gortes com- menced its session on Jan. 15th, and on the 17th were waited upon by general Villacampa, go- vernor of Madrid^ accompanied by his staff. In a subsequent sitting they were informed by the Regency, that the emperor of Austria had sent an envoy with a note, in which he expressed a desire for the re-establishment of the ancient relations between the two countries. About the begin- ning of the year. Napoleon, sen- sible that Spain had been effec- tually rescued from his grasp, em- ployed his art to work upon his captive Ferdinand*s mind by a treaty, in which his restoration was covenanted on the condition of his procuring the evacuation of Spain by the English, with other articles favourable to the views of the French ruler. The treaty was in consequence signed, and sent to Spain by the hands of the duke de San Carlos, the Spanish pleni- potentiary, who brought two let- ters to the Regency, one from Ferdinand, the other from Napo- leon. The former they read J the latter was returned unopened. The Regency communicated the business to the Cortes at a secret sitting, which body expressed its entire satisfaction with what the other had done, and framed a decree which was publicly read at a sitting on the 30th. After a preamble expressing the de&ire of the Cortes to give a solemn tes- timony of good faith towards their 4dlie^ and peneverance against the GENERAL HISTORY. [33 the enemy, it confirms the decree of the extraordinary Cortes in i8i I, by which the king was not to be acknowledged as free, or obeyed, till be bad taken in the bosom oi' the national congress the ' oath prescribed by the consti- tation; it directs wbat is to be done by the generals en the fron- tiers upon intelligence of the king's approach, prohibiting the admission of any armed force witb blm, or of a single foreigner about his person ; and it specifies the ceremonial to be observed on pre- senting tbe constitution to the king, and receiving his oath on its acceptance. The reading of this decree was accompanied with the applause of the auditors. A conversation ensued, respecting the publication of documents for tbe information of the people, when a member named Senor Reyna rose, and announcing that he had a notion to make, began with say- ing, *' when our Sovereign Fer- dinand was bom, he was born with a right to the absolute so- rereignty of the Spnnish nation." He was immedizitely called to order by a number of voices ; but insisting on his liberty as a repre- sentative of the people to utter his sentiments, he proceeded to assert that it was indispensable that Ferdinand VII, as having by the abdication of Charles IV, acqnii^sd tbe right of being king and lord of his people, should be in the exercise of absolute sovereignty the moment be crossed the fron- tiers. The greatest indignation iras excited against the member by this unqualified declaration of the highest monarchical principles, both among the deputies and the aaditOTi in the gallery, and mo- tions were tumultuoissly made for calling him to account. At lengthy Reyna being ordered to leave the hall, after some further discussioOt the affair was voted to be referred to the consideration of a com* mittee. It is to be added, that the Regency communicated to tbe English ambassador an explicit account of all that had passed relative to the treaty, of the con- tents of Ferdinand's letter, and of their own conduct in consequence, than which nothing could be mare honourable and decided ; as on the other band it was manifest from the terms of the treaty, which were published, that Fer- dinand had entirely lent himself to the designs of Napoleon. Intelligence arrived at Madrid from the Baron d'Eroles, that the French garrisons of Lerida, Me* quiuenza, and Monzon, capitu- lated on Feb. i8th, remaining prisoners of war. It was after- wards announced that Gerona, Olot, and Puycerda were freed ; that tbe blockade of Barcelona was become more strict, the enemy, after having severely suf- fered in a sally, remaining quiet | and that the French were in pos- session of only three or four for- tresses in Catalonia, together with Peniscola and Murviedro. The state of affairs in France would now no longer permit the detention of Ferdinand. On March 24th, a message was sent by tht secretary of state to the Cortes, informing them of the receipt of a letter signed by king Ferdinand VII, acquainting the Regeocj wiih his intention of setting dot on the 13th, from Valenccy Uft Perpignan, and bis anxiety to arrive speedily in Spnln^ coming ID 3] »>7 86] ANKfJAL IJLEGIST^il, ?fil4. bjr title w^7 of (CataJboin. Tfcc lifif&r, ^ph AOiQlioQ^ was hrought to u^(^ Cojrtey and rjeiad. After acjmowled^ii^ the letter from the ^^eocy, apf cxprcssipg hi3 $a- tisraction witn the Datioo's wishes fer hii retarn, which w^ no lew \ii$ taking the oath to the constitution^ which was ap- proved. . At lengths on March 24th, Ferdinand arrived at Gerona, whenoe he sent eDmark was to join the allied arms with 10,000 men, on the condition of a subsidy from Eng- land of 400,000/.] that Pomerania was to be ceded to Denmark in liea of Norway -, that Stralsund was to continue a depot for British produce ; that Denmark was to do aU Id her power for the abolition of the slave trade ; and that Eng- land was to mediate between her and the other allies. The effect of these treaties as £ir as related to the co-operation of the Danish troops wii h the army of the Crown Prince of Sweden^ has been already noticed. But all difficulties with respect to these compacts were not over- ooooe by the acquiescence of the King of Denmark. The people of Norway are well known to possess a high and independent spirit ; and though thejhave long ceased to constitute a separate nation, and have been annexed to a monarchy which circumstances have render- ed nearly absolute, they have been aHe to preserve constitutional pri- ▼ik^^ which, oomlMned with their detached situatioo from the seat of government, have secured to them a considerable share of practical freedom. Jt was scarcely to be expected that such a people wonld readily submit to be transferred^ without asking their consent, to a new master ; rsprcially to the So- vereign of a country against which that national enmity had bfen )onf[ fostered, which usuallv exists be- tween bordering neighbours. This dislike too, had recently been ag- gravated by the severe policy of Sweden, in intercepting all supplies of provision to Norway afrer a year of scarcity, the consequence oif which is said to have been the death of 5000 persons, in the dio- cese of Dronthcim, of famine and disease. Their governor at this juncture was Christian Frederic, hereditary Prince of Denmark, and Duke of Schleswig Holstein, k Prince apparently of an active and enterprizing character. On Janrl iB, an officer having arrived witii the ratification of the treaty con- cluded between Sweden and Ben- mark, the Prince repaired to the country seat of the Chamberlain^ Mr. Carst?n Anker, near Christ tiana.and on the 28th he assembled the most considerable persons, ci- vil, military, and ecclesiastical, to- gether with the merchants and de- puties who were met to regulate the affairs of the national bank. After laying before them the treaty^ he asked if it was their opinion that the people of Norway were disposed to assert their ancient in* dependence against the claims of Sweden. Their answer was, una- nimously, in the affirmative; and they earnestly besought the Prince to remain at the head of the Go^ vernment, resolving, at the same time, to effect his nomination to the title of Prince Regent of Norway. The Prince, who doubtless had al- ready settled his plans, immediate- 40] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. If proceeded Co the frooticn, faatnl dirge pIsTicg the wbiic^ Ifaeoce to Eora^is, and finalij across and ihit Norwegian Gafeon wer« the moaotalos to Drootbeim. He hot&ird amidst b>od acciainatioDft. Vli evcrjr wberr met bj the peo- A cococih of state, consisting of fie from the hills and Tallies, i^ scTcntrra per^oos, «» as appointed, cyowds, acconopanird bj their and the Prioce isso«^ proclama- wives and children, who exclaimed, tiocs 'o tfaepropleuf Norway, to '* We will conquer or die for old the bishops, the civil officm, the Norway's fxccdnm,'* adding, io army .iod naTj. a circular letter to tbeir plain anJ affectionate nxxic the clergy, and an ad'irr^s. in the ofaddrMs, " ThoQ shall not leave French laxigua^cr, to all bUirope. Of.*' On arriving ai Oolbrandsibal, In his pp^^iamation to ihr people^ • pass, lainoo« for the extermina- alter a'ivenrng in indignant terms tioDot a band of Swedish invaders to the t'orcrd cession ot tbeir coon- br the RKjuntaineer^i, thr Prince ipr, he callevi upon ihem to eughiecl at the marble pillar com- sert their xndepeo«*ence, promi&* inemorating the event, and having ing to stay amoog litem an4 lead aloud the inscription in the hold the rei:is till an assembly of words of an old ballad, " Woe to the most rnlij;btcnrd men of the every Norw^gtao whose blood dors nation shoold h'lvc forn^ied a wise not boil in bis veins at the view of constitution, on whom it should tbis monument !** he a'kked the sur- depei.d whether he uas to coa- 90aodingpeasants,ifthry were will- tinue in the trust now repoeed m ictg to imitate this noble exair.ple? him. The- subject ot another pro- aod wa^ answered by a thousand clamaiioo was, the abolition of consenting shouts. Entering Dron- privateeiing, and the relatioa tbcim, he alighted at the house of «hich was to subsist between Nor-* General Von Krogb, where the way and other n;itioas. Its pre* principal citizens were assembled amblf acknowledged as a particu* at a solemn entertainment. The lar benefit cun fibred upon Nor wajr Teoerable host, 80 years of age, by the Kin^ of Denmark, beware WU unable, through infirmiiy, to he absolved the nation fom its jjpin the company -, but be caused oath of allegiaiice, that he had himself to be ltd in at the close of given it peace with Great Britaiiu the entertainment, and amidst uni- It proceeded to declare Norway at irersal acclamations, drank the peace with all Powers, except that bealth of Christian, as Regent, which should violate its indepeo* He Prince^ after a stay of four dence, or attack its frontiers v aod days at Drontheimjt returned to to proclaim free access to all itg Cbristiaoia. Qn the following ports to the ships of all nadons, day all the bells of the city were with the permission of importing itttDgy and the cannon were fired, every kind of merchandize hjt ibe town guards and troops pa- such vessels as should bring twiQ raded the streets, and the Prince thirds of their cargoes in grain oc lepaired to the principal church, other provisions^ where he took an oath as Regent On Feb. 24th, the Swjediih ^ Norway. On Feb. i9tb the Comity Axel fio^n. appeared, at Dftniah fk$ was taken dowji* a ChriatianiaA conunifiNoned to pni in QENHRAL HISTORY. 141 in eutmkkxit tbe tretlj of yeancm hetwten Denmark aod Sweden. He wasintroduced to Prinee Cbris- tkc» ID presence of the chief offi- een of t^taCe^ when he exhilMtrd iua powers as {denipotentiarjr, and 9a bearer of the proclamation of the King of Sweden to the people of Norway. The Prtnce said, that in the preaeot state of affairs be coolcl not receive the proelamatioB, and that in lieu of all other axMwert be most coaanuinicate the declft- ralion wluch he had made in the faoe of aU Europe* by which Nor- way asaerted its independence. Having rfad this^r Coiuit Rosen obeenrrd, that ofber snch an unea- peded dedaration, nothing remain- ed for bim but to feiurn immedi- atdji.- A conversation ensued between the Prince and the Count, ta which the latter waved all dia. ctiwinn n( the points at ieue be- tween the netiQn8> and finally led tbe aadiene&-room. The Primre afterwarda wrote a letter to tbe ^ng of Sweden, enclosing his declaration, and seating the motives ef bis conduct. Tbe prodamedon of tbe Knag of Sweden to the Nerwegiana above aUoded to, contained an engage>- oiBiit of leaving to the nation the fewer of establishing a constitu- tioa en tbe basis of national re- psesentation» and the sight of tax- Wg itself, and affirmed his detemai^ aatioB not to amalgamate the &- iMooes of tbe two countries. : Tbe King of Denmark, probably •oaseioQs oif lying under the sui« pidoD of having fccwtly fimientod ibii spirit of resistaace to a com- folsoij treiay, addressed a letter t» tbe flDtfigistratea> and people, deled Apfilijtbf i& wbieh he ex«^ disivewa^ ^heur caesive^ psesscd bis dispteasnce wkfa what bad been done by PrinceChristian, and his resololion to acknawledjgii no other authority in Norway CbtfH that Qf the King ofiiweden, forbad^ ah the officers noaMnatrd by hint to accept ov retain any tm^pthf* ment in it dnring its present state f and recalled all those who wtfra natives of Denmark, under pain ^ forfeiting their rights as DanidI cttiaens. Th;3t hopes bad been entertain* ed by the Norwegians of the coq*4 tenance of England, the countiy fondly lookedup to on the concineel of Europe as the general pat ran af public liberty, is manifrst from tbtf clause in the proclamation of Prin^H Christian, above quoted ; and aftett the meeting of a Diet of the kingi* dom convoked by him, Mr. Ankei^ wss deputed to England with iiw structlonsto procure, if possil^ the accession of Great firitain ta the independence of Norway. He was admitted to a conference with Lord Liverpool, in which that ndw nister stated to bim the sitiiatioijr and determination of the British Government, and in consrquenca, Mr. Anker was desired to retuftf to Norway. The part taken by this Court was afterwards opemf declared in a notification made os April 29th, by command of tbfl Prince Regent, to tbe Ministers of firiendly Powers in London, that necessary measuiK's had been taketf for a blockade of ttie ports of Nor«« way by the British navy. The ad« ministration was doubtless of opi- nion, that Great Britain havingf been a pany in a treaty by which the cession of Norway to Swedte' was stipulated, it wa« incumbent upon her to make use of her povvar \a boHig tUaocssien to effeet. DifieHeot 42] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. and its determination to act op to Ihem with sincerity and vigour. A final eflbrt a^ pacification was made by the Allied Poweri^ of which a particular relation wat given in a set of State Papers pub* lisbcd by Chri<(ian Frederick, in quality of King of Norway, undeir the date of July 26th. it begins with staling, that on the 30th of June there arrived at Christiania the following envoys: Baron de Steigenstesch, for Austria ; Major* General Orloflf, for Russia; Aa- gustus J. Forster, for England; and Major Baron de Martens, for Prussia; who, on July 7, present- ed a note to bis Majesty (by them addressed to Prince Christian Pre- derick of Denmark), which fal- lows. In this paper he is formally summoned to return within the line of his duties, on refusal of which be will have to contend with forces which he cannot resist; he is informed of the orders of the Kinn; of Denmark, whose first subject he is, to this purpose : he is told that the subscribers do not come as mediators between Norway and Sweden, but rather as heraldsof arms, charged with the execution of the treaty of Kiel ; that, how- ever, the character of the Prince of the Norwegian nation has induced them to enter into modification! which are not within the literal meaning of their instructions, but which they have adopted from the wish of furnishing his Highneat with the most honourable meant of descending from the elevation to which circunnstances have no* fortunately raised him. As Prince Christian had positively declared that he could only replace in the hands of the diet the rights he had received from the nation, the con- vocation parties in the mean time, as might be expected, wece making their appearance in Nor- way. »Some -persons, dreading the approaching conflict, were inclined to submission to Sweden. Others entertained the idea of setting up a republican form of government. The majority were attached to the cause of nation If acceded, but the conditions they menlioned were all succes- sively rejected. Tbey finally offer ao armistice upon the following basis : I . A solemn engagement from his Highness to resign into the hands of the representatives of the natioQ all the rights he receiv- from them, and to use his influ- ence to induce them to consent to the uoion. 2. That the country between the Glomnien and the Swedish frontier, the isles of Wal- cboren, and the fortresses of i*'re- derickstadt, Frederickshall, Frede- ricksein^ and Kongswinger, shall be evacuated by the Norwegian troo{M } the country to be declared oeutral, and the fortresses to be oc- copicd by Swedish troops. 3. After the occupation of the fortresses,, the blockade of Norway to be nised in respect to the ports of Christiania, Christ iansand, and Bei^en, during the period of the truce. To this ultimatum tbey re- qinre a categorical answer, and they declare, that whatever it may he, tbey shall consider their nego- tiations as terminated. In his answer to this note. Christian begins with stating his reasons for accepting the crown offered him, and hoping for the independence of Norway; hot since the great powers of Europe have determined other- wise, he is persuaded that the safety of the country requires that thej should submit to the law of the strongest, and he is ready to make the sacrifice demanded from him. Hq acknowledges it to be his duly to make known to the nation the dangers with which it b surrounded, and to represent thd advantages to be derived from an union with Sweden ; but should a brave, though useless resistance be its dt-termination, he will re- main faithful to his engagements, and never separate bis fate froni the nation's With respect to the second basis, he accedes to the evacuation of the country, isles; and fortresses specified, with the exception of Kongswinger, which, being on the north of the Glom* men, he thinks ought to be left to theNorv^egians. But ^ith regard to the occupation of the fortresses by Swedish troops, he represents to them that the inevitable conse- quence would be a general rising of the people, and in that case he must prefer war against the enemy to the civil war which he must in- cur by outraging the constitution in the eyes of the nation. As to the third basis, he observes, that the raising of the blockade of Nor- way, which is an indispensable condition of the truce, must be ex- tended to all the ports on the coast, if it is to be wished that it should be regarded as a real benefit. On these several points he further re- fers to his letter to the King of Sweden, which is subjoined. In a note to the Envoys of the Allied Powers, Christian desires from them the guaranty of the bases of union which the King of Sweden may accept, as well as of the armistice in all its points. Their answer expresses disappointment that not one of the three bases of an armiiitice has been fully accept- ted; and afiBrms, that they are com- pelled to rest their hopes of the success of their negotiation upon the generosity of the King of Swe- den. 44] ANNUAL AEGlSTElfc, ttu, den. With respect m rt«6 gG«- |iV« a ^rtinttry of enmark ceded tb Sweden hii The Bnvoys had their audience of fights over Norway. He il^ leave oh the 1 7th, and returned to- ^fes all thi^ adv^tifage^ whiiifr Jby wards Sweden. Christian departi^; erued to Denrnafk fh)rit tftMf on the 2 1 St to Moss, whence he treaty, and the merits of S#6dieir was to repair to head- quarters, in havitig Withstood <' the idol 6f His letter to the King of Sweden the day.*' Proceeding to vaate df^ vas afterwards returned unopened, rect reasoning, h6 iH^rfM tbtf The return of the £nvoys was Norwegians, that sm^H ^atea ar^ generally considered as a signal for ^ways moved by the more powef^ var, and the course of exchange fuU that they themtielvet are aii^ ^t Copenhagen accordingly suf- 3ble to form an insulated govenl>-» fered a considerable depression, ment; aud that theptHrposeof the Denmark, indeed, was placed in a man who misleads tbeitt- is tb- tt^ very uneasy situation by the events Onite the crown of Norway to tbiftf in Norway. Though their king of Denmark. H^ dwelliB upon tl^ had done every thing in his power mutual advantages that 8wed^ to. demonstrate that he had no con- and Norway will derive fWMa thei)^ oem in the proceedings of the Nor- union, and ass^s that such' a tMa^* wegians, it wa> thought proper by sure had been the intention of the Allies to keep him closely the great Gustavus. HeSpeaHwof watched, and for that purpose a the briave army which he is ktf^. body of Russian troops had pene- hig back from a campaign as^gltt^ trated into Holstein^ where they rious as it is astonishing, and of were to be Joined by a corps of their desire to be received' rather Prussians. The Crown Prince of as brothers than as euemief. Her Sweden in the mean time was ex- affirms that Sweden wilF not ky tremely active in his military pie- down her arms* till she ha> aceomy parations \ and, m a proclamation plished an union necessary tb Ibet to his soldiers, dated Winnesberg, safety and repose, and cofljvftttir July 17, he tells and repeats to them to avoid the calamities of Wa¥ them, " there is no rest for us till by accepting the oiler of itid^p^w the union and independence of the dence, liberty, and the guafaittf Scandinavian peninsula are obtain- of all their piivilegies: Stlch'WIrtf ed by the annexation o^ Norway the general strain of this solffiar-' to Sweden." He, as well as the like piece of eloquence, in whlfeft> King ofbwedcn» made trial of ibeir ^' the argument he summ*d op all powers of persuasion upon the in,'* that of superior fbroe, walf Norwegians before they employed obviously the only one calculfltoci foroe^ and it may be interestiug to to oper^ttt upon the Ibeli^:^ of « people OENEftAL HISTORY. lAi pfopk prbp wesm infpir^d «^ttk (jugli iNHii9nf of tketr natioiuil fij^H. JU^cprfjiQgJf k &ilcd, like 40 otker «ddFeiaet oif the kiod* and tiie i/i4l 0ppc«ii was o)$da to ihit s9ofd. Tbc ^rar began wkh a nayal ac- tMPi« The Norw^ians had jta- lifiDed 0 flotilla sear that the caoooo of the batteries for fke BMMl part were throwo ibCo Ike aesi fl*d, wben day approaeb- oi, be was sees 10 full natreat to Fiadrridr^iadt This success was o^ised bf the Swedes without tbe Ipsa of a man. On the ayth ihi? CfpwB Prioce poi fairaself in awcb with bis whole army for Jimwmy. The King of Sweden, liho k94 fonnarly been a naval •Qoiaisnder, chose to take a per- HBfl part in this eapeditioo* by pi9g 00 board the Gteat Xjustavus at Suoqnaiad. Oo July 30 the sa- aofwl 8wed*fii par]^ iTarmie, near 9e«iQ90 atf9iig, aroused the frontier wHk iwfy little nesataooe, andoc« copied wo «dyanoed posts; and, ap^be aaoaedaf , the Crowa Prince^ wWi the Didce of JSudej-mania, nade a mfonnoiaance into Noti- Wf ftm\ his head-quartars at SMMDsiad. It would .he iiti|nteresting .to gire a narrative of all the incidenar 9f this miniature campaign, which Wi>uld not be understood without better maps than are usually met with of the south -eastern part of Norway; and we shall confine ourselves to a notice of the more important traossciions. Major* Gtrneral Gahn, who, on July 31, had entered Norway, makiofl^ an aii attempt on August ad to feM'ce a strong position, was driven back with some loss ; and on the fol- lowing day found the eneniy^ who had taken a circuitous route, in his rfiar, with a superior force. An obstinate and sanguinary action aoaued, in which the Swedes made good their retreat with the loss of a gun, 20 baggage waggons, and a coniiderable zuimber ci men killed, woundavly aiui prisoners. Admual Pike having on the 2d of August received orders from the Crown Prince to attack Kragpero, three bodies of troops were landed upon the island, supported by gan^ boats and armed vessels. The Nor- wegians retreated, and a battery surrendered after a cannonade. Frederickstadt was summoned, and on refusal was attacked by the gun- boats and bomb-vessels. On tbe 4tb this fortress desired to capitu- late, and the conditions being set« tied, the Swedish troops entered it and Kongsteen in the evening. The garrison of J500 or 2000 men were not made prisoners of war, but having signified th^sir subniis- non to tlie iCing of Sweden^ were pern^tted to return home. Fre- derickstadt commands the passage of the dommen, and is regarded as the key of Christianict A bulletin, dated Aug. i j, frcka the Swedish head-quarters, men- tions other successes on their side, and 46] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. and tbat ih6j W^'re masters of the kfl bank of the Glomroea from lake Ogorn to Frederickstadt It charges the Danish officers with being the cause of keeping up the lioetility of the Norwegians, who^ nevertheless, are said to desert the army in numbers, and that the in- habitants of the towns and villages come in crowds to take the oath of all(*giancc. This unequal con- test wa^ now rapidly drawing to a conclusion. The next Swedish bulletin mentioned that Greneral Alderereutz had forced the strong position of the Norwegians at Isebro on the loth ; that on the iith the abandoned port and bat- teries of Slesvig had Inren taken possession of; and that General Vegesac had defeated, with great loss, the enemy I who had 6000 tncn and lo pieces of cannon. On the 1 2th preparations were made for passing the Glommen, and on tfa» next day the bombardment of Frederickstein was commenced. The passage of Kgolberg was forced after a brave resistance, and the Crown Prince made dispositions for sarrounding, with a very superior force, the army of Prince Chris- tian posted near Moss. Further resistance would now have been mere desperation and an useless sacrifice of lives. Christian made 'proposals, which the Crown Prince accepted. He resigned the go- Ternment^ and gave orders for the surrender of Frederickstein, that famous fortress of Frederickshall before which Charles XII. lost his life, just as orders were about to be given for planting the scaling lad- ders. A convention was signed on. Aagust 14th, at Moss, between the Crown Prince, in the name of the King of Sweden, and the Nor- wegian government^ of which the folbwing are the articles: z. Prince Christian shall, as soon as possible, convoke the States-general of Norway according to the mode prescribed by the existing consti- tution : 2. The King of Sweden shall communicate with the diet by bis commissioners: 3. The King promises to accept the con- stitution framed by the diet of £s- wold, with no other changes tbaa are necessary to the union of the two kingdoms, and will make no further alterations but in concert with the diet : 4. The promises of the King and Prince Royal to the Norwegians shall be strictly ful- filled : 5. Ihe diet shall assemble at Christiania : 6. Amnesty is de- clared for all past expression of opinions, and good treatment is promised to all Norwegian civil and militar)' functionaries : 7. The King of Sweden engages his good ofHces with the King of Denmark to obtain a revocation of all ordi- nances promulgated since January 14, 1 8 14, against the public func- tionaries and the kingdom of Nor- way. A convention was at the same time concluded between the Swedish and the Norwegian troops^ by which were declared a cessation of hostilities, and the raising of the blockade of the Norwegian ports, with various regulations as to the disbanding of the Norwe- gian national troops, four regolar regiments excepted, to the nnmbef of the Swedish troops to remain in the kingdom, the line of dem&r-' kation, &c. with a particular stipu- lation that, in order to secure the freedom of deliberation in the diet, no troops of either country shovild approach within three miles (Swe- dish) of the place of its Bitting. Tins GENERAL HISTORY. C4r lliis convention was ratified by the Danish and Swedish princes. Pnnce Christian, on Augusl i6th, ksaed a proclarnatibn to the Nor- wegians, in which he informed them of the steps which brought CO the war, of the circumstances attending the Swedish invasion, and of the events which had ren- dered necessary the acceptance of the conditions proposed in the ar- mistice and convention. He far- ther mentioned having, by a re- script, summoned an extraordinary diet to meet at Christiania on the 7th of October next j and con- cJoded with assuring them, that nothing but imperious necessity cookl have induced him to act as be bad done, and that their welfare bad always been the object which he pursued. Although it was evi- dent that the Danish prince had not given up the cause of Norwe- gian independence until its main- tenance was placed beyond all hu- man probability, there was still the remnant of a party which, in the msappointment of their eager hopes, regarded the termination of the contest as the result of per- fidy. Some persons^ who iri the Swedish account are qualified as " professing the principles of jaco- binism,** excited on the 19th a po- polar tnmult in Christiania, in which the house of General Haxt- haosen, ibe friend and confident of Prince Christian^ was attacked, and ill windows and furniture de- itroyed. The General being at that tuoe at his country house, the nob l^oevaed him thither, and his life wn saved only by the speedy arrivsl of a body of Norwegian cavalry. The Grown Prince, in- formed of this occurrence, intiroat- ed to the oooocil of state at Chris- tiania, that if they did not posseai sufficient authority to preserve the public tranquillity, he should be obliged to order his troops 10 pass the line of demarkation in order to protect the peaceable inhabitants of the capital. Haxthausen> it appears, was charged with having suffered the Norwegian army to be three days without provisions. Among the circumstances preced- ing the convention of Moss, it is mentioned that the commandant of Frederickstadt gave up his for- tress without a shot; that two ge^ nerals behaved so ill that- they were cashiered ; but that the com* mandant of Frederickstein, Gene- ral Oh me, had declared that he would defend himself to the Ust extremity ; and that Colonel Kreds had assembled about 10,000 pea- sants near Kongsvinger with the intention of falling upon the rear of the Swedish army. But tiiis would have been a fruitless at- tempt against such regular troops, as the Swedes, and such a general as the Crown Prince. Further, if the war had been protracted by drawing it to the northern parts of the kingdom^ the blockade of the ports would hai'e involved those steril regions in the miseries of fa- mine. The mercantile part of the nation deserted the cause of inde- pendence as soon as they found that England had declared against it. The Diet of Norway having as- sembled. Prince Christian, whose health and spirits had been affect- ed by the mortifications he had un- dergone, sent in his resignation; and on the next day set out for Lauwig, accompanied by General Haxthausen and several others of the latcruliag members who would not quit him. Although a British sloop 48] Annual register, i8i4. tloop of vrir was in wafting to Piet. He deliveied • tpetdi, camtyhxm whenever he pleased, which was repeated ii} tbe SwedUh Ke reliised the offer » aodmeaoCto laoguage by Prince Oscar; after embark io a Danish cutter. He which the assembly took the oatli declared that he would no( go to of fidelity to the king, aod hia Copcohagen, but would be boded jRoyal Highnesi delivered to the «t Saoderberg iif the Belt; and preaident bis Majesty's promise of thua terminated faia short-lived governing according to the natioiMl royalty, the assumption of wbich> laws. On the f(>ilo wing day Field- wbetfaer dicuted by patriotism or xnarsbal Count d*£asen waa inveatp ambitbn, was an indication rather ed with the dignity of Stadthokler of spirit than of political wisdom, of the kingdom of Norway. 0& On October 20th, the Norwe- the 13th a solemn TeDeum Waa gtan Diet, by a majority of 74 celebrated in the cathedral churdi vpieft to 5, came to the following of Christiania, and an eloqveot roiolutioD. *' Norway shall, as an discourse composed for the oeca<^ integral state, be united to Sweden aion was delivered by the Bishop of under one kitig, with the preserva- Aggerhuua. Thus the great na* tion of its constitution, aubjoct to tiooal act was completed, io ft auch necessary altecations as the manner which at least bore ererjr welfare of the country may require, jcmblanoe of being free aod voluD- having at thb same time regard to tary. the union with Sweden. These The Diet was closed on the a6th alteratiouB, which his Swedish with a speech from the Crown Majesty baa recognised in the con- Prince, the following paragraph of ventton of Moss, are to be const- which affords an intimation nf d^ed and determined on by the what may have occurred in the Diet as apeedily as possible ; and discussions on the constitution t as soon as this has been done, the *' If, in passing rapidly frooa an. Diet will solemnly elect and ac- ebsoJute government, to one ibondf" knowledge the King of Sweden, ed on the laws, the wishes which his Majesty Charles XUI, as the you have sometimes expr^aei constitutional King of Norway.*' have been mixed with feara and This resolution was made |)ublic in disquietudes, they must be aircrihed a proclamat'ion of the representa- to the recollection of timea and of tivei of Norway to their country- relations which no longer exist, men. The election of the king by You were animated with the leiii the Diet took place with entire of defending the rights of the peo^ unaoiroity on November 4th, and pie -, tht king was desiieua of lev aevcnof its members were deputed cognizing them, aod he waa iaK to convey the intelligence of thia duced so to do, as nauch by hia event to the Crown Rrioce of Swe*- particular sentiments, aa bf the den. Hia Royal Highness, accom- free constitution of Sweden.*' panied by his son Prince Oscar, set For the articles of the Norwe* out from Frederiduhall for Ch{ia- giau coostitutioo we lefer to the tiania on the 8th, and on the loth State Papers. . repaired in state to the hall of the CHAFTSR OENERAL HISTORY. [49 CHAPTER V. Entrance of Louis XVIIL to Compeigne tind Paris. — His Declaration respecting the Consfitution, — His Address to the Nation on the Jfrmies oftAe Aiites.— Funeral Service for Louis XVL Wc. — Military Promo* lions of Princes of the Blood, --^Buonafartes Departure to Etta.^^ Peace signed ivith the Allied Powers, and Conditions. — Constitution^ presented hy the KSng to the Legislative Body, — State of Parties in France. — Discussions on the Liberty of the Press. -^Expose of the State of the Nation. — Legion of Honour continued. — French Budget — King's Debts. — Emigrant Property, dared the political expectations eotertained by that body: '* By 70a will be cemented the bases of agorernment wisely and prudently balanced. Your Majesty wishes only to enter into tbe exercise of rights which suffice for the royal aothorityj and the execution of tbe gencrdl will, intrusted to your paternal bands, wlU thereby be-' V0L.LVI, come more respectable and more assured/* Similar sentiments were expressed in an address by the pre- sident of the senate. On May 3d, the grand and in- teresting ceremonial took place of the solemn en trance of Louis XVIII into his capital. He w^ attended by a great concourse of people who had gone to meet him> to the gate of St. Denis, whence he slowly proceeded to' the metropo- litan church of Notre Dame. He was there seated uuder a canopy^ over which was the figure of St. Louis; and having on his knees devoutly kissed the relic of the true cross; and received the holy water, he was addressed by tbe vicar-general, M. Lamyre, as the organ of the Parisian clergy. *' The God of St. Louis (said, he) has re-established your throne, yoa will reestablish his altars. God and the king, such is our motto ; such has ever been that of th^ clergy of France." Tc Dcum was then celebrated, in the presence of the senate^ the legislative body,, and a vast assembly of distinguished [ EJ s^pecr SO] ANNUAL RE(5|ST^Jl/t^l4. speefators; after which bis Ma- ftsiy, with the Duches.4 of Angou- lect^, procteded for the Thuille- ries. At the palace he was met by Mocuieur, aiid the two brothers tenderly embraced, amidst the re- peated acclamations of tlie multi- tude. We shall not attempt a de- tail of the public decorations and iuiplsiyg of rejoicing on this me- morable day. It has been hinted by ohfifirTers that the tokens of sa- tisfiiction were n preceding day. Louts published a declaration respecting that most important subject, the ^ure Constitution of France. He iaidf *' After having read atten- tively the plan of the Constitution proposed by the Senate in the ses- aion of the 6th of April last^ we liajre recognized that tlie- bases were good/ but that a great many artidet, bearing the appearance cf the prtt:i{iitation with which they byre been digested, cannot, in Cbelr jexiating form, become ihfi iiuidaroentdr law of the 9tate«" He tfien Q)eptioned having convoked fhe present senate and legislative body for the loth of June next, in or4er to take iuto consideration t^e nosuk of the labours of hin^self in.aaojuQction wijtb a comoiiasion ^Qi9i| got of Chose t^o bodies. In framing a constitution, of wbibh the following are to be the beset: The rf^presentative body to be maintained as it exists at this day^ divided into two bodies, the se- nate, and the chamber of deputiea of the departments i the taxes to be freely granted ; public and in« dividual liberty to be aeicon;^ } ihP liberty of the press respecf^, i^T- iog the necessary precfutipps (or the public tmoquillihr i ti;i{l)ib!ertf of worship ggaraDteod ; propprtjr to be inviolable, and the aplc of i^ tional estates irrevocal^j the ministers responsible i the jadflca irremoveable, and tbe joclujial power indepeodenl; the pMblio debt guaranteed; the pensiooi> ranks, and honours of toe oiiU* tjiry, and the ancient and new bility, to be preserved ; the 1< of honour maintained; all. French* men to be admissible to emploj* ments, civil and military: op individual to be distorbcd %* fik opinions or votes. This declaratioiii appears to have given general a^* tibfaction; indeed, the busea. If liberally construed, contaio all tfao fundamental points of free goMn* meut. The two legislative bodioi^ who were presented in cerenioo|r U( tbe King on May 6tb, expressed bjr their presidents the most re^iecU f ul sentiments of attachment to I^a porson, and confidence io his a^ surances. The impatience of the French to be freea from those armi^ qf foreigners which had been chfsir conquerors^ and could not b^pihqr- wise than burthens to the coup* try, was not put to a trial longev than necessity required. Sofae difficulties having been experienced with regard to the cession of ^ administration of several proviiu;^ in Pnmce occupied by the ' OENERAl^ HISTORY. [51 MffipDhtcd bf an article of tbe anutdot, the Baron de Stein, chiejf of ibe ocDtial department, issued MB order on IdajrQth, conmandiog tiie iminediate resignation, by tbe aiicliorhies of the allied powers, of tbe adminutratioo of those pro- viooes lo the commissioners of the iung of France, ^t the same time LpDii poblisbed an address to the patiooy in which he mentioned tkit the allied armies were begip« oing to move to tbe frontiers; motif noticed some abases that liad been committed by levying cflfitribBtiona opon tbe departments the coaclusion of tbe armi- and forbade compliance with illegal demands ; and required d tlie civil and military authori- tiis in bis kingdom to redouble tiieir attention for supplying the inmea of the allied sovereigns vidi every thing necessary for their snbstslenoe and wants. A touching solemnity appro- ■rate to tbe restoration of the QomboB line took place at Paris OB May 14. It was a funeral ser- vice at the metropolitan church tocHjoak XVI. and XVII. Queen liarie Antoinette, and Madame jttjpihffth de France. The king pEfulred thither without a cort6ge, aod emtted incognito at the cerC" misy in a tribune prepared for ihe purpose, with the Docbess of Aogoulenie, alsoincognito, in ano^ ther tribone. The chief rooumers were Mon* iieiir, the Duke of Bern, and the taadt of C6nd6. Tribunes were waupei for the Emperors of Aus- tria aad Bossia, aod tbe King of Ihuria, aod fcff several foreigners cf 4iatinetionj deputations from the aeoate and legislative body, of Fifance, and other great filled the choir and nave* Although no unnecessary splendour had been displayed in the prepara- tions for tbis ceremonial, a valt crowd was attracted by the inte* rest which its subject inspiret), whose profound aucl respectijfil silence added to the soleniinity of tbe scene. It might be politically re^rded as a well-judged measuie towards promoting that assoAtioii between the sentiments of religion and of loyalty, which it appears to be particularly tbe object of tbp restored family to revive. A matter of still greater present importance was to conciliate to the new order of things that formiJa* Ue army, which, having been treated with every distinction by the late ruler of France as the sole support of his despotism, and hav* ing under his command attained the summit of military glory, could not fail to look towards him with a remainder of former reve* rence and attachment. It baa been noticed that care had already been taken to gain over the mar- shals, by securing to them their honours and emoluments ^ and se- veral instances of flattering atten- tion to the army had been given by the members of tbe royal family. To connect the troops more closej^ with the Bourbon line, the king, on Ma^ i5tb, published an order, by which Monsieur, the Prince of Cond£, the Duke of Angouleme, the Duke of Berri, tbe Duke of Orleans, and tbe Duke of Bour- bon, were declared colonels-gene- ral of different corps 5 and it was further provided, that the generals, whom the preceding government Jiad named to tbe functions of co- lonels-general, should have the title oi first inq;>ectors-general of .their respective corps under the drderseftha above princes, pre- £B aj serving 53] ANNUAL REGISTER, 18l4 serving the pay, honours,, and prerogatives which thej now en- joy. At the same time the king issued an order, authorizing all conscrit)ts of the class of 1815, who bad been called out, to re- turn to their homes, or to remain there if returned ; and informing all other soldiers, who had quitted their colours on a false interpreta- tion of a decree of the provisional government, that they should be considered as absent on a limited furlough. it may be a matter of some inte- rest to trace the proceedings of the dethroned or abdicated em- peror of France, to his arrival at -the island allotted for his residence. As for as the account of his beha- viour on his journey from Fon- taineblean to the place of embark- ation at St. Tropes in Provence can be relied upon, it displayed ho marks of the equanimity and firm- ness of a great mind, butexhibited all the changes and gusts of con- tending emotions belonging to a ▼loleni and unbalanced character. The inhabitants of the south of France being generally disaffected to his person and government, his ^reception in some of the towns was such as to inspire him with alarm, the effects of which on his feelings he did not conceal 5 and he was obliged to the white . Cockade, and to occasional dis- guise, and sometimes to the inter- ference of his attendants, for an unmolested passage. He was evi- dently impatient to arrive at the se.i-coast ;. and having his choice * of conveyance in an English firi- gate or a French corvette, he prr- f erred the former, and seemed to experience a remarkable exhilara- tion of spirits when under the pro* tection of the British flag and h(y* nour. On the evening of May J, the frigate arriving off Porto Fer-* rajo, in the isle of Elba, several officers of the Russian, Austrian, and English stafls, with two French generals, landed, and bav* ing officially communicated to the commandant of the port the events which had brought thither the celebrated personage who wai to assume the sovereignty of the island, preparations were made for his reception. On the next morn- ing, a flag sent by Buonaparte was brought into the town in cere- mony, and was imnjediately hoTst* ed on the castle amidst a salute of artillery. Its ground was white^ interspersed with bees, and in the centre were the arms of Buona- parte united with those of Elba. Soon after, the Ex-emperor landed with all his suite, under a salute of cannon, returned by the frigate. Preceded by three fiddlers and two flfers, he was conducted in the midst of a crowd of curious specta* tors to the house of the mayor, where he received the visits of thi^ superior civil officers, speaking to each with an assumed air of friink- ness and even gaiety. He then mounted on horseback, and visited all the forts ; and on the next day he extended his ride through his new dominions, particularly sur- veying the iron mines which con- stitute the chief wealth of the island, and inquiring intd the re- venue yielded by thetti ; and thuS oommenced his mock sovereignty. His imperial title was continued as if he'were still seated on the throne of the French empire; and the Great Naf>oleon*s rdga was ushered in \)y addresses from the vice-pre- fect and vkar-general to the people ' * of GENERAL HISTORY. [S3 of Elba, as replete witb loyalty »Dd adnlatioD as any which had paid bota2tg» to his highest for- tune. The important event of the sig- nature of peace betweep France and the allied powers, Austria , Rossia, Great Britain and Prussia, was sojeoinly proclaimed at Paris OQ May 31st as having taken place on the preceding day. The second article of this treaty assures to Francs the integrity of its boun- darica as they existed on January 1st* 1793, with such augmentar tioos of cerritory as are comprised in the sabsequent article, which, in several clauses, specifies a line of demarkatioo on the side of fiel- pam, Germany, and Italy, that on the Spanish frontier remaining as it waa before. By other arti- cles, the navigation of the Rhine, fioin the point where it first be- fnoies navigable to the sea, is made fiee to all persons, the duties pay- able oo its banks being to be equit- ably settled at a future congress. Holland, under the sovereignty of the house of Orange, is to receive an increase of territory : its sove- rdgnty is in no case to devolve on a priooe wearing, or designated to wear^ a foreign crown. The Ger- man states to be independent, and Qoited by a federal league. Switz- erland to continue independent ooder its own government, italy, ODtof the Austrian limits, to be eooiposed of sovereign states. Malta and its dependencies to be- kag ia full sovereignty to Great Bcilvn. AU the colonies, facto- ries,* fisheries, &c. which were poneasedby Prance on January ist, 1793, in the seas or continents of America, Aiiri It is one of the baneful conse* yieDces of a long-continued state iif wsr6re, chat a large portion of Ifaepopvdation of a country has ac* quired iiabits of living and modes of thinking yerj adverse to a state of peace. The military life» not- withstanding all its hardships, by its varied scenes and licentious in- dnlgenocs sddom fails to prove ailitting to ttie yomhdil mind in Ae lower ranks of society; whilst io the higher, a great numl>er are fvofessiooally devoted to it, whose sale hopes of future advancement 4^eod upon the subsisting demand hr their services. Modern armies ape so oomeroas, that a long war onooC be maintained without MDdemg the military class en- tidy dbproportioned to the ge- Mnl floasii composing a state i and the greater the necessity for keeping up its numbers, the mofe MMcqoeDce will be attached to it If thstdreumstance coincides with tMtievMl spirit natumlly martial iid onqoiiet, it may happen that an aversion to resume tl^ pacific chnacter shall become aknbst the ntfog pasMoo of a people. Now, modern history scarcely affords an instance in which these causbs of a fondness for war have concurred more efficaciously than in France, which, from the period of its re* volution, had almost continually been involved io hostilities, do* mestic or foreign ; and which, during many years, had submitted to the despotic rule of a man €i unbounded ambition, and of talents peculiarly adapted to military en* terprice. The astonishing success attending his schemes of aggnm* disement, had raised the power and glory of the nation to a height greatly beyond that of its prou(k8t days; and the armies which he led into the field surpassed in mag- nitude those of any period Hk French history. It is true, his gigantic plans had lately wrought their own subversion, and he had been the author of a more exteil^ sive and tragical waste of fives to his own troops, than can be pa^ ralteled in modern times. Still^, however, a great mass of pa4 glory adhered to his name, and his admirers could find excuses Ibr his failores, in unforeseen circum- stafices, and in that desertion by former allies which they denomi- nated perfidy. To this they at- tributed his finsi miscarriage ; and resentment for his supposed wrongs took place in their feelings, of blame for his rashness, or abhor- rence of his tyranny. Further, the pride of the nation spumed the idea of being conquered ; atrd to escape from it, thev williirgljf cherished the notion, that if trea* ciiery had not prevented NapOl^pn from executing his plan of opeiv^ tions, he would have compel9etf the allied armies to retreat with disgrace firom the fVench tetli^tOf^, 56} ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Aft ftootir tBerefore as the joy of present relief from danger bad sabsided^ there broke out a spirit of discontent^ which manifested itself in animosity against the allies, and disaffection to a new govern- ment considered as imposed op the nation by foreign arms; with vhich^ in the numerous military class, was joined an impatient desire of resuming their arms, and frequent tokens of remaining or returning attachment to their late emperor. The party thus formed was strong and audacious in the capital, and in some of the depart- ments ; and it required all the prudence and vigilance of the go- vernment to prevent its breaking but in acts of mischief. The bulk of the people, how- ever, was probably well inclined to admit the prospect of returning quiet and prosperity, and of being £reed from the grievous burdens to which they had been subjected, and especially from the dreadful jokeof military conscription. The change from a severe despotism, to a limited monarchy, may also be supposed to have been grateful to all whose public principles had not been utterly debased by long habits of servitude. But in the discussions respecting the consti- tution, two opposite parties soon declared themselves ; which were in effect, the same as those which attend every system of mixed go- Ternment^ and of which one in- ' dines to the monarchical, and the Other to the popular side. To the first' of these naturally be- loi> ed all the loyal emigrants who fol:«wed the fortune of the Bour- bons, and returned with them into their own country. Educated in, seottmeuts of the profoundest respect for the royal authority, and the doctrine of hereditary rights they were disposed to consider the restoration of the ancient royal family, as implying that of the whole power vested in the crowQ of France. I'he other party wa^ composed of those who had held any bhare in the different systema of republican government, during the revolutionary period, or^ whom the dread and hatred of experir enced tyranny had convinced c( the necessity of setting bounda to arbitrary exertions of authority « Both of these parties apparently coalesced in the idea of a liniitec} monarchy, as the only form pf go- vernment adapted to the present circumstances of the lime and country ; but it is well knowq from other examples, that wide differences may exist as to thq nature and extent of the limi- tation. The liberty of the press waa one of the topics upon which a diversity of sentiments was the soonest manifested ^ and different speakers in the chamber of depa-' ties had made motions relative to it, ^hen, on July 5th^ the Abb£ de Montesquiou, and the Count de Blacas, were introduced to that assembly to present by the king a order, the plan of a law on the Publication of Work$. It \i*aa prefaced by a speech from the former, in which, after some of the usual observations on the ad« ifhtages, on4he one hand, result^ ing from a free communication of opinions, and the dangers, on th^ other, attending the abuse of sucb a liberty, he touched npon the particular circumstances of the. present period, and the national character, in which were com^ prised GENERAL HISTORy. [^7 fnsdd ^ a vivacitf , a mobility of ioMiriiiation, which reqaired re- itnint;" and be concluded with Mjiiig, that the king proposed oothiag to tbem which did not ippear to him absolutely neces- ory to the safety of the national iostitntioiis, and the administration of goveroineot. The following were the most important provi* ikns of the law. £?ery work of siore than thirty sheets to be pub' lished freely, and without censorial levinoo ; and the same latitude to begiven lo works in thedead and the ibragn languages^ prayer books, ca- techisms, episcopal charges, law re- ports, and works of scientific socie- tie^ established by royal autho' rily. With regard to writings of less bolk, the diiector-general of the press, or prefects in the depart- ments, may require their previous communication. Such works to be examined by censors named by the king, and if thought by them defamatory, dangerous to the poblic peace, or immoral, their printing may be forbid by the di* lector-general. A committee of three members of each house, with three commissioners appointed by the king, to be formed in each seisioo, to whom such suppres- sions shall be communicated, with the opinions of the censors -, and if their reasons shall appear insuffi- cient, the committee may order the printing. Journals and pe- liodical writings not to appear without t he k ing s authority . if e anthor and printer of a work may, if they eboosr, require its previous ^lamination, and if it be. approved, tbey are discharged from all re- sponsibility, except with respect to iDJories of individuals. No (etsMitQ be a printer QF bookseller without the king's license, and tak- ing the proper oaths; and the license may be withdrawn on violation of the regulations. Clandestine print- ing establishments to be destroyed, and the proprietors to be subject to fine and imprisonment. No work to be published without notice to the director- general or the prefect of the department, under a fine for neglect. The omission of the printer's name, or substitution of a false name, to be punished by fine. This law to be revised after three years. It was not to be expected, that a plan so restrictive of the effectual liberty of the press should be re- ceived with general concurrence } accordingly we find, from the re- port of a committee of the cham- ber of dcpnties appointed to exa- mine it, jrfelivcred on August ist, by M. Kaynouard, that it incurred very serious opposition in that house. The committee was una- nimous in declaring, that the plan of the law as proposed could not be adopted without some roo« difications ; and it was resolved by a majority, that previous censor- , ship ought not to serve as the basis of the law. The speech of that member on the occasion was long, and though calm, strongly rea- soned ; and arguments were par- ticularly adduced to prove, that such censorship was incompatible with the freedom of the press*, and a violation of the constitution. The report was ordered to be printed. Such was the public curiosity respecting the debate on the subjr*ct, which was to take place in the chamber of deputies on August 5th, that it gave rise to a scene highly characteristic of the nation. A vast crowd, in which dS] ANNUAL REGISTER, I4l4. wkkh a nacnber of ekgaot fbmates wtre coDflpicuotts, had pressed into ffae b<>ii8e» notwithstanding all tho efforts of the sentinels, whose bif oncts had no terrors fbr these ladies^ and erery part was filled j whtu, instead of the order of the dB7> ^ president ordered the rr^ gpiatlon to be read> directing that '' 00 stranger shall, on any pre3> fext, introdoce htmsielf into the body of the honse» where the members sit.** The prendent th^n ordered all the stmngers within the enclosnre to withdraw, de* dating that otherwise he mast skijoorn the honse to the next day. In consequence, a few of tlie upper seats were cleared ; but in the other parts of the ball no regard whatever being paid to the injunction, the president declared the sitting at an end. This inci- dent was not likely to, produce an effect favourable to any proposal for enlarging popular freedom. At the meeting on the following day, care had been taken to pre- serve due order, and speeches were made on each side of the question relative to the censor- ship, which were directed to be printed. The debate was resumed on the Bth, and was continued oo the three six:ceeding days. At lengthy M. Raynouard having been hend against the law, and the Abb6 de Montesquieu in its fa- vour, the question was put by ballot, when there appeared for the law 137 balls, against it 80, jgipom whi^ the president pro« ]K>uneed, ''The Chamber adopts Ihe law.*' It is to be observed ^t M. Mont^sqniou had made Ihe concession on the part of the kingy that the censorship should not appVr lo any work exoeediog io sbaets, aod that the tpctaikm of ihm law shoirid be Kmitod Hr tfee end of the sessioik of i8r6« The kw oaderw«itt oonsidenibkf discussion in ibeofaaoHberof pMivy and varibua . afttendiileDti went ihade. In tbe nteantiAoe tW public attentieoi to the se4»|ect wav kept alive by somb proseovdodi of libels I aiid it was not till Oo»* tbber 2i8t, that the law wsk saai^ tinned and pubMshtid by a royal decree. Its provisioos were 0ot materially difiereiK frooi those te the abstract above giveiu Tfaw previous caMorsbip of worka oiate 20 sheets was fully estabysbed^ The regulations respecting ciMH destine or illegal printing, wem rendered more precise and sev-o^e. By three ordinatKes of subsequenfe dates, various appointments weiw made for carrying the law intw effect, the censors were nominatBd, of whom 19 were termed ordinary, and 22 honorary. The geocni direction of the bookselling trad* was placed under the Chiuicellor of France. It appears as if some particular law had been made rdative ttf journals and periodical papers |p for the Chancellor, alluding tQ such a law in an edict of October 29th, directs that no siicb pafier shall be published at Paris afw Nov. 1st, and in the departnest* after Dec. rst ensuing, witbovt tlie anthoriaation prescribed ia tb» hw ; and that such authorindoar shall be grancedy and may b6 wMw drawn, for the daily jonmala of Paris, by the Director-geoeral of the Police, add fck all other paftay by the Diredtor-genera] of book^ selling- Every English reader will feel the great importance of • fMiidife pomet m the offloeas^ govonunent GENERAL HISTORt. C^d jomiMot o?er pdbKcationi of .ditfclatt. Ou iolj 3d, two of the King's jmaiften haiYiBg k)een introduced to tbe chamber of dq)uties, laid before that body a gtateoient of tie oooditioD in which the king- doon was Iband by hit Majetty on Ml taking the reins of gorerncneDt. Ic waa tl>e object of this import- siit paper to show how much the nation had soffered from the 10- fane projects of its late ruler ; to lay open all the deceptions which had been practised to cooceal the reat state of afiair* ; and to give a stiobg Impression of the difficulties whi^ the new administration had toctoooontery and the eiertiona re- quisite to remedy the public evils^ and restore order and prosperity. The AM6 de Montesquiou introi> doeed his expasi by some observa- tiotfs on the procUgious loss of men ocdnioDed by the warlike enter- pifses of the late government, and stated the amount of the calls made since the end of the Russian campaign, at 1,300,000, of which, however, the last levies fortunately lad not been made. Hence might he estimated the amazing destruc- tioo incurred by these wars > and allbofigh it appeared in some mea- sure to be counteracted by an in- crease of births, this had been in piDt oc as a means of parading magnificence and obtaining popularity. Some of them were really useful, and those >for mere embellishment should not be abandoned, though their expense had been estimated 8t 53,5oo,poo francs, of which more than 24,000,000 had al- ready been laid out upon them. Under the head of War Mi- nistry, the statements deserve pe- culiar notice, as calculated to im- press upon every thinking mind a conviction, that among all the financial evils pressing upon gq- vcrnments, those arising from war are beyond comparison the great- est. *' Hence (says the report) originated the disorder which ex- tended to all the other branches ; nnd the disasters of the three last campaigns have plunged this de- partment, already so complicated, into a complete chaos/* On the isl of May last, the land forces of Fraace amounted to more than 520,000 men of all descriptions, besides which there were about 122,600 enjoying half pay. The prisoners returning from differeul countries, and the staff of the army, added near 161,900 to the uumber. The whole of the war expenses for 18 14, in (heir dif« ferent branches, are estimated at 740 inillions of francs, and the arrears due, at 261 millions. The head of Ministry of Marine exr poses the folly and mischief of the plant of the late government in the naval department, particular!/ the projected invasion of England^, and the scheme of making the • Scheld a grand naval depot. It observes, that latterly seamen had been regarded as only eventual recruits for the land army» that all the arsenals are completely dila^ pidated, and the immense naval stores collected by Lewis XVI. are squandered away, and that the debt of the navy exceed^ 61 roilr lions. The article of Finances, after stating the manner in which the late government contrived to conceal its deficits, and the vast anticipations made by it, and mis- application of funds from their appropriate uses, gives the aggre- gate sum of 4,645,469,000 frdocs^ as the Increase of tl^e public debtf in the course of 13 year^. To all this load of mischief, the report adds the moral evils that have 90^ crued to France, during thisf pe^ riod of corruptioi) ^nd misgovemr ment, the anniliilation of public spirit, the suppression of nqble and generous sentiments, and tbo conversion of religion and systemf of education into mere . tools of power. It concludes, ' bowcvefj' with fostering hopes of the reco- very of the nation from this statp of difficulty and depravation, pror vided it will zealously concur 19 the efforts of the king apd the two chambers, and t>ot by a re#t- Jess turbulence destroy the bles»- ^ ings of which peace afifords it the prospect. Such were the general contents of GENERAL tttStORY. 161 ti tliif paper^ interesting not onljr to Pnoce, bat to ail Europe. How hr thtf operated upon the minds of tbe majority of tbe nation, we ^e DO present meant to deter- BBoe. Their importance in tbe opinion of the chamber of depu- ties was testified by a vote order- ing, that tbe Report with its ac- companying documents should be printed, and six copies given to each member. Tbe same expose being laid before the chamber of peers on the 12th, was deliberated Bpoo, and a committee was ap- pointed for drawing up an address to tbe king on its- contents. While attempTs were thus mak- ing to open the eyes of the nation to the errors and vices of the late govemmenty tbe expedience of praserving some of its popular in- idtutioos, was manifested in a nj%\ ordinance confirming the cttblisbmeDt of the Legion of HoQOor. In the preamble, this iutitutioD is praised as rewarding in a way analogous to the manners of France, every kind of service rendered to tbe country, and as. ibroishing the sovereign autbo- niy with the power of exerting Ike noblest infloence on the na- fidoal character. By the articles of this ordinance, the reigning sorerctgn.is dedared chief and gcsod master of the order, and the privileges of its members are pfewrved, excepting the right of ' floakiDg a part of -the electoral ooHeges. llie petisions assigned to each rank in the legion are Bttntiined ; but it is declared, that in future, till otherwise or- dered. Dominations and promotions . give no right to any pensioo. l^he ieooradoos of the order are to t keac the head of Hcmy IV. with the motto, '' Honour and ooi Country;*', and the oath to be taken is, " I swear to be faithflil to the King, to Hobour^ and to the Country." The opening of the French budget in the Chamber Of Deputies on July 22d^ was attended with such an effervescence of public cunosity, that it was found impos^^ sible to prevent the occupying of the four upper benches assigned to the Deputies, by a crowd of la-^ dies, foreigners, and persons of distinction ; and this disorder was tolerated, though it is obvious that such a laxity must be fatal to the true dignity and consequence of a popular assembly : but such is the national character ! The Baron Louis, minister of finance, was the person who, accompanied by the Abb6 l^ontesquioii, minister of tbe interior; and M. Ferrand, mi- nister of state, harangued the as- sembly on this momentous occa- sion. It is not our business to en- ter into the particulars of a French budget, and we shall limit our statement to a few of the most im- portant results of the calculations. The first point to which the atten- tion of the assembly, was directed was the expenditure of the year 1814. It was laid at the sum of 827,415,000 francs, and the amount of the probable means for meeting it being only 520 millions* the deficit incurred would exceed- 307 millions. The expenditure of 181 5 was calculated at 618 mil- lions, which was to he provided for by ways and means stated. Among these it is observable, as a proof of the ruin incurred by tbe foreign x^ommerce of France, tliat nothing is assigned for the Customs, which, sskji. the minister, ^* are less Si] AN^NUAL KEGISTEB, 1814. kis a filial resoarcei tl^in a means of hvosuiog our own induffry.** The neoesstty under wfaich be found himself of applogiaing for the ckintinuance of the oonsoldat- ed dudes is also Worthy of notice. ^'TheKingy (said he) in his re- liremeDty long lamented the vexa- tions to which the people were •objected by the collectioos of the drtMs reunies -, and his first care was» to anaouQce their abolition by the mouth of the prince of his &- mily who preceded him. fiut the ttate in which his Majesty found the treasury ; the immense exist* kig arrears f and the number of btate men to be paid y rendered it an imperative duty with him to pireserre for the state resources proportioned to its wants.** The minister then went into the consi- deration of the debts of the state, the accumulation of which now amounted to more than thirteen hundred millions of francs; but the arrears actually demandable, and for the payment of which it was absolutely ncce«»ary toprovide» amounted only to 759 miUioos. For the liquidation of this sum it was proposed that bonds of the royal treasury should be issued, payable at the end of three years, and bearing a yearly interest of 8 j)er cent«y the holders of which 'ahould hare the power of convert- ing them into inscriptions in the great book of the 5 per cent, con- sols, with a bonus. To meet these obligations, a quantity of forest lands was to be sold, and the pro- duce to be employed as a sinking fund in buying them up. The minister in mentioning tliis re- aoiarce, said, " The good efiects of a weU-4HMnbiBed plan of a sinking fuod^ protccute4 with pccsever- aoce> knay be seen on a comparisdi^ of the vigour of the credit of £og- land, and the weakness of oorowo* The credit of £agland baa re-* mained invalaable amidst ad shocks, ifr spite of the ioereava of her debt That of France has Isn* guished, notwithstanding tho non so difierrnt from thai wkieli we exhibit. This principle gjvre birth in England to the idea o^f placing by the side of a heavy debt a counterpoise which lighieoa ic« and continually t^nds to reaCore the oquilibrium. We regret -tl>(il; we are not yet able to introdactt into the administration of our fi* nances a similar germ of prosperi- ty^ and to propose to you to sofc apart a portion of our ordinary re?e- nues for the redemption of the con- stituted debt.*' Such, in its mafti points, was the French budget; 000* cerning which the refiection tib#i will probably first arise in the mlo^ of the English reader, is the small- ness of thesum of debt incurred^ if* ter all its wars and disasteia, ^ tbat powerful kingdom, oomparad with that of Great Britain ; andtlkar prospect that with peace and good management, France may be aet entirely free, while this couoti/ it still labouring under a burden die discharge of which, under the moat favourable circumstances, camMtt be effected within a period of timie that the mind startles to contena*' plate— and is war still a fiifoor- ite of the nation } The budget was presented to the Chamber of Peers on Sept. S^ by the Prince of Benevento, in Ji speech stating the priooSpal ard* des GENERAL Hfstoay. m C)a of whkk it opnaUtfida aD4 e^? pl^oiiBg the new fiqaocial system, asM tyep dpne hjth^ iDipi|jt£r qf liwce |p U)^ Cli^mt^r of pe- puies. For cl^ purpose gf prov- iDg the coQip^r^tive lightufss of tb^ bonjen to be boroe by ibe Fnyicb peqple, be qiade the fol- lowing calculation :-r?Accor4iDg to t^ Ifit ceoauf, ^be popnlatioD of Ffpace was 28 millions. Dividing eyilllj the aunqal amount of tjE? taj^ca. taken at 600 millions, the ^*)ota jM^d by each individual ^oaM be sfoiiiewhax lesa than 22 ^ana* la Eagland, the produce ^ the Uxe# (nx)t including |re« "^1194) has of kte years risen to 60 aiittiffPf sterlings which sam» di- lidqd aiDQOg twelve millions of in- habkaota, gives 5^1. or 1 20 francs kr eadti iD^iwJuaJ. The Prinqe 4m^ dwelt T^ry forcibly on tbc ne- €fmty of a strict adherence to cn- fypyp^S in order to re-establish tiiecsBdit of the country ; and al- Ufi4 to the luivantage in this re- ject afforded by the new copsti- tolioQj in terras which, from the fcst miaister of state, may be re- ginM.as a pledge of the sincerity of the crown in accepting it. " It qpvst be acknowkdgt-d (said he) tf^it the government in France has 4ciiv94 very little power firom fi- jUkf to ita engagements ; and in ^respect we mo^t less accuse fptn thaa the nature of things : ipf tjie theory of a* regular and feady credit cannot be establi^ed bpt ooder a representative and con- Mii^^^y^fll govemroent, such as tjbat which tbe manificence of the Ipog has enabled us to enjoy for te first time.*' . 7wo subjects of importance re- tabre to property and finance were ntKgjdoced to the Chamber of De- puties al t|ie ^ittiqg of July 2:^tfa, The first was in a report from the Cotnmittee pf Petitionst reciting the aubstanoe of 9 petitbn deU- vered by 9 certain Dame Mathea» which stated, that she had acquir* ed by purchasing emigrapt pro- perty, which she was peaceably etf* joying, when two publications ap« peared, one entitkdj " A (ieUqr tp Louis XVIII. on tbe Sale pf National Property/* by 1^1. FalG(>* net, advocate ; the other entitled, '' The Restitution of the Propenr of Emigrants considered,*' by m4 Dard, advocate; the effects of which were, to ctdic doubts as to the validity of her purchase ; and she therefore prayed the enactment of a law to clear up this uncer* tainty. The member who gave ia this report (which was probably a contrivance) ooade a speech to show the dangers that would accrue from any attempt to infringe .the laws which had sanctioned aiu) too firmed the sale of confiscated property ; and concluded with moving a resolution to the effect« that the Chamber having heard the report on the petition, and considered the various (re- cited) laws by which such sales had been confirmed, had decided that the complaints of tlie peti titioner were unfounded. Thia resolution passed unanimously, and the report was ordered to be printed. The other matter was the mo- tion of a member relative to tbe personal debis of the King. Tbe mover, afler a reference to the long-rooted attachment of French- men to their kings, and the cir- cumstances which bad compelled the present Koyal Family to take refuge in a foreign countxy, and to contract • • ■ » 64] ANNUAL REGISTER, 18l4. contract debts for their support, divided their creditors into two classes, public and private. In the first rank of these be named Eng- land. *' Cotdd yon wish (said he) that she should have it in her power to boast of having maintain- ed, for so many years, the family of your Rings, without an offer from France of the payment of her advances? In vain would proud England object that she had only jfbllowed the example of France by returning to the Bourbon6"^hat Iiouis XIV. had done for the Stuarts, whose posterity still fills the Britifvh throne. Let us do our duty ; the English will do theirs.*' in the second rank he placed those generous men who had sacrificed their fortunes and those of their chH Jren to these august personages ; and he was persuaded that sooner or later theFrench people woulddojus- tice to such virtuous magnanimity and toisformne. After dwelling for some time upon their case, he ended with moving, •' that the King be humbly requested to com- municate to the Chamber an ac- count of the debts he contracted during his residence abroad, and to present a law for accelerating the payment of those debts, consi- dered as the debts of the State 1 ! This motion was warmly support- ed, and unanimously ordered to be taken into consideration by the Committees. A resolution was framed upon it, which was after- wards unanimously acceded to by the Chamber of Peers. On Sept. 13, the minister, M. Ferrand, presented from the King to the Chamber of Deputies, the plan of an important law respecting emigrants, the object of which was, the restoration of all such emi- grant property as was not already appropriated to the poblicservice; bi^ sold to individuals, to its owners; or their fepre^ntatives. In hi^ fntroductory speech M. Ferrand observed that, the designation of emigrants, applied to a portion of his Majesty*s subjects, was as false in principle, as it had beed disas- trous in its conseqaences. They were persons who, while thrown- for a season into foreign lands, had lamented over that country which they hoped to revisit. Rigorous jus* tice then demanded that those who for twenty years had submitted to so many sacrifices, should be re^ stored to that share of their pro« perty which had not been disposed df. In the preamble of the law the King repeats the engagement he had contracted of malt^taining the sales which had already been made of national property; after which, follow several articles rda«4 tive to the retention or rcstita- tion of the property of emigrants, the claims to profits received, ar- rears, instalments of purchase mo-^ ney due, &c. This law being re- ferred to a committee, its discos* sion produced long debates at seve* ral sittings of the Chamber, t^ which It appeared that great snspl- cions had been excited respecting fhe fCiture security of the* private purchases and public pppropria* tions of emigrant property. An article apparently for the purpose of obviating such apprehensiona being added by the Committee, the object of which was to renlder the present measure of reKef final, with regard to the emigrants, it was pot to the vote and rejected. For the purpose of supplying the deficiencies in the clerical estab- lishment of the (jallican church, which GENERAL HISTORY* [65 irhidbiiad so long been suffered to M into neglect, the King, on October sxtt, issoed an ordinance, which 'permitted the archbishops iod bishops of the kingdom to establish in each department an coctesiastical school^ the masters sod tntors of which theyma^namCi sod in which they shall educate jtnng people intended for the great temioaries. When schools are si- tuated in towns where there is a Ifoeom or commercial college^ the scholars, after two 3'ears study, are to take the ecclesiastical habit, and tbenoefcuth are to be excused fiuoa attending the lectures of the lyceum or college. When they hsre finished their course of study> thej may present themselves to the euminatioo of the university for the degree of bachelor of letters^ which shall be gratuitously confer- led upon them. These ecclesias* dcsl schools are allowed to receive legacies and donations; and it can- not be doubted . that their institu- tion is an important step towards rrtiiering the credit and influence of the clerical body in France. Coont Blacas, minister of the Royal Hoosehold, presented to the Cham- ber, of Deputies, on October 26th, the plan of a law relative to the civil ist and endowment of the crown, lor which the two Chambers had addressed the King. By tlie first article, the annual sum of 25 miU lioos of francs was appropriated to the civil list, to be paid in twelve equal monthly payments. Then ulowed a number of articles rela- ttfe to the public domains or en« dovments of the Crown, the con- lenraticm and administration of its poperty, the King's private do- m^, and the endowment of the Pitaoes and Princesses of the Royal Vol. LVI. family. For the latter purpose the annual sum of eight mtUioos of francs is assigned to serve instead of apanage. This law was adopted in the Chamber of Deputies by a ma-^ jority of 185 votes to 4. The same minister appeared be* fore the Chamber on November apth, to lay before it a statement of the King's debts. .Those of his Majesty> and of the Princes of his family, with those left by Louis XVI. amounted to about 30 mil« lions of francs, which he justly said was no great sum, considering the number of years during which the principal and interest had been ac- cumulating. The interest of these debts the King offered to pay pro* visionally out of the civil list, so that no alteration would be required in the budget. The Count then alluding to the law which restored to the companions of the King's exile such of their property as was not alienated, said, that his Ma- jesty only felt the more strongly the obligations which it laid upon him to Ailfil towards those who had nothing to expect from the mea- aures to which the legislative body had been obliged to confine itself. It belonged therefore to him alone to succour the honourable indi- gence of these persons ; and con* Bding in the co-operation which the generosity of this body pro- mised him, he would endeavour to discharge this debt contracted by misfortune. The Count then read the plan of a law presented to the Chamber in the* name of the King» After stating the amount of the debt, it proposed a commission to be appointed by his Majesty to ex- amine the titles of the creditors> according to whose decisions they should be inscribed in the book of F the 66] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1S14. the public debt, the interest op to tooYotrtoatof 103. AttfaeMinc Jan. 1, 1 81 6, to be fMkl o«t et the time the Duke of TMeotocB (lf«r« civU lilt, tnd •Bier ditt Aite to be thai Macdontld) in a modi op* prorided for hi the budget Hut phndod speech, aonoaooed bit in- law being diicoMed in theCbamber tentioa oi proposing a kw for on December 15, an amendment, granting life-annuities to thoio proposed by the Central Commit- emigrants, the sale of whose eatatea tee, was taken into oonsidention, bad left them without provisioo. namely, that it woold not be pro- The Duke made his proposal le* per to accept bis M^^esty's gene- lative to this measure on Decern* rous offer of paying the inteiest of ber 10, in a speech full jof calcohn the debt for 1815 out of the civil tioo, which it is not necessary hem list; and the law thus amended to specify, and to ▼erify which, passed with only a single negatiTe. would obviously require much in* The law for the restoration of vestigation. Nothing more ap* the onsold ertates of emigrants pears to have been -done on diis passed the Chamber of Peers on subject during the fVBiauMkr of December 3, by the majo^rUy of the)'ear. CHAP. GENERAL HISTORY* [67 CHAPTER VI. ^M. — Political par ties, -^Ferdinand at FaUncia, jdmeJ hy the grafi* dees and prelates. '^Issues a declaration of his refusal to accede to thi new Gmstitutum, and pronoumes the Decrees of the Cortes null, and tkehr suffCfTters guilty of high treason. — Cortes sinks without a strug* ' gle.'^ Arrests. — Ferdinand enters Madrid. — Convents restored,'^Cir^ cuhsT, respecting the adherents of Juseph \ and to the Authorities in the huBes. — Address from the University of Salamanca. — Discontents in various parts. — Re-establishment of the Inpiisition. — Ordnance aho" Hsking torture, — Rtform in the proceedings of the Ceurt of Inguisi- turn, — Severe measures at Cadiz. — Eota of the Nuncio reUortd.^-Mea^ ntres to repress Insurgents and Banditti.'^ Arrests multiplied. — 7n- surrection of Espoz de Mina. — Restoration of feudal privileges. ^-^ Popular manners of the King. '^Honour able treatment of Mina in France. — Council of Mesta re established. — Despotism and weakness of the Goventment.'^Elxpedition for South America frepared, — 5e)z-. fence on State prisoners, — Retuardsfor loyalty. THE radical difference between a people accustomed to free in- qaiiy relative to topics of the nK>st important interest to mankind^ and another to whom such inquiries are jet novel, and are encountered hj loog-established prejudices of tarious kinds, was never more forcibly ejLemplified than by the opposite terminations of the poli- riad storms and contentions by which the kingdoms of France and of Spain had for so many years been agitated. We have seen the for- mer, immediately upon the break- ing up of a severe military despo- tism, quietly settling in a consti- tatioQ possessing the essentials of 6tedom; and though displaying those contentions of party^ whieh Defer h\\ to burst out when not Impressed by the strong band of power, yetj on the whole, appa- rently concurring in the principles of that balance of authority, which keeps within due limits every ex- ertion of the public force. We are now to be mortified with the view presented b^ the latter, of a go- vernment of^ which politi(ial liberty appeared to be the vital spirit, sub- siding at once into an arbitrary sway, directed by all the violence, ignorance, and bigotry, of the most unenlightened times. Although the return of Ferdi- nand to his kingdom was hailed by the general voice of Spain, yet it was early remarked that the una- nimity was only external, and that factions were brooding which would shortly involve the country in all the evils of civil discord. ^^ We cannot conceal it ; (said the Paper, entitled The Condso,) two parties exist in Spain. The one [F a] consists 68] ANNUAL REGISTER, 18U. consists of those who love and sup- which the dignity of the crown port the political reforms which cannot adroit. The new Consti'^ have taken place ; the other, of tution is really republican : the tliose who either oppose, or hypo- executive power b so limited and critically pretend to cherish thenv*' checked, that it is impossible the The writer goes on to say, tiiat for machine can support itself.** Tlie more than twenty months, the Dukedellnfantado had now joined enemies of reform endeavoured, the King at Valencia, and was under the pretext of religion, to followed by most of the grandees, stigmatize its promoters with the and many prelates also repaired to appellation of heretics, atheists, and hb court. The Cortes, becoming deists i and finding that this did more and more suspicious and not answer their purpose, they anxious, dispatched two letters to ac^ded the titles of jacobins and re- the King, expressing their earnest publicans, and propagated the be- desire that he would assume the lief, that those who had planned a reins of Government, according to constitutional monarchy, wished to the Constitution, and representing^ leave a king out of the scheme, the mischievous consequences that He further observes, that the per- would result from a longer delay, sons disaffected to the new institu- to which it does not appear that tlon had formed a junction with they received any answer, the Frenchified party 5 and that At length all suspence and doabt they would doubtless attempt to was terminated by a declaration, ot instil into the mind of Ferdinand c6nsiderabie length, which Ferdi« notions which had brought ruin nand issued at Valencia on the 4th upon Charles IV. and Maria of May. This paper began with Louisa. If the Concho, as being a summary recital of all that had under the influence of the Cortes, happened from the time of bis first bore somewhat of the stamp of receiving the oath of allegiance of a party paper, it is certain that the Spanish people, to his being events too well verified the state- detained captive in France, with ment and prediction here made. the subsequent events down to The long continuance of Ferdi- the installation of the General oand at Valencia in the month of and Extraordinary Cortes in the April, manifestly gave uneasiness Isle of Leon, on Sept. a4th, 1810. to the inhabitants of Mad rid, where To this body, ''assembled in a it was a general question, When manner never used in Spain, even will his Majesty swear to the Con- in the most arduous cases, and the stitution ? and rumours of the most most turbulent times," was ascrib« opposite kinds were propagated on ed an usurpation of all the pablic thb point. At this time the French authority, by means of wbicfa it papers were continually publishing imposed upon the nation the yoke paragraphs in favour of the royal of a new Constitution, in which party against die popular. Thus, were copied the revblutionary and under the head of Barcelona^ it is democratic principles of the French sajd, *' The Cortes preserve a me- Constitution of 1791, and which nacing attitude, and wish to impose sanctioned, not the fundamental upon the Sovereign conditions laws of a moderate monarchy, but those GENERAL HISTORY. [69 those of a popular Govsrnment content and disturbance in my wab a delegated Chief at the' kingdom, I declare, that whoever had. After charging tbi« body shall dare to attempt the same will with the purpose of rendering all be guilty of high treason, and as rifal power odious, by making such, subject to capital punishment. King and Despot synonymous whether he perform the same by terms, and with the cruel persecu- deed, by writmg, or by words.*' tioD df every one who had the The paper further commanded, firmness to contradict them ; his that until the restoration of public Majesty proceeded to declare his order, and the former system of abborrence and detestation of des- things, the present magistracies of potism ; bis intention to treat with towns, courts of law, tribunals of the procurators of Spain and the justice, ^c. should be continued; Indies, and after the re-establish- and that from the day of commu- ment of order, to assemble a legi- nicating this decree to the Presi- tjmate Cortes, in which laws might dent of the Cortes, that body should be enacted, scrvii^ as a rule of cease its sittings ; that all the acts actioo to bis subjects; and a de- and documents in its possession daration of bis royal views m the should be delivered up and dep(y« gorcnuDent with which he was sited under lock and seal in the about lo be vested. He spoke of town-hall of Madrid ; and de- the liberty and security of per- clared^ any one endeavouring m sons and property, and even touched any manner to obstruct the execu- npoo the freedom of the press, tion of this part of the decree, vicbin due limits; and he con- guilty of high treason, and liable to doded much indefinite matter of the punishment of death. It also tbif kind with saying, '* I declare pronounced the cassation of any that my royal intention is, not only pending proceedings in every tri- not to swear or accede to the said bunal of the kingdom, on accoant Coostitutioo, nor to any decree of of infraction of the Constitution ; the Ge^ieral and Extraordinary and the liberation of all who might Cortes, and of the Ordinary 4t have been arrested or imprisoned pteseot sitting, those, to wit, whiph on that ground, derogate frooi the rights and pre- It was manifest, that when a logativcf of my sovereignty, estab- Court, so little distinguished for fished by the constitution and the vigorous resolutions as that of Isws under which the nation, has SpaiUi ventured to issue a dechira- lifed in tioiet past, but to pronounce tion of open hostility against the that Constitution and such Decrees existing government, it must have noil and of noedect, now, or at. been well assured of the feeble my other time, and that they are hold possessed by that government Ciditly abrogated, and without any on the mind of the nation. lu obligation on my. people and sub- fact, notwithstanding the high en- )cctsto obaerve them* And as he comiums upon the noble and ele- vho should attempt to support vated spirit of thp Spanish peopte ti^f»nwill attack the prerogatives which have been so frequent since tiC my sovereignty and the bappi- they began to contend against ~ of the nation^ and cause 4is* French tyra^n^y, ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^' knowledgcd 70] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. knowledged that there arc few in- stances of so momentoos a contest supported with less courage and constancy j and as nothing could be more abject than the ^t sub- mission of the Aoyal Family and Nobles to foreign usurpation, so a listlessness and indifference was top apparent in the subsequent ef- |brts of the nadon, powerfolly aided as it was, to free itself fh)m the jroke. With respect to liberal and (enlarged ideas of Gofemment, there is no European nation in yrhicb they could be less expected to prevail, than in one so many ages pnder the sway of arbitrary power and bigotted superstition. The Constitution framed by the Cortes was a merely exotic production, generated in the heads of a few reading and speculative men, whose notions had little or no correspon- dence with the general feelings of the community. Hence, when assailed by the power of force and opinion always inherent in a mo- narcbyj having no effectual sup- port on the other side from popular attachment, it sunk without a struggle. It is affirmed in one ac- count, that as soonai the Governor of Madrid officially published Fer- dinand's Decree, the people joined him with enthusiasm, and the dis- solution of the Cortes did not ei^- perienco the slightest obstacle. No resistance was made, and in conse- quence, no blood was shed ; but on the night of the xoth, a great number of persons were arrested, whose names comprize almost all those who have rendered them- selves conspicuous for writings, or speeches, favourable to civil liberty, or adverse to ecclesiastical autho- rity, during the reign of the Cortes. The fidelity to the Royal cause dis* played by the capital was re^ by allowing it, in addition former titles of loyal and Im to take that of heroic, and i nicipal body, that of ExceHe The king nominated a mi among wham the first w Duke de San Carlos, the who signed his treaty wit naparte. A provisional reg was issued with regard liberty .of the press, and tl: Hcation of periodical pape: nature of which may ea conceived. Ferdinand entered Mad May i4tb -, and from the accounts it would appea never was a sovereign receiv bis capital with greater < strations of attachment. 1 pulace are said to have dn carriage all the way from joez to Madrid, seven 1 He afterwards traversed th< city on foot, by way of s his confidence in the Arrests mcanttmr continui as was then fondly hoped; as a measure of safety i rigour. It could not be that the church would be to profit of this change ; royal decree was issued, d that the king, being infbi the great scandal occasic the poverty and wretche the regular clergy, and con the advantages which resu state and the church fro being assembled in their tlve communities, orders convents, and property b< to them, to be restored, the intervention of the arc and bishops. Thus was a tablished that predominant religious ordm by whic GENERAL HISTOEY. [71 Mmhng hem iiDpovcriihed and ky 10 the ietten of ignoraoce ad sopeiitkion. The beads of coovettU, &c. displayed tbeir gra- titude bj addresses to bis Majesty ; aod pampblets of monkisb com- psiicioD began to appear^ iocol- catiog tbe doctrines and seoti- OKoCs suited to tbe renovated ante of tbe coontry. Tbe pre- faleot cry io tbe interior of Spain was " Long live Ferdinand!'* •^ Piemb the Constitution !" and it was with difficulty that violences ware preventied against persons koovo to have been attached to Ibe Cortes. The party of tbe Cortes^ bo«r- ever, was not tbe only object of tfai attention of tbe new govern- BMOC. A circolar was issued on llsy 30th, ironoi the ofiice of the smeiaiy of grace and justice, in whkb k was said, *' that tbe king bcmg infonned that many of those who had openly declared themselves the partizans and ft- foorcn of the intrusive govem- aMOt are preparing to return to Bpm» that some df tbem are at Madrid, and use in public those hadgea of distincdon which are dowed only to loyal and noerito- riena anhjects^ has resolved, in eider to avoid the consequendes which would follow, if leave to leieni were^pven to all those who SM m France, and who went forth sioof with Ibe troops of the in- ttnder who called himself kii^, to emok Ibe following artides/* Thaae leUrted to the classes and dbiinctiops of persons who were la be absi^tely escioded from re- mier.Bg the kiilgdom in coose- ^iwce of having borne offices, Iec. wader Joseph 1 to those who VW to be admitted 00 pertain restrictive canditiiona; aa4 to those (of the lower dasaos) who were to be freely restorad. The general strain of tbe articles dis- played considerable severity, whioh in this instance was not chflilleeable with any violation of gratitude. In the bf ginning of June» the minister of tbe Indies addressed a circuUir letter to the autboritie^ of the countries beyond the seas, acquainting them with the r^ storation of Ferdinand, and the abolition of the Cortes, with the alleged reasons for that measive. Afto* expressing the king's con- cern for the troubka which have brokoi out in the American pro- vioces, it mentions his intention of procuring full information of the excesses committed on both aides, after which, *' his Majesty, placing himself in the midst of his European and American children, will put an end to tbe dissentioDs which would never have taken place among them* but fer tbe absence and captivity of thetr common father.** Snch was the notice wftch the court thought proper to take of a breach in the Spanish empire, so threatening io its prosperity, and which must prove so per^dexing to its policy. If the Spanish populace were impatient to rush again into arbi- trary government, it is not to be aupposlBd that Spain was destitute of persons of better education, and more enlightened ideas, who viewed with di0erent feelings the violent noeasuces that had been adopted to obliterate every vestige of an authority founded on the principles of fireedom. Tbe most celebrated university in the kingip dom, that of Salamanca, pre^ fented in great soleinnity an ad- 7a] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. dress to the king, v6ry different from the ada:atory tributes which have usaally, in all oountries, been pftered by learned bodies to the throne; and portending iinportant political consequences, if sup- posed to represent the sentiments of a nucnerous class in the Spanish public. The following extracts are so honourable to the addressers that it would be an injustice not to record them. *' Reseated on the Ihrone of Spain, a throne pre- ^rved at the expense of such rivers of blood, your Majesty en- joys all your rights, and the nation may promise itself a futurity which will indemnify it for the sacrifices which it has made with so much courage and generosity. YeSf Sire, the nation expects from the reign of your Majesty the re- ward of its heroic devotedoess; but if that nation, solely given up tp its enthusiasm on the happy event of your restoration to its wishes, has neglected to be anx- iously careful about its future po- litical interests, the generosity of ' your Majesty is not less bound to fix on solid bases, the existence and the happine^ of your people. Voor Majesty has spoken. Tliese bases are already fi][ed in an irre- vocable manner : they rest on the • word of a Spaniard and a king. Real and personal property will be guaranteed by laws which secure good order, and the public tran- quillity. Every one shall enjoy that salutary liberty, the exercise of which is the first blessing of citizens under the temperate reign of a prince, who must be the father of hi^ subjects. The press also will enjoy that just liberty, which, whili^ it does not dege- nerate into licentiousness, suffices (or tho communication of usefiU ideas, and the progress oft he arCsaad sciences, the propagation of which enlightens the government itself, and tends to produce that mutoal. respect so necessary among all the meral>rn of society. The public taxes shall be fixed in concert with the representatives of the kingdom assembled in Cortes $ and with the concurrence of that body^ your Majesty will establish the laws, that are in future to deterr mine the rights of all the citixens." Who can here avoid recognizing the prospective view of a constitu- tion, possessing the.essentiak of a monarchy limited by laws, and by an authorized expression of. tho public uill ? In the meantime symptoms of dissatisfaction with the mcaaares of the court broke out in yarioiis. parts of Spain, and rumours were propagated, which agitated aien*8 minds, and tended to sprcj^ dis- content. Of these, notice was taken by Don Juan de Villavi- cienzo, captain-general and civil governor of Cadiz and its man- time province, in a proclamatioQ issued at Cadiz on July 8th. After reciting the substance of some of the rumours, such as war with England, and suspicions of war with France ; the arrival of the Father-king, and his offers to sign the constitution ; demands from the allied powers of its signature by Ferdinand ; and the like ; the proclamation declares all such ru- mours false and seditious, and fidr- bids. their pro|>agatioQ either by writing, or word of mouth, on pain of pnnifihmeni with all. the rigour of the laws, and caUs upoa all loyal subjects to give- informa- tion of ^ytry breach of ^hesc ia« junctions. Therestoration of arbitrary mo- narch/ GENERAL HISTORY. [73 narcbf in Spain was very natarallf foJJoved l^ the re-esUblishinent of tbecaait of Inquisition. The king poMiibed a decree at Madrid, dated July aist, with the follow- iog preamble. ''The glorious titje of Catholics, which distin- gaisbes os among all other Chris- tian princes, is due to the perse- veraoce of the kings of Spain, who aolerate io their states no religion boe the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman. Thia title impales on me the dot/ of rendering myself worthy of it, by all the means that Heaven has placed in my power.*' His Majesty pr€x:eeds to speak of the causes which have iojored the state of religion in his country, among which is men- tioned, " the sojournment of fo- rngn troops of different sects, almost all infected with sentiments of hatred against our religion;" and it is to be remarked, that this ii the only allusion he had made to ibe assistance afforded by England, in expelling the usurpers of his throDe and kingdom. He then dedaies, that for all these reasons he " has thought it necessary in the present circumstances, that the tribonal of t^ Holy Office aboold resume its jurisdiction;'* adding, as a further motive, its suppression by the Usurper of Europe, and by the General and Extraordinary Cortes. He re- rslabliahes the Supreme Council of the Inquisition^ and all its other tribqoals, in their powers, eodcaiastical and civil, according to the oriinances in force ii\ the Tear i8o8. He concludes, how- ever, with saying, that as soon as the Supfenoe Coiincil of the In- 4|owition shall be assembled, it is his intention tp appoint two of its members, with two members of the council of Castille, to exa- mine the modes of proceeding of the Holy Office, and if the interest of his subjects, or the rights of sound justice, require any reform or alteration, to report them to himself, that he may adopt reso- lutions conformable to the cir- cumstances. A royal ordinance was pub- lished in the beginning of Au- gust, by which the civil judges, superior and inferior, are forbid- den to make use of the torture towards criminals or witnesses in order to force confession. At the same time his Majesty directed that in the construction of pri- sons, attention should be paid to healthfulness as well as security, that the persons con6ned might not undergo an anticipated pu- nishment. The arrested mem- bers of the Cortes were at this period still detained in prison, and were said to bear their fate with a great appearance of fortitude. The pope's nuncio, who had been banished the kingdom, for his re- sistance to the abdlition of the in- quisition, had, as might be ex- pected, been recalled, and was enjoying the highest degree of court favour. An article in the French papers, dated Rome, it it may be relied on, is gratifying to humanity, as affording the expectations of a much milder future administration of the inquisitorial jurisprudence in Spain. It affirms that Ferdi- nand has addressed a memorial to the Pope, in which it is proposed to abolish the code called Dircc" torium Inquhitoriutn, and to .idopt the following rules. Mahometans, Jews, and other infidcL^^ no longer to 74] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. to be allowed to give testimony against Catholics aocoted of he- retf . Wives, children, relationn, -Mid domeatica, not to be admitted as witnesses in the ficat instance ; the torture not to be appited in anj case; the charges to be so specific, that slight or violent sus- picions of heresj cannot suffice for ordering the arrest of an indi- vidual ; the property of the con- demned in no case to fall to the Inquisition 5 the families of the condemned, to be admitted to in- heritance; the expenses of the Supreme Council to be defrayed out of the Royal Treasury. That great discontents were still prevalent in Spain, by which the govemoaent was kept in alarm, appeared not only from various accounts transmitted firom the dif- ferent provinces, but- especially from a general order and pro- damation, issued at Cadiz, in August by the captain-general, Villavicienao. ** My former pro- damations (he says) have pro- duced no effect. Traitors and disturbers of the public repose continue to mislead the people, who are always fickle and credu- lous. These offences can no longer remain unpunished. Justice shall in future be executed with the cderity which circumstances de- mand. I declare, that considering myself as in a state of war, a rnilitary commission is about to be immediately appointed, which shall (decide within the period of three (days a< farthest according to mili- tary forms; and I will cause to be brought before it every indivi- dual aroused of having, directly or indirectly, spoken against the so- vereignty of Ferdinand VII. or yiffko Is suspected of an^ other manoeuvre tending to mislead pub- lie opinion." A measure so violent and arbitrary as that t>ere declared, must have proceeded dtber firom some very urgent danger, or fimn the despotic character of the maD } and if it dkl not edfectaaliy inti- midate, must certainly have aug- mented the fbfce of disafieciioi. From some private aocooMa we learn that it had been preceded hj party tumults, and that several executions were the result. I'be policy of streogtheoii^ flie power of the crown by that of tbe church, was in the meandne M#« sued without intermission. Bym royal decree, the tribunal of the Rota of the Apostolic Nuncio was installed on Angus! sad, oo wfakh occasion its members, by the mouth of the dean of the* tribcmal, made a very loyal address to the king. Enumerating the advan- tages which will aocrue finom the re-establlahment of tbia eowt, they observe, that ''concord be* twren the priesthood and the go- vernment bring thus aeeured, tte bases of the tranquillity md safety of the state can no longer be shaken ; for the philosophera of the day have obstinatdy sought to disturb that concord, only the better to succeed in overthrowing successivdy the altar and the throne.*' It was to be expected, that the state of war which had ao long been subsisting in a great part o( Spain, and which had been oatw ried on for the most part by irre- gular and nearly independeiit bodies, under the name of Goo- rillas, would termiuale tn Um formatioD of numerous bands of robbers, by which the internal ^uiet of the kingdom would be iniicii GENERAL HISTORY. [75 tnocti (Eftarbed, after it bad been fraerf/rom the poblic enemy. The hi^ toads were so mnch infested fcf tbeae banditti^ that several caimi having petitioned govem- meilt to take efiectual nieasares for tbe sapprestion of this evi)^ a Ibfoe of infantry and cavalry was •cot in the month of September, foto the provinces of the two Cas- dBeiy Estremadura, Andalusia, Arragon^ Valencia, and Catalonia, lor the eztennination of tbe of- ftxftdeiB. At the same time an tAcial order was issoed, empower- ing tbe commanders of these troofM to act without waiting for oitlen from the governors of the piuf luces, and establishing in each a permanent conncil of war, by wMch ail persons arrested were to be iminediatdy tried ; and it was \, that '' the confh>ntuig of leneawas not necessary, un- the advocate of the accused flboold represent it as indispensably leqtiinte for their vindication.*' Tbe aeotences of this court were to be oommunicated to the go- venscr of the province, and unless lie disapproved, execotion was to lake pwe without delay. But in caie of resistance by force, the enecmion might be ordered by the nrilkary commission, without any other authority. It can scarcely be doubted, that this arbitrary figOBT was chiefly <^rected against iDore formidable msurgents than luMiers on the highway. In tbe meantiiDe tbe political discontents srppear to have been increasing in tbe capital, wliere, in the night lief ween the i6th and 17th of September, ninety persons were anVsted and committed to custody. Tbe prisons not being capacious encKigh to contain thon all, the Franciscan convent was converted into a state prison ; and the alarm excited by these measures, induced many persons to take refuge in France. The province of Navarre at length became the seat of an in* surrection which appeared in a truly formidable aspect. The ^ mou9 partizan, Espoz de Mina, who had so much distinguished himself in tbe war by his enters- prize and courage, was at the head of a body of troops in that province, and had fallen under tbe suspicion of government. It ap- pears from the proclamation of the viceroy of Navarre, that an order had been sent from court on Sep- tember i6tb, signifying that Mina should be regarded as a retired officer, and fix his residence in Pampelona, and that tbe troops serving under liim should be placed at the disposal of the captain general of Arragon, and distributed by him in the towns under his command. This order was communicated to Mina on the 23d by the viceroy, who at the same time sent a dispaich to the governor of Arragon, stating the urgent necessity of transferring Mina's troops to other quarters. On the 25lh, he was informed bjr the Arragon courier, that he had been stopped by two horsemen, who had taken away his bag of letters. Mina, who bad signified to tbe viceroy his purpose of obeying the order, and coming to Fsmpeluna, approached that city on the night of the c6th, at tbe head of the first regiment of vo- lunteers, provided with ladders to scale the ramparts, and having concerted his plan with the chiefs of the 4th regiment^ in garrison in 76] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. in the place. Accompanied bj hh Dcphewy he spent a part of the night upon the ramparts, con- ferring with bis partisans, and ex« pecting movements in his favour j but it appears that he had not sufficiently prepared his own offi- cers for the attempt^ for tlicy sent one of their number to inform the viceroy of the transaction, and to assure him of their fidelity to the government. In conclusion, Mina found it necessary to retire, fol- lowed by those who were most attached tor him, and take the road of Pnenle la Reyna, where, it is said, there was a great fer- ment among his soldiers, a part of whom quitted his standard. The viceroy published a procla- mation addressed to the deputirs of the province, informing them of these events ; and another pro- clamation, to the people of Na- varre, was issued by the bishop and two other persons in autho- rity, in order to excite their loy- alty. - A royal ordinance issued by Ferdinand on Sept. 15th, exhi- bited a further progress in that • system of bringing every thing back to its former state, which seems to be leading, or rather the sole, policy of his government. It recites, that by a decree of the General and Extraordinary Cortes, on Augtist 6th, 181 1, all juris- dictional seignories of whatever class wxre incorporated with the nation, and all payments both real and personal, which owed their origin to a jurisdictional title, were abolished, with the exception of such as proceeded from free con- tract, in the exeicise of the right of property ; abolishing also the privileges called exclusive^ priva- tive, or prohibitive, such as those of the chase, fishing, ovens, and mills : that in this state of things, representations had been made to him by various grandees of Spain, and titulars of Castiile, juriadic* tional lords of townships in Arra- gon, Valencia, and other pro- vinces, complaining of the rob* beries suffered by them under pre* tence of the said decree, in the enjoy meut of the rights and pay- ments reserved to them ; demand- ing restitution, and some of them praying the nullity of the decree : that the said memorials bad been referred to the council of stale, and the law-officers of the cfbwn, in consequence of whose recom* mendation and advice, bis Ma« jesty orders, that the said jurisdic- tioual lords be immediately re- placed in the enjoyment of all tha rights, emoluments, &c. belonging to their territorial and roanoiial seignory^and of all the other righta which they enjoyed prior to Aog. 6th, 181 1, and which do not de- rive their origin from jiuisdictioa and exclusive privileges : with* out prejudice to what he maj hereafter resolve, as to the nnllitT, continuance, or revocation of the said decree of the Cortes, abolish* ing seignories. If the immediate operation of this ordinance was in many re- spects to render strict justice ac- cording to existing laws, the hope manifestly held out of a falnie revocation of the popular decree of the Cortes, was a bait ofiered to the nobility of the kingdom, to secure their attachment to the renewed order of things. On the- other hand, the king, whose na- tural disposition appears to be frank and conciliating, studied to ingratiate GENERAL HISTORY. [77 iagratiate himself with the public by 3cts of condescensioD and kind- nes!. Farticubrlyy it is related tkst, OD the rooming of October 4th, he Tinted the royal prison of Madrid, and examined its different departmental inquiring into the cases of some who were detained for alight offences^ and giving them their discharge, and ordering the detnolition of a horrible part called the Grillera, destined to so- litary oonfinement. The high character formerly sQstaiaed by General Mina cannot fail to interest readers in his fate, Dotwffhfcanding bis failure in an enterprize perhaps rashly under- taken^ and the precise object of vfaich is only matter of conjee- tore. We therefore subjoin the following particalnrs respecting biro, taken firom a French account. His nephew, a gallant young man, after the miscarriage at Pam- pelana, took refuge at Pau with keteral officers attached to him snd his uncle, and having pre- sented himself at the police-office, addresKd a memorial to Louis XVIII. Id this he represented that he had constantly supported the BomixMi cause in Spain, and that his great object had been to effect their restoration to the Spa- ni^ throne on the basb of a free constittition -, that such a constitu- 6an had been acknowledged by the whole nation, but that Fer- £nand, unmindful of the blood which had been shed in his cause, had peisecoted with the greatest i^oor those patriots who had most exerted themselves in his behalf, and had plunged the nation in the greatest calamities. On €its account, he (Mina) with many of his con^>anions in arms had made an exertion in support of the constitution, but having failed, they now applied to his Majesty to grant them hospitality in France, or to furnish them with passports to any other country then Spain. About this period, Espoa* de Mina arrived in Pjris with four or five of his officers, and applied under fictitious names for pass- ports to Count de Casa Flores, the Spanish Charg6 d* Affaires. Being recognized by one of the legation, notice was given to the Count, who amused Mina till he had obtained from the French commissary of police an order for his arrest. The French minister for foreign affairs, apprized of the fact, caused the commissary to be arrested in turn for having vio« lated the laws of France, by obey- ing the order of a foreigner, who had no authority whatever in the kingdom. The king was then informed of the whole affair, and directly ordered Mina to be li- berated, and dismissed the com- missary from his office; and in consequence of what subsequently passed, the Spanish Charge d*Af- faires was ordered to quit the French territory. Nothing could be more honourable to Louis and his ministers than the proceedings on this occasion. Another instance of the preva^ lent policy in the Spanish govern- ment of reverting to old institu- tions, was given by re-investing the council of *the Mesta in its former function, by which the flocks of Merino sheep will be per- mitted, as formerly, to traverse all Spain, notwithstanding the injury thence accruing to agriculture, which has been demoiistrated by various enlightened writers. 78] ANNUAL REGISTER, 18 On October 14, being thekiag*s birtb day, he attended the theatre M Madrid, to the f^reat satis^- tion of the Aermc inhabitants of the capttaL The dramatic piece se- lected for the occasion is entitled ^ Giles with tLc Green Breeches/' which certai.f iy does not indicate any thing very elevated. On the same day his Majesty pnblished an amnesty in fevour or all persons detained in prison, or fugitives firom the kingdom, on account of any other crimes than those recited in a copious list, including high treason, divine and human, resist- ance to justice, peculation in the fi- nances, and other dcfiiults, which would exdude from the benefit ail^ the subjects of the late arrests. In the mean time these arrests were still going on, and included seve- ral distinguished general ofHcers ; while frequent changes in the ministry denoted the unsettled state of public aflairs^ and the im- becility of the monarch. One of these instances of despotic violence was displayed on Nov. 7th, when the king in person repaired to M. de Macanaz, minister of justice and of the interior^ and putting seals upon all his papers> ordered him to go to prison. Nothing could more decisively exhibit the weakness and petty policy of the king or his ministry, than the importance given to a pamphlet by M. Amoros, entitled " Repre- sentation to Ferdinand VII.*' The Supreme Council being ordered to take measures for seizing all the copies of this work, circulars were sent to all the tribunals, civil and criminal, and to the prelates and clergy, enjoining them to carry into eflPect his Majesty's wishes concerning it. In consquence, the work was very generally read, and many copies of it wei in manuscript. Conl this exercise of the ao^ thority, the govemme collection of all the pa recorded the operatio Cortes, especially the 1 nals entitled '^ 1* Albesa dactor." " el Conciso,' versal," &c. and cause be conveyed in two car square in Madrid, wher committed to the flami the formalities former! at an auto dafi, A more important ro: ever, had long been consideration of the Sp stry, which was, the fi an expedition for the r the revolted provinces America. Various obi curred to this undertaki from the exhausted st finances, and the public but late in the year tl tions appear to have b completed, and the foil count was given of it conduct and destination pedition, under the co General Morillas, was t Cadiz in three divisions^ by a ship of the line, tv and a brig, and the isl Catharine was appoints general rendezvous. Fj the troops were to embs Grande, and having pn that river in small vessc it is navigable, they wer over land, and undertak< of Maldonado, a place oi miles to the east of Mon which the naval force i operate. In December the sent the state prisoners was i lie at Madrid. Twent' GENERAL HISTORY. [79 loof vaeoondeiDoed to the gal- Jicf ibr two, M, or eight jean, or to stnag castlea for longer or i&orter periods: among these wot ooooprized prietts, military joen, ci?il officers, literary per- ms, and especially the journalists under the Cortes, who supported thdr system. Two j^amalists, the Aon of the '< Redactor General,'* aid two professocs, were sentenced Id the gallies at Carthagena for ten mn, under pain of death on leav- wg the precincts. Fines and coafacations weie added in some The king, about the same time, issued a decree granting an honorary decoration to those whoso attachment to his person during his arrest at the £scurial exposed them to imprisonment and eule under the influence of Godoy. A subsequent decree recognized the distinguished merit of Don Pedro Gravina, the Pope's nuncio, and archbishop of Nicea, who signalized himself by his opposition to the Cortes in their abolition of the Inquisition, and underwent ba- nishment in consequence. Aca- nonry of Seville was confcrrcMi on him as a reward. CHAP. 80] ANNUAL REGISTER; CHAPTER Vtl. Return of the Pope to Borne, '^His measures for restoring the t ticai Authority andfroferty of the Church, '^Re-establtshes h of Jesuits. — Festivals renexved. — Suppression of Freeniasom c secret Societies* — Re-estaOiishment of the regular Orders,^— Sardinia restored to his territorial PoAsessions, — Genoa annex Dominions, "^Austri/m occupation of the rest of the North of Milan, Venice. Italim regiments renim>ed to Germany,'^ ^^Measures pursued by Kwg Joachim. — His Occupation qf the Papal Territory, — Alliance rvithAustria.'^Sicily, — Rem Authority by the King, — Proceedings of its Pcurliament, OF all the Sovereigns whom the subversion of die tyranny of Buonaparte restored to their do- minions, no one appears to have resumed his authority with the re- solution of exercising it more fully to its former extent, than Pope Pius VII. In his proclamation is- sued at Cezena, on May 5, pre- viously to his return to Rome, he applied to himself the ancient title of *' God's Vicar on Earth;*' he spoke of his temporal sovereignty as essentially connected with his «iritual supremacy ; and acquaint- his people, that although lie could not at this moment resume the exercise of it in all the nncient possessions of the church, he did not doubt shortly to recover them, being confident not less in the in- violability of his sacred rights, than in the justice of the Allied So- vereigns. A proclamation issued at Rome by the apostolic delegates on May 15, declared in the nam Holiness the abolition of ( Napoleon, and the restoi the former pontifical, c criminal code ; also, the sion of what was called ' state 3 and that all the fun &c. of every corporation placed under the adminisi a commission formed of i tics, which commission 1 diat^y, "even previoud; examination of the respe legitimate rights,*' toresto un-aliepated property of gious establishments, and the regulars of each sex t a two months' pension, ai vide for the public servi churches. The Pope, on his functions in person, i pital, at first contented with requiring the reti those who had taken pa late usurped government bade by a proclamation GENERAL HISTORY. [81 bf individaab into the late tTanactkm, reserving to bimftelf ajipmoeediogs against the culpa* hk, Sofib trlesiastics as bad taken ibt asrh to Buonaparte were or- denod (0 disclaim it, on pain of be- iog suspended from all divine offi- ces. A commission was appointed io Juij ibr the purpose of making iitpon on the property termed na- obittJ, or extraordinary domains, ^iiicb had been ceded to compa- aies that were creditors of tbe Aench government, or had been iold by agents oi the financial ad- noioittration. On August 7, that event so ttHlXMtant to the Church of Booie, and which peculiarly marks the apirit of the present pontifi- cals, tbe re&torr^ion of tbe order of Jeaoits was publicly declared. When it is considered that the mppretsion of this Order in '773» v^^ effected by the com- pnlnoa of the Sovereigns of the of Boarbon, and was the of that jealous) of its pmtr, and detestation of its prin-r dplo, which then seemed almost aivoml in the Catholic world, it out appear a measure of eitilBor- kmrf boldness in a Pontifif but JBtt restored to his own authority, tD become the renovator of a body hidy so obnoxious. Tbe Jesuits, indeed, mtctc always regarded as the oKMt devoted satellites of the Ke of Rome ; whence it is not to ht wondered at that their revival was a desirable object of tbe papal Mrt } but the policy of effecting it ID so precipitate a manner, and bf a mere exertion of ecclesiastical mhorit}', appears very questiona- Ue. Tbe ceremonial- observed on this great occasion is thus de- iciibed. His Holiness, un Sunday, Mgnst 7, " went to the church of Vol. LVI Jesus.to celebrate high mass at the . altar of St. Ignatius. After hear- iug another mass, he proceeded to the neighbouring oratory of the congregationofnobltrs, where lie was seated on a throne ■ pre- pared for him. He then handed to the master of the ceremonies, and caused him to read with a loud voice, a bull for the re-establish- ment of the company of Jesuits.'* This memorable piece (see State Papers) begins with reciting, that Francis Karen and other members of the suppressed company resi- dent in the empire of Russia, hav- ing entreated his permission to unite themselves in a body for the purpose of being able more pasily to carry on public instruction, and their request receiving the recom- mendation of the Emperor Paul, his Holiness had by brief, dated March, iSoi, granted them per- mission accordingly, and authorized them to resume and follow the rule of St. Ignatius, of I^yola: that shortly after, at the request of Ferdinand, King of Sicily, the same favour had been granted to the Jesuits in his dominions : that the Catholic world now demand- ing with unanimous voice, as com- municated by daily petitions from archbishops, bishops, &c. the re- establishment of the same order, he should deem himself guilty of a great crime towards God if he re- fused now to do what he wished he had done at the commencement of his pontificate. He therefore de- crees, that all the ooncessions and powers granted to the company in Russia and Sicily shall be extended to his ecclesiastical states, and to all other states ; he confers ui^qq them all the privileges they for- merly possessed, takes them and their property under the inmiediate [G] . tutcla^rii S'2] ANNUAL REGISTER, 18-14. tutelage of the Holy See, and abro- gates all constitutions and ordi- nances to the contrary, espfcially the brief of Clement XIV. (Gan- gaiielli). After the reading of the bqll, the Jesuits present xvere ad- mitted to kiss the Pope's feet -, and an act was afterwards read con- cerning the restitution of the pa- . trlmony of the Jesuits in funds still existing, and provisional com- pensations for alienated property. f' Thus (says the Dior to Romano) ended a ceremony eternally glo- rious and memorable!'* That, however, this restoration was not universally approved even at Rome, appeared from a number of satiri- cal pieces circulated on tlie oc- casion. In the progress of re-establishing every thing ancient, which was the predominant principle of the re- vived papal governmrnt, the ma- gisfwcy of Rome publislied an or- dinance by which the faithful were apprised that all the festivals ob- served before the incorporation of the city with -the French empire, were restored. Another more puerile example of the same policy was given by a rescript, which announced that the lamps intro- duced by the late Government- were suppressed. The streets of Rome were formerly lighted by the flambeaux and lanterns placed by devotees uuder the numerous images erected at the corners and crossings, as well as those at the * doors of private houses ; and it was thought proper to renew this mode, iiowever irregular, as gratifying to pious feelings, and costing nothing to the Government. It was in a more enlighte* ed spirit that the Governor made known that the placet called sanctuaries were no longer to aflTord seoority to crimt* nals. In every arbitrary govern^ mcnt, secret meetings, and awtia^ tions of i^rsons connected by ritei or engagements known only to themselves, are abjects of partico- lar jealousy, it being justly con- cluded that where men are restrain- ed from expressing their opinions openly, ihey will namrally seek such occasions of propagating ihem in private; On this account, the societies of Free Masons, which among us no one suspects of aerious or dangerous intent ions, have been regarded in many parts of the Con- tinent as instituted for the purpose of fostering innovations in churchy or state ; and it appears that tMider this idea they \« ere peculiarly ob- noxious to the Rciuan govemnaenC, Cardinal Pacca, Pro-secretary of State, published in August an edict prohibiting, under very severe pe- nalties, all assemblies of secret ao- cieties, especially of that of Free Masons. At the same time the greatest encouragements mhm ofiered to all who should k>ecome informers \ and they urre told bj his Holiness, that there wasnothiDjg wrong or dishonourable tn soch* denunciations, since they were equally important to the ^ith and the state. In consequence, nianjr persons have been committed to prison, or otherwise punished. It was by no means to the Je- suhs that this zealous Pope limited his purpose of re-establishing the religious orders fallen to decay in the late revolutionary times. Sen- sible that all the monastic comniu- nities were attached to tlte See of Rome as their head, and regarding them as the firnaest pillars of the churdi, he had firoro the time of his restora(ioD| dedarpd his inten- tion GENERAL HISTORY. [«3 iwa of re-instatiDg tbetn, as far as waa io bit power, in iheir ancient rooaeqiMnce; aod Cardinal Pacca, ou August 15 tb, issued an edict, deelanlorf of bis HolincsB*8 views 00 this subject. After representing a» oat ci tbe greatest calamities of the time, tbe alnoost total dnoihio latioD of tbese religious societies, aod scaling tbe Holy Fat bcr*s ear- scat wishes to repair tbe diiscbief, the edict proceeded to mention the Eoany obstacles wbich at present opposed bis designs, and the means te had io riew to overcome them. A oonHniflsion bad been appointed te ioreatigating tPtery thing con- aecced with the re-establishment ef the regular orders, which bad thdr plan to his Holt* I bat as circumstances would not permit their renewal in all the pootifical states, it was proposed ID make a commencement at Rome, where aH the disposable convenu wcce to be given them, in which the aoperiors might be lodged, and " the greatest possible number of monks asserobkd.*' A hope was alsD exptessed, that from the reli- gion of the governments, and the seal of the bish(^>s» of tbe catholic world, thejr would |iatronize the citabliahmeat of these assylums of ebri^iao piety and evangelical per- fisction. Nothing more of importance was reported from Rome during thepfcsent fear; and it does not ^pear that the Pope's monastic policy has met with mticb counte- nance from the principal Catholic Fowers. We do not learn that any of them have concurred in tbe plan of recalling the Jesuits to their diNniaions ; and it is not probable thai in the present general derange- pt^ of finances, aoj of ^em will be led by their zeal to undertake tbe arduous task of re-estafaiishing the other religious orders in their alienated possessions. The bishop of Rome is securely re-seated on his pontifical throne, and will pro* babiy recover tbe greatest part of his temporalities ; but neither hit character, nor the spirit of the times, are likely to restore tbe pa* pal see to much influence over the aflairs of £arope. Among the restitutions defini* tively agreed upon previously to the meeting of the grand Congress^ was that of the Italian territories formerly possessed by the sovereign house of Sardinia. The Austrian Lieutenant-General Count Bubna, published at Turin a declaration in t he name oft be Allied Powers, da ted Paris, April 35, and addressed to the subjects of the continental States of the King of Sardinia, in wbich they are informed that they are about to return under the domi* nion of that august family; and that, in virtue of a convention con* eluded with France, the Austrian troops are to take possesssion of the country in tbe name of Victor Emanuel ; and till the arrival of his Sardinian Majesty, his States will be administered by a military governor charged with their de« fence, and by a civil governor, assisted by a council of regency. In tbe same declaration Count Bubna was nominated to the for* mer post, and the Count de St* Marsan to tbe latter. Tbe King of Sardinia arrived at Genoa on May 12, whence he issued a pro^ clamation to his Italian subjects, announcing the recovery of his rights, and assuring to ihem every attention on his part to rrstore the country to a prosperous state. [G 2] He 84] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. He particularly mentioned his pur- taken u!ider the former govern^ pose to relieve them from thrir ex- mcnt ; and several persons were orbitant taxes, to promote com- appointed to impor tan t judicial and merce and agriculture, and to re- administrative posts who had beeu iFivethclustreoftheir holy religion; cmployetl by the French autho* I and he announced the abolition of rities. the military conscription. His The occupation of Genoa by an Majesty enteredTurin on the 20th, English army in the month of amidst the acclamations of the April has already b(n;n meniioned. Seople. Having no force under LordW.Bentinckat that time issued is own command, his territories a proclamation importing that, continued in the military possession "Considering it to be the universal of tbp Austria ns, >vhilst theorga- desire of the Genoese nation to nization of the native troops was return to that ancient governnaeiic carrying into eflect. At length, in under which it enjoyed liberty, August, the Emperor of Austria prosperity, and independence; directed the entire evacuation of considering also that this desire Cheprovinces of Savoy by hb troops, seems to be conformable to tho and the King determined upon the principles acknowledged by the re-establishment of the senate of high allied Powers, to restore to all that Duchy. The citadel of Turin their ancient rights and privileges,*' had previously been occupied by he declared the constitution of the the Sardinian troops, and the strong Genoese States, which existed in fortress of Fentstrclla was deliver- the year 1797, re-established -, and ed up to the Commissioners of his he accordingly appointed a provi* Majesty. Difficulties, however, sional Government upon its prio- appear to have occurred in com- ciples. The city continued in the pleting the Piedmontese army, and possession of the British troops^- although the King conferred upon and under the adroinistratioD of the provinces their ancient privi- the provisional Govemmeot, till leges of forming regiments under the niouth of December, when the their names, and even gave them Marquis de Carail, Aide de Camp to their old titular proprietors, it to the King of Sardinia, arrived at was found no easy task to keep Turin from his father, Sardioian them to their colours. The vallies Minister at the Congress ot ViexiDa» were said at this lime to be in- with the information, that by a. festtd by banditti which required protocol signed on the i4tb,by the a regular force for their suppres- Plenipotentiaries of the Powers sion, and Austrian garrisons still composing the Congress, the ces- held the towns of Ivree and sion of Genoa and ail the coontry Alexandria. The long occupation had been decisively fixed, and that of Piedmont by France had, ap- it had been agreed that his Majesty parently, fostered a Freuclj interest might make the arrangements be in that country, which obstructc:d should judge advisable for their it5 ready return to itsaucientalle- organization, and consider them aa giance. The King, however, acted detinitivcly united to his States.-— with prudence and moderation. — An order was ac the same time No one was disturbed for the part st:nt to the English General at GeDoi^ GENERAL HISTORY. 1185 Genoa to give up the government to the person commissioned by the King of Sardinia to receive it, and to consider his corps as auxiliary lo that sovereign. With respect- to this disposition, the following extract from a dispatch of Lord Castlercagh to Colonel Dalrymple, comnoander of the British troops at Genoa, has been published as by au* thority : — "I exceedingly regret, as well as do all the ministers, the not being able to preserve to Ge- noa a separate existence without tbe risk of weakening the system adopted for Italy, and consequently exposing its safety; but we are persuaded that by the mode adopted we have provided much more strongly for the future tranquillity of Genoa, and tbe prosperity of her commerce. The generous disposi- tions of the king of Sardinia, whose ardent desire it is to fulfil u much as possible the wishes of the Genoese, will be to them the most certain pledge of their being placed ander the protection of a paternal and liberal government. 1 have no doubt, that under these oFcnmstances, the Genoese of every class will receive thU dcci- tioD as a benefit, and will conform with pleasure to arrangements which conciliate their ovtrn in- terests with those of the rest of Europe.'* Thus has another state been transferred to a new master without considering its coiistnt as 10 the lease necessary to the vali- dity of such an act ; and from tboK examples^ a conclusion may be formed of the nature of that prindple, which is to regulate the decisions of that congress which ^o^ so long held all £urofje in a state of anaious expeetaiiou. The annexation of all the'other districts in the North of Italy to the Austrian dominion appears to- ha ve been a further measure equally determined upon in the councib of the allied powers before they as-» sembled in congress. In an arti- cle of intelligence from Venice,, we are told that the Emperor, by. a note in bis own hand-writings dated May 13th, informed the Grand Chancellor of Bohemia, that the union of all Lombardy, and the £x-Venetian states, to the Aus- trian monarchy had been defini- tively settled ; which important news was immediately commtini« cated to the prince .of Reuss* Plauen, civil and military go^ vernor for the Emperor in Italy. From Milan, the principal seat of the imperial government in Lombardy, accounts have occa- sionally been transmitted, of dis- orders which, though perhaps ex- aggerated, sufficiently denote the existence of discontents in that quarter ; and indeed, it is well known, that the principle of poll*, tical independence has many zea- lous advocates in those parts of Italy, which from ancient times have been accustomed to local and popular autl)orities> and have al- ways regarded as an usurpation the yoke of foreign dominion. A proof of the jealousy entertained on this head was given by the publication of a decree, in conse^ quence of orders from the Aus- trian, court to the provisional re^ gency of Milan, rigorously prohi- biting all secret societies, such as lodges of free masons, and other associations, whose objects are not precisely known, and whose disci- pline and proceedings are enve«r loped in mystery. The 863 ANNUAL llEGISTER, 1814. The final terminatian of the an- be atrributed to the preient qd* cient republic of Venice^ so long settled statr of Europe, the mistress of the Adriatic, in a Near the close of the year a maritime dependency of Austria, measure was adopted by the Aus- may be concluded from the £m- trian government in Italy, whichr peror's reply to an address pre- may be understood as clearly de* aented by a Venetian deputation, noting suspicions prevalent with as published in the Court Gazette respect to the attachment of the of Vieoua, August 37th. '' When natives. *' The decision (says an Venice (says his imperial Ma- article from Milan) which haa iesty) in consequence of the po- been long expected, and wbick litical events which shook Europe, endeavours were made to avert bjr was united to my empire, this very humble representations, baa atate preserved, under my govern* at length appeared. The Italiaa ment, the same spirit of order regiments, in consequence of aa which, in former times, had been order from the Emperor of Aaa« the basis of its republican con- tria, must quit their country, aod stitution. The unhappy situadon march to do duty in the Austrian of the world at that epoch neces- provinces. This news waa no sarily impeded the measures and sooner known to be authentic, the activity of all governments, than it struck families with alarm^ These disastrous times are passed, and increased desertion still more.** I now find you such as I left you, The article concludes with a prob- and no obstacle can interpose to clamation from fiaron Suden, the rrevent the execution of the plans military governor of Brescia, in- have formed for your happiness, forming all the corps of bis brigade Your provinces wUl always t^ one of the £mperor*s determination of the brightest gems in my to quarter them in Germany, aod crown. They shall recover their calling upon the men to observe ancient prosperity : commerce, re- strict discipline, 'and to " detest autning its rights, shall be restored that shameful desertion of which to its former channels : the in- too many of their comrades have dostry of a good people shall be been guilty.*' The places of the aupportedand encouraged by mild Italian regiments sent beyond the and protecting laws : Venice shall Alps were supplied by Austrian regain her rank among the first troops, which were continually ar- cities in the world." How far this riving in the provinces of Italy bdd last prediction can be verifkd b^ the emperor, under an arbitrary monarchy, fu- Of all the present sharers in the turily must determine. The last dominion of Italy, the king of accounts from Venice certainly Naples, Joachim, is apparently aftbrd little hope of such a fa- placed in the most critical and vcfurable change. They assert that uneasy situation. A mere soldier the commerce of the city is al- of fortune, with no other title dun most annihilated, scarcely any his sword, he cannot but be re* vessels now clearing from its port, garded by the jftrgular and heredi^ or from those on the coast of the tary tovoreigiis . of Europe as an Adriatic. But this may in part intruder into their dignity, and a remaining GENERAL HISTORY: [87 retnsining encepdon to that prin- ciple of reiaro to the aocient order of ibtngft which gorems the politi- cal moveciieDtsol the time. CloseLjr bor.iered on one side by a perpe- Xomk oompetitor for b\% dominions in the King of the Two Sicilies^ and fiQ thr other by the head of the Catholic religioo» from whom he withholds part of the patri- mooyof the cbarcb, and both of whc«9 have powerful supporters, be ia obliged to exercise constant vigihoce against the attempts of fonce or policy. In this situation, bia sole reliance must be on the attachment of his subjects $ and he appears not to have been inatten- tive to the means of acquiring this adnmtage afforded him by the no- torioos defects of the former Nea- politan government. The Coun- cil of State and the Court of Cas- ntion having waited on him upon the 8th of May, he made an ad« dreai to the former, in which he Mid, '' The independence of our ooontry is ensured : I propose to ensQie its prosperity also, by a constitution, which shall be at the same time a safeguard to the throne, and to the subject. The bases of it shall be fixed agreeably to the opinions of the most en- fighteoed statesmen of the king- dom.** He repeated the same smdments to the Court of Cas- sation; adding, doubtless to in- spite confidence, *' There are no sacrificea, no efforts, which I hate not made to ensure the independ- enoe of the Neapolitans; it is henceforth guaranteed by the peace of Europe, and by my rela- tions with the sovereigns with viMxn I am in alliance." At the same time there was published at AacQoa an Order of the. Day constituting, for the present, the banks of the Metauro the sepa- ration of the countries occupied by the Neapolitan army, from the do- minions of the Pope. In August it was announced from Rome, th;it thb Neapolitans still keep possession of the mar- quisate of Ancona, Macerata, and Ferrara ; and that the benefits of the revolution in the affairs of Europe are not felt there, the priests being imprisoned, respecta- ble persons ill treated, and their property confiscated. Joachim, indeed, was not one of tlie sove- reigns from whom a restoration of the church to its former splendour was to be expected. In order probably to free himself from ob- ject! of suspicioti, the king issued a decree relative to strangers, in consequence of which more than a thousand foreigners in employ- ment quitted the country, and 500 petitions for naturalization were presented to the government, which was directed to examine them with the most scrupulous attention. The Neapolitans are said to have been much gratified with this measure. Some parti- sans of the old government were arrested, who were, doubtless, the persons alluded to in the article from Rome. The official journal of Naples at this tiipe mentioned the arrival of a prince Molitemo at Rome, who, not being able to obtain a passport for Naples, had established himself at that capital, in order to foment intrigues in the Neapolitan kingdom. For this purpose he bad associated to him- self a few restless spirits, whom he had made the ageota of a con- spiracy directed against the Marche V Anccoa and the Abniazos. 88] ANNUAL REGISTER, rtl4. The journal treats these machina- tions with great contempt j we learn, however, soon after, that the army of Naplrs had been raised to its full complement of 50,000 men, corps of which were daily reviewed by his Majesty. The military division of Naples, on September ist, presented a very loyal address to king Joachim, in which they affirm the sentiments of the army to be " eternal at- t'ichment to his Majesty and his dynasty, entire obedience to his orders, and inviolable fidelity to his throne ;** and they pledge their lives to his service, after the ex- ample of all their brothers in arms who have had the honour of serving under him. That he might not appear indifferent to those devotional feelings which, in the midst of the grossest licen- tiousness, the Neapolitans are no fond of indulging, Joachim and his c]ueen, with all the royal fa- mily, paid a visit in great cere- mony to the sanctuary of the Vfrgiti, called the Foot of the Grotto, and displayed all the usual marks of piety on the occasion. About the close of September, Neapolitan troops were continu- ally arriving at Ancona by sea and land. Nothing could now be of greater importance to Joachim than to secure the friendship of the Emperor of Austria, with whom their co-operation before . the termination Of the war had connected him more intimately I ban with any other power. The Dtikeof Rocca-Romana, his Mas- ter of the Horse, having bf en sent on a mission to that emperor, ar- rived at Portici on October 29th, on his return, bringing with him a riKi£catioo of the ti^paty of aWt- ance bettveeo the two powen, ti^ getber with assarmcei of the £01- peror*8 constant friendship^ and hb unalterable disposidoa to sopfwit by ail the means in his power the interests of bis ally, and the tzao- quillity of Italy. The aocoDoli from Naples in the remainder of the year relate dobtotu nioveineoti of the troops towards the terrilo> ries of the church. The latt, dated from Fundi, December 4th, mentions that the corps of re- serve, organised at Naples aad Benevento, and 20,000 strong, wa put in motion, and that the ad- vanced guard was expected on the next day in Fundi. Also, that tbe two divisions of Macdonald whid^ had returned to the Abmzzoi, had been ordered to advance ; and the three divisions of Campana which occupied the Marche of Ancona, had been directed to hold themselves in readiness. It «as supposed that the king in pecsoo would set out on January 1st. la this increasing state of preparatioOi of which, however, no distinct object was assigned, the' year closed. Theisland of Sicily, which thecir- cumstances of the war had so long almost converted into an English garrison, naturally returned toiti pristine condition after the peace; and in the beginning of Jaly, it was announced from Palermo, that his Majesty Ferdinand II L had res- sumed the reins of government, and that every thing was changed in the ministry and adminbtration. On the 1 8th of that month, the Sicilian parliament was opened in great state by the king in perron, and n speech in his name was read to the assembled bouses. It is chiefly observable from the notice taken GENERAL HISTORY. [89 I it of the constitution, iforth (the king is made to 'Aj has a written consti- lestined to establish order lovements of power, that lot thrown into confusion ; i limits to the various po« mctionsy that they do not each other; to fix the >int where private rights lie wants should meet ; to :ivil liberty, and the full re security of persons and . Destined henceforth to randation of the prospe- welfare of the Sicilians ; [ after that of a great and nation, which has given inues daily to give proofs ialth, its power, and mag- , this constitution has al- io the object of my affec- nd paternal sentiments.'* 5ch proceeds to remark, I constiturion, however, litherto fully answered to ral exi^ctation, which is to the effects of war, convulsions usually occa- great and sudden changes. >ressing a hope of future y, it gives a summary be business which is to be present attention of ment, of which the most ; stated to be providing payment of the public concludes with a com- to his august ally, the reat Britain, and to Lord Bentinck, as captain-ge- he united forces, brtunate proof of the yet state of the Sicilian con- ippeared in the disputes )mediately occurred re- thc elections of depn- l the representatives of Palermo, Messina, Catania, Syra- cuse, and several other towns^ were excluded, as having been un- constitutionally chosen. New elec- tions were therefore ordered, and the parliament was adjourned, or rather closed, on the 23d. This was probably a manoeuvre of party j for we are informed th^t after the dismission of the parlia- ment, great discontents prevailed, the government appeared in open opposition to the English, and persons who had obtained offices through English influence were every day dismissed, and some of them arrested The sentiments of the Sicilian court with respect to the possessor of its former continental domi- nions were explicitly expressed, by an order communicated in October fix>ro the commandant of the dis- trict of Messina to the commander of the Neapolitan troops in Cala- bria, importing that upon no pre- text whatever, should any vessel bearing the flag of king Joachim be admitted into the ports and on the coasts of Sicily. We are destitute of regular re- ports of the public proceedings in this island ; but an account from Palermo, dated November loth, mentions that the parliament was then continuing itA sittings ; and that it had passed a decree recog- nising ns a national debt, the loan negociated with Great Britain by the princes of Castelnovo and Bonano, but without meaning to authorise the illegal conduct of those ministers, who, by contract- ing this debt without the consent of the parliament, had violated its constitutional privileges. If that body manifested a vigorous cha- lacter in this point, it gave a proof of 90] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. of the existence of much bolder views, at least in some of its meAT- hers, by a measure brought for- wards in the Chamber ot Com- mons on November 7th. The large proportioa of landed pro- perty in Sicily possessed by the ecclesiastical corporations is the cause that the number of land* holders is very inconsiderable, to the great detriment of agriculture. As a re.medy for this evil, the plan of a law was proposed, enacting the perpetual alienation of all ter- ritorial property, domainal or lea. dal, held by churches, pious fbun<« dations, orders of knighthood, epiti. copal sees, and universities, under the condition of an annual pay- ment to the present titulars, calcu- lated upon their existing enaohi* ments. There seems, however* little probability that such a sweep- ' ing innovation, so contrary to the spirit elsewhere prevailing, will be adopted in an assembly of which the noble- and ecclesiastical orders are a constituent part« CHAPTER GENERAL HISTOHY. [9t CHAPTER VIII. SwUx£riandr^¥)ederal compact published. — Opposition •/ the canton ff 'Bern, — Dissenlions in the cantons. — Interference of the allied towers. ^^JHei assembled, — Compact amended and signed, — Its principal or-* iicies. — Creneva restored to independence. — Its constitution and union wik the Swiss confederacy, — Seven United Provinces, — Meeting of the States GeneraL-^Speech of the Sovereign, — State of finances, — I^MiUh co/onies restored.^ Catholic Netherlands, — Their projected mnion with Holland. — Prince of Orange constituted their provisional governor, — His address to the Belgians.'^ Occupation of Belgium Iru troops, — Decree concerning French settlers, — Decree respecting the fress, — Garrisons in the different towns, — Session of the Dutch StcUes* General. WHILST the greater part of the subordiDate states on tbe European continent were wiiit- io^ in suspense^ and under pro- vinonal occapation» the decision of tbe great powers respecting their future condition, the Swiss . eoofederacy was eonployed in set- tiiog at a national diet the terms on which they were hereafter to exist as ^n independent commu- nity. In the beginning of Jiily^ a Federal Compact of the Cantons tras accepted by the Grand Coun- cil. The sovereign cantons com- posing tbe confederation, in num- ber nineteen, were thus enurae- lated : Uri, Schweitz, Underwald^ Looenie, Zurich, Claris, Zng, Bern, Friburg, Soleure, Basil, Schaffhausen, Appenzel, St. Gall, the Orisons, Argovia, Thurgovia, Teasin, and Vaud. Tfae plan of confederation, con* iistiiig of a number of articles, was bsaed upnn a principle of * oqoaiity of rights among all the commnnitics fotming tbe Hel- vetic body, which» however wise in theory, as conducive to a sdid union, could scarcely £iil of ex- citing discontent in such of the cantons as were reduced in their relative importance, and espe- cially those which had possessed suljecis. At the head of these was Bern, long the nsost wealthy . and populous of the cantons, and the sovereign of several dependent districts which it had ruled as a master. Not long after the publi- cation of the federal compact, the Avoyer and Council of the re- public of Bern issued a proclama- tion addressed to *' their faithful and dear subjects of the Canton,** which began with reciting the in- fraction of the ancient Swiss con- federation by the power of France in 179B, and the restoration of the legitimate government in Bern, under the influence of the allied powers, in the last December. It then complained of the renewal of all the former acts of injustice to- wards the canton by the new federal 92] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. federal pact, wbich had parcelled Sargans, the ministers of the allied out the canton of Bern still more powers thought it proper to in- than heretofore, had stripped it of tcrpose by a note addrcsscdl to the rights over countries acquired by Diet on August 8th. In this, the their ancestor;?, and separated it ministers express their regret for from its ancient subjects. After the doubts thry have been com* staling some other grounds of com- periled to rntertam of the firmness plaint, the proclamation proceeded with which rhey hoped tliat body, to mention the sncrifices which would maintain the arrangemeiitB the cnnton had been willing to of their circular of May 31st, make for the sake of union. The which established the immuta- grand council had not only aban- bility of the status quo of the iloned the rights of the state over possessions of every canton, and the ancient common seignories, of the political relations of their bot had expressed their intention inhabitants, till the definitive get- to leave, lipon equitable condi- tlement of affairs in general \ and tions, its liberty to the country of in a tone of authority they require Yaud. They could not, out of the preservation of the public gratitude to their subjects of Ar- peace by a vigorous execntioo of govia for their fidelity, renounce that provisory law. This inter- (lie Bernese part of that country, position^ together with the dif& but they had opened a plan for turbed st^te of Switzerland, ap- their union with the canton, and pear to have excited very serious had offered them a share in all the apprehensions in the political rights and advantages of Bernese leaders, and on August i6tb, the subjects. The paper concluded President of tlie Diet addressed in with expressing a desire to de- his own name (that body not then fend the constitution and rights sitting) a circular to all tha go- of the canton against all attacks, vernments of the cantons. After and called upon all to whom it reciting the violent opposition was addressed, for their support which the Federal Compact had Switzerland was at this time far met with, and the necessity ajnder from being in a tranquil state, which the Diet had found itself The Vaudois and the Argovians of framing a new plan with vari- were resolute in asserting their in- ous modifications, the President dependience on Bern. Some time warmly exhorts the cantons to before, a conspiracy was formed unanimity, and proceeds to say. at Soleure for taking possession of '* A note of the ministers of Aus- the town, and deposing the ruling tria, Russia, and England, offici- party, which was disconcerted by ally communicated to the deputa- an accident \ and its ill success tions in our sitting of this day, was said to have prevented the shews the danger which a longer execution of a similar plot at Bern, division may draw dowq upon The canton of St. Gall having our country. The opening of the made a demand of a federal aid General Congress, a period of the from the Diet, on account of a greatest itpportance to Switier- spirit of disobedience manifssted land in particular, as well as to in the districts of Uanach and Europe in general, is approaching. Switzerland GENERAL HI*STORY, [93 Switseriaiid attracts the attention of ibreign powers } and it daily becomes moro- probable, that if the Swim confederation be not fixed at that lime, her constitution will no iooger depend on herself^ but Jier iate be determined without her participation/' He then an- nounces the intention of the Diet to zeturn to Zurich on the 4tb of September, id order to resume its deiiberatioas on the- following day, and lake the necrssary steps to ob- Uuu the guaranty of the indepen- donoe ot Switzerland at the gene- ral coogress, and regulate its poli- tical interests. The Diet having assembled at the time appointed, was not long in coming to a conclusion on this ivcighty point ; and on September 8th noade a decree, that the treaty of alliance betweeq the nineteen cantons, of which the tenor was iohjoioed, should be signed and sealed as a true federal convention. The following are the most impor- lanl articles of this compact. Tiie CKitoos reciprocally guarantee each other's constitutiou, as ac- tnr the chief authorities of canton in conformity with the principles of the alliance -, and alio their territories. For the naintenance o( the guaranty^ a CDDtingent o£ troops is appointed to be raised, in a specified propor- tion Ibr ea jh canton, calculated at two men in every hundred, and amoootiog to a total of 30,006 j which proportion is subject to re- Tition in 1S15. A contribution §ix defraying the expenses of war and of the confederation is next aUotied for each canton, the whole sum being 490,507 francs ^ in additioa to which, a federal nvasary is established, to be sup- plied t^ duties on foreign goods^ not being articles of the first nr-i cessity. In case of danger, exter-* nal or internal, each canton is entitled to claim the aid of the confederates 3 and all difl^reiAn or claims between canton and can* ton, not provided for by the treaty of alliance, are to be decided by the confederation. No alliance is to be made between f^eparate can- tons unfavourable to the general confederation, or to the rights of other cantons. The confederation admits the principle, according to which, having recognized the 19 cantons, i^ere is no longer any sub^ ject in Switzerland', whence the enjoyment of rights cannot any longer be the exrlasive privilege of any particular class of citizens. The Diet is to consist of uiue- te^ members, one from each can - ton, every canton having a vote by its deputy. The business of the Diet is to take care of the aft'airs of the confederation. It declares war, makes peace, con- cludes alliances with foreign state.9, but in these important matters two- thirds of the voices are re- quisite for a determination 5 in others, a majority. It also decides on treaties of commerce. It names envoys from the confederation. The cantons may severally con- tract treaties to furnish soldiers, and other minor engagements with foreign powers, not infring- ing the general confederation*. Such was the main substance of this compact, which was ratified by the agreement of a majority of the cantons,' and on which the Diet received the congratulations of the ministers of the three allied powers. An union of Geneva, Neufchatel, and the Vallais, with the Helvetic body, was afterwards effected. The S4] ANNUAL ''register, 1814. The restoration of the repob*^ to the provisional government lie of Geneva to a state of inde- transmitted by M . dlvemois from pendence, wasaconaequenoeofthe Mr. Stratford Canning, nsinitter overthrow of French usurpation^ plenipotentiary ffoni the Pricio» niich cannot fail of giving plea- Regent to the Swiss Confeckni* sure to all who have been inte- tion. In this paper his Royal rested by the moral and literary Highness expresses in the miat character of that eity. Occupied obliging terms his friendly tenti* provisionally by the Austrian troops ments towards Greneva, and pro- on their entrance into France, and mises his efforts at the congrcsi to burdened by the usual military bring to effect the purposes ia iti requisitions, it was soon permitted favour declared by bis allies. to entertain hopes of a favourable On August i8th,twocomp«iiei change in its condition. On May of Zurichers arrived at Geneva to 1st, tiie envoys extraordinary o( form its garrison; and oo tbesamo their imperial and royal majesties day was published the constitution addressed a declaration to the syn- of the Genevan republic. The fbl* dies and council of Geneva, in lowing are its most important y'hich, referring to an address pre- articles. The Protestant reUgioa senled by the citizens of Geneva is the predominant. Thevo uiatt on April 2 2d to the provisional be at Geneva a church appropria* council, expressing their wishes for ted to the Catholic wonhip; it the retitoration of the republic, shall be maintained at the ezpcnae and its aggregation to the Hel- of the state. The constitntioa retic body, they congratulate the recognizes neither patricians nor Genevans on the accession of the privileged classes. All ibo Geno* provisional council to their desires, vese are equal in the eye of tbe They affirm that the allied powers law. The liberty of the press it are desirous that the republic of acknowledged, but every work Geneva, strengthened by a libe- must be signed. Shotild cironin^ ral constitution, and by a suit- stances require it, the rcpresenta* able increase of territory, should tive body shall have power to limit ofler itself to Switzerland as a the exercise of that liberty. The co-estate ; for which purpose they legislative power is vested in m advise that the provisional council representative council, composed should employ itself in preparing of 250 members, or 268, inclnd'*' the plan of a constitutional act for ing the syndics and council of ^he republic, the cantons be- state. The legislative council shall ing now engaged at Zurich in conform to the general laws of the drawing up their federal compact; Helvetic confederation; it shall and tiiey declare that Geneva shall possess autliority to fix the taxea be authentically acknowledged in annually, to accept or reject ^he |)osseHsion ot its political rights, ties, to coin money, to appoint to lind of the territory which thr allied the administrative and judicial of- powers intend to assign it. fices that are reserved for it. In The full c'oncurtence of the regulate all matters relative to the court of EnglcUKl to this dispo- ordinary and extraordinary diets^ sition of the other allies was made and to name the deputies to the known on August ^th, by a note l^tter^ The representative council shal} GENERAL HISTORY. [1)5 shall be convoked as a matter of oofone, on the first Mondays in Maj aiid December -, each session abaii last three weeks. The exe-> coiive power is vested in a coun- cii of state, composed of twenty- taight members^ elected from a* moog the members of Ihe legisla- tif e GooDcii only. Ollicial intelligence of the union of this state with the Swiss confe- dcracy. as one of the cantons, arrived oo Sept. 19th, and was re- ceived by the whole population with ewtrj depression of joy. The evacaation of the Low Countries by the remaining French garrisons proceeded slowly, and in tome inOances not without mani- fest reluctance 5 but in the begin- 'Bing of May, all tbe places which beknged to Holland in 1795 were ddtvered op to the Dutch troops i and tbe Austrian general St. Vin- cent assumed the military govern- inent of the former Austrian Netherlands. On May 2, the day appointed for the first meeting of the States-General of the United PiDviuces at the Hague, the roem- bnv of that body met in the palace of tbe sovereign prince, and took the oaths prescribed by the consti- tution. Tbe president for tbe KBuon nominated by his highness w Mr. Von Lynden Von Hoe- fcrlaken. The assembly then to tbe hall of the Bin- ihof, allottrd for their sittings, to which the Sovereign, accompa- nied by his jonngpst son, repaired, and addressed them in a speech in which be described the state of the OHiotryf and laid before them the> aeoesfity of their serious attention lo retrieve its losses, and restore its aodent consequence and proa* peril jr. He spOke of the generous frieiKiabip towiy^t t(ie oovintiy testified by foreign powers, and especially by Great Britain 5 and gave hopes of a speedier recovery from the injuries it had sustained than could be eipected by many of its fellow-sufferers. The m(hi-* ster of finance afterwards laid before the States-General an zc* count of the expenditure and re- venue of the United Provinces, from which it appeared, that reckoning tbe ordinary and extra- ordinary expenses for tbe year i8i4at63i millions of guilders, there would- be » deficiency of revenue amounting to more than 35 millions. He then assigned reasons for expecting a consider- able diminution of charges, and increase of revenue, - in future years, which turned upon the spo- liations, and lessen of income which the stale had incurred in cnnse* quence of the war, and tbe French occupation of the country. As one prodf of the sacrifice made under the rule of Buonaparte of every other interest, to his warlike projects, it may be mentioned, that the dykes of Holland, so essentbl to the very existence of the country, had been sufft^red to fall into such a state of dilapida- tion, that a large additional expen- diture would be required for their repair in the present year. An adjourned sitting of the States-General was opened on June 15 by a message from the Prince Sovereign, congratulating them upon the conclusion of a pence bcr tweentheallifd powers and France, in which the rt-establishment of the state of the United Provinces was confirmed and guaranteed by the most powerful sovereigns of Europe. In answer to this com- munication, an address was voted bjr tbe absembly, expressing saiis^ faction 9S\ ANNUAL REGISTER, 1 faction id the event, and gratefu] acknowledgnoents to his Royal Highness for his exertions in bring- ing it to effect. On July Qih, an ordinance was issued by the Prince Sovereign, by which the people of the United rrovi. .cr s were informed, i hat until the pt ri(Kl of t lie restoration of the Dutch colonies* they would be per- mitted, in consei]uence of negoci- - ations ^^n tared into with the British governn)ent, to carry on commerce with the colonies (enumerated) in South America and die West In- dia islands, upon certain conditions which followed. The first of these required the being. provided with licences fipm the British ambassa- dor at the Hague^ and the remain- der chiefly consisted in regulations for putting the trade on the same footing with that carried on between Great Britain and the same colo- nies. In the grand settlement of Europe, which became the object of the allied powers after they had expelled from his throne the per- son whose ambitious plans had so long been employed in overthrow- ing all former barriers, and estab- lishing his own irresistible predo- minance^ there were few points more important, and at the same time of more difficult arrangement, than fixing the future condition of the ten Bclgic provinces, usually distinguislitd by the name of the Catholic Netherlands Modern history is filled with the wars and negociat ions of which the disputed possession of these rich and fertile countries was the source 3 and to prevent them from falling under the dominion of France, and pre- serve them to the house of Austria, was a leading principle of the po- licy which formed the armed confederacies in th« liam III. and An: length secured to proved but an unea ful accession to tl account of their re the seat of sovereig sity of their into constimtional privil they were justly infiraction of these tl)e emperor Joseph lence with which 1 siastical reforms all nant to the feelio] singularly attached t occasioned a storr and disaffection, that sovereign to exchanging his do Low O^untries foi in Germany ; but, his multifarious failed in the exe provinces were at conquests of the 1 revolutionary warj declared integral French empire, 1 occupation of the S had obtained a i addition in this c France was to bt former limits, ac stored to i(s pristin the disposal of tht therlands became immediate urgency ciple of restitution no doubt that they Austrian dominion seen that temporal them was given general, as military the present emp< had the same re predecessor Joseph get rid of a de which had long GENERAL HISTORY. [97 iban an advantage, and ve defeoce of which could f aecured by a strong aod re lioe of fortresses. It is » probable that a change ccnpation of these pro- w early deliberated in the of the allied powers, lifBcnhies would occur in ; their new possessor. had been thrown out in jc papers of the Low % tian intended union of provinces to the state ich they had the greatest ffiDity 3 but it WBS not till of July that matters were pared for an open disclo- be design, and the mea- bringing it to effect. On of that month, the Prince p, sovereign of the Ne- (, came to Brussels, where aited upon bjr Lord Lyne- i the Supprior officers of iish and Belgian troops, a long conference with emor-general Baron de On the next day, after r divine service performed nch clergyman, he gave to the members of the ration of the public boards, principal civil officers ; ived addresses expressive ence and attachment. On lit, a proclamation was 1 by Baron de Vincent, in e acquainted the people m, that the time fixed by allies for giving up the ^vernDoent into the hands fvereign Prince of the Ne- I being arrived, he was to re of them. He briefly poo the advantages that xnie to them from that th ■ people already cod- rith them by a common LVI. origin, and common industry and virtues, which was destined by the general interest of Europe; and assured them, that it would be rendered indissoloble, and their new condition would be secured by the firmest guaranty that human power could give. On the same day an address to the Belgians by the Prince of Orange was pub- lished. After informing them that the allied sovereigns intended to give to £urope a political system which would assure a long period of prosperity and repose to its na* tions, his Royal Highness said, '' The new destination of your beautiful provinces is a necessary part of this system ; and the ne- gociations which are going to be opened at Vienna will have for their object to cause it to be re* cognized, and to consolidate the extension of Belgium on a basis conformable to your interests, to that of your neighbours, and oif all Europe.*' He then announced his being called to the government of their country during the short in- terval before this desirable union, and expressed his wish of being assisted by the most estimable characters among them, and his resolution to bend all his attention to their welfare. This change in the present administration and future prospects of the Belgian provinces seems to have been re- ceived with great satisfaction at Brussels, which enjoyed the ex- pectation of becoming one of the capitals of the United Low Coun- tries, and by the concourse of civil and military authorities and dis- tinguished strangers, was daily resuming the splendor and gaiety by which it was characterized when the seat of an Austrian court. The country, ns far as the [H] Macst, 58J ANNUAL REGISTEH, 1814. MaeaCt was evacuated by the Rossiao and Prussian troops. Eng- lish corps and Germans in British pay poured inio Brussels and the other pUQcipal towns -, and it ap- peared tbat Great Britain -meant to tftke upon itself the chief share in aecuring. (he Belgian frontier tiU. the Anal i^ustmcnt of the aflfairs of £urope. AboBt the close of August, an arrangjemant was signed by the Prince Regent of England and the Princo Sovereign of the Nether- landSf in which it was stipulated that Great- Britain should retain the Cape jof Good Hope, Dema- rara. Essequlbo, and Berbice ; and that Batavia, and all the rest of the conquests made upon the Dutch during the late wnr, namely, Sun- nam, Cura9oa, and St. Eustatia, should be .restored to tl^em. Cey- k)n, as being ceded to England before the war, reju^iins in her possessioB. Tbe.ioDg incorporation of the Belg^c provinces with France had naturally pcoduced the settlement of many Frenchmen in those pro- vinces, and it became a matter of considerable political importance to determine how to act with re- spect to them. On September 22, Vlie Prince. Sovereign issued a de- cree at Brussels, which began with atatiog* that many persons bom in France had obtained employments in Belgium^ which they still conti- nue to CJ^ercise, and to which, according to the principles of bpMnd .policy, the Belgians had a prc6?rable. right ^ that, however^ there might be particular reasons ^br granting to some of those per- aoQE^.t hie. same political rights as are ehJQ}'^ by the Belgians. Four articles then followed, the sub- Mnoe of which was to declare^ that the French', who had received letters of naturalization, were in future to be equally digible ta public offices with the natives of Belgium; that those who at present fill such offices should cease to hold them, unless they claim letters of naturalization within two months from the date of this decree ^ and that such let- ters shall be granted only on the report of the commissioner-geoe- ral of justice on the morality of the applicants, and the connections they have contracted in Bclgiunu The evident object of this decree was to prevent a French intereit from being fostered in the Belgic provinces, which in some partt was suspected to have gained s considerable footing. At the same time a measure was adopted for attaching the Belgians to the new government, by free* ing the press from those restraiots under which it had been placed by the French ruler, and secertog to authors the property of their works. The decree published by the Prince Sovereign relative to this subject, after abrogation all the laws and regulations of the French government respecting printing and bookselliDg, dedarrd every one personally re^ponaiblb for what he writes and publuibes, and for what he prints, vends, end distributes, the printer alone in- curring this responsitnlity when the author is unknown. For se- curing this point, every poblica- tiort appearing without tlie name of the author or printer, is to be considered as 2 libel, and its edi« tor or distributer to be Kafa^ to prosecution. To every author of an original work b granted the exclusive right of printing and selling it w^hin the govcrmnent of GENERAL HISTORY. [99 of fielgiuro - during his life ; and hk widow aftd bdre are to retain the suae right during theirs. All fditoti of journals, advertising sheets, and periodical works, un- der whatever denomination, are reqoired, in order to be entitled to tttablisb new ones, or to continue rboie already in circulation, to pro- vide themselves with the anthoriza- tiooof the sovereign, which will not be given unless it can be proved that tbey have at least 300 subscribers. It does not appear that in such case the rsqaisite authorization must follow; and this example may be added to other recent ones, which prove the peculiar jealousy enter- uioed by governments, of the pablicationt that belong to this dais. The regulation above-men- tiooed is stated not to apply to pipers treating solely on subjects fdative to literature, the arts and The desire of the new Belgic gDvemmcDt to raise an army at- tached exclusively to Belgian inte- rests, may be inferred from a pro- daoution of Lieutenant (general Even, inspector-general of caval- fjt by aathority of the Prince So- vcnsigD. '' Belgian soldiers (says the General) you fought under the banners of France, when the interests of our country- were con* famded with her's. The happy revolution which has delived £u- rape, has restored to our country its name and national existence : it iovites you to still higher desti- Bits, by uniting you to your tocieot brethren, under the tute* kry sceptre of a prince, sprung from 'that race of heroes wno so glorioosly defended the independ- ence of our ancestors.*** After some Knteoces of animated appeal to thrir patriotiss:^ he proceeds to say, " Corps of all arms are form- ing; battalions of infantry, regi* ments of carabineers, light dra- goons, and hussars, open their ranks to yon, where good pay will spread comfort among the privates and officers of all descriptions.*' It must be confessed, that the Ian* guage of this proclamation has a very warlike sound, but it may be hoped that the intention does not extend beyond defensive prepara- tion. That this was brought to a verj' effective state will be appa- rent from the followitig account, given towards the close of October, of the position of the different corps forming the army of the Netherlands. " Ostend, Nicu- port, Furncsj Ypres, Mcnin, and Ciiurtray, have numerous gar- risons, consisting of English and Hanoverian troops. The other places in Flanders, as Ghent, Bruges, and Tirlemont, are also garrisoned by English and Hano- verians, with the addition of Bel- gian troops. Tournay has a gar- rison of three English regiments, a corps of the Hanseatic legion, and some squadrons of horse. At Mons and Charlcroi are Belgian infantry, and Hanoverian dragoons and hussars. In the villages be- tween these places are cantoned troops of the same description. Namur is wholly' garrisoned by Dutch troops. In the interior, the hussars of Croy are at Ath ; and the Belgian light horse, with a strong division of artillery, at Ma- lines (Mechlin.) The Congreve rocket division is at Vilvorden. Ac Lou vain are some battalions of Belgian infantry ; and the garrison of Brussels consists of English guards, and a corps of horse artil- lery, and the Belgian regiment of carabineers." Thus was this coun- [H a] irj lOOj ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. liy guardedy as during the Flem- ish wars of former times. The Prince %Sovereign of the Netherlands having returned to the Hague on November 7th, he opened the first ordinary session of the States General with a speech. He began with recounting the happy auspices under which their Sitting commenced. " Perfect tranquillity reigns in every pari of the country, though scarcely rege- nerated: the organization of the principal branches of the admini- stration is prosecuting conform- ably to the regulations of the fun- damental laws, without obstacle or even difficulty; every where the spirit of industry and commerce manifests itself more and more, which we had reason to fear might have been totally extinguished and annihilated during so many unhappy years." His Royal High- ness then proceeded to touch upon particulars relative to tlieir situa- tion. He regretted, that till the termination of the congress he could not inform them with cer- tiinty of the extent of the territor}' of the state, and of its possessions beyond sea, but adverted to the arrangements with the crown of England, which had enabled him to take measures for the re-occu- pation of the most considerable part of their ancient foreign domi- nions. He spoke with great sa- tisfaction of the state of the pub- lic finances, by which, at the end of 1814, sixteen months of the in- terest of the national debt, and the vast expenses required by the re- establishment of so many branches of the administration, might b^ wholly paid, all the accounts of government services since his ac-r cession to power be liquidated, and a considerable sum left in the trea- sury applicable to the expenses of the next year. On the whole, the view given by his Royal Highness of the state of the country was such as might gratify every pa- triot. On December 8th« the secretary of finance, Mr. Falck, presented to the States an estimate of the expenditure for the year i8i5» which amounted to fitty-one mil- lions of guilders. He acquainted them, that by care and economy the expense of the last year bad been reduced 3,700,000 guilders below the estimate, and that there would remain in the treasury, at the end of the year, a sum of about ten millions and a half. He gave reasons forthepersisting,at the pre- sent time, in making extraordtnarj exertions, and recommended the continuance of the existing taxes, with the exception of some altera* tion in that on patents. The States General, after deliberating on the report, and on the plan of a law with which it was accompanied, passed a resolution, approving of the same ; and the patience with- which necessary burdens are borne in this country, and the wise frUf gality displayed in the administra- tion of its revenues, are cqonlly deserving of the applause and imi- tation of other states. HAPTER GENERAL HISTORY. [JOI r~ o -V rfi\ o;:. CHAPTER IX. // -fift, fj drmoM;. — Hamburg. — Hanwer, Us erection to a Kingdom.^^Prince Ri'genCs Proclamation^'^ Hanoverian Diet assembled, — Speech of the Duke of Cambridge. — Free Constitution of Nassau. — Prussia, it^ fwi- iitartf regulations : alterations in the ritual of public IVorship, — Ctow- gressofy'ienna, — Views of Prussia on Saxony. — Declaration of the Khtg of Saxony. — Frontiers of Turkey : cruel treatment of the Servians* A S no coaatry in Europe had ^\^ undergone more changes dnnog the long war, of which it waf so often the seat, than Ger- many, 6o in none was the process of restoration more tardy, or more obstnicied with difficulties, arising as well from the actual state in which it was left at the period of the general peace, as from the complicated nature of its political conititutioo. So much» in fact, vas to be done in order to re- duce it to a- harmonious and well halanced system, that the year cbpsed without settling some of the roost important points relative to the future condition of the Ger- manic States. Some di*ipoiitions, iiowcver, were definitively made, of which it will be proper to give an account. JNo city in Germany had so much reason to rejoice at the subversion of Buonaparte's power as Ham- burgh, which had suffered the ex- tremes of tyranny and spoliation under the rigorous and corrupt ad- ministration of Davoost. From t)ie richest aiui most commercial city iq that part of £urope, it had been reduced alnoost to beggary, and had icen many of its principal inhabi- tants in the condition^ of fugitives or exiles, its finest suburbs demo- lished, and its population wasted by want ^nd disease. It must, therefore, have been with sensa- tions of true patriotic delight, that on May 26, the Hamburghers wit- nessed the resumption of the go- vemmenc by their native constitut- ed authorities, and their independ- ence restored under the patronage of the allied Powers. The Senate, on that occasion, published an ad- dress to their fellow citizens marked by the spirit of wisdom and mode- ration. Though it was not yet thought proper to leave the city without the protection of foreign troops, confidence was sufficiently renewed for the operation of those causes which are found so efficaci- ous in speedily effacing the wounds inflicted on commercial prosperity. ''Every thing (says an account from Hamburgh) here acquires new life, activity, and cheerful- ness. The Elbe is again filled with vessels of every description, and several richly laden ships have already entered our port. The road from Altona to Hamburgh is covered with an almost uninterrupt- ed line of waggons, laden with the household 102] ANNUAL REGISTER. 1814. household fumlturr, &c. of emi- grants. Many small huts and sheds have been already built out of the vrecks of the suburbs, and the foundation walls are laid open in order to be built upon." The French left 5000 sick in the hospi- tals of the place, and it was a great relief when the major part of them were embarked to be conveyed to their own country by sea, since their wretched condition would probably have given rise to a pesti- lential disease in the hot months. The events which took place in Hanover will naturally be regarded with peculiar interest in this coun- try, especially as they have termi- nated in a new regai title annexed to the British crown. It appears from a note published by the Ha- noverian Cabinet on July 13, that the minds of the people had been disturbed by reports propagated of an intended cession or exchange of the States of that Electorate by the house of Guelph; and it is the purpose of this notification to de- clare, tliat there is no foundation whatever for such an apprehension. All doubts that might remain on this subject were dispelled by a note presented on October 12, by Couut Munster, the Hanoverian minister of state, to the Austrian and other ministers, assembled at Vienna. Its purpose w^as to con- vey the declaration of the Prince Regent of Great Britain and Hano- ver concerning the title which he had thought it necessary to substi- tute for that of Elector of the Holy Roman Empire. This title, it was observed, had been rendered un- suitable to present circumstances, by the 6lh Article of the Peace of Paris, by which it was agreed. " that tlie States ot Germany should remain independent, and joined in a federal union.*' In coDseqaenoe« several of the powers concurring in the treaty had invited the Prince Regent to renounce that title, and in its stead assume that of King, by which he would facilitate many of the arrangements which the future welfare of Germany seemed to re- quire ; and these considerations alone had induced him to consent. The declaration proceeded to ob« serve, that the House of Brunswick Luneburgh being one of the most ancient and illustrious in Europe* and nil the ancient Electors, and the House of Wurtembnrg, haring erected their states into kingdoms, the Prince Regent could not dero- gate from the rank which Ibnover held before the subversion of the German Empire ; and that he had, therefore, resdlved to erect his provinces, forming the countxy of Hanover, into a Kingdom, and to assume, for his Sovereign, the title of King of 'Hanover. It cannot be doubted that before such a declara- tion wai made, the concurrence of the powers, to whose ministers it was addressed, had been fully as-^' certained ; hence we are told in an article from Vienna, that all the plenipotentiaries recognised the hew dignity of the British Sove>» reign. A proclamation was after* wards issued by the Prince Regenr, informing all the Hanoverian sub* jects of this change, and its mo« tive.s. A proclamation was publisbed in the same noonth at Hanover, from the Prince Regent, dated August 1 2th, in which, after ad* verting to the difSculties that bad occured in forming an uniform plan of. taxation and finance, from the separation of th^ states 9( the di^ ferent GENERAL HISTORY. [JOS Ccfcot fnroviDceSi it is decreed, that beooeforth all the general affairs of tbeooanliy which may be brought uader discosfion with the states, couformably with the subsistiDg constkutioD, shall be submitted to an assembly of the states of all the proviooes, which shall adopt a g^ aeral resc^ation on such subjects. To efiect this purpose, it is farther decreed, that for the present, the €tates «f ail the provinces com- poMg Ihe electorate shall form thcmselfeSf by means of represen- tatiFBi^iotD a general diet, to assem- ble at Hanover, on December 15, furnished with full powers on the part of their constituents. On the day appointed, the Diet was opened with a solemnity pro- per for the occasion. The Duke of Cambridge, provided with full authority from the Prince Regent to represent the regal dignity, re- paired in state to the place of as- sembly, and delivered a speech, in which he gave a summary view of the circumstances which led to the change in the Hanoverian Consti- tatkm, and pointed out the duties iodunbent on a holy which was thenceforth to be the general re- presentative of the new kingdom. The whole assembly then adjourn- ed to the church of the paUice, where divine service was perform- ed, after which, the deputies, re- pairing to their hall, made choice of Comt Scbulenburg Wolfsburg for thdr president. On the following dtyhis Royal Highness attended^ at the hall, where he was addre^- cd in a speech by the President, to which he made a suitable reply. — ^ The Doke concluded as follows : *' If the difficult times require. |reat sacrifices in the increase of Ib^nmnoes, condd^' that ti)^ So- vereign demands notjiing ' for him* stlfi that we ask only, what the country requires. If some privit leges must be sacriticfd tQ. fdrm abetter internal ocdu', remember that the Prince Regent. igiv^ np rights which others consider; as .ao essential part of theToyal dignityj by assembling you here* . ^p to him here, what the Parliament i^ in the sister-kingdom. Great JSi;i^ tain, — the high coiuwjil* of vtfafl nation.*' ..■■...,* .,_.{ Jt was not in Hanover only IbU the example was given : of iho adoption of a representativctgioni vernmeut in Geribany. r J^.^tbe month of Octol)eri Frederic 'Aiin gustus, Duke of Nassau, an^Fre^ deric William, Sovereigp.Prin^'Qif Nassau, issued a constitutional charter founded upon the, luosi liberal principles. It assured thp free exercise of religious worslup^ suppressed corvees, gave admissip(^ to the first offices of 3tatjB withei)! any preference of raak o^. birth, established an independeiiit 9)agii^ tracy, and renounced the rigbit of arbitrarily discharging i^e .pobliiL:. functionaries. It appcajntedj si States-GreneraloftheDuchy^t cpmh ppsed of two separate hQu>(ies» that, of Nobles and that of Deputies, the; foraoation of which, aud their, powers and privileget^i with ihA whole act of legislation, were al-^ mo:>t exactly copied from the Bri^ tish Parliament. Although t,\\l9, was an experiment on a small ^calcj^ it maybe regarded as paving the way to important results. The leading powers of Germaqyj have been too nwch engaged w^th the weighty concerns ofihciC^Mi* gress at Vienna, to occupy t^eni-t selves considerably with , arranger, ijieQts in their own. (Jpo^pipP^ J t^P^> perba'pa 104] ANNAJAL REGISTER, J814. perhaps from them is to be expected any great forwardness to propose al- terations which would tend to limit their authority. In the present du-> bious and unsettled state of politics, the maintenance of a powerful mili- tary force would naturally appear the most important object lo the So* vereigns whose respective influence is to regulate the final decision. — Prussia, as the least considerable of these powers, in respect to territory, has thought it necessary to pay particular attention to this point 3 and in the month of September an ordinance was published at Berlin, by which all the old laws for the completing of the military estab- lishment were abolished, and a number of articles were decreed for the regulation of the armed force of the country, under the three heads of the permanent army, thelandwehrofthe first and second requisition, and the landsturm. — It begins with the declaration, that every individual born a Prussian subject, and having completed his 20th y6ar, is bound to defend his country -, an obligation that cannot justly be regarded as a hardship, if the call to arms be for the purpose of real defence^ and not of aggran- disement. In order to obviate the complaint made against the French conscription, that it deranged all the plans for the education of youth, it is here provided that the age for entering the military service shall be twenty years complete ; though youths of seventeen offering them*, selves shall be accepted, if qualified by their physical powers. It was perhaps less to have been expected that at the present junc- ture religion should have been an- other matfer for the regulation of the Fruaaion Government. The minister for the home department published at Berlin a notification relative to the state of public wor^ ship, which began by regretting the want of sufficient awfalness and solemnity in the ceremonial of Protestant worship, in which the sermon is the chief object of re^ gard, the liturgic part being de* fbctive, and in great measure left to the discretion of the minister.-— It was then said that many of the clergy of Berlin and Brandenborg had applied to the King on the subject, whose views coinciding with t heir's, it was his Majesty's will that a select committee of the clergy should examine the liturgies and religious ceremonies of the foreign Protestant Churches^ in order to draw up from them the best form for divine service.—^ Several clergymen were then Do- minated to compose this committee^ which was Co receive contributions and proposals from Divines of both the Protestant persuasions (Luthe- ran and Calvinist), and pay them proper attention. It remains to be seen whether this attempt to produce uniformity in the ritoal ef religion will be attended with bet^ ter success than so many otherA which have been made in different ages and countries. The intelligence from the Ans« trian Court during the latter half of the year has chiefly consisted in rela- tions of the festivities and splendors attending the presence of so many Sovereigns assembled at the Con- gress, the magnificence displayed at which rather corresponds with the idea of a state of long peaoe and prosperity, than of the dose of a most ruinous war, and dilapidated finances. The Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia made their solemn GENERAL HISTORY. 105 solemo entry into Vienna on the ^jiAof September, having -been met 2t tome distance by the Em- peror of Aostria, accompanied by aO the Archdukes, and followed by ha Generals and Conrtiers in all the pomp of military and courtly parade. The preparations made /or the accommodation and enter- tainment of the Sovereigns^ weit in tbe highest style of costly gran- deur. When business came to be discussed among the ministers of tbe several powers, it was found that so much previous labour was requisite to bring tbe questions for dftemination to a due state of ma- turity, that a declaration was issued for adjourning the formal opening <^the Coogress to November ist. After this period had arrived^ every political pen in Germany seems to iMve been employed in conjectures ind pretended discoveries relative to the great affairs under conside- ratioa, and the intentions of the kadmg potentates, and nothing coidd be more fluctuating and con- tradictory than the intelligence communicated under the article Tienoa, in the public papers.-— Tbe particulars under discussion hf the Congress were of course kept secret; but it was well known thar the future condition of Saxony and Pbland occupied a large share of its attention. Thefate of Saxony, indeed, appears to have been fiilly •ettled by two of the powers, Rnsiia and Prussia, before theCon- gresscommenced its sittings. Prince iepnio, the Russian Governor of Imden, sent, on November 3, a notification to the Saxon authori- tieij acquainting them, that by a leuor from the minister of state, ^on de Stein, he had been in- ^e upon it, and propose what he thought would be a much better measure — a re- solution that the law had been violated in the letter, in the case of the l>olders of colonial offices by patent, and in spirit and effect by the holders of them by com- missioni. Mr. Goiboum had not expected, after the general concurrence with which his bill had first been re- ceived, to hear it stigmatized with the purpose of perpetuating and sanctioning abuse. He thought the measure proposed as a sub- stitute was one of the greatest cruelty and injustice, being no less than to deprive those who had received such offices upon the ex- press understanding of non-resi- dence. no] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. dence, of the only reward which they had reonved for meritorious public services. Mr, Creevey thought that at* tention to this subject was parti- cularly called for at this time, when firom the near prospect of peace it was probable that a number of very deserving persons would be reduced to scanty half-pay» on whom such honourable rewards would be probably conferred, and not disposed of to increase minis* terial patronage. He then moved a resolution conformable to his intention above stated, as an amend- ment of the motion for the Speak* er*s leaving the chair^ which was seoouded. A debate ensued^ a considerable part of which referred to the ex- pression of vested rights used by Mr. Stephen with regard to the interest of colonial offices in the places which they held during pleasure. In conclusion, Mr. Creevey*8 amendment was nega- tived without a division, and the House went into a committee. On the reading of a clause of the bill relative to the power of grant- ing leave of absence to offices in the colonies, Mr. Browne opposed it, and moved *< that leave of ab- sence should not be granted for more than 12 months, nor should be renewed' for more than the like period, and that absence for more than two years should incur forfeiture of the office.** This was objected to as too short an allow- ance in several cases, and the mo- tion was withdrawn. The last clause being read, by which it was declared, that the provisions of the bill did not extend to persons now holding situations in the co- lonies, Mr., Browne moved^ '' that the clause be rejected.'* A sion ensued, for the dam against it 9. On the motion for a third ing of the bill. May 6th, ▼ observations on it were ou being futile and unnecessary Mr. Creevey in particular a ought to be entitled. An A dispense with the Act of th of his present Majesty, in i of certain persons (whon named) and who were in p sion of colonial offices by | or commission. On the side, the bill, as far as it was represented as a greo provement on the colonial 19 The House dividing on tfaic tion, it >«*as carried by 48 Xj 8. The bill was then read x time, and passed. The failure of a motion ms the Hotise of Commons d the last year by Sir Samm viilly, for a bill to take awi corruption of blood in cai attainder for high treason felony, did not discourage persevering friend of hun from renewing his attempt present session. On March he made a motion for lea bring in a bill, which he sta be precisely similar to that sented to the House in th year. He repeated his explai of its purpose and objects, si that ic did not propose to any alteration in the forfdto property, imposed by the ex laws on persons convicted oi treason or felony, but men do away what was termed ruption of blood, by virt which such a person cook form a link by which a pe could be traced, whereby id seen GENERAL HISTORY. [Ill toeodbati, however far removed, woaid be deprived of the means o^esfablisbing their right to lands, to which he, if alive, would have a prior right, and such land would eKbeat to the lord of the manor. Tbu Jaw rested upon feudal prin* ciples, which were by no means mifbrmable to modem ideas of justice, and was in fact a reJic of brtnnsni. It had been said in mhe discussions on the bill in the last sesnon, that instances of the «vil ^iiich he was desirous of gfMvduig against were not likely to happen ; but at this very time, Jie was professionally concerned in «i case precisely in point. A '^rMnao bad been convicted of a iDorder in Oxfordshire 50 years aigo ; and the estate she would have \eca entitled to, had she lived, lad passed from one possessor to another^ and a valuable considera- VioQ had been given for it ; yet, information having been given, that fhe property, by reason of corroption of blood, had escheated to the crown, and it being found by an inquisition, that this was Rally tlie case, claim had been laid to the property as belonging to the crown. The question being put, Mr. Yorke rose to declare, that he must object even to the introduc- tion of such a bill into parliament. His reasons were a repetition of the arguments he had formerly employed ac^ainst any alteration of the laws of England, on the ground of a trifling inconvenience, and ptrticulariy against any relaxation of the punishment for treason. Ittvc was however given to bring v. the bill i and Sir S. Bomilly afterwards moved for leave to ^*^in a bill to alter the punish- ment of high treason ; wbach wat granted. On the motion for committing the bill for abolishing corruption of blood, Mr, Yorke enforced his former objettions, and said that he should propose leaving out of the bill the words *' or treason,**" and that it should run thus : " that no attainder of felony, not ex- tending to treason, petty treason, or murder, do lead to corruptioa of blood.** Sit James Mackintosh in a learned and eloquent speech. sup- ported the bin. He gave an ac- count of the introduction of bkwd for treason into Scotland, where, as in all other countries of Europe, it was unknown, in the reign of queen Anne, and contended that it was by the best authorities re- garded as a temporary expedient ; and that the making it general and unconditional in 1799* was the real innovation. He ridiculed tin: idea, that a law through which 4 person unborn might at a remote time miss an estate, which would otherwise have come to him, could have any effect in deterring a man from the commission of a crime ; and he tbouglit there could not be a more favourable time than the present, for abrogating the rigour of ancient laws. The Solkitor General {Snjeani Shepherd) in reply denied, that the proceeding of the legi|Jatare in 1799, with respect to the cor- ruption of blood, was an innova- tion, and asserted that it was rather a restoration of the law as it existed prior to 1 70S. He was decidedly of opinion, that this punishment onght not to be taken away incases of treason. After a speech from Sir S. RwtUly^ m which \ 118] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. which he brongbt teveral arga- men IS against the justice and utilitj of the ponisbment, and quoted the opinion of Blackstone against it ; and some observations on each side by other roenabers ; a division took place^ in which the amendment was carried by 47 against 32. Mr. Yorke then pro- posed two successive amendmenti^ ** that the provisions of the bill should not extend to high trea- son i** and " that petty treason should also be exempted from its provisions ;" both which were car- ried. The bill thus amended af- terwards passed into a law. The House having on the same day resolved itself into a com- mittee on the bill to alter the ponishment of high treason, Mr. ihrie moved, that after the words " and there hanged," there be added, " and then be beheaded ;" arguing that if the form of punish- ment were altered, it would be less severe than it ought to be, and its effect weaker in the prevention of crime. A conversation ensued, in which several members joined ; but no attempt was made to di- vide the committee on the pro- posed addition, which therefore passed by way of amendment. This bill likewise, afltr some cor- rections in the House of Lords, passed into a law. Among the State Papers of the kst year, will be found the Ad- dress of the Speaker of the House of Comn)ons to the Prince Regent on July 226, the last day of that session of parliament. Together with other topics, the Speaker had touched upon the rejection, by the Commons, of the bill for the fur- tfaer relief of the Roman Catholics, and assigned the reasons for it ac- cording to his own views of the subject This was felt by some o^ the friends of the bill as convey- ing a reflexion upon those who had supported it, as well as pro- nouncing a definitive judgment oa the case which did not belong to' the Speaker's office ; and Lord v Morpeth, at the beginning of the autumn session, had given notice of a motion on the subject, which . he intended to bring on after the receas of parliament. This notice had occasioned a motion from Mr. Sumner, that the Speaker should be desired to print hb speech, which was carried. On March 30th. Mr, Cari* Wright desired to be informed by a friend of the noble lord, Mr. Pon* sooby, what was the day fixed upon for bringing on the motion ; and the answer being, the 22d <^ April, Mr. C. moved that the House should be called over 00 that day. A conversation followed, in which several members gave tbeir opinion, that the nature of the motion ought to be stated pre* viously, in order to give time for the penion who was its object, to meet it, and the House to form an idea of it. The Chancellor of the fxchequer went so far as to say, that *' he apprehended this was the first time, that a member had been allowed to bring forward a personal charge without aocb no* tice.*' The word allowed was taken up with great warmth by some of the opposition members ; and Mr, Whitbread said, that the right boo. gentleman seemed to forget, that it was the indisputed right df any member even to bring forward an impeachment, and lay it upon the table, without notice. An expla- Datk>n viras then given oftheoffen* aive GENERAL HISTORY. [113 Hre "watd, aod in conclusion, the motioo for calling the hoase was ^hat any member or number of members had said, might intimidate others from per- forming their duty. This in fact had been done by some of our monarchs, and especially was the constant practice of queen Eliza- beth. Suppoiiing therefore tho Prince Regent, had answered the [I 3] Speaker 116J ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Bpeaker by expressing hit displea- Bare* at '' the momentous changes proposed for our constitution/* it would have been a high breach of their privileges; and he. held it incontrovertible, that what it was not lawful for the King to notice, ft was not lawful fn: the Speaker t« express. The Hon. Member then adverted to precedents, and askedj had a single instance of a Speaker been adduced, so incau- tious, so subservient to the crown^ or so Rrgardless of the privileges of parliament, as to communicate to the throne that a dangerous proposition had been made in that House, but which had not been assented to. He concluded with saying, that not wishing to pass a vote of censure, but desiiiog that some motion should pass which should express disapproba- tion unmingled with severity, he would vote for the motion. Mr, Plunh'it highly compli- mented Mr. Grant for his eloquent and excellent speech, and employed the same strain of argument with great forceand copiousness. Among other strong censures of the Speaker, lie said, ''Sir, in taking the liberty to rfport the opinions of that Com- mittee, did you truly report them? On the contraxy, you -totally mis- represented tliem. The opposition to the proposition rejected was grounded on a variety- of reasons. Some opposed it in consequence of the intemperate conduct of certain public bodies in Ireland ; others, because of the writings which had been diffused in that country; some wished the change to bedeferred un- til a timeof peace; others were de- sirous that the see of Rome should be first consulted. With all this variety of aeotiment, how. Sir, were you competent to say what was the opinion by whkh jority of this House on that sion was swayed?'* '^Wi man (said the lion, membc clare upon his honour \l thinks you were authorised, decision by a majority of fi represent to the crown th question was put finally at Wa« it not evident that the i must return to be conskle parliament; and if so b back, with what impartidit] parliacnent proceed upon it any indirect means the artfl royal influence was brooj bear on its march 1" He 1 dwelt upon the injustice d the members who support bills, by the impHcatioOy Speaker's speech, of an intea some persons to introduce c destructive ** of the laws bf the throne, the parHameo the government of this coun made fundamentally Frolei an intention which, for biais loudly disclaimed. He con with observing, that tbe . complained of was wholly m for, and that there was sotl: the bill which he presented^ any other bills which had pai the session, to give occauoo Mr, Canning, though one minority who had been friei the Catholic claims, and 1 again to join in promoting cause, could not concur in the direct or implied centurc speech, as be conceived tl Speaker was on\y exercising cretioo vested in him. He n tins idea at some length; though he wished the apee liveied had not been aoch was, he argued that the S| ought not to be called to acccx piiacvising what was ^utborh s> C; E N K R A L 1 1 I S T 0 R Y. ;i 17 i he conslant usage of I^rlia ject ^\ ill have had a good effect if ^uer.t. it prevents the recurrence of any Mr. Tierney mode some severe thing similar. MtBccikxa upon the strain of ar- It was naturally tp be expected SfDment employed by the Member that the condition of the Norwc- ho last rose, and supported the gians, transferred by a treat][ in ^.nire of the Speaker* ^ter which they had no participation, to other members had spoken, a new Sovereign, and on their un- Mr. Whit bread had declined willingness to consent to ihif ;^^>ressing the House to a division change, threatened with compuU n his amendment, I^rd Mor- sion, should interest the friends of h briefly conchided the debate ; freedom and independence in tbe nd the House dividing on the firitikh Parliament-, and as soon ai riginal motion, there appeared^ it was understood tb^t the English ^Ayes 106, Noes 274; Majority Government was likely to tak^ -AigainsC it, 168. Mr. Bankcs* re- a part in the system of force to be Jufion was afterwards carried. adoptrd against them, tokens ap« Such was the termination of a con- prared in both houses of an inteo* est the prospect of which had ex- tion to make the subject a matter Jted oonsiderabie interest and ex- of discussion. "^)ectation in the puhlic. The On April 29, Lard Heliami put -S^Tcat m;yority in favour of the the question to Lord LiverpoQl ^^Speaker seems to denote either whether, when his Lordship had ^V" hat the House in general regarded said that a convention had been Wrira as blameless, or that the weight signed for a suspension of hnsti]i« -^of his character, and the connection ties between France and the Allies, ^^his honour and reputation with Norway was included among the '^hose of the body over which he powers between whom hosiilitici yresidedj rendered, in tbe opinion had ceased. Lord L. having re* ^^3f the greater number, a public plied in die negative. Lord H. asked -^XDsore inexpedient or indecorous, whether by that he was to under* ^'ei upon perusing the speeches stand that we were at war with .snade on the occasion, few, it is Norway. Jx)rd Liverpool said, he ■imagined, will be insensible of a ]iad no objection to state the fact, ^reat superiority in point of argu- that measures were taken for tht -snent, as well a^ of eloquence, on blockade of Norway. Tthc side of reproof j and wrrc the Earl Grey sup|K)sed it was to be ^cestioo referred to tlie pub- understodirom this statement, that Jic at large, it can scarcely be the ports of that country were to •^doubted that the deci-ion would be, be blockaded, in order to compel it ibat the S})esker had been Ixstrayed by famine to subniit to unite with liy party zeal (for \m honourable a foreign power ag.iinst its inclina- character will not admit a more tion. After some more conversa- tinfavoarable interpretation) into a tion, Lord Grey said that he should step at least improper and of dan- nir>ve on Monday for the production ^noDs exacnple, it not unconstitU" of the paper instructing the Admi- t»oal. The discussion of the sub- ralty to ^ive orders for liic block- adcj 118] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. ade^ as being the regular document for further proceedings. A similar question from Mr, C, J^f^nn, in the House of Commons, produced the same avowal of the blockade from the Chancellor of the Exchequer. In both houses conversations ^ere brought on relative to the Danish treaty, the pending nego- ciations with Norway, and the blockade^ on May 2 and 5, which, as no proceedings were founded on them, it is nnnecessaiy here to report. On May 10, Earl Grey brought on his announced motion in the House of Lords, prefaced with a speech to the following effect. — Afier some general observations on the importance of a decision in whiph the rights of a whole nation were at stake, he said, the subjects which presented themselves to the consideration of their lordships were, — i. Whether, under a fair construction of the treaty with Sweden, such obligations can be urged as must be contended for to justify the measures now pursuing : 2. Whether the obligations them- selves are such as can be vindicated according to the established prin- ciples of the law of nations, and the political rights of mankind : — 3. Whether the King of Sweden, by the faithful performance of his part of the contract, was entitled to call upon us for the faithful dis- charge of our part : 4. Whether the maxims of sound policy could justify the measures pursuing against Norway. With respect to the first, he ob- served that we had acceded to a trt^aiy between Russia and Swe- den, by which we agreed, pro- vided Sweden performed certain conditions, not to oppose the an- nexation of Norway to Sweden, but to use our good offices in obtaining it, and even to employ force for the purpose, if necessary. But what were the conditions upon which the employment of force depended? the refusal of Denmark to join the Northern Alliance. If, therefore, by our co-operation, we made the King of Denmark join the allied powers, we had fulfilled our stipulation. The sub.,equeot condition of the people of Norway formed no part ofourengagenoentj we did not guarantee the peaceable possession of the country to Swe- den. It deserved particular re* mark, that Russia had guaranteed* this possession, but in our treatj we had excepted such guaranty. Our ministers themselves had so construed it ; for in an article of our treaty with Denmark is the. following declaration : — "Whereat his Danish Migesty, in virtue of the treaty of peace this dav con- cluded with the King of Sweden, has to his said Majesty ceded Nor* way for a certain provided indem- nity; his Britannic Majesty, who has thus seen his engagements con- tracted with Sweden m this report ful tilled, promises, &c.*' More- over, in a former discussion of the Swedish treaty. Lord Castlereagh had expressly declared that no guaranty was contracted with Sweden for the peaceable posses- sion of Norway. With regard to the question of right, whether this was an obligation which we could contract, his Lordship maintained that it was fundamentally void^ as being contrary to the most ac- knowledged principles of law and .«c-#«#^«a GENERAL HISTORY. [119 juitice. An individual seeking the fiiifilineot of a contract depending vpoD ao unlawful obligation, would not be listened to in a court of justice, and the principles between states must be the same, although there is no superior tribunal to ap- peal to. Now, the rights of a Sorereign over his subjects are not the rights of property ; they do not confer the privilege of transferring them from one owner to another, like cattle attached to the soil. — His Lordship here read passages from Grotius, Puffendorf, and Vat- td, all clearly maintaiDing the doc- tone, that tke sovereign of a state owid not transfer the allegiance of the people : that he might, in case of necessity, withdraw his garrisons haca their towns, and give up all daim to their obedience ; but that it then rested with the people to determine to whom they would nbmit. Some difference might be nggpsted between a sovereignty lod a patrimony, but with respect to Norway, it was certain that the Log of Denmark was sovereign only, and not proprietor, and that it was an integrally independent tiate. To transfer the allegiance of that people was therefore what he had do right to do, and conse- qoeady no country had any right to interfere to bring it. about by compulsion. The noble Lord proceeded to omsider the assistance furnished bf Sweden to the common cause in pursuance of the treaty] the papers on the table did not, how- ever, afford the requisite informa- tion on this point. But it appeared that after the battle of Bautzen, when the cause of Europe seemed lost, Sweden had not a man in the field, (« in progress tp the fields although her engagements with this country to supply her contin- gent was signed in the preceding March. Sd late as the battle of Leipzic, did not Sir Charles Stew- art write to the ministers that the Crown Prince bad failed In execut- ing his engagements ? What has he done since that battle ? Did be move to support the Allies in their attack of France ? He had not made a single movement in con- junction with them till April 16, when be thought proper to visit Paris. The last consideration was the policy of arinexing Norway to Sweden j and on this head his Lordship observed, that the aug- mentation of Sweden could not be deemed wise with any view to permanent policv, since, in all pro- bability, she will still, as formerly, incline to the interest of Franc^. From the resources possessed by Norwny with respect to naval sup- plies, it would be of more advan- tage to this country that she should be independent, than annexed to any power. His Lordship then observed, that it had been stated that Den- mark has not acted bonajule in the execution of her treatv of cession, but has underhand fomented the resistance of the Norwegians. He said, he was instructed distinctly to deny that any Danish troops have assisted the insurrection of the Norwegians. All the garri- sons consisted of their own sol- diers, who were animated with the spirit of independence. To strengthen the charge against Den- mark it has been urged that the King, whom the people of Norway have chosen, is presumptive heir to the crown of Denmark. But what proof 4oes this afford of the co« operatiod 120] ANNUAL kEGISTER, 1814. operation of the Danish govern- other contracting party m ment 1 Norway is the betttr half which might absolve us of the Danish dominions. Prince engagements, we ought n( Christian therefore took his choice; at a nominal cession. 1 and, said the noble Lord^ I should justice of the treaty in have made the same. though grave authorities £ari Grey concluded a long and quoted by the noble 1 eloquent speech with moving — writers were not unanii '' That an humble address be pre- the subject of the law of sented to his Royal Highness the Dr. Paley said that the la Prince Regent, humbly to request tions depended on the h that his Royal Highness would be being established, no mitt graciously pleased to interpose his or by whom. Looking mediation to rescue the unofFend- at those treaties by wh ing people of Norway from the wars had been conclude dreadful alternative of famine, or practical exposition of tl of subjugation to the yoke of a nations, we shall find that foreign and hostile power : and occasions cessions had bi that daring the discussion of such of whole states. Of then proposals as his Royal Highness instances; and afiirmedj may be advised to make for this most every state, except most desirable object^ ail hostile countries of Europe, had operations on the part of this been transferred from oz country^ against a people struggling to another. No Sover for the sacred right of national in- allowed, could cede the dependence, may be discontinued." his dominions; but whi Tht Earl of Harrowby in reply pressed by war, he migl iirst considered the intention of part for the salvation o the parties at the time of contract- mainder, the inhabitants < ing the treaty with Sweden. It were bound to submit ] was the desire of this country, at for the general good. E a time when the co-operation of ship dwelt somewhat at h Sweden was most essential to the this idea, and applied it to }nterests of Europe, to obtain the He then replied to theoba mssistance of that power against which had been made o the common enemy^ for which lure of due co-operatiot purpose we engaged to put it in part of the Crown Prince possession of Norway, which, be- den, and on the impolii longing to a hostile state, rendered treaty ; and he concluc it insecure for Sweden to withdraw saying, that if the Nc its military force from its own ter- were in some degree s Stories. There could, therefore, considering our engageoK be no doubt that we were lona Sweden, and that this wai fide held to secure the possession sacrifice to the general of it to Sweden ; and unless in the Europe, while liberty wa natu re ofthe treaty there was some- to the Norwegians by th thing which rendered it null and to Whom they were ce yoid^ or in the conduct of the guaranteed by One of i GENERAL HISTORY. flSl powerful nations of Enropc, he Norway be apartofDenm^^jon trusted their lordships would not have made peace with her : it an think it consistent with policy, independent state, what has she honour, or justice, to interrupt the done to you that you should reduofe government in its proceedings. her by famine ? if under the Swed- Lwd Gremnl/e, after expressing ish dominion, what pretence have with great force his sense of the you for interfering between that cruel injustice of compelling the that kingdom and its rebellious people of Norway to submit to a subjects. power against which that country The Eari of lAivefpwt/, In de- entertained the strongest national fending the measures of govern- antipathy, as one, which during ment, confined himself to the spe- a long course of yean had been her cial circumstances of the case. He unrelenting, unforgiving, and un- began with considering those mi* remitting enemy, and from which der >^hich the cession of Norway this country has repeatedly pro- was made, and shewed that Swe- tected her, entered into a parti- den actually gave up Gluckstadt cular consideration of the argu- and Holstein which she had con^ ments of the last speaker. Among quered, whilst Jutland lay o^n t6 other points, he drew an important her arms, as the price of the ces- distinction between the cession of sion made by the King of Den- a country already conquered and mark for the preservation of this occopied by an enemy, and that of remainder of his dominions. He a territory stitl free and uninflu- contended, that that sovereign, as ehced. He further affirmed that an absolute monarch, ceded no it ttras a grots misrepresentation to rights which he did not himself obmpare the cession of Norway to possess ; and that, if the principle that of a mere province or town ; of cession was applicable under it was in fact a whole, and in anycircumstances, there never was yielding it, Frederic VI. had given a case in which it could be consi* trp no part of the kingdom of Den- dered less in the light of a griev- mark, for he was King of Norway ance than the present, when an by a distinct and separate title. — offer had been made to the people After many other observations, in of Norway either to be governed which he supported the arguments by the existing laws, or to be in - advanced by £arl Grey, he stated corporated with the constitution of the case in the following manner. Sweden. But: it was said they had You have signed a peace with Den- not chosen to accept this offer, mark, and you acknowledge that and wished rather to erect them- that country has fulfilled all the selves into an independent king- conditions of the treaty. The COD- dom. £ut afler having during sequence is- the necessary adrois- eight years been at war with us sion of one of those three things ; as part of the Danish dominions, that Norway is a part of the king- had they now a right to assume in- doro of Denmark; that it is in- dependence for the purpose of pre- dependent of ihat kingdom; or venting the allies from receiving a that it is a dominion now {U jure compensation for the conquests under the crown of Sweden. i( made by them from the state to which 122] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. which tbcy belonged ? His Lord- ship then went into a considera- tion of the manner in which Prince Christian had proclaimed the inde- pendefice of Norway, still calling himself its regent, and presump- tive heir of Denmark } in which, if the court of Denmark was privy to his plans, it was gross dupli> city and falsehood on its part ; if otherwise, it was an act of usurp- ation on that of Prince Christian. He intimated that there were a Dumber of Danes in Norway who had stimulated the people to re- sistance, and that they had been studiously kept in the dark, and allured by an assurance of the support of England. He said, that it bad been taken for granted by the noble lords that the general sense of the people of Norway was adverse to an union with Sweden ^ but in fact there were consider- able parts of that country perfectly willing to agree to it. He made some remarks in defence of the conduct of Sweden with respect to her services in the common cause ; and as to the impolicy of tdcfing to her strength, he observed that the loss of Finland had^ -placed her in different political circumstances. The remaining speeches being chiefly a recapitulation of former ligaments, it is unnecessary here to notice them. The House length divided on the mot contents 27, proxies 7, total Non-contents 86, proxies 29, t 115. Majority against the mo 81. A dissentient protest afterwards entered on the jouc signed by eleven petrs. On May 12th, the same su was brought before the Ho Commons by Air, C, W, W\ who, after an introductory s made a motion verbaiim the with that in the House of I In the debate which ensued train of argument pursued perfectly similar to that of we have given a summary that to enter into particulars be needless repetition. It however be remarked, that of the opposers of the motion ;. ed more openly than in the house, their disapprobation measures adopted against th wegians, and resisted an itz: rence with them solely ground of che obligations incurred by the treaty with den, which they regarded a pable of being done away explanation consistently wit lie faith and national honou the division there appeared, motion yi, against it 2293 rityi58. CHiL> GENERAL HISTORY- [123 CHAPTER XI. mspend and discontinue certain Proceedings against Clerical u.~^Dfi*ai€s ami Bills relative to the Corn Laws, — Proceedings 9e to the Siave Trade, CUMSTANCEin which clerical body was interest- le the occasion of frequent I in the present session aent. An act had passed years before, brought in iUiara Scott, for the pur- Mnedying ihe evils arising prevalent non -residence ergy on their cures, to doDs of which heavy pe- ir default were annexed. [tallies attached not only Bsidents without excuse, MC who should neglect to urns to the bishop of the \f the claims to exemp- lowred by the act. It had [ that a Mr. Wright had ceasively registrar of the s of Norwich, Ely, and and being dismissed from in the last, 'he had avail- df of the knowledge he ired in his station, to in- osecutions against a num- jc clergy for violations of of which the penalties to s was entitled as informer, ampunt, if levied, to As a great majority of Ktions was founded on nisfiion of the returns, an ai excited among all who mcious of any neglect of this particular, and who mielves exposed perhaps to absolute ruin at the pleasure of an informer. To obviate this hard- ship, Mr. Bathurst, in the last autumn session, moved for leave to bring in a bill to suspend for a limited time the proceedings in ac- tions under the act above- men^ tioned, which passed both houses. The period of the operation of this bill being near expiring, Mr. Bathurstf on March 2^\h, rose to move for leave to bring in a bill " to discontinue the proceedings on certain actions already com- menced, and to prevent vexatious actions, under the43dof the king.** He introduced his motion with the observations he had fornxerly made on the great hardships to which the persons against whom the ac- tions had been brought were ex« ()osed I and in proof that their of- fences in general consisted only ia the neglect of duly applying for licences, he said, that in a list of ninety-two persons in the diocese of London, against whom Mr. Wright had instituted prosecutions^ only two were destitute of a ra- tional excuse. Mr. IVhithread said, that tho^ who remembered the proceedingson the bill in question would be struck with what they now heard. At tliat time it was contended that every thing should be done to in- duce inforn^ers to come fprwar^^ for 124] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Ibr which purpose tt was thought right that the whole penalties should go to them ; but no sooner does one appear, than the House is called upon, first to suspend the law; secondly, to continue the iQspension; thirdly, to quash the prosecutions 3 and lastly, they would be asked to alter the law. He, however, wotild rather enter- tain the bill nooved for, than suf- fer the unfortunate persons under prosecution to be entirely rained. After some observations by other members, leave was granted, and the bin was read the first time. Mr, Bathwrst also brought in a bill to continue the suspension-act of the last year. The bill for discontinuing the prosecutions, frc. having been committed, its second reading was moved on March 31st, when Lord Folkestone rose, and declared lib objection to the principle of the bill. This he chiefly founded on the injury it would do to an in- dividual. The prosecutor had a Tested interest in the penalties at- tached to violations of the law in question, which the bill went to ^troj. It would be an ex post facto act to deprive an individual of his right, and to indemnify othen who had been guilty of a breach of the law. His lordship then noticed the calumnies which had been raised against Mr .Wright, and the means that had been used to naterest feeling in fevour of the persons prosecuted ; and ended M'ith declaring that he roust pro- test against the second reading. Mr, Wetheralt said, that every bill of indemnity was an ex' post facto hiw equally with the present; and he denied that the persons to be indemnified by the bill htid condKnitted any real ps instead cf taking the course he had pursued ; but was this the provision of tho act ? ur, in framing it, was it con- templated that the bi»hops were to 126] ANNUAL REGISTER, rtl4 to be directed hj their secretaries in the performance of their duties? Whatever might be the motive of Mr. Wright in informing, he >vas exactly tlie man wholn the act looked for, and to whom it held out the penalties as an inducement to inform. After .some farther debate the amendment wasputandnegativedy and the original clause was carried. A clause being read respecting biihops acting upon their respon- sibility,. Air, Whithread observed, that that word might as well be left out, since, in truth, they would be res- ponsible to no tribunal whatever. He said, his hon. friend (Mr. £rand) on leaving the house had left with him a clause which • he would propose to the committee : its purpose was, to provide that the licence for non- residence should be rendered void, if not granted upon sufficient grounds. Mr. Bathurst replied, that the abject would be equally attained by the clause as it stood. Several new clauses were afterwards brought up; and in fine the bill was reported and or- dered for printing. The bill being sent to the House of Lordsy the house resolved itself into a committee upon it on May 13, when, upon the clause autho- rising the courts, under certain cir- cumstances, to stay the-proceedings that had been entered upon, the Duke of Norfolk made some ob- jections relative to the justice of it, similar to those advanced in the other house. Lord Ellenhorough observed, in reply, that the princi- ple of the provision was analogous to the usual practice of Parliament A conversation ensued, in which the merits of the bill of the 43d of the King were discussed Archbishop of Canterbury bis opinion that great been afforded to the clerf bill ; whence it was mi deplored that the inadvei misconduct of some of' given occasion to the pr It would, liowever, be 1 its provisions separated of vicious non-residence 1 of mistake and neglect. ' was then carried without and the report on the bi ccived. It afterwards passed i under the title of " An ^ continue pvoceedings i actions already commlBnc prevent vexatious suits ai ritual persons, under ao i in the 43d year of his pr jesty; and further to until the 20th day of Ji an Act of the present Parliament, for staying pi under the said Act." The defects of the A 43d of the King bein^ i acknowledged. Sir Wiii on May 9th, moved in 1 of Commons for leave tc a bill for its amendment 1 relates to the non-residei clergy, which was grantc Among the topics of F tary discussion during th no one excited so mocl interest as the Corn T proceedings concernioi were the subject of as m tion, and produced as n: tions, as the East India a lie questions of the last j speeches in parliameol occasion were so nume were involved in so mud from opposing calculai 8( GENERAL HISTORY. [127 lb, that instead of attempt- « a statement of what was most be contented with a icoouDt of what was pro- ! done. tatc Papers of 1813 will to contain a " Report on I Trade," framed by a nmittee of the House of I, in which were consider- «o different systems on le Com Laws of the ad been hitherto founded. , commencing in 1670, ed the importation of grain duties, whilst it encon- esportation hy bounties. id, commencing in 1765, , on the directly oppo«;ite The ctFect of these I Stated by the committee I, that tliey recommend a 5 to the former |)olicy, by ry high the rrgulating illowing the importation with the permission of tation till it had nearly liat standard. The re- prices specified were, «! up to 901. per quarter, nation when at 1035. ime, in consequence of isive scanty harvests and omsianccs, the price of I extremely high, and rcss was incurred by the of bread and the other I of life. When, therc- itention was declared of in a bill to parliament principles supported by ittee, a great alarm was ipecially in the commer- It and manufacturing and the suspicion was enicrtaiiitd of a design of ;the trading tc the landed interest, and enabling the country gentlemen to keep up the greatly increased rents of their estintes. — The cultivation of com hafing of late years been so much extended in Ireland, that a considerable part of the deficiency of £ngland was supplied fi'om thence, it was na- tural that the members of that part of the united kingdom should take the lead in the attempt to discour- age foreign importation ; and Sir H. Parnell, member for Queen's County, who had been chairman of the committee, was the person who brought the matter under discussion after the Christmas re- cess. Petitions had in the mean time been pouring in from differ- ent places against any alteration in the com laws. On May 5, *' Sir Htnry Parnell moved that the debate on tho corn laws, adjourned from the last session, should now be resumed { which was put and earned. He then moved that the first of a set of resolutions wh'ch he bad pre- pared, and which were essentially different from those which he had proposed in the last year, be referred to a committee of the whole house. Jt was in the following words: — '' That it is expedient that the ex- portation of corn, grain, meal, malt, and flour, from any part of the united kingdom, should be per- mitted at all times, without the payment of any duty, and without receiving any bounty whatever.'' Mr. Rose opposed the motion in n speech full of information con- cerning all previous laws relati\e to the corn trade, and supported by tables, of which no abridgment can be given ^ and he concluded with earncitly intrcutingthe hou^e not 138] ANNUAL REGISTEU, 1814. ft«t to take (ht report for its guide, decidedlj in favour of the but to proceed with a caotioo and After 'fome conTersatiot|# deliberation suited to tbe infioite agreed to consider that la Importance of the suUect. He by itself, and ^ bill was ord was replied to by Sir Henry Par- be brought in upon it. nell ; and aAer other speakers had The bii\\ permitting expi joined in the debate, the question q£ grain without duty or for going into a ooramittee was put was presented by tbe Chi aud carried. The £rst resolution of the Exchequer on May being then also carried, tbe second read the first time. On tl was put i viz. ** That the several day the order for the House duties now payable in respect to into consideration tbe ren all corn, grain, meal, and flour, of the Com Committee imported into the united kingdom moved. Lord A. Humilton, shall cease and determine ; and speech against the intended tbe several duties in the following tions, moved, as an ameo schedule shall be paid in lieu '/That the further consider; thereof.'* The schedule being af- the resolutions be postpoi terwards amended, it stood so that this day three mouths." A wheat, if imported from foreign debate ensued, which terc countries when the home price was in a division. For the amei atorunder63 shillings per quarter, 27, Against it 144, Majori should pay a duty of 24 shillings ; The report was then, ou nn when the home price was 86 shil- Mr. Foster, ordered to be r lings or upwards, it should be duty mitted, for tbe purpose of free ; anu at all intermediate prices ducing an amendment. the doty should bear the same ra- On the 17 th the House b tto. Wheat imported from tbe a Commit tee, tbe second resc; British colonies in North America for prohibiting tbe import; was to pay half as much duty. A corn, except under tbe scak similar scale was framed for other specified being read,3fr.J*afi grain ^ and this resolution also was posed that tbe protectio, agreed to. should cease when wheat A third resolution read and car- at^ioo shillings, and other { ried was " That all foreign corn, proportion. After a debs grain, meal, and fiour, should at question was put on this i all times be imported and ware- ment, and a division ensutD housed free of all duty, until taken numbers were. For it 60, j out for home consumption; and it 81 j Majority in the ncga should at all times be exported free Tbe resolution in its origin of all duty.*' was then agreed to. On tl On May 13, tbe Hoase having the second resolution, ret resumed iho consideration of the tbe schedule of duties on iii report concerning the corn laws, tion, was put and adopted 1 ihe Chancellor of the Exchequer a division, and leave was g gave his opinion that some of tbe brijug in a bill upon it. resolutions would require further Ou May 20, Mr, Banki deliberation, but expressed himself some observations on the oi GENERAL HISTORY. [129 that the House sboold be accurately informed of the actual state of the com trade, and the probabihty re- specting importation before the next harvest, moved '* That a Select Committee be appointed to inquire into the corn trade, so far as relates to the importation and 'warehousing of foreign com, and to report their observations there- upon; together with the minutes of evidence which may be taken before them." This delay was warmly opposed by the friends of the resolutions; and though the motion was supported by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who now manifestly began to waver, it was negatived on a division by 99 against 42. On May 23d, a motion being made for the third reading of the Corn Exportation Bill, Mr, Rofe declared that he would make his solemn protest against it, as one of the most mischievous measures that had ever been brought before t}ie House ,- and after stating his objections to it, be said he should move, as a rider, that the King should foe empowered, with the advice of his Privy Council, to stop the exportation whenever the exi- gencies of the country might re- • quire it. After some observations 'had been made by different mem- bers on this suggestion, the House divided on the third reading. For It 107, Against it 27, Majority 80. The rider of Mr. Rose was then discussed, and was rejected without a division, and the bill passed. The report of the Corn Impor- tation Bill being brought up on May 24, a conversation etJtued, chiefly on the charge of deficient information for the importance of the subject; after which the hxWpn Vol. LVI. ^xirawas passed, tobe fully disaisa- ed in the Ifollowiog stage. A great namber of -petitions 10 the qiean time werebrought up from dUferent places, including some of the nx>st populous towns in the kingdQm, against. the meditated alterations in the com laws, by which the ex- istence of a ycrj general alarm re- specting their supposed tendency was stmngly manifested. Tho members who presented them thought it their duty, in someia* stances,' to express their sense of the danger that might arise from urging measures so unpopular wi(|i a great part of the nation 1 and Mr. Canning, on presenting a pe- tition from Liverpool signed by 22,000 names, said that he thought it impossible for any man who had cast his observatk>n about him for the last ten days, not to feel that unless some urgent necessity called for the adoption of the proposed measores, it would be the height of impolicy to urge them at present. The effect of these representa* tions was apparent, when on June 6th the Chancellor x>fth€ Exchequer rose and said, that in consideration of the number of petitions which had been presented against the pro- posed alteration of the Corn Laws^ he should move to refer those pe- titions to the consideration of a select committee, with the inten- tion and hope, that if they coul4 make their report in due time, some legislative measure might be founded upon it in the course of the present session. The motion being put, a debate followed, hi which the arguments respecting the policy of the proposed changes were re- capittilated on each side, with some severe strictures, by the friends of those changes, on the means by [K] which .130] ANNUAL REGISTER, 18U. which the national ahrm bad been excited. It«raft clearly understood that the motion was in fact • post- ponement of the further conside- *ration of the subject to another ses- 8ioo> and it was supported and 'opposed under that idea. A di- vision at length taking place, the numbers were Ayes 1 73, Noes 67. Majority for the motion 106. The order of the day being then read 'for taking the report on the Com I^aws into fotther consideration, the Chancellor of the Exchequer mored, that the report should be taken into consideration on that day three weeks ; to which Gene^ red Gascoigne moved as an amend- onent, substituting six months as the time. The House dividing on -the amendment^ the numbers were Ayes 116, Noes to6. Majority 10 : the bill introduced was therefore lost. The Com £xportation bill passed the House of Lords with little op- position^ and went into a law. It) that House also a committee was formed for inquiring into the btate of the com laws, which brought in a report a short time before the prorogation of parlia- ment > when the Earl of Hard' wcke, who presented it, said that he regretted that the time had not bieen sufficient to justify the committee in coming to a final report on the subject^ and an- nounced his intention of moving for another committee early in -the next session. Without pr^uming to give any opinion respecting the general jus- tice or policy of the proposed al- terations in the system of the Gcirn laws, we may venture to ob- serve, respecting the parliamen- tary proceedipgs on the tuligect^ i . that the very high standard in the first set of rcsoiutioi the points at which expoi was to cease, and importati be allowed, did certainly in in the proposers a design of ing up a price of corn adeqc the support of that exiraot rise of rents which haa place of late years : 1. ths great majorities in the Ho Commons in favour of the gated resolutions, cannot 11 ness he attributed to any cause, than a convictioQ c public utility of the measure posed : and 3. that the num petitioners against any chu. the existing laws can afibi rule to judge of the merit! i case, when it is considered what eaie a ferment it e among the people, especial! matter apparently connected their subsistence. The que as a subject of sound and policy, cannot be said yet U received a satisfactory discosi The proceedings of t>oth H of Parliament relative to the Trade as carried on by fi countries, were so much lo honour, on account of thegen sentiments displayed in theoa although the results were efficacious than the friends o manity might have wisbi would be a national injury ti them without due noCke, On May sd. Mti Wilht, rose in the House of Comi and made a speech introducti a proposed motion. He saic House had already recognixc principle when, in 1806 and it had consented to an addn the throne, similar in effect tc which he was desirous of GENERAL HISTORY. risi ttod'j^. He observed, that there nerer was a period more favourable to focb a motion than the present^ or in which there existed such fowtrfyi motives for endeavouring toiOim iu purpose. All the great powen of Europe were assembled ifl congress lo consider the very demcois of their political rights^ and what could be a more proper noDent for urging the consi- dentioa of the wrongs of Africa ? There was bat one objection that be had beard against the proceed- ing he meant to recommend, which WIS, that when he spoke of the iomediate accession of the con- tiDeatai powers to a proposal for 1 general aboKcion of the Slave Tnde, it was replied, that as we omelvrs did not abolish it till iftcr iS or 19 years of inquiry, haw could it faie expected that they mild do it so precipitately ? The &ct however was^ that it had been e«i|f tiial daring all that interval, aid that when its deformity was UI7 disclosed, the general con- victka pronoanced sentenceagainst it Experience had also shewn Ibt all the pi^ictions of com- aereial and other evils to follow in abolition were fallacious } tfacrefore^ in urging other nations tp pursue the same course, we aDcd upon them to run no risk in ■a uotned scheme. Further, the greHer part of the European na- liooa bad no dinri interrst in the ooolioiiancc of this tnde. With jygard to France, it had been prac- ticiJl/ abolished fur many years past I and though M*-. Fox had unable to convince Buona- ibat our alx)lttion rose from principle of justice, and he a friend to the trade» better Cfainga Alight be expected from the religion and humanity of Lewis XVIII. From Spain also happier results might be anticipated, as she was now placed in a condition that enabled her to act upon just and honourable principles. Looking to Portugal he could not bnt enter- tain similar hopes, notwithstand- ing a paper lately issued by that government, the principle of which was, that the Slave Trade should be carried on by the ports of Brazil, until the population of that extensive couutry was become proportioned to its magnitudle^ The language of this paper shewed an attention to the calls of hu« manity, which, though perverted, might by proper argument be led to a co-operation with this coun- try. The acquiescepicc of Sweden had been already obtained. Den- mark had abolished the trade at an early period ; as America had also done. The hon. member begged to guard himself against the imputation of wishing by his motion to remind his Majesty's ministers of a duty which he was persuaded they were rrady spon- taneously to perform. His object was only to strengthen their handa by a solemn declaration from par- liament, that their former pro- ceedings xlid not originate in a transient fit of humanity, but in a deliberate view of the subject in all its relations. After an earnest and eloquent appeal to the feel- ings of the House, he concluded with a motion of considerable length, the substance of which was. That an humble, address should be presented to the Prince Regent, assuring his Royal High- ness of their perfect reliance on the former declarations to parlia- ment that his Majesty's govem- [K a] ment 138] ANKUAL REGISTER, 1814. ibeot would employ every proper means to obtain a convention of the powers of Europe, for the im- mediate abolition bf the Slave Trade ; rcpr^fsenting to him that the late happy events atford the most auspicious opportunity for the interposition of Great Britain for that pur poe ; that unless this nation interposes with effect at the present juncture, the ^c^tora- tion of peace u ill be the revival of this criminal tratBc in all its horrors ; and that they trust that such a great act of atonement towards Af'ica would tend to pro- long the tranquillity of Europe, by inculcating a higher respect for justice and humanity among its nations. The motion being read, the ChanceRor of the Exchequer rose to express his cordial concurrence. He was followed by several other speakers from both sides of the House, who were unanimous in their approbation of the senti- ments in the address. Mr, Can* %ing hinted, that as Spain and Por- tugal bad now recovered their in- dependence, we might assume a loftier tone with them than would have been wise or delicate when they were struggling with diffi- culties and looked to this country for aid. Mr. Marryati took upon him to state that ' those connected with ilie West India colonies were as ftnxious for the abolition of the Slave Trade as any other class of persom could be. As a proof that litde was done towards lessening the evil while the trade was car- ried (Vn by other nations, he said, that from the report of the Afri- can society up to the year 1810, the average number of slaves antiually obtained • from Africa amounted to 80,000, of which half were carried away in Spanish, and half in Poilnguese vessels* He asserted thai our abolitinn oi the trade had already pi oduced the effect of a l>eiter trejinient of the Negroes in the colonies, the old system of night and day gangs being abandoned. Mr, IVkitbread observed, that those were de- ceived who imagined th^t every man in England wished f<»r the abolition of the S'ave Trade. It had come to his knowledge that there were persons in this country base enough to wish for the retoro of peace on account of the facili- ties it would afford for carrying on this traffic under another flag. Those powers which still sup- ported it ought to be made to un- derstand that tht*ir interest re- quired its total abolition. The motion was agreed to una- nimously. In the Hou«e of Lords, on May 5tb^ Lord GrenvU/e rose, and made a speech so much in the general tenor of that of Mr. Wil- berforce, that it would be super- fiuons to particularize its topics. It may however be observed, that he dwelt with more energy on the conduct of the court of Portug d in its late edict permitting the ^ave Trade, and plainly incul- cated the necessity of '* meeting it with higher and more influen- tial arguments than we bad used before/' if we desired to effect the abo}itk)n. His Lordship con« eluded with moving an addrtfis to the Prince Regent precisely of the same import with that pro- posed in the other House, which was agreed to irem. diss, 1 hese proceedings were prior to the treirty of peace between the allie'd GENERAL HISTORY. [133 arf powen and France; end o, imong the teims of that r, an article was found, sanc- tg to France the practice of lave Trade during 6ve years, saJout advocates for its total iOD were struck with deep n, and foresaw a renewal, ide extent, of all the horrors tbejr bad so long been em- m oombaling. The lead- each House of Parliament I measures above recorded, cd to exert themselves again le aacne benevolent cause, i the part they had now to «■ of a more difficult and ciUed nature, since they 0 ooDtend against an en- ent already entered into, 1 which the reputation of Dialers was in some degree xL lone 27th, Mr, Wilberfirce I the House of Commons, Bgao with expressing his cfiaappointment that the ad« which on his motion had aeaented to the crown, iro- l Its influence to induce fo- powers to join in the aboli- if the Slave Trade, bad I ioefiectual. He gave a ic view of the miseries which apply with slaves of the b colonies unconditionally id would inflict on a vast sr of human beings. He had not been bis intentioi^ resB any opinion of the con* cf the negociators in this I hot for himself, no consi- ma, however weighty, could indooed him to resign set- itf which were to be culti- ui a way so abhorrent to dijr. As the matter now he wai a6aid that the ut« roost we could hope was, that af the end of five years France would join wiib the rest of Europe in the condemnation of this trade; Engliind however even now ought to lift up her voice, and iit least endeavour to prevent the intro- duction of the miseries formerly existing, into those parts of Africa in which 'these horrors had been repressed, and legitimate com- merce had been established. After various o^her observations on the subject, urged with great earnest- ness, Mr. W. concluded with moving a long address to the Prince Regent, in which, after expressing the regret of the House, that the consequences of their former address had not been such as they had confidently antici- pated, and stating the multiplied evils that would result from the. renewal of the Slave Trade by the French, they earnestly im- plore his Royal Highness to en- deavour to obtain, if possible, from the government of France, some dimifuition of the term permitted to the Slave Trade ; but, in any case, its rtslriction within certaia liroitB, and its total exclusion from those parts of Africa, where the exertions of Great Britain hava already succeeded in stippressing it : also, that no exertion should be omitted in the approaching con^ gress to procure a final and uni* versal extinction of the Slave Trade. Lord Castlereagh said, that hoi. warmly concurred in all the sen* timents expressed by his hon* friend with respect to the Slave Trade, and the propriety of the address proposed, though he could have wished the discussion post- poned till the time cf taking the treaty 134J ANNUAL REGISTER, I8l4, treaty into consideration, when he trusted he should have been able to shew tliat government bad per* formed its duty, even to the in* terests of this question. His Lordship th<:n entered into some considerations to prove that there was no reason to suppose that FVance would have consented to an abolition of the Slave Trade on the restitution of her colonies, and tliat it would have been highly improper to make such a condi- tion a sine qua mn of the treaty. He spoke long upon these points, but in conclusion said he bad no hesitation in agreeing to the ad- dress. Several succeeding speakers ex- pressed their dissatisfaction with the article of the treaty in ques- tion ; and Mr, Barham mov^ as an amendment to that part of the motion, which implored the Re- gent to obtain from the French government some diminution of the term allowed for the traffic, '^ That an immediate renunciation of the Slave Trade may be effected in return for any cession, con* flistent with the honour of this country, which may be agreed on by his Maj|,esty*6 government in Goticurrence with his Majesty's allies.'* This amendment, how- ever, was withdrawn, and the mo- tion for the address was agreed to^ netn, con. In the House of Lords, on June 27th. Lord GrenviUe rose, and introduced a motion on the subject in an eloquent speech^ which has been published in the form of a separate pamphlet, and therefore can admit of no abridg- ment compatible with the limits allowable in this work. Its main scope, however, was the ind%a7 tion of the punistry for h consented to a treaty pera tbe carrying on of the Slave ' for five years, when its imm and total abolition might been obtained if pursued witt After having placed the hon the trade, and the blame of h neglected an opportunity i abolition, in the strongest 1 and urged them upon the ] with all the force of langoagi Lordship moved, " That an ble address be presented I Royal Highness, tbe Princ gent, praying that be will b ciously pleased to diractj there be laid before this i copies of such representatii have been made by his Ma ministers in the late negod for peace, in consequence * unanimous address of this i for the immediate And total tion of the Slave Tmde, to with the answers returned th and also extracts from Boch of the dispatches of his Ms ministers as relate to tlie subject." 'The Ekri of Liveffooly in said that one great mistal through the whole of the fiaron's argument, founded a misconception of the right a country has to dictate %i theratid independent natioi subject like the present, right must be founded eit general principles, or on p kir circumstances. With i to the first, it would sdm contended, that any govet would be just i6ed either 10 to war, or in continuing it« : purpose of imposing upon a country a nK)ral obligation, ever aoltoiA or aacml. li GENERAL HISTORY. [135 uenrj isdependent nation is ad 10 judge and act for itself. the ci reams tances of the t caie, it was fir^t to becon- p that these could only to the colonies of which 1 possession, not to those were not in our hands, nespect to the former, the won argued as if the resti- of her colonies to Franco act purely gratuitous on It. He confessed that be miidered it as such. The rf" the negociations being a . peace, the continental , jealous of the colonial oos of Great Britain, would ave allowed her to keep all F France. When it is ar- thar the abolition of the [*ride ought to have been idtiion of restitution, it is ling that the abolition ought 5 been made the price of uid that tipon its refusal, tiiiuatioB of the war must BCD the consequence ; but cir Lordships* or the nation d for such an alternative ? rdship proceeded to shew, I ministry had by no means sglcctful of every real op- tj of abolisliing the Slave vbicli had occurred in other 9 ; and he would not bat the concession made by was unimportant, though 1 as the)' could have wished, iggled hard to obtain. He t length to the immediate ration of the motion, and led, that nothing could !nd to frustrate the object than acceding to it. he other speeches for and the motion it seems uiine- te giro any particulars. since eveiy thing of argument had been anticipated. The question being pat, a division took place, wlien the numbers were, for the motion 27, against it 6a : Majo- rity 35. A protest against the re- jection was entered upon the journals, signed by the dukes. of Sussex and Gloucester, and the lords Grey, Lauderdale^ Greo- ville, and Holland. A similar motion was madb on June 284 in the House of Com- mons, by Mr, Corner, which was negatived without a division. The snbject was not as yet en- tirely dismissed from the coum- deration of parliament. On June 30th, the Marquis of iMnsdcnme rose in the House of Lords to move an address to the Prince Regent relative to the Slave Trade. He pre£K»d it with saying, that he was one of those who thought that some information ought to have been produced, and some opinion given, on the omission to secure this great object. But setting this aside, every one must feel how necessary it was that their Lord- ships should follow up their pre- vious address, and that they could not quit the subject withouf ex- pressing their regret at the failure which had already taken place, and their anxious desire as to what might be done in future. If tiie immediatt abolition of this de- tested traffic could not be pro- cured, there might still bo means found of saving Africa from tl>e full extent of evil resulting from it, and with which it was threat- ened by the command the Fre'hch would acquire of the river Senegal, and p;irt1y of the Gambia. Afiec some observations on this topic, his Lordship concluded with mov- ing 1361 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. ]Dg an address exprrssive of the ^eep regret felt by that House that the exertions of his Royal Highness, the Prince Regent, had not been attended with more com- plete success, and tbeir earnest ftope that his Royal Highness might be able to form new ar« irangementt with France for the purpose of bringing about this desirable result. At the same thoe entreating that his Royal ^ghness would use his utmost endravoors at the approaching congress ,to procure a declaration, that this traffic was contrary to the law of nations, and one which obght to be abolished over the whole of the civilized world. The J^rl of Liverpool said, that he completely concurred in the motion, btit he thought that while regret was expressed that more had not been done, satisfiic- tion should also be expressed at what had been effected; and he proposed introducing into the mo- tlon» words declarative of tbeir sa- tisfisction at the abolitioji of the trade by Sweden and Holland, particularihr by the latter. The Marquis of Lansdoume had fio objection to this amendment. lard OrenvUle spoke in favour o( ft, and of the whole motion : and the address was agreed to nem. dm- It i.s only fltrther to be notic(*d, relatiive to this subject, that a great number of petiiioni li>r the aboli- tion of the Slave Trade con tinted to be presented to parliament, dar- ing the session, from towns and communities in different parts of the empire. The petition to tbe House of Lords from tbe Society of Friends, called Quakers, in and near the metropolis, occasioned a singular discussion respecting form. It had first been addressed *' To the Peers in Parliament assem- bled,*' but the petitioners being informed that this was not the proper designation of that Honse, as the bench of bishops were not Peers, but Lords, it had been al- tered <«To tbe Lords in ParUa- ment assembled.'* Tbt Lord Ckan* ce/lor remarked upon this cir- cumstance, that tbe usual desig- nation of the House being ** the Lords spirit a al and temporal in parliament assembled, if in the general term '^ Lords" the pe- titioners meant to include this de- scription, their Lordships would probably think the petition ad- missible. Lord Arden thereupon protested against any innovatbn upon established forms, and said he felt it to be his duty to oppose the reception of the petition. Several lords, however, anaong whom was the archbishop of Canterbury,^ gi^ng their opinion that such a strict adherenoe to form should be waved in £ivoDr of so respectable a body of petitioners^ the petition was receiv^ CHAP- GENERAL HISTORY. [137 CHAPTER XII. Provision for the Duke of JFellington, — Congratulation of the Howe of Commons t and his Graces visit to thtit House, — Proceedings re/a^ tive to t/ie Princess of JValcs, — Debates respecting Lord Cochrane, and Ms expulsion from the House of Commons, THE national gratitude to Lord VTelliogton^ which had kept paCb with his services^ received its consummation when those ser- vices were brought to a conclu- sion by the general peace in Eu- rope. On May iotn> a message from the Prince Regent was com- municated to the House of Com- mons, the purpose of which was to iiiform the House, that his Royals Highness had conferred upon that victorious commander the rank and title of a Duke and l^larquis of the United Kiugdom, and recommending the grant to him and his successors of such an annuity as might support the high dignity of the title conferred, and prove a lasting memorial of the gratitude and munificence of the nation. The message being taken into conuderation on the 12th, the Chancellor of the Exchequer rose to call the attention of the House to the distinguished services of the Duke of Wellington. Of the substance of this speech it is not necessary to recite the particulars, since no reader can be unac- quainted with the actions which during a series of years had been accumulating fresh laurels on this emipent character, The cjim^x of praise in this as in other par^ liamentary eulogies, was a com- parison between him and the great Duke of Marlborough, the only British commander who, in the general estimation, could be named as hii rival in military fame 3 and the public rewards bestowed in his day upon the latter, were appa- rently the mea ton, to be at any time commuted for the sum of 300,000/. to be laid out in the purchase of an estate. Air, IFkitbread, Mr. Ponsonly^ and Mr, Canning, who followed^ all agreed in the high merits of the (loble Duke, and objected to the grant as too small, especially since a large sum would be neces- sary for a mansion suitable to the • dignity conferred upon him. A motion was in consequence mado for an additional 100.000/. mak* ing in all the sum of half a mil« lion granted to the Duke, which passed nem. con, A similar message from the Prince Regent being communi- cated to the House of Lords, an cquirt 138] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. equal onanimity took place in the proceedings upon it. Lord Li- verpool was the orator on this oc- casion, who moved the same grants to the Duke which were first proposed in the other House, and te which no addition was proposed by the Lords. At the same time, in consc- ience of messages from the Friiice Regent, pecuniary grants were made by parliament to Lord Wellington's associates in %*ictory. Generals Graham, Hill, and Be- rcsford, now raised to the peerage. In addition to the pecuniary remuneration so liberally and cheerfully voted by parliament to the Duke of Wellington for hi4 dis- tingnbhed services, the House of Commons resolved to pay him the highest tribute of respect and ap- plause that it was possible to be- stow on a subject, that of its thanks^ accompanied with a depu- tation of its members to congratu- late him on his return to this coun- try. Lord Castlere/igh rose in the house on June 27tb, to make a motion for this purpose, which was iinanimoubly agreed to; and a committee was appointed to wait 6n his Grace^ to know what time he would name for receiving the congratulations of the house. Lord Castlereagh having reported from the committee that it was the jdLke*s desire to express to the hou«e his answer in person, the following day, July ist^ was ap- pointed for the solemnity. At about a quarter before five, the Speaker being dressed in his official robes, and the house being crowded with members, some of them in military and naval uni- forms, and many in the court dresses in which they had been at- tending the Speaker with an ad- dress to the Prince Regent on the peace, the house was acquainted that the Duke of Wellington waa in waiting. His admission being resolved, and a chair being set for him on the left hand of the bar towards the middle of the house^ his Grace entered, making his obeisances, while all the mem- bers rose from their seats. The Speaker then informing him that a chair was placed for bis repose, he sat down in it for some time co- vered, and the merobert resnmeci their seats. He then rose, and spoke, uncovered, to the foUowiag effect : " Mr. Speaker ; J was aniioos to be permitted to attend this House, in order to return my tbanka in person for the honour they have done me in deputing a committee of their members to congratnlate me on my return to this coantry ; and this, after the house had ani- mated my exertions by their ap- plause upon every occasion which appeared to merit their aj^roba- tion, and after they had filled op the measure of their favours bj conferring upon me, at the recom- mendation of the Prioee Regent^ the noblest gift that any subjebt had ever received. I hope it wiQ not be deemed presumptnoos ia roe to take tins opportanitj of expressing my admiration ol the great efforts made by this house and the country at a moment of unexampled pressure and dif!icQltr> in order to support the great scale of operations by wliich the contest was brought to so favourable H termination. By the wise policy of parliament, tho' government was enabled to give the necessaiy support to the operations which were carried on under my direc- tion 3 and I was encouraged, by the GENERAL HISTORY. ilS9 the confidence reposed in me by hit Majesty*! mtnistere^ and by the commander in chief, by the gn- cious favour of his royal highness the Prince Regent, and by the re- liance which 1 had on the support of my gallant friend^^ the general officers of the army, and on the bravery of the officers and troops, to carry on the operations in such a manner as to acquire for me those marks of the approbation of this house, for which I have now the honour to make my humble acknowledgments. Sir, it is im« possible for roe to express the gra- titude which I frel;«I can only assure the hoase, that I shall al- ways be ready to serve his Majesty m any capadty in which my ser- vices can be deemed useful, with the same zeal for my country which has already acquired for me the approbation of this houBe.*' This speech was received with load cheers, at the end of which the Speaker, who had sat covered during its delivery, rose, and thus addressed his Grace : " My Lord,— Since last I had the honour of addressing you from this place, a series of eventful years has elapsed -, but none with- out some mark and note of your rising glory. Tlie military triumphs whH:h your valour has achieved, upon the baoks of the Douro and the Tagus, of the Ebro and the Ga- ronne, have called forth the spon- taneous shouts of admiring nation^. Those triumphs it is needless on this day to recount. Their names have b;en Written by your con- quering sword in the annals of Europe, and we shall hand them down with exultation to our chil- dren's children. ' it is noti however, the jprandei^ of military succesi which his alooe fixed our admiration, orcommand- ed our applause ; it hai been that generous and lofty spirit which in- spired your troops with unbounded confidence, and taught them to know that the day of battle ww always a day of victory | that moral conrage and enduring forti- tude, which, in perilons timei» when gloom and doubt had baaet ordinary minds, stood neverthetoii unshaken ; and that ascendancy of character, which, nniting tlie ener* gies of jealous and rival nationa^ enabled you to wield at will thft fate and fortunes of mighty em« pires. For the repeated thanks and grants bestowed upon you by thlt house, in gratitude for your many and eminent services, you have thought fit this day to offer us your acknowledgments ; but this nation well knows that it is stiB largely your debtor. It owet to you the proud satisfaction, that amidst the constellation of ilhis* tnous warriors who have recently visited our country^ we could pre«> sent to them a leader of our own, to whom all, by common acda- mation, conceded the pre-enii« nence j and when the will of hea- ven, and the common destinies of our nature, shall have swept atvav the present generation, you will have left your great name an Im- perishable monument, exciting others to like deeds of glory,— and serving at once to adorn, da- fend, and perpetuate tlie existence of this country amongst the ruling nations of the earth. It now remains only, that we congratulate your Gi^ce upon the high and important mission on which you are aboQt to pro- ceed, and we doubt not that the UO] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. same splendid talents so conspicu- (ius in war, will maintain with equal auihority, firmness, and t/;mper, our national honour apd iiiteretts in peace/* His Grace then withdrew, mak« ing the same obeisances as when he entered ; and all the members rising again, he was reconducted by the seijeant to the door of the bouse. After he was gone, Ij)rd CcLstlerca^h moved, that what the Duke had said on returning thanks to the house, together with the Speakrr*s answer, be printed iu the votes, which was agreed to nem» con. This was the termination of one of the most impreat an bumble address be presented to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, to pray his Royal High- ness that he will be graciously pleased to acquaint the house, by whose advice his Royal Highness was induced to form the " fixed and unalterable determination ne- ver to meet ber Royal Highness the Princess of Wales upon any occasion, either in private or pub- ^lic,** as communicated by his Royal Highness to her Majesty} together with the reasons submit- ted to his Royal Highness, upon which such advice was founded.** The motion being .seconded, Mr, Bathurst denied that it was within the province of the House of Commons to interfere in this case He observed, that there had been no prohibition against the Princess's attending her Majesty's drawing-room, and the Prince had only signified his intention i>f not meeting her there. He said it was not an unusual thing for mem- bers of the Royal Family to be ex- cluded from the court of the sove- reign; and referred to the frequent dissensions in that family during the reigns of George I. and II. He did not conceive that the re- striction of the Princess from at- tending the. Queen's drawing- rooms during the present month necessarily implied animosity toi- wards her. The unhappy clitier- ences between the I^ince and Princess of Wales might have ari- sen from difference of tasle, or other 1*«3 ANNUAL REGISTER, I8I4. Other causes unconnected with guilt or innocence. With regard to the minute of council to which the honourable gentleman bad re- ferred, it made a distinction be- tween criminality and minor charges, and therefore was not so complete an acquittal as had been represented. He deprecated these appeab to the public as injurious to the peace of the Royal Family, and said^ that the house was now called upon to interfere merely about the etiquette of a drawing- foom. Mr. fFkiilread comm9nted with severity on the speech of the right hon. gentleman as special, minute, wavering, assuming a right to ex- clude, yet seeming conscious that the party advised had no such right. He contended that a great indignity, a cruel pnnisbment, had been inflicted on an innocent per- son, who had been protected by the King as long as he enjoyed the use of his faculties, and was now to look fdr other protectors. He said, that in the cases of George J. and 11. the charges were spe- cific. George II. directed the pub- lication of all the letters that pass- ed between bis son and himself, and ciroilated them among the fo- reign ministers, that all the world rourm'Ju^pw the grounds on which h^%d acted. How different the schemes now devised to attack a woman, and contrive obstacles to her defence 1 He dwelt with much warmth upon many of the circumstances attending the pre- sent case, and concluded with hoping that the Princess, if denied the protection of this house, would assert her right to appear at couct, and dare the advisers of the Re* gent to execute their intentions. Air, Stuart IVorUey said, he could not vote for the oootion, ndl thinking it^in parliamentary form % but he could not help saying tftiat he thought the present proceedings against the Princess of Wales wers cruel in the extreme. Some other members, who joined in the dc* bate, also expressing their ^sap* probation of the motion, Mr. Me- thuen consented to withdraw it. It was not, however, the inteo-- tion of the hon. gentleman to withdraw the subject entirely from the consideration of the house; and having given notice of an in- tended motion relative to the Prin- cess of Wales, he rose on June 23d to introduce it. He declared, that in deference to the opinion of the house, he should not retrace his former steps, but should cod* fine himself to the topic of her Royal Highness*s income. After expressing his regret and aslonishv ment that nothing had yet been done to ameliorate the condition of the Princess, he proceeded le make a statement of her present income, which was only five thou- sand per annum, independent* \y of the Prince Regent's plee* sure 'j and he concluded with mov- ing, '^ That this house will, on Tuesday next, take into considc* ration the correspondence commu- nicated to the Speaker on Friday, June 3d, by h^r Royal Highnesi the Princess of Wales. Lord Castlereagh, in his reply, observed, that this was the first time parliament had been told that an increased provision for her Royal Highness was the object which her friends bad in view; but all hough he was happy to find this the declared purpose of the motion, yet he would depart from that dry consideration so far as was necessary to distinguish those topics GENERAL HISTORY. [143 topes wlucfa bad anfortnnately been bioagfitfortirtTd in that house, and the ooffr tendency of which was to diitarb the public mind. His lonhhtp then, in a long speech, wiiidi seemed intended to supply the deficiencies of the ministers in tiie fonxier debate, touched upon Ibe subjects in the Princess s let- ters to the Queen and Regent, and ooDtended gainst any right be- longing to ber of demanding aJ- misaioQ to ber Majesty's drawing- room. He said, her Royal High- ness had t>een made the vehicle of direct insaU on tlie character and ct>nduct of the Prince Regentf and defied any person to shew that his Kojal UighnebS ever betrayed any thing of a vindictive nature towards ber. He entered into the particubrs of the pecuniary ar- rangements between the Prince and Princess, and proved that he Kfl made her a large allowance compared to his own income. He warmly deprecated any counte- Banoe given by that house to an attempt to degrade, in the eyes of the nation, that family '* which brotigbt liberty with it into the coooiry.'* With respect to the suggestion of the hon. member, he said, he had uo objection to meet any proposal which might here- after be made on the part of the Princess of Wales; but he must •b«ect to the present motion, as being little calculated to lead to the object which the mover pro- fesscd to have in view. One fact brought forward in bis lordship's speech deserves notice : it was, that there is in existence an in- strument, dated in 1809, signed by the Prince and Princess of Wales, approved of by his Majes- ty, and to which his signature and that of most of the ministers of the time, is applied, which pro* vides for a distinct establishment for the Princess, and admits the fact of the separation as inevita- ble. Mr. Whitlread began a speecb with disclaiming, on his part, and on that of the other friends of tht Princess, any objects which they dared not avow, and particularly the purpose of obtaining money ; and he also declared, that as far as he had an opportunity of know-, ing her sentiment, such was not the object of the Princess. He then replied to the topics dwelt upon in the speech of the noble lord, and reminded him of the ho- nourable part he him were its consequence to be the resignation of any of her rights. Several other members spoke on the occasion -, but it seems unne- cessary 10 repeat the substance of a debate which was little more than a recapitulation of facts and argu- ments already laid before the house. L>ord CasUereagh having inti- mated that there would be no dif- ficulty in obtaining the consent of the Prince Regent to an increase of the Princess's income, and it . appearing to be the wish of the house that such a measure should take place as coming from the crown, Mr. Mctkuen asked his ]«rdship what was his intention in this respect ; and Lord C. signify- ing his assent^ Mr. M. withdrew his motion. On July 4tb^ the Chancellor of the Exchequer moved the order of the day for the House of Com- mons to go into a committee on the documents on the table re- , specting the Princess of Wales. A debate ensued on a point of form, during which Mr, JVhitbread af- firmed that no cause for the mo- tion had arisen from the Princess herself^ who had made such eco- nomical arrangements, that at this moment she was not indebtrd a shijlingi and had given no author- ity for any application for the in- o^'ase of her inconfe. The committee being at length gone into, lAird Castiereagk rose. And began M'ith a statement de- itigncxl to correct some misappre- hv.nsiui]^ respecting the income of the Princess, and to prove t! rality of the Prince Kcgenl matter. He then entered the conaideratioD of aixrh crease to the Princess's iw would enable her to maioi establishment more suited station in this country ; i tliougbt the most desirable sure would be to raise it ( point to which it would be in the event of the death Prince Regent; and his p was, that the net annual i 50,000 1. should be granted Princess of Wales, and tl 5000 1. and the 17,000!. p which she at present enjoys, be withheld from the Prin gent's income. A conversation follow« which Lord Castlereag/k hinted that the increase Princess's allowance had bt object of her friends. Air JVk rose again to disclaim ani motive as applying to himse conclusion he said, *' As provision which is to be nv this vote, it is large, much tiian any of the friends ( Royal Highness could bav< templated, if such an idea h tered their minds. It is fi Royal Highness to consider thcr she shall think proper cept the whole of it. 1 bs doubt that she will act wit nity and propriety } and calls in advisers on the sub m hope she will call in such i support her in her own bono ideas/' The resolution proposi Lord Castlereagh was agrc unanimously. On July 8th, the rtpoit < committee being brought Lord Castiereagh called uie dMbaltlter tothe hrgerotrnmlkTiimjlhaa^tUMt iiMDcmofWaki, thiogt pracMljli thiniiMrilCiMi* jMiauited tbat it tiod at b«fiiie, tfnd dM not feador MliifiKtorjr to hor theFrinoMkaiAiMdoftbftpftH ii«MDfDktfie&riUi tectkmcftlieMBaift. . . iojooo L per ann. We thcU not npoirt any fiurtlwr * 95iOool. His particBUnof tlw.copfefiiitifltton hat ne sliould not thia oocaiilin'^ . wbicb tanninatBd taibnutciDg to the in adofitiitf Load CaitloaaMh'a ■k ion he had made, amendmeotof 35«boo(L iuUbad of ^aofiootljr appriied 50*000/.; and a bUlivniOffdondlo feMtiof the intend- be brovf ht in, coofcriwnMy lo the U bar replj to this resolntions; It afienriBds pasaad pJbo had stated her into a lav. iHeept the grant The trial and oon? ktkm of ber^ It was clogged with tain penbns on the cbaige of aooo.* derogatory to her piracy to defraud the Stock Sk« anot an act of grace ehange^ which fimnaa memoiafaie the crown, but of article in the jndiqal history of the Wpig, however, the present year, and oif which a snnH ■a as nxne conclu- mary wUl be fbond in anotbor pari i^aa being more fpe> of oor Yolume, also famished 0 Addressed to him- topic of paritaoMnlary debala^ tdo fisUow its intention; interesting to bojpassed over. .. that if parliament On Jane 10, Mr, MroaMatuli in Iftogree to a dimi- the House of Coasmona, advordag it. bad voted as an to- the trials which had ropentlt' a fersoos woold be taken place in the Court of Kinf% atecooont, at any Bench, obiervedi ^ that a charge to rcfive in that havingbcenestabfiahed against twe na connected with memben of Mrltament flmnl f^ He ended with Cochrwte and Mr. Coc^rmu Joi^ inotion. of the sum sfm^, deeply aftcting their pob^ ibf the Princess. lie and private honour, he felt it ad'affirmed that the to be his duty at no distant pcrioA le Princess, written to call the attentioo of the hdMMli liaser, was only to the subject. And after sdmecooM i^ecquiescence in vecaation on matter of form, he loosed, without le- gave notice of a dfty on wUbh he MMt of the sum.— should moVe for a copy of theoon« siCatioo in sayings viction. This instrument befaig ilted on the subject aooordingly laid before the Houses ib^hness, he had the Hon. Gentfeman, on Jtone 04^ pimoa that the sura moved for its being taken into eon* » oircumstauces re- sideration on that day se*nnight, H: 55#ooo/. woold and that Lord Cochrilne should be wtA Ar &M her pur- brought up, if he desired it, 00 that iNHtthe som were day by the Marshal of the JKjpg*s -X ,fL] Bench U6] ANNUAL HEOISTEB, 1814. Bench Prison^ wbicb motion \Bas i^greed to ; and il waa ordered that * 'notice should be sent to Mn Andrew Cocbrana Johnstone to attend in bis pkcr. on the same day. M\ MoJmes then rose, and bj the express desire of- Lord- Coch- rane moved, '^ That there should be bid before this House a copy of the report of the late trial upon an kKliotraentin the Court of King's Bench against the Lord Cochrane, together with his statement, or any affidavit of his filed in the Court of -King's Bench/* Mt. A. Browtte seconded the motion, and said that withoujl such an opportunity afiprded to the members of attentively looking VBOjuld have the- best opportunity atfo^dtdlhem of eludng thepuniahaaent. With respect ta the> present caae^ after Loipd Cochnme' had been told by ^he^Court that they^ could not hear a motion for a new- trial wheo he stopd alone ; on a sobsequeM> day the Counsel for fiott had mwei for an arrest of judgnient with re- spect to him, bat the Court bad delivered their opinioa seriaiim, that there was nothing in the points urged that called for such an arrest. On this occasion Lord C. did precisely what the rules of the Court had pcevented him from d^ ing. on tbe preceding day» He read from. a. paper ably writ- tec. GENERAL HISTORY. ^147 tt§tttwst to tile etidence on Iris %m\f We am give only a Trry saky- mftry accocint. Hisk)rd(hip com* Miencrd tvith fnolt soleiniil/ d&- clarifigj Tn the frrctcnce oif the Hotise, imd with the f yes of the eiMintrjr fixed o(>on hinv^ thdt he wat ir holly innoe^.nt of xhe ericne krid (o bis charge, 9Pffd for which ht hail been cf>nde Bo- rengcr (the chief conductor of the impOfHtion) appeared at hii^ h^ose. It bad liieen sworn by Loi*d C. that this was a gte^n uniform ; but in tfhe brief given to his Gcmnsci it wa9 described ns a reti coattvith a green coHar. When this contra- diction arppeared. Lord Cochrane's rotmsel, Serjeant Best, attributed it to an oversight, and declined esC- amfhihgLord Coch ratted Mrvsinti, tlien in attendance, on the point. Their affidavits, however, made before the Court, subsequently to the trial, fully went to the feet of their having seen him in a grein coat. A great part of his lord- shipV speech consisted in remarks on the conduct of the Judge (Lord Elletkborough) who tried his cause, and whom he accused of gross par- [L 2] tialiiy. tttft, mi wbMi evloctfi e profonifi kaeirMg^ cpC the kw, a mimite Attteinified of (he c^deMe which imd be«u addoeed at the Irial, ttnd oSered oerfain stfBdtfvits in sappoft of ys ifplleatfon. Did the Court fheb ehtreoeh itself behind >ts teliincal relea, or ssy that it was tod Me to gfaoc a new t#ial ? Mf. HoMtr differed frem tbe Bo0. ifid Learned 6snfletnM as to wfkUt he hod said vrith reipdct to AeexBidination of evfdeecc in thi^ ^016, m if it were entering upoti a MNT frifK "the Hduse #as nof iehtg any Ihfng in fhe ordinary edond of crimiBa! juriaprudence, bat exerdaing a species of juris- dkAion peculiar to itself, in which tbMf wm no role to prevent them fieto calling for evidence. He, fcooever, thooght chat in thi» ca»e it was ii6t necessary to call for 0ore information (ban fhey had betbfe them, attd be was ftrily sa- tisfied with the verdict of the jnry mi fhe judgment of the court. The motion waft negatived. On/aly 5, Mr, BreaHh^at/vcwfed tbe o#der of the day for taking into coDsidenition the recerd of the eonvicffon of Lord Cochrane and Mr. Gocbrane Johnstone. The SfOk^ befx>g informed that the feftner wa» in atteiuiffnce, he was istrodoced by the Serg^»nf at itA^p and wae desired to take his fbtfr. A Messenger of the Honse tbA> stated^ that on going to serve tie order on Mr. Cochi^ne JbbtV- stbne, lie was not to be fonnd ; and two Btemben of the House affirm- ed thflf fbey had seen him at Calais. hBtdCbehfane being then called ifito to state what he had to say Viv bis defence^ mode a speech^ of which, Irdia itii length, and the vsTifty of particnbrs mentioned in 148J ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. tialit^r^ endeavouring to shew tkat ia his charge to the Jury he had given an unfair view of circum- stances, and had staled things which had not appeared In the evi- dence. He concluded with im- ploring from the House a patient Investigation of his case^ and again asserted his innocence in an appeal to the Almighty. He then handed to the clerk various letten and affi- davits for the information of the House. Lord Cochrane having been di- rected to withdraw> and an order heing made to remand him into the custody whence he had been taken, L^rd Castlereagh rose to ex- press his sense of the painfiil situa- tion in which the House had been placed by its anxious desire to bear patiently all that the Noble Lord could utter for his justification, but which had been attended with much inculpation of the n?ost ex- alted characters in the country. — lie had not interfered, as he was sensible that the wisdom of Parlia- ment would be able to separate the justification from the inculpation, but elsewhere the same prudence might not be cxerciited ; and if the defence of the noble lord were to be published, it would be the cir- culation of librls and calumnies against individuals and the jui im- prudence of the country. He made this observation, that in the event of any future interposition of the law, want of due warning could not be pleaded. Mr, Broadhead then submitted his motion to the House, the sub« stance of which was a declaratory resolution, stating that " from the record of conviction it appears to tlie House, that Lord Cochrane, a Member of this Hou&e^ has upon an indictmeflt been oonvkted o^* conspiracy with a wicked andlinio- dulent intention to thereby cheat and defraud his Majesty's sub^ts of divers large sums of ooooey." Mr. Brtmnumd^ thatthe question which appeared to him to preseot itself for the decision of this night was, whether the record of the con- viction of the Court below was that document which of itself compelled the House to come to thelvote of ex* pulsion ; or whether, after all that had been said by the noble I6i4 in his defence, the House ahould be of opinion that it was iocumbeut on it to pause, and to satirfy itself upon a careful examination of the evidence, that the expulsion is the conclusion to which it must come in the exercise of that justice which it is bound to administer. He then argued, that as the noble lord in his defence, had mia void- ably adverted to the facts and cir- cumstances of the case, unless the House meant to reject his state- ment altogether, as unworthy of notice (which would render the hearing him a mere noockery) it would be impossible for it to come toany satisfactory conclusioo^ with- out inquiring into the evidence as commented upon, explained« or denied by the noble lord, llie hon. member dwelt at some length on ibis idea i and in reply to Lord Castlereagh s censure of part of the noble lord's defence as being an inculpation of the Judge, not an exculpation of himself, be asked, how he could do otherwise than Inculpate the Judge, if he had rea* son to think that his charge to the Jury, was erroneous and bis con- duct on the trial partial and inde- corous ? He ooDcludcd with mov- ing ** That the statement made bf the GENERAL HISTORY. [149 the Dobfe lord, together with the alfidnn'ti tcoompanjiog that 8tate» ineeHf be itferred to i select com- mittee; with power to examine witaeaes, and send for papers^ and that th^ do make a report there- upoo to the Hoase." The Atiomey General said that this motion rested on the supposi- tioo that the learned lord at the bead of the Coort had exceeded the iiornu of justice bj referring to a rale which rendered a new trial in this oaae inegalar. fiut in fact» whatefer the noble lord had thoQ^t neoeisaiy to state to the Cdart had been beard to the fullest extent, and it was the unanimous opbion of the Jndges that there was DO occasion for farther pro- ceedings. He entered into a detail of the maoner in which special jwiei (so mnch decried by the Noble Lord) were selected, and coDtended that there could be oo- ibing like packing them for a poli- licsl purpose. In the present ease, Mr. Cochrane Johnstone himself hadstruck 0^24 names from the48, tad those who had tried the de- ftndsotf were nearly all new men, vbose dispositions it was impossi- bfe cliat the Judge should know. Mr, Brand said he liad always cotertatued doubts of the privity of Lnrd Cochiane to the conspiracy of which he was convicted, and he' tnaaed the House would not think itadviseabletocometo a hasty de- cinoa ot a time whsn an offer was made by him to explain all that VBS roystericos in the afl^aii. Mr, Borham spoke in favour of a fbnber investigation. ifr« Ptmtaniy liegan by observ- ing* that if the bitterest enemy of the Nol^ Lord had b«en employ- ed U) iiijure his cause he could not have done it more effectually than the Noble Lord had endeavoured to do it that nighr, but he trusted the House, in considering the real merits of the case, would dismiss such conduct from its recollection. Some had appeared to hold that to impeach a Judge's charge was to call in question his integrity ; but nothing was more common than application for a new trial on ac- count of a judge^s misdirection to a jury, cither as to case or fact | which was only supposing him not infallible. As an instance of fallibility Mr. P. alluded to what the noble lord had asserted in his speech, that the judge in his charge had said that De fiereneer had presented himself to him *' blazoned in the costume of his crime,*' though there was not a tittle of evidence adduced to sup- port such an allegation. Ihe hon. member then made various remarks on the rule of court which had beea opposed to Lord C.'s motion for a new trial, and contended that it was a novelty without any princi- ple of equity to support it. On these and other grounds he thought the House should agree to a com- mittee of inquiry ; and said, as the case at present appeared, he could not sleep on his pillow if he were to vote for the expulsion. Lord Castlereagh was anxious to enter his protest against any depar- ture from the fundamental principle of parliamentary practice by any.as- fiumption of, or interfereace with the judicial functions. The motion before the House, he said, did not involve the expulsion of the noble lord, but the main question for consideration was-, whether j^e verdict of a jury should be deemed a sufficient ground on which to rest 150} ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. rest 1 motion for expuUion. If it were not, great injutiioe had been done to individuals on former oc- casions. £xpuUion eould not be eorroctly regarded as an additional ponishraeni upon any member, since the general principle upon which the bouse had always prot ceeded was, that the member es-> pelied had not delivered himself from the charge legally made against him, and therefore was not 9 tit person to remain in that house. The House must be seniuble of its incompetency to a trial of thb case, from its inability to examine evi* denoe upon oath ; and he could not but wonder to hoar the propo-t sition of submitting to a secret committee above stairs an inquiry into the conduct of the established jkribunalsof the country. Mr, Stuari fPoriley acknowt Icdgrti tiiat he had from the first entertained Nome doubts as to the guilt of Lord Coclirane, which were much increased from bis statement that night, and he had no hesita-r tion in saying that the houai ought to take time coolly to consider the casft before a final decision. If the jury 8 verdict were to deter^p mine the judgment of the bouse, why call upon the noble lord to make his defence ? After several other members had spoken on each side, chie6y in a repetition of the arguments before employed, Mr, WroHtsUy said that one or two psiciculars stated by the noble lord had made an in> pression ou his mind, yet he was •ware that the appointment of a committee would be an inconve-p uient mode of piooeq'-ding. fiut as he understood the whole trial Was to be pablisbed by authority, he thought the decision ought to be postpontd, \n ordtr to afoertatn whether the learned jiidy)e» in miog up the evidence to tbe f might not have muittedl soaw terial eireumstancr. 1^ therefore move, as an aroendnifBt^ that the debate be adjoorncd ailil that day se'nnigbt Lord CastidTfogk presaed tbeim* mediate decision j and Mr. Browne having withdrawn his motioQ for a commitiee, the House divided en the motion for adjournment^ Yeea 74, Noes 142. The dedentery resolution being then agreei te witliout a division, the House di- vided oa the cxpulsiop of Lord Cochrane i For it I4P> Agidoit il 44- The expulsion of Mr. Cochnne Johnstone was agreed to ticss. cee* The sentence prooouaeed open the conspirators, which, btaides 6nc and imprisonment, cempriied the most infamous punisbmeet ia« dieted by the law of England^ pul»^ Jic exposure on the pillorj* wtt considered by the public in genertl as extremely severe ; and when applied to Lord Cochiene, e ONOi who, besides bercdtttry ninkj had ' ai^uired honour and dliitinctiea 1^ his naval ■arvices> it seemed i$ shock the feelingt evcD of those who were most ceevinood of hit participatioa in the crime. Ae hon. member ef the House of Cam* mens. Lord SMttp^ou» tbeiefinre rose OB July 1 1, and obeerving tittt a day was aaid in the Dewapffpen to have been appiMoted for paltiag Lord Cochrane in the pUlery, m wished to be infermfd wbetliar it was the inteotiop of tbe Crowtt te remit tha^ part ef the siMtenee of t be Court of King's fieach* Imd Castlsraagk T9plymg, that it wee uaoal £ox the Ceort te fis 9 day for carrying GENERAL HISTOHY. [151 Gvtyiog itn aenlftSnce into eteco- UOD $ tet is to wbat the Crown aigjbt be adraed to do, be reidly wii Bol t»ft{Mnied 16 give an in« rveff tbe fonDer noUe lord then •Ii49 tbat he woidd Bobaait a mo* tioo to the HotiflB on the subject, whkli would be Hot an taddrass to tbe Oio^m, prajhig that the part of the sentence relating to the pflloiy might be remitted^ on tbe groand of Lord Cochraoe*s pro* KBsiooal services : and he named a daj Hm- the purpose. On Jolj I9tb> Lord Ebringion ToaCf pmvuant to notice, and said that before he proceeded^ he would beg leave to read a letter which he had received from Lord Cochrane. Its tenor was, that, liom a recent vote of his Lord- ship, he had flattered himself, that he stood wholly acquitted in his Lcsdship's mind: that he could not consent, that any past services of his should be prostituted to the purpose of [nx>tecting him from SDj part of the vengeance of those kws which he was judged to have oftoded. " If (said he) I am pOtT, I richlj merit tlie whole of the sentence which has been fined upon me > if innocent, one penaltjr cannot be inflicted with moie justice than another.*' Lord Ebringion, in coDtinuancc, aid that notwithstanding the letter of the noble lord, he felt himself eompelled, by a sense of public doty, to bring the subject before the House. He then began with ooDsidering the nature of the pu- ndunent of the pillory, which made the populace at once judges iod execatjoners, and which, from a aenae of its barbarism, was now . rarely inflicted except with regard to wretches, with whom it could not be borne that Lord C. should be hssociated. He then adverted to the signal services of the noble lord ; and stated two instances of addresses flrom that House to the crown, praying tbe ekercise of its prerogative of mercy with regard to sentences pronounced by tht courts of law. His Lordship con* eluded with moving the addi^ett to the Prince Regent of which he had given notice. The motion being seconded by Lord Nugent, a debate of con* siderable length ensued, in which a grest deal of the former ground relative to the trial was gone over, the crown lawyers urging the proofs of Lord Cochrane's guilt, and several speakers on the other side professing doubts of it, or declaring their belief of his in* nocence. Mr, Barham, who was one of the latter, proposed the amend* ment to the motion of leaving out " in consideration of his past services,** because gentlemen might vote for it on diflerent grounds. At length Lord Castltreag/t, after deprecating the interference of the House on this occasion, said that he had no diiiculty in stating, that the Crown had taken steps to interpose its mercy with respect to the infamous part of the punishment, not only as far as it related to Lord Cochrane, but to all the other parties. LordEhringw ton said, that after the communi* cation of the noble lord, which, however, he regretted had not been made sooner, he did not feel justified in taking up the time of the House longer ; and should thereSare propose to withdraw his motion. After some ^ther con- versatioOi Lord Ebxington's mo- tion. 152] ANKUAL REGISTER, nu iVm, and Mr. fi«rlitin*$ ftintad- roeot, were withdrawn j and that tenninatcd the parlianaentary pro- eMdingt in this businai. It U to be added, that a aew writ for Westminster being Usned, I^ord Cochrane was re-cboaen re- presentative for that city, not only without opposition, buttriomph- antiy. It is ihertforovie be sup- pnaod, Ibat the Wcacmj ton were prranaded of innocence i since mere sidentiona could scaroel; daoed them to connect t in such an ioopoctant rel a man who lay tmder i picioo of being in any sharer in a achenie fraud. -GENERAL HISTORY. [153 CHAPTER XIII. The Budget, En^Ksh and Irish. ON June i3tb, the House having resolved itself into a Conamittee of Ways and Means^ The Chancellor of the Exche- gu€r sBid, that he rose for the purpose of submitting, for the coo« sideration and approbation of the House, the terms of the loan which had been that day contracted for. From the unavoidable absence of many members of that House, it was his intendon to postpone, to a future opportunity, a great part of what he intended to say on the subject of the supplies and the ways and means, generally known by the appellation of the Budget. He would, therefore, confine himself to a brief state- ment of the supplies already granted, what remained to be voted, the ways and means to de- fray those charges, and the terms on wUch the loan had been con- tacted jfbr. The House would recollect that many items still re- mained to be provided for, ^moog which were the army estimates, and also the sums necessary to defray the ordnance service, vrhidk would absorb a considerable por- tion of the ways and means c( the year. The war taxes, amount^ ing to 21,000,000/. might be con- sidered as applicable to these two purposes— and he would state, in detail, the ways and means fay which the remaining charges were to be met. By adopting this course of pro^eding, he would bring under the consideration 4>f the committee the supplies whidt had been granted, together with those that still might be wanting ; and next, the ways and means, before they came to the consi- deration of the loan. The right hon. gentleman then proceeded to state the different heads of supply as follow ; SUPPLIES, Navy, (exclusive of Ordnance Sea Sisrvice) which had been completely voted The sum voted for this, last year, was 30,575,01 1/. i there was therefore a balance in favour of this year, 1,788,502/. Army (including Ireland), with Barracks and Commissariat, of which a part yet remained to pc provided •.,.••.••••.. 4. 1 8,786,599 iS,iai,i73 f^P 154J ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. The vote of last year was 18,926^537/. i the balaoce in favour of this year was theic* fore 805,364/. Extraordinaries England • . 9,30096^0 Ireland 200^000 ^ 9^200,000 Under this head, the tmte of last year was for England^ 9,500,000/. fur Ireland^ soo^ooo/. : the difierence io Csfour of thiryear, 300,000/. EKiraordinaries unprovided for lastyear .*. 6y35o,i3t Ordaanoe (inciading Ireland) that bad not been provided for .• 3>95S»^^ The amount was short of the vote of lastyear 1,145,636/. BfiaceUaoeoas, which was eqoal to the vote of last yegr 2,Sioo,0€m Vote of Credit for England . • 3,000,000 Ditto for Irdand w . • . • • aoOiOoo "■■ 3,200/ico The snrDs voted 00 this account last year, were^ for £Dg« land, 6,ooo^ooo/.> for Ireland, 200,000/. Subsidies voted 3,ooo,ot>o Ditto to be voted . . 1,000^066 Bills of Credit ahready voted to pay the Bills issued according |o agreement, by our Allies, aod guaranteed by us t,oo6,oo» ■ 1 1 III The total amount of the joint charge therefore was ^7>3^3A7^ The Separate Charges were : Loyalty Loan 7 1,320 Interest on Exchequer Bills . . 1,900,000 Ditto on Debentures 49>7^ Grant to Sinking Fund, in re<> spcct of Exchequer Bills un- provided 290/300 For payment of Excheqaer BiUa 6/}oo/>oo • 8,311,100 i**^ 75^Hi67a Frop CENERAL HISTORY. [155 FroMtbit waf to be deductwi tbe proportioD which IreUmd VM to bear^ vi& 7^919,253 CWdUst and Cooaolidated Faml 187,863 ' ■ ■ 8,407,094 Which would leave to be pro- fided for by Great Britain 67,517,478 WAYS AND MEANS. AnQoal Dqtiet 3,ooO|Ooo War Taxes 20,500,000 Lotterf aoo,ooo Vole of Credit 3,000,000 Naval Stores (£oglish proportioo) 508,545 Fust Loan aa,ooo,ooo Seoood Loan concluded this day 18,500,000 Making together the sum of 67,708,545 It woald here occor to many amounted to 21,957,000/. and fer leBtlemen that he had not taken the last jear 33,971,000/. which ciedit for the consolidated fund ; gave an increase of about a rail- Imi the reason of this was, that Son. The beer was not qw$e itiell so £Hr short in the last year equal to the last year. In 1815, im what might have been ex- it produced 2,699,000/., and m pBCtad from it; and thenefore he 1814, bot 3,585,000/. The pro- thought it wiser to permit its duce of malt, for 18 13, was growing profits to accumulate for 4,440,000/., and for 1814, Moe foture time, than to make 4,875,000/. making an increase of snr forther charge upon a fund about 480,000/. The produce of voich had disappointed their ex- British spirits for 1813, had beea fictttioBS. The right hon. gen- 3,632,000/. and for 1814, llsaiaq Ihrn staled that in the 3,969,000/. an increase of 300,000/. Customs duties there had been a On Foreign spirits an increase had Uciency; bot from the unforw also taken place; in 1813, the taaate fire which had happened at proJnce was 2,^25,000/., in 18 14, ijkQ Cuslom-houae, he was net 2,531,000/. bemg an increase of sUs to state on what articles the nearly 200,000/. Foreign wines, MdcDcies h^ arisen. The in consequeooa of the destroctioD Vacmat of the Customs dnfies re- of the vineyards in Pbrtugal, had ^fcd was 9,818,000/. which was not been productive for many !«• millions short of the expec- years, but there had been a rise titioa that had been formed. In in the last year from 947,000/. to tkf Excise the prodoce bad been r,oi3,ooo/. Upon teas there had €#oiiderabIy greater, and all the been an increase firom 3«547>ooo/. a4|ir bianchflA liad been compa- to 3,652,000/1 > and on the Post- >iti«tly floon'sihlBf . The staosp office an increase from 1,265,000/. do&i tt tbe 5th oi April, rdrj, to 1,289,000/., an increase which, although I,i6] ANNUAL REGISTER, i814. although trivial, yet proved the heue6t whicli bad arisen frooi th6 new measures that had been adopted. The assessed taxes, which included some of the taxes which had not been collected in 1S12— in i8i3> amounted to 5,880,000/. and in 1814^ to 6,339,000^ being an increase of half a million. Tho land tax which was a tixed rate, in consequence of the progress of its redemption^ was not quite so productive as the former year ; its amount in 181 3 was 1,081,000/., and in the last year but 1,000,059/. The remaining branch of the taxes was the property tax, upon which there had also been a (xui- siderable increase. The produce for 1813, was 13,868,000/.$ for 1814, 14,485^000/. ; making a •qrplus of 1,517,000/. He had now stated the general produce of the revenue in detail, and this be thought the best mode of acting, as the House would be enabled to form a judgment on the produce of the ditfereut branches. The unfortunate event to which he hnd already alluded, namely, the fire at the Custom- house, prevented him from satis- fying the House upon the in- crease of our trade, but he could with c6n6dence state that our actual rxports in the last year had exceeded in a most flourishing degree any other year whicli had preceded it. The last thing which he had to advert to, was the terms of the ' lonn. He would, how- ever, before he proceeded to uiake his statement on this subject, an- ticipate a question which his hon. friend opposite (Mr. Grenfell) would probably ask. He would perhaps inquire, whether any at- tempt had bt^n made, in urgo- ciating the late loan, to carry into effect a clause contajned in the Act of the 33d of hii Mmeaty, for appropriating part of the growing produce of the sioking Fond to the service of cbe year. In answer to this ha had to ob- seiTe, that all the parties who bid for the loan, with the exception of one gentleman, were averse to that proceeding. And loolgng to this general concurrence of opi- nion, it was thought that a better bargain could be procured bf agreeing lo the suggestion, than if any opposition were made to it : because, from the large anoooot of the loan, it was not probable that a great competition woold have been produced, if, in nego* elating it, they had acted onder the provision contained in the chinse alluded to. Finding the opinion of the contractors f^eiie« rally hostile to the propositioop and seeing there was no prabilit7» thar, for a loan of 18,000,000^ any other bidders would come for* ward, besides those who attended on the occasion, it was tboc^bt advisable to coincide in their terms, and to make the loan ob the old principle. The bargain was extremely satisfactorf , being very much in favour of the public Undonbtedly, at the present mo-, ment, when this country was at peace with all the world, except America, it was natural to eapecA that the loan would be negpciated upon favourable terms, and he was extreniely happy to say» that .^uch terms had been obtained. It was thought necessary that part of the lo;m should be taken in tht 5 per cent. Tim was not popidwr amongst the commrtors, who were much better pleased with a bar* gain GENERAL HISTORY. [15/ gain iBliiej per oenis. ; it had; homFem, been carried into effecl, and the reioh wooM be, a de- cxaatoi charge and interest, to a fCTf eoDtidenible amount. On a anal view of the labjrct, tbtt wooid not sppear to be the cate, kK a little consideration would prove, that an amount of nominal eipitai, of not leas than 4,000,000/, wooU be siTedi by taking part of the loan in the 5 prr cent. ,Hie total amount of the loan was 34,1000,000/. Of m-hich 5,5oO|OOol. waa for the service of Jrelaod, leaving to Great Bri- tain a anm of 18 millions and a Ikaif. For eterjr loo/. in money the contractors would receive a cspital of 50/. navy 5 per cent. ; 80/. 3 per cents, reduced ; 23/. iof.3 per cent, consuls. To avoid iocreasiDg the charge on the con- nfidated fund, they had for the fim time» stipulated, that instead of paying interest for the six pre- reding months^ it should tonly begin to run from July next in the navy 5 per cents., and from April last in the consols. This lyMem would produce a reduction froaithe5 percents. of 2,500,000/., ndfrom the consols, of i ,500,000/. Cilcobiing the loan on these (cnns, the interest would be found Bat to exceed 4/. 1 2#. \d, per cent. The first dividend, being ex- etDpCed from the property lax, foniied a respectable bonus : and, SI it was intended to meet the diage created by funtling for the Ktfioe of the present year, by caoelling redeemed stock in the nsDoer provided f^)r in the last *mn of parliament, the nrces- wy of burdening the consolidated 'oad with any additional charge woold thus be avoided. The most remarkable circnmstance connected with the present loan, and one which he believed had never before occurred, was the improvement which took place in the state of the funds, at a time when it was known that so large a sum of money was about to be borrowed. The actual biddings became, in consequence, so mudi more ^vourable, that almost a million of stock was saved to the public, which, if government had closed with the contractors on Wednesday last, must hnve been given to them. When tl>e funds rose so high, at the period when a lain was pending, it proved the flourishing state of our public credit, and, at th^ same timr, held out the most flattering hope, that they would continue, for the rr- mainder of the year, equally ele- vated. The interest of 4/. 12;. i^. to which were to be added the sinking fund charge, and the other incidental expenscrs, nrade a total of something more than 8 per cent, it was his intention to move a resolution for cancelling an amount of stock suflBcient to bear this charge \ and even when that was done, not less than 50,000,000/. of surplus stock would still remain applicable to the service of the country. The right hon. gentleman then moved, " That it is the opinion of this Committee, that, towards raising the supply to be granted to his Majesty, the sum of 24,000,000/. be raised by annuities ; the charges of 18,500,000/. whereof shall be defrayed by Great Britain, and of S>5oo,ooo/. by Ireland." A conversation then followed between the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mr, GrenfelL in which Ii8} ANNUAL REGIST£R/a oftred te ptar, in leply,, aaii that he thif^ which wai^ ttiat they who pcocured a niuch hotter bl came to bid for the loao were by agreaiag l# the temia oi aga'tntC toch a proceeding; at if ic b^rtfecoBtractDiOi thao Ho were neceasary fo take the adffieo posstb&y have ohtatnedt b| of those who were deeply ioter- ayiieDa ta- which hie hooi I eited ia the aoaoust of the loan, wee so partial* The right bon. gentkaum ad« The resotetiea' prBpr>aa> ^obeyad their oidm.^'ilB »pipftef the aeoorac]!t>iof ihih: sflMMBBor, Mr. F. veftrnsd to*!!^ pioceodlqp at the kst assifai o^ WnaiwwnBaaub> and t» a hstter from»ini||istiatL who had baani*aenti iatotWaai- ■M»th favth» purfosetof maMag onqirinef. These camhlllJaaa, heobserved, were not onlf tasla- chievoua in- their picseal- afiecas, hot were fbrmkkible froni' their ac- cvstoming the peiaoos oenbisiing to* habits of great caoiioswid atviat diicipiiae> which ndght landor them dangeroBS' eogines in the hands of designioft men. AootiMr onfortunate source of dtstofhaaoe was religioaa> anioiosity, and the pains that had becai taken by meana of tba press vm^ in(bm- matory speeohes to induce the Irish Catholics to bcdieve ttiat' tbe government was- not disposed to administer tlie sano justice to them as to their hroieRtani feh- tow-subjects. He hopcd^ iioweyer* that 1601 ANNUAL REGISTER, 181 that the means which had beea taken to conviace them of the de- fennination of govcroment to treat all ofienders against the public Eeace with perfect impartialitj, ad not been without efiect. Hav- ing pointed out these principal features of the tumults in Ireland, the right honourable gentleman observrd, that one of th6 great- est obstacles to the administration of the law in that country arose from the difficulty of procuring persons to give information to go- Temment, and evidence in case of violations of the peace. This was jMOtly owing to a kind of roroan- lic feeliogy and partly to a system of intimidation, which was carried to great lengths, md often pro- dooed scenes of atrocious barba* rity. Having, from various docu- ments, given proof that the ordi- nary powen of the ciidl magistrates were not sufficient to maintain the public tranquillity in Ireland, he said, that in his opinion it would be much better to invest the civil powers with additional authority, than to call in the aid of the military; and he proceeded to ataie the provisions of the bill which he was about to move for. TLey were, to enable the lord lieutenant, when disturbances ex- isted in a district, to proclaim it to be in a disturbed state, and to appoint a superintending magis- trate with a salary, and special constables with salaries. The ma- gistrate to have a house and office, bnt not to be invested with extra- ordinary powers i to be reponsible immediately to the government, and removable at pleasure, and to be called upon for those exer- tions which could not be expected from the ordinary magistrates. The special constables to be. select- ed firom fanners* sona» of that class, and to and ward in the dii the control of the s ing magistrate. Thee this est^lishment to b the district. After sc explanations, he mov leave be given. to bring provide for the betteri the laws in Ireland, I: ing superintending ma[ additional constables in certain cases." in the cenversatioQ lowed, there was a g Gurrence in the princ bill, and approbation c nessf and leave was gi in the bill. After the bill had read and committed, J July 8tli, rose, he said siderable regret, to pro] ditional measure for tl tion of the public pe land. When he broa] the bill now in progr reserved to himself should circumstancta r bringing in another of fective nature. Since dressed the house, he vourcd to collect infon every quarter of the i country, and he wns » that iu those parts of Ir the laws had been i with the greatest ae where the greatest nun victions had taken pla rorof Chose conviction! ly survived tiie cause, combinations of a mo and dangerous kind formed, which defied tions of the law as it a (t was therefore becon to entrust the Irish GENERAL HISTORY. Il6l witb I power to be exercised in caas of emergency of a nature man decmve than that of which it was already possessed; and the propositiDa he should make for this purpose was the revival of a meuoie which had received the ooctioo of parliament in 1807. It was contained in a clause of the IjMorrection Act, providing, that in cue any part of the country iboald l>e disturbed, or in danger of bung so, two justices of the peace should t>e empowered to sum- fflOQ an extraordinary sessions of the county, which should consist of seinen magistrates, who were to nuke a report to the lord-Iieute- oact that the dbtrict was -in a state of disturbance, and that the onCnary law was inadequate to the preservation of the peace : tiie lord-lieutenant, by the advice of hif privy-council, was there- cpoD empowered to issue a pro- cknafion, commanding all resi- deots within the said district to JEeep within their houses from sun- Kt to snn-^se, and that no per- loos should be suffered to be drink- Mf ia a public-house after nine •aock at night; and further, if mj shonld be detected out of their hooaes at the prohibited times irithout beii^g able to shew good oose, they should be liable to tnuportation for the term of se* ICD years. It was also required ' tbt the lord-lieutenant should order a special sessions of the {leKeto be held, at which these pOBoos should be tried, and, if Mcessaiy^ that trial by jury should bedi^nsed with. Other provi- mms sanctioned the employment of the military on occasion, ena- bled the magistrates to pay domi- ciliary visits, and break open doors if denied admission, &c. The Vol. LVr. right honourable gentleman allow- ed these measures to be evils, but the house was to decide upon comparative evils. It was by no means the intention of govern- ment to have recourse to this acl, if it should pass, on ordinary oc- casions, but ondy when all other means of quelling disturbance should fail. He then referred to the information that had been re- ceived of the otUrages that were going on in different parts. In Queen's county the Caravats were levying contributions from the lit- tle farmers every night, and sell- ing arm-3 and ammunition where- ever they could be found. A set o^ savages, called Carders, were active in the county of Wcstmeath, and kept thepoorinhabitants in constant dread of assassination, or of hav- ing their cabins burnt over their heads. These men derived their name from the operation of apply- ing wool cards with which they tore the flesh from the bones of the objects of their inhuraanityi whose offence was perhaps no more than giving a higher rent to their landlords than others, or refusing to join their lawless bands. These atrocities were not practised by one sect against another, but Catholics and Protestants we're alike exposed to them. Mr. P., in conclusion, moved, " That Uave be given to bring in a bill to provide for the preserving and restoring of peace in such parts of Ireland as may at any time be disturbed by seditious persons entf:'ring into unlawful combinations or conspiracies." Mr, Jbercrovilif said, he wa«i far from accuNing the Irish govern- ment of a desire to grasp at too- much power, but he thought the present application had not been made in a parliainentary manner. [M] The 162] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1«14 The natore and extent of the evil shoold have been made known to the house, that it might in its wisdom apply the proper remedy. The most correct manner of pro- ceeding was to refer the documents to a select or secret committee. Lord Castlereagh saw no neces- sity for such a proceeding, as the disturbances were so notorious as to be admitted on all sides. Sir Hen. Pamell said, it would have been more agreeable to him if the state of Ireland had been discussed in a committee before the present measure was introdu- ced^ since it might now be thought that the house had acted precipi- tately, upon the spur of the occa- sion. It appeared. to him neces- sary that the magistrates should be armed with additional authority, but he was not friendly to a sys- tem which punished without the intervention of a jury. Mr. Fitzgerald observed, that it was most unfortunate that the trial by jury in those parts of Ireland which were disturbed could not be acted upon beneficially, because information could not be obtained against those who violated the laws. S^me other Irish members spoke in approbation of the proposed measure, and leave was given to bring in the bill. On the motion for its second read- ing, July 13th, Mr, Homer rose to oppose the bill. He said, it was an unconlititutional measure, brought forward towards the close of tlie session, when most of the members for Ireland were absent, and not called for by any sudden emergency or new occurrence. He was convinced that it would tend rather to exasperate the peo- ple, and exaggerate the evils com- plained of, than to remc and could not consent much stronger grounds, the trial by jury, and so ordinary operation of the Mr, Peel, in reply, the bill, as being a cop which passed in 1807, ; not be thought less ne the present circumstanc country. He entered ous particulars for its tion, and said, that the from experience was altt its favour, since the veiy the act in 1807 had p unnecessary to carry it ix tion. ■Sir S, Romilly said, precedent of tho act of no weight with him, sii thought then, as he novi no such bill ought be pi committee had been ap] enquire into its necessi reason for the former i been declared that a Fn then existed in Irelan present we were art j France. Some other member same ground of the pr previous enquiry; and Grant contended that t' Ireland imperiously c parliament for a thoroug tion, since its diseases 1 and required a radical re the other hand, the bill w ed as a measure of immei sity } and at the conclus debate it was read a sec The house being in aco the bill on July 14th, Sh rose, and made a speech, pal object of which was the omission of the right in not noticing the distu isting in the province GENERAL HISTORY. [163 anJ which he attributed to the as- socnrfion of Orange- men ^ and the ooofinual provocations given by tbem to the Catholics. He fur- ther spoke against the unconstitu- tioQal harshness of the measure of enabling the magistrates to tran- iport all persons found out of their booses from sun-set to sun-rise, without a trial by jury : and he proposed as an amendment of the m, leaving out the words in clause 7th, " without any grand jury, and withoat any bill found, and with- out the Ferdict of any petit jury." Air, Peel spoke in vindication of fte Orange societies j and Sir H. ^ante/i made a reply. A division then taking place on his amend- ^*>cnt, it was rejected by 66 votes The third rending of the bill Jj^Dg moved on July 2oth, a de- lliate ensued which it is unneces- ■^Tf to specify, as it was only a *^Bcapitulation of former arguments; Vi may however be mentioned that several members expressed tiieinselves strongly concerning the idbsolute necessity of a full and general consideration of the state of Iidand. An amendment proposed Vf A/r. J. P. Grant of limiting the operation of the bill to one year instead of three being reject- ed without a division^ the bill was tead and passed. In the Hoase of Lords, the se- cond reading of this bill being or- dered for Joly 27th, it was intro« doced by Lord Sidmouth in a rch explaining its nature, and necessity for it. It was strong- ly opposed by Lord Carysfort, and objttrted to by Lords Holktrid and itanhope', but was read the se- ctmd lime, and committed. On fbe followiag day^ the house b},*ing in committee on the bill. Lord Stanhope renewed his objections, and moved as an amendment, that it should expire at the end of the next session of parliament. The amendment was rejected, and the bill passed the committee; and immediately after, it received the royal assent. In the same session, a bill was introduced by Mr. Peel for ren- dering more easy and effectual the redress of assaults in Ireland. Its object was stated to be, to induce persons who had suffered violent assaults to appeal to the law for re- lief and protection, by enabling them to procure it more immedi- ately, and without expense. No opposition was made to the bill in either*house, and it passed into a law at the same time with the for- mer. There is perhnps no instance in modern English history of the ter- mination of a long war, by a treaty which was so generally ap- proved, as that which in the pre- sent year restored peace with France. The long protraction and excessive burdens of that war had rendered every one, capable of feel- ing for the general interests of his country, impatient to see itsclosa; and if this impatience was most lively in the breasts of those who had; in all its stages, used their efforts to bring it to a conclusion j they, on the other hand, who were attached to the administra- tion by which it was actually concluded, could not fail to re- gard die work as a subject oi ap- plause. Hence, when the topic was introduced in both houses of parliament, it gave rise to conver- [M i\ «r:tio 164] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. sat tons rather than debates ; some accoant of which, however^ may justly be expected in the history of the year, as being, of itself, a matter well worthy of record. On July 28th, Lord Lonsdale rose in the House of Lords, to move an address to the Prince Re- gent, thanking him for the com- munication of the treaty of peace with France, and assuring his Royal Highness of the approba- tion with which the treaty was regarded by their lordships, as safe and honourable to all. His lord- ship then lightly touched upon the principal circumstances of the treaty, and concluded with mov- ing the address. He was seconded by Lord Je Dunstqnville in a simi- lar recapitulation. Lord GreTtville said, that if he found any difficulty in cordially concurring in the address which had been moved^ it arose from the article concerning the slave trade ; but as he had already ex- pressed in that house his senti- ments on this point, he would not disturb the unanimity which he wished to appear in approba- tion of the treaty. He then took a general view of the political state in which Europe was left by it, and particularly rejoiced at the recognition by his Majesty's government of the principle of restoration, instead of that of parti- tion which had led to so many evils. His lordship concluded with hoping that the military esta- blishment would now be reduced to what it was before the com- mencement of the war in i 7QT . The £- ferred, leaving the more compli* cated interests to be settled at a future congress. The next point to which he would advert was the principle by which the allies had been guided in the negocia- tion, which was, that no peace with France could be secure or lasting which did not leave the honour and independence of the country inviolate. With the con- quests she had mide, and the military spirit she had imbibed, it was not to be wondered at that she had required and obtained something beyond her ancient territory. His lordship then enu- merated the cessions which had been made to France, and the ac- quisitions which we had retained, and gave the reasons for both. He lastly considered that part of the address which declared that we had attained the great objects of the war. What were those ob* jects? In 1793 we had entered into the war to defend Holland from the invasion of the French. That ally was now restored to in- dependence under the bouse of Orange. During the whole course of tlie war the balance of Europe was the wished- for end of our exertions : it was now secured by the reduction of the power of France within reasonable limits. The restoration of the Bourbons had GENERAL HISTORY. [165 had atrer been the object of mini- sten, jtt he was convinced that ve CDold have had no satbfactory pace with any other government io that coontry. At the conclu- lioD of former wars we had some- rimes abandoned our allies^ and coDsuited only our own interests : the present peace was made in coDJoDction with them, and with their full approbation and grati- Qide for our services. Never did the character of Great Britain stand to higb as at the present mo- floent. The address was agreed to^ ncm. coo. On June 29th, Lord Lascelles mOTed in the House of Commons an address to the Prince Regent 00 the peace with France. The iotrodactory speech was similar to that on the same occasion in the House of Lords j and the tenor of the addrrss was to express satis- Mod with the peace, as having ^y accomplished the great ob- jects of the war ; and by the re- ttontion of so many legitimate aothorities on the continent, af- forded the best prospect of perma- oent tranquillity to Europe. The motion was seconded by Mr. Goocht who added to the sen- thaents of the former speiiker, that " to the principles of Mr. Pitt the successful issue of the war was Sir John Newport noticed the iiDpropriety of introducing topics which could not but create dis- tent What connection the Duke of Wellington had with the prin- ciples of Mr. Pitt he could not dnoover. Instead of the unvaried tfsleai 00 which y according to the tnover and seconder, the war had been conducted^ be thought there iKwwuAwar, the grounds of which, during the contest, had been so often changed. With re- spect to the declaration in the ad- dress, " that the treaty was con- siderate for the interests and the honour of all,** he said, that the interests of our fisheries had cer- tainly been neglected m the 13 th aiticle of the treaty, which re- signed the most important parts of the coasts of Newfoundland, La- brador, and the river St. Lau- rence. Mr. Rose asserted that more concessions to France with respect to the fisheries had not been made by this treaty than by former treaties with that country -, and he pronounced the hon. baronet*s statements on this head to be alto- gether visionary. Mr. fVilherfiree spoke much in favour of the general spirit of the treaty, and particularly commend- ed that article by which it was stipulated that no persons belong- ing to the ceded countries, or any others, should be molested for any. opinions or conduct which they had adopted under a different go- vernment. He was the more anxious to refer to this stipulation on account of the affecting intel- ligence firom Spain, where many of the noblest characters in the late government lay under a severe persecution ; and he instanced Signor Arguelles, from whom he had some time before received a letter, mentioning his intention of moving in the Cortes the abolition , of the slave trade. This led the hon. gentleman to allude to that article of the treaty on which -he had already expressed his opinion ; and as he did not wish to disturb the unanimity of parliament, yet was desirous of preserving his own feelings from fuisconstruclion, he would 16S] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. would propose the following clause as an amendment to be inserted in the address : '* That, with re- ference to the first additional arti- cle, this house having, on the 21st instant, humbly conveyed its sen- timents to his Royal Highness, we defer the expression of any farther opinion until the whole matter shall have been discussed and settled at the approaching congress, to which it is stipulated to be referred under the said arti- cle ; relying on the known justice and humanity of his Royal High- ness, that no effort will be want- ing on his part to give the fullest 0.04 speediest effect which the cir- cumstances of the ncgociation nay allow, to the wishes so re- peatedly declared by us, for the total abolition of the slave trade/' Lord Castlereagh had no objec- tion to the amendment, and it was ordered to stand as part of the mo- tion, nem. con, Mr, hnrlnir said, that instoal of being partial to the system of Mr. Pitt, he could not but consider the false policy pursued by this country in his time, as the sole came of producing that military monster which the united efforts of the allied r wers liad at length succeeded in crushing. He gave credit to his Majesty's ministers for the wisdom which had directed their co-operation on the late occa- sions, and was ready to admit that the country had nothing to com- plain of in the commercial regula- tions of the treaty. He thr :ght, hov\evcr, we had been some\*hat too liberal in what we had given up } and he made observatioi?8 on some particular points oi the treaty. Mr. Siuar{ Wortley entirely coucuned in the opinion that the war had the same object from tho beginning to the end; for the three distinct objects which bad been assigned to different periods were in fact one and the same. Mr. J, P. Granl said, that he differed from the last speaker. We had not put down French prio* ciples by our oppfisition to theiHj but they had put themselvrs down by being incompatible with hu-» roan nature. We had procured no indemnity for the past, though we had procured security for the future, which, indeed, was the only security that a wise govern** ment would look for. The ovcr-» tlirow of Buonaparte was not owmg solely to this country or its allies, but was owing more to himself than to any resistance which had been made to bioi. The hon. gentleman then made some strictures on the treaty, par- ticularly the suppart given to the claim of Sweden upon Norway. and the acquiescence in the nlave trade. Mr. Canning defended the con- duct of minisiers v.ith res|>cct to the last point, though he acKnow-i ledged that he did not believe that if the abora-on hid been insisted upon, it would have been a ques- tion of war or peace with France. He entered ar some length up- on other circumstances relative to tl:c war and the treaty, and employed his well-known elo- quence in high panegyric on the spirit wit() which the war had been carried on, and in exultation on the mai)nt-r in which it had terminated. After various observations from other members, Mr IV/nthread rose, and began wiih some spi-?- rited remarks upon the speeches of the mover and seoooder of the acldress. GENERAL HISTORY. [167 addroH^ who bad arrogated all wisdom to the supporters of the wir, aod ascribed nothing but error to all who^ with himself, bid thought and acted on opposite priodples. He tbea said, the tiflie was coicte in which he could tdl the Doble lord (Castlereagh) that eicepting the article respect- iDg the sUve trade, he had fully aod completely deserved that con- $deoce which be reposed in him. Inhisopioion, nothing in the noble lord's conduct did him more honour thanhafing £iirly tried the experi- xsent of negociating with the then mier of France ; and though the papers of the negociation at Chatil- lon had not been produced, he was fiilly convinced that it bad been broken off only in consequence ofdie folly and madness of Buo- o^rte himself. There had been 00 evidence of the impracticabi- lity of such a measure till the no- Ue lord had tried it ; being then foQod impracticable, no man more rejoiced in the restoration of the Boorbons than he did. L»rd CcLstlerQogh commenced a ipeech with expressing his grati- tode for the candour and liberal- ity with wbkh he had been treated I7 the house, both during his ab- leoce from it, and now upon his nttun. He then entered upon ncfa explanations as might be ex- pected &om bim, relative to the treaty in wbicb he bad been in« ttmmental. With respect to the Dcgodations at Chatillon, he could CDofidently assert, from the means of information afforded during their omrse, that the mind of the individual who thpn ruled France Wat 10 deeply wounded by the tnosactions which had occurred, that DO secare or durable peace ^onld l)|ive bieo xnade witb bim. He had, however, felt satisfied, that as long as this person should con- tinue de facto at the head of the French government, there was no other alternative than to treat with him. The house would re- member that he (Lord C.) had gone expressly to treat with him, in conjunction with our allies. The projet which they gave in at Chatillon M'as framed after be had been suecessively victori- ous in five engagements, and when a considerable uncertainty prevailed as to the final issue of the campaign. At the same mo- ment the allied powers entered Into that solemn compact at Chau- mont, by which four of them en- gaged to bring into the field 600,000 men , the most important contract that perhaps the history of European diplomacy could fur- nish. An impression had gone abroad, that the negociations at Chatillon had been broken off in consequence of the transactions which had taken place at Bour- deaux ; but this was entirely un- founded. These events were in- deed known at Chatillon, but the progress of the negociations was not suspended until the allies were clearly convinced that Buonaparte was trifling with them. His lord'- ship then proceeded to state the principles by which Great Britain bad been guided in negociating the treaty under consideration. He said, the language uniformly held by this country to the continent had been, that if the people pf Europe werp willing to fight for their own liberties, England would stand by them 5 but if they shrunk from the contest, then England was determined to do justice to herself, and provide by her own 9trengtb for ber own security. He 168] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. He then went, through the parti- culars of the treaty with* France, which it is unnecessary here to repeat^ and he expressed liberal sentiments on the prqspect offered of future amity and good will be- tween the two countries. *' If," said he, '^ no other blessing had been derived from all that has hap- pened, it would be no unsatisfac- tory one to ferl that the spell is dissolved by which Great Britain and France were supposed to be necessarily enemies/' His lord- ship concluded a speech, which appeared to obtain the general applause of the house, by a com- pliment to the vigorous and sled- fast conduct of the Prince Regent at this momentous period; and the Address, as amended, was agreed to without opposition. Op July 30th, the Pnnce Re- gent came in state to the House of Lords, and being seated on the throne in full robes, with his great officers ranged on each side, and the peers being present in their places, a message was sent to the House of Commons, requiring their attendance. The Spes^ker shortly after arrived, accompanied by several members, and present- ing to his Royal Highness the vote pf credit bill for three millions, made an address to him, in which he recapitulated the principal pro- ceedings of the house during the session, and adverted to the great and glorious events which had made so happy a change in the aflairs of Europe., The Princ-c Regent then deJi- yered a speech to the following pfTct. After lamenting the con- tinuance of his Majesty's unfor- tunate indisposition, he said, that pu assuming the jwwcts of go- ytrnment which that c\ent bad placed In his hands, he ha mined to adhere to the line licy which his Majesty had ed, and in wh?ch he fdat ous support from parliame] all classes of his Majestj jects, and from the valour Majesty's forces by sea ac That he had the satisfac contemplating the full plishment of all the obj< which the war was und or continued, and the Bt verance of Europe by the c ed exertions of this nation allies, from the most op tyranny under which it hi laboured. That the restor so many of the ancient ments of the continent a the best prospect of the nenr.'*. of peace, and that forts might be relied on approaching congress for ci ing the settlement of Euro] principles of justice and tiality. That he lamented t tinuance of hostilitirs w United States of Americj notwithstanding the unpi aggression of the govcrnn that country, was sincerel rous of the restoration of p conditions honournble to but that until this object be obtained, parliament wc the necessity of his employ means at his disposal for cuting the war with incra gour. His Royal Highness then ed the House of Commons liberal provision they had n the services of the year, a verted to the necessity of taining for a time a body ol in British pay on the coi He concluded with assurii Houses that full justice wi GENERAL HISTORY, H69 ^end throughout Europe to the mso/f perseverance displayed} by tliif oouDtry amidst the couvul- Atxii of the continent, and with apressiog his persuasion that they woald ascribe the advan- tfl^ they have possessed^ under Providence, to that constitution which for a century it has been the obj^ct of his family to maintain unimpaired. The Lord Chancellor then de- clared the prorogation of parlia* raent. CHAPTER 170| ANNUAL REGISTER, 1«I4. CHAPTER XV. Naval Transactions. — Attempt by Sea and Land on Leghorn, — Capture of La Ceres. ^Capture of VAlcmene and Ulphigenie. — Capture of La Terpsichore. — Capture of La Clorirtde.^^ Capture of La SuJtane and L Etoile, — Capture of the Essex American Frigate. — Capture of the Frolic American Sloop. — Capture of the Reindeer British Brig hy the IVdsp American Sloop. — Destruction of the American Privateer Gen, Arnold* THIS year, like several of the preceding, has been destitute of occasions tor any of those great actions which, in the former part of the war, conferred so much celebrity on the British navy. The attempts of the French ruler to re- gain maritime consequence, were so effectually thwarted by his ambitious projects on land, and their fatal results, that the equip- ment of a few frigates was the greatest exertion of which his na- val resources were capable; ind the number of those captured has peculiarly distinguished the early months of the year. After that pe- riod, one enemy alone remained to contend against the British £ag; and it was only upon those inland seas, on which that anta- gonist possesses at least divided sway, that any equal trial of strength could occur. The power- ful fleet blockading the American coast has been chiefly employed in aiding the operations of the land forces, and in small expeditions up the bays and rivers, for the pur- pose of harassing the commerce, and destroying the resotirces of the enemy. In return, the Amc- licaqa have been extremely active in annoying the British trade by their privateers, to which species of warfare they have chiefly con- fined their enterprize on the open sea, their larger vessels having seldom appnared out of port. We revert to the close of the last year for a narrative of a gal« lant enterprize conducted under the command of Captain Sir Jo^ sias Rowley, of the America, in conjunction with a land force of Italians under Lieut.-Col. Cata- nelli, the object of which was to surprize the port of Leghorn. On Nov. 29th, Captain Rowley sailed from Palermo in company with the Termagant, and having joined the Furieuse and Mermaid, and taken on board the Italian levy, amounting to one thousand men, sailed for the coast of Italy. They arrived off Via Reggio on Decem- ber 9th, having met with the Ar- mada and Imperieuse, which were detained to assist in landing the troops. This service having been effected, Lieutenant-Colonel Ca- tanelli proceeded to Lucca, which was surrendered to him, and a party of marines took and destroy- ed a fortified signal-station. Ca- tanelli afterwards repulsed with loss CJ^NERAL HIS'TORY. [171 of troops from the IJBgliorn and Pisa to attack bim at and the weak state ing garrison of Leg- imed from the pri- detrrmincd to make Ml that place. The ttgfij proceeded for lnv and the troops^ ines^ were landed on tt that evening they I of the suburbs of d on the following marines were attack- t road by a copsider- the enemy, infantry dih two 6eld-pieces. d the charge of the great coolness, kill- itl part of them ; and dvancing against the itry, they put them le rour. The com- Leghom was then bot without effect; now asceitained that .he place could not with any chance of IS thought expedient k the whole force, sfiected during the text morning without 001 the enemy. The .' by the assailants in ttempt was inconsi- ;of the adverse party at from 350 to 300 cwded, and prisoners. sillier, of the Niger, 3 on January 6th, to Dixon at Rio Janei- it of the capture of a te. He stated, that » the. island of St. e preceding morning, lie of correcting his discovered a strange iediately gave chase. in company wjth the Tagosi Cap- tain Pipon. The chase continued all that day, and at daylight on the 6th they were only a mile and .a half from the object of pursuit. The TaguB being to windward, was first enabled to open its fire« which was briskly returned by the enemy I when, after a few broad- sides, the Frcnoh frigate's main- top-mast was shot away, and her escape rendered imposuble. The Niger then coming ap, firtber le- sistanoe would have been an use- less waste of lives; the French ship, therefore, firing another broadside, struck her coloars. She proved to be La Ceres, of forty- four guns and three hundred and twenty-four men, commanded by the Baron de Bougainville, only one month from Brest, on her first cruize. llear-Admiral Durham, com- mander-in-chief on the Leeward Islands station, reported in January his success in the capture of two French frigates. On the i6lh of that roontn, the Cyane having given the signal for two strange sail, chase was immediately made, and the Venerable, by superior sailing, came up with them at the close of the day, leaving the Cy- ane far astern. The lecwardmost of the ships bdng hailed to sur- render without effect, a cannon- ading began, when she made a bold attempt to lay the Venerable on board, but the consequence was, that she herself was boarded and taken. She proved to be the Alcmene, a fine French frigate of 44 guns, commanded by M. Du- crest de Villeneuve, an officer of merit. Her resistance cost her thirty men killed and fiily wound- ed ', the loss in the Venerable was inconsiderable. Her oooaort, in the 172] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Uic mean time, made htv escape, but the Cyanc having kept her in sight, she was pursued during the night and the two following days, and at length was overtaken and captured by the Venerable. She was the Iphigenie, a frigate of the largest class, fully manned, and like her consort, entirely new. They bad sailed from Cherbourg on a cruise in October. On February 3d, Captain Hayes, of his Majesty's ship Majectic, being on his way from St. Michael to Madeira, at daylight descried three ships and a brig of a suspi- cions appearance in the S. S. £. two of which gave chase to him. Onapproachingflie discovered them to be two 44 gun frigates and a 20 gun ship ; and he bore down to the headmost frigate, which short- ened sail, and brought to for the others to close. Captain Hayes made all sail, in hopes of getting alongside of her brfore this could be effected, but was foiled by her wearing and joining the other; and the whole, with all the sail they could carry, stood to the S. S. E. Somewhat past two o*clock, the sternmost frigate hoisted French colours, and opened a fire from her aftermost guns. It was returned by the Majestic with such effect, that at forty-nine minutes past four she struck. The wind increasing, and the prize being in a state of confusion. Cap- lain Hayes was obliged to stay by her, and suffer the rest to escape. The captured ship was the Terp- sichore, of 44 ^uns and 3 20 men, which, with her consort the Ata- lante, sailed first from the Scheldt, and last from L*Orient. The loss was inconsiderable on board the Terpsichore, and none on board the Majestic, A well - fought action I an English and a French was reported on March ist 1 tain Fhlllimore, of the ] Having parted company night of Feb. aist, with tJ pon, in chase of a vessel, deavouring to rejoin her 25th, he perceived, inlat. 4; long. 9. 30. W. a sail, to w gave chase. She was sooc vcrcd to be an enemy's and the Eurotas having vantage m sailing, was to bring her to close actio five in the evening. A d engagement ensued, the lying broadside to broad which all the masts of the successively fell, and tli and mizen masts of her nist. At ten minutes afu the French ship slacker fire, and by the help of he ing fore- mast got out o Captain Phillimore was n* ged, through loss of bio a wound, to quit (he quart and give up xhr. commanc first lieutenant Smith, b^ exertions the wreck was and the enemy was kept during the night. On 1 day, before twelve, the was fiilly prepared to rci action, and was fast cor with the enemy, when, * mortification of all on boa sail were observed cross chase, the Dryad and who deprived the people Eurotas of the grati heat 101 ing her colours struck t The French ship proved 1 Clorinde, Captain Dennif of 44 guns, and a picked 360 men. Her loss in tl was computed at 120 ta GENERAL HISTORY. [173 if IkEuTOtas was 20 killed^ and pvoDoded. Ob March 26tb, the Hannibal, 74 guns. Captain Sir M. Sey- mf, and the Hebrus frigate^ [Main Palmer, gave chase to two Dch frigates near the coast of Doe, one of which^ the Sultan, 14 guns, was soon captured by Hannibal off the isle of £as, was broaght into Portsmouth Lhe 28th. The other was pur- i during the whole day by the bras, and at midnight had d>ed the race of Alderney. She D nmnded Point Joubourg to into the bay of La Hogue, xe, about one or two on the >wing morning, the Hebrus^ Diog in between her and the ne, brought her to close action. er an obstinate combat of two ,n and a quarter^ the ships al- t touching, she struck her co- »- It was necessar}' imnie- ely to put the heads of both m off shore, as well through refacnsion of grounding, as in •r to get clear of a batter)' on re, which had been tiring at b« not being able to distinguish • from the other. The prize I UEtoile, <^^44 g^^s and 320 D, commanded by M. Phllli- t, who was returning with La tane from a four months* cruise the westward. She had 40 led, and upwards of 70 wound- , in the action, and the loss in i Hebrus was considerable, a- 3aDting to 13 killed and 25 Mnded. The American frigate Essex, iplain Porter, which had been ng cruizing on the coasts of Quth America, and had made ttny captures, especially among W English south- whalers, was at 3fih taken off Valparaiso in Chili, by the Phoebe frigate. Cap- tain Hillyar, in company with the Cnerub sloop. Captain Tucker. Captain Hillyar, in his letter dat- ed Valparaiso Bay, March 30th, informs ihe Secretary of the Ad- miralty, that on the afternoon of the 28th inst. after nearly five months anxious search, and six weeks more anxious look-out for the Essex and her companion, (a corvette of 20 guns), to quit the port of Valparaiso, he saw her under weigh, and immediately, accompanied by the Cheiub, made sail to close with her. On round- ing the point of the bay, the Essex lost her maiu-top-mast; and not be- ing able to regain the limits of the neutral port, bore up, and anchor- ed very near to the shore a few miles to the leeward of it. After some distant firing, the Phoebe closed with the Essex at 35 mi- nutes past £ve in the afternoon, when a very serious, and, indeed, unequal conflict ensued, the Che- rub much contributing to the an- noyance of the enemy. The de- fence of the Essex (says Captain Hillyar) did honour to her brave defenders, and fully evinced the courage of Captain Porter and those under his command. She was twice on fire, and did not strike her colours till her loss of men was so great, and 4ier condi- tion so bad, that farther resistance was manifestly unavailing. The engagement ceased at 20 minutes past six. The loss on the part of the victors was not very consider- able. A very detailed account of this affair was transmitted to the American government by Captain Porter, written in an ostentatious and evidently partial manner, and differing in several respects from the plain naiTativc of Ca|>tain Hil- lyar 174] ANNUAL REGtSTER. 1814. tyar, although it does justice to her loss and damage as trifl his hamaoe and generous conduct is apparent that the Ameri after the victory. The American roast have been much mi complains pf the attack as a viola- midable than the British, tion of neutral territory, and inti- The daring cntrrpriz^ oi mates an understanding between seamen, restricted for wan the governor of Valparaiso and the casions for exertion, has British commander. as in former years, broke An account was communicated Rome of those desperate { by Captain Pigot, of the Orpheus, for carrying ships at am dated Nctr Providence, April means of armed boats, 35tb, of his having, after a chase might perhaps be censu of 60 miles, taken off Cuba the rashness, were not the p United States ship Frolic, carrying tion of the spirit of the 20 32-pound carronades, and 2 matter of the first imp long iS-pounder.^, with a crew of One of these, in which fi 171 roeu, out two months from cess was obtained, though Boston. formidable loss, nppears w A very severe action, ending record. An English sc unfortunately to the British flag, consisting nt" the Plantagei took place on June 28th, lat. 48 N. ta, pnd Carnation, arrivi long. 1 1 W. between the English the close of September in brigof war Reindeer, Captain Man- ofFayal, a Portuguese ha; ners, and the American sloop of the Azores, descried the war Wasp, Capt. Blakeley. Capt. Armstrong, a large A Manners perceiving an enemy to schooner privateer, at ar the leeward on the morning of the roads. A boat was dit that day, gave chase, and about 3 to reconnoitre her force as p. m. the two vessels were yard- getting under weigh, whi< arm and yard-arm. The engage- driven by the tide near th ment was maintained with the ner, was hailed, and dr most determined spirit for 25 mi- keep off. This being imj nutes, when the Reindeer, having ble, the boat was fired h lost her brave captain, her purser, seven men were killed. T and 27 men killed and 40 wound- lish comftiodore consideri ed, among whom were almost all act as an infraction of the her oflBcers, and having been re- ity of tlie port, ordered t pulsed in two attempts to board, nation in to destroy the pi was under the necessity of striking and as the rocky ground pi her colours. Such was the injury the ship from getting near she received, that it was found nine boats, with three liet necessary on the following day to and about two hundred roe destroy her. The superiority of dispatched for the purpo men, and weight of metal, on the approaching the schoonc American side, is stated as very were received wish a n considerable. It was thought that structive fire firom a 32-p the Wasp had suffered much, but and, in the end, the pi later aocounts from her represent oxen escaped on shore^ whc GENERAL HISTORY. [175 hcd 00 the men who were de« Urojing the ship. This was ac- oxspii^ied, but at the expense of A loss of 135 killed and wounded, MmoDg whom were the three lieu- Iciuuits. Of the maritime aotions on the Lakes, dosing with th<^ disastrous engagement on Lake Champlain, an account will be found in our narrative of the American cam* paign. CUAPIER 17&f ANNUAL REGISTER, 18*4. CHAPTER XVI. American *war, — Capture of Fort Niagara. — American Gen, defeated by Gen. RialL'^Buffdlo burnt, — President's commufiu to Congress respecting negotiations. — Crov, Strong\s speech in M chussets. — Gen. iVilkinson's retreat from Lotver Canada. ^-^Acik conscience — Repeal of the embargo and non-importctiion acts," tension of the blockade by the British. — Fort Oswego stormed,-^ lure at Sandy creek. — President's Proclamation respecting vessels. — Fort Erie taken hy the Americans t and action at — Islands in Passamaquoddy bay reduced.-^ Hostages for rei mtUually exchanged.^^Americam repulsed at Chippawa.-^Ojpen in the Chesapeak. — Capture of Washington. — Elrpedition against . andria. — Failure and death of Sir P, Parker at Bel lair. ^ ExMi against Baltimore. — Death of Gen. Ros^.^^Defeat of Amertca Actions in Canada and the North. -^Failure at Fort Erie. — E& tion up the Penobscot. — Sir G. Prevost proceeds against PlaiU ''^Defeat of the British flotilla on Lake Cham plain — British n to Canada. — American sortie from Fort Erie.—Negociaiim Ghent. — Propositions commumcated to Congress. — Proceet&ti the legislature of Massachussets. — American budget. — Fort Erm cuated.-^ British expedition to Florida. — Defensive measures 5 American government. — Treaty of Peace signed at Ghent, THE unhappy war with the United States of America^ an epithet it pecaliarly deserves^ as having no great object on either side, the attainnoent of which can in the least conopensate it4 evils, was left at the latter end of the last year in a kind of sus- pension, arising from the failure of the Americans in their inva- sion of both the Canadian pro- vinces, and their retreat to winter- quarters within their own terri- tory. Another military occur- rence, not hitherto recorded, had taken place before the year closed, which was the surprize and cap- ture of fort Niagara by the Bri- tish. From the relation of Col. ! ray, the commander, to Drummond, it appears tin British troops, about 500 ia : ber, were embarked at nigl Dec. 1 8th, and early the folk morning were landed three from the fort, provided with c for a scalade. The fortress earned in the most gallant m aAer a short but spirited 1 ance; the loss' of the asss having been very small. Tl the Americans is stated, in k wounded, and prisoners at 430 officers and men, the 1 belonging to the artillery and The ordnance taken was 27 | of cannon^ and about 3000 GENERAL HISTORY. [177 %mi ftore-houses full of Land camp equipage were r prize of the victors. this affair, the American Mull arrived at the town ilo, and collecting all the 3 the vicinity, amonnting than aooo men, took post -Rj]fer on the night of ^, and at day*break on g' moved on to attack the irbo was strongly posted. vigorous resistance, the tity of the assailants forced ricant to give way,- and re- dnven through their to the town of Buffalo, ro miles distant. There a vaistance was mndc; but sort time the American ed in all directions, and he woods, leaving behind ee {Hcces of cannon. Their not known, but 1 30 pri- ere made, the rapidity of ight preventing a larger The British loss in this flciiou amounted to 112, If wounded and missing. the wounded was lieut.- ilvj, as he was gallantly the attack. After the en- itp an officer was sent with hment to destroy two rs and a sloop, part of the lake squadron, that were re brlnw the town of , which service was cffec- srformed. The town itself, abitaots having quitted it, a committed to the flames, LVI. with the whole of the ptiblic stores, and the village of Black-rock was likewise burnt. A force was then directed to move down the river to fort Niagara to destroy all the remaining cover of the enemy upon this frontier, which being eflected, the whole frontier was left clear and naked. The destruction of -the Ame- rican villages on this occasion was represented in a proclamation issued by Sir Greorge Prcvo^^ as a measure of retaliation for the acts of plunder and conflagration com- mitted by the Americans in their invasion of Upper Canada, and particularly the burning of the village of Newark, consisting of 150 houses, the inhabitants of -which were driven out to eti* counter,wit bout covering or shelter, the inclemency of a Caoadian winter. His Excellency gives se- veral instances of the moderation and regard to private property shewn by the British, and inti- mates that retaliation shall be car- ried no farther, unless fresh pro* vocation be given. On Jan. 7th, the President of the United States- communicated to both houses of Congress, copiek of a letter from the British secre- tary of state, lord Casilereagh^ to the American secretary Mr. Monroe, with the answer of the latter, the subject of which was the proposed negotiaiioiis for peace. L.ord Cnstiereagh*s letter encloses a note from lord Cath- cart, britifih embassador to the emperor of Russia » addressed to the count de Nesselrode, in which he mentions thnt the Prince He- gent had been informed of the arrival of the American commis- sioners in Russia, and though he [N] find*! 178] ANNUAL REGISTER^ 1614. fiodf reason to decline the media- tion of his Imperial Majesty iD the discussions with the United States, yet being sincerely desirous of terminating the war between Great Britain and ^Q^crica, he is ready to nominate {>1enipotentia* ries for treating directly with them, and would prefer that the con. ferences should be held in Lon- don, but if that were objected to, he would consent to substitute Gottenburgh. Lord Casttereagh then says, that the American com- mlssroners having declared their readiness to treat in London, he has transmitted this proposal by a flag of truce, and that the British admiral on the American station will be ready to give the necessary jKOtection to any persons sent by the United States in furtherance of the overture. The reply of Mr. Monroe, after expressing the Pre- sident's regret at the new obstacle which has arisen to the negotia- tions for peace, and giving reasons why the mediation of the £mperor 0^ Rubsia had been thought ad- visable, finally conveys the Pre- sident's consent to the proposal, and makes election of Gotten - burgh ibr the place of conference. The speech made by Governor Strong to the Legislature of Mas- aachnssetts on Jan. 12th, distinctly expressed the desire for peace, and the disapprobation of the reasons for war alleged by the go- ▼ernment of the United States, which rom the first were the pre- vailing sentiments in this part of America. " The friends of peace (says the Governor) are accused of being under British influence ; bat their accuseri ought to rtrflect ]prhether partialities of an oppo- site kiod have not produced the evila we aafier} and whd our conduct towards botl gerents had been impartiml] with either would hav< thought necessary. Wc \ aomed the character of a nation; but had we noc ' the dnties imposed by d meter? Had not every of complaint against one rent been amply displayc those against the other cc or palliated ? It has indec suggested, that we have i nection with France in rq the war; but when Fi^ England were engaged iai arduous struggle, and wi fered and assaulted one o will any roan doubt oar 11 to assist the other \" In the eaily part of F< the American army and Wilkinson continued to 00 position on the frontier d Canada at the French ooWi Sahnon river $ but betwi 1 2th and 16th of that mor troops abandoned this statii partially burning their * houses and barracks whi been erectetl at vast expei destroying their river cr batteaux. I'hey carried an ordnance, and the greater their military stores. Tsi menta proceeded to Sackc hour, and the remainder lington and Plattsburg, wh< Wilkinson took up hii quarters. The reason movement is stated to ha the enormous expense ino •supplying troops at such xzTivti with provisions, ar daily decrease by sickn< desertion. As soon aa tl treat was made known GENERAL HISTORY. Geoqie Prtfcst, he detached a pirtf to press upon their irear- gaud, which took possession of a qaaniity of provisions and stores^ ad completed the destruction of Ibetr hlock-hoaset, barracks^ and basis. The American general re- OHiaed quiet in his new position (i March 30th, when collecting a hi;p force from Plattsburg and Barlingtoo he attacked at an early luNur, the outposts of the commu- nkstioo leading from Odell-town to BonooTille^ and La Cole mill, Ibe chief attack being directed on the latter^ post, which was under tbe command of Major Hancock. Ibe enemy bronght a battery to Ikv opoo it, which occasioned tvoatleiupts to take the guns, but both were unsuccessful. The re- tence by the British commander, btever, was so judicious and firited, that after the enemy had fcnerered in the attack till night U, be withdrew his guns and re- baited without attaining his ob- IRt, after sustaining severe loss. uit of tbe defenders, British ^d Cmdian, amounted in killed, VBuded, and mis^ng to 61, A message from the President to CoogresSf dated March 31st, re- ttwnends to the consideration of tint assembly the expediency of lohoriiiing afler a certain day, Qportations (specie exceptad) from tbe United Stales . in vessels of Aor own^ and of powers in ttitjwith them, and a repeal of Ibekws prohibiting the importa- lioo of articles, not the property if enemies. This proposed re- Ittation of the acts restrictive of coraoicrcial intercourse evidently pnooeeded from a sense of tbe dls- tents they bad excited, and ir effect upon tbe public rcre- nue. The message was imme- diately followed by the introdtlc* tion of a bill fQr the repeal of the embargo and non -importation acts^ and tor other purposes, which passed by a great majority, and seems to have excited in the more commercial states sanguine ex* pectalions of the revival of trade, and the renewal of pacific rela- tions. A proclamation, however, by Admiral Cochrane, from Ber- muda on April 25th, was calcu- lated to overthrow these hopes* The blockade of the Amencail ports, which before extended from the southern limits of the States to Long-island Sound, and the opposite ports of New York, was now made to cofnprebend all the remaining coast northwards to the boundary of the British province of New Brunswick. The reason alleged for this extension was that numerous vessels of war had been fitted out from the ports left open, and others were now in prepare* tion, for the prosecution of th^ war against Great Britain, and frustrating the object of the block* ade. An expedition under the com- mand of Gen. Drummond, and Commodore Sir James Yeo, against the American fort Oswego on Lake Ontario, was undertaken in the beginning of May. AAer a re- connoisaoce of the defences of the place on the 5th of the month, the attack was made on the 6th, by a select detachment of troops and the squadron of armed vessels on the lake. The land'mg of the troops was effected under a heavy fire from the fort, and the enemy posted on tbe brow of a hill, and in the woods, but nothing could retard the advance of the assaiU {N 2] ants, 180] ANN^UAL REGISTER, \«14. Mitf^ who gained possession of tbe fort in ten oainutes Tbe whole of the garrison made their escape •icept about 60 men, half of whom were severely wounded. There were taken seven heavy guns intended fur a large ship of tbe Americans newly launched on tbe lake} and other guns, cordage, and naval stores, were sunk by themselves in the river. After the barracks in the town and fort bad been burnt, and all tbe da- flRage done to the works that was practicable, tbe troops were re- embarked, bringing away a quan- tity of stores. The principal ad- vantage aimed at by this expedi- tion appears to have been pre- venting the completion of the enemy's armament on the lake, and especially the equipment of their new ship, whicb was calcu- lated to carry 64 guns. Ajiotber attempt on a small scale, which had the same pur- pose in view, proved unfortunate. Captain Popham of tbe navy com- manding a squadron which was blockading Sackett's harbour, hav- ing obtained information of tbe arnval of an enemy's flotilla at Sandy creek, with naval stores from Oswego, to be thence con- veyed over land to Sackett's har- bour, resdved in concert with Captain Spilsbury upon an enter- prize for its destruction. Proceed- ing to the creek, he reached its entrance witli the boats of the squadron, soon after daylight on May 3i8t^ having with him near 200 seamen and marines. The 'boats cautiously advanced up the creek to within a quarter of a mile from the enemy, and landed armed parties on each side. On coming to a turning whicb opened the flotilla full to their 68 pounder carronade 01 they greatly depended wu< and as they were bringii pounder to bear, they % tacked by a force consi 150 rifle-men, nearly 200 and a numerous body c and cavalry. A gallant n was made for a time, but such a superiority it was ing. The loss as returned ed to 18 killed and 50 ously wounded, besides p who are not specified, I remarked, that the windin creek gave the enemy g vantage In intercepting treat. Captain Popham acknowledgments for th tions of the officers of ih rican rifle corps, in sai lives of many officers at whom the Indians and tl men had devoted to death In order to counteract tl of the general blockad American coast, tbe Prei the United States on Jm issued a proclamation, in after asserting, that tbe declared blockade of a coa 2000 miles in extent, at: in portS| cannot be can effect by any force acta tioned for the purpose, proved by the many arri departures of the private vessels of the United Stat affirming that a blockade titute of its legal cbani form no lawful prohibitio trade of neutral nations ' United States -, strictly 01 the public vessels of the States, and all private vessels commissioned as pi or with letters of raarqut rated at 5000, hav- L engaged. The firitish ring the first three hours tioo» did not exceed 1600 d the additional troops kl, Scott, did not aagment i aSoo of ail descriptions. ;« the loss amounted in mundedy and naissing to I this manner was de- notber attempt of the u to penetrate into Ca- Mpecting which, it cannot kwervation, that although 'akmr and discipline were iompbant, the improve- tbe American troops in dities was eminently con^ That this defeat, and d of succours from £u- le timely events, may be fiEom the trial of a num- ihabitants of Upper Ca* * high treason, in the f May, of whom fifteen ■nricted, out of which eight were executed at 01 in the district of Nia- Foly 1 2th. ipO^ition of the British U on the coast of the American States, had hi* 90 on a small scale, and I ntber to alarm and irri- s to produce any con- efitcts, but in this year the resolution was taken of strik* ing some important blow in these quarters. A large naval force was employed under the chief com- mand of Vice-admiral Sir Alex. Cochrane, having on board a pow- erful land force, commanded by Major-gen. Robert Ross. In the beginning of August Adm. Coch^ rane was waiting in the Chcsa^ poake for the arrival of Rear- admiral Malcolm, with an expe- dition from Bermuda. Being joined by him on the 17th, the Admiral was informed by Rear-admiral Cuckburne, whom he found in the Potowmac, that the American commodore Barney, with the Bal- timore flotilla, had taken shelter at the head of the Patuxent. This circumstance afforded a pretext for ascending that river to attack him, while the ultimate destine- tion of the oombine4 land and naval force was the American capital, Washington. To this city the best approaches are by port Tobacco on the Potowmac, and Benedict on the Patuxent, from both of which are good roads to Washington, and the distancea are nearly equal. It being de- termined to enter the Patuxent^ the admiral sent a force to bom- bard fort Washington, situated ten or twelve miles below the city ; and a man of war with some small vessels were sent up the Chesapeak above Baltimore by way of diversion. The army being landed on August 19th and 20th at Benedict, general Ross noarched to Nottingham on the 21st, and to Upper Marlborough on the aadj Admiral Cockbum in the meantime, with the barges, armed launches, and other beats of the fleet, having the marineaon board, propeeding 184J ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. proceeding up the Patuxeat on the flank of the army. When thej approached the station of €X)mznodore Barney with his flotilla, that officer did not wait an attack, but set fire to his vesseli, all of ixrhichy to the number of 17, were blown to pieces^ except one, which VTBS captured. The expedition was DOW within. 16 miles of Washington ; and the force of the Attiericans being ascertained to be only such as would authorise an at- tempt to carry the capital, Grcn. Ross determined on making it. He put his troops in motion on the evening of the 23d, and on the 24th reached Bladensburg. on the east- ern bank of the Potowinac, about fire miles from Washington. The enemy was now discovered on the opposite side of the river, strongly posted on two command- ing heights, formed in two lines, his advance occupying a fortified bouse, which, with artillery, co- Tered the bridge over which the British troops were to pass. They were in number 8 or 9000 noen, with 3 or 400 cavalry » commanded by Gen. Winder, and composed of troops drawn from Baltimore and Pennsylvania. The disposition for an attack being made, the British light brigade soon carried the for- tified bouse, the enemy retiring to the higher ground. The assailants rushed on, and with an irresistible charge drove the first line upon the second, which also got into disorder, and fied with rapidity, leaving the British in full posses- sion of the field. Of the Ame- rican artillery, ten pieces fell into the victors hands, its commander commodore Barney being wounded and taken prisoner. The British loss in this action did not 950 in killed and wounded. After a short halt. Gee marched to WashingtOD^ he reached at 8 o*dock evening, and he immediatel] the destruction of the pnblk ings. Those committed flames were the Capitol, in the senate-house and bouse presentation, the arsenal, thi yard, treasury, war-office, dent*8 palace, rope-walk, ■ great bridge across the Poto in the dock-yard were 001 a firigate nearly ready to be li|i and a sloop of war. Tbe of the expedition being e it was determined to wi the troops, before any greMi of the enemy could be aiaei and a retreat was acco commenced on the night 25 th. The army reached diet on the 39th, and re-en on the following day, bavi with no molestation on tl turn i and nothing could t complete than the sucoeaa daring enterprixoi the cr suggesting which is given general to admiral Cockbai By the capture of Wash the American goverame; only sustained a severe '. property, but incurred ro proacb from the nation, es from the party adverse to t at having been tbe oopaaii disgrace, which it bad ta effectual measures to pravi vulnerable part of the repnl now exposed, and men'a were impressed with a • imminent danger^ where b had been regarded only a piote posslbUtry. On th GENERAL HISTORY. [185 band, k cannot be GODcealcd, that the otent of devastation prac- tmd bf the victors^ brought a ba9j orosare upon the British ciiinicter» not ouly in Anierica« bnt oo the contioent of Europe. It is acknowledged, that strict dis- cipline was observed, while the tnops were in possession of Wasb- hgtoa, and private property was mikmiy protected ; bat the de- Ifeniction not only of every esta- blishment connected with war, but of edifices consecrated to the porposes of civil government, and affiirdiog specimens of the ad- .11006 ^ the fine arts among a iiBiig people^ was thought an in- Ugenoe of animosity more suit- able to the times of barbarism, ibiD to an age and nation in which intility is softened by sentiments of geQerasity, and civilized po- licy. If there be snch a thing as hu- ■niied war, its principle must ODsist in inflicting no other evils ^XKi aa enemy^ than are neces- Ky to promote the success of wiike operations. This indeed ■ly be ooDstroed so as to admit rf a wide scope of mischief, and i( viii sometimes scarcely be possible Is draw the line between alio wa- lk and illicit injury. But there as -cases in which no ambiguity custSyind those of the destruc- lioB of itfefol or ornamental works, As purpose of which is altogether fKifipt leem to be of this kind. tBntarj presents many instances if the hostile conflagration of paliees^ which have seldom failed ID be reprobated as acts of uo« anolj veogeance. Betalintfoo, indeed, has usually been the pre* iBt ibr hostilities exceeding the pieicribed measarei sjid ii^ the present case, the excesses com- mitted by the Americans in their invasion of Canada have been made the apology for the devas- tations at Washington. But it has appeared in the preceding narra- tive, that due retribution had al- ready been inflicted for those enor- mities, with the promise that the punishment should not be carried fJEirther without fresh provocation. If the matter be considered in a simply political light, it can scarcely be thought desirable that unnecessary severities should be practised, which must leave a deep and durable resentment in the bosoms of a people, with whom a restoration of the relations of peace and amity is so much to be wished. Such reflections as these will na- turally occur to every one, who has at heart the honour and moral reputation of bis country, as well as its character for military prowess. It has been mentioned, that a part of the operations against Washington, consisted in dispatch- ing a force against fortWashing- ton, situated upon the rotowmac below that city. Capt. Grordon of the Sea-horse, the eommander of this expedition, proceeded with several other vessels up the Potow- mac on August 17 th, but for want of pilots was not able, after severe labour, to reach the fort till the 27th. On the evening of that day he began the boipbardmeot of the place, the eflect of which was such, that after the explosion of a powder-magazine, the garrison evacuated it, and possession was taken of the fort and batteries at day-light on the 38th. A number of^pieces of heavy ordnance were found spiked in the works, th^ destruction 186] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1S14. destruction of which, with their carriages, was completed by the captors. The populous and com- mercial town of Alexandria, si- tuated higher on the same river, thus lost its sole protection ; and Capt. Gordon having no obstacle to his advance against it, buoyed the channel, and placed his ship- ping in such a position as to en- force compliance with the terrns which he had resolved to insist upon. The common-council of Alexandria in (he meantime hav- ing assembled, unanimously con- curred in a resolution, stating, that the forts for the defence of the district having been blown up by their own men, and abandoned without resistance, and the town being left without troops or means of resistance to the hostile force now in sight, they have with re- luctance been compelled to autho- rize an arrangement with the enemy, by which it has been sti- pulated, that during their conti- nuance before the town they are not to be molested. The condi- tions proiy)sed by Cnpt. Grordon, ind acceded to by the corporation of Alexandria, imported that the town, with the exception of public works, should not be destroyed, nor the inhabitants in any manner molested, on compliance with the following articles — that all naval and ordnance stores, public and private, be given up $ that pos- session is immediately to be taken of all the shipping, the furniture of which roust be sent on board by their owners $ that the sunk vessels are to be delivered in the state they were in on the iQtb; that merchandize of every description must be instantly delivered up, including nil such as has been re- moved from the town since the 19th ; and that rrfiresbmeots are to be supplied to the British sqiia« dron at the marker-price. This capitulation was signed on the 39th, and the whole of the c^ tured vessels which wete sea

barking the troops ; before, how- proachea to that fortress, two of ever, this could be done, the place which be carried sword in liand ) was evacuated, after blowing up the other escaped by cutting its the magazine $ and the militia cablca. This success induced Ge- who were assembled for its defimGe jienl Drommond to make an at- dispersed immediately upon the tempt oo the fort, against which landing. An American frigate, the lie opened a battery on xht 13th. John Adams, having run up the Iti effect on the enemy's works river for safety as high as the town was foch that an assault was re* of Hamden, where she bad landed solved upon, which took place two her guns and mounted them on kHml>efbreday-light ontbe 15 th, shore by way of defence, it was 4t two diffisrent points. Both un- next determined to send a party in Ibrtunately failed. In the princi- order to capture or destroy her.— pal attack, after the assailants had A naval force was appointed for Bade a lodgment in the fort this expedition under the command through the embrasures of the of Captain Barric, supported by a demi-baation, and turned the guns detachment of artillery and troopa against the enemy, some ammuni- commanded by Lieutenant Colo- tioQ took fire and caused a tre- nel John ; and for their protection mendous explosion, by which aU against any collection of the armed most all the men who had entered population, a regiment was sent to ibe place were dreadfully mangled, occupy the town of Belfast. The and a panic being communiC'i ted expedition proceeding up the river, to the rest, the attack was aban- landed at a rove three miles from doocd, and the whole retrrnted to Hamden, and on the morning of tbebittery. The lo<«s on this oc- the 3d attacked the enem^', who, oiioD wa% very serious, amount- computed at double their number, login killed, wounded, and miss* were posted in tront of the town on Jog, officers and men, to nine hun- a height, strengthened with artil- died and sixty two. lery on the flanks. After a short An expedition up the Penobscot cnntrst, ihc enemy's strong posi- rirer was undertaken in the month tion was farced, aud the frigate of September for the purpose of wait >ei on fire by themselves, the reducing the inhabitants of this batteries for its defence being de- jart of the province of Maine un- sorted. The expedition pmhed der the British dopihi ion. A com- forwards to the town of Bangor, which 190] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1B14. which wai tarrendered withoot registance; and a Brieadier Gtac» ral with a namber ot others deli- vered themselves op as prisoDers, and were admitted to parole. — Twenty two pieces of cannon were taken in these actions, in which the loss was very trifling. After this success on the Penobscot, the 00I7 remaining fortified post of the Americans between that river and fiBSsaroquoddy bay being that of Machias, Lieutenant Colonel Pil- kington was sent to reduce it, as- sisted by a naval force under Cap- tain Hyde Parker. This was ef* fected without any loss on Sept. II, and a capitulation was entered into, by which the whole brigade of the county of Washington en- gaged not to bear arms against his Britannic Majesty during the present war. On their return to Halifax, General Sherbrooke and Admiral Griflith issued a procla- mation, declaring that they had taken formal possession, for his Majesty, of all the eastern side of the Penobscot river, and all the country lying between it and the boundary-line of New Brunswick, including all the islands near and contiguous to the shores thereof; and establishing a provisional Go- vernment for the same. ' In correspondence with the vi- gorous measures adopted at this period for the prosecution of the war in other parts of the United States, the Governor General of Canada, Sir Q. Prevost, assembled all the disposable force in the low"- er province of that country, and on September ist entered the State of New York, and occupied the village of Champlain, near the lake of that name. His force was estimated at H or 15^000 men. among whom were a Dumber of veterans who had served in Lord Wellingtoo's army 9 and the oom- mander and appointments were such as to give sanguine hopes of success. His first operationa were directed against Pittsburgh, a for- tified place on f^e Charaplain, which was garrisoned bv the Ame- rican Brigadier General Macomb, with about 1500 effective men of different descriptions. The British army advanced by slow marches, gallantly surmounting every ob« stacle thrown in irs way by the enemy, and on the 6th had arrived within a mile of Plattsbargh. The following days were occupied in bringing up the battering train, and making approaches ; and it was planned that the attack should be supported by the co-operation of the British naval force on l^ke Champlain, consisting of a frigate, a brig, two sloops of war, and sonie gun-boats, under the command of Captain Downie. On the morn- ing of the 1 1 th this flotilla appear- ed in sight of Plattsbufgh, and bearing down, engaged at anchor in the bay off* the town } at the same time the land batteries were opened against the fort, and threw in a continued Mhower of balls and bombs. The British flotilla was opposed by the American Com- modore M'Donough, with a force nearly equal, and the conflict was fierce and bloody. Capt. Downie was unfortunately killed at the very beginning of the engagrmenti and the rudder of his ship being disabled, and the brig, commanded by Capt. Pring, becoming quite unmanageable, both vessels were left almost at the mercy of the enemy. The result, after an ac- tion of two bonr^ was the capture of GENERAL HISTORY. [191 of the frigate, the brig» and the nor Genera), but it is affirmed that two sloops, after a loss of 84 killed be fully justified his conduct to the and 1 10 wounded, Capt. Downie persons in power, end two Lieutenants being among An action before Fort Erie tef'* the fbrnner. The Americans lost minated more ^vourably for the 49 killed, among whom were two British arms. On September 17th otiBcers, and 57 wounded. The the Annericans stationed in that firing from the land against the fort, joined by volunteers from the fort continued till sun-set, and at- militia, made a sortie with their tempts were made by the parties to whole force, estimated at 5000 advance to an assault of the works, men, upon the intrenched position but were foiled. The destruction of Major General de Watteville, of the naval force having now put occupied by the 8th and de Watte* an end to all h(^>e8 of success, it was ville*s regiments. Under cover of thought necessary by the British a heavy tire from Fort Erie, and General to abandon the enterpize. fevoured by the weather, th^ suc- The cannon were withdrawn from ceeded in turning the right of the the batteries, and at two o*clock picquets without being perceived, the next morning the whole army and attacking the picquets and began its retreat, leaving the sick their supporters, whilst another and wounded to the humanity <^ column attacked in front, they the foe. ' Great qciantities of pro- gained possession of two of the vision wrre likewise left behind batteries. As soon, however, as the and destroyed ; and the American alarm was given, troops were as- accounts speak of finding on the sembled to oppose the enemy, by ground* or concealed, a large quan- whose steadiness and bravery they tity of shot, shells, ammunition, were finally repulsed, the batte- entrenching tools, &c. The esti- ries and intrenchments were re- mate of loss of every kind sustain* covered, and the assailants were ed by the British troops, as made compelled to retire with precipi- by the Americans, rises very high ; tation to their works, leaving two but the return sent by Sir G. Pre- hundred prisoners, and wound- Tost^ofthe loss in action of Gene- ed. The loss of the British in ral de Rottenburg*s division, from this affair was, however, very scr the 6th to the 14th of September, rious, consisting of about six does not amount to 250. Desert- hundred killed, wounded, and era, who were probably numerous, missing. are not included. The Americans While these warlike operations being now collected from all the were going on beyond the Atlan- circumjacent country, the British tic, the Commissioners of the two drew back to their lines, and every contending Powers were actively idea of penetrating into the territo- engaged in Europe in negociations ries of the United States on that for the restoration of peace. It' side was relinquished. Such a con- has already been mentioned, that elusion of an expedition from which after a proposal on the part of the so much had been expected, na- An?ericans to treat under the me- lurally excited dissatisfaction, and diation of Russia had been declin- tbe letters from Canada were filled ed by the British government, ic with ECVj?re censures of the Cover* was mutually r^reed upon that Cottenburg 192] ANNUAL REGISTEB, 1814. GotteDborg should be the place for boldiog the conferencei. Circum- stances afterwards produced a change in favour of Ghent; at which city the British Commis- noners, Lx>rd Gambier, Henry Goulboum, £sq. and Wen. Adams, £sq. arrived on August 6th -, the American Commissioners, Messrs. J, Quincey Adams, J. A. Bayard, H. Clay» and Jonathan Russell being there already. The pro- ceedmgi of this negociation were laid before the American Congress by the President, on October ioth$ and we shall extract from them a statement of those conditions which the British Commissioners, after having obtained fresh instructions from their Court, presented as the basis of a treaty. Having at a former meeting mentioned that it was a sine qua nan that the Indians should be in- cluded in the pacification, and the boundaries of their territory be established, and having expressed their surprize that the American Plenipotentiaries had received no instructions on that head, they now repeated that these objects were indispensable, and that the con- tracting parties should guarantee the integrity of the Indian terri- tory by a mutual stipulation not to acquire by purchase, or otherwise, any lands within those limits. — They proceeded to say, that the British Government consider the Lakes, from Lake Ontario to Lake Superior, both inclusive, as the na- tural military frontier of the Brit- ish possessions in North America ; and the weaker power on that Con- tinent being the least capable of acting offensively, and the most exposed to attack. Great Britain considers the military occupation of thofe Lakes as necessary to the security of her domiuo Government, however, nc ing to extend its possesnoi southward of the Lakes, ] to leave the territorial lii disturbed, with free cod navigation of the waters, ] the American Governine agree not to maintain an; cations upon or within a distance of the shores, or any armed vessels on the 1 in the rivers discharging cb into the same. Other objei tioned for discussion werej rangement of the northrwe dary between Lake bupei die Mississipi, and the frei tion of that river \ and ah a vacation of the line of fr may secure a direct oocn tion between Quebec and The British Coromissiooec elusion acquaint the A Plenipotentartes that if the feel it necessary to refer Government for further tions, they are to undent the British Government o precluded by any thing l^assed from varying the tei proposed, in such a mana state of the ivar may, in i ment, render advisable. The American Plenij ries did not hesitate to unanimous and decided tive to these demandit ; ai they were laid before C almost an equal unanim vailed in both Houses i rejection. It was, indeei fortunate circumstance government of the Unite that at so momentous a i the midst of diificuities an tents, such an opportonit itself of procuring an aoqi in the measures necessary GENERAL HISTORY. [19s tiooing the war. Although^ tfaere^ setts are impelled, by the duty o£ fore, die conduct of the presideot self-defence, to unite in the most was censured in this country for vigorous measures. 2. That per^ the unusual step of laying before sons b^ appointed as delegates to the public the transactions of a confer with deJegatea from the pending negociation, no one could states of New England on tbd be surprized that he was willing lubjects of their grievances and to avail himself of the adyantager common concerns, nd to talm Only two days previously to measures, if they think properj this communication, an alarming for procunng a convention of de*- proceeding had taken place in the legates from all the United States, legislature of Massachusetts. A in order to revise the constitotloi. report was presented from a com- 3. That a circular letter from this mittee, to which a message from legislature be addressed to the the governor respecting the war eiecutive government of each of had been referred. Amr an in* the said states, inviting to th- jects of its formation. '* The peo- sent ritoation of the country would pie however (they say) possess the be uncertain, and not be obtained means of certain redress. The but on undesirable terms, the re* framers of the constitution made port recommends, as the best provision to amend defects, which resource; treasury notes, combined are known to be incident to everr with a system of taxation. The fanman institution ; and the provi-' treasury notes were to answer for sion itself was not less liable to a medium of circulation throiigh be found defective upon experi- the states, and to bear interest roent, than other parts of the in- like our exchequer bills. The ]ist strument. When this deficiency Of proposed taxes was truly fbrmi* becomes apparent, no reason can dable. Besides increasing the di^ preclude the right of the whole rect tax 50 per cent, doubling that people, who were parties to it, to on auctions, and greatly augment- adopt another." After some far- ing others, a number of new arti- ther reasoning on this head, they cles of taxation wtrtj&Skfed, some rqx>rt three resolutions to the fol- of which might forn^ hints to lowing e0ect : i. That the cala- the oldest European financier. The roities of war being brought home estimate of the amount of the pro-^ to the territory of this common- posed augcbehtations, and of the wealth, the people of Massachu- new duties, was between eleven Yoh. LXV. [O] and 191] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. and twelve millions of dollars, more than doubling the ebtimated revenue of the year 1815. On November 5th, the Ameri- can garrison evacuted Fort Erie, having first blown up the works, and completely demolished the place, and retreated to their own shores. Military operations were at an end in this quarter. A British expedition was un- dertaken in the autumn in the gulf of Mexico, of which we have only some imperfect accounts through the medium of the Ame- rican papiTs. From these it ap- pears that Lieutenant-Colonel Ni« cholls, styling himself command- ant of bis Britannic Majesty's forces in the Floridas, issued a proclamation to the people of Louisiana, dated Pensacola, Aug. 29th, in which he stated himself to be at the head of a large army of Indians, disciplined and com- manded by British officers, and seconded by the aid of a nume- rous British and Spanish squadron of ships of war, and called upon all the sctdeni in th.it province to con- tribute their aid in abolishing the American usurpation. He also ad- dressed a letter to Mons. La Fete, or Fitte, a Frenchman, the chief of a band of outlaws or pirates, as they are termed in an American paper, who bad posted themselves in an island called Barataria, in an arm of the sea running up towards the Mississipi below New Orleans; in which be acquainted La Fete with his arrival, and made him large offers for his assistance. We hare no fiirther direct information of tiie proceedings of Lieutenant- Colonel Nicholls; but a letter from Majoi'-General Jackson to the American secretary at war, dated Mobile, September 17 th, commu- nicates an official report fire Mfljor W. Laurence of hisiooD in repulsing an attack by a Briti land and naval force upon Fi Bowyer^ on the point of Mobi on the 15th. From this relati it appears that the British expe tion bore down at noon on tl day directly for the fort, - when American battery opened on i forempst ships, and the action I came 'general. It continued seven, at which time the leadi ship was so much disabled, J cable being cut by the shot, tl she drifted on shore within i hundred yards of the batte where she was exposed to sucfc tremendous cannonade, that 1 remaining crew set her on fire a abandoned her, and she bleir at ten o'clock. Another ship a a brig retired, having svSSa much injury ; and the whole fl stood out to sea in the nig General Jackson mentions, that has since discovered that the il destroyed was the Henneiy from 24 to 28 guns. Captain 1 Hon. W. H. Percy ; and tlie otl ship was the Carron, of the m force. Captain Spencer, said to the son of Earl Spencer, the I on t>oard of which was 8^ n killed and wounded. Among I latter b named Colonel Nicoll the marines, doubtless the lieo colonel Nicholls above- mention The British land force is said have been no marines, 20 art lerists, and 200 Creek Indians. In the prospect of an indc nite continuance of the war, w more vigorous exertions on 1 part of Great Britain, measu were proposed in congress by 1 American government, for mi ing defensive preparations m quate to the emergence. A let GENERAL HISTORY. - [igS was kid before the military com- ffljuee of the house of representa- tnm, from the secretary at war^ dated October 1 7th, introduced by Moe prefatory observations rela- lire to the nature and importance of the war in which they were en- gaged. The letter itself contained a report of what was deemed ne- cessary to place the war estab- liihiDent upon a proper footing, two articles of which were, that the present military establishment^ amounting to 62,448 nien^ should be preserved and rendered com- pkCe; and that an additional per- fflanent force of at least 40^000 men should be raised for the de- fence of the cities and frontiers^ under in engagement that such corps shoold be employed within certain specified limits. For car- ijing into execution the plan of «giDenting*the army, a bill was iottoduced) which provided that the white male inhabitants of the United States^ t)etween the ages of 18 and 4S, should be distribut- ed into classes of 25 in each, every dM to furnish one able-bodied flBm to serve during the war; Ait Mscttors should determine the territorial precincts of each class, so that the property in each divi- m should be as nearly equal as possible 'y that in case of failure^ a penalty should be levied on each class, to be divided among them in proportion to the property of individuals; and that every five male inhabitants liable to military duty, who should join to furnish one soldier during the war^ should be exempt from service. Whilst measures were thus agi- tating, which seemed to portend a renewal of hostilities in the coming year on a scale proportion- ed to the force of the two con- tending powers, the commission- ers at Ghent, laudably zealous for irestoring the blessings of peace to the two countries, compromised their differences, and on Decem- ber 24th signed a treaty of peace and amity between Great Britain and the United States. The ar- ticles cannot be made pnblldj known till a ratification of the treaty has been received from the American government 3 but it is generally understood that the terms proposed by the English commissioners, which proved so repugnant to the feelings of the adverse party, were no longer in- sisted upon[3 and that the two na- tions would be left nearly in the relatire position towards each other that subsisted before the war. [0 2] CHAP« 196] A^NNUAL REGISTER, iai4. CHAPTER XVII. Smuh America.'^Mexico.'^CigH. — Buenos Ayres.^-^Monievideo nc dered, -— Venezuela^ -:- Caraccas taken hy the Boyalists, — - Bi Agret.-^State of Mexico.^' fTest Indus,'-' Hi^ti. — ProceedtM I&tg Henry, ^''Mission of Lavdysse, — Dominica. — Asia, — fVak and Arahs,''^ Smyrna. — BntisA ImHa. — Expedition to Macatu PinUes in Borneo redneed.'^Inundation of the Ncriudda.-^Co gration of Rangoon.. • ReheUion in China. WHILST the norther^ part of ia the piovioce of ValkdolU the Amerkiln coatinent hag is staled that the rebds ka been a theatre of hostUities, of three screral actions 1500 n vhic^ it is to be hoped that we killed and prisooecs^ 30 pie< hate neatly teen the termisattoo, cannon, their anamaoitioa, c the southern portion baa still beea and provisions. Two huod« b^volvedk in a sanguinary civil the prisoners had been shot h} war, waged with a spirit of invc- ofexaa^U, the greater port 1 teste animosity that seema to a^' deserters, and some of theoa 1 iad no other prospect of letam- peans. 10^ peace than through the abao- In Chili* the contending Uite suhjugatioo of .one of l^e par- ties entered into a eonwei ties. Aaia former years, the ia^ which happily efiected aceai tdligence of the events occurring of lioetiltties in that provioea. in that quarter has b^n so much plenipotentiaries on eadt obscured or distorted by mjsrepre- agreed, on Apnl i9tb, oa m sentatien, that it ia difficult to articles d a treaty, by the fi frame a clear or consistent aana- which, Chili» aa an intQgiail tive from snch documents. Some of the Spanish monarchy, 000 transacttons,however,bave brought to send deputies to the Cortei with them sufficient evidence to the purpose of sanctionins render them matter for histoncal constitution framed by that 1 record. and acknowledging the audi An extraordinary gazette of the of Ferdinand VII. and the government of Mexico, dated Jan. gency, with the proviso, tba 3d, mentions that dispatches had internal government of Chi been received by the viceroy firom roaintainol in all its powers Brigadier Ciriaco Llanos, of the privileges, and free trade all dates December 25th and aSch, with allied and neutral nal communicating intelligence of the especially with Great Brital complete rout of the forces of which Spain ia acknowladgi Morelos and other insurgent chieft be so much indebted for her { GENERAL HISTORY. [197 ciiJ eut/CDoe. Of the other arti- dei; one is particularly honour- '^bk to Captain Hillyar, of the Sritfib mry, to whose endeavours ^die restoratioD of peace is said to "^ ire been in great measure owing. ^18 convention was publicly made )wn at St. Jago de Chili on 5th. It appears from the that the government of at the same time entered ito friendship with that of Chili. An attempt to effect a paci- ition between Montevideo iDd Boenos Ayres, made about same time by Yigodet, the ^Spaoisb gorernor of the former ^^hce, proved abortive. It began '"^(b a proposal similar to that "^'^liicb fonned the basis of the ^Ouleae oegociation^ namely, the TiAiiowlcdgment by Boenos Ayres ' its dependencies of the SpS^- mooarcby nnder Ferdinand, the constitution sanctioned by Cortei. This article was fol- by another^ importing, that th€ period of the ratifica- of the treaty, no other autho- lito sboold be acknowledged than dwiB designated by the constita- ifaor, and which have been ap- paioted by the regency of the kiogdoai. In an address from De mdas, to whom, nnder the title of supreme director, the gpvcrn- neat of Boenos Ayres had been (iekgated, these conditions were deoraiifiated an unjust and igno- ttMaioQS submission, with which b6 mM never comply. Montevideo Wag still closely blockaded by Ittd, the governor made an at- tempt to free its harbour, by send- n^oot, on May 14th, a squadron, ^oniitiogof four corvettes, three ^^1 tod some smaller vessels, to HUk^ the iqaadron of Bnenos ^yrei under the Gommand of Guillermo Brown, an English- man. Tlie event, however, did not correspond with the governor's expecfations. Brown, by able ma- nieuvres, drew the Montevldeans to some distance from their port> and then becoming the assailant^ captured two of the corvettes and a brig; another brig was after- wards intercepted in its retreat and taken, and two smaller ves- sels were burnt. Five hundred prisoners were made on the occa- sion. Vigodet, on the next day, made proposals for a cessation of hostilities, but was informed that no conditions would be listened to^ until Montevideo, with all its shipping and poblic property, wat delivered up to the arms of Bue- nos Ayres. The contest was at length terminated by the capitu- lation of that city on June 20tb, aAer its inhabitants had been re^ duced to great misery from fe- mine, and no hopes rffmained of succour from the mother country. The terms werfe, that the garrison^ after marching out with all th6 honours of war, should remain prisoners, that the property of in- dividuals should be respected, no one molested for political opi- nions, deserters pardoned, and no extraordinary contributions levied, and in the ordinary contributions, Montevideo should be considered in the same light as the other towns of the province ; also, that the captain-general Vigodet should be allowed to depart for Spain. Large quantities of arms, artillery, military and naval stores, fell into the hands of the viriors^ and this success was considered as decisiva in favour of the independent in- terest. This advantage, however, ap- pears to have been more thau IgS] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814, terbalanced by the course ofevcDts 10 the Caraccas. It b related, that the contending parties hav* iog for some time been collecting their whole strength for deciding the fate of the province of Ve- nezuela, a dreadful engagement ensued on June i8th in the vatlies of Arazua, in which the royalists, obtained a complete victory. No quarter was given, and several thousands of the vanquished were slain. The insurgents, who were in possession of the city of Ca* raccas, dismayed at the intelli- gence, sent deputies to solicit terms of peace, who were or- dered back without hopes of mer- cy. They then separated, and sought safety in flight, and the royalists entered the city on July 7th. The insurgent chiefs, with 9 few followers, took to the mountains, pursued by some light detachments j whibta considera- ble body of royalists repaired to La Guayra, whither many of the inhabitants of Caraccas had remo- ved with their portable property. Of these, aboiit 500 escaped to the neighbouring islands, but with great loss of effects, in which the British traders partook, the ship- ping sent for their conveyance not arriving at La Guayra till af^er the entrance of the conquering party. Later intelligence from the river Plate mentions that the general of the Buenos Ay res forces, Don Carlos de Alvear, having inter- cepted a letter frotn Otorgues, commaiyder of a body of more than a thousand horse, exhorting the late ^rrison of Montevideo to rise and join him, pat himself at the head of some in&ntry and ca- vahy, and ^o June 35th rooted the force of Otorgues. Also, that Vigodet, on the day after render, published a proc] to the inhabitants and ga Montevideo, acquainting that he had capitolated o much nx>re advantageec those stated by the vict that they were guaran Great Britain. Refusiqg, sequence, to ratify the cap published, he was arre board the Buenos Ayres fl and was afterwards sent tc neiro, from which place i for Cadiz. Both parties each other of breach of fi the government of Buent remained in quirt posse its conquest. Letters to ' of September speak of gre tions made by that govern terminate the calamitiea and re-establish commero deputies had been nomii proceed to Spain, and conj Ferdinand VII on his ac and they were said to 1 ceived instructions for cc the supremacy of the country, on the condition fining civil and military] ments to the colonists in tl country, with the privilrgi ing themselves, and free cc and navigation with all th( . An extraordinary gaze published at Madrid in Dt containing a dispatch fromt roy of Mexico, dated June j bc^ns with mentioning, communications with Ve being still interrupted by tb he had before stated, tLii < is sent by the indirect root coast. He then announce capture of the fortress of 4 CO, and the destrnctioo of entrenchment held by tl priest Morelos ; for the d GENERAL HISTORY. [199 which be refers to enclosed ga- what it lias shown itself in the zettes. In those, also, (the Vice* Old, it will not be staggered by roy 8a3rs) will be seen the rapid the resomption of the ancient pre* progress made by his Majrsty's rogatives of the monarchy. Mean- arms in the Mexican provinces, in time we may be assured that Feiu which the insurgents have been dinand*s government will not act- beaten at all points, except at the upon the system of recovering the lagoon of C ha pa I a in New Gslli- colonies by indulgences, which cia, where, from the strength of would coipproroise the authority their position, they obtained ad- of the crown, and of the mother vantages over the division opposed country. Already has the Council to them. On this account, it had of the Indies been re-established^ been necessary to order the com- and an expedition has long been mandant of that province to col- preparing for the river Plate, for lect all his troops, and make a the purpose of compelling sub- fresh attack on the fortified isle ttiission by force of arms, where the rebels were entrenched. In the West India islands, the Nothing new had occurred in the principal object of interest during other provinces of the viceroyalty, this year has been the island of in which the chiefe were labour- St. DomingD, or the modern ing to dissipate the remains of the Hayti. It is well known, that the great assemb/ages that %vander French colony of St. Domingo, about on every side, intercepting previously to the revolution, was the roads, and preventing every the roost valuable commercial pos- kind of commerce. This authorized session of France, and that its loss account of the state of affairs was was the cause of very great public not thought extremely favourable and private distress. Its recovery by persons who were aware of the was entirely hopeless, while the varnish usually bestowed on go- seas were closed by the predomi- vemment narratives. On the other nance of the British naval power j hand, a report which came from but as soon as the return of peace New Orleans with the date of had removed this obstacle, it ap« September 2^df and the title of pears that the French nation and ** Independence of New Mexico,** government began to entertain ha^ probably as little claim to im- serious thoughts of attempting to plicit credit. It stated, that a regain so valuable a possession, vessel- from Vera Cruz was then This, however, was become an in the river, which brought the undertaking of great difficulty, information, that as soon as Fer- The two black chiefs of the dinand s refusal to accept the con- island, Christophe anA Petion, atitution framed by the Cortes was though they had been engaged in known in the kingdom of Mexico, almost constant hostilities with all parties united* the new vice- each other, seem to have been ani- roy was deposed, and independence mated with an equal zeal for was proclaimed at Mexico, Vera maintaining the independence of Cruz, and the other cities of that the negro state ; and although M. government. If the principle of Desforneaux, in reporting the sen- loyalty in New Spain, resembies tiinents of . a committee appointed by SOO] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. bjr the body of French represen- tativesj to consider the dictates of policy OD this subject, confidently ezpFessed. an opioion, that these chie(B would with eagerness re- cognize the sovereignty of iwouis Xyill. and submit to his will> erents have hitherto entirely con- tradicted this expectation. An extract of a dispatch from the mi- nister secretary of state for foreign aflkirs to Christophe, now entitling himself Henry king of Hayti, ad- dressed to M. Peltier, London, and dated June loth, the 1 1 ch year of independence, was published id September, giving an account of the feelings of his sovereign on being informed of the fall of Buo- naparte, and of the preparations he. had been making for the de- feooe of his kingdom. In thut paper a dedaration is made of the king of Hayti's readiness to re- ceive French merchant ships in hit ports, upon the same footing as those of other nations j but it is dearly specified, that he means to treat with France only as one in- dependent power with another. A private letter firom Fort an Prince, the seat of Petion*8 power, dated August ist, mentions the determi- nation of that leader alio to sub- mit to evay extremity rather than yield to an invader. . It might have been previously rneotioned, that the King of Hayti commenced the year with a Fete of Independence, in which all the pomp and circumstance that could attend a festival cdc- bcated by the greatest monarch in the world was dosely imitated, and a royal speech was pro- nounced, in a style exhibiting a ourious mixture of oriental infla- tion, and Frendi gasconade^ The titles of his nobility and' of state, and the etiqnettn court, were all copied §roa pean examples ^ and the afforded a kind of buriei royalty, which might im suspicion, that the bosineii terminate rather in farce tli gedy, were not desperate tion compatible with oatei levity in half-savage charac On Aug. 15th, there w lished in the Royal Gas Hayti, an address to the stating the circumstances ii the country was placed by position of Buonaparte, fessed a 'willingness to neg treaty of commerce with ti of France, but in the moa getic terms called upon tJb tians to make every t in defence of their ttbei independence, were an ployed against them. Qo paragraphs was as follows : ' certain colonists, our im] ehemies, still penist in th merical projects, and aoo prevailing upon the actc vernment of France to c war against us, let then themsdves at the bead of vaders : they shall be t victims of our veogeana shall give no quarter— w take no prisoners : we deti tieated in the same way oc and the war must becoo) of extermination." On < 2d, was published a man King Henry, giving a narrative of the events wl produced and accompanied dependence of Hayci« a pressing a firm resolution fe tain it. This piece waa c tiie compositioa. of a pcactii GENERAL HISTORY. [SOI I k strength and clearness tt nt with any manifesto of Eonpean sofereign. It con- 9d with the solemn declara- tlMt he would never consent tf treaty, or any condition, ihoald compromise the ho- the liberty, and the inde- sace of the Haytian people. was not, however, by arms, Ihr first attempt was made (tore Hayti to the dominion France. A French general, id D'Auxion Lavayise, and ng the character of an envoy, Ldois XV^UI, addressed from itOD in Jamaica, on October a letter " to Gen. Henry lophe, supreme Head of the nment of the North of i" in which, at considerable h, he placed before him every nent to induce him to pro- i the king of France. He iToured to shew him, that it lia personal interest rather to ne '* an illustrious servant of raat sovereign of the French, a chief of revolted slaves.'* the generality of his icoun- BO in their diplomatic func- f be did not scruple to em- Maehood to gain bis point ; the following passage of his ' if worthy of notice. " Do not fe yourself. General, the rdlgas of Europe^ although they made peace, have not returned irardintothescabbard. Doubt- you are not ignorant of what f body in Europe knows, aU lb a thing not >et diploma- ^pobltsb^— — that the prin- i articles of the compact which be European sovereigns have ■gned, on their royal honour, a luite their armies^ if need ind to lend each other all ne- cessary aid, in order to destroy all the governments which have beea the olfspring of the French revo- lution, whether in Europe, or in the New World. Know alio, that it is Great Britain, who is the centre of and principal party to this convention, to which, a few months sooner or later, every go* vernment will find it nf crssary to submit : every government and every potentate that shall refuse so to submit, must expect to be treated as traitors and brigands.*' That this assertion, as it respects England, is a gross ^Isthood, we presume, is undeniable ; and it may be hoped, that it is not less so with respect to the other powers. It was with true magnanimity, that King Henry, convoking an extraordinary council of the nation, laid before them thi 4p^^"^^^^» together with the pamphlet of one H. Henry, printed at Jamaica, desiring them calmly to deliberate on their contents, and form such resolutions as they should deem nec^ssary for the welfare of the country. This confidence was re- paid by an address to the King, ia the warmest language of patriotic devotion. It adds, •* No, never shall this execrable enterprize (against Hayti) take place. There is honour^ there is a sense of glory, among the sovereigns and people of Europe ; and Great Bri- tain, that Liberator of tAe IVvrld, will prevent such an abomination.** Lavaysse made an application of a similar purpose, though in am- biguous lanc^uage, to F^tion, and on Oct 2 1st, he was sutFercd to land at Port au Prince, that he might explain in person tlie pro- posals of which he was the bearer. On his arrival he fell dangerously ill. 209] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. iil, in which stale he cootinned^ Letten from Busbeer, of Feb. when the last dispatches were re- 14th, state that the Pashaw of ceived from the island. Nothing Bagdad had been defeated and further has been declared respect- taken prisoner by the Meatfic ing the intentions of France, with Arabs, the chief Iribatary tribe to regaid to St. Domingo, but there the Turkish sultan between the is no present appearance of a de- Euphrates and Tigris. After the sign to employ force for its re- victory, their Shekh took pot- covery. session of Busra (Bassora), which The island of Dominica has been was likely for some time to intrr- the theatre of a sauguinnry war rupt the commerce between Bag* between the colonists, and the dad and the Persian Gulpb. Maroons, or runaway Negroes. A The plague has in this year proclaroation issued on Feb* 25th, made dreadful ravages in L^ser by Governor Ainslie, after notify- Asia, Syria, and the adjacent is- ing the destruction of several lands. Sm3nrna is computed to camps of the Maroons, and the have lost 30,000 persons, and the stationing of the Dominica Rang- keys of 800 houses, left vicant ers in the woods for the purpose by the extirpation of at many fa- of harassing those who still keep milies, have been delivered to the out, offers pardon to those who governor. The crops of corn in surrender themselves, and rewards many places have remained un- to those who bring in a chief or a gatheroi in the fields, and several murderer. It concludes with de- towns and villages have been to* daring, *' that the Rangers have tally abandoned, orders to take no prisoners^ but to The British possessions in India put to death men, women and continue to enjoy a tranqnillity, children, without exception.** Such but slightly disturbed by conimo* are the honors attending upon do- tions of the natives. A Calcutta mestic slavery ! Gazette of December 18 13, cou"* Asia has this year afforded tains an account of the operatioot scanty materials for narrative. It of a body of troops under Lient.- is affirmed, that the Wahabees, col. Adsup, which took the field though excluded from Mecca and to chastise an unprovoked incur- Medina, rc-jnain in great strength sion in the Rewah district by Sur^ in Arabia Felix ; and that their naid Sing, a partisan of the Rao troops, posted at the wells on the Rajah. The Ghurree of Bo* skirts of the deserts, lay under touree, a strong fortress, in which contribution, or cut off, caravans the enemy had taken shelter, was going to the holy cities. A ca-i stormed, the garrison pat to the ravau of traders and pilgrims, num- swords and Sumaid Sing was bering 1 200 persons, is said to killed. Peace was in conteqoence have been lately put to the sword, restored, the Rao Rajah agreeing to in consequence of making a re- pay to the £ast India Company sistance to the robbers, and that all the expenses of the armament, about 400 who escaped the mas- The Java gazettes have given sacre, perished in the desert of an official accoimt of the snooets ^st* of 9n expedition from Batavia» against GENERAL HISTORY. [203 against the Rajah of Boni at Macassar. Gen. Nightingale, the • cotpmander, states, that having ar- rived at Boni on the 6th of June, he demanded reparation from the ^ Rajah for the insults committed against the British government, which being refused, he made an attack on the next day, and in an hour's time the whole town and residence of the Rajah were in possession of the British troops, with a very small loss on their part. From Bengal it is related, that the Sambrees, a town in Borneo inhabited by pirates, was captured in July, after an obstinate resist- ance, by a detachment of his Ma- jesty's 14th regiment under Capt. Watson. On February 12th, the river Nerbudda, during the night over- Bowed its banks, and swept away fifleen tillages, with the bouses, inhabitants, and cattle. The loss of human lives is supposed to have exceeded 3000. The town and suburbs of Ran- goon have been nearly destroyed by fire. Upwards of 6000 houses were consumed, besides vast quan- tities of teak and other wood Accounts have been received from China, that a fierce and dan- gerous rebellion is raging in that empire. It cannot be expected, that accurate relations of the origin and circumstances of such an event should be communicated from a country the policy of which is so peculiarly close and guarded; but various particulars have beeq published in the Bombay courier of July aid, which may deserve some credit. Among the various causes to which the rebellion has been ascribed, that of disaffection among the Emperor's brothers is mentioned, and it was doubtless much assisted by a severe famine which prevailed in several pro- vinces during the last year. Its leader, in Shau-tung, named Lia, pretended to be, by metempsy- chosis, the same with a celebrated person who flourished about a thousand years ago. The rebels were in such strength that they ventured an attack upon the royal palace at Pekin, from which the emperor was fortunately absent on a hunting party in Tartary . Num- bers of lives were lost in the attack, but at length the assail- ants, struck by a superstitious panic, gave way t)cfore the impe- rial army, and were repulsed with great slaughter. In the pursuit, it is said, that the imperial gcrne- rals put men, women » and children to death in several districts through which they pa«;sed -, and it cannot be doubted, that the cruelties prac- tised on both sides were extreme. The result, as far as is yet kno^n, has been, that the rebels have taken to the mountains of Tee- hang, a tract of 400 miles in cir- cumference, where they may hold out a long while -, and if joined by -any number of disaffected, as they probably will be, the insur- rection may still be highly formi- dable. CHAP- 204] ANNUAL REGISTKR, !814. CHAPTER XVIII. Autumnal Session of ParliaffUHt-^peech of the Pritice Regent, — Ad- dress and Debates. — Motion in the House of Lords relative to ieefang part of the Militia still embodied, '-'The same in the\House ofCommont, — Motion relative to thi Court- .V'artial on Colonel Quenlin — jfrnendied Bill for the Preservation of Peace in Ireland, — Adjournment. THE aatumnal Session of Par- liament was opened on Nov. 8th by the Prince Regent in per- son. The principal topic of bis speech was tbe War with the United States of America, which bis Royal Highness affirmed to have originated in tbe most un- provoked aggression on tbe part of their Government, and to have been calculated to promote the de- signs of the common enemy of Europe. It was, however, his sincere desire to bring it to a con- clusion upon just and honourable terms, and he was still engaged in nrgociations for that purpose. — The speech then adverted to the successful operations of the war during the present year; and in touching on the capture of Wash- ington, remarked that it had pro- duced on the inhabitants a deep and sensible impression of the ca- lamities of a war in which they had been so wantonly involved. A slight notice was then takeu of the reverse on Lake Champlain ; but confident expectations were ex- pressed of establishing the ascen- dency of his Majesty's arms in Canada. The retardation of the opening of the Congress at Vienna was next spoken of» as owing to unavoidable causes, and assurance was given of his Royal Highneu't endeavours to consolidate the peace in which he had been a partf , bjr a just equilibrium among the powd- ers of Europe. Addressing the House of Commons, the speech informed them of the flourishing state of the public revenue and commerce, but expressed r^rei for the necessity of a large expen-^' diture in the ensuing year. Ic concluded with an observation oil the state in which tbe late wtf must have left the countries en- gaged in it, with respect to their internal conditition, and their com- mercial relations ; and with re* commending to Parliament greaf! caution in adopting regulations for extending our trade, and secariD|( our present advantages. In the House of Lords, the cor- responding address to tlie Prince Regent was moved by the £ari tf Abingdon, and was seconded hf Earl Delaware. The Earl of Damley then roDfi^ and said, he wished he coald bavof^ coincided with the last noble lord in the youthful ardour with wbictf he hailed the national prospects \ but on the whole view of the state of the country he found no canse for congratulation. He particu- larly adverted to the extraordinary circumstance* GENERAL HISTORY. [S05 circazxNtaiioe, tliat [while oar mi- htSLry fcpiUation was raised to the higfacft pitch, our naval should lure sank, sod thai during the coune o( the war, with but few ex- ceptions, victory should have been 00 the enemy's sidq in actions be- tween vessels of the some class. Lord Meluil^e in reply to this ohiervation, said that such gene- ral and declamatory charges \s^re BOt capaUe of an answer, but be wcNuld ask to what distinct failure the alloiioD was made. He w ould himself enter into a few details on the snhject The Americans send- ing DO fleets to sea, but possessing mmierans seamen, and a multitude of privateers, the question of suc^ tarn or discomfiture was to be de- ddad by looking to the protection aflbfded to trade agsuost their means ofaanqy^ce. We had now within [ a few hundreds, 20,000 Aroeri- cn jeamen prisoners of war. We had captured from them more than 200 ships of war and armed fcads^ and had taken 900 other ve^wls. Notwithstanding the in- acase of their privateers, the pre- niam of insurance was somewhat Itts IB last Jooe, than in the June pnctdiag- The captures made fnpn OS from the peace of Paris down to the last mouth were re- porlkl at 172; but of those 94 ves^ moping bhips; and of the rent, 38 were separated from con- v<9p either through stress of wca- tbor, or wilfully i and the whole lumber of the coasting trade lost n^ only X X . With respect to the OjOM^ brd'a asserlioo, that when ope shi^s met with an equal force cCthe copny's, they were beaten, except ip a few. ia'irances, he could Mpxve him. that he was tgtally mis- taken,. If th^ events o( the war in Canada were alluded to, wl^ea the noble lord should bring on his inquiry in a regular shape, he trusted he should be able to satisfy him. Lord Grenville said he was not to be drawn oil' by this parade of detail from the actual fact, that there was a general impression in the country of great mismanage- ment in the naval administration. The opinion of the community could not be misunderstood, when the merchants of England, after having been repelled from the Ad- miralty with nippant and empty answers, were seen laying their ro» monstrances at the foot of the throne. Afler some further ob- servations to this purpose, he said he hoped there would be an early day appointed for the inquiry ; and that it would be entered into with solemn and impartial seriousness. His Lordship then, adverting to the address, acknowledged tbaf with all his desire to look favo;ira- bly on the prospects of the coun- try, they were clouded to his view. The speech told them only of new burdens, of severe additions to those which were already severe; no economy, no husbanding, no re- duction. He lamented its lan- guage respecting the negociation with America. He professed a readiness to make peace on just and honourable terms ; but these were mere words of course, and he should have expected a declaration what were the grounds on which peace would be made. He hoped the war still carried on was not one of resentment or revenge, much less of punishment, in order to make the people of the United States feel the weight of our po\ver. This topic led hib lord:ship to con- sider SD6) ANNUAL REGISTERj 18 sider the devastation made at Washington, which he condemned in the most unqualified manner, as an act which could tend to no useful purpose, and which gave the first example of recurring to the maxims 'of a barbarous and an- tiquated policy. It had indeed been defended on the ground of retaliation, which, however, ought to have been expressly stated at the time. A subsequent procla- mation had been issued, in which^ on the same ground, a necessity was declared of carrj'ing on war against the ])rivate property of the American people. If it were true that we were in a situation which imperatively called for such mea- sures, he trusted that parliament would be made aciquainted with the circumstances which had brought afiairs to such a deplora- ble crisis. With respect to the general state of Europe, his lord- ship could not avoid mentioning it as a -great omission In the speech, that no notice was taken of our still keeping up on the Continent an army of 40,000 men. In what part of our history was an example found of such a force in British pay in a time of profound peace, and what power had a King of Eng- land to keep it without consent of parliament? On the whole, the speech appeared to him ill suited to the existing state of the coun- try, and with these objections it was impossible for him to give his approbation to the address. The Earl of IAverpw>l could not agree with the noble baron that the address was marked by any peculiar features of a warlike cha- racter. He thought it more con- sistent with the dignity of the crown to describe the state of the country as It actnaHy hold out hopes as to events and proceedl pending. The Ear through the several < his f^rdship^ and re] He justified the acts \ ton as an exercise of and with respect to tl tion of Sir Alexander < said that a subscquen had been sent to the on that station. As t< stance of keeping up 1 on the Continent in ti be allowed that there precedent for it, bea of things similar to t the war concluded hai existed. The policy < sure was connected w; of our foreign relation become a future subje sion. The question for passed without a divis In the House of C address on the Speecl: by Lord Bridport, and Mr, Graham. A con a yariety of points re] state of politics, fore mestic, ensued, whic summary above given c in the House of Lordsj portant to specify. ' was agreed to without Though in this shoi parliament several to portance were introdt notice of both houaet; greater part of them suggested as matter of cussion, we shall coDl port to the few subject the proceedings were i On Nov. 11, Eari rose in the House of L ENERAL HISTORY. [807 odtting a motion re* oadnuacion of oer- ;iaiMits withont dis- He laid that great taken by the legis- Dt the' kHirden of the lioai pressing more le exigencien of the requited; theprero- *rowo was therefore 1 the establishment I of force vrvA regu- OQS acts of parlia- oitef in which the be called out were tody and were, ist, HI ; ad, imminent *; 3d, insurrection; ; bat none of these ted. Ii was a great I the ballotted men from their familes 9 coutinuanca of the ± had empowered It to call them out, ae they were legally om to their homes, hardship upon the ownships which lay gation of providing and fiimiliet. These* induced him to 1 account be laid be- Jtbips of the regi- tia which had bwn nid also of those lain embodied. Mirii, as the person in the department fderfor suspending ring of the militia , £lt himself called to the obscr\'ation8 rl. The legislature •HI to guard the mi- lotions, not mere- mse suggested, but 9 restrain the prero- gative and influence of the crown with respect to it. The acU of parliament to which the noble Eart had alluded, as pointing out the cases in which the militia might be called out, were not to be constru- ed narrowly; and it was always understood that tBe country being at war was an exigence justifying such a measure, and that during the continuuanceof that state, the militia services were to be oonfi- tinued as long as the crown should judge it to be of public advantage. There could be no injustice in siwh continuance towards the men^since the ballotted man was bound by his oath to serve five years, and the substitute, as long as the regiment coo turned embodied. As to thb hardships on the counties and townships, her did nott know but they might have an equitable claim for re-imbursement. He affirmed that there bad been no partiality shown with respect to the parti* cular regiments embodied or dis- emt)odied ; and would not oppoie the production of the account rf- quii^d. Lord OrenviiUwald, that specific cases being pointed out by toe mi- litia act, it was illegal to wander from them. The militia had been called out only four times since the original act, and each time in strict conformity with the cases provided. These were, in the se- ven years* war ; in the American war, but not till after France and Spain joined in it; in 1793 when there was danger of insurrection (the extent and depth of which danger said Lard G no man now living, perhaps, knows better than myself) ; and the beginning of the war just now closed, in which in- vasion was fully determined en by the S08] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. tlM eneinj. Bat even in the case of the apprehended intumection, which was probably the most for- midable* of theie periodf, the House thought it proper to examine at length the grounds of embodying the militia. Lord Sidmoutk said that the no« ble lord's l.icts would srnre him for nothing unlc&s he could shew that the militia was disembodied the moment the first cry of invasion or insurrection was orer^ which did not correspond with the fact. Lord Donoughmore was surpris- ed to find that the measure of re- taining some of the militia regi- ments was meant to be permanent, as he conceived from the intended introduction of a bill ; and he tboaght there might be reasons of patrooage connected with the choice. He knew that in Ireland a militia regiment was thought one of the best things that could be given away. Lord jAverf09i affirmed that tiiere was no idea of turning the present mode of disembodying the militia into a permanent meaKure ; and said that the bill was merely to relieve townships from partial preianres, such as providing for the £imiliet of militiamen and the like. The question was then put and carried. The subject was afterwards taken up in the House of Com- mons. Sir S. Romilly^ on Nov. 38th, after, by his desire, the militia acts of the 48th and 49th of the king bad been read, rose and declared, that having used his best endea- vours to investigate the matter, he was of opinion that in omitting to disembody the militia the ministers had acted illegally and unooostitu^ tiooaUy. It was a qneatiao admitted of no doobt, as k da ed entirely on the plua woi the statute. He then lefen the four causes for oslling oi militia, as stated in a fiMmer a| and proceeded to say, that i House would consider the obj the militia laws, it would fai! firmed in the opinion that wi a violation of the constitutioi misters could not, in tinie ol found peace, hold the militia their houses and ^gimilies, sobj the privations of military ae The militia was not an ann] a mass of armed citizens, not h bat only having suspended time, the advantage of tlie laws of their country, if, i present drcunuta noes, then might continue embodied, was no reason why it migh remain so during the rest i Majesty's reign. The onlj fence he had heard of thb mi was, that we were still at war America ; but was there a jb timid or credulous as to few stco from that country ? Shot be said that the restrictiooa i act bad a reference not to tb embodying, but to the cal]in| of the militia, would not an argimient render it oMral option in the crown whethc militia should be disbanded a He understood that the condi the ministers waa sanctioiM the authority of ibe law offic tlie crown. If the opinioi been given first, and than upon, it would have been better. He did not mean to nuate that it would have bee ferent under different drcan oes \ hut it was impoasiblo c see that tho qoastioo oame I GENERAL HISTORY. [209 clothed with the au- e statesmen in \ihose 1 measures tbey must to concur, as they still ilaces under thera.— I other pointed obser- is topic, the hon. and ieinan concluded with olotion, in substance, ared to this House, s had been concluded I nx months, and the f^ internal franquil- [ keeping part of the mbodied was obvious- > the intent and spirit the 42d of the king, m of the principles of lion. tior-general avowed, itandingthe arguments od learned friend, he opinion on the subject 1 given. He acknow- ntnisters would act il- 5j advised his Majesty e militia except in one speci6ed in the act; Bcific period had been ^hich it was to be dis- 36 would assert, that been legiilly embodied, to keep them so. He K|Mt such was the in* e legislature, but look- stter of the law, and to give \\\^ opinion as m it, he must say he plity in keeping part a force still embodied. it exercise of the pre- tbe present instance eet one, was a different nd hi this, as well as exercises of the royal the ministers were [. Lord Milton wished the learned fentleman, instead of confining imself to the mere letter of the net, had also taken into considera- tion its obvious meaning and spirit. He should be glad to know what opinion he would venture to put upon paper bad the question been stated in these terms, '' When the militia was once embodied, was it lawful for the crown to keep them embodied as Ipng as it should think proper ?'* llie argument of the learned gentleman would go the length of saying, that when once the crown had been able to get the militia oat, it might retain them to all eternity. Looking at the mere letter of the law, without regarding its intention, might do very well for a special pleader ; but it might be expected firom a member or parliament, speaking in his place, on an act of great constitutional importance, that he would have an opinion about its intention and spirit. In time of war, parliament had a right to expect that gentle- men of a certain fortune and situa- tion should come forward to officer the militia ; but if it were laid down that those regiments might be kept up at the pleasure of the crown, it could not be ex- pected that the same descrip- tion of men could be found for officers. Sir A. Pigoti was decidedly of opinion that it was most unconsti- tutional to keep up the militia six months after the definitive treaty of peace. Nothing could be clearer, than that when the purposes of calling out the militia ceased, the power of embodying them must cease. The construction which the learned gentleman had put [T] upon 210] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. tjpon the act would 'convert the militia Into a standing array. He looked upon it as a great constitu- tional queittion> and was sorry to find it reserved for those times that ministers should advbe the crown as it had done. Serjeant Best supported the So- licitor-general by recapitulating some of his arguments. Mr, PoTtsonby declared himself greatly surpri^^ed that the Solicitor- general bad asserted that he did not know what the spirit of the law meant : it was, however^ the duty of that House to know the spirit of the law ; and courts of justice constantly declared that they decided according to that spi- riL It was said that the time when the crown should disembody the militia was not specified ; but the sole discretion vested in the crown was this — whether it was fit to continue the militia on foot, with reference to the causes which made it legal to embody it. He was of opiuion that it was now unlaw- fully retained. Mr, C, Grant argued in favour of the retention -, and said that there was enough in the state of J^urope, and while such a demand existed on the continent for our regular army, to explain the rea- sons and policy of still maintain- ing a portion of our domestic force embodied. Sir S. Romilh mstde a recapi- tulation of the argtmieDt^ that had been employed <^. the subject; and said that the real question was, whether the crown bad an indefi- nite power to keep the militia on foot as long as it thought fit, con- trary to the express tenor of an act of parliament. On this question he wonld divide the hoase, though be should stand alone. A division then took place. For the Motion 32; Against it 97; Majority 65, It is observable that none of the ministers spoke on this occasion. In a subsequent debate on the army estimates, a sum being roo\*ed for the expenses of certain militia regiments not disembodied, tbe Chancellor of the Exchequer said, in explanation, that the war with America, and the keeping up of a considerable body of troops on tbe Continent, requiring the mainte- nance of a large military foicc, government, on the moRt mature deliberation, thought that such force would best be rendered dii- posable by keeping embodied a pait of the militia. Mr, Wuthread affirmed that na. thing could less have the appear- ance of a deliberate measure, since the Bedfordshire and Oxfordsbtie militias were stopped when oa their march to be disemlx)died. — Mr, Bathurst allowed that the n^ tention of part of the militia was not a systematic plan on the part of government, but was dictated by the demands for the emfJo) - roent of the regular forces abroaJ. The result of the Court Martial held on Colonel Qucntin^ of the loth Light Dragoons, (see Trials^ &c.) was the cause of a parliamea« tary debate^ of which it may be inlertsting to give a brief sum- mary. On November 17, Colonel Pal- mer rose, pursuant to notice, ta call the attention of tbe House of Commons to tbe subject, in which he tvas particularly cdncemed, as being, by hi6rankin the regiment, the GENERAL HISTORY. [211 cator on that occasion, with asserting that the n made by the coart- lat " there appears to ed such a want of co- imoDg the otiicers of the u to render the duties mnanding officer much tons than they otherwise e been/* was not found- I. He then proceeded Dt on the charges which produced against Colonel ind thi; evidence in sup- eiD, in doing which, he fn the reply he had made court martial to the de- ap by Colonel Qucntin. ided with reading that c sentence of the court- ifhich, in his opinion, in- reflected upon the cha- tbose in whose behalf he oaploring the intercession lUfi ; and with respect to lesaid he had never wish- come the prosecutor of laentin, but had been di- undertake that task, not 2C authority oi the Com- 1 chief, but by command nee Regent himself. In Boved for '* An humble o his Royal Highpess, 3uld graciously be pleased the proceedings of the Court-martial held on Inentin to be laid before tanners Sutton, (Judge ) said, that the course 8 hon. mover bad pursued nost extraordinary he had teued in parliament. The ad been deferred in order ime for the production of lenoe, and he now ex- D convince tlie House by reading one half of the prooe^iDg?. He washicnielf clearly of opinion, that unless it was the intentioD to attack the integrity of the court- martial, there existed not the slightest fouodatk>n for the motion. The court wa« a competent tri- bunal. The members stood high in public opinion, and it was suffi- cient to r&id the list to remove every suspicion of their being ac- tuated by improper influence. The hon. gentleman tlien adverted to various particulars of the charge. He admitted that the discipline of the regiment was in a very bad state under Col. Quentin's con?- mand, and that under the previous command of Col. Robarts and the hon. mover, the discipline was excellent ; but his reply was, that all this was known to the duke of Wellington, who applied the proper remedy; and the court- martial, deeming all the imputa* tions upon Col. Quentin's courag'j unfounded, and holding that for the rest he had received a sutR- cient censure, had come to the judgment now under consideratioi. He then adduced facts to justify tlie court in it9 remark on the want of co-operation among the officers. He also adverted to the case of Col. Rms of the 85th regiment, who having been found guilty of improperly employing men on duty, the captains by whom the charge was preferred were dismissed, and Col. Ross^ in consequence of having himself previously instigated trivial prose- cutions, was directed to retire, selling his conimission : ttie officers in this case might fer 1 .'gent ac the close of tiie session. On December 2d. The Earl of Liverpool roovrd an adjournment of the House of Lords to the 9th of February next. Lord Grenuilic said, that to this motion he must decidedly objcci. Their Lordships had been called together in times when legislative deliberation was more than usually necessary. There was hardly a branch of the public administra* tlon that did not require the ma- turest consideration of parliament, yet under these circumstances an adjournment of from two to three months was proposed without a single reason assigned. Hi)» lord- ship then touched upon the sub- jects which peculiarly demanded their immediate attention. These Mi'ere, the corn laws, the state of the circulating medium of the country, its finances, the reduc- tion of the immense war establish- ments, and the war with America, which, from the demands ad- vanced by us, appeared to be con- verted to a war of aggrandisement. Was this a situation of things in which, for reasons of private con- venience, they ought to turn their backs on their public duties ? The Earl of Liverpool bega n by observing, that it was an error to suppose that the adjournment im- plied a waste of two or three months, since, until the last hcs- sioD, the House had long been accustomed not to meet before the middle of January, not more than three weeks preceding the time to which the adjournment was pro- posed to extend. With reapect to the topics waiting for prliai tary consideration, he was aw;ire of their importance, bu internal concerns of the en were too closely connected the external, to be dispose without reference to each 0 On some of the points allude by the noble lord he thoug best to keep silence ; but tespect to the charge made rel to the American negociaiion, lordships might be assured, aggrandisement on the part o: country formed no feature of The Duke of Sussex gave opinion on some of the tn with foreign countries whic( transpired, and ex pressed his w with regnrd to several of the p to be settled at the congress. The Earl of Donoughmot reply to the assertion, thai time proposed for the adj< ment was not much bey one U9ual period, observed that present was in no respect an time, and that the weighty cerns now under discusaio: Vienna, were precisely a n why parliament should be at to give counsel to ministers, (said he) their language to p; ment is tantamount to ti *' You are very good instrur of taxation, but we do not you as advisers/* The question was then put carried. The motion for adjournme the House of Commons occaa a debate of which it is una sary to relate the particulars division took place on the « tion. For the motion 86 ) A| it 23 : Majority 63. GENERAL HISTORY. [fi\5 CHAPTER XIX. Domestic Occurrences, — His Majesty's State, — General tranquillity of. Great Britain. — Dlsturbdl State of Ireland''^ Proceedings of the Irish Roman Catholics.^ Princess of Wales, — Princess Charlotte ^ fVaUs, — Attempt to alter the Com Lcnvs.-^ Commercial ProsfectSm ^r^HE official reports respecting X his Majesty's state during the present year have almost uni- formly been, that his bodily health has remained unimpaired^ and his mental condition has been com- posed and tranquil, but without the least improvement in his intel- lectual ficnlties. It cannot be doubted that the case is now abso- lutely decided, and that \\ag regen- cy is to all intents and purpoi>es constituted a reign. This year, like the lasr, has been little disturbed by commotions in any part of the island of Great Britain ; for a few outrages com- mitted by the frame- bre;ikers in Nottinghamshire scarcely deserve notice. It is even remarkable how little the vast assemblages of people in the metropolis and other towns, drawn together by the fes- tivities and unusual objects of cu* riosity which the time has afford- ed, have tended to excite a riotous disposition in the populace 3 and if the demeanor of the mob has fometimes been marked with rude familiarity towards the illustrious visitants, it never put on the ap- pearance of ill humour or mis- f bievoug propensity. The rejoic- ings on account of the peace were hearty and general, and frequent- ly oTOied veiy pleasing difpUys of coalescence between the superior and inferior ranks, marked by bounty in the former, and decencr in the latter. In the sister island, however; the year has been distinguished by a very different state of things. Such a spirit of outrage and law- less violence was manifested in several of the Irish counties^ that it was thought necessary to arm the magistracy with extraordinary powers for the preservation of thie public peace; and in our narrative of parliamentary proceedings will be found the particulars of the measures adopted on this occasion, as well as the discussions with which they were, attended. A more full and unbiassed account of these disorders and their causes was however thought to have been given in a celebrated charge from Judge Fletcher, for which reasoo we have presented it entire to oar readers. Jt was observed, in relating the proceedings of the Irish Roman Catholics during the last year, that a spirit of disunion had mani* fested itself in that hody which had operated unfavourably up6D the enorts towards an improve- roent of their situation; and the same remark will apply to the pre- sent year. In the beginning of Slaj filiS] ANNUAL REGISTER, IS14. May was made public a letter were, than receive it on such sent to the Right Rev. Dr. Poyn- terms. He concluded with mo?- ter from Monsieur Quarantotti, ing tliat a committee be appoiated President of the Sacred Missions at to prepare resolutions for the ag- Bome, communicating his opinion, gregate meeting, which was agreed and that of a council of the most to. The Catholic, priests of Dub- learned prelates and theologians, lin also, ou May 12, held a con- on the letters transmitted by Dr. vocation to take into consideration Poynter and the catholic arch- the rescript of Quarantotti, when bishop of Dublin, relative to the they declared it non-obligatory on proposed bill for catholic eman- the Catholic church in Ireland^ cipation. Their determination was, and passed resolutions against the that the propositions should be granting to an anti-cadiolic go- gratefully accepted, with an ex- verniuent any power, direct or ip- planation df the second article of direct, with regard to the appoint- the oath, by which the clerical ment of Catholic bishops. The person is bound to have no inter- aggregate meeting was held on the course with the Supreme Pontiff 19th, al which the rescript above- or his ministers, which can direct- mentioned' wa^ the principal sub* ly or indir^y subvert or disturb ject of discussion. Mr. O'Connel the Protestant church. It is ob- having proposed the following re« ^rved, that if this be construed solution, " That we deem it a %o prohibit all attempts to bring duty to ourselves, and to our back Protestants to the orthodox country, solemnly and distinctly faith, it cannot be taken ; but if to declare, that any decree, man- the meaning be only to interdict date, rescript, or decision what- all attempts to disturb the eslab- soever, of any tbrcign power or lished church by force of arms, or authority, religious or civil, ought \>y disingenuous arts, the oath is not, and cannot of right, assume unobjectionable.. The remaining any dominion or control over the articles of the bill are declared to political concerns of the catholics be such as may bp allowed by the of Ireland,'* delay was recom* indulgence of the apostolic chair. piended by another speaker till A meeting of the Catholic Board the opinion of the catholic bishops 3t Dublin being held on May 7th, was known. A great majority, Mr. 0*Connel made ^ speech, ex- however, opposed delay, and the pressing great indignation at this resolution was adopted. The ca- interfercnce of the slaves at Rome tholic clergy of many of the pro- (as he termed them) to instruct vincial dioceses unanimously re- fhe Irish catholics concerning the solved against the rescript; and at manner of their emancipation. It length the catholic bishops, at a ^as on no theological ground, but general meeting held at Maynooth upon that pf its danger to civil li- on May 25th, passed, among b^rty, that he objected to the late other resolutions, two, of which bill, which would place in the the first declared Quarantotti's re« hands of ministers a new and ex- script not mandatory; and the sc- tensive source of patronage ; and rond resolved that a commtmir he would rather that the Caiho- cauon be oj)one^ with the holy sec (ics should for ever remain as they on the subject of tlie iiaid dociv- mcnt GENERAL HISTORY. [217 ooeot, and that two persons be depated to convey their onani- mous sentiments to the chief pas- tor. The proceedings of the Catho- lic Board had been so intempe-i> rate, that it was not to be won- dered at, in the disturbed state of part of Ireland, that govern- ment should at length exercise ils aothority to suppress it. On June 3d tlie lord lieutenant, with the advice of the privy council, is- aoed a proclamation, declaring the board contrary to law, and giving notice that if it should renew its meetings, all the members would bt proceeded against legally. This attack produced an aggregate meeting of the catholics in Dub- lin, the Hon. Thomas Ffrench in the chair, at which Mr. 0*Con- nel moved certain resolutions, which were passed. One of these was, " That we utterly deny that the Catholic £oard is an unlaw- ful assembly, either within the provisions of the Convention Act, jotberwise; and more especially, as that act contaios a saving pro- visioa, that nothing herein con- tained shall be construed in any manner to impede or prevent the undoubted right of his Majesty's subjects to petition his Majesty, or both hoases of parliament^ for the ledress of any public or private grievances.*' A congratulatory let- ter was presented to Pope Pius VII from the Catholic prelates of Irdand, dated from Maynooth College, June 27. It does not touch apoD any of the disputed points, and is chiefly remarkable for the inflation of its language. Of the negociations of the Irish ca- tholics with the holy see we have no direct accounts; but in the ]>ublin Evening Post^ about the beginning of November^ it is seried that the titular archbishop of Hierapolis, Dr. Murray, has ]eh Roma' on his return, and that the Pope has issued bulls for the va^ cant sees. The Irish Catholic church is moreover congratulated on a declaration to which the car- dinals have unanimously come, " That they will for no tempos ral advantage accede to the Vet0|" for to this (it is said), though ex- pressed in other words^ the decla*' ration amounts. On December 13th, a meeting of the Catholic committee tooK place at the house of Lord Fing^f at which some who had formerly seceded were present, his lordship being one. It appears that con« siderable diflerence of opinion and debate occurred respecting tho aggregate meeting, but at length all parties agreed in the propriety of abstaining from any irreleraBt matter, and that the busioeta should be confined to mere peti- tion. The assembly closed with a requisition for an aggregate meet- ing on January 34th. The situation of the Princess of Wales was again unfortunately made a topic of public discussion, in consequence of a declaratioa from her august spouse, of a na- ture which appeared to her to jus- tify an appeal to the great coun- cil of the nation. Her Majesty intending to do honour to the illus- trious visitants of this country, by holding swo splendid drawing- rooms in the month of June, an intimation was given of a purpose entertained by the Princess of Wales of making her appearance at one of them. In consequence, the Queen wrote a note to the Princess, in which she represented it as her duty to acquaint hqr with 218] ANNUAL REGISTER, iBU. • oommuDication she had received from her son, the Prince Regent, stating the necessity of his pre- sence at her court, and thai he desired it might be understood, for reasons of which he alone could be the judge, to It his fixed and unalterable determination not to meet the Princess of IValcs upon ^ny occasion, either public or pri- vate. Her Majesty was thcrrtbre under the painful necessity of inu- mating to the Princess the impos- sibility of receiving her Royal Highness at her drawing-rooms. A correspondence between the two illustrious personages was the result, which the Princess desired , the Speaker of the House of Com- naops to lay before that assembly, and which was productive of a de- bate reported in our atunmary of parliamentary proceedings. The letters themselves will be found among the State Papers. A mo- rion for an increase of the allow ance of her Royal Highness occa- sioned other parliamentary dis- cussions, which we have also re- ported. In conclusion, the Prin- cess finding, doubtless, her situa- tion in this country uncomfort- able, (for influence had been used to prevent her from receiving even the slightest mark of respect from the great strangers), she asked and obtained permission to make a tour to the continent, and first visited her brother at the court of Brunswick. She then pro- ceeded to Italv, every where re- ceiving the honours due to her rank ; and fixed herself for the winter at Naples. Of her return to England there are at present no indications. The Princess Charlotte of Wales became in this year a subject of that interest to the public which must necessarily attend any extra* ordinary occurrence relative to tke presumptive heiress of the crown. It was expected that her union with the herrditary Prince of Orange, to which bis father had alluded as a detemnined measure, in a public address to his States, would have been declared, and perhaps brought to effect ; but for »ome reason, of which the public are left in ignorai.ee, the negocia- tion for that purpose was entirely broken off. Whether or not this circumstance was cotinected with what followed, is matter of con- jecture; but it appears that the Prince Regent, accompanied by the Bishop of Salisbury, repaired to Warwick House, his daugh- ter's residence, on July 12th, and announced the dismission of all her attendants, and his intention of taking her with him to Carlton House. This declaration, proba- bly joined with paternal reproof, had such an effect on the young lady*s feelings, that requesting leave to retire, she took the oppor- tunity of escaping by the badr stair-case, and rushing into* the street, where she got into a hack* ney coach, and drove to Connaugh^ House, her mother's residence. The Princess of Wales, much eon* barrassed by this unexpected Tiait, immediately drove to the parlia- ment house to consult her friends what was proper to be done on the occasion. The result waa, that the Princess Charlotte was persuaded to accompany her uncle, the Duke of York, t» Carlton House. After remaining .there some time, she was removed to Cranbourn Lodge in Windsor Forest, where she was placed un* der the care of her new attendants. A complaint in one of her knees baring GENERAL HISTORY. [219 hmviog prodaced from the faculty A cioclaration of the expediency of ^ course of sea-bathing, her Royal Highocss in autumn went toWcy- »»iouth for that purpose, whence •))e returned at the latter en d of tlie year. Sihre that time she has continued in her residence near Windsor, and nothing farther has ^Hrcuired particularly to excite the public solicitude on her account. The introduction into parlia- ment, in the early part of the session, of bills for the purpose of making a great altrratiun in the corn laws, and especially of iixing a much higher scale for the liberty of free importation, excited a very extensive alarm among the ma- Dufacturing part of the commu- nity, and was the cause of a great number of meetings for petition- ing against such changes. Their c^ect was to defeat the proposed measure, ministers not choosing to knard the consequences of such a general impression. As the har- fest frustrated ihe expectations that had been formed of a plentiful crop, it IS probable that any check given to the large importations of grain, which have since taken place* would have raised that ne- cessary of life to an inordinate price. In the mean time, the farmer.^, pressed upon by high rents and wages, and burdensome taxes, have not been able to indem- nify tbemselves by the existing low prices of tbetr commodities, and in many instances have been re- duced to considerable difficult; so that it seems the general opi- nion that some modifications mus( be made in their favour. The restoration of peace on the continent has proved less advanta- geous to the commercial inter^tf of the country than might have been expected; and there is rea- son to apprehend a powerful ri- valry to our manufactures in the improved skill, and much lighter expense of workmanship, by whick those of our neighbours are fa- voured. The German fairs ^rG said to have afforded evidence of this successful competition. Mean- while the opening of the long- closed interior of Europe has pro- duced a vast exportation of Eng- lish tourists, who, whatever re- turns they may bring of amuse- ment or instruction, will certainly not improve the balance of trade. Nor are the emigrants few, whom the comparative cheapness of liv- ing has drawn to the continent rather as sojourners than visitants. On the whole, the close 4>f the year has not gratified the coun- try with those anticipations of in- creased prosperity, which a state of general peace might have beea hoped to justify. CHRONICLE. JANUARY. Naples, Dec. 26. YESTEKDAY, at five in the evening, CDmmcnced one of the most formidable eUiptions of vhich there is any record in the bistorjr of Vesuvius. Happily, though it presented a terrific spec- tacle, it caused no great damage. The explosion began by a shower of volcanic gravel, which was fol- lowed by a violent eruption of lata. This ignited matter having divided itself into two torrents, flowed over the ancient lavas to* wanis the Torre del Greco. At ten in the evening, the first torrent stopped ; but the second continued to proceed towards Bosco Reale •nd Bosco-Tre-Case. This morning the apparent calm of the volcano was followed by an Explosion, resembling a violent Charge of cannon. A column of ^'olcanic ashes rose in the air, and *^ared the horizon. At the mo- ''icDt wc are writing, the eruptions •till continue. Redoubled shocks (>)ake the houses of the city shake, *Hit have as yet done no damage. M^e do not know the direction of the lava. The government has taken every **«ccssary measure to afford assist- ance to those who may have need ^^ it. Yesterday the king sent one ^^ his equerries to inform himself ^^ the state of things^ and to-day Vol. LVl. « the monaith catne oi:if himlelf t!6 observe the eruption. When arrived in the neighbourhood- of the fieiy torrent, he spoke to every perfrai with that affability which charac- terises him^ and pointed out to those who appeared terrified, tbAt the direction of the lava secured ui from any danger. p. S. — It is two o'clock ; the eruption appears to have entirely* ceased. Jan. I . — A shocking murder oc- curred at Camborne, Cornwall, which was not discovered until late the following day. James Rule, a lunatic, who had been confined in Camborne poor-house for several years, found means to destroy a female pauper who attended hiih, end lived In the same apartment where he was chained. It is sup* posed that he strangled the podr woman, as there was no blood found about the room> nor any noise heard during the night that t^reated alarm. A smoke was ob- served in the house on Sunday morning, and a bad smell, which at length led to a discovery. At four in the afternoon his room was broken into, and the lunatic was found at large and alone. Upon being questioned about the woman, he said she was gone into Dcvonsbirei but on examining the fire-place, no doubt remained of his having burnt the body, from the smeu and half consumed particles of bu- B tcvaise^ ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. roan bones that remained. When pressed more closely on the subject, he confessed, that '* she was gone to ashes.** He was committed for trial. 5 . Bet ween ten and eleven o'clock at nii;ht the watchman going his rounds in Troy Town, Rocliester, was alarmed by the cries of a fe- male, which proceeded from the house of Mr. G. Pccke. The man endeavoured to procure admission, but was not able to succeed ; be at lengtl) obtained the assistance of .some of theneighbour<;, and forced llie door: on entering the room from whence theories proceeded, a most shocking spectacle presented itself; they discovered Mrs. Pecke lying on the floor, her dotht-.s all consumed to tinder, and her flrsh burnt to a state of blackness. She CKpireil in a few minutes. Mrs. P. was hitting up for her husband, and, it is conjectured, had fallen asleep whilst sitting by the fire, . when a sp'irk caught her clothes, and produced the fatal accident. 6. About half past two o'clock in the afternoon, a dreadful fire broke out at the paper-mills of Mr. Thomas Horn, at Buckland, near Dover, which burnt with such fury, that by six the whole of the mills were burnt down, the dwell- ing house was in flames, and the roof had fallen in : the furniture had previously been removed, and oo lives were lost. It was feared that other houses would aho catch Are, as large flakes of burning pa- per were flying in all directions. Every possible assistance was given by the military and town's-people, but without much eflect. 7. On the eveniog of the cth, the wife of Mr. Mann, who keeps the Marquis of Granby public- house in Gray Vlnn-iane^ left iier home, telling her husband that she h.aJ got an order to admit two to the Sans Pareil theatre, and was going to take a female friend witi) htr. She went oft' accordingly, and between ten and eleven o'clock a journeyman baker, wliom the hus- boud knew, called upon him, and told him that his wife had been taken extremdv ill, and was at an apothecary's in Fleet-street. He acknowledged that Mrs. Mann did not takr' a female friend with her to the theatre, as she told him, but had taken him, agreeably to a pro- mise, that the first order she got for a theatre she would take him thither. The husband hastened to the apothecary's, and found his wife in a senseless state It was the opinion of the medical gentlemen attending her, that she had either voluntarily taken something im- proper, or that it had been admi- nistered to her by some other per- son. The account given to Mr. Mann of the way in which his wife came there, was very diflerent from that stated by the journeyman ba- ker ; and was, that she had been brought to the shop from a house of ill fame by three men, but that she refiued to tell where the house was, or who the men were. There being no appearance of her reco- very, her husband took her home in a hackney-coach. Yesterday morning the journeyman baker called in Gray's-Inn-lane, and in- quired of Mr. Mann how his wife did. He replied, she was happy, having died at three o'clock. The body was afterwards examined, and some very severe bruises appeared on various parts of it. Mr. Mann attended yesterday morning at Bow -street, and stated these mysterious circumstances to Mr. Biroie, the magistrate/ who sent CHRONICLE. s^ntfoT the journeyman baker from N"ewcastle-strect. 1 he man attend- ed, and pcrsUted in the statement he had originally made^ and had no appearance of guile in having adnoitiistered any thing to Mrs. Mann ; his greatt-st uneasiness ap- peared to be, the fear of losing his place, in consequence of the bffi- cers being sent after liim. He was not detained, but was desired to at- tend before the coroner's inquest, and tcU every thing he knew rela- tive to the death of Mrs. Mann. Upon a full investigation, it appeared that this woma.-i, going to the theatre with her paramour, was seized there with a violent wraplaint in her head, which be- caoic of the apoplectic kind, and occasioned her death. The coro- ner's verdict was, '* Died by the viMtation olGod,'* and the man was discharged. to. Among the prisonrrs which arrived at Plymouth from Pampe- luna, there were forty women, in to wrelchcrd a state, that ihey were wholly destitute of the appropriate dress of their sex, and were alto- gether in the most extreme wretch- edness. Two ladies, the wive^ of gallant orticers attached to the Daty, with the most humane and ready consideration, immediately let on foot a subscription, and the result has answered so well to the benevolent intentions of the amia- ble roorers, that the unhappy suf- .ferers have been amply secured from the inclemency of the sea- son, and put in a condition of com- parative comfort. The Hilsborough packet, on the passage from Poripatrick to Dona- gbadee> was literally covered, in the rigging and deck, by a flock of larks : they had taken their de- parture from some place at or near Portpatrick,and, in order to hare a rest by the way, swarmed aboot the packet. So soon as they got near shore, they made a rapid flight for the land. Not less than seven boys were drowned in theTrent, by the break iiig of the ice, on which they had imprudently ventured before it waa sufficiently strong. I'hc accident happened about two hundred yards ' above Wilford-boat, in the imme- diate neighbourhood of Notting- ham. II. On the morning of the 4tb, fifty boats, manned with six men each, proceeded from Krlkeel to sea to fish ; the sea being calm^ the wind light and variable, a lit- tle snow on the ground, and slight snow showers. About eleven o'clock the day brightened, and shortly af- ter the sun had a muddy • appear- ance through a heavy cloud ; at the same time an unusual swell, ac- companied with wind, set in from the south, so strong, that the inha- bitants on shore were struck witli horror (or the approaching fate of the men at sea. About twelve o'clock the boats made every exer- tion to gain the shore at Analong. When about half way, a dreadful storm, accompanied with a heavy .enow shower, overtook them. On their arrivaJ off the harbour, sig- nals were made to prevent them coming in there. Two only suc- ceeded in landing out of. six who made the attempt ; the rest met a watrry grave. The remainder of the boats pro- ceeded along the shore, and were driven in at sundry places, some filled at sen, some were upset, and others dashed to pieces on the shore. Mourne has suffered a loss of twenty-seven of its inhabitants^ many of whom have left large i«nd B z helpless ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. helpless £lm!lies. It would be im- possible to describe the distressing scene that was there witnessed : fathers* raotbeni> wives, and sons, inquiring and looking most anxi- ously for the fate of their relations. We understand two wherrifs(Clon- terf hookers), and five boats from Newcastle, were fishing off Ana- long that day,and it is said that thir- teen of the crews of the latter were drowned. All the bodies have been found. Several fisliing-boats were sur- prised on the Warren- point coast > by a sudden storm on the loth inst. The vessels were upset, and the men perisiied. The loss is not yet accurately ascertained ; but it is believed, that at least forty men have been drowned. Lieut Ches- ney, of the royal artillery, actuated by a true spirit of benevolence, •warn boldly out in the midst of a tremendous sea, and nobly saved the lives of some of his perishing feUow-creatnres, at the imminent hazard of his own. A correspondent informs u^, that five merchant vessels have been wrecked off the Kilkeel coasts, and that the shore is covered with their rui ns. — ( Belfast Ntrvs-lettcr. ) A melancholy accident occur- red at the house of the Rev. Mr. Godscball, near Guildford, Surrey. In the evening, William Hnm- phries, the steward, and Mary Woods, one of the maid -servants, wihre missing ; when, after some search for them, they were disco- vered about ten o*clock, both dead, in the dairy. Dr. Steduian, of Guildford, was sent for, and after au examination of the bodies, he gave it as his opinion that they must have been dead at least two hours. It was about seven o'clock whcp-thef were missed, and it is hence inferred that they died in about an hour after they entered the dairy. The cause was roani«> fest : they died of sufFocatbH, pro- duced by the fumes of charcoal which was kept burning there. 12. Aberdeen. — For these few days, we have had a very severe and constant frost, with the ther- mometer during the night some- times so low as eight degrees. The weather has o'herwise been hne and seasonable. 14. The transport Queen, No. 33'2, — Carr, master, had brought home Z25 sick and invalided soU dicrs, 63 women, and 58 children, from the British army on the con- tinent ; besides which she had on board six French officers, prisoners of war,and a crew of 2 1 men,niaktng a total of 473 persons. The ship was lying in Carrick road, Fal- mouth, and, we understand, was well moored. At the commence- ment of the gale which has been attended with such fatal effects, she was observed to ride hard, and at about five o'clock this morning ( Friday) she parted her cables, and drove ash 01 e on Trefusis P6int, where, in a short time, she was beat to pieces. One hundred men and four women with great drtfi- culcy succeeded in getting ashore { all the r^st perished with the ship. Thus 369 souls were, in a few mo- ments, hurried into eternity under the most awful circumstances ! The bodies of five men, ten women, and nine children, have been wash- ed on shore near Penr}ai, and a great number at Flushing. The above soldiers were all artillery- men, except about thirty-two, who belonged to the 30th regimeot of foot.— ((7ornttYi// Gazeiie,) 15. Exeter. — ^The fall of snow in this neighbotirhood, mnoc Mon- day CHRONICLE. evening, is greater than has !0 remembered for forty years. X^€ inconvenience and stagnation of business it has occasioned are 4*stre88ing, as no persons venture out but ilio«c whom necessity com- i;>e:ls. The roads in all directions are many feet deep with snow, so that travellint^ is partially sospend- c:d : the mail and other coaches have been generally impeded, and for two days the London mail was brought from Dorchester in a chaise wiih tour horses, and did not ar- rive tiJJ thirteen hours after the usual time. The roads west of this city have been totally impassable for carriages, and the bags con- taining the mails have been con« veyed on horses. Several accidents have occurred, some of which were fatal. On Wednesday a soldier was fpuod dead on Haldon, with twen- tj-ooe pounds in his pocket; and }«sterday three of the Renfrew mi- litia were dug out near the same tpot, and tlieir bodies conveyed to Cbudlcigh. Shrewsbury, — Last week, seve- ral of the West Middlesex militia, vho had volunteered for foreign service, were frozen to death on tlietr match from Nottingham. The unfortunate men had been drinking till they were intoxicated, and, lying by the road side, slept — i)ever to wake again ! Plymouth. — On Monday night last our streets, and all the roads in the neighbourhood, were inundated bj- a fall of snow, the equal of vbich is not within the recollec- tjoo of our oldest inhabitants. The iaiJ averaged full twenty inches, which unusual depth was formed ipiittle more than six hours. Since this event the roads have been cempletely impassable for the mail QQodi and other carriages ^ and there has been no- other mode ct keeping up a conimuoicatjon with the metropolis, Exeter, fiath^ &c« than by horses. The roads from Exeter, in every direction, wtre buried many feet deep, insomuch that all travelling was suspended. During the whole of Tuesday, the streets in that city had a most dreary appearance, the shops mostly shut up, and no per* son appearing without doors but those whom necessity compelled) whilst the snow drifting by the wind completely blockaded the houses and windows, and was, in many streets, three or four feet deep. The masses of ice and snow bad accumulated in such quantities at LondoU'bridge, on the upper side, yesterday, that it was nearly impos- sible for barges or boats to pass up. Edinburgh. — The frost continues intense, and the fall of snow has been so deep in the southern parts of the country, that the different mails have arrived with di&cuky, and much behind their usual time. At twelve o'clock on Thursday night, Fahrenheit's thermometer, in the neighbourhood of Glasgow, stood at 7 degrees, or 25 degrees below freezing : and yesterday niDrning, at nine, it was at 14 de« . grees. 1/. Gloucester. — The severity of the frost, for the last fortnight, has not been exceeded by any that has preceded it for many years. The river Severn is frozep over, and the ice is in many places sufficient- ly strong to sustain persons on its surface; indeed, several people going to Tewkesbur)' market, oa Wednesday last, rode across the ice on horseback, at the Lode, near that place. On Monday the cold was so. ia- tense, thsit the thernaoioeter, ea- poi ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. posed in a north eastern aspect, stood at 13 degrees, which is 19 below the frecziog point. On the eastern coast, it stood as low as 9 and I o ; a degree of cold very unusual in this country. Upwards of a hundred bags of letters had not arrived at the General Post-office on Satur- day evening, owing to the ob- structions occasioned on all the roads by the snow. The mail coaches from Glasgow, Port pa- trick, and Edinburgh, had not reached Carlisle when the letters from thence were dispatched on Thursday, nor bad the mail from Edinburgh to Newcastle arrived at the same period. All the mails were due from below Exeter. The Holyhead mail arrived in the course of Saturday, by dint of the most vigorous and uncommon ex- ertions on the part of the guards and superintendants, but most of the cross post bags in that direc- tion are still due. The drifted snow between Bridport and Dor- chester presented such a formida- ble barrier, thgt notwithstandi ug every possible endeavour was made by the guard and the assistants, no passage could be gained through it, and after four hours labour, the coach was obliged to return to Bridport. The inconvenience aris- ing from these delays in the re- ceipt of letters begins to be very seriously felt by merchants and traders, who have remittances in transitu, to take up bills and exe- cute orders. Lherpool, — We have now had three weeks of the most rigorous frost which has been remembered in this country for a great number of years. On Friday, Fahren- heit's thermometer .stood at 15 degree^ (17 belo^ the freezing point), at the Athenajura ; in the countr)'' /it was no doubt much lower. Such a quantity of ice has been accumulated in the Mersry, that boats could not pass over. Almost every kind of labour per- formed without doors is nearly at a stand. 18. Brhiol. — The frost con- tinues in this city and neighbour- hood with unusual severity. Our Floating Harbour now exhibits quite a novel scene : from Cum- berland Basin to the l«"ceder, at the bottoiu of Avon-street, it is one continued sheet of ice : and for the first time in the memory of man, the skaiter made his ap- p?'arance under Bristol bridge. The river Severn is also frozen over at various points, so as to bear the weight of passengers. 19. All communications from Huntingdon to Buniingford ceased on this day, and it was impossible to pass beyond the town of God- manchester, owing to the snow, which covered the road froni six to ten feet in depth. The conse- quence was, that there bad not been any mails down for several days, to the very great inconve- nience of the large towns an4 populous neighbourhood in that district, and it was particularly felt northwards, as this is the principal road to Scotland. Anxiety was not relieved until Sunday 1ast« when the mail coach arrived, drawn by ten horses. The coach was attended by a gentleman from the Post-office, who had gone down from London for the pur-- pose of getting forward so im- portant and accumulated a corre- spondence. The bags were so very numerous that the coach wa^ completely filled with them. The gfeat north road may again be con- CHRONICLE. 7, considered as open, as we learn that the maiUcoacb passed tiirotigh Huntingdon on Monday. The snow is still very deep between Pockeridge and Airington, hut much ot the latter part of that road has been cleared by the ex- ertions of Lord Hardwicke, who has had a new constructed plough for clearing thS road at work since Friday, with very great effect. About two o'clock this morning an alarming tire was discovered in Denmark-s'reet, Si. Giles's, whicli threatened destruction to the ad jacent neighbourhood, in conse- quence of the difficulty of procur- ^ing water, the plugs being so com- pletely frozen that the firemen were scarcely able to produce nny impression upon the obdurate ice. One unfortunate flmale, through extreme anxiety for some property which she had left in her apart- ments, imprudently lost her life in attempting to recover it, the roof falling in at the moment of the atten)pt. Five houses were com- pletely destroyed. 20. The brig Venus, of Yar- mouth, was driven on shore in a tremendous gale, half a mile to the southward of that pier^ her large draught of water prevented her approaching nearer the land than two hundred yards. Every effort to rescue the crew, by the ordinary methods, was attempted without succe<%s. At last the naval ofHcer of the signal station brought the apparatus invented by Captain JVIanby down to the beach. At the second fire, the shot with the line attached to it was thrown from the mortar over the vessel The facility with which the crew were then disengaged from their danger was admirable, and d^- leivixi detail ^y the \\n^, with which communication had been gained, a hawser was drawn fi-opa the ship (in which it was made fast) to the shore, and distended by the efforts of the numerous spectators ; the crew were then brought to land, one by one, in a slin^ that passed from the ship to the shore, by lines reaching to either 3 and ran, with ta^y, along the hawser by a ring, made of rope, called a grummet. The storm was of such extreme severity, that if the crew had not been thus saved, the poor wretches, suppos- ing them to have escaped drown- ing, must have been frozen to death. Liverpool. — During the last three weeks there has been a more rigorous and continued frost, ac- companied by occasional falls of snow, than has been experience4 for a considerable period in this part of tliC conntry. The quan- tity of ice which has been accu; mulating in the river Mersey, has given it a most novel and curious appearance, but rendered the pas- sage extremely hazardous. The market-place on Saturday pre- sented a very uncommon appear- ance, being entirely destitute of poultry and vegetables, and fur* nishing but an extremely scanty supply of any other kind of pro- visions. Nearly every kind of labour without doors is at a stand, and a considerable degree of dis- tress has been created amongst the lower orders. of society. 2 1 . Shrewsbury . — The severity of the frost for the last fortnight has not been exceeded by any that has preceded it for many years. The river Severn is frozen over, JEind in the vicinity of this town ^has been covered with skaiters. In London the great accamu- lation 8 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. lation of snow already heaped on the ground, and condensed by three or four weeks of continued frost, was on Wednesday increased by a fresh fall, to a height hardly known in the memory of tbe oldest inhabitants. The a)ld has been intensely severe, the snow during the last fall being accom- panied with a sharp wind, and a little moisture. In many places where the houses are old, it be- came necessary to relieve the roofs by throwing off the kwd collected upon them ; and by these means tbe carriage-ways in the middle of the streets are made of a depth hardly passable for pedestrians, while carriages with difficulty plough their way through the mass. The water-pipes being ge- nerally frozen, it has become ne- cessary for several days to afford supplies by opening the plugs in the streets, and the streams thus constantly flowing, add to the ge* neral mass of ice. An enormous increase has taken place in the price of coals, in consequence of the river navigation and other means of conveyance being so greatly impeded. a a. Oxford, — Neither papers nor letters from London have ar- med in this city since Wednesday last. Except the Tetsworth road, and thai is equally impassable be- yond that place, every approach to this University is completely choaked up. In many places the snow is from ten to twenty feet deep, and although some hundreds of persons are constantly employed in cutting a passage through it, it will be some days before their ex- ertions will be attetided wKh any success. On Wednesday evening th^ Banbory coacb^ in its way to Qsi;<« ford, was, on account of the heary fall of snow, greatly impeded in its progress ; having, however^ by much exertion, reached within about two miles of this city, it was so enveloped with snow, that it was found utterly impossible to proceed ; two inside passengers, a gentleman and lady, with great dirttcuhyleft ihe coach, and at the hazard of their lives, attempted to reach the nearest village, Wolver- cot, which, aided by an outside passenger, they accomplished, though nearly exhausted, having several times been up to the chin in snow. The Bath mail has not reached this city since Sunday last, and no coach whatever has arrived here since Wednesday evening. The letters due on the 19th from G!oces- ter, Worcester, and Birmingham, came in yesterday 3 they were for- warded by horses, the riders of which, with the utmost difficulty, effected their passage. The guard of the Glocesttr mail reports, that three persons now lie dead at Bur- ford 5 one a post-boy, who was dug out of the snow yesterday rooming ; a farmer, who was frozen to death on horseback ; and another person, who died in con- sequence of the inclemency of the weather. Leeds, — The inclemency of the weather during the last few days has been almost unparalleled. All communication with tbe me^ tropolis has been suspended for two days, neither the mail nor any other coach having arrived since Thursday. All the coaches which left town this morning were obliged to re- turn, after proceeding two or three miles, though they were furnished with an Qpusu4 Dunaber of horses, being CHRONICLE. being nnablo to penetrate through the niasses of drifted now. The White Cloth-hall this morning presented an unusual appearance, there being only abtnit seven ma-. Dufacturers and the same number of merchants^ in tht* hall ; a cir- oumstance which has not before occurred since the hall was erected. 24. A (Gentleman, who was upon the spot, witnesstrd, on the Solway Priib, a singulai phenome- non. The Channel, from the Eng- lish side to Scotland, was a com- plete body ot ice, without any opening, even for a boat to pass, resembling in appearance a vast plain coverrd wiih rugged frozen snow. It extended as far to the Westward as l)elow Workington, and . presenled a most singular aspect. Upon this subject, a person at Marvport writrs as follows : — ** The Solway Frith and channel towards the Isle of Man, for the whole of last week, presented a pht-nomenon never before wit- nessed by (he oldest inhabitant. While the tide was making, all to the nor J h ward of Workington seemed like a Urge plain covered with hillocks of snow, and on the ebbing of the tide, this scene was exhibited tilU^he eye met the ho- rizon. On Monday last, the reve- nue boat, stationed at Whitehaven, made an attempt to visit Mary- port, to which place it got within about a mile, when it was enve- loped among innumerable lumps of ice, some of which were from 7 to 10 feet in thickness. The boat was obliged to retjirn to WhitebaVed. The oldest seamen say they never saw such a field of ice (as they term it) but in high northern latitudes^ or on ibe baiiki •pf Newfoundiaod.* •t 25. The coromuQicatioo wkh Portsmouth has been . less difficult than with any other of the out- ports. All the mail coaches were dispatched. from the General Post- othce on Saturday night, with su^* ' perintendants, to see every possible exertion made to get them through the snow ; but from accounts since received, it is feared that onlv a few of them will be able to proceed far on their journey. The following circular letter has beeo sent to every Postmaster in tbo kingdom : — " TO ALL POSTMASTERS. *' GcTicral Post-office^ Jan, 21, 1814. " It being matter of great im- portance to the country 10 get the roads cleared for his Majesty's mails, you will apply to the Over- stvrs of Parishes, and to ihe Sur- veyors of Highways, as well as tc any other persons concerned, and ur^e them to employ all the means in their power to make the roads passable for carriages with as little delay as possible. Francis Freelino, Sec." Canterbury. — From the drifted state of the roads, the communi- cation with the metropolis was not open until Saturday, when the snow was cut through by the mili- tary at Chatham hill, and near Gravesend ) and the stages pro- ceeded with their passengers which had been. detained from Wednes- day night. The mail of Thursday night arrived here late on Friday evening, the bags having boefi conveyed part of the distance upon men's shoulders ; the bags of Fri- day and Saturday night arrived to- gether on Sunday n)orning about ten o'clock, and yesterday the mail- Qjach reached this city about Qoon. 10 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. DuhUn, — Extract of a Letter : *-'' I do not know when this will reach you, as the Holyhead road is closed. There were five mails dne at the Head when the packet tailed yesterday. The roads here are still impnssablr, at least for coaches} 1,700 bags of letters were at one tiroe due from the different inland towns; but they are now reduced to 700. The dis- tress to the mercantile world was inconceivable. I am told one No- tary Public protested 400 bills in one night, some of them on most respectable houses. Most of the mails have come in on men's shoulders, they now come on horseback. The mails for Belfast and Enniskillen left the Post-ofiice this morning in coaches for the first tiroe since the snow. Six coache^i came in from Naas on Saturday, four of ihem were upset. The streets are impassable, most of them completely blocked up, the snow being seven or eight fet;t. The oldest person has no recollection of half the quantity of snow falling in the time. Some medical men venture out in car- riages, but those get upset, as there has been no attempt to clear away the snow. When the ihaw comes, it will be even worse for some lime." ** Wednesday. — ^The thaw has commenced — the roads for the .present are worse than they were. No Irish mails to day. The coaches are expected to run on Saturday morning ^^ith mails.*' This morning an alarming fire broke out nt Messrs. Cor by n and Co.'s chemists, in Hoi born. It began in the laboratory, and the whole of th&t part of the extensive property was entirely destroyed) but fortunately, bj the arrival of a number of fire-engines, it was pre- vented extending to the front ot the building. 27. Yesterday the wind having veered tound to the south-west, the etVects of thaw were speedily discernible. The fall of the river at London bridge has for some days past pre- sented a scene both novel nnd in- teresting. At the ebbing of the tide, huge fragments of ice were precipitated down the stream, with great violence, accompanied by a noise, equal to the report of a small piece of artillery. On the return of the tide, they were forced back again ; but the ob- stacles opposed to their passage through the arches was so great, as apparently to threaten a total stop- page to the navigation of the river at this essential point, and which probably would have soon taken place had the frost continued with unabated severity. 29. The following circular has been issued in consequence of the impassable state of the roads from the snow and frost. jykite/iall.- My Lord ; the very serious inconv.'^nience to indivi- duals and the public, which is ex- perienced throughout the kingdom from the unusual and continued severity of the present season, having engaged the particular at- tention of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, bis Royal High- ness has been pleased to command, that proper measures l>e immedi- arely adopted for affording under these circumstances every passible relief. It is more especially his Royal Highness*8 wish, that effectaal means be resorted to for restoring, as far as may be possible, the ac-» <:u8tomed facility of oomninnica. tk) CHRONICLE. 11 t von between London and the se- -^-eral parts of the interior, so es- sential to the interests of both ; ^nd for alleviating the distress '^jrhich has been occasioned among n large and meritorious class of in- ciustrions persons, by the necessary suspension of their usual cmploy- nirnt at this season of the year, and the consequent privations to Mrhich they have been and are still subjected. In obedience to these com- mands, I am to call upon your Lordship, as his Majesty's lieute- njint, to carry his Royal Highnesses pleasure into effect, within the county under your Lordship's charge. It will be obvious to your F.ord- ship, that the first and immediate duty to which your attention should be directed, is that of pro- viding all practicable means for removing from the highways and principal roads of communication lying within your Lordship's county, the obstructions which have taken place from the late heavy falls of snow, so that his Majesty's subjects may be able, to traverse the same without danger or impediment, as occasion shall require. The discharge of this duty is for- tonatcly most compatible with the farther object which his Royal Highness has anxiously in view, inasmuch as it will enable your Lordship to ensure employment for various classes of individuals, who for the present are deprived of their usual earnings by the in- clemency of the season. Your Lordship will be aware of the necessity of giving immediate atteotion to the Prince Regent's oomnaands on this important sub- ject ; and you will flccordingljr communicate, without delay, wqth the magistracy, and through them with the trustees of turnpike^ roads, the overseers of the poor, the surveyors of the high-wayi, and other subordinate oiBoeni within the districts and parishes of the county, in such manner, as to insure the most speedy and effec- tual means of carrying his Royal Hlghness's pleasure into effect. 1 have the honour to be, my Lord, Your Lordship's most obe- dient humble servant, (Signed) SiDMouTH. His Majesty's Lieutenant of the county of . ■^o. An inquest sat on the body of Mr. James Clement, of Mere, Wilts, who was killed by a most melancholy accident. It appeared that the deceased went shooting the day before with Mr. Jamei Glover, of Mere, and that while pursuing their sport. Glover fell into some deep water, and called to his friend Clement to assist him, who immediately took hold of the muzzle of Glover's gun, in order to pull him out of the water ; but while in the act of this assist- ance, the gun went off, and its contents entered Clement's left breast, who instantly fell, ex- claimed " Lord, have mercy upon me !" and died in about five mi- nutes. He has left a widow and two children. The jury brooght in a verdict — Acddentalty shot. FEBRUARY. I . The Thames, between Black- friars and London bridges, con- tinued tb present the novel scene of persons moving on the ice in all 12 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. »n directions, and in greatly in- oreaaed numbers. The ice, how- ever, frooi its rougiiness and ine* qualities, is totally unfit for amuse- Qient, though we observed several booths erected upon it for the sale of small wares; but the publicans and spirit dealers were most in the receiptor custom. The whole of the river opposite Queen hithe was completely frozen over; and in some parts the ice was several feet thick, while in others it was dangerous lo venture upon ; not - withstanding; which, crowds iif foot passen fibers crossed backwards and forwards ihronghout the whole of the day. We did not hear of any lives beiui^ lost ; but many who ventured too far towards Blackfriars bridge were partially immersed in the water by the ice giving way. Two coopers were with difficulty saved. 6. The ice in the river Tyne, which had been so long frozen over both above and below New- castle-bridge, gave way to the genial thaw^ which commenced on the 4th, and no damage was sustained by the shipping in the river, notwithstanding the im- mense thickness of the ice. it will be a memorable circumstaDce in the local history of the country, that so large and rapid a river siiould have been frozen to the thickness of twenty inches ; and the Antiquarian Sodety of New- castle have recorded the event on vellum, as a docunoent to be re- • ferred to. 7. State of the river Thames. —The ice between Blackfriars and LbodoD bridges gave way yester- day, in consequenoe of the high tides. On Saturday fbouaaods of people waikedon the im ffom oo^ bridge to the other, iiotwitbstaDd. ing there were evident signs. ^ its .speedily breaking up ; and even early yesterday morning sonte fool- hardy persons passed over from Bank-side to Queenhithe. About an hour after this, the whole masa gave way, and swept with a tre- mendous range through ihe noble arches of Blackfriar^i -bridge, car-* rying along with it all within its course, including about forty ba^g^s. The new erections for the Strand-bridge impeded its pro-i gress, and a vast quantity of the ice was there collected, but the strong current on the Somerset- house side carried every thing be- fore it, and the passage of the river became at larded to his sister. The engines arrived soon after seven o'clock. About eight thtt flames had ob- tained so great an ascendancy, that all attempts to save the Custom- house were abandoned. The ex- •ertions of the firemen and others employed were then directed to the warehouses and other build- ings on both sides of the street, when a report was circulated that many barrels of gunpowder were -deposited in the vaults, and that consequently ?.n explosion might aoon be expected. This report had nearly a magical eflect. All withdrew to a distance, both flre- inen and spectators. At half-past Dine the report which had been circulated was confirmed not to have been an idle one. The ex- plosion of about two barrels and an half of gunpowder was tre- mendous. The shock was dis- tinctly felt on the Royal Exchange, and by persons who came to Lon- don by the Whitechapel-road 5 it was felt four miles in that direc- tion. Many of the buckets were carried as far as Billingsgate ; and one man was hurt or killed by two bricks falling on bis head. The concussion spread devastation around the' neighbourhood, break- ing many windows in Cannon - street, Kastcheap, and the adjoin- ing streets, and exciting in the breasts of the inhabitants appre- hensions of the complete destruc- tion of that quarter of the city. Merchants were seen in all direc- tions giving orders for the removal of stores from the diflerent ware- houses, and every individual who happened to possess property, how- ever trifling, near the scene of de- struction, was most anxious iu his endeavours to remove it to a place of comparative safety. The flames soon communicated to the houses in Thames-street, opposite the Custom-house, and embraced, in a shurt time, ware- houses in Globe-yard, and the whole of the tenements extending from Beer-street to Water-lane, from which it required the utmost activity of the inmates to escape, not with their property, but with their lives. Numbers- of indivi- duals were severely scorched ; while others, in a state almost of nudity, were seen mshing in search of a place of shelter. Among the more remarkable escapes, were those of the Storekeeper and his family, who, but for the assist- ance of a flre-ladder, and the prompt exertions of a flreroan, must have perished in the flames. At one o'clock the whole of the Cusjtom -house and the adjoining warehouses were completely re- duced to ashes ; and the food of the flames having been at that side exhausted, the attention of the firemen and their assistants was directed to other quarters, where they wete enabled to render the moKC CHRONICLE. IS efFcclnal awistance, and bc- tbree, all fear of the further extension of the flames bad sob- lided. Ten hooses opposite the Cus- i-house were burnt down by ttwo o'clock. Among them were "Holland's Coffee-house, the Rose and Crown, and Yorkshire Grey public- housrs, ind the King's Arms public house much damaged. The gunpowder which ex- ploded is !$nid lo have been depo- sited in the Armoury of ihe Cus- tom-house volunteers ; there were deposited there likewise ;oo stand of arms, 500 suits of clothing, Bcc, A female servant of Miss Kelly jumped out of a two pair of stairs window : she was much hurt, and carried to St. Thomas's Hospital in a lifeless state. The East- India and Custom- house corps of volunteers were on the spot soon after the bursting out of the flames, and by their un- ceasing attention prevented much of that plunder and confusion which would have otherwise pre- vailed. They formed lines across the ditferent avenues which led to the flames, and would on no pre- tence whatever suffer the crowd to approach « The books and papers of the Searchers' ofiice, on the quay, were saved : they were conveyed out of the windows, and put on boa^d a lighter lying alongside. In the Survf-yor's office some books were preserved ; but in the Secretary's office, from being so close to the Storekeeper's apartmentSj few, if any, documents were saved, and consequently the bonds in the Coast Bond office were lost. In the long room, the objects go im- portant in a national point of view^ the books and some of the docti<« ments of the collector outwardSf were saved ; but it is feared that those belonging to the collecldr inwards are lost. These doca« ments were many of them of great age. The actual loss to government by the sudden destruction of the Custom-house cannot be calca« lated ; books, bonds, debentam, pearls, coral, valuable property of every description, and secaritlet of all kinds have been consun^d. Business is and must remain quite at a stand for some time ; no- meroas vessels ready to sail cannot clear out, and consequently the injury to the mercantile world will be most severe and distressing. The private property lost within the buildings is very considerable : several gentlemen had left large sums of money in their desks, ready to make payments on the following day. One individual has lost upwards of six thousand pounds in bank-notes, which Will be irrecoverable, as the memoran- dum of the numbers was in the desk with the notes, and met the same fate. A very fine collection of pic- tures was also lost, which the Commissioners had permitted a gentleman to leive in deposit till it would be convenient for him to pay the duties, amounting to 1,500/. A genteel young man, in appearance, was stopped by some Police officers, in Thames-street, and on searching him his pockets and breeches were found to be stuffed with coral beads, silk handkerchiefs, and other valuables of small bulk. It appeared that his boldness \r\ venturing nearer than even the firemen dared to 1^ ANN U At REGISTER, 1814. do, had enabled him to obtain this booty. The explosion of the gunpowder earned the burnt papers, ships re- gisters, and a variety of matter, as far as Dalston, Shacklewell, Ho- knerton. Hackney, and all the ad- joihiog villages in the direction of the wind. A bundle of tinged debentures is said to have been picked up by a geotleouin at as great a distance from the scene of destroctioo as Spital-cquare. The. following additional parti- culars have bren communicated with r^ard to this lanoentable event : — The fire^ broke out at a quarter past aiJL o'clock in the morning, and IS uodentood to have origi- caiedirMn a fire flue of one of the offices of business, adjoining a closet attached to the house-keep- er's apartmenta. This closet was on the two-pair of stairs. From the tiooe of the rooming at which it began, and from the instant burst of flame from the back part of the building, there can be little doubt of ibe fire having been slumbering in a latent state throughout the principal part of the previous evening. The porter of the house was the first person who discovered it. He was going up stairs for a key to admit him, as usual, to a part of the house that communicated with the cfiices, and when on the se- cond floor he heard a crackling of fire, and saw a flame breaking firom the ceiling ; be instantly rushed into the room, which was that in which Colond Keliy slept, whom he found standing by the bed feet, the curtains in a blaze, and the flame pouring from the above-mentioned doset. By thjis time the whole room waa on fire^ and a Mr. Drinkald had given the alarm from the qnav> towards which the windows of this room looked. The porter proceeded to call up the servants and the fa- mily; the Colonel ran to a room adjoining his own, which was fronting the street : he was saved by a ladder with the greatest diflH- culty, and shockingly burnt in the face and hands The account he gives is, that be was awakened by a Hau)ke which filled his roomi and almost in a state of suflbc.ition he arose a^d opened bis closet, for the purpose of getting at his dreiising gown that he might hasten to alarm the family ; but immediately upon opening this closet^ a volume of flame burst forth— the curtains of the bed and those of the windows caught fire, and thus encompassed with the blaze he was found by the porter. It appears that in this closet there was formerly a fire- place, which, for a long time, bad been boarded up, the flue of which was connected with another in an office below. The Miss Kellys most narrowly escaped, with only the covering of binnkets ; and Captain Hintoa Kelly made his way through the fire with his sisters, in the same unprovided state. The Captain had but the day before returned from Brighton, where he had been for the recovery of his health, which had suflered greatly in coh« sequence of long service in tlie West Indies. Most of the servants had pr^ viously fled to the top of the house« from which they were taken down by ladders. It is to be deplordd, th^t CHRONICLE. 17 that nn orphan girl whom Miss KclJy had brought np in her srr- ricc, with another whom she vas also about to provide for in the snrae manner, perished in the flames. Miss Kelly, by her shrieks, endeavoured to awaken them, for it was impossible for her to reach the chamber in which they slept. The colonel, at the moment, was carried to Mr. Lingham's in Beer-lane,. and the injuries he has received make it dangerous to re- move liim for the present j this, added to a severe ;isthraatic com- plaint which he caught in the re- treat noder sir John Moore, and which was much increased by the Walchercn fever, renders his re- covery very doubtful. Miss Kelly and her family have lost every part of their property that was in the house. Nothing was insured. The fire, according to the re- port of the firemen, would have been got under very soon, but the explosion of the gunpowder having struck terror into the men who worked the engines, they fled and Icfc the flames for some time to rage uncontrolled. This powder was for the use of the volunteer corps, and did not, it is now said, amount to a larger quantity than ten or twelve pounds; but the as- sertion that there were as many barrels, threw an instant panic on all around, and throughout the neighbourhood. Certain, how- ever, it is, that had not this ex- plosion taken place, the fire would not have spread. As it is, there is great consolation in knowing that many of the important papers of office have been recovered ; and several, chests of valuables, with the priDcipal records, have been Hived* No delay will take place ia thp progress of basiness. Vol. LVI. The first Custom.honse built in London was in 1559, 225 years ago 5 it was burnt down in 17 18, and rebuilt the same year; and it was on Saturday, the 12th of Fe« hruary, again totally consumed bjr lire. The first Custom-house, therefore, stood 159 years 5 the second, which was burnt on Sa* turday, stood 96 years. 14. About a fortnight ago, Mr. Thomas Lang, a respectable blan* ket manufacturer, of Littletown, deposited in a drawer of his desk two bills of exchange, of the value of upwards of seventy pounds. On Tuesday last, Mrs. Lang having occasion to refer to the bills, went to the drawer, but to her great consternation no bills were to be found. Every article in the desk was turned over, and the search was continued until midnlgbt without effect, and resumed the next morning vith no better suc- cess. When all hopes of' finding the lost property had vanished, it neighbour came ia^ and . having heard the story of the Iom, remov- ed the desk, and on the back part of it, a small aperture was dis- covered. On continuing the search a similar hole was found in the floor, and upon removing three flags, a mouse's nest was discover- ed, in which were the lost notes, almost reduced to their original rags, and which the mouse, with great ingenuity, had converted into a very comfortable lining for its nest; but fortunately the bills, though torn into minute pieces, retained sufficient of the writing to ascertain their identity. The remains of Mrs. Wright,' late Prioress of the Nunnery at Lanheme, were interred in Maw- gan church ; on which occasion a procession of the nuns of that in- C stitutioo 18 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. iiluliou took place^ in the follow- ng order : — £%ht ictnalesydrefsrd in whrte^ with long white veils. The cofHn, carried by eight Nuns, in the full dress of their order, and wearing long black veils. Twelve Nuns, with lii;hted tapers, chauntiug a funeral dirge. The nuos accompanied the remains of their late superior no further than the church-yard ; when the corpse was borne to the grave by ihe ladies who had preceded it, Ibc nuns returning immediately to ihe Nunnery. A considerable nom- bcr of spectators assembled to wit- ness the novel exhibition. 20. An action was lately tried in the Court of Session, Edin- burgh, brought by John Cooper, schoolmaster of the parish of Dal- xneny, against the Rev. J. Greig, minister of the same. Tl>e libel stated, that '* the defendant hav- ing conceived causeless ill-will against the prosecutor, did, on Sunday, March 17, 1811, read from the pulpit of the parish church of ]>almeny, in tlie hear- ing of the congregation, a written paper, containing many false and scandalous charges against the pro- secutor, concluding with a dtxla- ration that be was no longer the schoolmaster of the parish, and that the office was vacant. The court having declared the libel proved, the prosecutor said he had brought the action to clear his cha- racter, and had no desire to make it a source of personal emolument, and therefore out of motives of cocnpflssion to the defendant and his family, did not wish for pecu- niary reparation. The court, in pronouncing judgment, declared tlie libel to be malicious and un- provoked) the censure tber^o contained unjust and unfounded j out of the due course of ecclesiasti- cal discipline, and therefore highly illegal ', that they would have awarded damages to a large amount; but in consideration of the request of the prosecutor him- self, they modified the damages to twenty two guineas, with full costs. The expenses were after- wards taxed at 407 pounds, for which a decree WiJs pronounced against the defendant. 21. A letter from Heligoland mentions that the intense frost there had, as in England, been preceded by thick fogs and heavy falls of snow. The latter was ten and twelve feet deep. The frost, which had lasted six weeks, bad on the 8tli every ap^iearance of continuance. There had been scarcely any arrivals on the island, which was unusually gloomy. Few people ventured out. Within doors they were apprehensive of the hoixse being blown down, and without of being blown away or buried in the snow. Even the vi- sits of neighbours were not unat- tended with hazard ; for if length- ened to a few hours, the door- ways became blocked up, and rm* turn ibr that night impossible, un- less the party chose to walk out of a one pair of stairs window, and proceed upon broad planks pra- viously laid upon the surface of tba snow. 22. Inundations. ^-Vrom fbc recent thaw, the waters in t lie river Wiihara have broken the banks in many places, and flooded all the lands west of Lincoln, on towards Gainsborough ; the strength of the current has been so great as to carry away Bouitham*- bridge, which was erected last • • year; CHRONICLE. 19 year; the damage sustained will be ver>' great, both in the banks and on tlie lands, as many thou- sand acres .ve Fi.undatcd. For se- veral days in the week beforr last the water in the river at Wisbech rose rapidly, until, on Saturday, the river was eight feet higher than its ordinary level. The great- est exertions were necessary to save the bridge, and buiklings on the banks, from being carried away by the masses of floating ice. On Sunday the waters had greatly abated. The ice-boat, with 18 horsei, and a great number of men, was incessantly at woik on Friday and Saturday J and to their exer- tions it is owing that a great deal of mischief did not occur. A part of the old wooden bridge over the river Trent, at Mark ham, near Newark, gave way early on Sun- day se'nnight, soon after the Work- sop and Manchester waggon heavi- ly loaded, had passed over: this old bridge has been deemed a nui- sance on the great north road, for years past. Never, perhaps, was greater agitation produced in the me- h'opolis by any foreign news, than was yesterday occasioned by a fraud of the most impudent and nefarious defcriplion. An express arrived from Dover, communicat- ing information, that an officer, apparently of the French staff, had landed early in the morning at that port from France, who an- nounced in the most positive terms, the death of Buonaparte, whether in battle, or by assa.ssina- t)on, or otherwise, the persons at Dovrr could not learn; but they stated, that the French officer had proceeded on his way to London> with dispatches for govertimrnt on the subject. This statement, probable in itself, and attendee} with so many circumstances of plausibility as to the mode of its conveyance, easily obtained belief. The Stock-Exchange was instantly in a bustle. Omnium, which opened at 27^, rapidly rose to 33. Vast suras were sold in the course of the day, — not less, it is sup- posed, in all, than half a million} but at length the non -arrival of the pretended French officer began to throw discredit on the tale. Onv- nium gradually declined, and final- ly closed at 28^. The evening passed away without any commiv- nication whatever to government } and it is therefore evident, that the whole was a most infamous piece of swindling. Further Particulars of th€ Fraud practised on the Stock £aF- change. — ^The persons at Dover, who were first concerned in trans-* mitting the false intelligence to Loudon, and who, of course, feel it incumbent on them to exonerate themselves from the charge of par- ticipating in so infamous a transr action, have put forth the follow- ing statement : — They say, that in the middle of Sunday night, a per- son, dressed as an officer, walked from the beach of Dover towards the town, and meeting with a watch- man, enquired of him the way to the Ship Inn, to procure a post* chaise and horses for town. The pretended officer was a tall dark man, dressed in scarlet and gold, with a large star on his breast, the coat turned up with green, and he wore a large sword by his side. He feigned to be much fatigued, and his beard wa^ very long. The Collector of the Customs was much displeased that he was not C 2 called 20 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. called from bis bed to examine tbe officer. Before the impostor pro- ceeded on his journey he addressed a ItXtev to Admiral Foley, to the {mrpbrt, that he had ordered Iiis boat's ctew to France, and request- ed the politeness of the admiral, in case they shouM be intercepted by any of the British cruisers, that the men might be properly treated, and sent to France without loss of titpc. To this epistle he subscribed fhc tiame of Colonel De Burgh. No boat, however, was seen ; and it is to be presumed he was not landed from any, but that his clothes had been purposely made wet, to induci; a belief that it was from the spray of the sea. Por every thing he had, and even at the turnpikes, he offered Napoleons for change. How near he ap- proached town in an officer's garb, docs not appear. The fellow, "whoever he may be, was supposed to have entered Dover on Sunday morning, by the road leading from town. Such a person, with a companion, was met in a post- Cbaise and four. A landlord of One of the inns at Rochester, was icen in the company of the sus- ^cted person ; and he will be re- quired to give some account of his companion. Besides the principal plot acted at Dover, there was a een suspected previous to his arrival. Matthews has undergone several e3Laminations before the magis- trates of that district, and on Mon- day he underwent a final exami- nation at Wing, when it appeared that on the evening of the 21st of February, about twenty minutes before eight o'clock, Mr. Varney was alive and well in his shop, having served a boy with some candles from behind his counter. A short time after the clock struck eight, a man was passing by Mr. Varney's house, who observing his door open, and hearing some very distiessing groans, he was induced to go into the Red Lion Inn, which is but a few yards distance from Mr. Varney's house, where he related what he had seen and heard, which induced a number of persons to go with him to the boose. They found the shop door open, and Mr, Vamey, most cruel- ly wounded, behind his counter. A surgeon was sent for, but the old roan expired in about 20 mi- nutes. The surgeon on examin- ing him found that he had received severe wounds on his nose, under his eyes, on his temple, and on his skull, which appeared to have been given with a mallet or hammer 5 those on his nose appearing to have been given with the claw of a large hammer. It was also ascer- tained, that the house had been robbed^ but to what amount could not l>e then ascer^ned. The mur- der and robbery caused very con*» sidcrable alarm in the village 3 bvt it was observed, that John Mat*; thews did not appear to takejtbci same interest in what had l^apH pened as the generality of the peQ^^- pie did, which was the original^ ground of suspicion against biii|^ It was proved that he was the laali and only person who was seen near the deceased's house. Three wit- nesses said, they saw him close to the deceased's door, about eight! o*clo9k, although he denied hav- ing been at the end of the village during that night. One of toA witnesses stated, that he had oo doubt Matthews was the tnan whom he saw close to the deceas- ed's door, about eight o'clock, and that he called tp him at the time, saying, " Good night, Ma§«. ter Matthews,** but received no answer, which he observed to a friend as being an extraordinary circumstance in Matthews's cqn^ duct, as he knew him extremely well. Another witness, who saw him close to the deceased's dobr^ observed to a friend, that he had seen that fellow, who was to be married the following momioff, ipeaning John Matthews, 8k«)k- ing about the door of the deceased^ and had also seen him in the same situation on the Sunday night pre- vious, and wondered what he coold want there. Matthews denied being at the door of the deceased^ but was not able to account fiir the last half hour of the time wbea the murder was committed. Un- der these circumstances, it waa thought right by the inhabitants to stop his marriage on the follow- ing day, and accordingly when be was walking to the church with his intended wife^ an indmlrioas laoe« 11 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. lace -maker of that village, he was ed, and also spoke to a bad shilliDg stopped till the arrival of Bishop^ and sixpence found on the pri- fhom London, and then delivered soncr as being similar to what be into his custody. When searched, had seen in the deceased's posses- th^e was found on him a canvas sion. biig> containing twenty shillings, Bishop searched the house of the ^dio five shillings which Matthews deceased, and found, concealed ia itppeared desirous to conceal: they different and very unlikely places, Bad the appearance of being bad, 147 seven shilling pieces, 72 half- bat this proved only to be the ef- guineas, 8 guineas, 1 24I. in bank feet of being hoarded. On being notes, and silver to the amount of questioned as to how he became several pounds. A tin tea-canister, l^siesscd of this money, and also however, is missing, which con- the bad shillings, he conceiving tained a 20I. note and 30I. in small the five shillings to be bad at that notes. The instrument that per- dfioe, replied^ that he had taken petrated the horrid deed has not fbem in change of the deceased been found yet. About a fortnight previous to the Matthews was lodged in Ayles- itHirdcr. The prisoner had been hxxry gaol, to take his trial at the oat of work for the three months ensuing assizes. previous, and his being about to Lady Frances Wilson, daugh- get married was considfjred a \cry ter of the p^arl of Aylcsburj', has cxtraordinar)^ thing by all who lately had a valuable estate left Imew him, as it was known that her in Hampsliire, under very ex- ile had no means of supporting a traordinary circumstances, and wife. He had not purchased the from a very eccentric person of the wedding ring till the morning af- name of Wright, who died in an ter the murder, which he did at a obscure lodging in Pimlico, on vfefy early hour, of Mr. Dumville, Monday, the 14th instant. On at Fenny Stratford, and for which her ladyship being inforu*ed of the Be was to pay los ; in part of legacy, and of the name of the tes- payment he gave eight sixpences, tator, she replied, it mu^tbc a mis- all o{ which appeared to be bad, take, and ridiculed the inielligcnce, but, on examination, proved mere- as she did not know any gentle- \f to have been hoarded. The man of the name. Mr. Archdea- aeme day he paid 12s. for six gal- con Pott, however, called upon her loDs of beer to make merry with ladyship, assuring her of the cor- at his wedding. He had ordered rectness of the statement. The clothes of a taylor residing at person of the deceast^d was then Leighton Buzzard, which were to described to her, and sht^ at last come to 7I. without any visible recollected that it answered ih?»i of means of paying far them. a gentleman whom she conMdcicd A son-in-law of the deceased, to be a foreigner, who was a con- who keeps a shop in the same vil- stant frequenter of the opera, and h^, declared his belief that he who annoyed her extremely there bad seen silver in the possession of by constantly stafing at htr. To the deceased similar to that which satisfy herself as to Mr. Wiight's bad the appearance of being ho^rd- being the same person^ on learning that CHRONICLE. 35 that bis corpse was not yet inter- red, she went to the lodgings and saw the bodv, when she recollect- ed the feature's of the face to be the same with those of the person who Qsed to be constantly looking at lier at the opera ; but she never to her knowledge saw him upon any other occasion, nor did she know his name or who he was. Tlie deceased was a constant at- tendant at St. Martin's church, but had no regular pew ; he occa- sionally gare the pew-opener 2 shilling, and at Christiiias he al- ways gave her a guinea. In bis will he left a legacy of loool. to Archdeacon Pott, the Bector of St. Martin's, a« a mark of his appro- bation of a sermon he heard him preach. The archdeacon had no knowledge of Mr. Wright. He also left the following legacies: loool. to the Lord Chancellor; 4000I. to the Countess of Rosslyn; and 4000I. to the Speaker of the H. of Commons. He had no more knowledge of any of these distin- guished characters than he had of Lady Frances Wilson. The re- iiMinsof Mr. Wright were interred on Tuesday last, in his family vault at Drayton. MARCH. 3. G/«Jg, reedmaker) is missing, and it is supposed she was buried in the rubbish, where she mnsthave perished. The fall of the house was generally attributed to some alterations that were making in the ground-floor; and several ft-' mi lies had removed that day, from an apprehension of immediate dan- ger, which fortunately rendered the actual casualties fewer. 6. The Rev. George Murray having been appointed, about the beginning of last year, to the Bi- shopric of Sodor and Man^ and presented to the Prince Regent by the Duke of Athol, upon the occa- sion, it was discovered, that, beinff only thirty-one years old, he had not attained sufficient age to be ft bbhopi thirty* two years being the retjuistte 24 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. requisite age -, his consecration was in coQscquence postponed till this day, when it took place in White- hall chapel. The Archbishop of York, as head of the province to which the bishoprick belongs, presided on the occasion, accom- panied by the Bishops of Exeter and Chester, and other divines. 9. Monmouth. — About twenty- seven years ago, the body of a young woman, named Mary Pri chard, was found in a mill pond i|i the neighbourhood of Long- town, in the county of Hereford, with many marks of violence thereon, and a coroner's jury being summoned, after a patient investi- gation, delivered a verdict of WiU fykl Murder. The deceased had for some time lived servant with Mr. Gilbert, of Cluddock, ^nd two young men, John Davis and John Jones, being her intimate acquain- tance,, suspicion fell upon them, and they were in consequence ap- prehended. Jones had fornj^erly lived at Mr. Gilbert's with hoc i|$ a f^ljow-servant; but hb then mis- tress (Mrs. Hopkins, of Irelan- dpn,) 9 wearing that he was in her house all the evenings that he xyent to bed before her, and that he did not rise till after she was up; and this being corroborated by a boy, who swore that he slept with him, aod that to the best of his knowledge he was not out of bed till he arose with him, to go to their usual employment, he was discharged. Davis also ffroved his innocence. Sometime after this Jones left that neighbourhood, and took up his residence in Mon- mouthshire, when he married, and hcd five children, but his wife has been dead some years, and be is Dpw m the d^liqe of life. Being at length severely afflicted with ilU ness, and fearing the approach of death, he sent a few d^ys since for the Rev. Mr. Sayce, of iTrellick, to whom he made a full confeanoii of the murder. He acknowledges that he retired to rest with the boy before his mistress went to bed^ that when he thought all the fa« mily were asleep, (having previous- ly appointed to meet the unhappy girl, who was pregnant by him), he stole out of the house, commit* ted the horrid deed, ami returned to his bed without disturbing any one, having been but a few mi- nutes absent. He still lives, though in a very weak state, and appears much easier in his mind since the confession. His present reideuce is on Penal th Common, near the Hargoed, about three miles firom hence. 10. From tlie Limerick Evenr ing Post, — *• We are sorry to an- nounce, amongst the many fatal accidents which occur from the incautious handling of fire-arms» one of a most melancholy nature, which happened lately at Riversdale, in this county, the seat of the late Hugh Massy, Esq. This unfor^ tunate gentleman was sitting with his brother-in-law, George Bu-» channan, £sq. and making some arrangements towards the detection of persons concerned in disturbing the public peace, when a loaded feather-spring pistol, which one oi the gentlemen was in the act of moving to the other side of the table where they were sitting, went off*, and the ball lodged in Mr. Massy 's head, who almost in- stantly expired 1" 15. A dreadful accident occur- red at Leominster, by the falling iq of a floor in th^ bouse of Mr, Johq CHRONICLE. 25 .JoliD Wjndr, a respectable malt- ster. The floor, it appears* was Joaded wkh a large quantity of "wheat, bur not being properly se- ctored, some of the timbers gave "way, and the whole was instanta- neously precipitated through a se- cond floor into the kitchen, where Mrs. Wynde, her aunt, four chil- dren, and two female servants, iK'ere sitting. An alarm being immediately given by a man ser- vant, who happened fortunately to escape, though buried nearly breast high, tlie most prompt assistance was aflforded, and in less than half an hour the whole were dug out. The three younger children were dead from sufl'ocaiion, and the two servants from violent contusions on their heav.s. Mrs. Wynde, her aunt, and the eldest dnugbter, mi- raculously escaped death, the aunt and daughter being found in an upright situation, covered about breast high with falkn timbers, bricks and grain. Mrs. Wynde was the last that was discovered upon the floor, under the whole of (the rubbish, and, by proper exer- tions, was soon recovered *, but her iaaroediate inquiries about the chil- dren, and her lamentations when informed of the fate ot her family, were heart-rending beyond descrip- tion i indeed, such a truly distress- ing scene was scarcely ever wit- nessed. Mr. Wynde, who had been subpoenaed to Worcester as- sis&es, arrived next morning by ex- press, and those who are husbands and parents may feel, but cannot describe, his situition — bereft, in an instant, of nearly the whole of his family ! 17. At the Northampton as- sizes, held last week, Richard Lock was indicted for stealing a silver watch in the dwelling house of E. Green, of Middleton. The fact being proved, and the prisoner having been called upon for hift defence, he addressed the Judge nearly as follows : — ** It is usual for persons placed in similar cir- cumstances with myself to endea- vour to extenuate their offences; to th3t I shall not presume. I have forfeited mv life, which has been a continuation of captivity and mi- sery. The only thing of* which I have had any thought or conside* . ration for the last six months ha& been death. I am wrary of life, and hope for a better in another world : and I request that your lordship will pass sentence on me, and that it may be exeaited as speedily as possible." He wat found guilty, and sentence of death having been passed i:pon him, he exclaimed—" This is the happiest day I have seen for 20 years V* 21. The frost has been so ex* cessively severe in the Baltic this winter, that the Sound, between Copenhagen and Sweden, was frozen over, and the communica- tions over the ice, by means of sledges, open and uninterrupted. 26. Ramsgate, — Late osi Thuri^ day afternoon last, a route arrived here, for the detachment of the 2d Dragoon Guard«, or Queen'q Bays, at our barracks, to march to the head-quarters, Deal, the next morning, and from thence for Portsmouth, to embark, and join Lord Wellington's army. Ac- cordingly, between nine and ten yesterday morning, the detach^ ment was on parade, under arms, and left the barracks, at which time a most melancholy circum^p stance took place. A private dra- goon, named George Gregoi^f^ was. 26 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. was> it is said, pretty much intoxi- cated, and was reported so by an officer to Major Gordon, who commanded the detachment, and that the said Gregory was very re- fractory. On this Major Gordon said to the officer, '* it is of no u^ talking to a drunken man, you will only get abusive language perhaps 3 order Gregory into tlie custody of the rear guard (this was in the barrack-yard). Immediate- ly after the detachment marched, /lud the rear-guard not following so soon as it ought, Major Gor- don, it is said, on inquiry, found that Gregory, the private before mentioned, refused to go on. He went to him, and Gregory said to the major, that he would not march until he was told why he was a prisoner. Major Grordoa ^then said, " Gregory, you are drunk.*' The man said, " I am not drunk," and made use of mu- tinous language to the major, and still kept his horse back, refusing to go on. Major G. then seeing the corporal of the rear-guard without a sword, asked him the reason, and he was answered, that his sword was at the head- q^iarters to be shari>ened. The ma- jor then observing that the refrac- tory soldier had a sword, he drew it out of the scabbard, and struck the prisoner's horse several times with the flat part to make him go forward, Gregory still keeping a tight rein to prevent it. The horse then turning sharp round, and the Major holding the sword out, or repeating his stroke, the point of the sword entered Gre- gory's left side, just under the ribs, which caused such effiision of blood, that the poor man died in a few minutes. The prisoner^ as is supposed by some, in pulling up the horse, and leaning back, migRt have met the point of the sword. The poor man cried out, ** O f O !" and fell backwards, the horse then going on a few yards. Ma- jor Gordon ran and assisted in tak- ing him oflf from ihe horse, saying, '* for God s sake will any persoa run for medical assistance, and for a magistrate," as he wished to de- liver himself up. He then deli- vered himself up lo the Deputy of Ramsgate, saying he was fearful he had killed the man : he knew not what he should do, and had no idea how it could possibly have been done, for it was uninten- tional. The Coroner was in- stantly sent for, and a Jury sum- moned, who, after hearing a great mass of evidence, returned a ver- dict of Manslaughter against Major Gordon, who was last night com- mitted and sent to Sandwich, to take his trial at the next sessions in that town, on the 14th of April. The Major was afterwards tried for the murder of this man, of which he was acquitted ; but was brought in guilty of manslaughter, the jury being of opinion, that he had used the sword incautiously. 28. A gang of swindlers has been detected, which, perhaps, for deep-laid, and organised schemes of depredations, has but seldom been exceeded. For this purpose, it appears, chambers in Clemcnt*s- inn were hired, which one of the gang occupied, as an attorney, and another as his clerk, where there were papers and books, with writ- ing, going forward, like any other office for regular business; but since the discovery of the gang the papers have been seized, and prov0 to 'be for the purposes of fraud CHRONICLE. 37 fraud and the most abominable deception, such as plausible ad- vcrtiijementi in the public papers, to deceive the unguarded, and a variety ot' schemes on paper, for the purposes ot plunder. Many of the advertisements of cases of leal distress, ihey Iiad caused to be inserted, and thus obtained sub- scriptions to a very great extent, ihc respectability ut a supposed attorney's ollice, in an inn of court, enabling them to carry on tiielr de- predaticms without so^picion. One of iheir adverti^jements wr.s beaded ** Misery unparalleled j" it went on to state the case of a widow confined in child-bed, surrounded by a numerous offspring, and af- flicted with complicated niii>for- tancs. It then proceeds, in very pathetic language, to solicit a fur- ther bounty in addition to what she bad already received, and di* rccts the subscriptions to be paid at a house, very respectable in appearance, in IVIaddox-strect, Hanover-square, which belonged to the gang at the ofiice in Cle- ment'^-inn, and other places con- nected with them. To give the whole additional plausibility, they had the case handsomely printed on the best wove paper, and sent in great numbers to humane per- sons in the form of a letter, with a certificate, by a student in mid- wifery of one of the principal liospitals ; assigning as a reason for adopting that mode of address, its being cheaper than advertising. This impo:>ing address appears to have had the dcsirrd effect on a great number of those whose hearts and pockets are always open to the alHicted. The gang bad got possession of a numl)cr'of houses, c^ryiug on their acbcnie« of depredations, some of them in the most respectable neighbour- hoods in London. They contrifcd to hve rent-free in most of the houses which they occupied, bj means of one of them getting pos- session of a house by a false cha- racter, and gi\ ing it up to anotlier of the gang, whom the landlord had no claim upon. The disco- ' very of the gang was made by a youth lately from Glocestershirc, of the name of S. B. Shephqrd, who answered one of their plausi- ble adveriisements for a place for a young man. 30. An unfortunate actiopi lately took place through mistake^ U' ar Lisbon, between the Duke of Montrose packrt and the: Primrose sloop of war. By an extract frona the Duke of Montrose's log, it appears that the action commenced at half past seven p. m. and lasted, brundbide to broadside, within half- pistol shot, till a quarter before nine, when the Primrose attempted to carry the packet by boarding, but was gallantly resisted, and so much damaged, as to oblige her to haul off" at nine o'clock. The Primrose again came down, and recommenced the action, which was continued with the same un- abated spirit on both sides until ten minutes before ten, when the Primrose hailed, and asked, what ship it was ? The mistake was soon discovered. The loss ou board the packet is Lieutenant and Adjutant Andrews, of the 6o(h regiment (a passenger)^ and the master killed, and 10 men wound* ed. The loss on board the Prim« rose is her master and 4 mea killed, and 18 wounded. 31. According to an account laid before Farliameot, the number of Q9 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. of three shilling tokens issued by the Bank of Englandy from the loth of December, 1813, to March, 1814, was 3,008,983, and their amount in value 451,347/. gs, each token weighing gdwts. iigrs., the silver of dollar stand- ard. The number of eighteen - penny pieces issued in the same period was 1,510,440, the value 113,283/, ij. 6d. each weighing 4dwt9. I7|grs. of dollar standard. No dollars were issued in the same period. The Duchess of Oldenburg, and the Duke of Clarence, having landed from the Jason frigate at Sheerness on Tuesday afternoon, one of the Prince Regent's car- riages was dispatched yesterday morning for the purpose of con- veying her Imperial Highness to town. General I'urncr and Co- lonel Bloomiield also departed yesterday in order to receive the Duchess on the part of the Prince Regent. Her Imperial Highness was re- ceived on her landing at Sheer- ness, with all the honours due to her rank ; and on coming ashore she was waited upon by General Turner and Colonel Bloomfield, as representatives of the Prince Regent, and by the Rnssian Am- bassador and his Lady. This naorn- ing after breakfast, her Imperial Highness left Sheerness, where every mark of respect was shewn her by the inhabitants. On her arrival at Rochester, her Imperial Highness went into an ina to partake of some refreshment; and on her being informed that the inhabitants of that city would be extremely gratified by seeing her, she very condescendingly pre- sented hersrlf at a bow-window of the inn. The populace appeared to feel the condescension, which they acknowledged by every mark of respect. The Duchess is a very elegant woman, of the most af^ble and pleasing manners, and speaks English extremely well. On her arrival at the inn oa Shooter's-hill, four of the Prince Regent's fine bays were in readi- ness to put to her carriage, with postillions and outriders of the Prince's establishment, and the escort of a party of light horse. The whole entered London by Pari lament- street, at a quarter be- fore four o'clock, in the followirg order :-t* Two Light Horsemen. The Duke of Clarence's Travelling Chariot and Four, in which* were bis Royal Highness and Colonel Bloomfield. Two Light Horsemen, Two Footmen and an Outrider in the Royal Liveries. The Prince Regent's Carriage, drawn by Four Bays, in which was her Imperial Highness, accompanied by the Princess Volhowsky, Madame Aladensky, and the Countess Lieven. The Carriage was fol- lowed by a party of Light Horse. The 3d Carriage was another of the Prince Regent's, in which was the Prince Gagarin and General Turner. The Russian Ambassador's carriage^ with his Excellency in it. The procession proceeded the park, and up St. James's- tbfough tht Horse-guards, through street, (o the Pultcney bote). where CHRONICLE. 29 vhcre her Imperial Highness was received by sentinels placed at the door. She was handed oat of the carriage by the Duke of Clarence and Colonel Rloomfield, ygfbo conducted her to the apart- ments prepared for her. I he X)uke «f Clarence took his leavci and 'proceeded to Carlton-house, "where be had an interview with the Prince Regent, and afterwards returned to her Highness, to ex- press the Prince Regeni'a congra- tulations on her safe arrival in £n gland. APRIL. 2. A cause of considerable in- terest to travellers was tried at the Lancaster Assiz-s, in which Mr. G. H. Drummond, M. P. for the county of Kincardine, was plain- tiiFy and Michael Whitehead, land- lord of the Bull-inn, Preston, de- fendant. It appeared from the statement of Mr. Parke, that the plaintiff, his lady, and family, accompanied by two gentlemen, stopped at defendant's house, in Preston, on their way to Scotland, in July bst. Defendant had then no other horses at home but those which had brought plain tifTs two carriages from Chorley, and which were so much knocked up as to render it impossible for them to proceed. Plaint id was, in conse- quence, obliged to order horses from another Inn, which defend- ant thought proper to resist, say- ing, that he should not leave his house unless with his horses ; and oo being remonstrated with, pro- ceeded by force to carry his threat into effect, and by his outrageous conduct, and abusive language, collected a mob, and thus for se- veral hours, with force and vfo* lence, prevented the horses being put to ', and it was not till after repeated applications to the Mayor, nor till he had personally inter* posed his authority, that plaintiff was enabled to proceed. The case was satisfactorily proved by the gentlemen who were of the party, and the plaint ifl^'s servant. The defendant called no witnesses, but the Jury were addressed by Mr. Topping in mitigation of damages, on the ground of his being intoxi- cated at the time, and the heavy costs he would have to pay. The Jury deliberated a few minutes, and returned a verdict for the plaintiff — Damagfs 50/. II, 12, 13. The late intelU- gence from France, of the entry of the allied powers into Paris, and the abdication of Buonaparte was celebrated in the metropolis by a general and splendid illumination for three successive nights, in which the public joy at these de* cisive events was testified by every device that the taste and invention of the exhibitors could supply. Two sheriff's officers went to the house of Jacob Francis, at Banham, near Launceston, to levy an execution on his goods. On stating their business they were violently assaulted by Francis (who is an old man), his wife and &• mily, who,- being armed with sticks, knives, &c. compelled the officers to withdraw, after an ef^ fectual attempt to discharge their duty, in which they were both wounded. Having procured the assistance of some constables of Launceston, the officers again repaired to the house, where they found the door shut, and the family armed, and were tuld that whoever so ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814, whoever dared to enter should lose his Jife. They, Jiowever, forced an entrance, and having seized the old man, were about to disarm him, when a fowhni; piece was discharged at one of the consfa- bles, named Jory, and its contents having entered his side, he fell dead on the spot. Tlie wliole of the family were taken into custody. !Mr. Ware*s fox-hounds, having started a fox, near Rock-house, about six miles from Taumon, she soon after took to earth, and on being dug out, was secured alive, together with a litter of nine young foxes. We doubt whether Buch an extraordinary instance of fecundity was ever before known. The discovery is fortunate for the small Ibrmers on the adjacent moor, whose very extensive Hocks of geese might otherwise have been seriously injured by the noc- turnal depredations of this rapa- cious family. The dam is ex- ceedingly poor, and with all her cubs is alive, and in the posses- sion of Mr. Ware's huntsman. 15. At the late Somerset as- sizes, a cause of the greatest im- portance to sportsmen was tried, by which it was established, ihat DO person has a right to destroy dogs belonging to other persons, whether trespassing or not, and that cautionary boards are of no avail. The action was brought by Mr. Corner, against T. S. Champneys, esq. and his game- keeper, for shooting the plaintiff's greyhound, which was proved by several gentlemen to be a most valuable animal. It appeared that Mr. Champneys had ordered his servants to destroy all dogs found CO his premises ; and one wit- ness stated that the dog was forci« bly taken, tied to the stump of a tree, and iliere shot and buried. The defendant attempted ta jus- tify himself by st'Uing that he had cautionary boards put up, specify- ing, that all dogs found on his grounds would be shot. The learned judge animadverted se- verely on Mr. Champney's con- duct, and stated, that such notice would not justify the destruction of dogs. The Jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff — Damages 5c/. Nottingham. — On Sunday night last, about twelve o'clock, Mr.' OrgiFs patent lace manufactory, at Castle Donington, Leicester- shire, was forcibly entered by a band of desperadoes, supposed ten or twelve, and the entire machi- nery, consisting of twelve warp lare frames, reduced to a heap of ruins, with the exception of one, which received only a partial in- jury. The drpredators, not con- tent wiih committing havoc on the machinery, cut or burnt all the valuable cotton-yarn and lace-piecea within the premises. The dry timber materials they attempted to fire ; and had their scheme snc- cccded, the whole building might have presented one vast mass of flame. Mr. and Mrs. Orgil being roused from their sleep, the latter threw up a sash, and put her head out of the window to learn what the matter was^ but before a word was exchanged, one of the villains that stood sentry discharged a pistol or musket at her head» the contents of which she dis- tinctly felt pass by her. After the work of destruction was over, one of the wretches exclaimed, " Old Simon, before we leave you, I will have another peg at yea !" when CHRONICLE. 31 nrhen two pieces were immediately discharged, the heavy shot from which perforated the glass of the bed-room window in more than twenty places 5 but Mr. Orgil though in the room, received np personal injury. Several persons who worked with him some time ago^ and who left him in conse- quence of a dispute about prices, have been seiztd ; but whether any circumstance has come out which is likely to lead to a dis- covery, we arc ignorant. 16. On the 14th of April the ice of the river Duna broke up, but again congealed and stuck fast on the 1 6th. The consequence was^ that the water burst through the dykes, and caused damage in Riga to the amount of 30 millions of rubles. More than 80 vessels with htrmp were suuk^ and a great quantity of timber and roasts, besides 400 houbes de* ftroyed. 18. On the i5lh, a novel spec- tacle presented itself at Portsmouth in the arrival of the Polonaise French ship of the line, of 80 guns, with a French Rtar Ad- miral's flag and the Bourbon co- lours flying, bemg the first French ship of that description that ever anchored at Spit head not as a Srize. She was commanded by Lear-admiral Trouett, (orTroude), and broitght over a deputation, consisting of five French gentle- men, to Louis XVIII. from the principal authorities and inhabi- tants of Cherbourg, to* congratu- late him upon his happy restora- tion. A spirit of insirbordination has brgun to be again manifested in the neighbourhood of Notting- ham. Threatening letters ba?e been sent to some of the mo0l respectable hosiers : and Satur* day's Gazette offers, the Prince Regent's pardon, and a reward of 2GO guineas, for the discovery and apprehension of five or six persona disguised in flannel shirts, who> early in the morning of the 4th instant, broke into the shop of Mr. Morley, of Greasley, in the county of Nottingham, and de* stroyed several stocking frames with the work tlat was on them. 19. Thomas Bryan, of Bilstoo, in Staflbrdshire, a miner, after having been drinking the whole of the day, returned to nis house about eight o'clock, in company witl) a person named Nevett, his companion in the day's mer/imenti and his wife, Mary Bryan, who had been with them for a short time. They supped together } and the woman afterwards went out at the front door, leaving her husband and Nevett together. A few minutes after, Nevett went out for a short time, when Bryan immediately took up his hat, went out at the back door, and at length round the house to the front door apparently agitated with jealousy. His wife very soon followed him into the liouse : Bryan .said to her, '* Well, thee' art come, art ?'* at which she smiled, and replied, " Aye, lad, I am come." He then said, *' Aye, and I'll be with thee in a minute ;" upon which he quitted his seat, and taking from the chimney-piece a large carving knife, went towards bit wife, who met him, and a scuflfe ensued. Nevett interfered, and pulled him away, but too Iate| the blood flowed upon the floor. A surgeon was sent for, after whose arrival she gasped two n lined the road with tlteir equipages ; and perhaps not tlie least deligbtfttl and admirable part of the day's exhibition was to be fiMind anoong the spectators. The day Was fine, a sky almost without a cloud: wherever the eye ranged it fell on splendour and beauty, at- titudes and countenances of love* Hness and joy. From Albemarle- street to the Park was almost one of carriages, with females of Vol. LVL the first fashion standing on tliA seats. Every balcony and window in that stately range of buildings was full, waving with the Bourbon flag or wreathed with white. About one o'clock a troop of the Life Guards took their stand opposite the Pulteney Hotel, with the band of the regiment. This spot at» tracted an unusual concourse. About four miles from town, thd procession met the line of vehicles^ which preserved even so &r a near- ly unbroken continuity. The villal on each side were decorated, scaC^ foldings raised, and even the treel hung with the flag of the lilieju As it advanced, couriers wens dispatched to announce its ap^ proach. At half- past five it enter- ed the park by Cumberland Gatel On its opening out into PiccadiUv^ the whole view was- eminennj striking. From the ascent neart&e Green Park, the total pomp lay un^. dcr the eye 5 and the combinatloki D oT 34 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. of military splendoar^ stately move- ment^ and countless multitude, gave « conp-d'ceil of unrivalled richncsss, ioterest, and variety. A troop of gentlemen on horseback, with white cockades, led the way. The carriages followed, escorted by de- tachments of the Life Guards. A strong body of the 14th Light Dragoons and London Volunteer Horse brought up the rear. The ceremonial moved slowly on, im- peded by the eagerness of the mul- titude. When his Majesty entered Gril- lon*s Hotel in Albemarle-street, he had hold of the Prince's arm, who conducted hiin to the principal apartment preixired for the French Monarch, }fewr5 de lis being em- broidered in gold upon hangings of crimson velvet. In this superb room, the Earls of Buckingham- shire, Bathurst, and Liverpool, the Foreign Ambassadors, and about one hundred and fifty of the an- cient French Noblesse, were in attendance to receive his Majesty, who seeming much' fatigued, an arm chair was brought, in which his Majesty seated himself, the Duke of York on his left, his Royal Highness the Prince Regent and the Duchess D*Angouleme on his right, the Prince de Conde and the Due de Bourbon facing him, with all his suite surrounding him. The Marquis of Hertford and the Earl of Cholmondeley were behind the chair. The Prince Regent then ad- dressed his Majesty to the following ieffoct:— " Your Majesty will permit me to offer you my heastiest congra- tulations upon that great event which has always been amongst the warmest of my wishes^ and which must eminently contribute happiness not only of youi jesty*8 people, but to the repoi happiness of all other natioi am sure I may add, that m] sentiments and feelings are 11 son with those of the unl British nation, and that the tri and transport with which yoc jesty will be received in you capital, can scarcely exceed t and satisfaction which your 1 ty's restoration to the thr< your ancestors has created i capital of the British empire HIS majesty's reply " Your Royal Highness ^ cept my most sincere and g thanks for your Royal Higl congratulations — for the inv, kindness with which 1 hav< treated by your Royal Hi and by every member of you trious House. It is to your Highnesses Councils, to tbl Country, and to the consta its people, that I shall always 2 under Providence, the rest of our House to the Throne ancestors, and that state of which promises to heal the w to calm the passions, and to the peace, tranquillity, anc perity of all nations." His Majesty then, assis the Prince de Cotide, and th( de Bourbon, taking the ribl the Order of Sahtt Esprit f\ own shoulder, and the starfi breast, invested the Prince ^ declaring his happiness, should be upon his Royal H he should first have the hoi conferring that ancient ordei his restoration. His Royal Highness soo took leave. 22. The Right Honoura CHRONICLE. 35 Lord Mayor, (he Alderm<»n, Re- cxirder, SberifTs, City Officers, and Common Council of the city of London, waited upon his Ma- jesty Louis XVIIL King of France, at Grillon*s Hotel, in Albemarle- street, with an Address, which was read by John Silvester, Esq. the Recorder. 23. This morning, about eight o'clock, his most Christian Ma- jesty, the Duchess of Angoulerae, the Prince de Conde, and the Duke de Bourbon, left London to embark at Dover for France. An immense concourse of people had assembled in Albemarle-street at an early hour. The escort of horse- guards took their station opposite Grillon*s Hotel soon after six. About seven the Prince of Conde and the Duke of Bourbon arrived : in a short time Bfter wards they were joined by the Duke of Sussex, who came on horseback, and wore his full dress Highland uniform. The Duke of Kent followed. Both their Royal Highnesses received the ^tfectionate greetings of those assembled. Between seven and eight o'clock it was announced that the Duchess of Angouleme was approaching, to pay her dutiful reverence to her Sovereign and uncle, before his departure, her Royal Highness going from her house in South Audlcy-strcet. Immediately every bead was uncovered, and every voice was exerted to announce the ealeem and respect generally felt for the amiable daughter of Louis XVI. Her Royal Highness re- mained with her uncle about a quarter of an hour, and on her Teturn was handed to her carriage by the Duke of Kent. She seemed Bnch affected, bowedseveral times. and repeatedly pronounced t he M^ord " ailieu" to those about her. About eight o'clock his Majesty descended from his apartments; and as soon as the populace perceived him, they saluted him with three hearty cheers. His Majesty re- turned this compliment by repeat- edly bowing. He appeared in the highest spirits. The Duke de Do- ras accompanied him. When the carriage drove off, he was again cheered, and the populace exclainv- ed — God hUss your Majesty^^a happy return to your native country. He bowed on each side several times. His Majesty proceeded down St. James's-street, Pall raall, and Parliament-street, over Weal- mi nster-bridge. The Dukes of Sussex and Kent rode by the side of the carriage, and conversed with the King. The Prince of Conde and the Duke de Bourbon followed. The royal car* riages were preceded and followed by an escort of cavalry. The Prince Regent, accompa- nied by Lord Yarmouth and Co- lonel Bloomtield, quitted CarletOD* house at six o'clock the same mom* ing, and proceeded to Dover, to be in readiness to receive his Majeaty, and to remain with him tiU his final departure from this country. Upon the arrival of his Majeaty in Kent, he was met by the Mar- quis Camden, Lord Lieutenant of the county, attended by detach- ments of the Kentish Yeomanry, by whom his Majesty was escorted to Dover. The whole road waa lined with spectators. The towns through which he passed were de- corated with white banners and flags, the bells were set ringing, guns were fired, and in fact cwry possible demonstration of respect D 2 and 36 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. and ailiection was exhibited on Uiis novel but happy occasion. 24. Dover, — At one o'clock this afternoon the Boyal Sovereign yacht sailed from our pier hcad^ bavtng on board his Majesty Louis XVIII. ; and at four o'clock she was seen at anchor in Calais roads. The departure of his Majesty from the hospitable shores of England, and his return to the throne of his ancestors, took place in presence of one of ihe most numerous and deligh;ted assemblages that a happy concurrence of evenls could bring together. The pier and the whole of the shore were also lined with troops, who had been a CHRONICLE. 37 10, when the King of France en- tered the harbour. The quays, on both sides, were lined with spec- tators of the roost respectable ap- pearance. Happiness at the pros- pect of a mild and legitimate go- vernment, and joy at the return of peace, obliterated for the moment alLsensatioos of past tyriinny and oppression. ** Ptvp U RoiT re- sounded from ail sides, and was succeeded by *' Vivcnt les Bour- ^nsr " rtve Louis XVIII I' ** Fivaii les Anglqis ! * The fine- ness of the weather, added to the superb appearance of the royal yacht, contributed much to the splendour of the scene. MAY. a. Bristol, it appean, is the first of the out-ports which has availed itself of tlie late alteration in regard to the East India trade. Two fine vessels sailed from thence for the East Indies last week. 4« Between 12 and i o^clock, two old houses in Lombard -street, Mint, in the Borough, fell down with a tremendous crash. Four persons were killed by this ter- rible accident— two ^men, a boy, and a girl. These unfortunate creatures were literally bruised to mummies, and were with great difiiculty got out of the rubbish -, three others were much hurt, and taken to the hospital. The liouse bad not been repaired ft)r a con- siderable time, and like many others in the Mint were moulder- ing with age. 1 2 . I-^tters received from Not- tingham represent that the nefa- rious practice of frame-breaking continued to prevail there, to the great annoyance and alarm of the town and neighboorhood. On Sunday evening, about ten o*clockt two men entered the house of — Bullock, who lives in a court at Bellagate, wiih the familiar question of '* how do you do?" and then proceeded up stairs and broke four frames, whilst the door was guarded by eight or ten of their accomplices. A constable who lived next door, hearing a noiae, and supposing them thieves^ repaired to the spot, when one of the villains presented a pistol at him, and threatened to blow out his brains if he interfered. Tba constable retired, and the banditti dispersed without the least disn covery having been made as to their persons. One of the letters afifords some insight into the system of combi^ nation and terror pursued by these misguided men. They have formed themselves into clubs and com- mittees, who assemble in the dif- ferent villages, and take upon them the apportioning of the dif- ferent sorts of work to be done by the manufacturers, and the regu- lation of the prices which the men are to be paid. If their demands are not complied with, the manu- facturer is placed in alarm for his property, and those of the mei^ who strike are supported by sub* scriptions to a general fund, for which also they issue their requiv sitions. It is supposed, that the frames of the person mentioned above were destroyed, merely be- cause he refused to subscribe to this fund. These villains have now become so bold, that thejr hold committees at all times of the day, and issue such orders aa they wish to have executed at night, 38 ANNUAL REGISTER, 18U. litgfaft. If it is the pleasare of the appearance at Damietta, which the iXMUmittec that any set of men Basliaw has caused to be tar- shall leave their employ, the order rounded by a cordon of troops.*' is given, and the mandate is 16. A nefarious adulteration of obeyed. The want or low price flour was recently detected at of work cannqt be assigned as a Truro. 1 wo millers near that palliation of these excesses, since place, of the names of John Rowe the prices on the making have ad- and Henry Rundle, were proved vanced from 10 to 30 per cent, to have mixed a kind of pulverised within the last six months. The clay used in the manufacture of system of terror and combination earthenware, with their flour, to pursued, is of a nature to prevent such an extent that two quarts of the detection and conviction of their adulterated flour weighed as the oflenders, as in the case of much as three of that which was ordinar)' crimes. pure. Flour is sold by weiglit at 14. A mail arrived from Malta, Truro. The magistrates lamented and the letters by it confirm a re- that the law enabled them only to port, previously in circulation, of fine the offenders 10/. each. Forty there-appearance of the plague in sacks of this abominable compo- the isle of Gozo. The following sition were also discovered at Ply- extract of a lettei-, dated March mouth, on board a vessel from 36, gives some details on this sub- Truro ; but the ownership not ject :— 7" A man, a native of being clearly established, no cdn- Cormi, in Malta, at the com- viction could take place, mencement of the plague in that 19. The Exchange of Ham* casal, or village, buried a box in burgh, after being so long closed, the ground, at some distance from wasre-opencd to the inexpressible the casal, containing clothes and joy of the inhabitants. Though .other articles. After he had finished the merchants must have suffered his quarantine, about the end of excessively from French opprei- February, he dug up the box, and. sion, and especially from the ra- carried it to Gozo, where his pacity of Davoust, yet the restora* daughter resided with her hus- tion of this emporium of foreign band. The roan died rather sud- commerce mast have a very bene- denly, without any appearance of ficial effect on the trade and ma- plague, or suspicion. A few days nufactures of this country. The afterwards his daughter died also, Hamburgh Correspondenten, sup- and an alarm was spread. The pressed during the French regime, intercourse between the two islands has also been revived, was instantly interdicted y the civil 20. The Emperor of Russia and government was superseded by the King of Prussia often enter the military — a cordon was drawn the Theatre or Opera, at Paris, round the casal — every precaution arm in arm, without a single at- taken to prevent its spreading, and tendant. They pass together or hitherto the infection is confined alone froiia one box to another, to that casal. Up to the 23d, the during the evening, as they dis- deaths were ^2^ and the attacks cover company, which they are 47. The plague has also made its desirous of joining. Sometimes the CHRONICLE. 3» the Archduke Constant ine accdm- paoies his brother, or some geae- ral officer; and^ in like manner^ the king of Prussia is at times joined by some one or other of the Prussian Princes. Both these So- vereigns pass from tlieir seats in the theatres without any attend- ants or retinue ; on the threshold of the theatre, an officer or two may chance to wait to shew them to their respective carriages. On the 1 6th, the Emperor of Austria visited the catacombs at Paris. These are immense exca- vations^ in which the bones with which the church -yards of the capital were overcharged have been deposited, piled in various forms, appropriate to the religious awe that the mortal remains of a hundred generations should in- spire. The Emperor of Austria is the first Sovereign that ever visited them. The Emperor of Austria never goes to public places at Paris but in great state. He is attended by bis great officers and a guard, which keep their place during the whole performance at the back of the imperial box, suffering none to come near it. As he ap- proaches to his box, and retires from it, he is preceded by several branches of lights, before which the crowd are tbrced to yield way. In his person he is of the medium size, rather spare and thin, and his features small. 21 . Cows, sheep, pigs, and poul- try, to a considerable extertt, were imported last week at Portsmouth from France, and produced there a reduction in the price of meat, although not in the same propor- tion as in other places in tbot part of the country. At Southampton, pork was sold at firom 6d. to 8cL p«-r pound ; fowls, butter, aim ^gp* were at equally reducea prices. At Weymouth, pork fronj Cherbourg was sold at from 4d, to 6id. per pound. 22. An official return of the number of regimental officers of the regular army, printed by order of the House of Commons, stat^ them at. Field- Marshals receiving full-pay, 5, ~ Generals rcceivinj full-pay, 4 ; ditto, half-pay, 7j total, 8i. — Lieutenant-Generals^ full-pay, 1133 half-pay, 44 ; total, 157. — Major-Generals, full-paj^ 152; half-pay, 69; total, 221. — Colonels, full pay, 11 ij half-pay^ 41 J total, 152. — Lieutenant-Cor lonels, full-pay, 518; half-pav, 100 i total, 618. — Majors, fbu- Pay» 572; half-pay, 405 total, 612. — Captains, full-pay, 2,504; half-pay, 456 ; total, 2,960.— Lieutenants, full-pay, 3,909 ; hal^- pay, 8165 total, 4,725.— Cornets, full-pay, 224; half-pay, 66} total, 290. Ensigns, full-pay, 1920 1 half-pay, 3783 total, 2,298. 28. An engraver at Somer's- town, niamed Wilkins, died a few days since, in consequence of hav- ing fractured his skull in the foU lowing manner : He was drink- ing tea, and, according to his usual practice when seated, was balancing himself upon the hinder feet of the chair, when he lost his equilibrium, fell backward, and struck his head against a marble slab ; he was taken up in a state of insensibility, and survived only four days. 30. A transaction, peculiar!/ lamentable, took place at Sher- cock, in the county of Cavao, and was stated to the public in the Dublin Journal, and the Ffe6- man's 40 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. man's Jonmal^ after the following nianoer : — : " At the fair of Shercock, in the county of Cavan, several tri-^ fling diisputes took place between the Protestants and Papists ; but, at six in the evening, the matter became more serioLt, and there was a general cry, as usual, of five pounds for an Orangeman ; a few of whom b<-itig recognised, were severely beaten, and with difficulty made their escape into the house of one Carrol, where an Orange Lodge is held r the doors and win- dows were assailed with stones, but the Popish mob did pot sucr ceed in getting in. They then paraded the street in great force, and sent a- message to Lieutenant Wimp, who resides in the town, to give up the arms and ammuni- tion which he had ; but he de- clined doing so, and they attacked his house most furiously, breaking the windows, and attempting to force the doors. Fortunately for him he prevailed on some of his Yeomanry to remain in his house from the early part of the day, as well to protect himself from at- tack, as to keep them from the consequences of rioting: and, at the moment the mob were just forcing open the door, they fired one volley of blank cartridge, but tins seemed to irritate the rioters the more ; and they attacked with redoubled fury; when the yeo- manry driven to extremity, were obliged, in defence of their lives, to fire ball cartridge. Unfortu- nately 13 of these deluded wretches fell victims to their folly, and a vast number of then?, between 40 and 50, have been wounded.** pu^iin Journal. y We have seen a letter from the county Cavan, which intirnatti the horrible and melancholy fact, of 24 men and 3 women having been massacred, in an ( >range affray that occurred at Sbercock, on Monday last t" Freeman's JoumaL On the loth of May, at two p. m. a singular phenomenon took place in the province of Tschcr- nomorsk, near Aliemrjuk, oppo^ site to the Salt Marshes, in the sea of Asoff. The weather was calm and serene, when a tremendous noise was heard issuing from the sea, at the distance of about 200 fathoms from the shore, and the bottom of the sea was seen to rise above the surface of the water. Flames, accompanied with a sound like thedi.scharge of cannon, burst firom it, and large masses of earth and stones were projected into the air. The first ten eruptions, which followed within a quarter of an hoiu* of one another, were the most violent ; the succeeding ones were more distant and weaker. This phenomenon continued till after night. A smell of a peculiar kind, but not resembling sulphur, was difiused to the distance of lo wersts. The noise was beard at the like distance ; and a subter- raneous motion, attended with a hollow rumbling, was also per- ceived. Hereupon an island ap- peared at the above-mentioned spot, with several springs, which threw up a fiuid mud which gra- dually becanie dry. On the 2oth, people began tou examine the island. It seemed to be inaccessible, as it was com- pletely surrounded to the distance of five fathoms by a slimy mud; and it was only in one place that they succeeded in readking the middle of it. Its lengthy from CHRONICLE, 4t ^lrest to east, including the mud oo the border^ is 70 arschincs $ flod the height, above the surface of the water, one fathom and an half. The whole surface of the island is covered with a whitish stonj substance. A letter of the 28th of May, from Botany Bay, states, that three of the settlers had passed the Blue Mountains, forming the boundary of the west and north, and had discovered a fertile tract of coun- try, of great extent, through the whole length of which a fine river runs. A settlement was about to be formed in the territory thus discovered, and the Governor had allotted a thousand acres to each of the individuals who first ven- tuird to pass the mountains. It is added, that there had prevailed a continued drought, with scarcely two hours of rain, for nearly ten months : 5,000 sheep, and 3,000 homed cattle, were starved, 31. An account has.been receiv- ed from Jamaica, of the origin of the 'duel which led to the death of Capt. Stackpole, of the Siaiira. The cir- cumstances were as follow : — So long as four years ago a naval officer inquired of Lieut. Cecil if he knew Captain Stack pole. Lieutenant Cecil replied he did, and had the best opinion of him as a brave officer, adding at the same time that he believed him capable of thrawing occasionally a long bow. Tbti answer was publicly talked of in the gun-room of the Statira, and at length reached the ears of Captain Stack pole, who having ascertained that the words were spoken, declared that he would call Lieutenant Cecil to an account when and wherever he met him. It waa io far fortunate that they I|j4 OQiiQie^ (ok four ]rea^} bq( the opportunity at last ofkreit; when the Statira was l3ring in the harbour of Port Ro)ral, and the Argo, of which Cecil was senior Lieutenant, happened to enter that port. Captain S. immediately sent a message to Lieutenant Cecily purporting that he must eithet meet him, or make a suitable apo« logy for the slanderous words be had used. Lieutenant Cecil, in reply, said, that four years having elapsed since the words were spoken which he was charged with having uttered, it was impossible for him to recollect how far they were correct or notj but as a brother officer and a man of hor nour had quoted his words, be could not act otherwise than avow them. As to an apology, he wished Captain Stackpole to un* derstnnd, that under all the cir- cumstances he should have had no objection to apologixe to any other officer in his Majesty's navy, but to him it was impossible; the Captain of the Statira being re-? puted throughout the navy as 4 good shot, and had l>een the friend and companion of Lord Camel* ford. The consequence was a meeting between the parties on the 23d of April; the result of which was, the loss to his MajestyV naval service of a brave and me- ritorious officer. The challenge of Captain Stackpole, to fight the Statira against the American firi- gate the Macedonian, had endeared him to the crew, and not a man could refrain fro.n:! tears on learn- ing hi« fate. JUNE. 3 . The fiMieral of the Emprest Josephine wa* Qclebrated at the churct^ 42 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. church of Ruel, the parish ia which the palace of Malmaison is ntuated. It was atteoded -by a numher of persons of distinction, aaiong whom were the Prince of Mecklenburg, General Sacken, many Marshals of France, Sena- tors, and General Officers, both French and foreigners, the two grand-children of the deceased Princess, a great number of Ec- clesiastics from the neighbouring Sarlshes, Prefects, Sub- Prefects, iayors, &c. The funeral cere- mony was performed by M. Baral, Archbishop of Tours, first almoner to the deceased, assisted by the Bishops of Versailles and Evreux. The body was deposited in a vault recently made under the nave of the church, in which, it is said, a monument will be erected. More than 8,000 inhabitants of the en- virons assembled to pay the last tribute to the memory of a Prin- cess, who so richly deserved the appellation of the Mother of the Poor and Distressed. The late Empress Josephine was born in Martinique, 9th June, 1763. Her name was Tacher de la Pagerie. She came to France, where she married Count de Beau- hamois, member of the Consti- tuent Assembly, Marshal de Camp of the Army of the King, Minis- ter of War, and who perished on the scaffold in 1793- Madame de Beauharnois was a long time in prison. In 1797 she married Buonaparte. 4. By a letter from Smyrna, of the 4th of June, we learn, that the plague, which had committed the most frightful ravages there, had put an end to all commerce. The deaths were about 5000 daily. Up to that period about ao^ooo Turks and 10,000 Greeksj Armenians, Jews, &c. had fidlea sacrifices to the plague. The port was almost completely empty of shipping ', and Smyrna, which lately contained 180,000 inbabi* tants, seemed now a desert. 4. Dublin. — Yesterday tho Lord Lieutenant, with the advice of the Privy Council, issued a pro- clamation, declaring the Catholie Board contrary to law. The pro- clamation states, that though the law had not hitherto been en-« forced against that assembly, from the hope that those who had been misled would become sensible oi their error, and their meetings be discontinued without the necessity of legal interposition ; yet the Lord Lieutenant being now sa« tisfied that the farther continuance of the assembly could only tend to serve the ends of factious and se- ditious persons, gives notice, that if it shall again meet, the said as- sembly and all persons acting aa members thereof, will be pro- ceeded against according to law. 8. Arrival of their Majestus the Emperor of Russia and King of Prussia, — ^Their Majesties sailed from Boulogne in the Impregna- ble about one o'clock at noon, on the 6tli, under a grand dis- charge of artillery. As soon as the fleet was in sight, hfs Majesty's ship. Monarch, off Deal, hoisted the royal standard, and various other flags, and fired a royal salute# The fleet consisted of the Impreg- nable, with his Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence, the Jason frigate, the Royal Sovereign and Royal Charlotte yachts, and seve- ral other vessels. I'he wind was very brisk, but their entry into the roads was delayed for some time till the rising of the tide. The landing at Dovf r was easily eflfect^^ ed CHRONICLE. 4S ed at half past six. The gum of tbe Impregnable and the other ihip* of war fired a salute af the moment when tbe sovereigns left tbe ship, which ihey repented on the landing, and wb'ch was an- swered by a full disharge of artil- lery from the batteries on shore, and bj the joyful testimonials of thou- sands of the British people, whose acclamations rent the air. Tbe C9U^ d' ceuil of the spectacle was magnificent ; tbe sailors, who were all dressed in new bluejackets and white trowsers, manned the yards of the vessels, and joined in tbe plaudits of the multitudes on shore, by their hearty cheerings. Tbe chief persons among those who landed with the Emperor Alexander, and the King of Prus- sia, were the Prince Royal of Frossia, Prince William, theKing*s tecond son, Prince William, the King's brother. Prince Frederick, nephew to the King, Prince Au- gustus, bis Majesty's cousin. Mar- shal Biucber, Baron Humbolt, tbe King's Chamberlain, Count Hardenberg, Count Nesselrode, Baron Anstet^ Prince Adam Garl- driske. General Czernicheff, Dr. Wylie, physician to the Emperor of Russia, Sir Charles Stewart, Colonel Cooke, Capt. Wood, &c. Their Majesties were received OD shore by Ix)rd Yarmouth, Lord Charles Bentinck, and the Earl of Roislyn, and were escorted by a detachment of the Scots Greys to the boose of Mr. Fector, under a discharge of cannon. Tbe guard of honour appointed to attend tbeu' Majesties consisted of the 43d regiment of foot and the Scots Greys. The whole of the garrison were under arms ; con>poscd of a Terj strong brigade of axlWlcvy, of three troops of tbe Scotch Greyi, tbe 43d, 51st, 52d, and 95th regi- ments of the line, and the Galwajr militia. The royal equipages, te« were brought over in a transport vessel. The Duke of Clarence had provided a splendid entertainment^, of which most of tbe royal and illustrious persons partook with much cheerfulness. Their MajeiN/ ties retired to rest between ten and eleven. The Emperor slept at M^, Pectoris J the King and other PriiH ces at tbe York Hotel j Lord Yar- mouth, with all the general offi* cers, &c. at the Ship Hotel. Nine o'clock yesterday momiiig was the time fixtd on by their IVbjesties, for proceeding from Do- ver to the c.ipital. The first car- ? iages of the royal suites approached London at nearly two o'clock | there were three or four of tbem filled with Rivisian or Prussian per« sons of distinction ', some with four, others with six horses. Seve« ral followed at intervals for some hours afterwards ; one of which contained the Prussian Princes. At three, tbe expectant multitude be* came quite impatient, when intel* ligence arrived at Shooter's-bill, that at Welling, where the caval* cade changed horses. Sir Cbarlei Stewart had said, that their Ma- jesties had gone up to town two hours before in a private manner. This could not be credited, as avant couriers and detachments of dragoons were yet seen on the road, and the Prince Regent's ier« vants and horses were kept wait- ing as a relay on Sbooler's-hiU. Marshal Biucber left Welling t^ the lower road. Tbe unexpected news, however, was soon found to be true ; the fact was, that the Emperor had entered Londoii about 44 ANNUAL REGISTEIl, 1814. about half past two. He came up the road immediately after a po^t- chaite, in which were Lord Yar- moQth, and Lord C. Bentinck. His Imperial Majesty was in the carriage and four of Count Lieven, the Russian Ambassador, without a single attendant : from the ar- morial bearings it was supposed to convey some foreign nobuity. When the Emperor arrived at the Polteney Hotel he alighted, en- tered the house, and passed through the lower apartments without being recognised. He ascended the hrst flight of stairs, when the Prince Gagarin announced his ar- rival. At the same instant his sister, the Grand Duchess, met him on the stairs. They saluted each other in the most affectionate man- ner. The Emperor afterwards embraced the interesting child Prince Alexander. The tidings of the Emperor's arrival I'esounded not only throughout the house, but in the street, where an im- mense concourse of people expres- sed their joy, by huzzas and *' Long live the Emperor," &c. &c. His Imperial Majesty appeared shortly afterwards at the balcony, and bowed in the most conde- scending manner, which he conti- nued to do occasionally, till elevrn o'clock at night, the people shout- ing their applause. Lord Morton, the Queen's Chamberlain, waited upon the Emperor, in the nanie of the Queen, to express her congra- tulations on his arrival in England. At half past four o'clocK, the Em- peror went in Count Lieven's car- riage^ accompanied by his Excel- lency, to see the Prince Regent, at Carlton House j but he went so privatoiy, that the escort of horse, ^ho were appointed to attend him, missed him j but they escort- ed him back to the Pultney Hotel. He was received in a very prirate manner by the Prince Regent, who gave his Majesty a most hearty welcome. Pultney Hotel had been fitted up in a magnificent style, particularly the principal apart^as put up for bis Impe- rial Majesty. The Grand Duchess and the Emperor dined together without any companion. The Prince Regent, to shew dne attention to the Emperor, prepared- a residence for him at St. James's, in the house of the Duke of Cum- berland, which was newly fitted up for the occasion. Yesterda/ the Lord Chamberlain, the Lord Steward, the Duke of Montrose, and Colonel Thornton, were in at- tendance during the whole of the day, till seven o'clock, full dressed, in expectation of the Emperor's coming there to take up his resi- dence. A guard of honour, with two bands in their state uniforms, attended in the court-yard, oppo- site the house, during the day. The King of Prussia, his sons, their numerous suites, came also in a very private manner, and arriv- ed at Clarence- house, St. James's, about three o'clock. A party of the Yeomen of the Guard, Royal Servants and attendants, as at Cumberland-house, were in readi- ness to receive him. A few mi- nutes before four, his Majesty, at- tended by an Aid-de-camp, went to Carlton- house. The Prince Re- gent received him in the samo manner as the Emperor of Russia. He remained with the Prince about half an hour. His Majesty recetv-r ed visits from the Prince of Orange, thct CHRONICLE. U the IVince of Oldenburg, and a number of others. His Majesty visiled the Duke and Duchess of York, whose house is just oppo- site. At six o*c!ock Marshal Blucher arrived in St. James's Park by the Horse Guards, in the Prince Rc- geot*« open carriage, escorted by a party of light horse. Three troops of the Queen's bays were drawn up on the parade. Hie moment he observed them, he arose and pulled off bis hat, steadfastly look- ing at them, and remained in this position until he had passed the whole. His countenance is most manly and expressive, bearing the cfiects of the severities he has en- countered i the roustachios on his upper lip are exceedingly promi- nent. The drivers, as directed, made first for Carlton-house. No sooner were the stable gates open- ed, than there was a general rush in of the horsemen and the public at large. All restraint upon them' was in vain 3 the two sentinels at the g3teS| with their muskets, were laid on the ground, the porter was completely overpowered, and it was with the greatest difficulty that he could get the gates shut. The multitude proceeded up the yard of Carlton-house with the Gene- fal's carriage, hhouting the praises of Blucher. The carriage stopped at the side door, but he did not enter Carlton-house that way : on his arrival being notified, Colonels Bloomfield and Congrevc came out, dressed in full regimentals, received the General uncovered, and in that state conducted him to the principal entrance of Carlton House. The crowd assembled in Pall-naall now lost all respect for the deconiiD of the place; they lostMitly icajed the walls and lodges in great numbers : their ffin« petuous zeal upon this occasioa was indulged, and the great doorl of the hall were thrown open to them, and some of the horsem^ had nearly entered the hall. After the first interview of the Gene- ral with the Prince, an interesting scene took place. The Prince Re* gent returned with the gallant Blu* cher from his private apartment^ and In the centre of the grand hall, surrounded by the people^ placed a blue ribbon on his shoulder^ fastening it with his own handj to which was bung a beautiful medal* lion, with a likeness of the Prince^ richly set with diamonds. Mar* shal Blucher knelt while the Prince was conferring this honour; and on his rising kissed the Prince's hand. The Prince and the Gene^ ral bowed to the public, whose ac- clamations in return exceeded do- script ion. Illuminations, more splendid*! perhaps, than were ever before witnessed in this metropolis, took place on this and the two following evenings. Some of the public offi* ces, in partiailar, exhibited a com- bination of taste and brilliancy not less novel than striking. 9. This morning, the nianu* factory of Messrs. Bowring and Co. at Hampton, caught fire, when property to the amount of 4,000/* was consumed, exclusive of the dwelling- house and stables, which were also totally destroyed, toge* ther with four cows 3 and to add to the catastrophe, Mr. and Mrs. B. lost their lives in attempting to escape -, part of their remains were dug from the ruins the next day. Court at Carlton-hous*. At half-past one o'clock the guard of honGfur marched into the Court-yard, with the Coldstream 46 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. jMitid, in state" uniform, playing martial airs. All the Royal Dukes and the Duchess of York came in state, and were received with military honours. The Duke of ■Richmond and Marquis Wellesley also came in state. There were also present— The Prince of Oranie, the Prince of Mecklenburg, Marshal Blucher, Marshal Lord Bereiford, Lord Hill, General d*Yorck, and t numerous assemblage of Foreign and firitisb Officers, together with ithe British Cabinet Ministers, ^Officers of State, and the Royal Household, the Lord Mayor and the Corporation of London, the Bheriffs, &c. &c. At half past two the shouts of the populace announced the ar- rival of the King of Prussia and -his family. Lord Charles Bentinck, his Chamberlain, &c. in state. His Majesty was dressed in his own regimentals ; he wore his hair very short, and without pow- der ; the band played <^ God save the King." His Majesty bowed repeatedly. At a quarter past three, the Emperor of Russia arrived in state, in the Regent's carriage, escorted •by a party of the Bays, and was received with military honours. Hiii Majesty was dressed in an English uniform, and wore the •Order of^ the Garter. He was met at the door of Carl ton -bouse by tjie Prince Regent, in regimentals of blue and gold. His Royal Highness conducted the Emperor to his closet, where they held a txmfercnce for some time, and were dressed in the robes of the Garter. A procession was formed from thecloaet to the Cliapter-room, con- sisting of the foUowiof Knights: —The Dukes of York, Kent^ Sussex, Cambridge, and Glpces- tcr. Earl of Chatham, the M:ir- quis of Salisbury, Earl of West- morland, Earl Spencer, the Mar^ quis Camden, the Duke of Rut- land, the Earl of Hardwicke, the Duke of Beaufort, the Barls of Pembroke and Winchrlsen, the Marquisses of Stafford and Hert- ' ford, the Earl of (x>nsdale, the Marquis Wcllrsley, the Dukes of Richmond, Montrose, and New- castle, followed by the Bishop of Winchester, Prelate, the Bishop of Salisbury, Chancellor, t\\e Dean of Windsor, Register, and Garter at Arms and Black Rod. Then walked the Prince Regent, having on his right the Emperor of Rus- sia in the mantle and collar. The Prince Regent's train was held by Sir William Keppel, Groom in waiting. The Emperor of Rus- sians train was held by the Earl of Yarmouth. The Prince Regent took his seat on the Throne 3 having on his right, a chair of State, in which his Imperial Majesty was placed, and a vacant chair on his left for the King of Prussia. The Chancellor then, by his Royal Highnesses command, read a new statute, whereby, after com- plimenting the King of Prussia upon the heroism, military skill, and personal intrepidity which had created the just admiration of all Germany during the late contest, now auspiciously terminated in the blessing of Peace, his Majesty was declared elected a Knight of the Garter. His Majesty was- then introduced to the Chapter, be- tween the Dukes of York and Kent, and was invested with the insignia of the Order. His Ma- jetty then zeoeived the' accolade from CHRONICLE. 47 from the Prince Regent, and af- terwards from all the Royal Koigbts and others, and was seated in a Chair of State. The Chan- cellor then read a Statute, whereby the resolution of the Prince Re- gent, in the name of the Sove- reign was expressed to comme- morate within the order the present brilliant epocha in the oistory of nations, when through the providential and signal inter- position of the Almighty Disposer of events, the deliverance of th€ Continent of Europe from a sys- tem inimical to the repose of mankind had been gloriously ef- fected; and his Royal Highness, considering how eminently this bappy state of affairs had been promoted by the Emperor of Aus- tria in the powerful co-operation of his arms towards the common cause, and until its final triumph, bad thought fit to dispense with certain Statutes of the Order, and to declare His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty a Knight of the tame. Another Statute was then read, wherein, after many high enco- niums on the distinguished merits and services of the Earl of Liver- pool and Viscount Castlercagh, it was declared that they should also be added to the number of Knights of the Order. Their Lordships were then se- verally introduced between the two junior Knights, the Dukes of Montrose and 5kwcast1e. and re- ceived the honour of Knighthood, and were afterwards invested with the usual ceremonies. A statute was then read, de- ciariag that no further election of any subjects not being of the Blood Royal into the Qrder shall take place, until the vacaticy of a stall of a Knight subject Dot dt the Blood Royal shall have hap- pened subsequently to the redacv tion of the number of Knights subjects not of the Blood Royal td the original number of twenty* five Knights Companions, in- cluding the Prince of Wales, who is a constituent part of the Insti* tution. The Knights were then called over, and the procession t^ turned in the usual order. II. The shoals of herrings were never known to be so nume* rous as they are at present on tbi Cumberland coast; they have, this week, even come so far up the water as Rockliff and Sandsfield, only four miles fromCarlisle (a cir* cumstance unprecedented), where they have been taken by thousands in the creeks. They have been sold in our market at from 15 to 30 for is. Upon the coast the ' average price is 4s. 6d. per hnn^ dred. 14. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, and the Prince Regent, accompanied by a number of persons of distinction, paid a visit to the University of Oxford. They were received, on their entrance, in grand ceremony by all the authorities, academic and civic, of the place ; and in the evening a sumptuous banquet was given to the illustrious guests in the Radcliff Library, a place never before applied to such a purpose, but excellently adapted to it. A general illumination took place at night ; and, on the following day, the royal and noble party were re- ceived at the theatre, where every preparation had been made to ren- der the scene august and striking^ Degrees were then conferred upon the emperor and king, and s6m(i of their illustrioutf attendants, 6»t * 48 ANNUAL REGISTER, 18l4. of whom was the veteran Blacher -, after which, the public orator de- livered a Latin speech on the occa- sion; and recitations followed, of English, Latin, and Greek verses. The emperor and king then went to the town hall, where they re- ceived the freedom of the city; after which they left Oxford for Woodstock and Blenheim. 15. About three o'clock this morning, the metropolis was vi- sited 1?7 a violent thunder-storm. The horizon was completely il- lumined by the lightning, and the rain descended in torrents. The tempest raged about three quarters of an hour, when it subsided ; but the clouds, charged with electric fiuid, again accumulated in the south, and poured forth another storm, which lasted from half past four to about five o'clock. The direction of the cloudii was from the west, south-west, and south, towards the east, and the light- ning was as vivid and expansive as we ever witnessed. The heat of the preceding afternoon had bren extraordinary About five o'clock the thermometer was as high as 85 in tlie shade. This night, between the hours of nine and ten, as Mr. William Fowler, a farmer, of Chew Magna, was returning from Bristol market, acc(impanied* by a young woman, in his market cart, he was stopped by a footpad, near the Maidenhead at Dundry j when springing from the cart, as is supposed with a view to protect his property, he was shot through the head. Hie re- port of the pistol frightened the horse, but the young woman leap- ed out of the cart, and proceeded tp a carpenter's shop about two hundred yards from the spot, • where she procured assistance, and on her return found the deceaBe4 rified of all his property. He has left a wife and four children. The robber was dressed in a smock frock. A tremendous storm o^ thunder and lightning, which was raging at the time, did not deter the villain from the commission of the crime. 1 7. On this day a grand enter- tainment was given to the Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Duchess of Oldenburgh, the Duke of York, and a number of distinguished persons, by the Mer* chants and Bankers of London at Merchant Taylor's-hall. 18. The second civic banquet in honour of our illustrious Visit- ors, the Emperor of Bussia, the King of Prussia, &c. was given on this day, by the Corporation of London, in GuiKihall. By two o'clock the streets from GuildhUl to Carlion-house were completely lined with military, consisting of the St. James's Vo- lunteers, the Duke of Sussex's regiment of Highlanders, the St. Margaret's Volunteers, and many other volunteer corps 5 the Tower Hamlets, London, and Sta^ord* shire Militia -, the City Light Horse; the We'stminsler Light Horse J the Surrey Yeomanry j the Scotch Grevs 5 the i ith Light Dragoons, and other regiments. Parties of the Life Guards paraded the streets to keep the passage clear. There were about 8,ooq troops (regulars and volunteers) under arms. The Royal procession moved at a slow pace from Carlton bouse soon after four o'clock, preceded by parties of the iitli Dragoons, and of the Royal Horse Gnarda (Blue). It commenced with five of the Priuoe Regent's carriages, each CHRONICLE. 4tf %adi with six horses, containing the oflloers of the household, and diftioguished foreigners. Parties of the same guards followed each carriage. Then came the state carnages of the Prince of Orange (whose servants wore the Stadt- halder*s Jiveries of blue and gold), the Dukes of Glocester, Cam- bri^e, Sussex, Clarence, and Kent, in each of which was one of the foreign visitom, A groom walked at each bone's head, and three footmen, in state liveries, stood behind each carriage. The Duke of York's carriage was drawn by six greys. The two sons of his Profsian Majesty rode with his Koyal Highness. All the horses were decked with crimson rib- bands. The equipage of the Re- gent was In the highest degree superb. The Royal carriage wa^ drawn by eight of the King's cream-coloured horses, ornamented with axure ribbands : four foot- men, -almost covered with gold lace, stood behind. It was pre- ceded by 13 of the Knights Marshalmen, in full uniform -, the Royal Heralds, wearing their offi- eial tabbards, &c. ; aod a nume- rous party of the Ring's Yeomen of the Guard, and of the loth, or Prince's Light Dragoons. The prooassiDD was closed by the re- mainder of the Horse Guards, with th*ir trumpeters, &c. in full dress ; after which came a vast number of other 'carriages, containing fo- reigners of distinction, the Mar- quis Wellesley, Lord and Lady CaHlereagh, Prince de Wagstadt (Blocher,) Count PlatofF, Lords Hill and Beresford, and a long list of persons of distinction. The Lord Mayor and the Sbe- tifi in their state carriages, and . V.PI.LVL the Aldermen and ttty-offioenf^ had stationed themselves ent of Templ^bar, previously to the arrival of the Procession | on the approack of which, they alighted, aad mounted chargers decorated with crimson belonging to the officeti, of the Horse Guards. The fint part of the cavalcade having ad- vanced, the Prince Regent's caf'o riage drew up, and the Lord Majo^ Aldermen, and Sheriffs, received, his Royal Highness with the uaval ceremony. After a short cdhfe^ rence, the City- officers took (bm lead of the Procession, which moved in the following order & A troop of the loth light dragoom^ trumpeters and kettle drums -, the Lord Mayor's state coach, in whi&h was his Lordship's chaplain alone f the carriages of the Aldermcfiij, empty « a party of military ; the Knights Marshal men ^ the Citjr Marshalmen, twoandtwo; twentjT of the Aldermen, two and two on horseback, and dressed in their state robes; two Horse-guards; the Town Crier, bearing the mace; the Lord Mayor in his state robei, mounted on a beautiful charger, uncovered and bearing the sword of state ; the state carriage of the Prince Regent, in which were hia Royal Highness and the King of Prussia, followed by a detachment of cavalry, after which came the carriages of several of hisMajesty^i Ministers. His Royal Highnesa reached Guildhall about half-pas^ ' five o'clock, where he. was re- ceived by the Lord Mayor* and conducted through a line formed by the Aldermen and Common Council-men, to the Drawing- room, (the Common Council Chamber), where his Royal High- ness rema'mcd in conversation with K his 50 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. his Rojral 1m>theri« and the other ifiustHotit persons. Ahbnt haif-rast four o'clock his Majestjr the Easlperat of Rosua qtutted the Pulteney hotels ac- tbtabstokd by his sister the Dacbess 6f Oldcnborg, in the Regeofs state chariot, drawn by six fine KandVerian horses, and attended Shis nsual guard. His Imperial ajesty's suite occupied four other carriages. His Majesty arrived at Ctzildhall about a quarter of an hour after tbe Prince Regent. As soon as his Majesty's approach was announced, the Lord Mayor went to receive biin and his illustrious sister, and conducted them in the same manner, and with the same marks of respect as had been ahewn to tbe Prince Regent, to the drawing-room. Here he w^ re- ceived and welcomed by his Koyal Highness. Tbe illustrious par- sonages continued for some time in the drawing-room ; and about seven o'clock, it being announced that dinner was ready, they were conducted to the Hall by the Lord Mayor, the nnisic striking up «' The Roast Beef of Old Eng- land 9** and after parading round the Hall, took tlieir seats under the canopy of state, amidst the shoots and acclamations of the company assembled, and the wav- ing of handkerchiefs and plaudits of the ladies in the galleries. On the right of the Prince Regent was seated the Emperor, and next to him the Duke of York ; the rest of the Royal Dukes were seated at the table of tbe hustings. On the left of the Prince Regent sat his Prussian Majesty, and next to him the Duchess of Oldrnburg, having her son upon her left. Lord Yarmouth stood behind the chair of the Emperor, attended by three of tbe Regent's servants, dressed in their state liveries and velvet caps. The Lord Mayor, in the first instance, placed hinnelf behind the chair of the Prince Regenr. At the table next to the bu&ting^ were seated Marshal Blu* cher, Platoff, the Lord Chancellor, the Speaker of the House of Com- mons, the Judges, Nobility, &c. Tbe first toast drank, was that of '' tbe King of England," whidi was given by the Prince Regent. The health of the Prince Regent was proposed by the Lord Ma^-or, and drank with general acclama- tions. The Prince gave '• The Lord Mayor and Corporation, and thanks to them for our kind re- ception." The following toasts were ; tbe Queen and Family ; the Emperor of all tbe Russias $ the King of Prussia , the Emperor of Austria ;' the Duchessi of Oldenburg; the King of France ; Ferdinand the Seventh, of Spain ) the Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands; the hereditary Prince of Orange; aU the Heroes who have served Eng- land by sea and land ; all the Ge- nerals of the Allied Armies. The songs given between tbe toasts were, •' Rule Britannia," " Hail! Star of Brunswick/' "To Arms, to Arms," &c. Of the dinner, it is almost need- less to say, that erery delicacy abounded. The wine was of the most choice kinds, as waa the dessert also. About a quarter before eleven the Royal gucisu withdrew, amidst the cheers of an assemblage of one thousand persons. Before tbe Prince R^ot left the anti-chamber to proceed to tiie- Hall, CHRONICLE. 51 HfllJ, lie oonfcrred the title 6f appropriated to the Prince Regent Barooet on the Lord Mayor. and the two Monarcht. The table The interior of Guildhall was, was decorated with an fanmenae on this occasion, fitted up in gran- quantity of plate, besides which^ deor unequalled un any former there were two side-boards^ one at occMon. A tenoporary entrance each extremity of the platform^ was erected at the front door of with massive services of plate. Gaildhall, extending several yards The table was further decorated into the street, covered on tlie sides with a vast number of small flags^ and top with green cloth, and the richly ornamented, bearing the flooring with fine matting, and it arms of the Prince Regent, the was lighted by a number of glass Emperors of Russia and Austria, globea. Immediately preceding the King of Prussia, and the other the entrance to the hall, in the Princes. Opposite to this table, large porcfa, were placed a number at the bottom of the Hall, was a of delicate forrign plants and fiow- large looking-glass. Down the ers in full bloom, whnse fragrance centre Of th« Hall were placed perfumed the air. These shrubs three tables for the noblemen and %tTC raised one above another, and others invited, the Aldermen, City with them were intermingled va- Oflicers, and Common Council* riegated lamps, the whole produc- men. The ladies* galleries were ing a mo two and two. Knight Marshal. Drums. Drum Major. Trumpets. Serjeant Trumpeter. (With his Mace and Collar). Poursuivants. Heralds. Serjeants at Arms. | Kings of Arms. > Seijeants at Arms. Mounted and habited in their respective Tabards. At the gate the Proclamation joined by that from Westminster, read by the Senior Officer of moved on to Charing«-cross in the Anns, and the Propession being following order : — Horse-Guards, to clear the way. Beadles of Weitmioster, bare-headed, two and two, with Staves. Constables of Westminster, in like manner. High Constable, with his Staff, on Horseback. Offioersofthe High Bailiff of Westminster, with White Wands, on Horseback. Clerk of the High Bailiff. ^igh Bailiff and Deputy Steward, Horse-Guards, Then came the rest of the Pro- cession in the order in which they approached the Palace-gate as be- fore-mentioned, flanked by de- lachi&eots of the Horse Guards. At Charing-cross, the Officer of Anna next in rank read the Pro- clamation, looking towards White- liall; after which the Procession moved on to Temple-bar, the ptes of which were shut, and the janior Qfficef pf AniiSa coiniiij; out of the rank between two trumpeters, preceded by two Horse Guards to clear the way^ rode up to the gate, and after the trumpets had sounded thrice, knocked with a cane. Being asked by the City Marshal, from within, (who had been there in waiting for some time, with the Lord Mayor, She- riffs, and Aldermen, attended by the other city officers,^ "Who comet t|iere/' ]ie replied, " The Offi^eri 54 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Offioeis of Arms, v^ho demand entrance into the city, to publish his Majesty's proclamation of peace." The gates being opened, Le was admitted alone, and the gatei then shut again. The City Marshal, preceded by his ofHcers, conducted him to the Lord Mayor, to whom he shewed his Majesty's warrant, which his lordship hav- ing read, returned, and gave di- TeciioDs to the City Marshal to open the gates, who, atiending the Officer ot Arms, on his return to them, said, on leaving him', " Sir, the gates are opened.** The trumpets and guards being . in y^ing, ponducted him to his place in the procession, which then moved on into the city, (the Officers of Westminster filing off and retiring as they came to Temple -bar,) and at Chancery- lane the procla fixation was read a Aird time. Then tbc Lord Mayor, Sberiflfs, and Aldermen, the two jformer in their state, and the latter in their private carriages, joined the procession immediately after the officers of arms, and the ' i^bole moved on to the end of Wood- atreety where the cross formerly stood in Cheapside -, and the pro- clamation having been there read, the procession was continued to the Royal Exchange, where it was read for the last time, and the procession returning by way of Gracechurch-street, through Lonl- tiard-street, dispersed about seven p^docky the military returning the '}fhiy they came. Each reading of .tbe proclamation was preceded iind followed by a flourish of inun|>et8. An unfortunate explosion took placq in the Royal Arsenal, at Woolwich^* in one of the sbed^ appropriated for making firewoTki; in consequence of which lour of the u'orknitn lost thrir livet^ and tuo others were wounded. By the exertions of the oltictrs on the spot» the fire was pre^-enird fkom injuring any of the other buildings^ tmd it was entirely got onder in less than half an hour. 21. Awster4cim. — The follow- ing advertisement has been pab- lishrd here :— •' The Board of Trade hereby informs all whom it may concern, that it has been acquainted by bis Excellency thr Secretary of State for Foreign Atl'airs, that by a de- cree of his Royal Highness our Sovereign Piince, dated the 15th inst. no ships or vessels Shall be cleared out or di^palched from any port of the United Netherlands, which are designed to fetch ne- groes from the coast of Africa, or from any of the islands belof^ring to that continent, and to convey them to the continent or islands of America ; and that all sudi ships or vessels designed for the slave trade shall be refused admittance at any fort, factory, colony, or possession on the coast €»f Guinea. 35. The grandest and most ap- propriate spectacle in this coun- try, presented to the royal visitants was a naval review at Portsmouth* which took place on this day. The illustrious personages had arrived at the town in the evening of the 2 2d, where were already the Prince Regent, and the Dukes of York and Clarence. The. two following days were employed by the party, in surveys of the har- bour, examinations of the interior of the Impregnable man of war, and visits to all parts of the vast naval eauUiifainoDts and atopood- CHRONICLE. 55 606 michinery of (bat port ; in* termixed widi banquetting aod festivity. On the concluding day, A fleet consisting of 1 5 sail of the lioCs sod about as many frigates^ formed a line in front of the Isle of Wight> and having received Yith a general salute the royal visitors on board the Royal So* vereign Yatcht, stood out to sea, ^od performed some of the ma- DCBvres of an engagement. They returned to their anchorage in the eveniogj when the Emperor and King, the Regent, &c. accompa* nied by an immense number of pleasure vessels of all descriptions^ €ame to land, and the day termi- uated with a grand entertainment giv]Bo by the Regent at the Go- veroment-house. The whole wag calculated to impress the illus- trious strangers, with the most lively ideas of the national power Mid greatness. 97. The Kmperor of Russia, with his sister the Duchess of Oldeoburghft and the King of Prus- sia with his sons, embarked at Dover on their return to the con- tinent, after a visit to this country, which appears to have given ge- oeial satisfaction. 28. Daver.— About five o'clock this morning, his Majesty's sloop of war the Rosario arrived in the roads, and fired a salute. Shortly afterwards, the yards of the dif- ferent vessels of war were named, a salute took place throughout the aquadron, and the launch of the Nymphen frigate was seen ad* vaoicing towards the harbour, with |he Duke of Wellington : at this time the guns upon the heigbtf end firom the batteries commenced their thunder upon the boat leav- io|; (be ship J and on passing the pier-heads his lordship was with three distinct rounds otdieefs: from those assembled; but upon- his landing at the CrosswalU no* thing could exceed the rapture, with which his I^ordship waa rev ceived by at leaat 5,000 persons |« and notwithstanding it WM ■» early, parties continued to arrivo from town and oountry ev.eryL minute. The instant bis lordship^ set his foot on shore, a propoaitioa was made, and instantly adopted^ to carry him to the Ship Inn : hs was borne on the shoulders of oufi townsmen, amidst the reiteratedi cheers of the populace. . I" Ml JULY. 5. Bow-Street.— W. H. HdU lins was charged with shooting £liz. Pikher, with a loaded piatoli with intent to murder her. 1| appeared that £. Pilcher is hou8e4 maid to Mr. Cartwright, in Lowef Grosvenor-street, and is about ao years of age. On Monday night, about a quarter past ten o'clock, the footman of Mr. Cartwright answered a knock at the door, when the prisoner presented him« self, and asked if Elizabeth was at hovQc i he, understanding him t6 mean Elizabetli Pilcher, replied she was, and called her up stairs* She went to the outside of the street door with the prisoner^ shutting the door after ^her: the footman went into the parlour^ and in a very short time after, he heard the discharge of a pistol, and a female voice screaming very loud : he went to the street door with all possible speed, when he found Elizabeth Pilcher, and the prisoner dose behind her ^ be did not 56 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. oof perceive then any ducbarge of of the widow, ander a preienoe of- Mood# but be observed ber gowa keeping tbem for his sake. H« ragg^ oo the right side^ and very and the deceased were in tbe biack> occasioned by gunpowder; Excise together, and when Mr« be supported her in his arms. Pilcher was on hrs deatb-bed, he When Elizabeth Pilcher was un- had made the prisoner promise to dressedj a large wound was found take cnre of his family^ which under her right breast, and a co- produced an intimacy between pious discharge of blood from it. him and tbe family, in conse-t Mr. Cartwrigbt's son was the first quence of which he formed an at- who seized the prisoner, and took tachment to Elizabeth Pilcher, a pistol from him, the barrel of which she had resisted. He con-* Viuch was completely burst and fessed himself to l>e a married ihivered to pieces > the lock of the roan, but had not lived with his pistol could not be found : the wife for a length deed in consequenoe of her refus- and the agitation of paiod j at last iog to comply with his wishes ; they observed something parttcu-r he wai asked to explain what these lar in his conduct which indicated were, but he refused. He pro- more than common illness, and fessed, however, to be in love with questioned him as to what he had her. taken : he confessed that lie bad Wm. Dean, a constable, searched intended to potson himself with him, ^and found upon him a large arsenic at the time he shot Eliatar brass pistol, not loaded, which beth Pilcher, but had taken soch matched the other found upon him, a soiall quantity that it only noade whiob was burst : the bursting of him very sick ; this was owing to it he explained to be owing to his the pistol bursting, which knocked having loaded it to the top. Both the phial out of his hand, which the pistols bad J. P. engraved on contained tbe arsenic. This was the brass work of tbe butt*ends : confirm^ by a piece of glass being and on bis being calird upon to- found, which had the appearance explain these initials, he stated of being part of a small pbial» that the pistols had been tbe pro- with arsenic adhering to the sides, perty of Elizabeth Pilcher*s father, and small pieces of glass being who died about twelve* months found on tbe steps, and at the mmoc, a(id lie had purchased them door of Mr. Cartwright's boose. The CHRONICLE. 57 anenic appeared to have had WH> Other bad effect on him, as ^^nrbexi he was brought to the officCj be appeared in good health. John Houghton, a watchman, staged, that he was the first watch- znao who took charge of the pri- soner. He saw a pistol in the prisoner's hand> and Mr. Cart- ^imght, jun. take it from him. After he had seized the prisoner l>y the collar^ he told him he had Xilled the woman, she being then Ijing in the footman's arms ; the prifoner replied, he did not intend to have killed her, but intended it for himself, and begged that he might be allowed to kiss her lips. Mr. Heaviside, the surgeon who dressed the wounds of Elizabeth Pilcher, did not attend. The wit- nesses stated her to be living at the time they left Mr. Cartwright's house, but it was supposed she could not survive. The unfortunate young woman died, and Hollins being committed, was tried for the murder, at the Old Bailey, in September. The defence set up was insanity, but be was brought in guilty and re* ceivcd sentence of death. He acknowledged the justice of the sentence, at the same time pro- fessing his fervent love for the poor victim ; and be displayed the strongest marks of contrition at his execution. 7. Thanksgiving at St. Paul's. — ^This being the day ap- pointed for returning thanks to the Almighty for the restoration of ihe blessings of peace to this country and to Europe, it was obaerved with all the state and solemnity u.m the Cathe- dral to Carleton-house. 9. The Duke of Wellington waa 60 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. was eDlvrtained with a grand dinner, at Guildhall^ by the Cor« poration of London. Previously to the entertainment the Noble Duke was presented^ in the customary forms, with a sword of exquisite workmanship^ ?oted by the Com- mon Council. The guests con- sisted of several of the Royal Dukes^ of the Foreign Princes re- maining in this country^ the Fo- reign Ambassadors, tbe Ministers of Statf, and a long list of naval and military characters of distinc- tion. The galleries, which had not been removed, were again croff^ded with ladies. The interior of the hall was decorated much in the same manner as at the banquet which was honoured by the pre-^ ieoce of the Regent, and theur Russian and Prussian Majesties. , The Dutch papers are full of fhe progress of the Emperor Alex- ander through Holland^ and of the honours with which he was ireceiyed at Rotterdam, the Hague, and Amsterdam. The visit of his Imperial Majesty to the village of Saaldam was interesting. The house which Peter the Great first entered on his arrival, August iS, 1 697 , was prepared for the repeption of his Majesty, and tbe Prince of Orange, who accompanied him. The house was fitted up with Dutch neatness. In the parlour was a fine portrait of Peter the Gre^t in armour, The Emperor and the Princp were received by 16 daugh- ters of the Magistrates, in the dress of Saaldam. The illustrious Tisitors testi^ed their satisfaction ac their reception, and then went to the house of tbe Czar Peter, which had simply the inscription, f^To thp great man, nothing is foo little." Jht pm|«ror baviqg visited the dockj where Peter- en*. gaged himself as a workman^ came to tbe house. Tbe Prince led him in, and one could imme- diately see the impression which the immense contrast of the simple dwelliog with the power and splendour of its former inhabitant; and so many other recollections, would not finl to inspire. The Prince requested the Emperor to leave a memorial of this remarka- ble visit, and all having been pre* pared, the Emperor, with a silver trowel, fixed in the chimney a square of white marble, on which is inscribed in golden letters—* *' Petro Magno — Alexander." 10. The University of Moscow celebrated the glorious epoch which has given peace to Europe. The Secretary gave a short history of the University from July 18] 3> to July, 1 814, in which he dov tailed the losses which it bad sus* taiued from the invasion of the French, and which consisted, not only in the destruction of the buildings, but of the museums and libraries. The a)llection of natural history, one of the most considerable in Europe, and the library, wbich contained more than 2o,oQo volumes, were totally der stroyed, as well as the collection of physical, astronomical, chemi- cal, and surgical instruments. The University library, however, again consbts of more than 5,000 vo- lumes, and the collection of na- tural history of above 6,000 arti- cles, by which the foundation of a new Museum is laid. In the Phy- sical Cabinet there ace 141 instru- ments, and in the Cabinet of Medals there are above 4,000 coins of various descriptions. Since the vear 181 a, therp have been CHRONIC 61 •g9»ood tcholflrs in the gymma- muXDs and schools sobordinate to Cbe Uoiversity. II. The Duhlin Correspond- ent say^, *' A letter from Caihel mentions the murder of Mr. Long, of Ardmale, in the county of Tip- . penary, on Monday last, at an early hour of the morning. Mr. 'Long, though advanced in years, was fond of rural sports, and bad risen at a ytry early hour in order to reach the mountains betimes, which were to be the scene of his intended sport. He had proceeded but a few steps from his house when he was tired at with two shots, both of which took effect, and he fell. Mr. I^ng had passed the early part of his life in Indi^ where he had amassed a consi- derable fortune, which it was his wish to enjoy in his native conn- try. With a view to the employ- ment of the poor, he had at- tempted the establishment of a woollen manufactory at Ardmale, which turned out unsuccessful \ •and the building originally des- tined for this purpose he was about to dispose of to Government, to be used as a barrack, a measure .which ibe lawless state of the surrounding district most urgently called for, when he fell by the assassin's band. He was an active sealous supporter of the public peace, and he lias fallen the victim ^his public zeal, and of his op- position to the savage turbulence which has convulsed so long the country in his vicinity." » 12. DresJen.'-^Tht explosion which happened here on the 27th •of June, was one of the most tre- .mendous recorded in history -, it ;bas crowned the cnlunitics which .have so long afilicted our uufor- iunate city. During the armistice of 1813^ the French erected before thm Black-gate of the New Town, a considerable tete-de-pont, which they called the Emperors en* trenchment In this entrencb- ment they constructed a large fort of wood, and a spacious vault, where they tstablished a vast powder magazine, which was soiw rendered by the capitulation. This magazine contained upwards of 100,000 quintals of gunpowder, partly in barrels^ partly in carl- ridges, grenades, &c. It was guarded by Russian soldiers. On the 27th of June some Saxon artillerymen were to fetch a cer« tain quantity of powder from this magazine, and a number of pea* sants had been ordered to remote it. Some detachments of Russian troops were exercising near tb« place. About half past eight o'clock part of the wooden fort blew up with such a tremendous explosion, that the ground was shaken to a great distance. AU the men and animals within tb^ distance of a thousand paces from the fort fell victims to this acci- dent. Several persons were killed by the beams, the palisades, and other things belontring to the fort ; and others suffered severely from the pressure of the air. The arms and legs of these unfortunate people were carried to an immenas distance. The buildings of the New Town, situated near the eiw trenchment, and among otherif the church, were so violently •sliaken, that not a single pane of glass in them was left whole, and the altar and organ were much damaged. I'he academy of the Cadets has also suffered exceed* iugly. The barracks, in which 2^800 Russians were quartered, are Sf ANNUAL REGlSTJiRj 1814. aire entlrdjr rained, and those troops biid great difficulty to es- cape from them into the New Town. The consternation occasioned by this misfortune was heightened, when it was known that the fire had commtinicated to that part of the wooden fort which contained the principal store of powder, cartridges, and grenades. The most prompt assistance was re^ quisite to prevent an explosion still more dreadful than the first. An Atilic Counsellor had the courage to seize and pull away a beam that was on fire, and that alone would have been sufficient to annihilate us. The cellars where the powder was deposited were covered with earth and dung, and Heaven in- terposed in our favour. It began to rain about eight o'clock, and the rain lasted the whole day. Even in the Old Town upwards of i,ooo houses were much da- maged by the shock. Beams were thrown to the opposite side of the Elbe, which proves the extreme violence of the explosion. It was felt as far as Pirna, which is four leagues from Dresden, and the windows were broken there in almost all the houses of the Castle^ street. The numt>er of persons who perished by this catastrophe is not correctly ascertained. Waterfwrd, — About five o'clock in the evening, two ruffians armed, one with a blunderbuss, the other with a carbine, appa- rently strangers, and their faces slightly blackened, entered the dwelKng-house of Charles Crow- ley, woodranger, at Woodhouie, in this fXHinty. Crowley waa absent, but the intruders made tils son Francis acoompany one of them ftito an inner room ki search of arms, while the other was stationed at the door. Shortly after they had entered the room, a shot was fired by the man on the outside, which almost instantly killed Crowley's daughter, a young woman about twenty years of age. The search was immediatdy aban- doned : the villain^ ran off, and we regret to add, have hitherto escaped detection. — JVaterford Mirror, 15. A dreadful riot, attended with very melancholy consequences, took place at the Race* Course of Downpatrick. It appears that a very great and unusual assembling of country people, all armed with sticks, and «ome with pistolS) was observed oa the Race Course on Friday, and it was understood that a preconcerted disturbance was to be the conse- quence, as for several days befiam, it was said without hesitation, that " the Orangemen had their day on the 1 2th of July, and they (tbe Threshers, or whatever name they go by) should have their's on the! Friday of the races.*' About ibdir o'clock on that day, a qnarrffi (many present say a sham fight) took place between two meif, which in an instant attracted a great crowd, apparently oo tbtf watch, and a disturbance ensued^ and continued for a considerate time, till it became so alanniD( that the magistrates found it iie«- cessary to send to Down for a de^ tachment of the Middlesex WMtm -quartered there. ' Wheil the military were drawn up, the rage of the assembled crowd was directed almost wholly against them, and they were at- sailed with vollies of stones fhM» behind the tents, aod many op- pMhriooi dlRONICLII- 6^ probrions namei. The militia all Yhis time kept their ground wi^k the greatest coolness: the great mass, (some thousands it is said), ecnboldened by the qoiet manner in iMrhich the soldiers acted, ad^ vsQced so near as to bid them defiance, pelting (hem with stoneSi by ^vhich some of them were in- jured and knocked down. The soldiers were then ordered to fire ^irith blank cartridge $ but thit only made the mob more rietous. Xhcy were then ordered to fire '^KTith ball— two men instantly fell^ and a great many were wounded ; fo'jT or five are in the Infirmary. A number or the rioters were taken prisoners and lodged in jail ; one of them, we have heard, had four pistols in his possession 5 another had two. Tfais unfortunate business having arisen from one of those ebuDt- tions of party which are so in- jarious to the country, we have foand it extremely difficult to ob- tain any account divested of the colouring of party. The circum- stances altogether in our opinion, afFord a strong recommendation for abandoning the processions at least of Orangemen on the i-ith of Joly, which seem unnecessarily to have so great an effect in trritfliing the lower order of the Catholic body* and stimulating to such dis- graceful acts as we -hare been noticing. — (Be/fast Commercial Hera/d,) a I. The Prince Regent gave a superb fete to Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington. On this occasion the temporary erections in the gardens of Carlton-house, which have been so long in prepa- ration, were used for the. first time; And the whole .of the entertain- ment exhibited a splendour and magnificence which have proba-i bly never been exceeded in thit country. The Duke of Wellington aa^ peared in regimentals, wearing tM brilliant insignia of the various 6t^ ders with which he has been io' the fifth, ' Passage of the Allied Sovereigns from France to £ng<* land;' the. sixth, ' Agricnllure in England ;' the seventh, * VicCory and Genefal Peace!' the eighth, ' Commerce of England ;* the ninth, ' Union of the Seine and the Thames with the Ocean ;' the tenth, ' Military Glory;* the ele- venth, ' The Arts in Enghmdi' the twelfth^ ' Emancipation of Holland.* Beyond the apartment which contained fcHRONICLfe; 6S ^boiaiMd these trnnsparfencies was an arboar in different compart- ments formed with laurel branches, as emblems of victory, and deco* rated with rare and beaatiful plants brought from Kew gardens : in these were tables, with a variety of refreshments. To the south of the arbour was a large temporary sup- per room for the accommodation of 300 persotis, which was also fitted up with allegorical paintings, and flags, as emblematical of our great military hero ; and terminat- ed with a large sideboard and mir- ror, surmounted with the standard of England. Several tents, fitted up as supper-rooms, communicated with this spacious apartment. All the temporary roomk were render- ed peculiarly comfortable from the floors being boarded, and great at- tention paid to their ventilation. An additional Gothic room, erected at the end of the conserva- tory, calculated to accommodate 100 persons at supper, added con- siderably to the splendour of th6 lower suit of rooms. The Queen, and Princesses Au- gusta and Mary, arrived in their chain exactly at ten o'clock, at- tended by a party of the yeomen of the guard and footmen with flambeaus : they entered by the garden firom the Park. They were reoeiyed at the library by the Duke of Rent; and the Prince Regent hastened immediately after to at- tend hia royal guests. About half an hour after the ar- rival of the royal party, they en- tered tbe pdygon-room, the Queen leaoiDg on the Prince Regent's right arm. His royal. highness was dresasd 10 regimentals, wearing his Engiidi, Russian, Prussian, and Frmh orders; and appeared in Vc*. LVI. excellent health: the royal partjr promenaded round the room, re* ceiving tbe compliments of Htm numerous and distidguished asaeow bly. The Queen and Prince wero followed by the Duke of Kent aoA^ Princess Augusta, the Dtike of Cambridge and Princess Mary, fii6 Princess Sophia of Gloucester; tlio Duke and Duchess of York canla afterwards. The Prince Regenft band, in their full dress, pla]^ in the orchestra, during the royal pro* n>enade, " God save the Ring/* and *' The Ptince Regent's Match.'* When this band left the orchestra, a very numerous band for countr]f dances took thisir place, and daiu> ing commenced. A little before two o'clock, the company retired to supper. The royal party supped in the two rooms which were erected to re^ ceive the Emperor of Russia and King of Prussia, where the cloth was laid for no. After supper dancing recommenced. The Queen and Princesses with^ drew about half past four; the company had not all rethreid tiU past six. 22. On Sunday night Be*o« night, about ten o'clock, Mn, Noyce, an aged woman, who re- sides at Fawley, in the New Fo- rest, Hampshire, was barbarousljf murdered near her own residence* The deceased kept a chandler's shop, was a widow, and had one son about twenty years of age» who being from home, she left bee house to go in pursuit of him : aa she did not return home at a late hour, some of her neighbours went out in quest of her, and at two o'clock in the morning she was found apparently lileless in a field adjoining a lane where they k' kngi¥ 66 ANNUAL HEGISTER, 1814. Knew she -would pass^ with her ceediogly well, were unfortu heild shockingly bruised. She re- drowned, by getting entiang knained in this state for several the weeds. Mr. Holmes «i days, and when she caine to her- more than 24 years of agi selC she described ihe attack to such was the respect in whi kaye b^^n made by a man in the was held, that his death baa lpne> who came behind her and sioncd an universal gloom thi gave her some viojent blows with out the island, a stick or bludgeon on tlie 28. At the levee Dr. , back of her head,, and. afterwards Edward Smith presented t dragged her into the field, but she Prince Regent, a set of the did BOt see the man, Imd of course sactions of the Linnean Sc coiUd; not describe him. She has on which occasion his royal tfittce died of the wounds, and the ness was pleased to confer t Coroner's jury have brought in a nour of knighthood on Dr. I verdict of wilful murder against as founder, and hitherto on! her own son. On Monday he was sident, of that learned hoc conveyed to Winchester gaol, by which his royal highness Vickery the Bow-street officer. It tron. appeared before the jury, that the ^' The violent storm whidi 1 ton courted, ami was about to ed Stamford and its neigl marry, a young woman whom the hood on Thursday night, & mother. had a great objection to, ult. was felt with great sere but be persisted. On the night some parts of Leicestershin when the horrible deed was com- Reasby, half way between I mitted, he was proved to have been ter and Melton Mowbray, it visiting the young woman, and he before ten o'clock with si was seen by a servant girl coming wind and hail, followed b) eut of the field where his mother thunder and lightning, aa I was found five minutes after she strnck every person in thcr] left her house. It is conjectured We are assured by a resp^ ihat the motive for the barbarous man from that place, wit^ act was, that the mother had left we have conversed, that th< all her property to her son ; but stones were bigger than a hiKl threatened that if he married egg : many window-fraoew! tlie girl she objected to, she would been beaten in by them at B alter her will and leave it to some Syston, Thrussiogton, and one else. and fields of corn totally desi 27. An evening paper commn- Mr. Woodcock, of Systoi nicates the following letter fTX)m mowed what remained afti Cowes, in the Isle of Wight :-— storm of a fine crop of barle A melancholy accident took place is ploughing the land for a < yesterday in.Hamble river, by the turnips. The lightning was upsetting of a punt, in which were incessant ibr two hours ; it 8 R. Holmes, Esq. member for New- ed a table-ploth spread a port, and only brother of Sir L. W. Simpson*s, at Reasby ; and- Holmes, hart, and a young man of o'clock on Friday morning a this town, named Farkmao, who, of an earthquake, we ave ii •Ithough they could both swim, ex- ed, was felt at that plaoe^ . CHRONICLE. «r 'n&med Thomas Kilby was found dead in the morning, on the road near Queenboroagh ; and a boy at Nicol's lodge was deprived of his eye*sight by the lightning. On the whole, this storm is pronounc- ed to be the most awful that ever was experienced in that part of the cooniry in the memory of man. Nearer Stamford we do not hear of any mischief done beyond the onroofiog some buildings, and the tearing up or breaking of many^ large trees. The Leicester coach was orerturned in consequence of it ; as was the Paul Jones, in going down the hill near Greetham; and the Newcastle coach, near Norman-cross ; but providentially Dooe of the passengers were much bort by these accidents. At Spal- ding, the electric fluid entered a chimney of the Royal Oak public- house, which it threw down^ and ring into a sleeping-room, slight- ^ jcorcbcd a child in bed."— Stamford Mercuiy. 31. The seventy-first annual conference of the Wesleyan me- tbodiafs assembled at Bristol on the 25th. Dr. Adam Clarke was president : and nearly 300 minis- ters were present. The increase, during the last year, amounts to near 15,000—12,484 of whom have been added in Britain, and iheTemainder in the West Indies and Nova Scotia. AUGUST. t. Although the two la^t raoikhs bad been distinguished in Che metropolis by an almost con- •tant succession of spectacles of grandeor and festivity, all bearing ralation to the great and happy ftVeiiti which had taken place in the earlier part of the year/ yet It was determined in the councils of the Prince Regent that the return of peace should be marked by dis* plays of joy still more striking and appropriate to the occasion, and of which the whole public might be partakers. Of 1 he particular cha^- racter of these exhibitions, and tbo time when they were to make Html appearance, considerable indecision seems to have prevailed. It was at first understood that the show was to be combined with sooa entertainment of superior spletl'* dour to be given to the imperial and royal visitors 5 but the abort* ness of their stay would not allow time for the vast preparations to be brought near to completion. With respect to the subject of ce- lebration, the renewal of peaoa was naturally that which first pre* sented itself; and over the royal booth an inscription was placed to this effect, viz. *' Peace restored under the Regency.'* But, from delay, peace was now become a circumstance with which the pub- lic mind was familiarized ; and it was at length resolved to i^sociate with it the Accession of the House of Brunswick, by selecting the day on which that happy event took place a hundred years before. A new inscription pointed out this intention ; and the names of Nel- son and Wellington, in great let- ters upon the booth, further indi- cated that our naval and military glories were to form other objects to which the joyful feelings of the spectators wer^ to be directed. The three parks were properly chosen for the scene of this civic jubilee, as alone affording space for the expansion of the immense mul* titodes by whkh the British me- F 2 tropoiis «8 ANl^UAL REGISTER, 1814, tropoUs is peopled. In that of St. James's the principal attraction to curiosity was a Chinese bridge thrown over the canal, apon the eentre of which was erected a lofty pagoda, while the other parts were decorated with pillars^ and boxes, for the exhibition of fire-works. The Bird-cage walk, and part of the Mall, were hung with Chinese lanterns. In the Green-park, on the edge of the Mall, was placid the royal booth, of a circular form, vith a gallery attached to it, for the ministers of state, foreign roi- Histers, and other distinguished persons. Not far from it, in the game park, was the grand edifice, entitled the Temple of Concord, die general design of which was the invention of Sir W. Congreve, gnd the external decorations were by Greenwood, and Latilla. From the Queen's palace a bridge of commuoication to the Green- park was thrown over the road of Constitution-hill. In Hyde Park the Serpentine river was allotted for the spectacle of a naumachia, in which a British and French fleet, represented by barges brought from Woolwich, and fitted up to resemble men of war of the line and frigates, were to exhibit the manceuvres and circumstances of a naval fight. The park itself was covered with a multitude of booths, erected by permission, and fianght with all the variety of amusement and recreation belonging to a coun- try fair. During the whole progress of preparation, and especially as it approached to completion, the parks were the great object of pub**- lie curiosity, and became the most crowded promenade of the roetro:* poHs. The daily papers were like* wise filled with descriptions a^d speculations relative ^o the expcct- ed jubilee, which even was a sub- ject .of parliamentary discussioe; and not a little satire both within and without doors was bestowed upon the fiucfuations of the plan, and particularly upon the mimic naumachia, which, after the late display of real power and grandeur at Portsmouth, was treated as a kind of burlesque, calculated only for the diversion of holiday cock- neys. At length, on July 3Tst, the fol- lowing public notification was is- sued by authority: ** August 1st is the day fixed for a grand national jubilee, being the centenary of the accession of the illustrioui family of Brunswick to the throne of this kingdom, and the anniversary of the battle of the Nile. " Hyde Park, in which there will be a grand fair, is entirely open to the people. " The Green Park will also be entirely open to the people. " The Mall of St. James's F^k> and Constitution-hilU will alio be open to the people, to enter by Spring-gardens and New-streec gates. ** The lawn In St. James's Fisrk, and the Bird-cage Walk, wUl be devoted to those who have pur^^ chased tickets." Then followed a description oi the accommodation prepared fiir the public. The conclusion ran thus :-^ " Let not the people, therefore, listen to those who would poison their minda — to those who are the constant enemies of all public joy. Let them be assured, that the ob- ject a( the pcacefiil festival^ is to give CHRONICLE. 69 give to all ranks and orders^ a jCTitefal occasion to indulge in tbat full participation of happiness to which their perseverance, in a most sanguine and trying contest, crowDed with unprecedented suc- cess, has so richly entitled them.*' The appointed day, which began with a lowering sky, turned out perfectly fine, and nothing occur- red to prevent the enjoyment of the whole circle of entertainment provided for the public. After a morning and noon spent by the crowds of every rank which throng- ed the parks, in wandering from place to place, the exhibitions be- gan with the ascent of Mr. Sadler jun. in a balloon from the Green- park about six in the evening. He rose almost perpendicularly till nearly out of view, when the ma- chine gently moved in the direc- tion of Kent. About eight, the naval action in the Serpentine river commenced -, and by a judicious variety of action, and the grand display of a ship on fire, this spec- tacle afforded more pleasure than might have been supposed from the ridicule attached to it. £ut the great object of general expec- latioi^ was the fire-works, of which the centre was the magnificent edi- fice in the Green-park. This erec- tion at first exhibited the appear- ance of a fortified castle, from the bAtlemepts of which the most brilliant showers of rockets were thrown, whilst the walls disclosed every curious and complicated con« trivance of the pyrotechnic art. After every eye had been astonish- ed and delighted for two hoiirs with these displays, the metamorphosis took i^aee of the castle into the '^emple of Concord, richly illurai- oatetl with a profiisiop of dUTo? rently coloured lamps, and decopatod with suitable emblems and devioeib The mechanical skill exercised in producing this change, the gniD- deur of the effect, and the whole of this part of the exhibition, seem to have excited universal admira- tion. The illumination of d)ft Chinese bridge in St. James's Park^ with its pagoda and other appen<« dages, was extremely brilliant; but the close of it was rendered some>- what tragical by the accidental con* flagration of the pagoda itself, at- tended with mischief to some of the attendants, and even the even- tual loss of one or two lives. Tbia was the only disaster accompany^ ipg the whole of the day's amuse* meots, notwithstanding gloomy predictions of the pressure and un^ governable violence of the popa« lace. On the contrary, all wai^ quiet and harmony, and the iqcoii* veniences of a crowd were less feU than in any common cause of at- semblage in the streets of London. On the whole, though the amuse- nients were protracted to a tedioui. length, and the want of a decided object of festivity deadened every feeling but that of curiosity, the day will live in the remembranoa of those who witnessed its splen* dours, and will not be unrecorde4 by future historians of the British metropolis. The Queen gave a grand enter- tainment at her palace to a lai^ge party of members of the royal family and other distinguished per«f sons, who came to view the diffe- rent exhibitions in the parks. Notwithstanding the favourable weather in which Mr. Sadler, jon* ascended from St. Jameses Parlii;j| he encountered more danger thaa any recent aerial traveller. When 93 *t 70 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814 Ae cordi which held the balloon were ready to be cut, it was found, that the fastening which secures the network to the valve at the top of the balloon, had by some means been disengaged, and was held only by a single twine. This ttxtcrprising young aeronaut, how- fVer, feeling for the disappoint- ment of the public, and for his own honour, was determined to go up, and he ascended about twenty- four minutes past six. Whilst the balloon was still hovering over the I^rk, he thrrw from it a number of small paper parachutes, with jubilee favours attached to them, bearing various inscriptions. When Above the London docks, the bal- loon appeared for a short lime nearly stationary, and it was not Until a quantity of ballast was thrown out, that a quicker motion could be given to it. On passing over Deptford, at a considerable height, Mr. Sadler went through a cloud which left behind it on the railing of the car, and on various Jnrts of the balloon, a thick mois- ture, which soon became frozen ; •nd Mr. Sadler, for a short time, dt the cold as intense as in win- ter. Immediately over Woolwich the String which fastened the net, as was apprehended, suddenly btdke, and the main body of the balloon was forced quickly through the aperture, nearly i8 feet. Mr. Sadler, to prevent the danger which threatened him, caught the pipe at the bottom of the balloon, and by hanging on it and the valve line, he prevented the balloon from further escaping. The valve, which had for some time resisted every attempt to open it, in consequence of being frozen, at this time gave way, and suffered the gas to esca^. A sudden shift of wind, whilst the balloon was apparently failing into the middle of the Thames at Sea- Reach, carried it about loo yards over the marshes on the Esseii side, when the aeronaut seized the opportunity of making a gash in the balloon with his knife, which the wind considerably widened, and occasioned the escape of the gas in great quantities; Mr. Sad-» ler's descent on this account was rather more precipitate and violent than he could have wished. He landed, however, in Mocking Marshes, sixteen miles below Gravesend, on the Essex coast, without sustaining any other in-> jury than a slight sprain, in about 40 minutes after his departure from the Park. Early this morning, a conflagra-* tion occurred in the flour-mills, at Light House Quay, near Watford, which entirely consumed them, together with three out-houses, in a short time. The fiames commu- nicated to the dwelling-house, which was also levelled to the ground, leaving only the wall, a part of which fell down, by which two men were so lacerated, that they were taken to the hospital, where they expired about two hours afterwards. The accident Was attributed to a spark, which flew amongst a quantity of straw. The property was insured to the anion nt of 3000I. It was with great difficulty the family escaped. 2. lliere is a wopian of the name of Johanna Southcote, near- ly 70 years of age, of whose im* postures, or lunacy, our readers may already have heard. Some chapel in St. George's Fields has acquired considerable popularity by the attendance a( this poor wretch« CHRONICLE. 71 wrelcb. She has lately given out that the is pregnaDt with the true 3tonab, and expects to lie-io in a few weeks. . It is a fact that a cot or cradle, formed of most expen- sive and magnificent materials, has been bespoke, by a lady of fortune, for Mrs. Southcote's accouchement , and has bcrn for some days exhi- bilcd at the warehouse of an emi- nent cabinet-maker in Aldersgate- •trcct. Hundreds of genteel per- sons, of both sexes, have been to see this cradle ; in which the fol- lowers of Johanna believe the true Messiah is to be rocked ! 3. Mr. Verity, surgconof Bridg- end, has lately attended a case of FragUitas Ossium : the patient was a female, a]B^d 62, and such was the brittle state of her bones, that she fractured the thigh bone, and the bones of the upper arms, in several places, in the short space of six weeks, though confined to her bad, merely by the ordinary action of the muscles. This disease was preceded by slight pains in the limbs similar to chronic rheuroa^ tism. 5. This morning, between 1 2 and one o'clock. Miss Mary Anne Welchman, a respectable young woman, who carried on the busi- ness of a dress-maker in the first floor of a house opposite the wntch- honse of St. George, Ihmovcr- •qnare, in Mount-street, was bnrba- roQsly murdered in the front room of the first floor Th(i report of a pbtol was heard by the landlord and other persons in the house where she lodged, soon after twelve o'clock, which greatly alarmed them ', immediately after, they heard the discharge of another pistol : great alarm was also created in the neighbourhood i it was not, hoW- however, at first discovered that the pistols had been discharged 10 Miss Welch man's apartments, till the sir.ell of gunpowder became extremely strong in the hoosOk Several persons proceeded (0 ex- amine the house $ they knocked at Miss Wflchman's room door several times, and, receiving no answer, opened the door, and bo« held Miss Welchman a lifeleK corpse oil the floor. Her head, oil examination, proved to have been shot in two places, and but little remained of it Two pistols weie found on a table, which on exami- nation proved beyond a doubt that they were tiie deadly instrumenti which had done the deed ; as tb^ must have been lately discharged. A man's hat was also found in the room, but no person of any de- scription could be found on the premises who was suspected of being the perpetrator of the horrid act. The hat that was found in the room on examination led to the discovery of the murder, as it was ascertained to belong to a young man of the name of Jamte Mitchell ; and his not being found on the premises was afterwards accounted for by some persons who were in Mount -street at the timt, a short distance froni the house ip which, the deceased lodged, who heard the report of the discharge of the pistols, and immediattTjr after saw a man come out of the window of the first floor, and let liiinself down into the street by the assistance of ilie lamp-iron and the door, and then instantly ran off with all possible s|>ccd down the middle of the street. It was recol- lected that Mitchell had been ad^ mitted into the house between eight and nine o clock on Thursday evening 72 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. evening to visit Miss Welchman^ and it was not known that be bad gone out of the door. He had been in the frequent habit of vi- siting Miss VVelchman for some iime past, and it 'was generally un- derstood that he was paying his ad- dresses to her by her consent, which circumstance coming to the knowledge of the deceased's bro- ther, he had several interviews with her upon the subject to endeavour to persuade her against countenanc- ing the courtship of MitcheU, as being an improper connection. At length she listened to her brother>s advicei and promised to act accord- ingly } and it is supposed, that the deceased and Mitchell had several interviews upon the subject, and that he would not submit to her refusal of marriage; that Thurs- day was the day fixed upon for the question to be finally settled ; that Jie went prepared with two loaded pistols to put a period to her ex- istence in case of refusal. This is the conjecture of those who knew the circumstances of the parties. Mitchell is a gentleman's servant out of place, and has been so for some time. Next morning the relations of the deceased attended at . the public-office. Bow-street, and gave information of the murder, and the full description of Mitchell. This man was afterwards appre- hended near Salisbury, and being brought to town, was tried for the inurder at the Old Bailey sessions in September, before Mr. Justice Heath, and found guilty upon the clearest circumstantial evidence. He was condemned, and executed. 8. At the Cambridge assizes, Wiljiam Pollard, a boy only 15 years of age, was found guilty of letting firt) to a house at Sawston, in the occupation of John Mat« thews, his uncle. The prisoner, it appeared, confessed his crime lo another boy, and when examined before a magistrate, said that his uncle came to him in the field where he was working, and made a noise at him for being idle, when it C'ime into his head to set the place on tire, which he did by placinga piece of burning turf close to the thatch. The reason he con- fessed wa8» that another person was suspected, and examined about it, and he was unwilling that per- son should be punished. He was sentenced to be hanged, but after- wards reprieved by the judge. 9. This afternoon, about foi\r o*clock, numbers assembled on the Steyne, at Worthing, to witness the departure of the Princess of Wales in the Jason frigate, which had lain off Worthing since Saturr day last. The Princess came to the Steyne hotel at half past four, where the honourable Captain King, of the Jason, not being quite in readiness to receive" her royal highness, sl>e drove to South Lancing, with Lady Charlotte Lindsey, and a young boy, who is said to be patronized by her royat highness. Captain King appeared shortly afterwards on the beach, at Worthing, and went in a boat to his own barge from the Jason, and proceeded to Lancing. The fe- male domestics of the Princes^ went on board at Worthing. At a little time after sii(, her royal highness, with her attend- ants, went into the barge;^ to which she was driven by her own coach- man, in one of the small pony- carts; and was conducted to the Jason, on board of which she em- barked. Her royal highness wore a dark CHRONICLE. r^ ^dark cloth pelHoe, with large gold clatpSt aod a cap in the Prussian hufsar style, of violet and green Mtin with a green featber. The JasoQ and the Rosario lay at an- i:hor about three miles from shore with their yards manned 5 and on her royal higbness's going on board, the royal standard was hoist* pd. From the barge her royal high- ness repeatedly kissed her hand to the female spectators^ who in re* turn waved their handkerchiefs. The Jason sailed about seven o'clock in the evening. Numbers in carriages, on horseback, and on foot, came firom Worthing and the vicjuiry to see the Princess depart. 10. His royal highness held a chapter of the order of the garter. The knights present were the Dakes of York, Clarence, and Cambridge, the £arls of Chatham and Westmoreland, the Duke of Beaufort, the Marquis of Hertford, the £arl of Liverpool, and Vis- count Castlereagh, The procession was made in the Dsual form ; and the knights being fcated* the Chancellor read a new ttatQte for declaring his most Ca- tholic Majesty, Ferdinand VII. King of Spain, fleeted a knight of the order, and his Majesty was de- clared elected acpordingly. The ch^iQcellor then signified to the chapter the Prince Regents pleasure, in the name of the Sove- reign, that a lineal descendant of the late Sovereign King George the Second, may, in virtue of the sta- tute in that behalf, be elected a knight of the order. The suffrages were then taken by the chancellor, and presented to the Prince Re- gent, and by his royal higbness*s command, his royal highness Wil- |is|m Frcdprick, Prince of Orange and Nassau, Prince Sovereign of the Netherlands, was elected • knight of the order. His royal highness was declared elected ao»- cordingly. The knights being called over by garter king of arms, the procession returned to the private apartment of the Prince Regent. A solemn ceremony took place in a Roman Catholic chapel at Clonmel, in Ireland, which, from the interest of the circumstance was crowded to excess. It was the acceptance of the white veil, in tlie Society of the fresentatbtl Convent, by a Miss Fanning, of Waterford, 17 years of age, with^ very respectable ^^rtune. AH the gentry of the town and neighbour^ hsod came to witness the pere^ mony. 1 1 . A country paper states, tha^ R. Dansey, of , Clater-park, £s<|. and Dr.. Matthews, of Belmont, both in the county of Hereford, have, in consequence of the low prices of grain of all descriptions, reduced the rents of their estates one-third. On the late rent-day at Stanford- hall, Leicestershire, Mr. Vere Dasbwood requested his tenants might be informed, that although he had given notice of an advance in their rents, in consideration of the change in political affairs, be purposed blotting Qut the addi- tional figure. I'hough an order had been sent from the Secretary of State's Office for the discontinuance of the fair in Hyde-park, and for the removal of the booths, it had not been duly enforced on Tuesday morning. Another order was in consequence issued. The people who kept the booths flattered themselves that they might 74 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. mightiiold out till the birth-day^ or was then kicked oat of the chap^, < at least make some advantage ot the accordiog to ancient form, by the eicuse for selling theii' stock. The king at arms, cnagistrates and deputy ranger, 13. On an eminence, near Vfiih poWqc officers, went twice to Dryburgh-abbey, called the Rock* the Park before the order was fully stone-hill of Newmains, was laid obeyed. All the booths have been by the Countess of Buchan, the removed from St. James*s Park, foundation stone of a monument The nocturnal eiLcesses, therefore, to the memory of the brave Sir which i ad been continued far too William Wallace, a colossal »tatue long, are now at an end. of whom 2ii feet in height, it 12. Yesterday forenoon, about now in progress, and is to beerect« one o*clock, his royal highness the ed on a suitable pedestal, on the Duke de Berri arrived in London, 2 2d of September next, which is in a carriage and six — the carriage the anniversary of the herb's vie* dark green, with the royal French tory at Stirling-bridge. In a glass arms in gold. His carriage was vessel, properly sealed, wasdqpo* followed by another of a similar sited a transcript of George Bu- description, and sm horses, with chanan*s Eulogy of Wallace, in his his royal highness's suite. These History of Scotland. A colossal carriages were followed by two urn, with an inscription, is pro- Dartford post-chaises, with do- posed to be placed adjoining to the mestics. There were three out- statue, on the summit of the basal* riders, with liveries, of dark green tic rock behind which the statue is and gold lace. to be erected. The Duke de Berri had an au-> 15. At noon, a fire broke out dience of the Prince Regent yes- in the wingof theDukeof AtholPs terday afternoon, about 5 o*clock, house, at Blair- Atholl. By the at Carl ton-house, on his arrival in great exertions of the collected England. numbers who came forward witk In consequence of the resolution their assistance, the spreading of of a meeting of the order of the the flames to the main house was Bath, Mr. Townsend, Bath king prevented^ and the loss sustained at arms, repaired yesterday morn- was confined to the wing where in^, about one o'clock, to King the (ire had commenced. Henry VII.*s chapel, Westminster 16. Died, near Crosmonna, in abbey, with a warrant, signed by the county of Mayo, at the ad- Lord Sidmouth, Secretary of State, vanced age of 1 12 )ears, Thomas and removed the banner of Sir Gaughan. He passed 1 10 years Thomas Cochrane, (commonly of his life wholly unacquainted called Lord Cochrane), which was wkh sickness, and able to take a suspended between those of Lord full share with the young in the Beresford, and Sir Brent Spencer, labours of the field. In the county The brass plate with his lordship's court, at the age of 1 06, by bis arms was taken off, and the hcl- clear evidence, he folly proved the met, crest, mantling, and sword, validity of a survey made in 1725, were taken down. The banner thereby contributing chiefly to the termkiation CHRONICLE. 75 tennifiation of an important law- suit. His eldest son is lipwards of JO. Mr. Robins, of Bcvcrstone, near Tetbury, lately lost 7 yearling beasts out of f 8, by putting them into a piece of pasture ground^ in part of which the colchscum autumnale (meadow saffron, or tube root) grew in great abundance. On their bodies being opened, the food was found clogged together, in a crude and undigested mass, incapable of passing through the proper ducts. A New York paper contains the following : " Henry Brown, a narive of New Jersey, residing near Bevertown, was born January, 1686 ; consequently is now in his 139th year. He is a black man, with long straight liair, and wears it tied. He was in general Brad- dock*8 defeat, in 1755, and then was 59 years old. He has been a slave 70 y^ars, has been a free man 58 years, is now in good health, can walk pretty well, has a good appetite at times, but is getting weak. He was never manied ; and says he wishes to die, but fears he never shall.*' 17. Splendid provision is mak- ing for the establishment of a Presbyterian place of worship in Kingston, Jamaica. Before the beginning of February, upwards of S^oool. had been subscribed; since that period large additions bare been made by contributions^ and it is expected that the annual income of the minister will not be less than loool. or 1200I. a year. About four o*clock in the morn- ing, some villains entered the vestry of Paddingtoo church, and took away two large deal chests oontaining the parish records, ac- QountSj and plate^ &c. As soon as the •robbery was discovered^ the parish ofHcers gave infbrraetion at Bow-street, stating that they were anxious to recover .the papers^ which consisted of the pansh re- cords for the last three hundred years, and which could not be re« placed. The Magistrate, from the circumstances, suspected the thievea were not persons of experience in their profession, and dispatched an officer to trace them. On going to the spot he found that they had entered the Vestry-room with a skeleton key j he aJso traced them from place to place till he bad dis- covered the lost treasure in an out- house, near the church. The chests bad been opened, and the thieves were deceived by the glit- tering appearance of the cups and plates, which were only pewter. The records were restored to the parish officers. 18. By accounts from Arch* angel of the 17 th of June, we learn that the last winter had made greater inroads into the summer of that northern latitude than ever had been known in the memory of man. 1 he ice of the Dwina had not broke up till the 24th of May, and even in the middle of June the White Sea was full of drift ice. No ships had then ar- rived at Archangel from foreign parts, but immense quantities of flax, hemp, tallow, and grain were expected from the interior of Russia. The Greenland Whale Fishery has this year been uncommonly successful. By accounts from Hull, and the other outports most in- terested in this commerce, it ap- pears, that almost every ship is full. The South- sea men also have been equally fortunate; many 76 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Boaoj have latdy arrived with full cargoes, and roanj more are ex* pect^. A^Lieatenant-colonel Lamb was on bis passage from Southampton to the Sussex, coast, in bis pleasure boat, accompanied only by one man, either in shifting the boom, or by a sudden jirk of the sail, be was forced overboard unper- cei?ed by the boatman, just opposite the hotel at Bognor, and drowned. Near Dungannon were lately found a pair of palm deer horns, measuring 15 feet 7 inches from tip to tip. Several of the lumba vertebrae, the os coccygis, and some of the ribs, were likewise found. The jaw bones are won- derful for their specitic gravity, being not much lighter than aQ equal bulk of iron. 20. Mary Ann Adlam was iut dieted at the late Somerset assizes, for petit treason, in the wilful murder of her husband, Mr. Henry Allen Adlam, at Batb, on the i8tb ult. The prisoner was a straw-^ hat maker, resident in Bath-street, in that city. It appeared in evi- dence, that the deceased had used fDost abusive and provoking lan- guage to the prisoner, who, in ^ passion stabbed him with a knife. The Jury, after a few minutes de- liberation, returned a verdict of Manslaugiiter, and the prisoner was sentenced to 6 months impri- sonment. On the verdict being given, Mrs. A. fell into strong^ convulsions. On her recovering, the Judge told her, that seeing the state of her feeling?, he should not enlarge on her o^euce, 22. llie following extract of a Ijstter relative to Joanna Southcote, said to be from a clergyman of the Sstablished Church, is in a Bjr- ^Ingi^aoi paper :-^ ''If, Sir, yba have seen .the letter, and do not niean to insert it, this part of the business I must; leave for you and your conscience to reconcile. In addition te the cradle, I can inform you that sueb is the strength of faith of the sup*? posed fanatics and deluded people^ that the society in Birmingham have sent up to London many presents for the reception of the Prince of Peace ; and, in addition to those already sent, we are now going to send up a silver cup and salver, with a lid, on which is placed a ball representing the globe, on which is perched a dove> with an olive branch ; perhaps, at some future time, I may inform yon of the inscriptions thereon. ^he mission of this woman was to fall in Birmingham in less than six months, and not a vestige be left behind : this was the cry of the Ministers of the Gospel ; but you see. Sir, it has not fallen yet. Our motto ft-om the beginning ^as, " Truth is strong, and will prevail ;'* and we see the effects gf this have been realised. Oar society now consists of 500 peo« pie: many are flocking to our standard, for when the truth is told them, they find what they heard is only mockery and lies. " Truth shall win its widening^ way, '* Ever mighty to persuade.*' xour's respectfully, S. Bradlby.*^ This morning, at a quarte^r after eight, the following persons weiae executed before the Debtors' door^ Newgate :— William Henry Lye* for burglary ; Jfohn Mitchell, for forgery ; Francis Sturgess, for highway robbery; Michael Ma* roney alias Mahoney, for highwav robbery; John Field, alias Jona^ thaft CHROi^ICtE. 77 than Wild, for burglary ; and John Aihtoo, for highway robbery. By ba!f-pasC six o'clock the Old Bai- ley* Giltspur-street^ and the houses adjacent^ were crowded to great excess. At half-past seven Ma- roney was brought forward for the purpose of being disencumbered of his irons. While his irons were knocking off, it was found neces« sary to search for a knife to cut some part of the cordage, which conficicd the irons. IVIaroney see- ing this, stooped, and with an HercQJean effort tore it asunder. This being the only Catholic, the Rev. Mr. Devereux attended hinoi in constant prayer, in which he joined most fervently. Sturgess, Field, and Mitchell, conducted themselves with great pri>pnety. The unfortunate Ashton had been in a state of insanity since the re- ceipt of the awful warrant for his execution. In the press-yard, he distorted his countenance horribly. Re wa^ the fitih who mounted the scaffold, and ran up the steps with great lapidity : and having gained the summit of the plat- form, began to kick and dance, and often exclaimed, " I'm Lord WeDington. " The Rev. Mr. Cot- ton, who officiated for the first lime as Ordinary, enjoined him to prayer, to which he paid little at- tention, and continued to clap his hands as far as he was permitted by the extent of the cord. Mitchell often invited him to prayer. All that could be done was ineffectual, and it was necessary to have two men to hold him during the awful ceremony. When they released blm for the purpose of the Lord's Prayer being said, he turned round, and began to dance, and vocife- rate, '^ Look at flae, 1 am Lord Wellington.'^ At 20 minutes padt 8 o'clock, the signal was gived and the platform fell. Scarcely, however, had the sufferers dropped, before, to the awe and astonish- ment of every beholder, Ashton rebounded from the rope, and was instantaneously seen dancing near the Ordinary, and crying out very loudly and apparently unhurt, " What do ye think of me, afm I not Lord Wellington now ?" He then danced, clapt his hands, and huzzned. At length the exectr- tioner was compelled to get upon the scaffold, and to push him for- cibly from the place on which he stood. Hague. — His Royal Highness thcT Prince Sovereign of the United Ne« therlnnds, having been recently ap^ pointed a Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, and his Excellency Lord Castlereagh/ and sir Isaac Heard, Garter Kins at arms, having been charged on the part of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Great Bri- tain, acting in the name and on the behalf of the Sovereign, to invest the new Knight with the insignia of the order, this cere^ nriony took place on the 2 2d, in presence of a very considerable assembly, composed of the prin- cipal Functionaries, the Chief OfHcers of the Staff, and the most distinguished of our citizens of both sexes. After the usnal fbrmto had been gone through. Lord Castlereagh, in person, attacbml the garter to the person of the Prince Sovereign, and the Duke of Cambridge decorated his Royal Highness with the ribband of tlie order, and then gave h%n tho salute prescribed by the statutes. The reception of the Heredi* tary 78 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. taiy Prince of Orange^ as Koight ment of a Catholic -Chaplain to of the Order of the fiatb, took the gaol of Newgate in that ci^. place immediately afterwards. The Grand Jury having appoioted 34. Mr. Sadler^ junior^ as- one. Dr. Troy superseded him on cended with his balloon, from a the ground of incompetency : the field called Kettlewell Orchard, former appealed to the Court of adjoining the Cathedral, at York. King's Bench, and were informed The ascension was^a remarkably by the Chief Justice, that if the fine one : the weather which had person they had appointed was not been very stormy during the whole to be found at his post, they moat of the forenoon, cleared up, and proceed to appoint another, and was as calm and favourable as so on. The Grand Jury, however, could be wished. The balloon as- chose to adopt a different course, cended at twenty-one minutes and sent an order to the prison, after one, and was seen with the that no other Catholic Clergyman naked eye from the place of as- should be admitted, except him .cension, for 45 minutes. From the whom Dr. Troy had suspended, ascent to the descent was 63 miles. Extract of a letter from Smyrna, .His descent was near Craike and , dated July 2. — *' The ravages of Easingwold, where he was re- the plague begin to abate. It is ceived by the Rev. Dr. Guise. He calculajed that nearly 30,000 was fortunate in alighting near a Turks have dial of it; about populous and hospitable neigh- 6,000 Greeks, and a third of the hour hood : had he passed the Jewish population, are also sup- black and desolate hills which posed to have perished. The were before him, he might have deaths are now calculated at aoo spent the night unassisted and in per day. Of those attacked a distress. geeat many escape, which is a sigo It appears from returns drawn that the disorder loses its malig- up from the records of the Court nity." of Admiralty, and delivered into 27. Copy of a letter received the House of Commons, that 124 from Captain Williamson, of .the wssels laden with slaves have Brig Mars . — been captured at various times, *' Cove of Cork. — This day at and on ditferent stations, under two p. m. I arrived here in the the Acts for the Abolition of the Orbit, of Liverpool, Capt. Peers, Slave Trade. Almost all of them he having picked me and my ship*s were condemned. The mainte- company up at sea. It is with nance of captured negroes in the heartfelt grief I announce the lost colony of Sierra Leone, for the of the Mars ( by fire) on Thursday year 18 13, cost this country night the 25th instant, Waterford 4,0391. Of these negroes, 42$ hearing N. N. £. about 6 leagues had been enlisted in the Royal distance. While sitting .in the African corps. cabin with Mr. Kelsey (passenger) 25. A contest has lately arisen the Mate came down at nine between the Grand Jury and Dr. o clock, and said there was a strong Troy, the Catholic Archbishop of smell of fire ; I instantly went on Dublin, relative to the appoint- deck, and found the watch that wa CHRONICLE. 79 WAS in the forecastle bad cooae upon deck aknost suiibcated, and St that time I here was no smoke fnim anj other part of the vessel. We immediately began throwiog water down the forecastle, and cutting a hole in the deck, to try if we coujd find where the fire was, when the smoke issued from the steerage in such volumes that we weie all likely to be suffocated, and could scarcely see one another pa deck. I concluded the fire mas4 be in the main hold, and immediately ordered the boats to be got oat, and to break the malo batches open, to see if we could find tbe fire there, as it was im- poifible for any person to go below in the steerage or forecastle ', and Mich was the rapidity of the flames, that before we could get the long l>oat out^ they were issuing six feet high through the main hatch- way i and it was with the great- est difficulty we succeeded in getting the boat out over the side, as the vessel was in a few minutes after in flames from the fore hatchway to the cabin doors. It is impossible for me to de- scribe the horrors of the sight of the vessel, and the frantic state of the female passengers. There was no ti ne to get water, provisions, or any thing in the boat 5 and had not Providence thrown a vessel in our way, we must have been turned on the sea without any sustenance, some without cover- ing, in an open boat. The Orbit, Captain Peers, of Liverpool, hove in sight, and seeing our distressed situation, immediately hove to, and took us on board, it then being about ten o'clock. The at- tention of Captain Peers and pas- ■engers to etery individual merits my most sincere thanks. lo call- ing tbe people by tboir oaDaea bo- fore quitting the vessel, I £ouii4 there was one missing, aod judged he might be in the forecastle, try- ing to get some of his clothes, a£d not able to^ get up again on aocooByt of the smoke. One of the mea^ at tbe risk of bis life, went down and found bim, made a rope &U round him, and he was hauled upu We succeeded in bringing him to life on board tbe Orbit. By who( Qoeans the vessel took fire, God only knows, as there bad been so light either in the forecastle cr steerage^ and do fire in either of those places until after it bioko through the main hatchway : and for any person to have communi- cation with tbe bold was impoti* sible, without being known, as tbe vessel was bulk-beaded up fijie and afl" A melancholy accident happen^ ed lately at Hepburn CoUierp, Newcastle. Elias Mould, undcr^ viewer, had descended one of tbe pits to change the course of tbe air for ventilation, when the pit firad^ and himself and ten others were unfortunately burnt to death. 28. Yesterday evening, shortly after seven o'clock, a fire broke forth in the mustard mi Us of Messrs. Lingard and Jones in Southwark, near the bank of the Thames, aod a little to the south-west of St. Sar viour s, or St. Mary Overy*s Church, and \^ithin a few buildings to tbe west of St. Mary Overy's Dock, which created for some hours a dreadful alarm throughout tbe neighbourhood. As the dusk of the evening increased^ tbe sky be- came more and more reddened by tiie blaze, which was apparent £or miles round. It being Sunday even- big. S(i ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814 ing, when alooost every bodj was firit tbe fire appeared toe disengaged, tbe crowds that flock- ceHfein buildings; bntafle ed to all places whence any view of it gained a dreadful rapid it could be obtained were immense, assumed amokt tbreatenit)| As tbe fire raged with great forjf^ ance. Unfortunately; w its brightneli produced the most fire was first discovered Strikingly picturesique and magnifi- nearly low tvatef, and ou cent effect. Bankside, Thames- floating engines, which wa street, the Quays, and more par- below London-Bridge, o ticulnrly London and Blackfnari be worked up against tbe Bridges were thronged With spec- it was near nine o'clock tators. llie latter were rendered could be brought into actioi scarcely passable. Besides the impe- it was only a minute and diments which the multitudes pre- afler it came in front of th aented, numbers of carriages were fore it began to pour stationed upon them, filled and co^ showers, at the rate of a vered with people, eager to witness minute. The extensive this unfortunate but snperb spec- of Messrs. Lingardand Jo tacle. The mass of warehouses and the first which were der other commercial buildings involv- The fire, in a few minute ed in flames, lighted up, in the got to a considerable head darkness of the night, the monu<> warehooses, was seen tO c ment, the dome of St Paul's, the horrific approach both W spires and towers of the churches continued to spread each ^ of the metropolis, and the bridges, equni fury till it reached vi^ith an effect before which our warehouses of Messrs. 1 most brilliant illuminations, or the Steele, which, fortunate! most splendid scenes of the theatre, a new and very substant are as nothing. The reflection on tion, with a very thick pa the water was particularly fine, prevented the flames frona The river was almost covered with ing themselves further i boats of all descriptions, to such a and saved not only tho degree as, in some views, almost houses, which were full to hide even the sparklings and belongini; to that compan flashes with which the splendour of great many others beiwe the light decorated the ripplini^s and London-Bridge, wh and undulations of the stream. On they caught fire, mast ba the l>ank opposite to the burning tably shared the same fa buildings, tbe effects of the intense Hammock's com wardi< heat were sensibly felt. The ap- which were immense qus pearance of London-Bridge was various kinds of grain, ao extremely peculiar. While bun- portion of fine old beans, i dreds were looking through the of Mr. Resden, which balustrades, numbers also seated them, were ail burnt to thi themselves on the top of them, or Messrs. Clark and My< On the entablature beneath them, warehouses, and those and all seemed to preserve a sort of Evans (in the same line)i silent attention to the awful pro- next. Messrs. Ball ani gress of (he devouring flames. At iroofoundry^ Mr, Ajn CHRONICLE. 81 i^aTcijouscs, part of the premises GeloDgiog to an eminent dyer, and a great deal of stabling belonging (o Tiiell and Steel, were totally consumed. Several of the ware- bouses neslr the river side np-' pear still to contaiii a volcano of Are within theni, as their walls were not consumed within three or four feet of the foundation ; and the engines are how playing upoil this burning and thickly Smoking pile of mins, and on tlie desolated walls stiU remaining of the adjoining Couses. On viewing the extensive scene of devastation i^hich this frightful chasm presents, it is a source of consolation to learn, that after the most minute inquifies, it cooM not be found that a single life had been lost, or even that any material ac- cident had occurred to any one ^ho endeavoured to assist the suf- ferers. About eight o'clock in the even- ing, a horrid assassination wa^ perpetrated near Springfield, Ire- land. As Bryan 0*Reilly, Esq. of Ryefield, county of Cavsil, wds ri^ng into town, for the purpose of receivitig rents, as agent to Mrs. Talbot, on the following day at the fair, he was murdered by a dis- ehanc fVom a pistol, the ball from whidi wetit completely through his body. It appeared on the in- t)uest, which was immedinftely held 00 the bbdy> that the assarsin was observed, a short time previous to the perpetration of the deed, lead- Tng a horse immediately after the dcD^ased^ wbich he mounted on committing the act, and galloped in towards town, announcing to several people whom he met on the way, that " there was a man mur- dered on the road V\ On reaching the Canal Bridge, he pursued his Vot/LVI. retreat along the bank of the canal^ and tberel>y effected his escape. The fatal instrument (a dragoon pistol) was found a few yards frorh the body. The Clievaiier Dubos, sub-pre- fect of St. Denis, had the honour to present to the king a tablette^i upon which were fixed ^wo teeth of Henry IV. the whole of bis mustachio, and some of the lined which had been wrapped round his bodv. These precious relict were collected at the period of the profanation of the tombs, by thci late Sieor Deiiingy, then messengei^ of the abbey, who preserved theol at the peril of his life. They re^ mained until now in the hands o^ his widow, who had long hoped for the happiness of restoring them to the family of onr sovereigns. Upon the same tablettc were fixed 3 teeth of the marshal de Turenne. 31. The following is an extract fVom a pitper published at Rome under the authority of the Papal government : RoMB, Aug. 15, 1814.— "The Holy Father, wishing to reward the conduct of Lucien Buonaparte, and desirous of giving him a new proof of his good will, has raised him to the rank of a Roman Prince. His Holiness has issued an order to that efliect, highly honourable> by which the possession of the Ca* nino, situated upon the frotitiers of £truria, is confirmed and rati- fied, and the right of possession made hereditary in his male heirs. Lucien Buonaparte had purchased this valuable property eight years ago of the A postolicCh amber, when he was exiled from France, and sought a rcfiige in Rome. Every one here has seen this illustrious personage receive this reward of- his virtue at the hands of the head G of 82 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. of the church, with the liveliest latufaction. He is frequently ad- ikiitted at private audiences with the Holy Father, and is orcnpicd with preparing for the press bis grand poem of Charlemagne, which will appear in January 1815. It is dedicated to the Holy Father." The number of French prisoners who have been sent to France since the conclusion of the peace exceeds sixty -seven thousand men. It is said that only nineteen conti- nental prisoners of war (who are Poles) now remain in this country. The American prisoners in Eng- land already amount to three thou- sand eight hundred. They are diiefly aeamen. SEPTEMBER. I. A man named Joseph Hack was brought before Mr. Birnio, by Btfay and GofF, on suspicion of having murdered a woman named Jane Ware, on Wednesday even- ing, in the Kent road. This unfortunate wretch, when he was brought up, presented a most shocking and disgusting spec- tacle, having, after the commis- iicMi of the horrid crime, attempted to pat a period to his own exist- eoce, by cutting his throat. The circumstances attending this dreadful occurrence, as detaikd in •videnoet were as follows :— - Mr. Richard Mister, of Ber- moDcUcy-strcet^stated, that he was walking in the Kent road on Wed- liesday evening, about eight o clock, when his attention was attracted by a noise be heard in a field adjoin- |iM( the road: beimm(*diatdyjump. «4 across the ditch into the field -, and, lying near the spot, he disco- vered an in&nt covered with blood j at a little distance from the spot, he saw a man lying on his back on the ground ; he took up the infant, and ran to the man : on bis ap« proach, the man lifted np his head, and the witness perceived his throat was cut. At this tiine some other persons came np ; the witness gave the child to one of them, and knelt down and raised up the head of the wounded man» at tlie same time attempting to stop the wound in his throat with his hand : he succeeded so far, that the man recovered considerably, and a paper and pencil being given to him, he WTote as follows :— •* I five you my direction, — my dear ane Ware is my true friend, — I have a key in my pocket which I will give you." Several persons had come up by this time, a hack- ney-coach was procured,into which the wounded man was put, and conveyed to Guy s Hospital. Josiah Sbergold, the officer, stated, that having heard a woman had been murdered in the Kent«- road, he went to the place, and arrived at the spot whilst the last witness was supporting the wound- ed man, who was the prisoner Jo- seph Hack. About 6fty yards from the spot where Hack was lying, the witness discovered Jane Ware lying quite dead; her throat being cut so deeply that the head was nearly severed from the body. The witness afterwards returned to the spot where Hack was, and assisted in conveying him to a hackney- coach, and also accompanied blra to the hospital. In his way thither he wrote with a pencil on' a piece of paper, " J am not so bad as you think for, — you hurt nier— Jane Ware lodges" it No. IJ, NoifoLk«» street, Union-street.*' Mr. Johp Hobertf^. one of the dieflsers CHRONICLE. 83 ^reMcn of the hospital^ stated, that the prisoner was brought to the hospital with a wound in his throat which the witness sewed up in the usual manner; and as far as he could judge, there was no danger whatever to be apprehended, as re- inpected the prisoner's life, from it. This opinion being corroborated by that of other professional gentle- men, the prisoner was brought be- fore Mr. Bimie, and underwent an examination : from the office he ^^as taken to Horsemonger-Iane ; but had not been long there, when he suddenly expired. He was a married man, and left behind him a wife and five infant children unprovided for. He was a journeyman carpen- ter by trade, and had cohabited with the nnfortunate woman, who lias thus ftUen a victim to his pas- iBtons. She had had twins by him. 'From letters found in his and her -possession, it appears he was fond of her to an extreme, and his con- duct can only be supposed the le- •sult of momentary madness. As Dr. Saunders, of Blundeston, •Sefiblk, was shooting on the pre- mises of Thomas Fowler, Esq a dog which he was caressing for bringing him a bird touched his gfin, which was on the ful] cock, and shot him under the arm : he ^^ 84 ANNUAL: R£ e t S T £ R, i gi4. the deceased^ w^o was put tabed; the continued in her senses till her death, which was at hatf-past nine o'clock on Monday evening, being 24 hours after the accident happen- ed. Ihe deceased was much burnt about tbe mouth, breast, right shoulder, arm, and one leg; she supposed tbe accident must happen by the snuff of tbe candle falling on the skirt of her gown, as &he was on her knees. 8. As a poor woman of Up- pingham was, with her son, ga- thering nuts in a small wood, called Holyoak Spenney, about four miles from thit place, the boy perceived part of an earthen vessel . emerging from the bed of a small stream, which, on examination, proved to be a Roman vase, tilled with silver coins of the Emperor Valentinian,Valens, Gratian, Theo- doiius, and Maximinus. The coins are, consequently, from 1430 to 1450 years old, and tbe whole are in most excellent preservation. 9. This night, at half-past 7 o'clock, the large machinery work of Mr. Dunn, of John -street, Glas- gow, was discovered to be on fire. The flamrs originated in the second story, and in a few minutes tbe whole building was in a state of .conflagration. Before ttn scarcely any part of the house was standing. The progress of tbe fire was so quickj that there never was any hope of its extinction. We have not heard of any perFons being hurt. The premises were insured; thii work was burnt down in 1S05; there were employed in it neaily ICO men and boys. 10. Colonel Thornton entered Rouen with his famous pack of hounds. He mtis attended by a number of English gentlemen on ' hantera , and the iK>veity • sight attracted much notic drew thousands out to wita , 13. Newcastle.— On h 8e*nnight a melancholy an happened on the Kenton w way, near this town. A woman named Margaret E in service at Shields, daugl a waggonman at Coxlod^e o . had leave to visit her paren returning, she and another ^ seated themselves on a boa hind her father's loaded cof gon, to ride to the Shields I pike, over which the wagg< passes. Near East Benton, gon which followed them a distance, ran amain, and th< posing it might be stopped it reached them, did not mc It came too near, when M SOD, in endeavouring to escaj fortunately slipped and fel her neck across the cast met and the sharp metal wheels s her head from her body, other bad her foot severely ci 15. About thirty-five n past one o'clock, Mr. Sadlei ascended with the grand I from Pontefract, accompai Miss Thompson. Ihe aev took a directk)n due noi about ten minutes, and afte moved north-east for aboc an hour, when they gradua sccnded near Gr instead- hall, returned to Pontefract in the ing. 16. Phiiie, — The day yesterday a fire broke out Mont Saint Beriurd bhsp « line, whicli lay at anchor in ( ner can.)) of the Arsenal, flames immediately spread t ther ship of the linr^ the ( licne, which lay close to iL CHRaNICLE. 83 tner. Every attempt to stop the progress of the conflagraticH) proved ineffectual, and those two fioe ships were for the greatest part consum- ed. The Piave frigate, wlK)se bow* sprit bad taloen fire, and all the other vessels which were in the vicinity, were saved. Many per- sons were immediately apprehend- ed, for the purpose of discovering whether this misfortune was not wilfully occasioned . The damage is estimated at three millions of francs. 17. A most melancholy acci- dent oGCorred on the lurnpike-road between Faringdon and Wantage, Berks. Mr. Spicer, a farmer, re- siding nt Goosey, had loaded a wag- gon with cheese for Wantage, and bis wife embraced the opportunity of riding on the waggon to that place : having arrived opposite the farm, called Garlands, th^y were overtaken by some, men, with a namt>er of loose colts, returning from Leachtade fair; these, in passing, divided on each side of the waggon, and thereby frightened the horses which were drawing it; in en- deavouring to Slop them, the driver, JobnCombly, was beaten down, and both wheels passf^d over his loins— he expired in a few minutes afters- wards. The horses set off at a full gallop ; the waggon was overturn- ed^ and the cheese falling on Mrs. Spicer, she was killed on the spot. The boy who led the fore horse had a narrow escape, having been knocked down by it, but he fortu- nately succeeded in roiling out of the way of the wheels bemre they passed. An inquest was held on the bodies, when the Jury returned a verdiot of jicclderital Death, 19. TIjc practice of frame- breaking still continues in Netting* • hamshire : — On SuAday^ the iidi. atx)Ut 1 2 o*clock at night, a party of firamc-brcakers, supposed about ao« made a forcible entrance into tliQ house of Thomas Ford, of Basfotd^ ' and demolished 5 valuable frameii from Ford's the depredators pro- ceeded to the bouse of James Smith, in the same parish, where they also demolished five cotton-fi^mes.— After this, the frame-breakers pro- ceeded to the house of Thomas Garton, of New Basford, where six frames were broken. One person only has as yet been apprehended, supposed to be concerned in the above transaction. The Magi- strates of Nottingham have ordemi a nightly parade of the military, headed by poJice-ofHctrs, as pre« ventive of the crime. A shocking accident happened near the Grobo wen, Oswestry : Ro- bert Jones, a labourer, having gone down into a well for the purpoie of cleaning it, when he reached the bottom, the brickwork gave way, and he was buried under a mass of brick and rubbish, about 7 yards datp. In expectation that he was suffocated, no active and continued endeavours were made for the re- covery of the corpse. The work, therefore, of getting the rubbisli out of the well, went on but slow* ly, until Wednesday, when some exprrlenced colliers came from Chirk, and worked till night. On Thursday morning, about ten o'clock, they were astonished by the voice of the unhappy sufferer, from the bottom of the well.- Im- mediately the greatest exertions were made to get him taken oat. At three in the afternoon, they had so far cleared the well as to be able to reach the man*8 face, and to ad- minister, under a surgeon's dneo- tion. 96 ANNUAL HEGISTER, 1814. tion^ a small quantity of warm wa- ter gruel: — but it was not till Ikbout three o'clock on Friday, that jthey could clear all thq rubbish . from about his head -, nor until the )>oor man had expired about half in hour j so that twelve hours had elapsed from the time that they pve food to the unfortunate suffer- er before they could clear the rub- bish from his head. In the neigbbourhpod of Ux- bridge. an engine was tried against •ome fir trees. The experiments were curious. It is intended to be used against ships ; one discharge will cripple any ves^sel under weigh, by instantly burning the ropes, sails, &c. Two globes of fire were ^hot at a tall tree at several hundred yards distance, to which they clung, and burnt with great fury ; on the Sth discharge, the bursting of the engine delayed the completion of the experiments. . It is stated in an Irish paper, that on the Courtney estates, which bave been recently much improved, a reduction is directed to be made fjf 2$ per cent, on the rents of such fiu'ms as have been let within thQ last four or five years. ao. An inquest was held last week, at Stonehouse, on the body of Thomas Cowans, a seaman on board the Salvador, who had made a bet he would go up and stand on the truck at the main-top-royal- mast-head, which he had efiected about half-past seven o'clock in the evening; but on attempting to come down> by holding only with his hands on a rope called the top-gal- lant badc*stay, he came down so iwiftly that he could not keep his bold, and fell from just under the main-top on the larboard side of Ibe 4^Gkj| on his &Ge, ^uite insensi- ble; the blood gushed out irotn bit mouth and ear8,and oneofhis thighs was fractured: he languished till about one o'clock in the morning, when he died. — Verdict^ Jcdden" tal Death. An unfortunate accident hap- pened to a river sloop, called the Commerce of Boston, laden with 121 packs of wool from Spalding to Leeds or Wakefield, while lying at anchor upon Thorp's Sand, in the river Humber. The crew were all asleep on board, when they were alarn^ed about five in the morning, by some fishermen calling out that the vessel was on fire ; and it was with much difificulty that the men escaped with their lives, as they had to pass through the flames wrapped up in blankets : the mas* ter was much burned, but likely to recover; the others were slightly injured. The ship was bnmeid to the water's edge : only a small part of the cargo was saved. The loss is estimated at 3,oool. 22. An information was exhi- bited by Patrick Fitzsimmons and another custom house ofiicer^ against two dress* makers, in the neighbourhood of St. JamesV street, for knowingly having in possession two pieces of silk crape Bandanna handkerchiefs, bemg fo- reign manufacture, and prohibited within this kingdom, and seized on the 13th inst. The facts being pro?* ed, the solicitor for the ladies stated^ that the articles had been sent them to make op by ladies of the first distinction, and that they bad nei- ther the power nor opportunity at all times to refuse receiving them. The Magistrate said, he must con- vict in treble the value of the goods, besides their forfeiture; bat be ad- vised the young ladies to place the pcnillty CHRONICLE. 87 fenaJty to the account of those ibolish women of the " Arnt dis- .tioctlon/* to whom the things seiz- ed belonged ; and he would under- take to answer for the account be- ing paid without any further ques- tion.— Conviction entered accord- ingly. . An inquest was a few dayssinre held on the body of a female ser- vant in the family of the Rev. Mr. B. residing near fiillericay, who expired suddenly in the night un- der the following circumstances : — The family was absent from home, and the deceased was left in care of the house. She had re- quested the daughter of a neigh* bouriog cottager to sleep with her; bat on the night on which she died she complained of illness, and said she would sleep by herself, desiring the girl to sleep in an adjoining room. In the course of the night, the girl was disturbed by the crying of a child, and called out to her companion, who said it was only ^ncj. She went to sleep again, and was soon after disturbed by the deoeaaed coming into bed with her, and the, at the same time, again thought she heard the crying of an infant. The deceased, however, said it was merely the bleating of ibeep under the window, and that she bad heard it several times. She desired the girl would go down stairs and make her somr thing warm, aa slie felt herself extremely un- well. The girl went down stairs to do as she was desired^ and on re- turningfbund her companion nf*arly expiring. She immediately called for assistance firom a neighbouring cottage ', a doctor was sent for, and 00. hb arrival it was found that she had delivered herself of an infant : she lived but a few minutes after the discovery. On searchinflr the room where she slept, a dead io* fant was found in a i&ul clothes bag» and on examining it marks of vio:- lence were discovered on its thrpal* It is conjectured the unhappy wo* man had got out of bed whilst tb^ girl was gone dowg stairs^ a^^i fearful of the child's discov^eriog itself by its cries had destroyed it. Suspicions had been entertained of her pregnancy, but she positiveljr denied it. The Jury returned a verdict o( Wilful Murder y as re* lated to the child; and. Died ly the Visitation of God, as respected the woman; Extract of a letter from Gibral- tar, dated 25 th of September^ 1 8 14 : — " The first symptoms of the dreadful fever now raging bert . were discovered on the 16th olC* when two Italians died of it. No precautions were taken until the 1 8th, when the places of publie worship were closed by a circular order from the Commander in Chief, and foul bills of health im* ed. On the 23d, these precautiona were dropped, the churches order* ed to be opened, and clean bills of health issued. Cases of the ftsver^ however, continued to occur; and on the 2d inst. finding the conta* gion to spread very much, the or^ dcr was renewed for shutting ike churches, which, with the issuing of foul bills of healths has conti^ nued ever since, although thecoma munication between the town and port is still preserved. Rear-Ad* miral Fleming, who bad returned from Cadiz on the iStb ult. left this bay on. the following day« and has continued ever since with hla squadron at Algesiras, where all fea^ sels of wa r coming in repair^ and eon* voys collect. The Spanish Com* mandaot B8 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. pnandant pf tl^e Camp of Qibral- l9r placed his cordon^ and cut off all pommunicatiops with this gaiTison> on the afternoon of the ^Qth of August^ The following are thp pase3 of fever and deaths^ since the iSth ult :— l8th Aug. to 2d Sep. 42 cases, 14 deaths. sd Sept. to 9th Sep. 43 ditto, i6 ditto. 10th— to iiuh— 70 diito, as ditto. These do nut include the Military. )7th to 93d, including what^2g3 cases, remained on i6ih J 41 deaths. This last report includes the Mihtarj-, in which were 136 cases, and 1 7 deaths. Ektract pf a letter from Cadiz, dated September 27, 1814: — "I regret having to acquaint you, that the epidemical distemper has made its appearance here within these few days, and bills of health were Issued to-day expressing the fact." Eight thousand troops, destined for an expedition to South America, and which were about to be em- barked, have been just marched out of the town. 26, A steam engine is said to have been recently sent from this country, for the purpose of draining the mines of Pasco, in Peru* which had for some time past been ren- dered wholly unproductive by in- undations. The engine was ac- companied by some intelligent mi- ners from Cornwall, by mechanics versed in the erection and employ^ ment of the machinery, and by triple sets of all the implements necessary to it. t Yesterday week, being what ip called Dutch Sunday, wa$ observed $t Yarmouth, by the arrival of schuyts from Holland, previous to their going a fishing. It being 20 years since the day was last kept for this occasion, it attracted u nu- merous auemblage of visitors frooi fbe neigh boorhoQd. s8. A letter froip Porip Fcir- rajo gives some details relative to Buonaparte. His residence con- sists of two adjoining bonsca two stories high. Two sentinels are at the gate. Jhe interior is elegant. The saloon can hold 100 persons. —He sleeps little, rises early, tires out two or three horses, and is engaged in his cabinet till bte at night. He is in good health, but neglects his dress sometimes sp as to have the air of a private sol- dier. To give a proof of his feel- ings towards the Bourbons, he had crosses enamelled in white and blue, with this legend— P/edj^e cf Peace, Live the King ! f f This decoration is given to those who quit his service to return to France. 30. The oldest Jesuit in the world is at present living at Peru- gia, in the States of the Church; This is Father Albert de Montauro. He is 1 26 years of age, and took (he vows of his or^er on tl)e zd of Februar)-, 1724. Mr. Sadler ascended in a balloca from the Parsonage- ground, at Doncaster, at 35 minutes past one. The day was tine and the assem-^ blage numerous. The balloon took a westerly direction, and fre- quently disappeared behind the clouds. He descended at Billing* ley-green, near Barnsley, and re- turned to DcHicaster at half past ni()e at night. llierecned at Comtantinople, in this mcipth, of the plague, Solomon Lipman Begeinder, soppawd to be one of the most wealthy Jews in the Turkish dominions. He was a great favourite with the late and present Sovereign, to both of whom he acted as banker and ^mner of the revenue. l)uriog the vitier- ship of Mnstapha Bairaeiar, fae made him a pltcscift of goki and CHRONICLE. S§ ^wtli rqual to 150,000]. sterling, for his protection. In consequence of tfae tumults which took place on the downfal of that Chieftain, his house was plundered by the popu- lace, and his loss was estimated at half a million. During a penod of scarcFty, 8,000 of his countrymen owed their support entirely to his boonty. His immense wealth has, since his death, been seized by the Ottoman Porte, for its own use. OCTOBER. 2- Vtema. — ^The day of the so iong^-^ished-for Congress having at last arrived, it was thought th^t a solemn service would have taken place in thie church of Sr. Stephen ; but no order to diat effect has yet been gii'en^ and nothing indicates the precise day when the Congress will open. It is impossible to convey an idea of the bustle which prevails in and about the palace. Multitudes are collected to see the Sovereigns, who are coming and going every mo- ment ; the dnims beat, the troops are under arms; the people, on foot, on horseback, and in car- riagei,jostle each other in alldirec- llous. The Ministers hitherto most conspicuous are, MM. Metter- nich, Ncsselrode, Hardenberg, an4 Castiereagh. The imperial palace is at present inhabited by two Emperors, two Empresses, four Kings, and a Queen j twa hereditary Princes, the one imperial, the other royal ; two Grand Ducliesscs, and two Princes. The whole of the build- ing forms arectangled parallelo- gram :' on one of the great sides is the palace, properly so called, and on Uie other opposite to it are the ^ildin^s for^be Couqcil of 8ttfte^ Src; the Amelia and Swiss palacey form the wings. The Emperor and Empress of Russ'a inhabit the se- cond story of the Amelia palace^ and the King of Wurtcraberg the first $ the King and Queen of Ba- varia, with the Princes their sons, and the Grand Duchess ofWey- mar, occupy the Council buildings; the King of Denmark inhabits that part of the Swiss palace which looks towards the bastions, and the King of Prussia that which" faces the city; the Hereditary Prince of Prussia lodges with him ; the Em- peror and Empress of Austria, with the Grand Duchess of Oidenburgb, and the Hereditary Prince of Aus^ tria, occupy what is properly called the Palace. The young Archdukes and Archduchess are at SchoeQ* brunn. 3. A Gentleman from the £a^ Indies, who lately arrived here« presented a Lady of this city with a little African negro boy, about nine or ten years of age, whom he humanely preserved from being destroyed by a slave merchant \ it appears that among many slaves which were offered for sale by the Captain of a slave-ship, this black infant was one \ but not being able to procure a purchaser, he took the child up by the leg and arm to throw him into the ocean, and when in the very act, the above gentleman interposed, and agreed to give some consideration; tht boy is very tractable, has a good capacity, and a retentive memory^ ^(Exeter Paper,) 5. Yesterday afternoon, a most atrocious murder was committed on Elizabeth Dobbins, a poor washerwoman residing at Millfield Farm, MiUfic^ld -^ )ane« Kentish- town. ^boqt t))rec o*clock| James Dob^ 90 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. \Ans, the husband of the deceased, aod a turncock of St. Pancras, re- turned home from his work. On entering a room on the ground floor, be discovered his wife lying on the floor ; at a short distance from her he perceived a kitchen poker, which was considerably bent, and covered with blood, hav- iDg evidently been the instrument With which the wound on his wife bad been inflicted. The wretched man immediately lifted up bis wife, and placed her on a chair. On ex- amining her head, he found it laid ppeo from her right eye to the l^fick: the skull fractured dread- fully. Life was still remaining, but little hopes of recovery could be entertained. He went out to procure assistance, and found a man in the custody of James Ceel, from whom he learnt they had taken him in a field near the spot, belonging to Mr. Thomas Green- wood, on suspicion of having htoleu %vro bundles which he had in bis possession. Dobbins communi- cated the horrid scene he had dis- covered in his own house, and it was concluded that the prisoner was the murderer. They conveyed bim before Mr. Ivers, magistrate, in Kentish town, who having in- vestigated the circumstances, com- mitted him to prison. This man, named Thomas Sharpe, was tried for the murder at the next Old Bailey Sessions, convicted, and executed in the following week. 8. Rotterdam, Thie river Maase presented this day again a very interesting scene for the inha- bitants of tliis city, which they have not enjoyed for many years, and which filled the heart of each true Hollander with inexpressible joy and gratitude. The beautiful Dutch built frigate Maase Rotten Stroom, conunand^ by Captain Frans. Bremer, lying ready to sail to Batavia, and anchored before this city, according to the ancient custom of this country, a dinner was given on board of her this day; biut this being tbe drst ship nncfs we became a nation again, under the reign of a long wished- for Prince, and the ship being on the eve of her departure on sncb an interesting expedition, tlie own* ers, of course, wished the enter* taintuent to be suitable to the oc- casion. Amongst those invited were the Admiral Kikkert, the Commissary of the Departnoent^ one of thr Burgomasters, some of the Members of the Chamber of Commerce and Navigation, and other rrspectablc merchants. At two o'clock this highly respectable company was conveyed on board the frigate by the sloops belonging to her, and a fine yacht } and Mrere received on board (Orange and Dutch colours flying, a dischaiig* of the cannon, and a band playing), by the principal owner and book- keeper, A. Van Hoboken, Esq. — At the dinner some toasts were drank; amongst which the fol- lowing were given by Vice Admi- ral Kikkert : — '* Our beloved Sovereign." — « The Princely Family." " All our august Allies.'* " AH those, in hi^h authority in - our State."— "Municipality of Rotterdam.** The President of Commerce gave the following — '* May the English Government shew their friendship for our be- loved Sovereign by a spepdy resto- ration of our Colonies; and may the esteem which the Dutch have always ft-lt for this old Ally rise to the highest pitch.** 9. A boat, containing ninenn- fortunate CHRONICLE. 91 fDrlmiite pteople, was swaiiipe4 betwceo Raoisgate and Calais, vJien every soul perished : the jpdividfuds consisted of four wo- fluen* the rest men (the whole French,) who had brought over, about three weeks since, fruil and yegetables. Soon after their ar-r ri\'al, the officer of the customs proceeded to examine the vessel, and discovered, under the gun- wale, a qnantitj of Valenciennes lace ; the boat (a remarkably fine jawl) was confiscated. Since that period, they have been wandering about the inland. On Sunday morning, a Flemish fisherman, taking pity on their situation, un- dertook to carry them over in a small boat, which would not live io any sea. They all embarked, in a fresh gale, and were in- gulfed before they had got half way over. ID. A fire broke out this morn< iog at two o'clock, in High-street^ Shad well, opposite the Police- office. It commenced in the hoQse of Mr. Andrews, a haber- dasher, and communicated to the adjoining houses, from whence it spread with irresistible fury to others, until twenty dwellings were consumed ; and from the rapidity of the flames, a very small part of the property, which principally belonged to poor per- sons, could be saved. The ser- vant lad of Mr. Andrews, but for the providential aid of a ladder, must have perished. Two hours dapscd before water could be ob- tained. The houses on the op- posite aide of the street were pre- sorred with difficulty. Many of tbem were considerably injured; and bat for the extraordinary ac- tivity of the watermen, the Police- pffioe most tiaye baen burnt to the ground. Mr. Afidie^s, whose stock was extensive, is aiid to be insured to the anumnt of a,oool. Many of the other sufferers wei^ not so fortunate. II. This morning the family of the Hon. Mr. Herbert, at Mitcbam, were alarmed by the report of a spring-gun, which had been placed in the garden, (and of which the regular notice had been given) : the servants, on repairing to the spot, found a man lying a few yards distant, lifclesrs ; he was discovered to be an old offi^nder, who, only a few days before, had been detected, by a similar report, in another gentleman's garden, and then only a few shot being lodged in his legs, be was, under the idea of this circumstance being a sufficient caudon, s^t at liberty. 1 3 . The gardener of Mr. Sher- brook, Leignton Buzzard, Bed* fordshire, suffered a melancholy death. Mr. S. had frequently previous had his pinery robbed, and on Thursday night the gar- dener determined to sit up and watch; he accordingly posted himself in the green-hoiise, with a loaded fowling* piece, where it is supposed he fell asleep, and in the morning was found dead on the ground, with all the appear- ance of suffocation, evidently oc» casioncd by the discharge of me- phitic gas from the plants during the night. 15. An anniversary service was performed in the chapel of the Thuilleries for her late Majesty Marie Antoinette, Queen of France. The King, the Royal Family, and the whole Court at- tended. The King was in bis pcw^ with a crape round bis arm. The 92 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. The Duke of Angouleme was on the right of his Majesty, and the Duke of Berry on his left. The Duchess of Angouleme, dressed in mourning, went- down into the in- terior of the chapel, and placed herself in the choir opposite the officiating clergyman. Among the persons present were remarked jeight or ten bishops, almost all of whom have lately returned to France, and several of the King's almoners. All the persons be- longing to the Court were in full mourning.' Mass wa^j performed \)y M. de Vintimille, Bishop of Carcassonne. Extract of a Letter from Bear Haven. — In consequence of a severe gale coming on, on the loth instant, the fleet under con- voy of the Sultan, 74, was di- rected to put into' Bear Haven : the Baring transport, a fine ship, upwards of 700 tons, having on board 1 8 officers and more than 300 men of the 4otb regiment, under the command of Major Sheiton, lay to for a pilot off the mouth of the haven, but so near to the rocks, that she drove upon them on the left side of the en- trance, and after striking several timesj lost her rudder : she then became unmanageable, drifted across the haven, and struck on the rocks on Bear Island, carry- ing away her bowsprit. Through the exertions of the officers, the men were kept below, until the water was ancle deep on the de^rk; every endeavour was then used to gee them on shore, as the ship was found to be sinking fast; in the confusion many of tbem jumped overboard, there being no boats near, and several were unfortunately drowned ^ 18 or 30 are at this time dnissing, but I hope some of them tnay yet be found upon the island. Fruit) the vessel filling so fast, and Tbe exer* tlons of every officer being re- quired in saving the men, it was impossible for them to recover any part of their baggage 3 they have lost almost every thing, and many of the men are in a statp of naked- ness. 17. By letters received from Nottingham, we learn that the outrages of those deluded people culled Luddites still continue. A few weeks ago a man of tbe name of Towle, of New Basford, was fully committed for frame-break- ing, upon the evidence of Mr. Garton of that place, and was to take his -trial at the quarter ses- sions. Aware that tbe evidence of Mr. Garton could not fail to bring their accomplice to condign punishment, the Luddites formed the horrid resolution of murder- ing him. With this view, on Fri- day night Inst, a number of them assembled about 9 o'clock. For- tunately Mr. Garton had received previous intimation of their inten- tions, and had made application to the Magistrates, who furnished him' with a guard of constables. On arriving at Mr. Gar ton's house, they eagerly inquired for hira, and swore they came to do for him ', and by way of intimidation, fired several times, but wirhoot doing py mischief. On forcing their way into the parlour, where the constables were waiting fcr them, tbe Luddite ringleader re- ceived a shot in his bead, and dropped down dead on the spot. He proved to be a Nottingham man, named Boamford, and had lately returned from sea. The Doise CHRONICLfi. 93 hoiie bronght many of the neigb- boors to the doors and windows : - amoogst the rest was Mr. Gilby, who was .immediately shot dead by the ruffians, in revenge, as it is supposod, for the death of Boamford. Such confusion pre- raiied at the time, that the villains escaped, although a great assem- blage of people were present.- The o(-i^hbourhood of St. Giles-'s was thrown into the utmost con^ sternation, by one of the most ex- iraordinary accidents ever remem- bered. About six o'clock in the evening, one of the vats in the extensive premi>e.*i of Messrs. Henry Menji and Co., in Banbury* street, St. Giles's, burst, and in a moment New-street, George? , street, and several others in the vicinity, were deluged with the content5« amounticg to 3,500 bar- rels of strong beer. The fluid, in its course, swept every thing be- fore it. Two houses in New- itreet, adjoining the bre\^ house, were totally demolished. The in- habitants, who were of the poorer class, were all at home. In the first floor of one of them, a mother and daughter were at tea : the mother was killed on the spot ; the daughter was swept away by the current thropgh a partition, sod dashed to pieces. The back parts of the houses of Mr. Good- win,, poulterer, of Mr. Hawse, Tavistock Arms, and Nos. 24 and 35, in Great Bussel-street, were nearly destroyed. The female ser- vant of the Tavistock Arms was suffocated. Three of Mr. Meux's men employed in the brewery were rescued with great difficulty, by the people collected to afford relief, who bad to wade up to their middle tlirough the' beer. The site of tlie place is lew end flat, and there being no Seclivity to carry off the fluid, in its fall it spread and sunk into the neigh- bouring cellars, all of which were inhabited. The bursting of the brew-house walls, and the fall of heavy tjmber, materially contri- buted to aggravate the mischiefv by forcing the roufs and walls of the adjoining houses. The crowd' collected from* the time of the accident to a late hour was im<' meuse. It presented many dis* tressing scenes of children and others inquiring for and lamenting their parents, relatives, and friendil A great number of workmen were employed the whole of yea-* terday in clearing away the rub^ bish, and the fallowing dead bodies have been found :— Ann Saville, about 35 years of age. Eleanor Cooper, between 15 and 1 6 years of age, servant to Mr. liawse, the Tavistock Arms. Hahnah Bamfield^ a child^ four years- and a half old. Mrs. Butler, a poor Irish woman, her daughter, and grand- daughter, and three others, whos^ names have not been ascertained^ One person has been dug out alive. Two brothers, of the name of Creek, store-bouse clerks, in attempting to save some of the property, were severely hurt. Two other persons are missing from the neighbourhood, whose t)odie8 hjave not yet been found. Many of the cellars on the south side of BnsselU street are completely inundated with beer ; and in some houses the inhabitants had to save themselves from drowning by moonting their highest pieces of furniture. One of the interesting circuoi* btances 94 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Btanocs attending the melancholy event was observable in the anKiacy expressed by fieveral geotlemen who were drawn to the spot to prevent any noise among the erowd, that the persons who were employed in clearing away the rnb^isb, might, in pursuing their work> direct their ears to the groand, in order to discover whe- ther any of their victims were calling for assistaoce- iThe cau- tion and humanity with which the labourers proceeded in their dis- tressing task excited a strong ia- teresty and deserve warm appro- bation. ' 1 8. Fienna,-^The fete given to-day on the occasion of the anniversary of the battle of Leipsic was the finest that has been vet seen. Twenty thousand men were assembled in the morning on the Prater. At eleven in the fore- noon the Emperors, the Kings, and Allied Sovereigns, the Em- presses and Queens, came upon the ground with a ver}' numerous and brilliant suite. The troops having formed an immense square, Te Deufn was channted; after which the troops defiled in pre- sence of their Majesties. The Archduke Constantine was at the head of the regiment of cuiras- siers which bears his name. Dinner wasaerved Up at the same time to the Sovereigns, the Officers, and the troops. The repast even of the troops was sumptuous : the Sovereigns dined in the Villa, at one end of the Prater, and the troops on the field, while more than looyooo spectators were (pov« iog about in every direction. Their Majesties several times ap- peared at the balcony which com- matids the plain as weU as the islands of tfaeDaoube^ and vnxt sainted by uninterrupted acdama* tiona. The Emperor of Roaaia twice drank to the health of the troops and the spectators. The soldiers in the garrisoo of Vienna receive double pay> and the Offi- cers a present of 200 floKns a month. The expenses of the kitchen and cellars of the Palace are aboot one hundred thousand florins a day. 19. The Royal East India brigade paraded for the purpose of re- ceiving the official thanks of both Houses of Parliament ; afler which the three battalions were marched to the India House, to deposit their colours on being disbanded, on which occasion each man re- ceived aos. and his regimentals. 24. A horrid murder was com- mitted near Aitagh Wood in the Barony of West Muskerry, Cork» A farmer named Gallavan and his son, returning from the wood» where they had purchased a horse- load of timber, were attacked by five persons who crossed them in the high road, and who appeared to have lain in waiting for them, three of whom were armed with scythes, set in' handles, like swords: two of them knocked the old man down, and gave him several severe wounds with tbcte murderous weapons, and also with large stones ; and the other three most barbarously butchered the son, who died on the following day. An inquest was held on the body, and one Hogan, a carpenter^ has been identified by old Galla** van, as one ot the perpetrators^ and is in custody. - A sing^ular accident took place at Sutton Bonnington, Notts. It being wake time> a number of young CHRONICLE. $5 young people bad assembled at the Tailors* Arms public-house, to make merry by dancing, &c. when on a sudden the floor fell through, and the whole company disap- peared, with the exception of the fiddler, who kept his station in one comer of the room, with a foun* datjon under him, just sufficient to contain the space of the chair he sat upon. Several of the party got broken legs, fractured sculls, or other injuries. 25. This afternoon, between four and five o'clock, a murder was committed on the body of Mr. William Belsham, cow- keeper, ac Maldoo, Essex, in his own cow- house* about half a mile out of the town. He had gone as usual to milk his cows. A boy, about twelve years of age, went to him to get some milk ; and as he was returning from the cow-house, he met a roan getting over a gate^ who went towards tlie cow-house. Id a abort time after another boy beard a violent noise, and a man*s voice calling for help proceeding from the cow-house ; and soon after, he saw a man come out of fhe cow-house, and walk delibe- rately away. No more noise was beard from the cow-house. A kw minutes after, the boy went JQto the cow-house to ascertain the cause of the noise, when he /oand the deceased had been mur- dered, bis brains being beat out : tbe boy ran for help, and a number of persons came, but the deceased Was quite dead, and, there was no )8tter and mistress, and their ^Idren, and Mrs. Hefferman (Mrs. Fs sister). They placed * guard on the door, and the rest ^^t to the kitchen, where they '^aled themselves, taking care to 'ciHeve the sentries, and give them ^heir share of refreshment. The ^>^hole llieo re-entered the parloao Vo^. LVI. and one of them putting a pistol to Mr. Fs head, demanded his keys and property, promising, if he would give them up fairly, that they would not injure any one. Mr. P. gave th0m his keys, and the villains continued ransacking the bouse for above fire hours, not departing until nearly one o'clock on Wednesday morning. Many of the jewels were valuable, and a great quantity of wearing ap- parel of every description was taken, every thing moveable and wearable that they could convey away. The property lost cannot well be estimated much short of a thousand pounds. They offered no further violence. On rum« maging the drawers, they delib^ rarely rejected several bank re- ceipts of Mr. P., but took the go- vernment debentures and bank- notes } and, upon guess, took also some documents of government stock. One of them left in guard of the family below, while the ransack was making, indulged his taste for music, and trying a couple of flutes, on one of which he played a tune or two, not at all ia the style of a vulgar musician, he gave the preference to that which had four silver keys to it. Com- plaining of being fatigued, and wishing for some liquor, they declined doing any mischief in the cellar, and were satisfied with a glass of good old whiskey. Three only of them were dis- guised. The memory of Bren** nan's gang is pretty recent : and many are living who remember Frcney's. A Cork paper states the fblloT^- ing attack on the Cashel mail :"r- A daring outrage has been com- mitted upon the coacb which iefl H this 98 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. tbU city yc&tcrday for Dublin. — At about twelve o'clock , as the coach was proceeding up a slight ascent, leading to a place called Rockwell, in the barony of Middlethird, and within about three miles of Cashel, St was discovered that the road was blocked up, cars being placed at each side, and a large tree resting upon both. The coach had scarcely arrived at this spot, when two shots were £red, both of which un- happily took eflfect; one upon the coBchman, who received the ball in his breast } and the other on a gentlemnn, the assistant surgeon of the 38th regiment, who sat imme- diately behind htm, and who was shot in the head. Notwithstanding the wounded state of the coach- man, he, with great presence of mind, held his horses in hand, and though the road was very narrow, dexterou'ilv turned them round, and drove back to the last stage he had left. In the mean time one of the guards descended from his seat, and ran to the place whence the shots proceeded, but the miscreants could not be discerned, and al! that remained for him was to fire in that direction, which he did. a. An interesting female pre- sented herself for relief to the Ger- man conJraittee at Baker's CoiFee- house, in consequence, of wounds she receii'ed in the late b.^ttles fought in the cause of Europe against France. She gave un- doubted proofs of her having fought in the ranks in the hard contested actions in the vicinity of Leipsic, where she received several wounds. She was taken to the hospital at Leipsic, where her sex was disco- Tcred. This Amazonian warrior is a German of about twenty-five jrears of age : she served five years m the4iri]ijr. 8. The Prince Regent state to open the session ( ment. At a quarter pasi Royal Highness proceed James's Palace, dressed and gold, with various The procession moved th stjite rooms, and the Prir ed the state coach at hall accompanied by the mas horse and the lord in wai attendants went in four with six horses, precede trumpeters and a kettle-di procession was followed 1 re'gn ambassadors. H Highness's entrance into t of Peers was announced charge of cannon from i beth shore. The Prince Regent ha the promise made by hi university of Gottingen sent to it a copy of ever work of importance ths peared during the last t The fine libraryof Gottioj in possession of this rich lo. A School of Pbysi established in Dublin, prises six professors, viz. tomy. chemistry, and t the foundation of TriniQ called University Profi&si for the theor) and practit dicine and the materia called Kiog*s Professors whom acts in succc&sio months, as clinical lee physician. Sir Patrick endowed a clinical bos a medical library. Stot triculated at Trinity Col certified by the six profis tain in three years a dipl fooling with those grante burgh and Glasgow \ aii class, after longer terms grades, obtain diplomi CHRONICLE. 99 spdkiding with those of Oxford afld Cambridge. IT. At night a fire broke out at the bonseof Mr. Tewson, dealer in marine stores, in Narrow-street, LimehoQse, which for four hours raged with great fury. The fire canght the o[>postte side of the way, and both sides enveloped in flames, continued burning at the same time. It being low water, more than two hours elapsed after the arrival of the engines, before one of them could play. In the whole, sixteen houses, besides se- veral warehouses, were burnt down, among which were the Crown and Rodney's Head public hooses. The ftames w<:re not com- pletely got under till nine in the morning -, and great apprehensions were entertained that ihey would communicate to a sug:ir-baker's in Narrow-street. Fortunately no lives were lost. The fire is suppos- ed to have been occasioned by an apprentice of Mr. Tewsou's going into the rope-lofl with a lighted candle. 12. An inquest was held at the Gerrick*8 Head, Bow-street, on the body of Mr. Andrew Signcy, who died in the passage to the pit of Covent Garden theatre, on the preceding evening. Mr. Dakin ac- conEspBoied the deceased, on Wed-* nesday evening, to the theatre. The deceaaed had been afflicted with an asthmatic complaint some years, and was pressed much by the crowd in passing to the pit. Witness and deceased were separat- ed in the crowd, and as soon as ivitoess taw him after their separa- tion, he was lying on his side appa- rtotly r*feles8. Witness raised him, pot liim into a chair, and procured iMdical aid, but it was ineffectual. Btf ieoiplct were lanced, but Ifh. :y was gone. A surgeon dept)sed> that deceased died in consequence of a spasmodic affection, increased by the pressure of the crowd. Ver- dict-^ Z)ieJ by the Visitatum ijf God. Extract of a Letter from Rome> dated Nov. i6: — ''The 14th of this month will be a memorable day with the society of Jesuits*' The reception of novices then com* " menced, when forty were admits ted. Among these was the eldest son of Marquis Patriza, a new se^ uator of Rome; the son of Marquis Azelio, minister extraordinary fof Sardinia in this city; and twenty priests, the most of whom are pub* lie professors at the university. 29. A violent outrage and rob* bery was committed at the house of Gabriel Fisher, Cherry Mount* in the county of Waterford, withiti four miles of Youghal, on theeven- i ng of the a^th of November, about six o'clock. As Dennis Fisher, soa of the above-mentioned, was le^ turning into his father's house by the back door, he was seized by three men, each armed with two pistols slung in a belt, and a short gun : they, with two more armed in like manner, who now join- ed the former men, immediately wrested a gun from Fisher, which he was then taking into his father's house, and into which they forced themselves with him : when in tbo ' kitchen they asked Fisher where was his father? who replied, he' was in the parlour with his &mily 1 ' on which they rushed into the par- lour, where Mr. and Mrs. Fisher, with twoyoongladies, their danghv ters^ and two of their grandf chil- dren, were. These miscreants, on entering the parlour, asked the. dder Fisher for his artns ; he re* pKed be bad none 3 one of the VH/i H 2 \^\)» 100 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814 iaios tbcn advaoced^ and present* ing a cocked pistol to the bead of tbk aged gentleroao, in tke pre- aeoce of his wife/ daughters, and grand-children, desired him to kneel down. This Mr. Fisher re- fusedy adding in a determined tone> " If you mean to shoot me, 1 shall receive it standing;** the irillaio then turned the pistol from the direction in which Mr. Fisher stood, and discharged it against the wall. The villains at this period were observed in the act of reliev- ing their sentinel, of whom, as it afterwards appeared, numbers were regularly posted for a considerable distance about the house, and espe- cially on theroad to Youghal. They all appeared to have equal com- mands, and asked which of the young ladies would make tea ; the father replied neither of them ; upon which one of the gang very deliberately took up the kettle, and made tea, to which the whole par- ty sat down, ate a large hot cake> then at the fire, besides all the bread and butter at table. They then commanded Mr. Fisher to shew them the house, in order to see whether there were any more arnos, exclusive of the gun which they had previously taken from Mr. Fisher*s son ; this Mr. Fisher complied with. They then asked for spirits, when they were inform- ed by Mr. Fisher that he had none, except a little rum, which was con- tained in a decanter ; this they di- vided among themselves, and wish- ing the fifimily good night, depart- ed. They then went to the house of Mr. Power, which they plun- dered of arms, and set the house oo fire, but it was happily extin- guished. In the same weeki tho house of Ihe Her. Mr. Averili, oC MoUiiU, in the county of Witerford, waa attacked by a gang of armed rtf* fians, who had the almost univer- sally combined objects in view, of obtaining money and arms, it waa not ascertained of how many they consisted ; but two of them enter- ed the parlour, one of whom pre- sented a pistol at Mr. Averill, and demanded his arms and powder. When he assured them that ho had neither arms nor powder, he was compelled to attefhd them over the house, and to open for their inspection every drawer, desk, and cupboard. Disappointed in their primary, though not exclusive de- sign, they demanded the price of powder which they thought they ought to have found, and robbed Mr. A. of a small sum of money he liad in his pocket-book. DECEMBER. I • The New Testament has been tnnslated into the Chinese lan- guage, by the East India Com- pany's translator at Catiton, and printed: fifty copies have been brought to England. 3. A coroner*s inquest sat at the chamber of the Society of Gray*8 Inn on the body of John Hinckley, found the preceding afternoon dead in his bed. Many inquiries having been made for the deceased, and nobody having seen him fi>r near three months, the ticket porters got into the chambers by the win- dow, the outer and inner doors being locked. They drew aside the bed curtains, and discovered the deceased completely decayed. He was aboul fifty years of age, and the last time any one remem- bered to have seen him alivs waa aboot the middle of Scptemberv— Veidlct CHRONICLE. 101 Verdict — DiW hy the Visitation of God, 4. Last werk, one Hasson was attacked near Lyng, t)n his way from Ballymullnns fair, near Lon- donderry, Ireland, in open day, and within view of several persons digging potatoes, and not twenty yards from houses, and was deli- berately murdered by ruffians. One of them knocked him down with some heavy weapon, and others beat him with bludgeons until life was extinct, while the potatoe-diggers stood aloof with their spades in their hands, regard- less of his cries for assistance. Those who witnessed the shocking scene deny all knowledge of the murderers; and notwithstanding the exertions of the magistrates, they had not been identified, in a neighbourhood where every indi- vidual is almost universally known. Hasson was reputed to have been an Orangeman. On Sunday evening an immense congregation was assembled in the Methodist chppel, in Oldham- atreet, Manchester, to hear the sermon about to be delivered in commemoration of the late Dr. Coke, who a short time since died on his passage to India, for the purpose of propagating the gospel. While the assemblage was await- ing the commencement of ibe ser- ▼ice« which was not to begin for half an hour, a false alarm was raised by some mischievous person, }t is supposed^ as if the gallery was giving way. The entire crowd rushed immediately towards the outlets with such violence, that se- veral persons were thrown down and trodden upon ; among whom were two women> who died a few minates after. Several persons iip^ icTcrely braised. The alarm was entirely without foundatiOD^ the gallery being perfectly safe. 5. Three merchants in African slave-trading have been brought from Sierra Leone in the Arui, and lodged in Portsmouth gaol, In order to their being sent to New South Wales for fourteen years, that being the sentence of puniiK- nient passed upon them afler their trial at Sierra Leone. Their names are, James Dunbar, a Spaniard; Malcolm firodie, a native of Man- chester; and George Cooke, an American. * ' Seven women, each of tbokD with an alias to her name, wbre lately committed to the counhr gaol of Somerset, charged with having obtained, by false pretences and a forged pass, money from the overseer of the parish of Cross, 40n scribing themselves as soldieifii* wives. They are part of a gang of eighteen, who left London toge- ther. Their method of making application to the overseer was two or three at a time, each describing a long family, which were gone by in a waggon or cart, &c. One pat rish alone is stated to have paid this party iidy pounds in one aayv 6. The house of Michael M'NJ<* chol of Glack, within four miles of Newtownlimavady, Ireland, WM lately broken open by a body pf armed men. M'Nichol having been a short time before robbed of his arms, was incapable of mak-* ing any defence, and the merciless banditti, after breaking his wife's arm, and cruelly wounding several of his children, murdered himself^ and afterward mangled his body in a shocking manner. Two caoses are assigned for this barbarous a^t^: M'Nichol having refused to bc^ come a member of a treasonaUe associationj and his having talwa }0<2 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. the farm he occupied after another man had been dispossessed of it. 7. The transport which sailed from Cork, and was supposed to have been lost in her passage to Quebec^ with four hundred and eighty-seven soldiers, and two hun- dred and forty-eight women and children on board, has been heard of. The Crocodile frigate, on ap- proaching the desolate island of Anticosta, observed a part of the crew of the transport on shore, "where she had been wrecked ; and succeeded in bringing away the sur- vivors, who had been on the island thirty-seven days. An inquisition was held last week at Ash ton- upon- Mersey, up- on the bodies of a young woman and her infant child, found drown- ^ in the Mersey. The deceased had been courted by a young man, by whom she had the child, and was afterwards slighted by him, and resolved to drown herself and the infant. The jury brought in a ferdict — Lunacy . The Mayor of Oxford has re- quested the inhabitants of that city to abstain from giving alms to beg- gars I an office having been estab- lished in the 1 own Hall for inves- tigating 1 be cases of persons asking alms, and affording relief to such as really want it. Professional beg- cars are dealt with according to kw. 8. An inquest was held at the Crown,Wesi minster Bridiie, on the body of Jdin Stevenson, late a sad- dler in Westminster Road who vas killed oa Tuesday by Zephyr, the stag at Astley's theatre. Mr. Parker, one of the proprietors of the theatre, stated, that he had the care of the stag, which belongs lo a foreigner named Gamier^ now in France. Garnier had been applied to several times to take the ammal away, but neglected to do so : it was kept in a stall near the stables. On Tuesday last witness was pre- paring to feed it with turnips, when he saw the deceased, who had been employed last summer to make a collar or halter Ibr the stag. Finding it was tight, the animal having grown fat, he called to Stevenson, and asked if it could not be altered. Deceased said it could. After a few minutes con- versation, they went towards the stall, and on tlie approach of Mr. Stevenson, the stag made a dart at him, fixed him with his horns against the wall, and gored him. The witness having a stick, beat the stag, and forced him to quit the d^'ceased. Stevenson then ap- peared with bis body bent to the ground, a profusion of blood issu^ from the wound, and in a short time after the accident he expired. Witness had, previous to the acci- dent, told him the animal was dan- gerous. Mr. Cook, surgeon, Weat- minster Road, deposed, that he was required by a messenger, about one o'clock on Tuesday, to go to Astley*8, a serious accident having taken place. He found Mr. Ste- venson lying on a shutter, he had received a wound on the superior and anterior part of the thigh, in the direction of the femoral ar- tery, two inches and a half in depth, and no doubt there was a divi- sion of the femoral artery and fe- moral vein. Arterial action had ceased, and from the nature of the injury, he considered the wound mortal ; deceased was placed in a warm bath, but not by the direc- tion of Mr. Cook Verdict, Accl- dentai death. The stag is forfeited /. CHRONICLE. 103 to tbe archbishop of Canterbury as a dtadand. Ten pounds are to be given as an equivalent. Thirty fine ewes in lamb, the propeny of Mr. Minchin, Brara- dean, were killed in a meadow at Alresford^ by a dog. Only two or three of tbem were bitten, but the timid animals were driven into a diteh, and kept so close together^ that they were smothered. Q. This evening, about seven o*clock, Lynn was thrown iuto alarm by the sudden appearance of the Brunswick Hussars, from the Horse Barracks, under a supposi- tion, from orders they had rcceiv- ed« that there was a riot ; but it appeared that an express had ar- rived from the mayor, requesting tbe assistance of a detachment of dragoons, as a disturbance had bro- ken out amongst the sailors in the merchants* service, and the mili- tary were marched otf in that di- rtction. It is reported that the merchants signified on Thursday last their intention of reducing the wages of seamen from hve pounds to four pounds the voyage, and on tbe refusal of some of them, and their using strong language, two were committed to gaol. On Fri- day morning several hundred as- •embled, and proceeded to the gaol, and after assaulting the mayor and constables, forced the door with the boom of a vessel, and re- leased the prisoners. They also stopped all vessels from proceeding to sea, and obliged the crews to leave the ships. On Sunday last two troops of the 5th Dragoons marched from Ipswich, through Stowmarket and Thettbrd, for LyDD \ and on Mondiy last about fifty of the Bedford Militia passed tbroQgh Bury in waggons, firom £(d(Kbester^ to suppress the riot among the sailors, but whidi hl^s happily subsided without blood- shed, lo. An inquest was held in Dub- lin, on tlie body of the late Lord Ffrench, at which alderman BIox- am presided. The body was found stretched on the fioor, with a pistol in each hand, the fore fingers of which were applied to the triggers. It would appear that tbe unhappy nobleman was standing in the micU dle of the fioor when be shot him- self, and that he fell against a ta- ble, upon one of the corners of which some blood was discovered. It was the left-hand pistol that ho used. He applied it to the left tero« pie, and the ball passed through the bead. The right-hand pistol was discharged in the fall, and its contents, after passing through a chair, lodged in a wooden partition under the middle window of the chamber. Both instruments were small, but must have betn stronglj charged, as the reports were ex- tremely loud. In the pockets of his lordship some silver and a few immaterial papers were found. Surgeon Ireland having examin- ed the body, declared himself of ofM- nion, that *' the deceased came by his death in consequence of a ball having passed through the head above tbe right ear." A number of persons then gave evidence as to the conduct and be- haviour of the deceased a short time previous to the fatal eveot> who ail agreed in stating particu- lars which denoted a change in hit usual manner, and symptoms of derangement. After the evidence closed, Mr. O'Dwyer addressed the jury with much feeling. He could not coo* ceive how it was possible to mi»* take the state of the ill-fated no- 104 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Uenian*0 mind, after the clear, cir- cumstantial, and concurrent testi- mony which had been given by so many respectable witnes8e9. The jury, after a few minutes' deliberation, brought in the follow- ing verdict : " We find that the late Lord Ffreucb came by his death by discharging a pistol loaded with . ball through hb bead, being at the same time in a state of insanity/* On Saturday, an inquest was held at the Kettle and Grid- iron, Harrow Road, on the bodies of Mr. and Mrs. £aton, who kept a shop there for twenty years, and were found murdered in their shop. .Mr. Eaton was suspended from a scale beam with his throat cut, and Mrs. Eaton on her bed, with her throat cut from ear to ear. Some sand was found on the soles of £a ton's shoes, and it is supposed he went backwards after murder- ing Mrs. Eaton. They were mar- ried fifty- two years, and were above seventy years old. They had lived happy^ but his behaviour of late was rather insane.— Verdict Insanity, 1 1. This evening, about seven o*clock, as Mr. Nathaniel Cross- landy Sutton-street, Clerkenwell, was coming down Highgate-hill, lie heard most distressing cries. It was a very dark and rainy night. He followed the cries to a lane lead- ing to a farm, up which he went about twenty yards, where he found a man lying on the ground, apparently in a very distressed st4te 3 he asked him several ques- tions as to the cause of his lying there, and of his cries. It was some time before he could obtain an answer that he could under- ^ud, but at length learned, that be had bcco robb^ and wounded, and led in that bdpleas statej when just as he was aboat to rsdse the man up, and give him assist- ance, a man rushed out from be- hind the hedge, knocked him down with a bludgeon upon the man on the ground, who instantly got up, and no doubt had been lying there voluntarily, and mak- ing a noise to excite the attention of passengers. They stopped his mouth with a woollen cloth, aod held him down while they robbed him of bank-notes to the amount of 13I. a watch, and other pro- perty. They then endeavoured to murder him by cutting his throat with a knife ; but Mr. Crossland struggled bard, and having a very thick neckcloth, they were pre- vented from efiecting their bloody purpose. He tried to wrest the knife from the robbers, and eventu- ally succeeded, but not without cutting his right hand dreadfully : the villains then escaped. Mr. Crossland returned to the public road, and found the patrole within about thirty yards from the spot where the daring act had taken place, who denied having heard him call patrole or murder, and he made no attempt to pursue the robbers. Mr. Crossland procured assistance, and was conducted back to Highgate, when he was sup* posed to be in a dying state, frooi his throat having been cut, and the profusion of blood that had flowed j but on Mr. Wetherell, a surgecm, being called in, he found it umie- cessaxy to sew up the wound, as the wind-pipe had not been completely separated. Mr. Crosshind is now in a fair way of doing well. 12. Twelve cattle, bekMigiiig to Richard Owen, tenant of a iana belonging to Mr. C. W. Wynn, at My fod> Montgvnaryshirej broke CHRONICLE, 105 from their pasture, and stray- ed into a neighbouring fann> where some branches of a yew- tnee had been cut on the 3d instant. On the 6th, in the evening;, they were safe in their pasture; and earl/ on the 7th, six of them were found dead Dear the place where the branches lay. 13. An article from HofF, Gver- many, dated Dec, 15, says, ** In tiie night of the 1 2th instant, a fire broke out at Asch, in county 2ied- witx, which spread with such rapi- *dity, that it burnt down the catho- lic church, the mansions of the three Counts of Zedwitz, the post- office, and about 400 private dwel- lings, the inhabitants of which had 00 time to remove their effects. A verger perished in endeavouring to save the public records, and two children are missing. The loss SQstained by stocking manu&ctu- reri alone is estimated at 30^000 floriua.*' King of Hayti.-'^This sable so- vereign seems resolved to be behind ^th no monarch. Oriental or Eu- ropean, in the external magnifi- rftTK^ of exalted rank. The cere- moniea of his court,— his Princes and Princesses,— the gradations of liis oobility in Dukes, and Counts, mad Barons, have already been be- fore the public. A crown, a scep- tre, robes, and other attributes of ^he regalia, have already been sent out to his Majesty from this coun- try* Articles for the completion ^f fait public equipage, manufac- tured by eminent sadlers in the city^ are now ready to be shipped ^br HaytJ. In their quality, de- sign» and execution, they are per- liaps nnequalled in their kind in the diqilay of any Potentate of Son^ cp the preudest oocasioafl. They consist of a state saddle and state harness for eight horses. The saddle is of a very large size, the seat part much curved ; with pis- tol holsters, and a large saddle- cloth. The whole is made of crimson Genoa velvet; the seat worked in devices, with yellow silk, and studded with gold. Tile holster covers and saddle-cloth aw most splendidly embroidered with broad variegated and vandyked gold borderings, and trimmed with rich fringes of gold bullion-headed with roses, and decorated with tassels of the same description at the corners. On each side of die cloth is represented in gold em- broidery his Majesty's coat of annSy with stars and sprigs of oak. Tlie heraldic bearings are a shield 3 on the field gulbs, a phoenix issuing from flames, with a motto on « curved ribband underneath, " Je renais de mes cendret** The field is dotted with nine mullets. The supporters are two lions rampant and crowned. The motto under- neath is, '* DUu, tna cause, et mtm epeer The shield is surmounted by a crown, not exactly like tlie regal crowns of England or France, nor opening like the imperial croMrn; but of large dimensiom, and spreading more than the Eo* ropean crowns. It is surrounded by the collar of the new order of Hayti, with the cross pendant. The double holster covers have si- milar decorations. The stirmps are of silver, curiously chased and gilt. The bridle and stirrup hold- ers are of black japanned leather, embossed with silver, gilt pho- nixes, and military trophies. The state harness for eight horsas is magnificent without heaviness. It ii (? japanned black leather, and is enriched 106 ANNUAL EEGISTER, 1814. enriched with a splendid profusion of omamentfl, all of solid silver, bat not gilt. Winkers, bosses, face-pieces, neck-bands, territs, traces, &c. are all adorned with crowns, or phcenixes, or full coats of arms, &c. the reins are of crim- son silk, adorned with gold bullion tassels. On the whole, we believe, that nothing so costly has yet been executed, and the general effect of it, glittering under a tropical sun, must form a most beautiful and superb feature in the pageantry of K.iog Henry. The town of St. Ives, Hunting- donshire, was thrown into a very serious ferment, by the commis- sioners of the property tax (yield- ing to the suggestion of the inspect- or) notifying a considerable intend- ed advance in the usual assess- ment on property. When it be- came generally known for what purpose this meeting of the com- missioners was held at the Crown Inn, more than 300 persons assem- bled, who rushing themselves into the commissioners* room, seized the inspector, and forced hirp out through the glass window into the yardj by which he was considera- bly cut and bruised. The tumult increased so much without side, that the officer only effected bis escape from this popular resentment, by privately passing through several neighbouring houses; the people then proceeded to the inspector's bouse, the windows of which they instantly destroyed. The com- missioners, we understand, at length appeased their fury, by a declaration, that no rise of the tax should take place for the pre- sent. A steam-boat was put in mo- tion on the canal qear.Iiaaehouse. TbcI^rdMayor,&c. wcreon board. It is abont 40 tons burthen, and will convey between 2 and 300 passengers. It proceeded a mile and returned, performing the dis- tance in 16 minntes. Another is building on the river of aoo tons, to be employed as a packet be- tween London and Ramsgate. 16. Dublin."^ Pi. scene of cx- traordinarv disorder and tumult took place at the theatre. Tke Fo- rest of Bondi, or the Dog ofMoat^ targis, was the afterpiece which had been given out for representa- tion ; but in consequence of some misunderstanding between the pa- tentee and the proprietor of the canine performer in the piece, as to the terms on which the senrices of the dog were to be had, the af- terpiece did not go forward, and The MilUr and his Men was sub- stituted. Ihe audience had not been sufficiently apprised of the change, and would not submit to the disappointment ; and express sed their disapprobation so strong- ly, as completely to obstruct the performance of the adopted melo- drama. Some of the perfcMrmers came forward to address the au- dience while the afterpiece was in progress, but they were obliged to retire, and their appearance b^ came at length a matter of sooae peril, as they were assailed with every missile thing that the gal- lery, and ultimately the pit, ccHild seize upon. The stage-maoager, Mr. Rock, came forward, after a considerable time, and he abared the fate of the others who had at* tempted to obtain atieotion. After several efforts to go throi^h widi the piece, without a cbaooe of suc- cess, the curtain dropped 1 and from that time until the house was cleared by the tntopositioa of the sherifis, accompanied by con- stabie^ CHRONICLE, lor ttables and military^ every mis- chief that could be accomplisbed was inflicted on the property, by tearing up the seats of the gallery^ and throwing them at the lamps^ which were, with very liitle ex- ception, broken to pieces ; and on the stage, and into (he orchestra, which, however, escaped with much less injury than might have been expected: pieces of timber were also flung at the performers. It was a command night, and his ExcelleDcy the Lord Lieutenant and the Duchess of Dorset, with their suite, were in the theatre. Notwithstanding the presence of these exalted personages, wlio might be expected to exact some deference, the clamour to reject the substituted afier-piece prevail- ed, without any diminution, and his Excellency and her Grace, af- ter no small exercise of conde- scension and patience, quitted the theatre. The most tumultuous part of the scene occurred after I heir departure — a large reflecting glasf , forming a pannel of the vice- regal box, was broken by some- thing thrown from the pit or gal- lery. Some persons were taken into custody by the sheriffs. About a quarter of an hour after the row bogan^ the vice- regal party, and .that of the commander of the foroe8> retired. Neither the Lord Lieutenant, nor her Grace the Docbess bowed to the audience. Her Grace's chair was taken by a gentleman in regimentals, who at last was compelled to retire. The mirror io the Viceroy's box, we believe^ was broken by a shower of peony-pieces from the pit. Mr. Beresford, the Loid Mayor, kept the bouse for about half an hoqr «fter the Lord Lieutenant had re- tired. The house, stfter continaiog for upwards of two hours in a state of great tumult, was finally cleareik at one o'clock this moruing. 1 6. Paris. — The dry weather had continued so long this season, as to reduce the river in an extra* ordinary degree 5 in so much that fears were for some time enter* tained of an enormous increase is the price of necessaries conveyed by the Seine for the consumptioo of Paris. Wood and ordinary wine had already risen — the boatf were therefore embargoed bere^ and not suffered to proceed farther down the stream, until the metro^ polis should be fully supplied with these articles. The late rains hav- ing raised the water above five feet, all is quiet again, and matters have taken their usual course. Greenock. Accounts of the Hut" ricafte, — The wind last night great- ly increased, and has continued to . blow with unremitting violence. In the morning there was a consi- derable deal of thunder and light- ning, accompanied by excessive falls of rain. Shortly after mid- day the quays overflowed, and the tide continuing to rise, the cellars adjacent to the breast of the difiie* rent harbours have been inundated* and we are truly concerned to add^ immense quantities of West India and other produce destroyed; much property has likewise been swept away, or materially injured on the quays. Those of the outward-bound West India fleet riding at anchor at the tail of the Bauk, have drift- ed considerably -, some have parted their cables. The Hercules, which, along with several merchantmen, had anchored in Gourock bay, slipped or parted her cables tjui fprcnoon. 108 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. f>renooD^ and fortunately arrived safe in the east harbour, about thnee o*clock» with no other appa- rent injury than the loss of her bowsprit. Notwithstanding the hazardous attempt of taking the harbour in such a hurricane^ by the able manner in which it was performed, the only damage which she occasioned going in was that of running down a herring sloop at . the entrance. Half-past Four. — The gale in- creased a little more to the west- ward. We have just learned that the following vessels, in Grourock Bay, are on shore^ viz. — ^The" Mary, on this side of the Powder- house, and the Jane and Elizabeth, at the New Battery. Only his Majesty *8 ships Tartarus and Ama- zon remain al anchor in Grourock -Bay. The utmost confusion pre- vaib, and great fears are entertain- ed for the safety of the ships ride- ing at the tail of the bank. One is apparently aground at the Hill of Ardmore. Several have drifted up the river past Cardross. The Jane, from Palermo^ has just arrived from quarantine sta- tion, Holy Loch, having been blown from thence, with the loss of three anchors and cables. At Port Glasgow, the damage has been immense from the over- flowing of the tide. 17. It blew a tremendous storm yesterday from W. N. W. the effects of which will be se- verely and generally felt. It be- gan early in the morning, accom- panied with a great deal of thun- der and lightning, increasing in its ifury until about two o'clock in the afternoon, when during a heavy gust, the tide, which by this time bad nearly overflowed the quays^ rose suddenly (some u than ten minutes) up eighteen inches, rushinj great violence, laying pa east and west ends o£ completely under water tide had still an hour to most serious consequent warehouses with West ] duce were apprehended, nately, soon after this he: the water began to re without doing some miK During the gale, the ships of the outward-bc India fleet drove on shor the point White Farlam beth, and Jane, for Jan Mary, for Demarara; s the fleet, name unkno' shore near M'Craw's Fe Hercules, for St. Vincen lost her anchors and cabl rock Bay, after breaking lass, got safe into the ! hour, but ran down a f in coming in. The from Quebec, drove anchors in the roads^ , shore at Inch Green, Qlasgow, which has ah from the storm. Sevei walls near the sea, at th< have been thrown down path and parapet wall old Bay have been near! ed. A new steam-boal ral pinnaces on the beacl Castle of Newark, wei to pieces. A sloop fr< with the remainder of ! foundered at the v^es the New Quay, and t and crew with diflfici their lives. So compl the houses on the ^ inundated, that the gei the Custom House bad CHRONICLE. m ried out of their offices on men's backs. I have not heard that any lives were lott. I>uring the night the weather was moderate, the wind N. W. with a clear sky; but about five this morning, the wind again came roand to the S. W. and it now blows a gale again with heavy rain. It has every appearance of being as bad as yesterday, and much fear may be entertained for the ships at ancbor. A Liverpool trader was obliged to cut from Holy Loch during the night, and run for this bnrbour: she pitched her bow- sprit under before cutting. There is a sloop on shore below the La- zaretto. Leedsj^^'Fridaj, during a violent storm of wind with rain, the steam-engine chimney, attached to the manufactory of Whitehead and Pearson, on Bradford- moor, was blown down, and falling upon the building, the roof was forced in with a terrible crash, and a nomber of the work-people very seriously injured. At the house of John Blayds, Esq. Park-lane, a stack of chironics at the left wing of tbe building was blown down, and the rubbish precipitated through tbe roof into an apartment that jost been quitted by one of the fa- mily. The hurricane has also done considerable damage to the new tuanuon of Mr. Goodman, and se- veral other unfinished buildings. Stqffhrd. -^The oldest person living cannot remember more tem- pestuous and longer continued than we experienced on Fri- The damage sustained by xnany persons in this town and cieijgbboarhood at present cannot tse estimated. Innumerable chim- niei have been blown down, roofs of houses and ricks of hay remoT-* ed: and on the north road troeiP have been forced down, whidi have interrupted the progress of. coaches, &c. In the dreadful storm of next day, a vessel called the Concept tion, bound from Dublin to Wex« ford, was driven ashore, and wrecked at Bally nefear, near Wex- ford Harbour: the crew took to their boat, and, with the exception of one man drowned, reached the shore; but they left behind them fastened in the weather shrowdsy a mother and a daughter, over whom tbe sea beat furiously, and every moment threatened to teat' them from this their last refuge. A poor fisherman, named William- Hanson, saw from the shore their dreadful situation; he collected some of the boldest of his fellows, who, with infinite difficulty, rowed him towards the wreck, now ly- ing on her side, and consequently, the mast along on the surface of the sea. On the utmost point of the mast he fastened himself, and from thence clambered to the body of the vessel. Here a new diffi- culty arose— the contest between the mother and daughter, which should first attempt to land ; nor was it ended till their gallant deli- verer assured them' that he would return for her who should remain. He first brought to the shore the mother, and, scarcely waiting to take breath, returned for the datigh- ter, whom he afterwards, throuah the tremendous surge, landed m safety. Cork, — ^Thursday night a. tre- mendous hurricane, which com- menced at 12 o*clodc, continued without intermission until late yes- terday morning. Many houses atfi stripped*, 110 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. gtripped, and ehiaiDies blown Uins high. However, a smdi itM- down. Some tokiieri at the South td called the Dart, made a signrf Military Hospital have been in- that she would sail, and the ciew jored by the destruction of part of set about procuring passengen.I1ie that building. Considerable mis- Nancy extra packet, with the ohief has been also done in the maii8> did the same. The Dm country $ many cabins have been received her passengers at a gnim onroofedj stacks blown down, and each, and all of thera of coorse on- a great number of large trees torn acquainted with the danger attend- tip by the roots. Six vessels have ing t heir going to sea, congraiulated been stranded at Cove. each other that tliey should reach Dublin. — On Thursday morn- Calais in three hours, having been ing a dreadful storm commenced assured they should. The vessel fi-om the westward. The damage now having from twenty-five to throughout the city is very great, thirty males and females on board, Some houses have been blown besides the crew, some little time down, and some unroofed. The after high water cast off her moor* chimnies of an immense number of ings and put to sea. At this time houses have been thrown down^ there were upwards of six hundred and windows broken. Few houses pcrsous collected on the Pier-heads have entirely escaped damage. to witness the :sailing of the two Twenty of the largest trees in vessels, and each trembled at the the College Park wer^ torn up by very imminent danger and risk the roots. those on board ran in the Dirt get- It was unsafe the greater part of ting out of the harbour, it banj yestenlay to walk the streets^ from thought madness for them to at- the falling of slates and brick- tempt it ; but by great good fnr- work. tune the vessel got out safe and 19. JDover.— On Saturday last^ and reached the roads, where she lay the six preceding days^ the wind beating about, the waves breaking blew very strong from the S. W. over her at every interval. The with a heavy sea running into the packet was about to follow tbees- harbour, which created a consider- ample of the Dart, but the agent of able bar, and the last four days his Majesty's packets seeing the prevented any vessel from passing danger of her beingdashed against to or coming from France J in con- the North Pier-head, in which sequence of which a large body of case every soul must have perish- passengers were collrcied at the ed, gave the captain an order di^ereut inns, eagerly waiting an not to go to sea, for he would not opportunity of proceeding to the trust the safety of the mails and continent. There were also five the lives of the passengers to a mere mails lying on board the packet, matter of chance. 1 he Dart oouf several bags of dispatches, and four tinned in the roads until quite dark, messengers, which had been de- when instead of reaching Calais in tained from day to day by tlie hoi- three hours as had been positively sterous rale of the weather, which stated, she was beatilig about all on Saturday, if possible, was worse, night, and her cabin, which is the wind blowing a tremendous snoall, being crowded with passen* gale, and the sea running moun- gers, the heat and the extreme molioo CHRONICLE. Ill Tnotkm of the vessel caused tliose on bosrd to be very ill^ and to wish they had never left Dover ; for, in- stead of their being on their way to Paris and Ostend, Monday rooming found the vessel (by good luck) in Ramsgace harbour. 20. At Brighton it has blown a slorm from the south-west for some days. Shipping on the coast has sustained considerable damage. Of a onmber of vessels that at- tempted to run from the Downs into Ramsg&te, five got on shore, some of them much damaged. Several other vessels put into Mar- gate with loss of anchors and ca- bles. A very strong gale of wind from the west and sooth-west has pre- vailed at Portsmouth nearly the whole of last week, in consequence of which some lives have been lost, and much anxiety occasioned. The gale attained its utmost fury on Wednesday : during the greater part of that day it was impractica- ble to proceed to Spithead, from the port, for even the launch of the Prince, with upwards of fifty seamen in it, in making the at- tempt, was forced on Soutiisea beach, and in landing, the officers and men were completely drench- ed, as well as placed in consider- able danger. In the evening, about seven o'clock, signals of distress were fired at Spithead, which created much alarm amongst the people on shore. It proved to be the Olympia cxitter, which having drifted her anchors, got ashore 00 the Spit. Her signals of distress were most promptly answered by all the shipping at Spithead, who hoisted their lights, and about fif- teen boats put off from different shipft to go to her assistance, in doing which J we are sorry lu sjy. a boat belonging to the CotxttkU containing a lieutenant and sereo men, upset by running on tbe 01ympia*s cable, and two seamen were unfortunately drowned j the others were saved with great diffi« culty. On shore, the heavy windi have also occasioned much da- mage. The limbs of large trees have been carried away, and in many instances whole trees blown down. Near King's Terrace, a so- . lid brick wall was blown down on Wednesday night, and during the top of the tide the platform evefr day of the week has been renderea impassable, by the sea beating ■ over in such large quantities, and with great force. The storm con- tinued on Saturday night, but Spit- head being a good anchorage, no danger was apprehended. From Plymouth we hear, in ac- counts dated on Friday and Satur- day, that for the last two days and nights the wind blew a hurricane from the west and south- west» which caused much confusion amongst the shipping, as they la* boured very much at their anchor»» ^nd fears were entertained that many wrecks would take place. At Falmouth the storm ragpd with great violence. 20. Newcastle. — ^Thelate hur- ricane, which commenced in this neighbourhood on Friday morning, has been generally felt throughout the whole country. In the sootb^, the storm commenced on the nth instant, and the shipping on the south-west coast has suffered most dreadfully from its clTects. The gale from that time has moved gradually northwards, and has left sufficient evidence of its violence in all the places within its vortex. It is im- possible to enumerate the damage that has been done in this town ^\4 lis ANNUAL RiEGISTER, 1814. and neigfaboorhood. Sereral hoases have been totally destroyed^ otberg unn)ofed and otherwise much da- maged (the occupiers in some in- stances narrowly escaping with their lives). A large portion of the parapet wall which surrounds the roof of All Saints fell with a dread- ful, crash into Silver-street^ and a window of the same church was totally blown out. Much damage has also been done to the windows of St. Nicholas churchy and a win- dow of Hanover-square chapel is ako totally destroyed. A great part of Jarrow church is unroofed ; leveral trees have been torn up by the roots^ stacks blown down, keels and boats sunk on the river^ &c. In short, the destruction has been 80 wide spread, that the conse- quences will be long and severely felt by many. A garden wall on the back of Villiers-street, Bishop-' v^earmouth, was blown down by the gale, and Mr. Cameron, master mason, passing at that moment, was killed on the spot. At Dur- ham and in the vicinity, much da- mage was done. A stack of chim- nies in Lord Barrington's house in the College were blown down, which forced in the roof, and did a deal of injury in several of the rooms ; another stack of chimnies fall from the house of Dr. Grey into the college : and in Gilesgate, several houses had the greater part of the tiles and slates blown off. Many corn and hay stacks in the vicinity were overturned. The hur- ricane was also severely felt at North Shields, where few houses have escaped damage from its ra- vages. A house in Church-street was completely unroofed, as was a new one in Bedford -street, and another at the head of the town. Numerous chimnies were i>lown down; one near the Bull-ring fell with such force as to pass through the roof and floors of an adjoining house. Towards evening the scene became truly awful ^ most of the shops were shot, bricks and tiles fell in every direction, and the narrowness of the streets great- ly added to the danger of passen- gers ; but we do not hear that any person was seriously hurt. The river exhibited a scene still more tenific, and the ships and keels were in the most imminent danger; several of the latter were driven ashore, and some sunk, as was a wherry laden with merchaodize near Whitehill Point ; and many of the keels which reached Shields had their coals to throw overboard to keep them from sinking. Two boats drifted out to sea, and num- bers sunk and were damaged. Two lads, about thirteen years of age, twin ions of Mr. Lloyd, a barge owner of Stourport, were drowned in the river Avon^ at Evesham. They had solicited their fathers permission to go on the water in his own boat, which he peremptorily refused, but tb^ rashly got into another, and were carried by the rapidity of the stream towards the bridge, where the river being too high to admit their going through the arch with the mast standing, the boat was upset, and they both perished with- in sight of their parent. A third boy (apprentice to their father) who was with them, was ^to* nately saved. Berlin.— -The evening before last, a tumultuous scene took phteo at our theatre. The Luther of Wer<- ner (who turned Catholic at Rotne last year) was performed. Some people, who chose to think this an odd contrast^ gave out that the niece CHRONICLE. 113 piece would be hissed ; in conse- cjuence of which the police distri- bated sixty of their officers in the pit, dressed like citizens. Scarcely Kad the curtain risen, when univer- sal hisses burst forth, with shouts damning the play; but the police officers arrested seventeen of the roost turbulent^ and the piece was concluded without interruption. As some workmen were lately digging's road from Burford, in Oxfordshire, to Barrington^ they discovered near the surface of the earth, a stone coffin of an immense size, and extremely irregular, vreigbiog nearly three tons, which, on examioation, was found to con- tain the perfect skeleton of a man, of middle stature, having his teeth entire; also a great number of short nails, completely ox y dated and matted together in pieces of hide, of which materials it is pro- bable a shield was formed. From the size and appearance of this cof- fin, and from the circumstance of its being found near to a place known by the name of Battle-edge, it may be presumed to have been deposited there after the battle re- corded by many of our early histo- rians to have been fought near Barford, about the middle of the eighth centnr}', between Ethel wald iLlng of Mercia, and the West Saxon kii*^ Cuthred, or Cuthbcrt. This curious relic is deposited in an a.i]e called Sylvester's, in Burford ofaurchy for the inspection of the ^rorious. 23. Weymouth. — This week "^re have experienced one of the Qaost tremendous gales of wind ^rver known at this port. A great x^omber of deals and other wreck &^ave been driven on shore at Port- Xsuidj and beiog burnt in many I, plainly indicate to have been Vol. LVI. part of a cargo in a vessel set fire to by the enemy ; the latter with her bottom uppermost, was also descried this morning, in the road of Portland. Several pilot boats have put to sea with a view of towing it into port. On Wednesday evening the gale - increased most violently, when at nine o'clock, the French biig L' Ami tie, from Havre de Grace to the Isle of Bourbon, of 300 toas burthen, laden with various mer- chandise, came ashore on Portland Sands, having cut away all her masts. In consequence of firing guns of distress, and hoisting sig- nal lights, the Portland men, at the most imminent danger of their lives, got on board, and the vessel's head was brought towards the shore, and prevented from going to- pieces. During this critical period, the captain and crew were prepa- ring a raft for conveying themselves and the passengers to the shore ; but by the timely and fortunate ar« rival of the Dutch Consul at this port (who also underwent extreme peril in getting aboard) he with much difficulty persuaded the whol^ to remain till next morning, when upwards of 20 ladies and children, with other passengers and crcw^ amounting to upwards of fiflysouls, were let down by ropes into the boats, and safely landed (although the sea was running tremendously high), and conducted to the hotel in that island. The vessel and car- go, it is supposed, will be saved. Cash EL. — This day, at iu>on. Hardy, a tithe farmer, was mur- dered at the gate of Monagee, about one mile from this city. Hardy, after enforcing the pay- ment of some tithes, left Cashel on his return to Newport, accompa- nied by two other proctors, who bad 1 ' \WftYi 114 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. be6D here upon similar errands. They were met by two men, sup- posied to be from Newport, who prodnced blunderbusses, ordered the two other proctors to return to Casbe], ami detained Hardy, the most obnoxious. They then fired three shots at Hardy, and left him for dead. The surgeon and other persons came out dirfctly from Cashel, and afforded every aid j pint the proctor died in three hours. He had sufficient strength to re- lite the particulars, and name the murderers, who were well known to bim. Pursuit was made, but for the present they have c-caped. Ballyshannon. — A few nights beck Mr. Corry Hurst, a respect- able revenue officer, was trcachc- musly shot in the streets of Eally- Rhannon. He was returning from Mr. Donogher's inn to his lodging with a Mr. Gre but the arm of the Lord is not riiortened ^ and if he is about to do a great work upon the earth, as they firmly believe he is^ they know that he can as easily raise the dead to life, as awake a person oat of a trance. Mrs. Sonthcott*s words always have been, " that death or life would end the strife;** and on that ground her believers now rest the question.** A horrible transaction was deve- kiped at the late Assizes at Beau- rait. A young man, of 22 years of age, was convicted of assassinat- ii^, at different periods, his two young brothers, and a sister, a child between two and three years oW. From whatever cause, whe- ther mental derangement, or the instillation of bad principles, he alleged he could insure his young brother an admission into Heaven, if removed from life before the age of leven. He was condemned to death. Having already given an article fespecting the riot at the Theatre at Dublin, we now insert the se- qnelf in which we are sorry to be obliged to remark, that never was the Magistracy of a great city more humiliated and degraded. On Saturdaynight,the 17 th, Mr. JQUps wak bu^ makin{[ arretta in the box lobby. On Monday (ught some Police Magistrates ordered a company of soldiers, at the instiga- tion of the Patentee, hito the house. On Tuesday night the disordift's were at their height. The aodi* ence was as numerous as that which originated the tumult on Friday night; but it was much more determined and enthusiaa* tic. The refusal of Mr. Jones to make a personal apology continued the source of the uproar. Tlje audience would enter into no com- promise. Placards were distributed m all quarters, and handed to ajl persons, but they proved abortive. One of them was as follows : — r ' THEATRE ROYAL. The Proprietors of the Theatre Royal beg leave to appeal to the Public upon the subject of the dis- content which has been manifested at the Theatre the few last eveq* ings: The Manager, Mr. Rock, be- ing the only and properest chani^l of communication between the proprietors and the public, having failed in his endeavours to obtain a hearing, the proprietors have but this mode left of stating, that the reason why no verbal apology was made on Friday night, for change of entertainment, was^ that when his Excellency the Lord Lieute- nant honours the Theatre ijvith his presence, it is an established rule that the performance shall upon lyi account whatever be interrupted by extraneous communication froQi the stage ; nor is it even U8ual« upoi^ those nights, to give thecustomaij announcement of the play for tl^q ensuing evening. The Proprietors of the Theatre anxloualy hope that a liberal Pttb- Uq 118 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Uc will -deem this &ufiicleat to ac- quit them of the slightest intention of any neglect or disrespect to- wards them ; and trust tliat they may with confidence throw them- selves upon their just and good feeling fur the protection of their property. December 20th, 1814. Besides this, there was a more concise one distributed, offering further explahation^ tlirough the instrumentality of Mr. Rock, if it was deemed necessary. The eyc- pedient of exhibiting on the stage a canvass placard, written in cha- racters sufficiently large to be in- telligible to the upper gallery, was even resorted to. It was receivf^d with showers of all sorts of missiles. Indeed, it seemed lo serve only as a signal for the more active part of the audience to commence their operations. It was immediately followed by ihe breaking of a quan. tity of the foot lights, and the chan- delier which was suspended over the right-hand stage box. The Lord Mayor and Sherififs appeared in the front box, and entreated forbearanc. The audience, they said, mi^ht evince their disappro- bation by words as long and as loud as they wished, but they en- treated of them to spare thr pro- perty. Theie was a loud cheer for the eivic authorities, and many per- sons addressed them. The unani- mous cry was for Mr. Jones -, and most xehemmt nsseverations were uttered, that no performance would be ever p rniii ted if he did not yield. Subscriptions, it was said, would be entered into for the sustenance of the dependent actors, if the pub- lic were driven to any extremity. While the Lord Mayor and Sbe- ri& were engaged in remonstrat- ing in the centre of the bo police men came in coo a group of young men i the stage boxes. To th the attention of the audi instantly directed. T ^layor repaired 10 the sp appeared that one or tu men weretakento thewai On inquiry, there was n< ty for committmg thosi lri)m the Lord Mayor or and there was a general b^ dignation. The ofl^endir bles were instantly put o house, and the Lord May< condescension to go in liberate the captives, t think it prudent, howevc them re-enter the theatic extorted pledges from tl they should go quietly houses. One fulfilled hii but the other violated it. The employment of t makers in one quarter onl opportuniti(sfor mischief Before the Lord M»iyo riffs could ngain obtain like a general hearing, m were extinguished, an< chest ra and stage loaded ruins of the adjoining They at length thought i address the house Irom There was no man of go< who was not pained at t liating expedient to wl were compelled to resort or four words were all be uttered in any inters uproar. No more couli Ice ted from the Lord Ma that he " saw the Lord I that morning : that he to wait on his E^cel! morning following whh a tation of the state of t CHRONICLE. 119 fiMlini; ; aud that he would do any thing for the house, if they but CftMcd to destroy the proprietors* property.*' Cheering as loud as thunder followed, but a thousand voices again vociferated > " Jones ! Jones ! Nothing but Jones !" — ** Well, then, Gcnilcn^^en," said the Lord Mayor, " I will again wait 00 Mr. Jones.*' Bravo ! Bravo I thundered forth from all quarters of ihe house. The Lord Mayor again retired, but he had scarcely dei^iuted when an accident, which ha J very nearly proved fatal to many individuals, created a great uproar, and called l)im back. It was the bursting of tbepannel of the right hand stage box, and the precipitation, head- foremost, into the orchestra, of at least twenty people who prevstd against it. As soon as it was as- certained that no material accident had occurred, and atter arrange- ments had been made to induce a crowd, that lushed upon the stage, to withdraw, iht Lord Mayor and SherifTs proceeded on their embassy to Mr. Jones. A considerable interval elapsed before they returned, and it was employed in a most horrible scene of devastation. All the lights were pat oat, and even the brass work that was employed in suspending them was broken to atoms. 1 he pannels of the lower tier of boxes, wliicb were ornamented by various historical paintings, were next ataaiied. In less than 5 minutes the entire of them were torn out and thrown into the pit. The pannels of the second tier shared the same iate, and the pit was litcially tilled with the wreck before the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs4could return. — When tbey made their appearance there was the usual cheer. '* Gen-. tlemen,*' said the Lord Mayor^ " I can only tell you, that nothioff more can bo done to nighty ana that I propose to wait on the Lor4 Lieutrnant to-morrow. Gentle* men, I have to entreat that joa will inst.inily withdraw from tbo theatre." Yes ! yes ! bravo I bravo! was the general cry, and all pi-epared to depart. The house* however, was not cl&ired until there was a tremendous addition madc^ to the universal ruin. Evea the galleries, which were hitherto neutral, now lent their exertumm. So perfect a picture of wreck wt^ never perhaps witnessed. Mr. Jones at length thought ^t to announce his resignation, rath^ than submit to make a persoii|^ apology on the stage (which WM required), for an offence to tb^ public not intended by him ; 10 |p doing, he observes, that he haa not forfeited his character as a genthh man. The m.mjgement was thc|i con tided to a Committee of th6pei^ formers, and the theatre re-opened on the 28th. At the rise of the curtain M^« Rock obtained permission to read documents respecting the resig|U|- tion of Mr. Jones. To the addrey of Mr. Jones he shewed a signa- ture, and testified it was Mf. Jones's hand-writing. A decll|- ration was distributed, which 1^ also read, to the following effixt : " Mr. Jones havmg positively and unequivocally withdrawn from the management of the Theatre^ the other proprietors think it no- cessary to state, that all prosicm* tions shall cease-, they pledge 1 hem- selves that as they had no part in the late transactions, so shall it be their study to remove every rea- sonable 120 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. aonable caase of complaint which tfaepublic may feel." This statement was certified by the names of the remaining pro- prietors, John Crampton, £. T. Dalton, Greorgc Gregory, A gentleman asked '* what re- muneration the performers were to receive ?" Mr. Rock answered^ *< a benefit immediately." Aloud plaudit followed, and a second question was put. ** Of what description are the Trustees:" — "The Trustees," replied Mr. Rock, " are four ; the Earl of Meath, Mr. D^nis Bowes Daly, Colonel Talbot, and Mr. Taylor/* Another plaudit. Mr. Rock in- quired whether the audience de- manded any further explanniion relative to himself or tiie other persons connected with the thea- tre? A cry of No, No, and he retired. The play went on, and the per- formers, with the exception of three or four, were received with cheers. A dreadful eruption burst forth from the Volcano of Albay in Ma- nilla, on the 1st of February last, which lasted for ten days, and de- stroyed five populous towns in the province of Cumarines, and the principal part of that of Albay ; 1200 persons were killed, and ihany more dreadfully wounded or burnt. Extract of a letter finom Mow, in the province of Bundelcund, dated March 21, 1814 : — *' For some time past, accounts had been daily brought to us by the natives, of their cattle having been carried off by leopards, upon which pne of'our cadets determined upon going out in quest of the depredators on foot. no elephant being to be 1 was shewn the place of a these supposed leopards b lagers, and had not proc up the sitleofthemountai was covered entirely wi underwood, when, to his ment, he perceived a lai in a sleeping posture, m yards of him. He had to order his unarmed attc retire, when the monstei perceived him. There > danger in retiring than in fabt, and our bold Cadet rage to do so. With a perhaps, scarcely equalled dily awaited hlsopportuni by the greatest piece of g he struck the monster in artery of the neck. Fee self wounded, he made spring to the place when det was standing ; but b pified by the shot, and a being in his way, he mm lowing, into a ravine, v receiving a second shot : intrepid son of Mars, I about a hundred yards, ai up his existence. Hewi in last night upon a cat measurement (which w think much) was, firom the tail to the nose, i The oldest tiger hunters that his make was the m< they ever saw. The strength of his neck, shoo fore legs is indescribable. any one, who had not a i fainting fit, much relish f( ing his carcase narrowly, being intolerable which i it, though only six hours The night before he had an unfortunate villager. C HRONICLE, Ifil BIRTHS. The lady of Sir P. Parker, a aoo. Lady Melgund* a son. January, The lady of Sir 6. Clarke^ btit. Coantess of Galloway, a son. » IS^S^*?!- .^ ^ ^ ,. Viscountess Gagr, a soa and ThewifeofW.E.Toniline,««qi heir. M. P. a son. Couniess of Ilchester, adaugh- , ^^^ 'f^^ ?^ S^*" Harcourt ^pj. bart. a daughter. Marchioness of Ely, a son and }f^\^'^^^'^!l!^?S jjeir -^ The lady ofSir J. C. Honey wood* lie lady of Sir G. B. Prescott, ^^^Jl'^^?: . , ^ ^, bart. a daughter. ^^^ ^»^®^ J- S- ^'^?> «^' I^dy Mary Sheppard, a son. ^'^^ ^^^"^ <^^ Cheshire, a dao^- TheladyofSirW.W. Yea, bart. ^^^- -r r ai i, • 3 gQ„ The wife of Alex. Baring, eiq. The lady of Sir Edward Synge, ^'f' ^ daughter, barf, a daughter. ^*>« w>^« of rear-adra. Malcolm, Lady Graves, a daughter. a son. The lady of Sir G. B. Prcscott, 4^'- bart. a daughter. ^ _^,. , , , The lady of SirT. Winnington, Countess of AJbemarle, adaugh- bart a son ler. - The lady of Sir Grey Skipwith, J^^"- ^rs. Werninck, a son. bart. a daughter. ^^3^ ^™- Somerset, a daugh- ter. February, The lady of Sir Henry Montgo. «. 1 TT T , *ir t 11 mery, a son. Right Hon. Lady Macdonald, a xhe wife of Sir Thomas Adand, daughter. a daughter. The lady of Sir N. Peacocke, Conn tew of Elgin, a son. bart. twin daughters. j^^ ^f sj^ p. Burdett, a dauglf Lady Hen. Lr<>kine, a daughter, i^,. Countess of Talbot a son Countess Delaware, a son and Lady Caroline Uushout,a daugh- ^^jj. ^^^' .^ ^^ ^ , ^ Lady Edmonstone, a daughter. The wife of R. Puleston, esq. of ^a^y Ridley » a daughter. Emral, a son and heir. Laj^ of Sir J. Malcolm,a daugh- The wife of Major-gen. Came- ^g^. gic. a daughter. Wife of Hon. L. Snllivan, a ion. Lady Mary Markham, a son. ^jfe ^f ^^^ j) EnKinc, a The lady of Sir T. H. Liddel), daughter, bart. a daughter. Lady Gertrude Sloane, a daugh- Right Hon. Lady Mary Long, a ^^i. daughter. Wife of Licut.^1. Hon. P. Stuart, a son. -o^orch. Hon. Mrs. Bagot, a son. Lady Caroline Wrottesley^ a Wife of Hon. G. Ponsonby, a daughter, , son. ^ Lady ISC ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Lady Mark Kerr, a sou. Hon. Mrs. Thomas a son. Hon. Mrs. Wion, a daughter. Hon. Mrs. Horsley Bercsford» a 4aiighter. Hon. Mrs. Onslow, a son. Lady £. Dnimroond, a daughter. Lady Charlotte Goold, a sou. Wife of Hon. Colonel Cocks^ a aoB. Lady of Sir James Gambier, ■HI. Wife of Hon. and Eev. F. Powys, a son. Lady Eliz. Cavanagh, a son and heir. . Hon. Mrs. St. Legf r, a son. Marchioness of Wa:crl"ord, a son. Viscountess Monkc, a danijhter Lady of Sir A. Dancer, a son. May. Marchioness of Queensberry, a daughter. Countess of Mansfield, a daugh* ter. Duchess of Ro.\burgh, a daugh- ter. Hon. Mrs. Dundas, Edinbui^h, a daughter. The wife of the Right Hon. C. Manners Sutton, a son. Lady Knatchbull, a daughter. The wife of Hon. J. Crowe, a son. The wife of Hon. Courteney Boyle, a son. The lady of Vioe-adm. Strachan, a daughter. The wife of General Hawker, a son. The wife of Baron Nicolay, a son. The wife of Hon. Mr. Vansit- tart, a son.. Lady Qpringdon^ a daughter. The wife of Hon. — Hoare^ n son. Hon. Mrs. Hopwciod,a daughter. The lady of Sir T. G. Carmi- chael, bart. a daughter. Lady Helena RJbinson,a daugh^ tcr. June, I' The wife of the Bishop of Lon- don, a son. Lady Charlotte Dmmmond^ a son. Lady Hawkins, a son. Lady Linlehalrs, a daughter. Lady Am«-lia Kayes, a son. Lady of Major-gen Sir H. M. Vavasour, a son and heir. Hon. Mrs. Cochrane, a daughter July, Lady Kinnaird, a son. Conntes. of Shannon, a daughter The wile of Hon. G^en. St. John, a daughter. Couniess of Chicliester, a daugh- ter. Lady Foley, a son. The lady of Sir J. Trollopc, a son. Hon. Mrs. Wodehouse, a son. Countess Dowager of Massarcne, wife of G. Doran, esq. a son. The wife of Major-gen. Desbo- rough, a daughter. The wife of Major-gen. Hod. Alex. DufF, a son. Countess de Salts, a son. Right Hon. Lady Sarah Morray, a daughter. Countess of Ashbnmbanij a daughter. The wife of Hon. Rev. A. H. Cathcart, a daughter. The lady of Sir G. W. Deoy^ M. P. a daughter. Lady CHRONICLE. H3 I^ady Caroline Wood, a son. The lady of Sir B. R. Grabaip^ bart. a son. Lady Jane Taylor, a son. The lady of Sir James W. Mac- kenzie, ban. a son and heir. The lady of Sir Ktith Dick, bt. a daughter. ylugust. The lady of Lieut.-general Sir Alex. Hope, a son. Duchess of Buccleugh, a daugh- ter. The wife of Lieut. -gen. Loft, a son. \nscountessPelliDgton, a daugh- ter. Viscountess Anson, a daughter. Lady Thtodosia, wife of T.Rice, e&q. a son and heir. The lady of James Stronge, a daughter. The lady of Sir George Bowyer, bart. a son. The lady of the Hon. H. St. John, a daughter. The lady of Hon. Archibald Macdonald, a .son. The wifeof Major-gen. Seymour, a son. Rt.Hon. Lady King, a daughter. The lady of Sir R. Rivers, a son. Lady Theodosia Hale, a son. The wife of General Onslow, a daughter. ITie lady of Hon. Hugh Percy, a daughter. The Countess of Moray, a sod. Lady Bagot, a daughter. Viscountess Barrington, a son. The lady of Sir Edw. O'Brien, bart. M. P. a son. Septemher, Right Hon. Lady Isabella Anucr -Brydgesj a son and heir. Lady £. Murray, a son. • The wife of the Hon. Rev, G(« rard Noel, a son and heir. The wifeof Major-rgcn. Egcrton, a daughter. The wife of T. G. Eslcourt, esq, M. P. a daughter. Lady Hunter Blair, 9 son. October, The wife of Maj.-gcn. Cookson, a daughlc'r. 1 he lady of Sir J. Reade, bart. a son and heir. The wife of Major-Gcn. Wilder, M. P. a daughter. The wife of Jos. Marry at, c§q. M P. a daughter. Countess of Pembroke, a daugh- ter. Lady Thurlow, a son. The wifeof Col. Hughes, M- P. a daughter. The wife of J. Archer Houblop, esq. MP. a son. Lady Frances Osborn, a son. • The lady of Sir C M. Burrell, a son. The lady of Sir R. H. Bromley, bart. a daughter. Lady Eliz. Norman, a son. The wife of Right Hon. Maurice Fitzgerald, knight of Kerry, . a daughter. The wife of W. Duff Gordon, esq. M. P. a son. Kovemler, Countess of Bristol, a son. Lady of Sir W. Pole, bart. a daughter. Hon. Mrs. Murray, a daughter The lady of Sir Robert Graham, bart. a daughter. Countess of Lindsey, a son and heir. The 134 ANNUAL REGISTER, 18J4. The wife of William Dickinson, esq. M.P. a daughter. Viicountess Jocelyn, a daughter. The wife of J. Littleton, cscj. M. P* a daughter. Countess of Clonmell, a daugh- ter. The lady of Sir Orford Gordon, bart. a daughter. Lady Alicia Paunccford Dun- combe^ a daughter. The wife of Major-Gen. Col- quhoun Grant, a daught<»r. The lady of Sir L.T.W. Holmes, bart. M. P. a daughter. Lady Mary Hay, a daughter. . The wife of Hon. W. H. Quin, a daughter. The wife of Robert Shaw, esq. M. P. Dublin^ a son. • pecemb^. The wife of Maj.-gcneral Beat- son, a daughter. Lady Brooke, Norton, Cheshire, a son and heir. Hod. Mrs. Codrington, a daugh- ter. The lady of Sir Os. Mosley, bart, a son . Lady Bridport, a son and heir. The wife of Thomas Peregrine Courtenay, esq. M. P. a son. The Marchioness of Donegal, a son. Hon. Mrs. Palmer, a daughter. Tlie lady of Sir J. Burke, bart. a aon. The wife of Major-gen. Halkett, a son. Lady Boughey, a son. Hon. Mrs. H. W. Wynne, a daughter. Hon. Mrs. Morris, a daughter. Hon. Lady Levinge, a son. The wife of Major-gen. Head, a daughter. The wife of O. V. Knox, e>q. a son and heir. MARRIAGES. January, Sir John Chandos Reade, Bart, to Louisa, youngest daughter of the late David Murray, Esq. " F. Jack Necdham, Esq. eldest son of the Hon. Gen. Nerdham, to Jane, fifth daughter of G. Gunn, Esq. Hon. A.Stuart, to Sophia Isa- bella, eldest daughter of G. Lenox Conyngham, Esq. Right Hon.C. Arbuthnot,M P. to Harriet, daughter of the late Hon. H. Fane. Sir Jonah Wheelt^r, Bart, to Eli- zabeth, daughter of W. Browne* £sq. Felfruary, Hon. and Rev. Fred. PJcydrll Bouverie, to Eliza, daughter of the late Sir R. J, Sullivan, Bart. John BlachfordjEsq.of Altadorc, to Anne, daughter of the Rt. Hon, Henry Grattan. Right Hon. Thomas Wallace, M. F. to Jane Viscountess Mel- ville. David Ker, Esq. to Lady Selina, daughter of the Karl of London- derry. ' Hon. John Reginald Lygon, son of Lord Beauchanip, to I^dy Char- lotte Sjcott. March. The Earl of Portsmouth, to the eldest daughter of h Hanson, Esq. • ^ AprU^ ♦w CHRONICLE* li6 April. Sir S. Houghton Clarke, Bart, to Catharine, second daughter of J. Houghton James, Esq. of Ja- maica. Marquis Spinetto, to the eldest daughter of Richard Campbell, Esq. . Hamilton Fitzgerald, Esq. to Lady Charltpte Rawdoii, sister of Earl Moira. Viscount Althorpe, to Esther, onlj daughter and sole heiress of the late Richard Acklum, Esq. Notts. Lord George Quin, (son of the Marquis oi Headlort») to Lady Georgiana Charlotte, second daugh- ter of Earl Spencer. J. H. Smyth, Esq. M. P. to Lady Elizabeth Anne Fitzroy, third daughter of the Duke of Grafton. T. G. Babington. Esq. to the Hon. Augusta Julia, fourth daugh- ter of Sir Gerard NocU Bart. Licut.-gcn. Sir G. R. Dyer, Bart, to Elizabeth, only child of the late James Stapderwick, Esq. Major-general Lethbridge, to Frances, widow of Chas. Fowler, Esq. May, Viscount Kennedy, to the only child of the late Alex. Allardyce, Jisq. Hon. and Rer. J. £. Boscawen, to Catherine Eliz. eldest daughter «f Arth. Annesley, Esq. . J. C. Ramsden, eldest son of Sir J. R. Bart, to Isabella, daughter of Lord Dundas. Sir David Ogil by, Bart, to Miss £. Duncan. Lord Folkstone, to the daughter of Lady MiUmay. G. H. D. Pennant, Esq. to Eli* zabeth, eldest daughter of the latd Hon. W. H. Bouverie. Rev. G. T. Prety man, second son of the Bishop of Lincoln, to Ame- lia, youngest daughter of Christ. Tower, Esq. W. Males, Esq. to Lady Pil* kington. June* « J. H. T. Stapleton, Esq. to tin Hon. Miss Fitzroy, eldest daughter of the late Lord Southamptoik C. C. Cavendish Esq. son' of Lord G. H. C. to Susan Catharine Gordon, eldest daughter of tin) Earl of Aboyne. Lord Combermere to Miss Gr(!« ville. J. James, Esq. to Lady AmelUi Jane Stewart, daughter of the Earl of Londonderiy. John Buller, Esq. to Harriet, daughter of Sir Edward Hulse, Bart. Major.-general. Williamson, to Sarah, daughter of the late J. Twistleton Crampton, Esq. John Talbot, Esq. nepliew and heir of the Earl of Shrewsbury, to Maria, eldest daughter of W. Tal- bot^ Esq. ofCastle Talbot, Ireland July, T. B. Evans, jun. Esq. to Char- lotte, second daughter; and Sir Frederick Baker, Bart, to Harriet, third daughter of J. Simeon, Esq. M. P. Major. -gen. Carey, to Caroline, ' fourth daughter of Samuel Smith, Esq. M. P. Marquis of Worcester, to Miss Georgiana Fredcrica Fitzroy. George W. Fmch HattoB, Esq. to 186 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. to Georgiana Cjirollne. eldest daughter of thfc Duke of Montrose. August, Sir M^rk Mastermtn Sykes, Bart, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Egcrtofi, ofTatton Park. Lord Clinton, to Frances Isa- bella, eldest daughter of W. S. Poyntz, Esq. Lord Fitzroy Somerset, to Emily Harriet, second daughter of Right Hon. W. Wellesley Pole. The Earl of Cavan, to Lydia, second daughter of the late W. Arnold, Esq. The Earl of Morton, to Susan Elizabeth,, grand-danghter of th« late Hon. Justice BuUer. Sir Godfrey Webster, Bart, to Charlotte, eldest daughter of R. Adamson, Esq. At New Strelitz, His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumber- land, to the Dowager Princess of Salras, born Duchess of Mccklen- burgh Strelitz. Hon. W. Elliot, to Susan, daughter of the iate Sir John Mor- daant. Septemher. Right Hon. Frederick Robinson, to Lady Sarah Hobart, daughter of the Earl of Buckinghamshire. Sir George Jackson, Bart, to Mrs. Day. Right Hon. William M*Mahon, Master of the Rolls, Ireland, to Miss Shaw, daughter of 11. Shaw, Esq. M. P. for Dublin. W. Beamish, Esq. of Beaumont, Ireland, to the Hon. Mary de Courcy, youngest daughter of Lord Xinsale. Gt^or^ Wilbraham, Eiq. De« lamere Lodge, to Lady Anne Fortescue, daughter of Earl For* tescue. October, T. Tyrwhitt Drake, Esq. M. P. to Barbara Caroline, second daugh- ter of A. Annesley, Esq. Major-gen. Dillon, to Letitia Eliz. second daughter of the late W. Knox, Esq. Novemler, Sir Charles Henry Coote, Pre* micr Baronet of Ireland, to Caro- line Eliz. second daughter of ToliQ Whalley, Esq. Deceinler, Rear-adm. George Johnstone Hope, to Georgiana, second daugh- ter of Lord Kinnaird. Hon. and Rev. P. Anthony Irby, to Patience Anne, t-ldest daughter of Colonel and Lady Sarah deCrcs- pigny. J. P. Morier, Esq. Under-Secre- tary of Stair, to Horatia, eldest daughter oi Lord Hugh Seymour. Lord Hen. Somerset, to Lady Catharine Annesley, daughter of the Earl of Mountnorris. Sir Philip TVaiicis, K. B- to Em- ma, daughter of the Rcv. H. Wat- kins. Hon. T. Erskine, to Henrietta Eliza, daughter of Henry Troul, Esq. Richard Paul Jodrell, jun. Esq. to Amelia Caroline King, daugh- ter of I he Earl of Kingston. Lieut .-gen. John Manners Kerr, to Alisfi Davies, of PJas Issa. Hon. George QcrmaiDe, to Miss Pearcc. * Major.«gen. CHRONICLE. 127 Major.-gen. Hon. E. Capcl, to Donna Barrarila Moretti, of Ca- cUz. PROMOTIONS. February, Lieut. -gen. Hildebrand Oakes, Bart. Lieut. -gen. of the Ord- nance. Geo. Hen. Rose, Esq. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary to the King of Bavaria. James^ Esq. Secretary of Legation. Lieut.-gen. Sir James Leith, K. B. Captain -general and Go- vernor in Chief of the Leeward Islands. John David Macbridc, D. C. L. Lord Almoner's Reader in Arabic, Oxford. March, Serjeant M'Mahon, Keeper of the Rolls in Ireland. Sir W. Garrow, Attorney-gen, Chief Justice of Chester. Lord Melville, Chancellor of the University of St. Andrews. Jeffery Bent, Esq. Chief Justice of New South Wales. April, Rev. Richard Hewit, Principal of Hertford College, Oxford. Rev. Geo. Thackeray, Provost of -King's College, Cambridge. Lord Napier, Commissioner to the General assembly of the Church or Scotland. j^^ir Alex. Thomson, Knt. Chief ~^*^ti of the Exchequer, a Privy ^^^nscllor. May, Marquis Wellington, a Duke. Lieut.-gen. Sir J. Hope, Baron Niddry. Lieut.-gen. Sir T. Graham, Bi- ron l^ynedoch. Lieut.-gen. SirS. Cotton, Baroa Combermere. Lieut.-gen. Sir R. Hill, Baroa Hill. Lieut.-gen. Sir W. C. Bereaford^ Baron Beresford. Sir J. Beresford, Knt. captain ia the Navy, a Baronet. Earl St.Vincent, General of Ma- rines. Sir R. Onslow, Lieut.-gen. ot Marines. Lord Keith, a Viscount. Vice-adm. Sir E. Pellew, Baroo Exmouth. Admiral Cornwallis, Vic6-adm. of the United Kingdom, Admiral Young, Rear-adtniral. Earl of Abergavenny, Knight of the Thistle. Lord Middleton, Lord Lieute- nant of the county of Surrey. June, Sir Charles Stunrt, K. B. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary at the Court of France. Thomas Sydenham, Esq. Envdy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary at Lisbon. Stratford Canning, Esq. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary to the Confederated Swiss Cantons. Mr. H. Addington, Secretary of Legation to the same. Viscount Cathcart, an Earl. ' Earl of Aberdeen, a Viscount. Sir Charles W. Stewart, a Baron •nd Extra Lord cf the Bedchamber. Earls 188 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Earls of Chichester and CIan« cartjT, Postmasters-general. Right Hon. William DdmviUe, Lord Mayor of London, a Baronet. Rev. Dr. Winstanley, Laudian Professor of ^rabic^ Oxfords July, Dake of Wellington, Ambassa- dor Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of France. Lord F. Fitzroy, Secretary to the Embassy. Hon. Charles Bagot, Colin Mac- kenzie, Esq. and Archibald Elijah Impey^ Esq. Commissioners for lk, aged 68. THia learned CHRONICLE. 135 Ic^oied man, descended from pa- rents in humble Jife, and destitate of early, a^ivantages in education^ acquired a high reputation in orien- tal literature, and made himself known by various publications iQ that department. 27. Viscount Hqmi/fon, son of the Marquis of Abercorn. ' 2S. Rt: Hon. miliam Eden, Baron Auckland. This nobleman was the third son of Sir Rob. Eden, bart. of 'Wek Auckland, in the county of Durham, and was brought up to ihe bar. In 1772 he published his valuable work en- titled *' Priticiplesof Penal Law/* and. in that year quitted the K^gal profession for the post of Under Sc- circtary of State. He was returned M. P. foe Woodstock in 1774, and in 1776 was appointed one of the Lords of Trade. As a mem- ber of the House of Commons, he distinguished himself by his atten- tion to public business, and took a leading part on several important subjects of internal regulation. He was one of the commissioners deputed in 1778 to America for the purpose of reconciling the co- lonies with the mother country, and after its failure he engaged as a' writer in the dispute. In 1780 he accompanied the Earl of Car- lisle to Ireland as his chief secre- tary, and had a great share in the establishment of a national bank in that country. After his return, he was Rl^de a privy counsellor, and in 1786 was sent as minister- plenipotentiary to the court of Versailles for the purpose of nego- ttttting a cotnmercial treaty. Se- iferaX other important concerns were also entrusted to nis manage- ment, in which he acquitted hmi- M( with ^,t alpility. In 1788 he went as ambassador, extraprdi- nary and plenipotentiary to the court of Madrid ; apd, on his re- turn in 1789, was raised to the dignity of an Irish peer. Soon after, be was nominated afnbassa* dor to the Seven Unitfd, Provinces, and by his negotiations exerted himself to promote the indepen- dence of that country, and its con- nection with Great Britain. He returned thither in the same capa- city in 1792, and in the followihg. year was raised to the British peer- age. He vigorously supported the measures of Mr, Pitt's administra- tion boih by speech and pen ', and his various services received the. reward of a pension. His lordship, married in 1776 the youngest, daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot^ mji Minto, by whom he had a uiune- rous issue. 31. Sir Nash Grose, knt. Jalje. one of the judges of the Court of King's Bench^ in his 74th year. June, 4. Viscount Lascel/es, eldest son of the Earl of Uarewood. 6. The JRt. Hon, John Mdn^ tague. Earl of Sandwich, joint Post- master-General and a Privy Coun- sellor, aged 71. LaJy Catherine Frances MontU' gue Scott, 4th daughter of the Duke of Buccleugh. 7 . jpxa* u;ife of the Hoft. Peter Boyle Elaquiere. 9. Sir T. Oarr, knt. 10. Caroline fVatson, an emi* nent engraver, in her 54th year. 11. iMdy Eanily Harvey, 13. John Ley, jplsq. deputjr clerk of the House of Commons, in his 8 2d year. The ^oune^ whe^ informed of his deftth, p4Jd:^ bo^* ' "liourabfo \36 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1&14. npurable tribute to bis wortb and services of 47 years. 15. Potertlindlqy, D. D Pro- feasor of Divinity in the university of Glasgow, aeed 94. 16. Chorus Henry 3Iordatmt, Earl of Peterborough and Mon^ mouth, in bis 57th year. By bis death the earldom is extinct. 17. H, Treiham, Esq. R. A. member of the academies of Rome and Bologna. He was a native of Ireland^ and long resided in Italy, ^r improvement as a painter, by which he acquired a marked pre- dilection for the Roman school. As an artist be possessed conside- rable talents ; but be was particu- larly distinguished as an ei^cellent judge of the productions of art» ancient and modem, in which ca- pacity be was selected to superin- tend the splendid publication of engravings from the works of an- cient masters in English collections, undertaken by Mess. Longman and Co. Mr. Tresham also posses- sed a talent for poetry, and was much esteemed for his social qua- lities. 21, Baron Mtnto, late Qovernor- general of India, aged 6^. He was the son of Sir Gilbert Elliut, a distinguished member of Parlia- ment in the court interest: but upon his own entrance into the House gf Commons, in 1774, he took the side of opposition. He continued to support the measures of that party with high reputation, till the alarm excited by the French revolution caused him, with many others, to go over to the ministry 5 and having been made a member of the PrivyrCpuncil in 1793, he was sent to Corsica to negociate the'acoession of that island to the goyeitjgolf of Great Britain. He accepted, for his Majesty, the royal title of Corsipa, and conti^ nued there as Viceroy till the pre- valence of the French party oblige ed him to quit it. After his re- turn he was raised to the British peerage, and in 1797 was sent ambassador to Vienna. He suc- ceeded the Marquis of Wcllesley in the general government of In- dia, and apcompanied the expedi-* tion for reducing the island of Java in iSii. Returning at the expiration of bis authority, he experienced a gradual decline of healthy which, at lengtli^ brought his life to a close. Sir Erasmus Gower, knt. Ad-f miral of the White, in bis 7 2d year. 24. Sir T. Roberts, bart. Irel, in bis 78tb year. 29. Hon, Mrs. Caroline Htnue, widow of Jr H. Esq. of HounsloWj in her 93d year. Mary Viscountess Went^vorih^ daughter of Chancellor Northing- ton> and relict of tbe last Earl Ligor nier. Hon, Catt, Walfole, 2d son of the Earl of Orford, aged 30. Lately, Frances Muriel, Baroness Adare. John Lemon, Esq. M. P. fov Truro. j4Jm, Sir T. Qrqves, K. 3» Rev. Sir Robert Hughes, bart. Lady Gierke, wife of Rev. Jo|f Townseud, Rector of Pcwscy, July, 8. Sir Souldeu Latvrenee, knt. Justice of the Court of Coramoo iPleas. 9. Rt, Rev. Dr. Delqmf, titu- lar bishop of the unite4 diooean of Kildareand Lougblin. CHRONICLE. 137 n. WiUiam Viscount Howe, Jn bis 85th year. He was the 3d son of Emanuel Scrope, Viscount Howe, and at an early age entered into the army, in which he was advanced to the rank of colonel in 1762. During the seven years war he served in America under Gen Wolfe with great reputation, and in 1772 was made Major- Gcneral. When the war with the colonies broke out, he was sent to America as Commander-in-chief, to which station he was generally thought to have proved himself un« equal, though undoubtedly brave, and skilful as colonel of a regi* ment. His services were, however, rewarded by professional advance- ment and other honours, and in 1805 the government of Plymouth was conferred upon him, which he held to his death. He succeeded in 1799 to the Jrish peerage held by his brother Richard, which, by his death without issue, becomes extinct. 16. Rt, Hon. Lady Sinclair. 1 8. Mi/fs Peter /indrews, Esq. M. P. author of several dramatic pieces. 19. Matthew Ffinders, captain in the navy, distinguished as a ma- rine discoverer, and circumnavi- gator. His exertions were im- peded, and his health irreparably injured, by a (ong and shameful imprisonment at the isle of Mau- ritius. He just survived to finish the printing of bis last voyage to X'erra Australis. 20. Sir Beaumont Dixie, bart. 33. Sir Edw. May, bart. M. P. A^r Belfast. 25. Charles Dibdin, a celebrat- ed writer of humorous songs and fTQunc pieces for the theatre. %7. R. Fleming Ww$eiey HoJkms, Esq. M. P. for Newport. , Lately, Lady Harriet Gordmt^. daughter of the late Earl of Aber- deen, and widow of Robt. G. E$q^^ Sir Walter Montgomery Cm^ ningham, bart. A. Ho'n. G. Ogle, Governor d Wexford, aged 75. Dowager Laeiy Caher, Major 'Gen. Douglas, of woundi received before fiayonno. August, 5. Lady Manners. F. J. Jackson, Esq. late "EafOf Extraordinary and Plenipotentmry to the United States of AmericagL in his 44th year. 7. The wife of Gen. U^myard. 8. Hon. Mrs. Laurence Wafi pole, 14. EJwardHutseyDelaval, Esq* F. R. S. author of several learned papers in optics and experimental philosophy, aged 85. 15. Admiral Skeffington Luim tviilge, in his 78th year. Rt. Hon. Mary Andalusia, Bfi^ roness Rendlcsham, in her aod year. 16. The wife of MaJor^Gen, Thomas Dallas. Anne Countess of Desart, widow of the late, and mother of the pm* sent earl. 17. Sir John Pollen, bart ia his 74th year. 19. Benjamin Count Rumford, aged 63. This distinguished cha* racter, whose name was TAompsom, was bem in the small town of Romford in New England. H0 received the assistance of a profoa« tor of natural philosophy of dm AmencfW 138 ANNUAL B^BGISTER, 1814. AmericaD notversity of Cambridge 10 his education ; aod having made aB advaDtageous marriage, obtain- ed tiie rank of major in the militia of his district. In the colonial war be took part with the mother country, and made himself useful to the British commanders. Com- ing to England, he obtained a post in the office of Lord G. Gcrmaine, and the rank of a provincial Lieut.- Coloneli which entitled him ta half-pay. He was knighted in 1784, and was for a time one of the Under Secretaries of State. He afterwards went to the conti- nent, and was received into the senvioe of tl)e Elector of Bavaria, where he introduced various useful reforms in the civil and military departments, as a reward for which he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and created a count. At Munich he began those eKperiments for the improvement of fire places, and the plans for the better feeding and regulation of the poor, which rendered him particularly celebrated. He quitted Bavaria in 1799, and resided socne iiipe in England, pursuing bis ex- periments respecting culinary fire with a success which has rendered him the author of improvements in that branch of domestic eco- nomy which have been very gene« rally adopted in the three king- doms. Being a member of the Boyal Society, he transferred to tliat institution loool. 3 percent. stocki the Interest of which was to provide a biennial premium for discoveries on the subject of heat aod light. He also suggested the plan, and zealously assisted in the fcmnetioD, of the Royal Institution in-Alfcemarle-street. In 1802 he left England for France, which was thenceforth his residence. He • entered into a second iparriage with the widow of the celebrated chemist Lavoisier, which, however, soon termiiiated in a separation. Ue ret'nred to a country* hoose at Auteuil, about four miles, from Paris, where he devoted himself to philospbical pursuits, nearly se- cluded from society, bis temper and manners being little calculated for social converse. As a man of science he was characterized by singular ingenuity in contriving in-* struments and devising experi- ments. His only separate publica- tion was a series of " Essays, eX" perimental» political, economical and philosophical," which Wjcre much read, and collectively a- moutited to eighteen in number, filling 4 vols. 8vo. 20. Robert Henly, Lord OngJey, aged 42. 21. Elizalcth Anne Cooper^ daughter of the late Right ¥tfXk, Sir Grey Cooper. 24. Harriet Katherine, Duckeu of Bucdeugh and Queensherry, aged 41. Her Grace was youngest daughter of Thomas Viscount Sydney, and was married to the Earl of Dalkeith, now Diike of Buccleugh, in 1795. She hasleft two sons and four daughters, and her loss is deeply regretted, aawell by her family, as by an extensive circle, who were the objects of her beneficence. 25. Hon. W. Fred, Mackenzie^ son of Lord Seafortb, and M. P; for the county of Ross. 2Q. DianaCountes^o/Glandore, aged 58. She was daughter of Lord G. Germaine, after wacdf Viscount S^ckville. 30. In action with the Ameri- cans, Sir Peier.FarhiuB^t. cap? tain in the. navyj, son of Rear-ad- miral George P. H Lately, CHRONICLE. rag Lately, J^ce-ad/mral Arthur Phi" Sir C. Des ^oettT,Bart. of Wood- ball, Yorkshire. Harriet f eldest daughter of Visr coQut Gorman^ton. September. 4. Sir George Glynn, Bart, in his 76th year. 7. Lady Marif Martin, sister of the Duke of Aihol^ iu her 46th year. 8. Her Majesty the Queen of the Two Sicilies, daughter of the Em- press Maria Theresa^ in her 63d year. 13. In an attack on the Ameri- cans near Baltimore, Major-Gen, Robert Ross, highly esteemed both in bis military and private chai'ao- tcr. 22, Sir Erasmus Burrows, Bart, of Portarlington. At Berlin, Augustus IViUiani Iffiand, the celebrated German actor and dramatic writer, aj^ed 56. 23. Right Hon. Thomas Egerton, Ear/ of If^ilton, aged 65. He was ^ised to the peerage in 1784 as •Baron Grey de Wilton. Anna Maria, wife of SirTbomas Gooch, Bart. Major-General Fisher. Lately, i\ight Hon, Anthony Nu- ent, Lord Ri-verston. Rev, Sir Careiv Vyvyan, Bart, LaJy Fiscountess Mount joy, October, a. Sarah Countess of Denbigh, "^^tdow of the late Basil £ari of ►igh, in her 74th year. Sir Edtvard Nevuenham, aged . He was many years M. P. for tie county of Dublin. 4. Samuel Jaeksom^ Pratt ^ n copious, and in some degree^ a popular writer in prose and vent^ in his 65 tb year. 7. Lady Cunliffe, relict of Sia Ellis C. 8. Jane, widow of Right Hon. Sir Richard Heron, Bart, aged 91* 13. Lady Munro, widow of Sir Alex. M. 16. Sir jr. J for thington, Dublin, in his 85th year. 17. Lady Elixahcth papier, widow of Sir Gerard N. and of James Webb, Esq. 29. Right Hon. W, HumUitnt^ Lord Befhaven, aged 49. 30. Sir Roiart A\ Gore Booth, Bart, 31. Right Hon. EHz. Baroness Conyngham, in tier 84th year. Lately, Sir Francis Hopkins, Bart, of At b boy, co. Meath. Novanher. 3. JFiUiam Richardson, Es^ Professor of Humanity in the University of Glasgow, known by his work on the characters in Shakespeare. 6. Sir Robert UArty HHyara, Bart. 8. T, JVyndham, Esq. who bad represented the county of Glamor* gan in eight successive parliaments TO. Sir Btisick Harwood, KSb, M. D. Professor of Anatomy in the University of Cambridge. 14. At Geneva, John Marquk-i^ Bute, in his 71st year, 18. Elixabeth Baroness Kenf sington,9ged'j^, 2 1 . Vice Admiral M'DougaJ, ia bis 66th year. 22. Lady Gtorgiana Les&s, youngest daughter cf the Eaii «f Rothes. a6. Sir 140 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. 26. Sir J^. Gibhonst Bart 27. Hon, Ammeus de Caurcy^ fifth fon €i Lord Kinsale. 28. U^UUam Charles Yelverton, discount Avonm9r€t in his 53d year. 09. Anthony yames Badchffft Idtnngston, Earl of Newburgk, Decemher, 4. EUza Bankes, fifth daughter of Sir Edmund Cradock Hariopp^ Bart. 9. Bight Hon. Thomas Lotd Ffrench. Joseph Bramah, Esq. eminent as anveogineer and mechanist. 10. The Rev. James SaUt, D.D. in hii 8 1 St year. He was a native of Leeds, and was educated at Cambridge, where he became a very popular preacher. In 1765, residing in London, and being intimate with Lord Sandwich and other public characters, he wrote a lenes (^f political letters in the Public Advertiser under the signa- ture of Antisejanus^ which were very much read, and conferred great temporary fame on their author. He was some time after lecturer at a church in Leeds, where he attracted a numerous audience; and in 1771, through the interest of Lord Sandwich, he lined the valuable rectory of mburn in Northumberland. The neglect of his predecessor in exactlflg his legal demands was the cause that Dr. Scott was involved in a tedious litigation with his parishioners, which was at length doifid on terms favourable to him; bat the enmity he had inctirred canted him to quit the place, after which he resided partly in London fud partljT at tj^e (toi^ae pf his curate in Yorkshire. Besid political writings, hr publish^ occasional sermons, and Seatonian prize p<}ems. He in a hospitable style, was pd his manners, and agrceab conversation, and long rctain< character of an eloquent powerful preacher. Rev. John Evclcigh, D. D. vost of Oriel College, Oxfon Prebendary of Rochester, i 67th year. IT. Right Hon. William Ht Lord Coteraine. He is succ by his brotfier, George Hang Susan, Countess Dr^u*ag Westmoreland, in her 69th yi 13. At Vienna, the Prir, Ligne, aged 79, celebrated ( wit, and his intimacy with of the greatest personages < time. He possessed estates i different kingdoms, whose reigns, one after the other, over to Buonaparte ; bene once said, *' I have never det my country, but tive cou have deserted me.'* He obs< shortly before he expired, th was preparing a new spectacl the assembled sovereigns, < having been exhausted, that < funeral of a field marshal ; a fact his obsequies were celeb with extraordinary pomp. 14. Lady Myers, relict of 1 Gen. Sir Wiliikm M Bart. 21. Hon. F. J. H. Kim third son of the late Lord K. 32. Lady Gott, relict of S T. Gott. in ber76thyeai-. 24. Mrs. Fortescue, moth Viscount Clermont. 25. The Lndy of T. As Smith, Esq. M. P. for Andov 26. Rear Admiral Thomas /«w, aged 53, 29. CHRONICLE. 14J 29. The Eight Hon, Baron Nugent , Earl of IFtstmeatA, \n hh Mount Sandford, of Castlerca, co. 55lh year, governor and cust. rotol. KoscommDn. in his 641I1 year. of ihe county of Wcstmcaih, and a 30. T^ie Rif^ht Hon, Geo, Fred, privy counsellor of Ireland. CENTENARY DEATHS. January. Isaac /Fi//an, Orton^Wcstmore* land, 101. Mrs. Manj Gilbs, New Buck* Bet*. J. Bedwell, rector of Old- enhuni^ ici*. stocky near Salisbury, 103. February. July. Thomas Wilkins, M.D. Gal way, Mrs. Anne Henderson, a native Ireland^ 102. General Wolfe died of fiamffsbire, 103. in his^arms. fVilUam ButAven, bom in the parish of A^'ondnle, Scotland, 1 1 6. March. Air. B. lf7/ioii,Tinwald Downs Dumfriesshire, 101. /. Jeniiings, 109. He entered in James Beaty, ftjmtr, a native of the royal navy in the last year of Noynalty, county of Meath» 112. Queen Annf, and served till 17929 after which he followed daily September. labour till he was 105^ and retained his faculties almost to the last. Thomas Gaughan, county^ of A/ary i^T/ie;^ Giasnakilly^ Lie of Mayo, 112. Sky, 127. April December. Mrs. Elit. Barwis, relict of J. ' Gillies M'Kechnh, Gourocke, Barwis, E^q. of Langrigg Hall, Scotland, who had fought under Cumberland, 100. the Pretender, 104. Jonathan IVeetdon, Tibshelft, June. Derbyshire, 102. John GdrroM^, Northumberland 110. SHERIFFS. ANNU,A;L fREGISTER, 1814. SUERIFPS Appointed by the Prince Regent in Council for the Tear l8l4< ^edfordsliire, Stephen Thornton, of Moggerbaqger^ Esq. ierkshire, Robert Hopkins^ of Tidmargb, Esq. duckiDgbamsbire^ Sir William Clayton, of Harleyford, ^)sq. Cambridge and Huntingdonshire, Jonathan Page, of £ly> Esq* Cheshire, John B. Glegg, of Gayton, Esq. Cumberland, T. Benson, of Wreay Hall, Esq. Derbyshire, F. Hurt, of Alderwasley, Esq. Devonshire, J. Ncwcomb, of Star Cross, Esq. Dorsetshire, Sir J. W. Smith, of Syelling St. Nicholas, Bart. .Essex, R. Wilson, of Woodbouse, Esq. Gloucestershire, Sir Charles Cockerell, of Seasoncote, Bart; Herefordshire, E. M. Barrett, of Hopend, Esq. Herts/' N. S. Parry, of Hadbam End, Esq. Kent, J. Wildman, of Chilbam Castle, Esq. Lancashire, L. Rawstorne, of Penwarthen Hall, Esq. Leicestershire, J. H. Franks, of Mister ton, Esq. Lincolnshire, R. Vyner, of Gaaltby, Esq. Monmouthshire, Sir Samuel Brudenel Fludyer, of Trostrey, Bart. Norfolk, Henry H. Henley, of Sandringham, Esq. Northamptonshire, John P. Clarke, of Wei ton, Esq. Northumberland, Sir Charles Loraine, of Kirk-Harle, Esq. Nottinghamshire, W . T. Norton Norton, of Elton, Ebq^ Oxfordshire, James King, of Neithrop, Esq. Rutlandshire, George Fludyer, of Aiston, Esq. Shropshire, William Cludd, of Orleton, Esq. Somersetshire, George Edward Allen, of Bath Hampton^ Etq^ Staflfbrdsbire, Sir Oswald Moseley, of RoUeston, Bart. Southampton, Richard Norris, of Basing Park, Esq. Suffolk, Edward Holland, of^Benhall, Esq. Surry, Richard Btrt, of Hull Grove^ Esq. Sussex^ T. P. Phipps, of Compton, Esq. Warwickshire, A. Hackett, of Moxbull,.Esq. Wiltshire, W. Wyndham, of Dinton, Esq. Worcestershire, J. Knight, of Lee Castle, Esq. Yorkshire, Sir Francis Linley Wood, of Hemsworth, Bart. SOUTH WALES. Caermarthenshire, Nicholas Burnell Jones, of Pantglaes^ Esq. Pembrokeshire, J. H. Powel, of Hook, Esq. Cardiganshire, T. Lloyd, of Bromwitb, Esq. Glamorganshire, Hon. W. B. Grey, of Dyffryn, Esq. BreooQibixe, John Hotcbkiss, of Glan Usk Villa, Esq. iUdxK>i»hire^ C. H. Price, of Knighton, Esq. CHRONICLE. 143 NORTH WALES. Menonethsbire, Wm. GiyfFydd Oakeley, of Tanybwltb, Esq. CamarvonRliirc, Cbarirs W. G. Wynne, of Ccfn Amwlcb^ Esq. Anglesey, G.T. Barirt>3r, of Tynyllwyn, Esq. Monlgofnery^hire, Arthur Davis Owen, of-Gbn Severn, EsQ. Denbighshire, Edward Rowland, of Garden Lodge, Esq. Flintshire, Roger Ellis, of Cornish, Esq. APPOINTED BY TBB PRINCE OF WALKS. Cornwall, Rose Price, of Kanegie, Esq, ArPhNWIX [ 144 ] APPENDIX TO chronicle: ARTICLES FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE. COLONIAL DEPARTMENT. the inclemency of the weatbcr, th'i Downing Street, Feb, 9. force arrived in the neighbodrhooi AOTSPATCH, of which the of Fort George, in time to frustrat following is a Copy> has been the enemy's predatory designs, iii< received by Earl fiathurst, one of to compel him to effect a prectpl his Majesty's principal Secretaries tate retreat across the Niagara ri of State, from Lieutenant -Greneral ver, having previously sent hi Sir George Prevost, Bart, com- ordnance and stores to his owi manding bis Majesty's forces in side, and stained the character o North America. the American nation by the waotoi Head Quarters, Quebec, Dec, 22. conflagration of the town of New My Lord, ark, r^uced at this most iaclemeir I have the honour to transmit to season to a heap of ashes, in direc your lordship Colonel Murray's violation of the reiterated protesta report to Major-General Vincent, tionsof the American eommandipj of his having taken possession of generals to respect and protect pri Fort George, at Niagara, on the vate property. I have much satifr 1 2th inst. without opposition. faction in adding to my report, tha In consequence of my having the promptitude with which Cola directed a forward movement to be nel Murray executed this service made by the advance of the right . has been the means of rescoinj division of the araxy serving in the a fertile and extensive district fron Csnadas, for the purpose of checks premeditated plunder, and its loya ing a system of plunder organised inhabitants from further outragt by the enemy against the loyal in- and captivity, habitants of the Niagara district) To I have, &c. Colonel Murray was ordered to EarJ Bathurst, &c. G. PilEVOST march with two six-pounders, a - small detachment of light dragoons, F^t GcQrge, Dec. 12,1813 and three hundred and fifty rank Sir,— Having obtained informa and file of the looth regiment, tion that the enemy had determin- commanded by LieuteDant-Cok>ndi ed on driving the country betweet Hamilton, together with seventy of Fort George and the advance, and the western warriors, under Lieu- was carrying off the loyal part ol tonant-Colonel Elliot, of the Indian the inhabitants, notwithstanding department} and notwithstanding the inclemenoy of ^ seasoo, J deemed APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. deemed it 017 iatj (o oaake a rapid and foToed march towardi him with the light troopt under tay coDHiMnd, which not only frus- trated hi* doigns, but compelled biiQ to CTflcuate Fort George, by precipitately crossing ibe river and abandoning tbe whol« of tbe Nia- gara frontier. On learning our ap- proach be laid the towaof Newark in ubei, pagsed over his caoncxi and atorei, but fiiiled in an attempt lo destroy tbe fbrLificationi, which are efidentlj'M) much itreDgtbeDBd whilst in hit pwKuion, ai might have enabled General M'Chin, (the commanding officer) to bare maiotKned a regular liege ; bat Mch WM the apparenr panic, that be Uft tbe whole of his teoti atand- jog. I tnut the iodefaligable eier- tiooa of thii haodful of men bare Tendered an etwntial lenrtce to the country, by rescuing from a mer- cilen enemy, tbe inhabitants rf an eKtenii*e and highly cnltivatfed tnct of land, stornd with cattle, grain, and proriiicMia of every detciiption; aitd it muat be an eullatioa to ibem to find them* Kkaa delirered from the t^>presnon ef a lawless banditti, compoaed of tin diuAetied of the country, omiuxed nnder the direct influence ofthe American got erument, who carried terror and disme/ into ever J &auly. J. AnJBRAY, Colonel. 1"^ Major-General Vincent, lEPAKTMBirr, Doumitig-Street, Jei. 6. fLetten to General Drummond tx-Juiscnitted by Sir G. Prevoit,] Vol, LVr. Furl Niagara, Otc. 19, Sir, In obedience to your bonovt'a commands, directing me to attack Port Niagara with tbe advanea of tbe army of tbe right, I reaoltsd uponatirmpting a snrprize. Tba embarkation commci>ced on the 18th at night, and Ibe whole of tfaa troopi were landed three mUei from the fort early on the foUowiaf morning, in the following order n attack: advanced guard, one iab> altern, and twenty rank and file; grenadien looth regimeot; royal artillery, with grenades) fivecam> psntes, looth regiment, nnder UeutenaDl-Colonel Hamilton, |o assault the main gate, andeacalade tbe works adjacent ; three omnpa- nies of the looth regiment, under Captain Martin, to storm the eastern demi-baation } Captaia Bailey, with the greoMdicrs Boyal Scoli, WM directed to attack the salient angle of the ibnificaliao, auJ tbe nank ounpauies < the 41st raiment were ordered lo support tba principal attack. Eaoh pniy was provided with scalia^ laddcra and asea, I have great sa til faction in acqnainting yoor honour, that the fortress was car- ried by assault in tbe most resnluia and gallant manner, after a short but spirited reiislaoce. [Heie follow encomiums upon tbe coaduct of Ijeutenaot-Coloael Hamilton, and several other ch- eers.] Our force consisted of about life hundred rank and file. — Annexed' is a return of our casualties, and the euemy'a loss in killed, wound- ed, £tid prismiers. Tbe ordnance and commissariat are so itnmeoae, that it if totally out of my power to. L IbrWArd L46 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. forward to you a comect statement for some days, but 37 pieces of ■canaon, of diflferent calibres, are .011 the works, aod upwards of 'diree thousand stand of arms and imeay rifles in the ataenal. The storehouses are full of- clothing ■aind e honqpr to be,'&c. (8fgned) J. Murray^ Ck)L •His honour Lieut. -Gen. Drummond, command- ' ing the forces in Upper Cana of the •Rojral Artiller)^ were wounded. ade sotne atteoapts daring the night upon thia -ad- titfnoed position, but were lepolsfd with loss. At day-break I moved Ibrwaid, icbe King's regiment aod Ugbt company of the 89th leading, the 41st and grenadiers.of the 100th ' lieing in reserve. The enemy -had by ^19 lime <^fied a very .heavy ^re of )cannon and musketry -oq the Royal Scots, onder Lieuienaot Lionel Gordon, who were des- tined to land above Black Rock, for the purpose of turning bis po- sition, while he should be attacked in front by the troops who landed below ) several of the boats having grounded, I am sorry to say this regiment sufitred some loss, and was not able to efl^ its iaading in sufficient time to fully accom- plish the object intended, thot^h covered by the whole of our field- guns, under Captaio Bridge, which were placed on theopposite bonk of the river. The King's and 89th' having in the APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 147 the oi^an time gained the town, oommenced a very spirited attack upon the enemy, who were in great force, and very strongly posted. TIjc reserve being arrived on the ground, the whole were shortly engaged. The enemy main- tained his position with very con- siderable obstinacy for sr)me time : but such was the spirited and de- termined advance of our troops, that he was at length compelled to give way, was driven throngh Lis t>atterie8y in which were a 24- poonder, throe .i2-pouoders» and one 9-pouQder, and pursued to the town of Buflaloe, about two miles distant; he here shewdd a large body of infantry and oawlty, and attempted to oppose our id- vance by the fire of a fkkl-ptote, pMtcd on a' bright, whieh'IMMli- isanded the road 9 but finding this inefTcctiial, be fled in all -di- rect ions an^l'boiaking himadf^to the woodst hirther pursuit #a.s Cfeleas. He left beliind hinl one 6-poundcr brasa fkhd-piece^ «trd •QC iron 1 8; andone iron 6-poiih3er, nrhich fell into our hands* I then procetH^ed to execute the ulterior object of the cKpedition, %nd detached Captain Robinson, of the King's, with two compa- oies. to destroy the two schooners «nd aloop (part of the enemy's lake squadron) that were on shore M little below the town, with the atorea they had on board, which lie effectually completed. The town itself (the inhabitants having previously left it) and the whole of the public stores, contaii;ing considerable quantities of clothing, spiriti, and flf/iir, which I had not the means it conveying away, >iirere then set on fire, and totally ^XMiaumed} as was aldo the village of Black Rock, on the evening it was evacuated. In obedience to your further instructions, I btve directed Lieutenant Colonel Gror- don to move down the river .to Fort Niagara, with a party of the iQlh light dragoons, under Ma|er Lisle, a detachment of the BojrBl Scots, and the 89th light oom* p;my, and deatroy the remaining cover of the enemy upon this frontier, which he has reported to have been effectually donCp From every account I have .been able to collect^ the>. enemy's fopoe opposed to us was not leiitbtti from 3,000 to 0,500 men | febeir I069 in killed *and wounded^ 'I should imagiue, from 3 to 400 1 but fixMn tbt nature of the conatry, bein^ mostly doverod with wpod, it is difficult to ascertain it pre* dselyp the'. same reason will ac- count ^r our aot having been able to make a greater number of pri* soners than 130. I have great sati^action in stating to you the good conduct- of the whole off the regular troops and volunteer mi« litia; but I must particularly mention the steadiness and bni# very of the King's regin^nt, and SQth light infantry. They were most gallantly led to the attack bjf Lieutenant Colonel Ogilvy, of the King's, v(/ho, I am sorry to say, received a severe wound, which will, for a time, deprive the senrieo of a very brave and intelligent officer. After Lieutenant CoK Ogilvy was wounded, the com* mand of the regiment devolved on Captain Robinson, who, by a very judicious movement to his right, with the three battalion companies, made- a considerable impression 011 the left oi the fVt^ my's position. L i ^Tb» 148 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. [The conduct of Lieutenant Co- loneli Gordon and £lliot^ Major Frend, and srveral other officersj is here mentioned in terms of dis- tinguished approbation.] 1 enclose a return of the killed, wounded, and missing, and of the ordibaoce captured at Black Rock and Buffalo. I ha^-e the honour to be, kc, P. RiALL, Major-Greoeral. Lieut«-Geueral Drnmmond. General total of killed^ wound- ed, and missing— 4 officers^ 3 Ser- jeants,^ 105 rank and file. CHBoers wounded — Lieut-Co- lonel OgUvy and Lieut. Yoong, of the King's regiments Captain Fawcett, of the looih regiment ; Captain Seroot, of the volonteer militia. [A statement of the ordnance taken is given in tfae> bodj of the dispatches.] Leunstan, Dee, 19^ 1813. Sir^ — ^According to your instruc- tions, J crossed the river this morning, immediately after the advance, under Colonel Murray, had passed over with the Royal Scots and 41st regiments, accom- panied by a large body of Indians, and marched upon Lewiston, -which the enemy had, however, abandoned upon our approach, leaving behind him a twelve and ttx-pounder gun, with travelling carriages, and every thing com- plete. I found in the place a considerable number of small arms, some ammunition, nine barrels of powder, and also a quantity of lk)ur, amounting, I believe, to two hundred barrels. I regret the troops had not the opportunity of coming in contact with the enemy. as I am convinced they would have acquired your fullest appro- bation. I have, &c. (Signed) P. RiALL, Major-Gen. Lieut. Gen. Drummond, &c. jidmiral/y' office, Jan. 22. Copy of a Letter from Vice- Admiral Sir Edward Pellew, Bart, to John Wilson Croker, £sq. dated on board his Ma- jesty's ship Caledonia, at Port Mabon, the 24th Dec 1813. Sir, — ^The enclosed narrative wyi conve)' to their Lordships the details of a gallant enierprize, very ably directed by Captain Sir Josiat Rowley, and most zealously executed by the fierce under bis commiand, in co-operation with the bettalion of Colonel Catanelli, wbonmdea descent on the coast of Italy, nmler a hope of surpris- ing Leghorn. The loss sostained in this alTair has been inconsi- dciable, when compared with that of the enemv. I am sore their Lordshipt will do ample justice 10 the merits of Sir Josias, and the captains, officers, seamen, and marines, engaged in this spirited service. 1 have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) £dw. Pbllbw. His Majesty s ship America, fiffLeglifn, Dee. 15. Sir,^I have the honour to in- form you, that in pursuance of my preceding communication to you from Palermo, I sailed thence on the 29th ult. in company with the Termagant, and anchored at Me- lazzo on the following night, where, having joined the Edin- burgh, Furieuse, and Mermaid, and APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 149 aod embarked on board them on the following day the troops of tbe Italian levy, amoonting to about I GOO men, under the command of Lieut .-Col. Catanelli, we sailed the same evening, and arrived on the coast of Italy, off Via Reggio, on the 9tb inst. ; having fiallen in with the Armada and Imperiense off tbe north of Contca, I de- tained them to assist us in getting the troops on shore. Having an- chored with the squadron off the town, the troops and field-pieces were immediately landed ; a small party of the enemy having evacu- ated the place on a summons that had been sent in, and possession was taken of two 1 8 and one 12- pounder guns, which defended the entrance of the river. The Lieu- tenant Colonel proceeded imme- diately to Lucca, which place was surrendered to him at twelve the sawe night The following day a detachment of forty royal marines froai this ship, under Captain R<*a, waa tent to a signal station to tjie northward, which on his threat- ening to storm, surrendered to him, and eleven men who defended if were made prisoners : he found it to be a castle of considerable size and strength, walled and ditched, and capable of containing near 1000 men. On receiving this re- port, I sent Mr. fiazalgette, senior lieoCenant of the America, who ^witb a few barrels of powder cxxnpletely destroyed it, bringing otf a brass nine pounder gun, >3vbsch was mounted in the castle. Xtetiesfrom the Imperieuse and iParkase also brought off two other \xnm guns firom the beach to the txNthward and southward of the toiwn, tlioae at the same place having alao been embarked. The lieutenant Colonel not judging it advistf>]e to return to Lucca, had given me notice of his intended return to Via Reggio, where he arrived on tbe morning of the 1 2th, and signified his in- tention to proceed in another di« rection. Not concaving my stay with this ship any longer necessary, I had made arrangements for leaving the Edinburgh, Purieuie, and Ter- magant, under the orders of Cap- tain Dundas, to keep up (if prac« ticable) a commtinication with the troops, and purposed sailing to • rejoin your flag as soon as it war dark, when towards sun-set we perceived a firing at the town, and found that the troops were attacked by a force of about six hundred cavalry and infantry, wi^h a howitzer and two field-pieces. They consisted of a detachment* fixim the garrison of Leghorn which had been joined on its march by some troops at Pita ; the Lieutenant Colonel completelT routed them, with the loss of tbeir guns and howitzer, and a consi* derable numberof killed, wounded* and prisoners; the remainder re- treated in much confusion towards Pisa. Information having been obtained from the prisoners of the weak state of the garrison at Leg* horn, the Lieutenant Colonel pro- posed to me to intercept the re* turn of the routed troops, by pro- ceeding immediate off Leghorn, in the hopes, that by shewing our* selves in as much force as possible, tiie inhabitants, who, it was sap* posed, were inclined to recdve nt, might make some movement in our favour, and that we might avail ourselves of any practicaUa opening to force our way into tbo place. I acceded to this proposal, and no ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. the troops were immediately em- barked in a number of country y^aa^f which were towed off by tl)e boats of the squadron, and the whole being taken in tow by the ships, we proceeded tlie same night for Leghorn roads, wht-re we anchored about three o'clock GQ the following day, to the northward of the town. The Im- perieuse having previously recon- noitered the best spot for landing, the vessels were immediately towed in shore, and the troops and (ield- pieces landed without opposition. The boats then proceeded to land the marines; but the weather^ which had been hitherto favoura- ble, in the course of the evening became so bad, that only a part cbold be got on shore ; and I regret to state that the pinnance of the America was swamped, and Lieut. Moody (a most valuable officer), and two seamen, were drowned. Early in the morning the remainder were landed, and prt)ceeded to the positions assigned them. The corps of the enemy, which hid been defeated at Via Reggio, was a second time reinforced at Pisa, and at this period mi^de an attack on our marines without the tower. I beg to refer you to Cap- tain Dundas's report, for the par- ticulars of their defeat : the Lieu- tenant Colonel suggested, as a proper time after this advantage, to summons the Commandant, which was accordtnely done, but an answer returned that he would defend liiniself. The gates of the town had been closely examined during this day and the preceding night, to ascertain the practica- biiity of forcing an entrance 5 but that or any other means of imme- diate attack not being considered practicable against a place so strong and regularly fortified, and there not appearing any movement of the inhabitants in our favour, the precarious and threatening state of the weather* a change of which would have prevented all commu- nication with the ships, rendered it expedient to re-embark the whole without delay : by very great exertions this was effected in the best order during the night, and early the following morning, iu very severe weather, without any molest a 1 ion from the enemy. On rf turning from the shore to the Ameri<*a at sun -set, I found a deputation from the Mayor and inhabitants of the town, who had been permitted by the Command- ant to come off with a flag of truce, to petition us to cease our Are from the houses, he having threatened to dislodge us by setting fire to the suburbs. As arrange- ments were already made for re^ embarking, I consented to a ces- sation of firing on both sides till eight the next morning : a fii- vourable circumstance for u8» the troops on their march to thr kxiats being exposed to a hre from the ramparts. I have very great satisfaction in reporting to you ihe zeal and good conduct of all the officers, seamen, and marines employed on the above-mentioned services. To Lieut .-Col. Catanelli every praise is due for his able and in- defetigabie exertions, and I feel thankful for his coniial co-opera- tion. The conduct of the troops o£ the Italian levy, both for bra» very and discipline in the fi^« and the cheer^lness with wiiich they endured the coQitam expo- sure APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. ui sure in boats in the most se- vere weather, excited our admi- ration. I am much lodebtcd to Captain Graul for his able advice aod as* sislaDce ; to ibe Hon. Captain Duudas, u'ho undertook the di- rection of the marines and seamen i and to Captain Hamilton, who volunteered bis services on shore, my thanks are particularly due, for the gallant manner in which they conducted them ; and I feel much indebted to the Hon. Cap- tain Duncan for the ready and useful assistance he afforded me on cftry occasion. Captain Mounsey, when the landing was effected, had moved with the Furieuse aod Teniiagant to waich the motions of three brigs of war lying in the outer mole, but which afterwards moved into the inner one, the crews having landed to assist in the defence of the place. Captain Dunn was indefatigable in his exertions at the landing place, and I feel called upon to notice the good conduct of the officers and crews of the boats through a continued and most fttiguing service 1 beg that 1 may be permitted to mention the assistance I re- ceived from Lieutenant Bazalgette, aenior of this ship, a most deserv- ing officer i and to notice tbe con- duct of Mr. Bromley, the surgeon, who volunteered bis services on shore with the troops< I herewith inclose a list of the lulled and wounded, and am happy to say our loss is much smaller thai might have been expected. I have no account of that of the Italian levy, but I believe it is not considerable. There have been no correct xdnrns of prisoners. bat Captain Dundas informs me* that above three hundi^ have! been taken in the two affairs. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) Jos. RowLBY, Captain. Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Ptellew,&c. &c. &c. His Majesty's sMf EJin* ^9irgk, off Leghom^ Dee. 15, 1813. Sir, — In obedience to your di- rections. Captain Hamilton and. myself landed on the evening of the i3tb, with the marines 01 hia> Majesty's ships America, Armada^ Edinburgh, Imperieuse, Furieuse^ Rainbow, Termagant, and Mcr* maid, to co-operate with Lieu* tenant-Col. Catanelli. We pushed on that evening with the advance of the marines and Italian levy^^ and got possession of the suburbs' of the town of Leghorn. The extreme darkness of the nighty and the road being nearly im» passable, prevented the body of. the troops joining until the morn- ing; the moment a sufficient number had come up, in com- pliance with the Licut.-Coloners. arrangements, the Italians occupied, the suburbs, and buildings doso to the ramparts ; the marines oc- cupied a position on the Pisa roa4» As soon after day-light as possible^ we reconnoitred the town; just as we had finished, and were re- turning from the southern pan of the town, a firing was heard la. the direction of the Pisa road* where we proceeded instantly, and found that the marines were at that moment attacked by a ooo-^ slderable body of the enemyV troops, consisting of at least. seven hundred 15*' ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814, houdred inen^ civfdty and m&nirj, sopportedbjrtwofidd-piec^l the cbirge of tde qivaliy was re- ceived with great coolness by the marines ; they opened and allowed tbetn to pa8S> killing all bnt about foorteen, whoj with two officers, succeeded in getting t brought but who were all killed or wounded, excepting one officer, by a small detachment of the Italian levy, that was formed at the entrance of the suburbs of the town. After the charge of the cavalry, the ma- 2rines instantly closed and charged the enemy's infantry, and put them entirely to the rout; they lost in this affair the officers com- manding their cavalry and infaur tiy^ with about from two hundred and fifty to three hundred kilted, wounded, and prisoners } the re- mainder retreated in the greatest disorder to Pi&a. In this affair my most particular thanks are due to Qaptain Hamil- ton, whOj I aqi sorry to say, is ^lightly wounded; as well as to Captain Beale, of the Armada, who commanded the marines ; as alio to Captains Rea and Mitchell, of the America and Edinburgh : to the other officers, non-com- missioned officers, and privates, all possible credit is due for repelling the attack, and putting to rout the enemy, who were certainly double cheir force: the marines lost on this occesioo^ one killed and seven wounded. The Italian levy, who were on the houaea clqse found the ramr parts^ at well as those in the ad- vance, were indefatigable in their exertions, and their bravery was truly conapicuocu on all occasionf. The eneiDj apifered by the de- structive hn they kepi up on the ramparts^ killing or wounding those vho attempted to come near the guaetty officers who distinguished themselves on this occasion, Messrs. '^laltman. Walker, and Nevil, ^naster*s mates, and Mr. Grey, midshipman. This ship proves to \>c the Alcmene, a beautiful French :^rlgate of 44 guns, having a com- "^lement, at the commencement of ^he action, of 3 19 men^ command- ^ed by Captain Ducrest de Ville- ^neuve, an officer of much merit, ^nd who was wounded at the time boarding. To his determined fistance, aided by the darkness of he night, the other frigate for the resent owes her escape; but I have every hope that the Cyane will be enabled to observe her until 1 have shifted the prisoner?, and) repaired the trifling injury done to the rigging, during the period of the eueniy b<'ing on board. Our loss consists of two seamen killed^ and four wounded : that of the enemy two petty officers and thirty seamen killed, and fifty wounded. Lieutenant G. Luke, whom I hare placed in the frigate, is an old and very deserving officer, who has served twenty years under my com- mand. I have the honour to be, &c. P. C. Durham, Rear Admiral. Veneralle, at Sea, Jan. 20. Sir, — It affords me much plea- sure to communicate to you, for their Lordships* information, the capture of the French frigate that escaped on Sunday night. The vigilance of Captain Forrest en- abled him to keep sight' of her during the night and two fSillowing days, when having run 153 miles in the direction J judged the enemy had taken, the Venerable*s supe- rior sailing gave me the opportu- nity of again discovering the fugi- tive, and after an anxious chase of 19 hours, to come up with and capture. She is named the Iphi- genie, a frigate of the largest class, commanded by Captain Emerie, having a complement of 325 men, and like her consort the Alcmene^ perfectly new. Every means to effect her escape were resorted to, the anchors being cut away, and' her boats thrown overboard. On! our coming up we had ruoi the Cyane out of sight firom tlie mast head. Those> 156 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. These frigates sailed id coispany from Cberboorg, on the aoth of October last, and were to cruise for six months. It becomes me now to notice the very meritorious conduct of Captain Forrest, not only in assiduously keeping sight, bat repratcdly oflPering battle to a force so superior -, nor less deserv- ing of my warmest approbation is Captain Worth, of this ship, whoae indefatigable attention during the many raancruvres attempted by the enemy in this long and arduous chase, was equalled only by the exemplary behaviour of every oflB- cer and man under his command. 1 have the honour to be, &c. C.P.Durham, Rear Admiral. WAS DEFARTMBMT. Dowfiingstreet, Feb, 13, 1 814. A dispatph, of which the following ingisr copy, was last night re- ceived at Earl Bathurst's office, addressed to his Lordship by General Sir Thomas Graham,, dated Mercxem, Feb. 6, 1814 : Head-quarters, Mercxem, Feb, 6, 1814. My Lord, — I should have been happy to have had to announce to your Lordship, that the move- ment on Antwerp, fixed by General Bulow for the 2d inst. bad produced a greater effect 3 but the want of time, and of greater noeans, will account to your Lord-^ ship for the dinappointment of our hopes of a more satisfactory result ; for General Bulow received (after we had got the better of all the great obstacles in the way of taking # position n^or the town) orders to proceed t> the southward to act in concert with the grand army i and the stale of the weather, for some time back, not only prevent- ed n^ recehring the supplies of ordnance aud ordnance stores from England, but made it impossible to land much of what was on board I he transpons near Willlamstadt, the ice cutting off all communica- tion with tb<-m. I have, homever, sincere pleasure in assuring your Lordship, ihat every part of the service was con- ducted by the officers at the bead of the different departments, with all the zeal and intelligence pos- sible. To make up for the want of our own artillery; all the serviceable Dutch mortars, with all the am- munition that could be collected, were prepared at Williamstadtj and on the evening of the I St, the troops of the first and second divi. sions, that could be spared* from other scrvicf»», were collected at Braeschat, and next morning' this village (fortified with much labour ever since our former attack) was carried in the most gallant style, in a much shorter time, and with much less loss than I could have believed possible. Major General Gibbs, command- ing the 2^ division (in the absence of Major General M'Kenzie, con- fined by a dangerous fall firom hia horse), ably seconded by Major Greneral Taylor, and by Lieutenant Colonel Kerries, commanding Ma« jor Generiil Gibbs's brisade, €oo<* ducted this attack, in which all the troops engaged behaved with tba usual spirit and intrepidity of Bri<- • tish soldiers. I feel particularly indebted to tba^ officers already named, and also to irieutenanc APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 175 Lieutenant Colonel Cameron, com* inanding the detachments of the three battaliom of the 95th ; to Jieur. Colonel Hompesch, with the 25th regiment} to Major A. Kelly, with the 54tb $ to Lieut. Colonel Brown, with the 56th ; and Major Kelly, with the 73d ; for the dii* tingui.sh^d manner in which those corps attacked the left and centre of the vill.ige, forcing the enemy from every strong hold, and storm- ing the mill battery on Ferdinand'^ Dykf^j while Major Gen. Taylor, with the 5 2d, under Lieutenant _ Colonel Gibhs, the 35th, under Major Macalistcr, and the 78th, under Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay, marching to the right, and direct- Son the mill of Ferdinand's yke, threatened the enemy's communication from Mercxem to- wards Antwerp. Two pieces of cannon and a con- siderable nnml>cr of prisoners fell into our hands. No time was lost in marking out the batteries, which by the very great exertions of the artillery, un- der Lieut. Colonel SirG. Wood, and the engineers, under Lieut. Colonel Carmichael Smyth, and the good will of the working par- ties, were compleated by half past three p. m. of the 3d. The batteries opened at that hour. Duting tht^ short trial of the ^re that evening, the defective state of the Williamstadt mortars and ^cnmnnition was too visible. Our c^ieans were thus diminished, and ^^uch time was lost, as it was not I ill twelve at noon the following ^aj (the 4th) thatthe fire could be ^>pened again. That day*s fire disabled five of t.lie six 24 pounders. Yesterday ^fcc fire was kept up all day. Ihc practice was admirable, butthei« was not a sufficient numberof shells falling to prevent the enemy from extinguishing fire whenever it broke out among the ships, and our fire ceased entirely at sun-set yesterday. It is impossible for me to speak^ too highly of the indefiitigable ex* exertions of the two branches of the Ordnance Department. I have much reason to be satis* fied with the steadiness of the troops, and the attention of the officers of all ranks, during the continuance of this service. De* tachments of the rifie corps did the most advanced duty, under the able direction of Lieutenaut-Col. Cameron, in a way that gave se- curity to the batteiies on Ferdi- nand's Dyke; and though this line was enfiladed, and every part of the village under the range of shot and shells from the enemy, lam happy to say the casualties, on the whole^ have not been numerous. As soon as every thing is cleared away, we shall move back into suck cantonments as I have concerted with General Bulow. I cannot conclude this dispatch without expressing my admiratioa of the manner in which General Bulow formed the disposition of the movement, and supported this attack. The enemy were in great force on the Deurne and Berchem roads, but were every where driven by the gallant Pnitsians, though not with- out considerable loss. I am, &c. (Signed) Thomas Gb.\ham. Admiraliy'office, April 26. Copy of a letter froniCapt. Rainier, of 158 ANNUAL REGISTER. of his Majesty'* ship Niger, traDsmitted by Vice Admiral Dixon to John Wilson Croker, Esq. His Majesty s ship Niger, at Sea, Jan. 6, 1814. Sir^_I acquaint you for the in- forniation of ihc Lords Commissi- oner* of the Admiralty, that having made the island of St. Antonio yes- terday morning, for the purpose of correcting my longitude previous to allowing the ships parting company \i'ho were bound to Maranharo, a itran(;esail was discovered a-head. I immediately gave chase j his Ma. jesty*8 ship Tagus in company. — She was soon made out to be a frigate, and we had the pleasure to find that we were gaining upon her ; at daylight this morning we were not more than a mile and an half distant ; at half past seven they took in studding sails and haulrd the wind on the ►tarhoard tack, finding that we had the advantage before it. The Tagus being to windward, Captain Pipon was en- abled to open his first fir«, which was briskly returned by the enemy, who had hoisted French colours on the Tdgus showing her's. After exchanging a few broadsides, the French frigate's main topmast- was •hot away, which rendered her escape impossible; and as bis Ma- jesty's ship under my command was coming up, any further de- fence would only have occasioned ft useless sacrifice of lives ; they fired a broadside, and struck their colours. On taking possession she proved La Ceres, French frigate, of 44 guns, and 324 men, com- manded by Le Baron dc Bougan- Tille, out one month from Brest on her first cruize: she u only twG years old, copper fiistened, uui Well. I should not do jasti the Baron if I omitted stating, during the long and anxinui < (in which we ran 238 roile«) ship was manoeuvred in a ma style. I have sent Mr. Ma first of this ship, in charge o prize, who is a descrying ofllic I have the honour to be, & (Signed) P. Raimiek.Ca ToVice Adm. Dixon, Com- mander in Chiefs &c. Rio Janeiro. Mmtralty-office, Ai Extract of a letter from Ci Hayes, of his Majesty's shi jestic, addressed to Admii John Borlase Warren, and plicate transmitted to Johi son Croker, Esq. Majestic^ ai sea, f r have the honour to ac< you, that, in my way from S chael to Madeira, in the eze of your orders, at day light morning of the 3d instant, i tude 37, and longitude 20, then in chase of a ship in supposed to be one of the ei cruizers, three ships and i were discovered about three I ofl', in the S. S. E. of very w ous appearance, and not ant^ ing the private signal, I ga* the pursuit of the ship to the ward afid eastward, hoisted i lours, and proceeded to recot the southern squadron, wb« of the ships immediately gavi to me ; on closing within 4 I discovered them to be i' gun frigates, a ship mounti guns^ and a brig which I coi P< APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 159 'perceive to be armed. I determined <^n forcing them to shew their co- lours (which they ap]>eared to wish Xo avoid), and for that pur{>08e stood directly for the headmost fri- gate, when she shortened sail, and brought lo, for the other to close. I now made all sail, in the hope of l>eing able to gee alongside of her l>efore it could be effected ; but in this I was foiled, by her wearing, making sail, and joining the other, and talking a station a-head and a stern, wi^h the 20 gun ship and a brig on the weather bow ; they stood to the S. S. £. with larboard studding sails, and all the sail that could be carried ; the stemmost boisttng French colours, at a quar- ter of an hour past two o'clock ; she opened a fire from the after- most guns upon us at 3 o'clock, being in a good position (going ten knots an hour). I commenced firing with considerable effect, the shot going either through, or just over the starboard quarter to the forecastle, over the larboard bow ; vrhen, at forty nine minutes past four she struck her colours to his Majesty's ship Majestic, under my command. The wind increasing, the prize in a state of great confu- sion, and night fast approaching, obJiged me to stay by her, and to suAer the ether frigate, with the ship and brig, to escape } the sea ■got np very fast, so that only one .hundred of the prisoners could be exchanged, and even in effecting that, one boat was lost and two prisoners drowned: this^ I hope, Sir^ will plead my apology for not bringing you the whole of them. The captured ship is the *Xerpsichore, of 44 guns, eighteen and twenty four pounders, and 320 tnom, Breton Francois de Sire, Ca- pitaine de Frigate ; the other was the Atalante, sbter ship, exactly of the same torce ; they sailed froot the Scheldt on the 20th of Octo* ber, and wrnt to L'Orient, from whence they sailed again on the 8th of January, is company with La Yade, a similar ship, which parted from them in latitude ^^ and longitude 16. 40. The fnewj* had only three men killed, m wounded, and two drowned | tbd Majestic hone. The officers and men I hnve the honour to command conducted tbemselvrs on this occasion, as Icx« pected they would do. WAR DEPARTMENT. Douming-street, March 11, A dispatch, of which the (otlowiog is an extract, has been this dsjr received at Earl Bat hurst's oS&cg^, addressed to his Lordship hf Field Marshal the Marquess 01 Wellington, dated St, Jean de Luz, Feh. 30. In conformity with the int^tioQ which I communicated to Tour Lordship in my Inst dispatch, I moved the right of the army, un- der Lieutenant General Sir ft. Hill, on the 14th ; he drove in the enemy's picquets on the JoyevsB river, and attacked their position st Hellette, from which he obIiC6d General Harispe to retire, with loss, towards St. Martin. I maide the detachment of General Mine's troops, in the valley of Bastan, ad- vance on the same day upon Bar* gorey and Biddarray } and the di^ rect communication of the enemy with St. Jean Pied de Port \mng cut off by Lieutenant General Sir Rowlaed 160 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Rowland Hill, that fort has beefi blockaded by the Spaoish troops above meotioDed. Od the following morning, the 15th, the troops under Lieutenant General Sir Rowland Hill conti* nued the pursuit of the enemy, who had retired to a strong position in front of Gan is, where General Harispe was joined by General f^s's division, which bad been re- called from the march it had com- menced for the interior of France, and by other troops from the ene- my's centre. General MuriUo*s Spanish divi- sion, after driving in the enemy's advanced posts, was ordered to move towards St. Palais, by a ridge parallel to that on which was the enemy's position, in order to turn their left, and cut off their retreat by that road ; wl\ile the 2d division, under Lieutenant Generzl Sir W. Stewart, should attack in front. — Those troops made a most gallant attack upon the enemy's position » which \i as remarkably strong, bat which was carried without very considerable loss. Mucli of the day hnd elapsed before the attack could be commenced, and the ac- tion lasted till after dark, the ene- my having made repeated attempts toregain the position, particularly in two attacks, which were most gallantly received and repulsed by the 39th regiment, under the com- mand of the Honourable Colonel 0*CallarI;n!i, in Major General Pringle'h i>rigade. The Major General a.d Lieutenant Colonel Bruce, of the 39th, were unforiu- uately wounded ; we took ten ofHcers, and about 200 prisoners. Tlie right of the centre of the ^raiy made a corresponding move- ment with the right on these and onr posts were on the Bi river on the evening of the The enemy retued across tb at St. Falait in the nigbt> dc ing the bridges, which, bices of so va- luable an officer. I have the honour to be, &c. Keith, Admiral. ■ HU Majesty's ship EiiroUis, Ply- tnoul/i-sound, March i. My Lord^ — I have the honour %o inform your lordship, thnt his -Majesty's ship under my command (larted company from thr Kippon ^jn Monday night, the 21st ult. in ^::ha8e of a vessel which proved to ^o a Swedish merchant ship ) and ^Do Friday, the 25th, in endeavour- ing to rejoin the Rippon, Ijeing ^tbeu in lat. 47. 40. north, and ong. 9. 30. west, we perceived a il.upon the lee-beam, to which e gave chase. We soon dis^ ^C20¥ercd her to be an enemy's fri- te, and that she was endeavour- VoL. LVI. ing to oat-manoeuTre us in brtug-. ing her to action ; but having much the advantage in sailing, (although the wind had unfortu- nately died away), we were enabled at about five o'clock to pass under her stern, hail her, and commeocc close action. When receiving her broadside> and passing to her bov, our mizcn-iinast was shot away. I then ordered tlie helm to be put down to lay her aboard, but the wreck of our mizenmast lying on our quaiter, prevented this de- sirable object from being accom- plished. The enemy just passed clear of us, and both offictrs and men of the Eurotas renewed the action with the most determined bravery and resolution, while the enemy returned our fire in a warm and gallant manner. We succeeded in raking her again, and tben'lay broadside to broadside; at 6. 20. our main-mast fell by the board* the enemy*s mizen mast falling at the same time j at 6. 50. our fore- mast fcl), and the enemy's main- mast almost immediately afler- wards. At ten minutes after 7 she slackened her fire, but having her fore-mast standing, she soc- ceeded with her fore- sail in getting out of range. During the whole of the action we kept up a heavy and well -directed lire; nor do I know which most to ;idmire, Ihe scnmen at the great guns, or the nmrines with their small armSy they vying with each other who should most annoy the enemy. I was at this time so much ex- hausted by the loss of blood, from wounds I had received in the early part of the action from a grape- shot, that I found it impossible for me to remain any longer upon M deck* m ANNUAL REGISTER, 1S14. deck. I was Cherefbre under the painful oectssiiy of desiring Lieut. Smith (First Lieutenant) to take command of the quarter-deck, and to clear the wreck of the fore- mast and main-mast, which then lay nearly fore and aft the deck^ itnd to make sail after the enemy ; but, at the same time, I had the satisfaction of reflecting that I had left the command in the hands of a most active and zealous ofHcer. We kept sight of the enemy during the nieht by means of boat- sails, and a jigger on the ensign- stafTj and before 12 o'clock the next day Lieutenant Smith report- ed to me, that, by the great exer- tions of every officer and man, jury-courses, top-sails, stay-sails, and spanker, were set in chase of the enemy, who had not even deared away his wreck, and that we were coming op with her very fast, going at the rate of six knots and a half; that the decks were perfectly clear, and that the offi- cers and men were as eager to re- new the action as they were to commence it 5 but to the great mortification of every one on board, we perceived two sail on the lee-bow, which proved to be tbe Dryad and Achates, and they having crossed the enemy (we only four or five mHes distant) before we could get up to her, deprived us of the gratification of having her co- lours hauled down to us. Tlic enemy's frigate proved to he the Clorindc, Captain t)ennis Legard, mounting 44 giins, with four brass swiveln in each top, and a conipli'mcnt of 360 picked men. It is with sincere regret J have to state that our loss is considerable, having twenty killed and forty wounded -, and I most sincerely la- ment the loss of three fine young midshipmen; two of whom had served the whole of their time with me, and who all promised to be ornaments to the service. Among the wounded is Lieutenant Foord, of the Royal Marines, who received a grape-shot in his thigh, while gallantly heading his party. I learn from Monsieur Gerrard. one of the French officers, that they calculate their loss on board the Clorinde at 120 men. It is therefore unnecessary for me to particularize the exertions of every individual on board this ship, or the promptness with which every order was put into execution by so young a ship's company s but I must beg leave to mention tbe able assistance which I ntceived from Lieutenants Smith, Graves, Ran- dolph, and Beckham, Mr. Bead- nell, the Master, and Lieutenants Foord and Connell, of tbe Royal Marines ; the yery great skill and attention shewn by Mr. Thomas Cooke Jones, Surgeon, in tbe dis- charge of his important duties; the active ser\'ices of Mr. J. Bryan, « the Purser, and the whole of the Warrant Officers, with all the Mates and Midshipmen, whom I beg leave most strongly to recom- mend to your lordship's notice. I enclose a list of the killed and woimded, and have the honour to be, &c. J. Phxlliuorb, Capt. Adm. Lord Keith, K. B, SHere follows a list of 20 kiHcd, uding Messrs. Jer. Spurking, and C. Greenaway, midshipnien> and Mr. J. T. Yaughan, volunteer j and 39 wounded, indudtng Cap- tain Phillimbre, and Lieut. Foord, of the marines, screrely ; and J. R; Brigstocke, midhbipman^ sli$>htly.] APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 163 London Gczettt Extraordinary, Sunday, March 20. VAR-DEPARTMBNT. Downing street, March 20, 1814. Major Frecmantle has arrived at this office, bringing dispatches j^rom ihe Marquess of Weliing- too, addressed to Earl Bathurst, of wluch the f<^Iowing are co- pies:— 5/. Sever, March i, 1814. My Lord^ — I relurned to Garris on the 2isr, and ordered the 6th sind light divisions to break up 'Mram the blockade of Bayonne> sod General Don Manuel Freyre to dose up the cantonments of his rp8 towards Imn, and to be pre- pared to move when the left of the army should cross the Adour. I found the pontoons collected at Garris, and they were moved for- "ward on the following days to and across the Gave de Mouleon, and the troops of the centre of the army arriTed. On the 24t1&^ Lieutenant General Sir Rowland Hill passed the Gave d'OIeron at Villenave, with the Ughty ad, and Portuguese divisions, Qoder the command of Major- Gen. Cfaarlfs Baron Alten, Lieut. Gen. Sir William Stewart, and Marischal de Campo Don Frede. xicfc Lecor; while Lieutenant- General Sir Henry Clinton passed >vith the 6th division between Mootfort and Laas, and Lieut.- Geoeral Sir Thomas Picton made demonstrations, with the 3d divi- aioo> of an intention to attack the mxMtmf% position at the bridge of Sauveterre, which induced the ene- and the great road leading firooi Sauveterre to that town 3 and the euemy retired in the night from Sauveterre across the Gave de Pan, and assembled their army near Orthes on the 25th, hanng destroyed all the bridges on the river. Hie right, and right of the ceii<* tre of the army, assembled tippo- site Orthes 3 Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton, with Lord Edward Somerset's brigade of ca- valry, and the 3d division, under Lieutenant-General Sir Tbonus Picton, was near the destroyed bridge of Bereusj and^ Field- Marshal Sir William Beresfbrd, with the 4th and 7th divisions^ under Lieut. -General Sir Lowry Cole, and Major-General Walker, and Colonel Vivian's brigade, to- wards the junction of the Gave dd Pau with the Gave d'Olcron. The troops opposed to the Mar- shal having marched on the ^Jtb^ he crossed the Gave de Pau bdow the junction of the Gave d*01eron, M 2 on 164 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. cn the morning of the 26tliy and moved alohg the liigh road from Peyrehorade towards Orthes, on tJ^e enemy's right. As he ap- proached, Lieutenant-Gcneral Sir Staplcton Cotton crossed with the cavalry, and Lieutenant-Creneral .Sir Thomas Picton with the 3d di- vision, below the bridge of Bercus ; and I moved the 6th and light di- visions to the same point, and Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill occupied the heights opposite Orthes, aod the high road leading to Sauvelerre. The 6th and light divisions crossed on the morning of the 27th at day1ight> and we found the ene- my in a strong position near Or- thes, with his right on the heights on the high road to Dax, and oc- cupying the village of St. Boes, aod his left the heights above Or- thes and that town, and opposing the passage of the river by Sir R. Hill. The course of the heights on 1;(rhich the enemy had placed his army, necessarily retired bis centre, while the strength of the position gave extraordinar)' advantages to the flanks. . J ordered Marshal Sir W. Beres- ford to turn, and attack the eneiny*s right with the 4th division under Lieut.-General Sir Lowry Cole, • and the 7th division under Major- General Walker and Colonel Vi- vian's brigade of cavalry ; while Lieuleiiant-Genfral Sir Thomas Picton should move along thegrrat Jroad leading from Peyrehorade to Orthes, and attack the heights on "which the enemy's centre and left stood, >vith the 3d and 6th divi- sions, supported by Sir Stapleton Cotton With Lord Edward Soroer- Bct's brigade of cavalry. JVIsjor- General Charles Baron Alten, with the light division, kept np the communication, and was in reserve between these two attacks. I like- wise desired Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill to cross the Gave and to turn, and to attack the ene- my's left. Marshal Sir W. Beresford car- ried the village of St. Boes with the fourth division under the com- mand of Lieut.-General Sir Lowry Cole, after an obstinate resistance by the enemy,- but the ground was so narrow that the troops could not deploy to attack the heights, notwithstanding the repeated at- tempts of Major-Greneral Ross and Brigade-Gen. Vasconcello's Por- tuguese brigade; and it was im- possible to turn the enemy by their right, without an excessive exten- . sion of our line. I therefore so far altered the plan of the action as to order the iaune- diate advance of the 3d and 6th divisions, and I moved forward Colonel Barnard's brigade of the light division, to attack the left of the height 00 whicU the enemy's right stood* This attack, led by the 5 2d re- giment, under Lieutenant-'Colooel Colborne, and supported on their right, by Major-Gerjeral Brisbane's and Colonel Kean's brigades of the 3d division, and by simultaneoos attacks on the left by Major-Gen^ Anson*s brigade of the 4th divisioUj and on the right by Lieutenant* General Sir Thomas Picton, wilk the remainder of the 3d division and the 6th division under Lieut** General Sir Henry Clinton, dis- lodged the enemy from the heights, and gave us the victory. In the mean time Lientenant- General Sir Rowland Hill had foicod APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. }65 ferccd the passage of the Gave ing the heights near Sault de Na<^ flbove Orthes, aud seeing the state vailles> and .many soldiers had of the action, he moved immediate- thrown away their arms. The de* ]y with the second division of in- serf ion has since been immense, fantry under Lieutenant-Gen^iral We followed the enemy die day ^ Sir William Stewart, and Major- after to this place j and we thn General Fane's brigade of cavalry, day passed the Adour; Marshal Sif direct for the great road from Or- W. Beresford, with the light divl- thes to St. Sever, thus keeping sion, and Colonel Vivian's brigade^ upon the enemy's left. upon Mont de Marsan, where he The enemy retired at first in ad- has taken a very large magazine of mirable order, taking every advan- provisions. tage of the numerous good posi- Lieutenant-Genrral Sir Rowland* ttons which the country aftbrded. Hill has moved upon Aire, and the The losses, however> which they advanced posts of the centre are ai sustained in the continued attacks Casares. of our troops, and the danger The enemy are apparently re«* with which they were threatened tiring upon Agen, and have lefk by Lieutenant-General Sir Row- open the direct road towards fior-^ land Hill's movements, soon acce- deanx. Icrated their movements^ and the Whilst the operations of which retreat at length became a flight, I have above given the report were and their troops were in the utmost carrying on on the right of the confusion. army, Lieutenant-Gencral Sir John lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Hope, in concert with Rear Ad- Cottoo took advantage, of the only mirai Penrose, availed himself of opportunity which offered to charge an opportunity which offered on with Major-General Lord Edward the 23d of February to cross the Somerset's brigade in the neigh- Adour below Bayonne, and to tako hoed of Sault de Navailles, where possession of both banks of the ii-> the enemy had been driven from vrr at its mouth. The vessels des- the high road by Lieut.-General fined to form the bridge could not Sir Rowland Hill. The 7th hus- get in till the 24th, when the diffi- sars distinguished themsc Ives upon cult, and at this season of the year this occasion, and made many pri- dangerous operation of bringing •oners. them in was effected with a degree We continued the pursuit till it of gallantry and skill seldom cqual- wu dusk, and I halted the army led. Lieutenant-General Sir John in the neighbourhood of Sault de Hope particularly mentions Cap- NavaiUes. tain O'Rfilly and Lieutenant Cbe- I cannot estimate the extent of shire. Lieutenant Douglas, and the enemy's loss : we have taken Lieutenant Collins, of the royal six pieces of cannon, and a great navy, and also Lieutenant Deben- many prisoners; the numbers I ham, agent of transports; and 1 cannot at present report. The am infinitely indebted to Rear- whole country is covered with their Admiral Penrose for the cordial dead. Their army was in the ut- assistance I received from him ia mc0t confusion when I saw it ^ass- preparing for this plan, and ft)r Kha( 166 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. diat which he gave Lieutenant* General Sk John Hope in capying it into execution. The enemy, conceiving that the m^ans of crossing tlie river, which Lteuteuant-Geaeral Sir John Hope had at his comuaand, viz. rafts made of pontoons, had not enabled him to cross a large force in the course of the i^d, attacked the corps which he had sent over on that evening. This corps consist- ed of 600 men of the 2d brigade of guards, under the command of Ma^r-General the Hon. Edward Stopford, who repulsed the enemy immediately. The rocket brigade was of great use upon this occa- sion. Three of the enemy's gun-boats were destroyed this day, and a fri- gate lying in the Adour received considerable damage from the fire of a battery of eighteen pounders, and was obliged to go higher up the river to the neighbourhood of the bridge. Lieu tenant-General Sir John Hope invested the citadel of Bayonne on the 25 th, and Lieut. - General Don Manuel Freyre moved forward with the 4th Spanish army, in consequence of directions which I had leA for him. On the 27th the bridge having been completed, Lieutenant-Gieneral Sir John Hope deemed it expedient to invest the citadel of Bayonne more closely than he hnd done before ; and he attacked the village of St. Etienne, which he carried, having taken a gun and some prisoners from the eneoiyj and bis posts are now within 900 yards of the outworks of the place. The rr*su]t of the operations ' which I have detailed to your lordship is, that Bayonne, St. Jean Pied de Port, and Navarrens are invested ; and the army havuig passed the Adour, are in poaseatioa of all the great communications across the river, after having beaten the enemy and taken their magazines. Your lordship will have observ- ed with satisfaction the able assist- ance which 1 have received in these operations from Marshal Sir W. Beresford, Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill, Sir John Hope, and Sir Stapleton Cotton, and fioai all the general officers, offiders, and troops acting under their orders respectively. It is impossible for me suffi- ciently to express my sense of their merits, or of the degree in which the country is indebted to their zeal and ability for the sitaation ia which the army now finds itself. All the troo)>s, Portugoes^ as well as British, distinguished them* selves : the 4th divisioOy uodec Lieut.-Geoeral Sir Lowry Cole, in the attack of St. Boiss, and the subsequent endeavours to carry the right of the heights. The 3d, 6th, and light divisions, under the com-* maud of Lieutenat-Geneni 8i^ Thomas Picton, Sir H. CUnton^ Major-General Charles Baroo Al* ten, in the attack of the eiieniy*s position on tlie heights ; and Ihe^e and the 7th division under Msqat*. Greneral Walker, in the varions operations and attacks during the enemy's rctrfat. The charge made by the 7th hussars under Lord Edward So-» merset was highly meritonqua. The conduct of the artillerj throughout the day deserved dif entire approbation. I atti likewise much APPENDIX TO CHRONICJJ5. 1^7 niucli indebted to the Qu2irter- jMasier-Geoeral Sir George Mur- ray, aod the Adjutant-Geoeral Sir Edward Pakenbam, for the assist- ance I have rccMvcd from theni» and to Lord Fitzroy Somerset and the ofiicers of my personal Stafi*, and to the Marischal de Campo Don Miguel AJava. The last accounts which I have received from Catalonia are of tiie 2oth. The French commanders of the garrison of Llerida, Mequi- nenza, and Mauzon, had been in- duced tp evacuate these places, by orders sent them by the Baron D'£roies, in Marshal Suchet's cy- pher, of which he had got posses- sion. The t roops composing these gar- risons, having joined, were after* wards surrounded in the pass of Martordl, on their march towards the French frontier, by a detach- ment from the Anglo-Sicilian corps, and one from the first Spanish ar- .toy. Lieutenant-General Copom allowed them to capitulate, but I have not yet received from him any report on this subject, nor do 1 yet know what is the result. It was expected in Catalonia that Marshal Suchet would imme- ^ateljr evacuate that province -, and I hear that he is to join Mar- shal Soult. I have not yet received the de- tailed reports of the capitulation of Jaca. i encloi^e returns of the killed - and wounded during the late ope- rations. I send this dispatch by my Aide- -de-camp, Maj. Freemantle, whom I beg leave to recommend to your Ilordsbip*s protection. I have the jMsour to be, &c. (Signed; Wellington. ToiaJ Jjiis from th^ i^th /o the Iji^ February f 1814, inclt^jkc British— 1 lieutenant, 2 serjeaiit^, 22 rank and file, killed; i mxipr^l staff, I major, 7 captains, 8 lieute- nants, I staff, 8 segeants, 3 drum- mers, 1 20 rank and file, wounded | 4 rank and file missing. Portuguese — i drummer, Kx^akjs, and file, jiilled; 1 lieut.-c^pnd» I lieutenant, 2 ensigns, 4 serjeantji, I drunfimer, 25 rank and $le> wounded; 3 rank and file, missii^. General Total — i lieutenant, 2 Serjeants, i drummer, 27 rank ai^d file killed ; 1 genera] staffs i li^nt.* colonel, I major, 7 captains, 0 lieutenants, 2 ensigns, i staff^ 12 Serjeants, 4 drummers, 151 rank and file, wounded ; 1 2 rank and file, missing. Toial British and Portugt$^e Lost, from the i^d to the 26th rfTf" hruary, 181 4, inclusive, 2 Captains, i ensign, a serjeantp, 16 rank and file, i hone, killed; I major, i captain, 6 lieuten|nts, 4 ensigns, x staff, 9 Serjeants, .3 drummers, no rank and file;, 4 horses, wounded; x lieu^eo^t^^ Serjeant, 27 rank and file, nussiqg. Total Loss on the 2jth qf Fehruary. British — i major, 6 captaiqs, .7 lieutenants, 1 staff, 21 serjeants> 2 drummers, 169 rank and file> killed; 2 general staff, 2 lieut.- colonels, 7 majors, 4^0 captains, 49 lieutenants, 14 ensigns, i staff, i quarter-master, 67 serjeants, i x drummers, 1 203 rank and file, 33 horses, wounded ; i captain, 2 ser* jeants, 1 drummer, 27 rank and file, I horse, missing. Portuguese — i lieut.-colonel, 2 majors, 4 serjeants, 59 rank and file, killed; 2 liegtenant-colonels, 2 majors. 16S ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. a majors, S captains, 6 lieutenants, II ensigns, lo Serjeant!, 6 dnira- mcrs 453 rank and tile, wounded ; 3 serjeanli, 36 rank and file, mis- ling. Si. SiVir, March 4, 1814. My Lord,— The rain which fell in ihc afternoon of llie ist swelled the Adour, and all the rivulets faU lirg into that river, so conside- rably, as materially to impede onr further progress, and to induce me on the n<;it day to halt the army till I could repair the bridges, all of which the enemy had destroyed. The rain continued till last night, and the river U so rapid that the pontoons cannot 6e hid upon it. The enemy had cotledrd a corps at Aire, probably to protect the evacuation of a- magazine which they had at tliat place. Sir Row- land Hill attacked this corps on the sd, and drove ihem from their post with considerable loss, nnil took possession of the town and I am sorry to have to report that we lost the Hon. Lieut.-Cdonel Hood on this occasion, an officer rf great merit and promtae. In other respects our loss was not se- vere. I enclose Sir Rowland Hill's re- port, which afiords another in- Vance of the conduct and gallanlty of the troops under his command. T have, &c. (Signed) Wellington. The Eari Bathurst. ^yre, March 3, 1814. My Lord, — In pursuance of your lordship's insirwctions, I yes- terday advanced with the troops under mj command upon the road lesdJBg to (his place on the Itlt bank of the Adour. l^pon the arrival of the advanced gnard within two miles of this town, the enemy was discovered occupying a strong ridge of hilN, having bis right flank upon the Adour, and tlius covering the road to this place. Notwithstanding the strength cf his position, 1 ordered ilie at- tack, which was executed by the id division under Lieutenant-Gen. the Hon. Sir W. Stewart (which advanced on the road leading to this place, and thus gained posses- sion of the enemy's esireme right,) and by one brigade of the Portu- guese division under Brigadier- General Li Custa which ascended the heights occupied by the enemy at aboui the centre of his position. The Portuguese brigade succeed- ed in gaining possession of ibe ridge, but were thrown into such confusion by tlie resistance made by the enemy, as would have beeu of the most serious consequence, had it not been for the timely sup- port given by the ad division under Lieutenani-General Sir \V, Stew- art, who having previously beaten back the enemy directly opposed to him, and seeing them returning to chara;e the Portuguese brigade, oritions, and Anally from this town. Br APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 169 ByaHaccouDts of prisoners, and from my own observations, at Jeast two divisions of the enemy were engaged. Their loss in kil- led and wounded has been very great, and we have above one hun- dred prisoners. The enemy's line of retreat seems to have been by the right bank of the Adour^ with the exception of some part of their force, which being cut off from the river by our rapid advance to this town, retired in the greatest confusion in the direction of Pau. These ti'oops have left their arnis in every direction. I cannot omit this opportunity of expressing to your lordship the gallant and unremitting exertions of Lieutenant-General the Hon. Sir W. Stewart, and the general and other officers of the 2d divi- sion ; of Major-General Fane's brigade of cavalry, and Captain Bean's troop of horse artillery, throaghout the whole of the kte operations ; and I must, in justice, mention the gallant charge made yesterday by Maj. -General Barnes, at the head of the 50th regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Harrison, and the 9 2d, command- cd by Lieutenant-Colonel Came- ron^ in which be was ably second* ed by his Staff, Brigade-Major Wemyss and Captain Hamilton. Major-General Byng*s bri^de supported the movement of Major- general Barnes, and decided the advantage of the day. Capt Macdouald, of the horse- srtillery, distinguished himself Tnoch in attempting to rally tbo Portuguese troops. I trust our loss, considering the advantageous position occupied by ^hc enemy, has not been severe 5 l>ut 1 have to regret the loss of a a valuable officer in the death of Lieutenant-Colonel Hood, Assisi.- Adjut.-General to the 2d division, who was unfortunately killed dur* ing the contest of yesterday. I have, &c. (Signed) R. Hiil, Lieot.-Gen.' Toia/ British Loss from the iSik of February to the 2d of Marck 1S14, inclusive. I Lieutenant-colonel, 2 lieoto^ nants, t serjeant, 16 rank'^and file, 5 horses, killed 5 i general staff, i major, 4 captains, 7 lieutenants, 9 Serjeants, 2 drummers, iia rank and file, 1 1 horses, wounded 3 % rank and file missing. WAR DEPARTMENT. Downing-streei, March 11, Dispatches, of whigh the follow- ing are copies, were received last night from General Sir X^omas Graham, K. B. Head' quarters, Caimhoui, March 10, 18 14. My Lord, — It becomes my pain- ful task to report to your lordship, that an attack on Bergen-op-Zoom, which seemed at first to promise complete success, ended in failure, and occasioned a severe loss to the I St division, and to Brigadier-Gen. Gore's brigade. It is unnecessary for me to state the reasons which determined me to make the attempt to carry such a place by storm, since the success of two of the columns, in establish- ing themselves on the ramparts, with very trifling loss, must justify the having incurred the risk for the attainment of so important an object as the capture of such a for-, tress. The 170 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. The troops employed were form- ed in four columns. No. i, the left column, attucked between tbe Antwerp and Water Port Gates. No. 2, attacked to the right of the New Gate. No. 3, was destined onlj to draw attention by a false attack near the Stenbergen Gate, ami to be afterwards applicable ac- cording to circumstances. No. 4, right column, attacked at the en- tfiBOce of the harbour, which could be forded at low water, and the boor was fixed accordingly at half- past ten p. m. of the 8(h instant. Major- General Cooke accompa- nied the left column. Major Gen. Skcrrclt and Brigadier-Gen. Gore both accompanied the right co- laitln J this was the first which forced its way into the body of the place. These two columns were directed to move alon^ the ram- l^rt so as to form a junction as soon as possible^ and then to pro* tised to clear the rampart and assist the centre column, or to force open the Antwerp Gate. An unexpected difficulty about pisMng the ditch on the ice^ hav- ing obliged Major-Gren. Cooke to change tbe point of attack, a con- siderable delay ensued, and that ceimnn did not gain the ran^art tyi half-past eleven. Meanwhile the lamented fall of Brigadicr-Gcii. Gore, and Lieut.- Colonel the Hon. George Carle- tcftk, and the dangerous wound of Major-General Sl^errett, depriving die right column of their able di- reetkxi, it fell into disorder and guiisied great loss in killed, wound- vd> «nd prisoners. The centre co- luinn having been forced back tfith considerable loss by the heavj Hn of the place (LiettteiuQt«Gol., Morrice its conunander^ and Lieu^ tenant- Colonel Elphinstone com- manding (he 33d regiment, being both wounded), was re-formed un* der Major Muttlebnry, marched round and joined Major-General Cooke^ leaving the left wing of the 55 tb to remove the wouaded from the glacis. However, the guards, too, had huil'ered very se-^ verely during tbe night, by the galling fine from the houses on their position, and by the loss of the detachment of the ist guards, which, having been sent to endea- vour to assist Lieutenant-Colonel Carleton, and to secure the Ant- werp Gate, was cut o^, after the most gallant resistance, which cost the lives of many most valuable officers. At day break the enemy hflviog turned the guns of tbe place, open- ed their fire against the troops 00 the unprotected rampart, and the reserve of the 4th column (the Royal Scotch) retired from tbe Water Port Gate, followed by the 3 3d . Tbe former regi men t getting under a cross fire from the place and Water Port redoubt, scoa af- terwards laid down their arms. Major-General Cooke then de- spairing of success, directed tbe retreat of the guards, which was conducted in the most orderly manner, protected by tbe remains of the 69th regiment, and of tbe right wing of the 53th (which corps repeatedly drove the eoeoiy back with the bayonet) under the Major-General*s immediate direc- tion. The General afierwards found it impossible to withdraw these weak battallons» and having ihus^ with the genuine fiselingi a true soldier, cbell was covo^d with wcwndi, ia iheact of etcalading the scarp- wall of the place, but I tra«L there are good hopes of his not being loit to the service. Vour lordship will readily be- Itere, that though it is iapo>« sible not to feel the disappoint^ inent of our nltimBte Allure in thia attack, I can only think at {»eear against us. They were charged and driven away by Majors Mnt- tlebury and Hog, with the 69th and 55th, in a very spirited and gallant style. Finding that matters were be- coming more serious, and being still without any informaiion iVom other points, excepting that of the failure of Lieut.-Col. Mortice's column near the Nourd Gate, I determined, at the suggestion of Colonel Lord Proby, to ]et part of the troops witlidraw, which was done at the ladders wheic they entered. About day light the enemy having again possessed themseivca of the before-mentioned bastion, they were again driven from it by> Majors Muttlebury and Hog, with their weak battalions, in the same gallant manner. I soon after- wards began sending off some more men, when Lieut Colonel Jones, who bad been taken pri- soner in the night, came to me^^ (accompanied by a French officer, who sununoned me to sorcender) ^nd informed me that Lieotenant:^ Colonel Mnller, and the troops at:: the Water Port Gate, had beei^ obligetS^ APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 173 obliged to surrrnder, and wei€ marched prisoners into the town, when I also learnt the fate of Ueutenant Colonf] Clifton's de* tacbroeot, and of Major Genera! Skerrett^ Major General Grore, and Lieatenant Colonel Carleton, and that the troops which had fol- lowed tliem had suffered very much, and had been repulsed from the advanced points along the rampart where they had pe- netrated to, I was convinced that a longer continuance of the con- test would be an useless loss of lives, and without a prospect of lelief as we were situated. I therefore consented to adopt the Ekiortifying alternative of laying 3own our arms. I have now to perform the just nd satisfactory duty of conveying ) your Excellency my sense of le merits and good conduct of e officers and soldiers in this •Id and arduous enterprise : 1 re only a knowledge of what lied under my own obser\'ation, I . I lament that the loss of jor General Skerretr, from his gerous wounds, and of the rr superior officers employed at other points of attack, pre- t me from giving such de- i praise of the merits of the ws and soldiers, as I have no t they deserve. leg to repeat my sense of the ^lished conduct of Colonel Probyj Lirutenant Colonels and Mercer, commanding guards, and light infantry, atshed themselves by their and bravery ; and Majors wry and Hog, of the 69th h regiments, deserve my 'uae for the conduct dis- played by those corps in the charges I have before-mentioned. 1 have every reason to know that Lieutenant Colonel Clifton con- ducted his detachment in the most gallant and ofHcer-like manner, and I have to lament that his death deprives me of receiving his report of the conduct of Lieut.- Colonels M'Donald and Jones, and the officers and soldiers of the 1st gi^ards, under his command. I am not yet enabled to trans- mit an exact return of the pri- soners taken at different times by the enemy, nor of the numbers taken from' them. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) J. G. Cooke, Major-Gen. General Sir Thomas Graham. Head-quarters, Calmhout, March' 1 1, 1814. My Lord,— I have the honour to inform your Lordship, that Ge- neral Bizanet, the Governor of Bergen op-Zoom, allowed Lieut. Colonel Jones to come here with letters from General Cooke, in consequence of which I pent in my Aide-de-Camp, Major Stan- hope, yesterday morning, with full powers to conclude an agree- ment relative to an exchange of prisoners j a copy of which I have the honour to enclose, agreeable to which, all but the wounded were marched out from Bergen- op-2^m yesterday, for the pur- pose of being embarked for £ng- laud, as soon as the navigation of the river shall be open, and I trust that my conduct in pledg- ing my honour to the strict ob- servance of this agreement will be approved of, and that an imme- diate 174 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. diate release of French f>r)9onetk of corTBtpondtng ranks will take phoe with the least possible delay. I most not omit this opportunity to express my entire satisfaction with the iiidefiatigable zeal of Lieut. Colonel Jones, relative to ihe comfort of the prisoners, aud my obligation to that olUccr, and to Major Stanhope, on this oc- cask)n. I am anxious, too, to do justice to the- conduct of Greueral Bizanet, which, truly characte- ristic of a brave man, has been marked from the first with the most kind and humane attentions to the prisoners. He has sent me the name of an officer, prisoner in England, for- merly his Aide de Camp, and I would gladly hope that, in coro« pliment to the General, this officer would be immediately released without exchange. Major Stanhope, who can better than any body inform your Lord- ship of all particulars you may wish to be informed of, is sent purposely as the bearer of my dijtpatches, which makes it unne- cessary for me to add more. I have the honour to be, &c. Thomas Graham. Earl Bathurst^ &c. kc, &c. COLONIAL DEPARTMEdn*. Dorvnwg Street, May 31. A dispatch, of which the fol* lowing is an extract, has been this day receivfd by Earl Bathurst, from Lieutenant General Sir Geo. Prevost, dated Quebtc, March 12, 1^814. When I had the honour of ad- dressing your Lordship on the 9th of February^ the American ffiBy> imder Mi^or-GeDeral WiU kinaooy continiied to occupy tJietr position on the frontier of Lower Canada, at the French MQls, oa • the Salmon River, near Su Bcgis, and at the Four Corners. I now beg leave to acqaaint you, that> between the lath and 16th of February, the enemy abandoned their position, after partially burning their block homes and barracks, erected with infinite labour and great expense, and also destroying their river craft and batteaux, sm^eral hundred of which have been frozen up io Salmon River, and they have sac- ceedod in moving their ordnance and the principal part of their provisions and stores. Two regi- ments are stated to have proceeded to Sackett's Harbour, and the re^ mainder of their force to Burling- ton and Platsburgh, where Major- Greneral Wilkinson has now taken up hisliead-qtiarters. I am informed the frontier posi- tions occupied by the enemy it the close of the last caimpaiga were given up, by the orden cf the American Government, ia consequence of the extreme diffi* culty experienced, and the enor* moQs expence incurred, in supply- ing the troops allotted far ihdr defence with provisioas, and the daily decrease of their army by sickness and desertion, arising from the harassing and fatigniog duties to which their troops were exposed, from the constant ap- prehension of being attacked by OS. As soon as infbrmatioo of the enemy's moveroeat ^as receivrd. Colonel Scott, of the io5d rqgi- meot, with a small efectiye farce, consisting of detachments horn that APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 17;! ihat corp*, the 89th. and CaoadiaD Fencibles, and a picket o( light c.italry frucn Cotenu du Lac and Cornwall, piued ovcrlhe ire, from the laucr post to the Salmon River, and arrived in time to prts* upon I he enemy'* renr- guard, which n»de 3 precipitate retreat ; and about a hundrett sleigh loiida of provisions and irarcs have fiillen into our poMeFsion, and the de- ■iniciion of iheir block-bottset, barracks, and boats, been com- pleted. Colonel Scott advanced with hit part/ withnut opposition into the •Demy'a country to Malone. Ma- drid, and within a few miles of i>]atiburg, and nturned by ibe TOUtc of Four Corners, to his po«t «( the Coieau du Lac. W.\R DBFABTMBKT. Downing -ttreel, Miarh 31. Ditpatches, uf which the follow- ing are extracts, have been this dav received, addressed to Earl Bathunt, by the Marquess of ^^'clli^gIa^, «lated Aire, i3tbaQd 14th March, ■ 814: — jiire. March 13M, iS[4. The oi«'es»i%'e bad wearher and Vk^snt fall of rain, in the begin- ■lingof the month, having swolled, *o BD extraordinary degree, all the ^iven, and rendered it dit&cult ^lod tedious to repairthe numeroni bridge*, which ibe enenry had ^deairoyed in iheir (^>:eai, and the ^liffineai parts of the army being ~^i-iti)out conmunication wlih cscji ^Blher, I was obliged to halt. The enemy retired after the ^aflmirwiib Licutenitnt General Kr ■3MtBd Hill 00 tbe ^d, by both a ef tlic iUeur towaidi-TBr- bes, probably with a view to b* joined by the detachments frotB Marshal Suchet's army, which leii Catalonia in ihe last week in February. in the mean time I cent, 00 the ;tli, a detachment, under Majoiy General Pane, to lake ppue.uioii of Pau ; and another on the S(b, under Marshal Sir WilliaiD Be- resfurd, to lake poueuion of Bor* I have the pleasuiv Id infomi yoor Lordship, ihar the Maiatwl arrived there ynierday (the small fi>rcc which was there having in the preceding evening retired arross the Garonne), and that thii important city i< in our possessioa. Lieutenant General Don Manutl Frere joined the army this day, with that part of tlie 4th army under his immediate oommuid) and I expect that Major Gtmeral Ponsanby's brigade of cavalry will join to morrow. I learnt from Major General Fane, who commands Lieutenant General Sir Rowland Hill's out. posts, that the enemy have thia day collected a considerable force in the neighbourhood of Couchez, and] thtrv-fore conclude that they have been joined by the detacb> ment of the army of Catalonia, which, it is reported, aroonnta tn 10,000 men. Nothing important has occurred at the blockade of Bayonne, or in Catalonia, tince I addretsed your Lordship last. AWe, March 14, 1S14, I inclow Marshal Sir Williaoi Betesford't ptiiale letter to me^ writien after his arrival at Bor^ deaux, from which you will see that ibe Mayor and people of the town 176 ANNUAL REGISTER, 181*. town liavc aiiopted the Wliile Cockade, and declared for the House of Bourbon. Marsh.it Sir W. Beresford's pri- vate Icirer, to which Lord Wel- lington's dispatcli refers, is dated at Bordeaux, nth March, 1814. Ii slates, in substance, that he entered the city on ih?it day. That he wit tnrt 3 abort distance from the town, by the civil authorities and population of the place, and was received io the ciry with every demons I ration of joy. The magislraies and the city guards look ofT the eagles ai)d other badges, and spontaneously (ubstilutrd the while cockade, which bad beenadopied univerMlly by tbc people of Bordraiix. Eighty-four pieces of canncn were found in the eiiy ; and an hundred boxes of secreted arms had beeu produced already. Admrralti)-'i^e, Ajiril t, [Theannexrd leiier from Cap- tain Palmer, of the Hebnis, de- tailing the capture of the French frigaie L'Eloile, on the morning ofibej/ih uli. after an arduous chaie of T30 miles, and a well- fought action of two hours and a quarter, in eight fathoms of water, under Cape La Hogue, is tram- niitied in letiers from Rear-Ad- miral Sir R. Bickeilon and Cap* Sir M. Seymour, both of whom declare themselves at a Ids; to express in adequate terms, their admiration of Captain Palmer's ' tkill and decUion on to interesting an occasion, and bis new shfp's conapaoy, bis officers, and bit own able and intrepid coodact.] Hu Mmaty't Ship Hebna, March 3^, 1814. Sir, — When the Hannibal and his Majesty's ship under my com- mand separated on the morning of the i6th, in cha^e of tbe two French frigates we had fallen in with, we continued in pursuit of the one you were pleased to de- tach tts after, the whole day, with all our canvas spread. About midnight he reached the race of Aldemey, and the wind scanting, we began 10 gain upon him fast ; by ihe time he had run the length of Point Jobourg, leading into the Bay of La Hogue, he was obliged to aticmpi rounding it almost within the wash of (be breakers ; and here, after an anx- ious chase of 15 hours, and run* ning him upwards of tso miles, we were fortunate enough, be- tween one and two in the owrii. ii)g, to bring him (o batrle : we crossed Iiis stern, our jib-bootn pasting over his tafrail, and shot in betwixt him and the shore, in eight fathoms water, and it filling nearly calm about this time, Ihe ships continued nearly in the lame »pot until the conclusion of ihc aciion. Atiiscommeoceoient we suffered considerably in our f'Eg't'gi the enemy firing high, lie shot away our fore-topmasi and fore-yard, crippled our main- mast and bowspi it, and cutaway almost every shroud, stay, and brace we had. Our tire frora the first, and throughout, was directed at our opponent's hull, and the chips being as close together as they could he without touching, he suftered most severely, enry shot wblch struck passing tbroagb bim. About four o'dock bi» mlien-mast felLby the board, and his fire ceased, when, after an ttb- •tinate contett of two hoora »il a qaarter, he faailnl ni, to cajr that he had itrnck bis coloun. Tbe momeot we could get poaseasioo. APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 177 it became necessary to put the beads of both ships off shore, as vrcll from the apprehension of rroonding, ai to get them clear from a battery which had been firing at- both of us during the whole ac- tion, those on shore not being Me, from the darkness, to distinguish $ne from the other 5 fortunately tbe tide set us round the pointy and ^e anchored soon afterwards in VauvilleBay, in order to secure pur masts as well as we were able. The prize proves to be L'£toile French fngale, mounting 44 guns, 28 1 8- pounders on the main deck, and the remainder carronades^ with a complement of 320 men $ she was commanded by Monsieur Henry Pierre Phjlibert, Capitaine 3e frigate, who was returning, together with La Sultane (the otber frigate,) from a four months* braise to the westward. L'Etoile is a yery fine frigate, quite new, fnd sails wellf she lost in the action 40 killed, and had upwards of 70 wounded ; her masts which remained are shot through, and iier hull extremely shattered, hav- ing four feet water in her hold at the time she surrendered. We are also a good deal cut up^ several of Qur guns dismounted, and I bafe to regret the loss of some ^-brave men, 13 killed and 25 wounded, some of them, I fear, 4aDgcrously. Amongst the former was a most promising young gen- tieman, Mr. P. A. Crawley, mid- ihipman, who fell unhappily early in the action. I cannot. Sir, sufficiently ex- press'to you how much I have to adn^iire in the conduct of every <>be w)iom I bad the pleasure to €ocpmand upon this occasion. I beg most earnestly to recommend Vot. LVI. Mr. R. M. Jackion, th^ Senior Lieutenant ; as also to give my best testimony to the exertions of the junic^ Ueutenants. Mes8n« Addis and Cocks, together with Lieuts. Griffith and M'Laughlin^ of the marines. To Mr. M'Gowao^ the master, I aoi much indebted for the skill and care with which he condiicted the steerage of tha ship during a period of much difficulty and peril. Mr. Maddox, the purser, very handsomely vo« lunteered his attendance on deck^ where he rendered good servicet. I cannot close this letter with^ out observing, that I derived the greatest assistance frora the pro« fessional ability of Captain wiU liam Sargent of the navy, who was serving on board with me as a volunteer. Herewith, Sir, yoa have lists of the killed and wounded ; and I notice with great pleasure the care and attention of Mr. Bojrter^ sur* geon, not only towards our owa men, but to those of the enemy also. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) Sdm. Palmbr, Captain of his Majcsty*s ship Hebrus. SHere follows a list of 13 killed, uding a midshipman, P. A* Crawley, and 25 wounded. The prize L*£toile had 40 killed and 71 wounded.] Admhralty-office, July 23. Copy of a Letter firom Captain' Hillyar, of his Majesty's ship Phoebe, to John Wilson Croker^ Esq. dated in Valparaiso Bay, March 3©. Sir, — I have the honour to ac- quaint you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the N Admiralty, 178 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Admiralty, that a little past three 0 clock on the afternoon of the i;8tU iostat)t, after nearly five months anxious search, and bix vreeks still more anxious look* QUt for the Essex and her com- panion, to quit the port of Val- paraiso, we saw the former under weigh, and immediately, accom- panied by the Cherub, made sail to. close with her: on rounding t,he outer point of the bay, and hauling her wind for the purpose of endeavouring to weather us, aqd escape, she lost her main top- mast, and afterwards not succeed- ing in an effort to regain the limits of the port, bore up, and anchored so near the shore (a few miles to the leeward of it), as to preclude the possibility of passing a«head of her without risk to his Majesty's ships. As we drew near, my intention of going close under her stern was frustrated by the ship breaking off, and from the wind blowing extremely fresh -, Qur first fire, commencing a little past four^ and continuing about ten minutes, produced no visible ef- fect : our second, a few random shot only, from having increased our distance by wearing, was not appj^rently more successful, and having lost the use of our main- sail, jib, and main-stay, appear- ances were a little inauspicious. On standing again towards her, 1 signified my intention of anchor- ing, for which we were not ready before, with springs, to Captain Tucker, directing him to keep under weigh, and take a conve- nifht. station for annoying our opponent. On closiag the Essex, at 35 minutes past five, the firing recommenced, and before I gained my intended position^ her cable was cut, and a serious confiic( en«ued -, the guns of his Majestjr'a ship gradually becoming more de- structive, and her crew, if possible, more animated, which lasted until 2o minutes past six; when it pleased the Almighty Disposer of Events to bless the efforts of my gallant companions, and my per- sonal very humble one, with vic- tory. My friend. Captain Tucker, an officer worthy of their ix>rd- ships* best attentions, was severeljr wounded at the commencement of the action, but remained on deck until it terminated, using every exertion against the baffling winds and occasional calms which fol- lowed the heavy firing, to close near the enemy -, he informs roe that his officers and crew, of whose loyalty, zeal, and discipline, I entertain the highest opinion, conducted themselves to his satis- faction. I have to lament the death of four of my brave companions, and one of his; with real sorrow I add, that my first Lientenant, In- gram, is among the number ; he fell early, and is a great loss to hit Majesty *s service 3 the many noanly tears which I observed this moni- ing, while performing the last mournful duty at his funeral on shore, more fully evinced the re- si)ect and affection of his afflicted companions, than any eulogium my pen is equal to. Our lists of wounded are small, and there is only one for whom I am under anxiety. The conduct of my offi- cers and crew, without any indi- vidual exception that has coDoe to my knowledge, before, daring, asid fifter the battle^ was such ai become good aod loyal subjects, zealous for the honour of .their miicll« APPENDIX TO CllRONlCLfi: ' 179 i^iucb-loved though distant King dnd country. The defence of the Essex, taking into consideration our superiority of force, the very discouraging circumstance of her having lost her maintop mast, and being twice on fire, did hotiour to her brave de- fenders, and most fully evinced the courage of Captain Porter, and those under his command. Her colours were not struck until the I08& in killed and Wounded was so awfully great, her shattered condition so seriously bad, as to render further resistance una^ vailing. I was much hurt on hearing that her men had been encou- raged, when the result of the ac- tion was evidently decided, some to take to their boats, and otherr to swim on shore : many were drowned in thtf attempt ; 16 were saved by the exertions of my people, and others, I believe be- tween 30 and 40, effected their landing. I informed Capt. Porter, that I considered the latter, in point of honour, as ray prisoners ; he said the encouragement was given when the ship was in danger from fire, and I have not pressed the point. The Essex is com- pletely stored and provisioned for at least six months, and although much injured in her upper works, inasrs, and rigging, is not in such a state as to give the slightest cause of alarm, respecting her being able to perform a voyage to Europe with perfect safety. Our main and mizen masts and main- yard are rather seriously wounded : tbese^ with a few shot-holes be- tween wind and water, which we can get at without lightening, and a loss of canvas and cordage, which we can partly replace from our well-stored price, iare the ex* tent of the injuries his Majesty's ship has sustained. I feel it a pleasant duty to re* commend to their Lordships* notice^ my now Senior Lieutenant, Pear* son, and Messrs. Allan, Gardner^ Porter, and Daw, midshipmen ; I should do very great injustice to Mr. Geo. O'Brien, the Mate of the Emily merchantman, who joined a boat*s crew of mine in the harbour, and pushed for the ship the moment he saw her likely to come to action, were I to omit recommending him to their Lord- ships ; his conduct^ with that of . Mr. N. Murphy, Master of the English brig Good Friends, were such as to entitle them both to my lasting regard, and prove that they were ever ready to hazard their lives in their country's ho- nourable cause. They came on board when the attempt was at- tended with great risk^ and both their boats were swamped. I have before informed their Lordships> that Mr. O'Brien was once a Lieutenant in his Majesty's service (may now add, that youthful in- discretions appear to have given place to great correctness of con- duct), and as he has proved his laudable zeal for its honour, I think, if restored, he would be found one of its . greatest orna- ments. 1 enclose returns of killed and wounded : and if conceived to have trespassed on their Lord- ships* time by this very long letter, hope it will be kindly ascribed to the right cause — an earnest wisk that merit may meet its due re< ward. I have the honour to be, &c. Jam3s Hillyax. P. S. There has not been found a N 2 shi^'t IJJO ANNUAL REGISTER, 1.814. •btp*s book| or paper of any description (charts excepted), oo board the Essex, or any document relative to the number serving in her previouK to the action. Cap- tain Porter informs me, that be' bad upwards of 260 victualled ; our prisoners, including 42 wound- ed, amount to 161 : 33 were found dedd on her decks, 3 wounded were taken away by Captain Downcs of the Kssex, jun. a few minutes before the colours were struck, and 1 believe 50 or 30 reached the shore ; the remainder were killed or drowned. [Here follows a list of 4 killed and 7 wounded on board the Phoebe, including First Lieutenant William Ingram among the for- mer. On board the Cherub were I killed and 3 wounded, iDcludiog Captain Tucker, tevercly. — ^Total, 5 killed and 10 wounded.] WAR DEPARTMEIIT* Doxvning street, April 16. Major Lord W. Russel arrived last night at this office, bringing a dispatch firom the Marquess of Wellington, to £arl Bathurst, of which the following is a copy : Toulouse, April 1 2. JJy Lord, — I have the pleasure to inform your Lordship that I en- tered this town this morning, which the enemy evacuated during tlie night, retiring by the road of Carcassone. The continued fall of rain, and the state of the roads, prevented me froo) laying the bridge tin the morning of the 8th, when the Spa- nish corps, and the Portuguese ar- tillery, under the immediate orders of Lieutenant Grcoeral Don Manue Freyre, and the head quarter crossed the Garonne, We immediately moved forward to (he neighbourhood of the town; and the iSth hussars, under the - immediate command of Col. Vivian, had an opportunity of making a most gallant attack upon a superior body of ihe enemy's cavalry, which they drove tl>rough the village of Croix d'Orade, and toentlit of }iis assist- ance for some time. The town of Toulouse is siir- rounded on three sides by the canal of Languedoc and the Garonne.— On the left of that river, the suburb which the enemy had fortified with strong iield works in front of the antient wall, fornied a good tete depont. They bad likewise formed a tete depont at each bridge of the canal, which was besides defended by the fire in some places of musketry, and in all of artiilery from the an- cient wall of the town. Bcjrond the canal to the eastward, and be- tween that and the river Krs, is a height which extends as far as Montaudrau, and over which pass all the roads to the canal and Urttn from the eastward, which it de- fends ; and the enemy, in additioP to the ielM depont on the bridgea of the canals had fortified the height with five redoubts, connectmi by lines of eotreocbments, aod bad with extraordinary diligonee made every prepafation for defence.— Thoy APPENDIX TO CHRONICEE. 181 Ttie)' bad likewise brok^ all the bridges over the Ers within oor rciich, bjr which the right of their posiiion could be approached.—' The road-i, however, from the Ariege to Toulouse being impilw* ticablc for cavalry or artillery, and nearly so for infantry, as reported to your Lord^ip in my dispatch of the i8t inst. I had no altcrxiative, excepting to attack the enemy in this formidable position. It was necessary to move the pontoon bridge higher up the Ga- ronoe, in order to shorten the com- munication with Lieut. General Sir Howland HilFs corps, as soon as the Spanish corps had passed; and this operation was not effected till 80 late an hour on the 9th, as to induce roe to defer the attack till the following morning. The plan according to which 1 determined to attack the enemy, was for Marshal Sir W. Beresfora, who was on the right of the £r8 with the 4th and 6th divisions^ to cross that river at the bridge -of Croix d'Orade, to gain possession of Montblanc, and to niarch up the left of the £rs to turn 'the ene- my's right, while Lieutenant Gen. Don Manuel Freyre, with the Spanish corps under his command, supported by the British cavalry, should attack the front. Lieut. General Sir S. Cotton was to fol- low the Marshal's movement, with Major General Lord £. Somerset's brigade of hussars > and Colonel Vivian's brigade, under the com- mand of Colonel Arentsphild, was to observe the movement of the enemy's 4:avalry on both banks of the £rs beyond our left. Tbe 3d and Hght divinons^ un- der the command of Lieutenant General SirT. Plcun and Major Geoiral Charles Baron Albn, atd the brigade of* German- csvalrjr^ were to obser\^ the enemy on tb« lower part of tiie canal, and to draw their attention to that quarM by threatening the tAe de fvmi, while Lieut. General Sir B. Hill was to do the same on tbe snborb on the left of the Garonne. Marshal Sir W. Beresfbrd croas>« ed the £rs, and formed his corps hi three columns of lines in the vil- lage of Croix d'Orade, the 4th dU vision leading, with which bO immediately carried Montblanc.-^ He then moved up the Brs in the same order, over more difficult ground, in a direction parallel t4i the enemy's fortified position ; and as soon as he reached the point at which he turned it, he formed hit lines and moved to the attack.— During these operations Lieutenant General Don Manuel Preyre moved along the lefb of the £rs to the front of Croix d'Grsde, where he formed his corps in two lines witli a reserve on a height in front of Ibe left of tbe eneeay's poiitioa> on which height tbe Portuguese artil- lery was placed ; and Major Qmk Ponsonby's brigade of cavalry in reserve in the rear. As soon as formed, and that it was seen that Marshal Sir William Beresford was ready. Lieutenant General Don Manuel Freyre moved forward to the attack. The troopa marched in good order under a heavy fire of musketry and artille* ry, and shewed great spirit, the Ge- neral and all his staff being at their head j and tbe two lines were soon lodg^ under some banks imme- diately under the enemy's en- trenchments; the reserve and Portuguese artillery, and British cavalry, continning on the helgbti on 182 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. on which the troops had first form- The badness of the roads bad i fl- ed. The enemy> however, re- duced the Marshal to leave his pulsed the movement of the right artillery in the village of Mont- of General Freyre's line round their 'blanc ; and some time elapsed be- left fiank, and having followed up fore it could be brought to bim^ and their success^ and turned our right before Liertenant General Don by both sides of the high road Manual Freyre^s corps could be re- leading from Toulouse to Cfoix formed and brought back to the d'Orade, they soon compelled the attack ; as soon as this was efiected, whole corps to retire. It gave me the Marshal continued his move- great satisfaction to seCj that al- ment along the ridge, and carried, though they suffered considerably with General Pack*s brigade of the in retiring, the troops rallied again 6th division, th^ two principal re- as soon as the light division, which doubts and fortified houses in the was immediately on their right, centre. The enemy made a dcs- moved up ; and I cannot suffici- perate effort from the canal to re- ently applaud the exertions of gain these redoubts, but they were Lieut. Gen. Don Manuel Freyre, repulsed with considerable loss ; the Officers of the Staff of the 4th and the 6th division continuing its Spanish army, and of the Officers movement along the ridge of the of the General Staff, to rally and height, and the Spanish troops con- form them again. tinuing a corresponding movement Lieut. General Mendizabal, who upon the front, the enemy were was in the field as a volunteer, driven from the two redoubts and General Espellata, and several Offi- entrenchments on the lefV, and the cers of the Staff, and chiefs of corps, whole range of heights were in our were wounded upon this occasion; possession. We did not gain this but Greneral Mendizabal continued advantage, however, without severe in the field. The regiments De loss, particularly in the brave 6th Tirad. De Cantabria, under the division. Lieut. Col. Coghlan, of command of Colonel Sicilio, kept the6ist, an officer of great merit its position under the enemy's en- and promise, was unfortunately irenchments^ until I ordered them killed in the attack of the heights, to retire. Major General Pack was wounded. In the mean time Marshal Sir but was enabled to remain in the W. BoresforJ, with the 4th divi- field; and Colonel Douglas, of the fiion, under the command of Lieut. 8th Portuguese regiment, lost his General Sir L. Cole, and the 6th leg; and I am afraid I shall bede« division, under the command of prived for a considerable time of hb Lieutenant Gen. Sir H. Clinton, assistance. attacked and carried the heights on The 36th, 42d, 79th, and 61 st the eoemy*s right, and the redoubt regiments, lost considerable num- which covered and protec ted that bers, and were highly distinguished flank 3 and he lodged those troops throughout the day. on Uie same heights with the ene* I cannot sufficiently applaud the ray, who were, however, still in ability and conduct of ^larslial Sir possession of four redoubts and the W. Beresfbrd throughout the ope- entrenchmenttaod fortified Ihmscs. satioxis of tlfe day 5 nor that ,oif lie«t«' APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE, 189 Lieut. Generals Sir L. Cole^ and Sir H. Clinton; Major Generals Pack and Lambert, and the troops ^nder their command. Marshal Sir W. Bcresford particularly re- ports the good conduct of Brigadier General D' Urban, the Quarter faster General; and Gen. Brito Mozinho, the Adjutant General of the Portuguese army. The 4tb division, although ex- posed on their march along the eneroy*s front to a galling 6 re, were not so much engaged as the 6tb division, and did notsufierso much; but they conducted themselves with their usual gallantry. I had aho every reason to be sa- tisfied wit l» the conduct of Lieut. Genera) D;.i. Manuel Frey re, Lifut. General IX^) Gabriel Mendizabal, Marescal dr C mpo Don Pedro de la Barcena, Brii. ulier Gen. Don J. DeEspelata, Mnrcst-al de Campo Don A. Garces de Marcilla, and Chief of the Stati' Don E. S. Sal- vador, and the Officers of the Staff of the 4th army. The officers and troops conducted themselves well in all the attacks which they made subaequent to their being re-form- ed. The ground not having admitted of the operations of the cavalry^ they had no opportunity of charg- ing. . While the operations above de- tailed were going forward on the left of the army, Lieutenant Gen. Sir Rowland Hill drove the enemy from their exterior works in the suburbs, on the left of theGaronne, within the ancient wall. Lieut. General Sir Thomas Picton like- wise, with the 3d division, drove the enemy within the Ute de pont on the bridge of the canal neai^- ctt to the Garonne \ bat the trt)ops having made an effoit to carry li^ they were repulsed, and some loai was sustained. Major Genent Brisbane was woanded, but I hoprf not so as to deprive me for waf length of time of his assistance; and Lieutenant Colopel Forl>es, dT the 45 th, an officer of great merit; was killed. The army being thus established on three sides of Toulouse, £ im*^ mediately detached our light ca- valry to cut off the communicatiott by the only road practicable filr carriages which remained to the enemy, till I should be enabled to' make arrangements to establish' the troops between the canal aoct the Garonne. The enemy, however, retircdl last night, leaving is our hands Genet al D*Harispe, General Bur* rot. General St, Hilaire, and i>6oa prisoners. One piece of cannot^ was taken on the field of battle; and others, and large quantities of stores of all descriptions^ in the town. Since I sent my last report, t have received an account from Bear Admiral Penrose, of the suc- cesses in the Gironde of the boats of the squadron under his com« mand. Lieut; General the Eari of Dal- housie crossed the Garonne, nearly about the time that Admiral Pen* rose entered the river, .and pushed the enemy *s parties under General L*Huillier, beyond the Dordogne. He then crossed the Dordogne on the 4th, near St. Andre de Cub* zac, with a detachment of the troops under his command,- with » view to the attack of the fort of Bloye. His Lordship found Gen. L'Huillier and Gren. Des Barreaux posted near Etaoliers, and made hii disposition. 18* ANNUAL REGISTER, I8U. 4Iip0pitiDD to M$tk tbtin^ when ihcf retired, lea? ingaboot aoo pri- soQcn in bis haods. I eadose the Eirl of Dalhomie*! report of tbii ■flbir. la the operation which I have now reported, I have bad eveiy neaiOD to be Mtis&ed with the as- sistance I received from the Quar- ter Master and Adjatant General, and the Otficers of iheir depart- ments respectively ; from Mariscal deCainpo Don Louis Wimpfeo, and the Officers of the Spanish Staff, and from Major Gen. Alava» firoai Colonel Dickson, command- ing tlie Allied artillery, from Lieut. Colonel Lord Fitzroy Somerset, and the Officers of my personal Stafif. I send this dispatch by my Aide de Camp, Major Lord Wm. Rus- sell, whom I t>eg leave to recom- mend toyourLordship*s protection. 1 have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) Wellington. I enclose a return of the killed and wouuded in the late opera- tions. Oil the Heights near Biai/r, Afir'U 6. ^Iy Lord, —On the 4th I crossed ti;(» Dordogne at St. Andre de C'ubzac, and advanced next morn« in^ with the troops I stated in my last letter to your Lordship, my H^cond brigade, my cai^adores, and the 7th Portuguese regiment, four guns, and one squadron of the i ath light dragoons. 1 learned (but Generals UHuiU licr and Des Sarreaox, with 300 cavalry, and 1200 infantry^ had retired by Etanliers. I therefore iiiGved on that point, intending to turn back again on fibye^ if I found these oiHcers had coutinucd their retreat on Saintes. General L'Httillier commanding, thought proper to remain at Etanliers^ and drew out his corps on a large open common near that, occupying some woods in front of ii. The flank companies of the 6th and Bronswickers soon cleared those woods, and Major Jcnkin* son's guns had a fair field for his practice. The infantry and cavalry gave way, and retired through Etauliers, leaving siatrered parties to shift for themselves. One of thcfte, about 80 men, was gallant- ly charged by the weak squadron of the i2tb dragoons, under Mayor Bridger, and taken prisoners. In all we took about 30 officers and 250 or 300 men. Great num- bers dispersed in the woods, and, in a short time, it is thought, the whole of their infantry conscripts will leave them. I have the honour to l>e, Itc Dalhousib. My loss yesterday was very triHiog. Alstract Return qf RilUd, UTnmd^ ed, and Missing, of the Army under th^ Command of his Ex* celUncy Field Marshal the Mar* quess of IVellinf^ton, in action with the enemy Jrwn the 22d of March to tie ^th of April, in* elusive. Total British Loss— 3 rank anr file, 3 horses, killed \ i colonel, captain, i lieutenant, 4 serjeant' S14 rank and iile, 30 horses, wouor ed ; 1 seijeaot, 9 rank and f^ horses missing, Alstraet Return qfKUkJ, Wkn ed, and Missing, of th9 A under the ^mi^md ^ his Ei APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 185 kmf FiMMarshai the Matqueis 9f Wellingtw, K. G. in the attack of the enemy's fortified position covering Toulouse, o^ tAe lotk day of April, Total Bntith Lon — 2 lieutenant ' c6loaels, 6 capuina, 5 licmeQants, 3 ensigns^ 17 Serjeants, i drum- mer* 378 rank and die, 55 horses^ killed I 2 general-staff, 3 lieutenant colonds, 4 majors, 31 captains^ 69 lieuiemmtt, sa ensigns, 3 staff, 86 seijeing pre- pared for moving forward, they marched on the 15th and the 17th instant towards Castlenaudary. I sent forward on the 16th an- other officer, who had been sent from Paris to Marshal Soult ; and I received from him the following day the letter of which I enclose a copy, brought by the General of* Division Count Gazan, who in- formed me, as indeed appears by the Marshal's letter^ that he had acknowledged the Provisional Go^ vemment of France. I therefore authorised Major General Sir George Murray, and Mareschal de Campo Don Louis Wimpfcn to arrange with General Ga»m 186 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Gazan a ConTCOtlon for the sus- pension of hostilities between the allied armies under my command, and the French armies under the command of Marshals Soalt and Suchet, of which I enclose a copy. This convention hns been con- firmed by Marshal Soult, though I have not yet received the formal ratifications, as he waits for that of Marshal Suchet. This General, apprehending that . there might be some delay in the arrangement of the convention with Marshal Soult, has in the mean time sent here Col. Richard, of the staff of his army, to treat for a convention for the suspension of hostilities with the army under his immediate command; and I havedi* rected Major Gen. Sir George Mur- ray, and the Marechal de Campo Don Louis Wimpfen, toagrcf:tothe same articles with this ofHcer, as I {)ad before agreed as relating to the army under Marshal Suchet with Count Gazan. No military event of importance has occurred in this quarter since I made my last report. It gives me much concern to hav^ to lay l)cfore your Lordship the enclosed reports from Major General Colville and Major Gene- ral Howard, of a sortie from the citadel of Bayonne on the morning of the 14th instant J in which Lieu- tenant General Sir John Hope having been unfortunately wound- ed, and his horse killed under him, he was made prisoner. . I have every reason to believe fhat his wounds are not severe, but I cannot but regret that the satis- faction generally felt by the army upon the prospect of the honour- ably terminatioa of their iaboun. should be clouded by the misfortuno and sufferings of an ofHoer so highly esteemed and respected by all. I sincerely lament the loss of Major General Hay, whose services and merits I have had frequent occasion to bring under your Lord^ ship's notice. By a letter from Lieutenant Gc-> neral William Clinton, of the 6th, I learn that he was about to carry into execution my orders of the 4th and 8th of March, to withdraw from Catalonia, in consequence of the reduction in Catalonia of the force under Marshal Suchet. Upon the breaking up of this army, I perform a most satisfactory duty in reporting to your Lordship my sense of the conduct and merit of Lieutenant Greneral William Clinton, and of the troops under his command since they have been employed in the Peninsula. Circumstances have not en- abled those troops to have so brilliant a share in the opera- tions of the war, as their bro- ther officers and soldiers on this side of the Peninsula; but they have not been less usefully employ- ed ; their conduct when engaged with the enemy has always been meritorious; and I have had every reasouto be satisfied with the Ge- neral OfHcer commanding, and with them. I send this dispatch by my Aide de Carpp, Lord George Lenox, whom I beg leave to recommend to your Lordship's protection. 1 am, &c. (Signed) Wellinctow. I encloses return of the killed, wounded, and missing, on thie occasion of the sortie from Bay-i , oone. Baucaut^ APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 187 Baucaut, April 14. My Lord,— It is to my iofioite regret that owing to the unfortu- nate circumsianceof the capture of Lieutenant Grneral Sir John Hope, the duty devolves on roe of inform- ing your l^rdiibjp of a sortie wbtcb the cneniy made this morQ- ing at three o'clock, from the en- ttenched camp in front of the citadel of BxiiDnf, with felse at- tacks in iniiK ut the posts of the 5th divivti n, &c. at Auglet and Bellevue. I am happy to say, that the grounil which had been lost on Ibis miIl- wa* all rrcovercci, and the ^cqitet^ re-posted on their origi- nal )>iiiiii their assistance, when the enrmv wan immediately chargrd, and the line of posts re« occupied as beto'e. Major-Gren. Stopford, I regi^rt to say, was wounded, when tbe comniand of the brigade devolved on Colonel Guise. In consequence of the enemy having gained temporary possession of some houses which had been occupied by the pic(]uets of the centre of the position. Col. Maitland found the enemy was in possession of ground on the rear of his left, and immediately advanced against him rapidly with the 3d battalion ist uu rds, com- manded by Lieutenant Colon'?! the Hon. W. Stewart, on a ridge of ground which runs par liel with tbe roads, and Lieutenant-Colonel Woodford, of the Coldstream, as- cending the hill at tbe same time by a simultaneous charge, these two corps immediately dislodged the enemy, and re-occupied all jihe posts which we had before possess- ed ; and from the time the enemy was dislodged, he did not shew the least disposition to renew the at- tack. Colonel JMaitland expressed his satisfaction ' at the conduct of both his officers and men, and also his obligation to Lieutenant-Col. Woodford, for his prompt con- currence in the movements above- mentioned. It- was towards the ris^t that Lieutenant-General Sir Jomi Hope was taken, in endeavouring to bring up some troops to the sup- port APPENDIX TO CHRONICLiE. 189 port of the picqucts, he came un- expectedly in the dark on a party of the enemy ; his horse was shot dead and fell upon him^ and not being able to disengage himself from under it, he was unfortu^ nately made prisoner, i regret to say that from a letter I have re- ceived from him, 1 find he was woua(!ed in two places, but in neither of them dangerously; you will easily conceive, Sir, ibat only one feeling, that of thf greatest re- gret, pervades ail the troops at the Lieutcnani-Generars misfortune. The ene;my having commenced their attack between two and three o'clock in the morning, a consi- derable part of the operations took place before daylight, which gave them a great advantage from their numbers j but whatever end they might propose to themselves by their attack, I am happy to say it has been completely frustrated, as* they effected no one object by -it, except setting fire to one house in the centre of our position, which, from being within three , hundred yards of their gnns, they had ren- dered perfectly untenable before, wlienever they chose to cannonade it. From the quantity of fire of ever}' description which the enemy brought on us, you will easilv con- ceive our loss could not be mcon- siderable- In Major-General Hay, who was well known to you, his Majesty*s service has lost a most zealous and able ofBcer, who has served a considerable titne in this army with great distinction. The loss of the enemy must, however, have been severe, as he left many dead behind him, and he was af- terwards observed bui) ing a good number of meo. In regard to pri- soners, we bad no opportunity* of making many, from the fecility tlie enemy possessed of immediately retiring under the guns of thcil^ works. To Major-Generals Hinuberand Stopford, and Colonel Maitlap^l^ commanding brighdes, as well as to Colonel Guise, who took the command of the ad brigade of guards after Major-General Stop- ford was wounded, I beg to ex« press my best thanks for their ex- ertions and promptitude dnring the a0air, as well as to LicatfiDant* Colonel the Hon. A. Upton, As*. sistant - Quarter - Master - Genera), and to Lieutenant-Colonel Dash- wood, Assistant-Adjutant-General of the Division^ from both of whom I received every assistance, and also from Captain Battersby, ipy Aid-de-Camp, till he was wound* ed. I must also express my thanks to Lieutenant- Colonel M'JDooald, the Assistant-Adjutant-Generai of the left column^ for his assistance, he having joined roe after Lieut* Gen Sir John Hope was wounded. Indeed, all the troops throughout the whole business behaved with the greatest gallantry. I am, &c. (Signed) K. A. Howard, Commanding ist Division. P. S. I omitted to mention that Major-General Bradford hacT moved up one battalion of the 24th Portuguese regiment of his brigade, in the support of the bri- gade of the King's Uerman Legion, w hen Major-Gcn. Hinuber drove the enemy from the village of St. Etienne, in the early part of the morning. Colonel Maitland also reports to me, that he received great assistance from Lieutenant- Colonel Burgoyne, of The Royal Engineers, who h:id been chained With ISe ANNUAL REGISTER, 18U. with the coMtructlon of the diffe^ tent point! Ht defence on the right of the poudon. To Mq.-Gen. the Hoii. Cbarles Ckilville. Return of Killed, Wounded, and Miiwig, of iha Army under tke cmmMand cfMt Excellma/ Field- Marikal the Marqum of JFci- ImgUn, K. G. in a sortie made 6v the Garrison of Bayaime, on ik* taoning of the ntk AfrU, 1814. Total British Loss — i eeneral ■tofr, 1 major, 3 caplaini, 3 lini- tcoants, 3 icrjeants, 1 dnimniers, 1 19 rank and file, killed 1 i gcDc- nl staff, 3 Hob I en ant- colonel*, 2 oujon, locaptains, i6lieuleDaDl>, 3 ensigns, t staff, i/ serjeanu, 5 drummers, 370 raok and file, i borse, wounded ; i general slafF, 3 captain*, i lieutenaat, i ensign, J seijeants, t drummers, 3i8 rank and file, missing. Total Portuguese Loss— 6 rank and file killed ; 3 captains, i Ser- jeant, 18 Tank and file, wounded) 3 nnk and file missing. Doittiiag-ttreel, May 8, 1814. Captain Milne*, Aide-de-Camp to Lieutenant -General Lord Wil- liam bentinck, K. B. has arrived at this office, bringing a dii^pa^cb, addressscd by his lordship 10 Earl £atl)urst, of which the following is a copy : Genoa, April io, 1814, Mf Lord, — My dispatch of the 6th instant will have made jour lordship acquainted with the oC' cupatioD of Spezia, and with the movement of the troopc down to that period. Upon my arrival at Leghorn, I learnt that there were only two tbousanc! men in Genoa. Thepos' MMion of that harbour and fortress waa of iucb very great imporlaDce, that i dctemained to move On a< rapidly as possible, and to take ad- vantage of its defenceless state : not succeeding, I had a safe retreat npon Spezia, from whence I might advance the infantry by Pontre- moli towards the Po. Upon my arrival at Se*tri, I found that the enemy had been re- inforced at Genoa. The garrisoK coDiiiled of between 5 and 6000 The ro^ds in the moantains being very bad, and the means of transport a* well by land at by sea, being limited, I was not able to concentrate the army till the I4tb. On the 8ih, the enemy was dis- lodged from the strong country new Sesiri. On the i3lh, Major-General Montresor's division -drove the enemy from Mount Fascia and Nervi; and on the 13th establish- ed himself in the advanced posi- tion of Sturla. The country was CKtrcmely mountainous and diffi- cult, and the troops met with con- siderable opposition. On the i6ih, dispositions were made for attacking the enemy, who bad taken a very *frong posi- tion in front of Genoa; his left upon the forts Riclielieu and Tecla, liis centre occupying the village of St. Martino, -and from thence ex- tending to the sea, through a conn* try tlie most impassable I ever ■aw, thickly covered with country faoiues, only comrounicaiing with each other by narrow lanet ba- tween high walls. On the 17th at day-break the attack began. The 3a Itriiaiu, under Lient.- Cfriooel APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.. 19< Colonel Ceravignpc, iltacked witb great spirit a height in front of Fort Tecll, drove away the enemy, and took three mountain guiu. A part of the jd Italian* moved up the hill towards Fort Kicbelien : while Li eulenant- Colonel Travm, descending from Mount Fascia, witb ihe Calabrese and Grccki, got ponessioo of the biglie'^t part of the bill above the fort, and wims of his [Dcn puibed forward actually under tbc wall, when ibe garrison, kfcaid of being taken by etcalade, surrendered. Fort Tecll wai bastijy evacuated, and (he greater pan of tbe ene- iny*» force made priionera. Tbe fortunate poiseuion of these ttroQg forti, together with the heights, completely exposed the CDcmy's left, which in consequence ictiied. The attacks upon the etiemy'i right were made in tliree colomni by Major-General Montresor's di- vision, supported by that of Lieut- GeiKral Maefarlane. The troops advanced with great vigour, and altbougb the intersected state of tbe couDlry enabled the enemy to maintain himself for a considerable period, his left being turned, be wai obliged at last to retire preci> pitaiely into the town. The im- possibility of making use of artil- lery, and tbe cover everv where afforded both to the attackers and defenders, prevented any seriout Isu on either side. At noon, the army, under cover of tbe houses, look a position within 600 yards of the narrowest ■ad most assailable front of the town, from whence the very bot- tom of the wall was discovered, atid the defences could be easily destroyed. Preparations were immediately and with great activity made t^ LieuL-Col. Lemoine, commaitct^ ing the artillery, and Captolii 1^^ den, the pHndpal en^neer officer,: for the coDstniction of the necea- sary batteries; and it was hoped that an auanit might have been given on the folJowing day. On tbe same day Sir Edward Pellew's squadron came in sight, and anchored in front of Nervi. In the evening a deputation a€ the inhabitants, accoinpaoicd by 4 French efHcer, came to beg that I would not bombard the town) they urged me to agree to a sus-^ . pension of artns for a few days ; during which, from the accounts from France, it would appear, that peace must be made. I answered, that these were arguments to use to the French commandant, but not to me. It was for the Frencb general to abandon a town he could not defend, and for me to push an advantage which fortune had put within my reach. The next morning several oom- miinications passed between my' self and the French general, whoio object was to gain time. In tbe hope that some arrangement else- where might avert the necessity of his surrender ; but as I would not Uslen to his propositions, it was at last agreed Ihst commissioneif ■bould be appointed on cither side ; by whom the enclosed convenlion was m'ade, and the Frencb garriioa will march out to-raoirow morning. It is now three years since Lieut. -Gen. Macfarlane has acted as my second io command ) and upon this, as upon all occasioDs, I am most thankful for iiis cordial and honourable co-operaiion and assistance. 19« ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. To Major-General Montresor I am also much iodebled ; all the operationi inirnsicd to hi« charge were conducted with great judg- ment and vigixir. All ihc officers and troops of his Majesty have acted to my entire aaliffaciIoD. The Sicilian troops, under Bri- gadier-General Roth, were engaged oqually wilb our own, and Sis- plared the greatest brarery. The utmost respect and confidence mu- tual) y prevails. The Italian le*y completely ful- filled the expectations I had always formed of them. In the whole course oftheser- Tice, the navy have home a distin- guished pan. To Captain Sir Josiat Rowley, who conducted ihe naval pan of the eipedition, I have to express my particular acknowledgments ; I am equally indebted for his ad- vice, as for his hearty and most ef- fectual co-opcraiion. From the energy and bravery of the Hon. Capt. Dundas, who was principally charged with the dirce- tionsashore.and who took an active pan with his marines and guns in ihe military operations, the army derived the utmost assistance, J regret to say, that in this ser- vice. Lieutenant Mapleton, First of the Edinburgh, was wounded. I beg to recommend him, through your lordship, to the favourable consideration of the Lords of the Admiralty. Captain Hamilton, of the Rain- bow, rendered essential service to the advanced corps of the army. I have (he honoar to enclose re- torns of the killed and wounded. I'hcrc have been found io Ge- noa a very conudenble amount of naval and military stores, of which exact return* will be transmitted as looD at ther can be prepared. 1 have the honour to be, Btc. W. C. Bebtikck, LieuL-General. CONVENTION conclirfcd be- tween Ijeut.-Gen. Mac6riane, stipnlating in the name of bis Excellency Lord Wm. BentiiKk, Commander-in-Chief of the comtnned Army acting on the coast of Genoa, and Sir Charles Rowley, Bart. Commander of the Squadron under the or4*rs of Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Pel lew, Bart, Commander-in- Chief of the English fleet in the Mediterranean, on one part; and the Chevalier Dubignon, Colonel, commanding the 38tb Legion of Gendarmerie, and the Chevalier Chopia, Inspector of Revenues in the iSth Military Division, stipulating, in the name of Baron Fresia, General of Division, Chief Commandant of the Fortress of Genoa, on the other part. Art. 1. The fortress of Genoa shall be given up to the combined English and Sicilian troops. All hostilities, therefore, ceaie from this moment between the troops and the garrison of Genoa. Art. II The said combined troops shall take possession of the city of Genoa to-morrow morning, ai five o'clock ; that is to say, the)' shall occupy at that hour the gates nile and del Arco. as welt as the quarter of La Pace, situated be- tween those gates. They shall likewise occup/, at the tame hcnr. Fort Quetse, and lU the Mberei- APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE, IS9 siivelj, tenot Carta and gate*, duriiig the same daf . Art. III. Three Rfaipi of war dull enter at the tame hour into the port of Gctioa, Art. IV. The French troopt •hall remHin in possession of the reiDflining part of the town, antil Thundiy the 3ist initanLat agfat ID the morning. On that day ih^ ■hall set out for France by the ifaortcst way. Id case they thoald take the road of Nice, the English govern meot engages to fiirDtth three vesaels Co provide for the conveyance of their baggage. Art. V. They shall puiiiie the military route tixed by the regtila- tions, and they are on no account to be nwlested on their march, «iiber by the troops of his Brttan- Dtc Majesty, or those of bis allies. Art. VI, The French troops ■ball march out with drums beat* •i^, ipalches lighted, with their ariBi and bai^gage, and with all the honours of war. They shall take with tbem six pieces of can- non, and ihcpoo'der containing the necessary quantity of ammunition for the said cannon, snd Ultewise one hundred and twenty cartridges pec man. Art.VlI. All persons fonaing part of the said Frrnch troops shall lake with them all the effects and baggage that belong to ibem, it b^g well understood that under Ibia meaning are compriihended the private magazinegof theforcesj but not those of government. Art. VIII. Two commissaties ihall be appointed to-morrow morning, in order to draw up an ■aveDttK7 of the magazines and gorerameDt shall be affixed then* on, leaving, however, at the J6h position of the French Iroopii a mach as will be sufficient for tbtir ■ubnstence until the aiat initaiK, and beside* bitcnit, ratioda for fbu daysi for the number of tniiOfs present under arms, aDd in gani* •on at Genoa. Art. IX, Every thing beloDviag to the French marioe Will be mm vered over to-morrow to the Bii* lish tiavy. Art. X, The sick and woandod of the French army shall remain in the hospitals of the plac£ until ibey be cured. They shall to treated and sabaisted a* beretofiw^ at the expence of the French go* There shall remain at Genoa • commissary and a medical officer, in order to regulate the iiipulaltoni of the tenth article, and send tbs military back to Prance after thdr Art.XI. Id case aity thing should require to be regulated, coitimisa*- ries will be appointed on both tide* to that eficct. Done at St. Francois d' Albert), this iSthdaynf April, 1814. Retorn of killed, wounded, and missing, of the allied British and Sicilian armies before Genoa, be- tween the 13th and 17th April, J8I4; Total loss— One ensign, thir^- stx rank and file, killed ; one im- jor, three captains, one IteDtenafif^ two stag", seven seijeants, one drammer, 159 rank and file. aduibaltt ofpics, hat 8> 1814. A dispatch was this day recdnd from Vice Admiral Sir £. P*l- 194 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. lew/fiart. addressed to JobD Wil* 60Q Croker, Esq. of which the loL* howingiAn copy. His Mqjosty*s Ship Chledunia, . Ganmi Mote, April I ^t 1814. Sir>— I have great pleasure in annquDcing to their Lordships the surreoder of this fortress last oight by capiiulatioD. 1 have the honour to enclose the terms. - At the request of Lord William Bcntinck. I came hither with the ftbips named in the niargin^> leav- ing-the remainder of the fleet to watch Toulon, under the orders of Bear Admiral Sir Richard King ; and on my arrival on the morning of the i7tb, the batteries hadjuht opened their fire, and were warm- ly engaged with those which had been opened by the assailants. I have desired Sir Josias Rowley to make a report of that part of the servico which devolved upon the naval force employed on this ser- vice, and beg to recommend those whom he has pointed out to their Lordships* favour ; but it remains for me to state, that the manner in which the wliule service has been conducfcd by Sir Josias Row- ley claims my sincere acknowledg- ments, and their Lordships will, I am sensible, receive it with a just consideration of liis uniform zeal and merits. I have the honour to be, &c. Kdward Pbllew. John Wilson Croker, Esq. Secretary to the AdniiraJty, * Caledonia, Boyne, Union, Prince of Wales, and Pembroke, ''' ' His Majesty's Ship America, qff^ Genoa, April 18, 1814. S'lti — I have die honour to in- form you, liiat in pursuance of my communication of the 31st ultimo, from Leghorn roads, I sailed from thence on the 7th of April, with his excel]t*ncy Lieutenant General Lord Williani ficntinck on board After various communications with the troops at Spezia and other parts of the coast, we anchored otf Recce, in the gulf of Genoa, on the 1 Ith. The Honourable Cap- tain Dundns had, with the Edin- burgh, Rainbow, and some of the flotilla, during my absence, co- operated with the advance of the army with his usual activity and zeal. On the 1 3th, the transports hav- ing arrived from Sicily, the troops were immediately landed, and the ships and gun-boats moved on in advance with the arm v. On the 17th, every preparation being made for the att«')ck, at day- light the army moved forwards to drive the enemy from their posi- tions without the town of Genoa. The gnn and morcar vessels, with the ships' boat.<%, armed with carro* nades, were advanced along the sea line to attack the batteries ; the greater part of the marines, under the command of Captain Rea, royal maiincs, were also embarked in the transports* boats, ready to land as occasion might require. As soon as the troops advanced, the whole of the gun vessels and boats opened th^ir fire with such efl«ct, that on the landing of the seamen and marines, and preparing to storm, the enemy deserted their batteries, and the whole of the sea line, witliouc the walls, which V ere instantly taken possession of^ rnd soon turned on the place ; by ibit means drawing off a coosider- ible portion of the enemy's fire, "ibe arrival of the Caledonia af- forded APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 19S fonM yon. Sir, an opporlunitj of witnessing the remaining opera- lioDi-. and the spirited Are which was kepi up at ttie balterj, under the directions of Lieiiipnantj Ba- zalgelie and While, against a Terf- superior one of the enemy, - by which, I regret to state, that Lieutenant Bewick, of the Pytades, an officer of much promise, was killed. Mf warmest thanlts are dne to tbe'whole of the captains, officers, seamen, and marines, which 1 bad the honour to have ptaeed under xny onJcTS, for their zealous and active co-operation wliile under my command. I was partimlarly indebted to Capinin Bracr, for hw aide aisistnncc; he was so f;{xxl ai to direct the advance of the boiti and gun-veaseli. Captains Dnndai and Hamilton had, as usnal, been most assidanui in forwarding the aperationn of tlie troop« ) and mjr tliankii are due to Captains Power aixl Wemysft, for their ready as- ustsnce. Captain Flinn had vo- hinteered to head a party of !«■• men, which were landed with (cal- iag-ladders, to storm one of the hill fort", had it been necemry. Captain Thompson, in the Abou- Mc,' who. assisted by the ships and vCMCls S5 per margin *, blockaded the tort, conducted with much clftct a false attack to the wesl- wtrd of the town, which drew off a conntlerable number of the ene- IBj't troops. I have again occasion to DOtice the good ccmduct of the Sieiliao flotilla, which were well led by Lieutenant Pcngally. I tveg that I may be permitted to bring to your notice Lieutenant Baialgeite, * Aboukir, Iphigeoia, Farieuie, Sn^low, C^baUn. senior of this ship, wboKservicet I hare long had reason to appreciate The actire officer, LicutenantMa- pleton, of the Edinburgh, I atn sorry to say, has been woandsd, while on service with the aro^. I am indebted to lieutenant Hix ley, principal agent of the trao|ii ports, for ibe zeal and ability wltt . which be has conducted the ser- vice ofthal ^.-partment. I beg leave to enclose a retum of killed and. wounded of the ih^ . and vesselsofihe squadron. I hiM the honour to be, Jrc. i 't ■ (Signed) ! Joi. Bowlbtj itetnrn of killed, wounded, md missing, of seamen and mariDea employed in an attack on Gtaeti i;ih April, 18U. !- Total— Two killed.eight watrnd^ ed, one missing. iSigned) Jos. BowLBT, Captain. N.B.— Two wounded in SiciBttl gun-boats not included. liM of the enemy's ships and vessels of war captured at Genoa, on the surrender of that fortraia, April 18, 1814. Brilliant, of 74 gnn>, ready for launching. Coureur brig, of IG twenty-foar pounders, and 2 long nine-pound- ers. Benard brig, of 14 twenty-fimv pounders, and 2 long nine-pouB^- Eodjmion brig, of 14 twen^ foor ponnden, and 2 loiig e^^ pounders. Sphynx brig, of IS guns, new, equipping. UnktiowD, of 74 gaoh in frune: £dWAID PltLBW. Qa ' VAi 196 ANNUAL REGISTER,. 1814. Domnitig-tirttl, May lo, 1614. A IJiipatch, of which ibc fal- lowing U a copy, bat been thii day Rceived at Earl Bitfaurai* Of- fm, addrewed to his LoTdsbip bf General Lord Lynedock, K. B. y whith it was intended to advance to the assault of the fort. Captain O'Connor had the di- rection of the boats and gtin-boats destined' to land the troops, which consisted of the flank companies of Dc Wattevillcs regiment, the company of the Glengary light infantry, and the second battalion of the royal marines, being all that ooald be landed at one embarka- tion. The four battalion compa- nies of the regiment of Watteville, and the detachment of artillery^ remaining in reserve on board the Princess Charlotte and Sir Sidney Smith schooner. As soon as every thing was ready, the ships opened their fire, and the boats pushed for the pomt of disembarkation in the most te» golar order. The landing wat effected under a heavy fire from the fort, as well as firom a c6nsi- derable body of the enemy drawn up on the brow of the hill and hi the woods. The immediate com- mand of the troops was entrusted to Lieutenant Colonel Fischer, of the regiment De Watteville, of whose gallant, cool, and judicious conduct, as well as of the distin- guished bravery, steadiness, and discipline of every officer and sol- dier composing this small force, I was a witness, having, with Com- modore Sir James Yeo, the depu- ty-adjutant-general, and the offi- cers of my staff, landed with the troops. I refer your excellency to Lieutenant Colonel Fischer's letter enclosed, for an account of the operations. The place was gained ' in too minutes from the moment the troops advanced. The fort being every where almost open, the whole of the garrison, consist- ing of the third battalion of artil- lery, about four hundred strong, and some hundred milkia, etFe(:ted their escape, with the exception of about 8ixt> men, half of them severely wounded. I enclose a rerurn of our loss, amongst which I have to regret that of Captain Hoi ta way, of the royal marines. Your excellency will lament to observe in the list the name of that gallant, judicious, and excellent omcer Captain Mul- caster> of the royal navy, who 198 ANNUAL REGISTER, ISli. ^nded at the bead of two hundred Tolunleers, seamen from ths fleet, and received a levcre and danger- ous wound, when within a tew yards of the giin», which he wa» fdvanciog toatorm, which I ffar will deprive the squadron of hh valua- ble asiiitauce for some time at least. In noticing ihe co-operation of the naval branch of the service, I have the highest satttfactioo in ■wuriog your Excellency that I have, throughout this, as well as every other occasion, experienced the most zealous, cardial, and able ■Dpport from Sir Jaairs Yeo. It ■will bo for him (o do justice lo the meriti of those under bis commandi but I may nevertheless be permit- ted 10 observe, that nothing could exceed the coolnesi and galiantr)- in action, or the unwearied eiLer- lions on shore, of the captains, officers, and crews of the whole Mjuadron. J enclose a memorandum of the captured articles that have been brought away, in which your excellency will perceive with satis- faction seven heavy guns, that were intended for the enemy's new ship. Three thirty-two pounders were sunk by the enemy in the riter, as well as a large quantity of cordage and oiher naval stores. I'he ions 10 them, therefore, has been very great j and I am sanguine in Ix-lieving, that by this blow ibey have been deprived ot the means of complrting the armament, and particularly ihe equipment of the jarpe man of war, an object of the greatest imjioMance. Every object of the expedition having been effected, and the cap- tured storei ei Kingston, July 10, ltl'4. Sir, — I have the honoul^ Id transmit herewith a copy of Migor Greneral Riall's official report on the subject of the landing of the enenif between Chippawa and Fort JBrie on the 3d instant, and of theaii|qr geherars attack upon their positibki on the 5th. It is highly satisfactory to ob- serve that the gallantry and stea- diness of British soldiers was con- spicuous throughout the condor of every individual engaged ; taid that the second regiment of Lin- coln militia, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Dickson^ which composed part of the ad- vance under Lieutenant Colonel Pearson, equally distinguished themselves, although their brsre and vigorous efibrts proved un- availing against the prodigioas m* periority, in point of numben, which the enemy possessed, and which induced the major-general to withdraw his small force to the position at Chippawa. I have the honour to be, &c. Gordon Dbummomo, Lieutenant-General commanding. His excellency Sir George Prevost, Bart, Chippawa, July 6. Sir,— I have the honour to in* form you, that the enemy effected a landing on the morning of the 3d inst. at the Ferry, opposite Black Rock, having driven in the piqoet of the garrison of Fort Erie. I was made acquainted with this circom- stanoe sop ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. itiBce riiout eight in the morning, on our right flank in the wood*, ■od gave orden for the immediate The troops mov(.d in three co- adnnce to Chippawa of fivecom- lunini, the third (the King's re- MBin of the Bnyt] Soou uodcr gimeni) being in advance. The XlMtenant Colonel Gordon, to sncmj had takrn up a position ■eioforce the gtrriion of that with bis right reeling on mne niaOB. Lientenant Colonel Peanon buildingi and orchards, dose on -ud moved forward from theoce the river Niagara, and stronglj with the flatik companiei of the lupporied by artillery ; hi< left to- lootfai *ome mitiiia, and a few warda the wood, having a cocii- IndUoi, to reconooiire their posi' derable body of riflemen and la- tion aad numben : he found them dians in front of it. potted on the ridge jKirallel with Our Indiana and miUiia were the river, near the ferrj, and in ahortly engaged with the encmj'a itrcHig force. I received informa- nfl«men and Indiana, who at fint tioa from Ufljor Buck, that thej checked their advance, but the bad aUo landed a considerable light troops being brought to ihek itircfl above Fort Erie. In conae- lopport, they succerded, after a qoence of the king'i regiment, aha rp contest, in dinlodging them, -Vhich I bad every reason to expect in a Tery bandsotne --tyle. I plaoid the day before firom York, not two light 14 pounders, and a fiv* having arrived, I was prevented and a half incli howitzer, agaioit from making an attack that night, the right of the enemy's poution, Tlie following morning, the 4th, and formed the Royal Scots and a bodyof their troop* were report- the loolh icglmeni, with ibe in- ed to be advancing by the river ) I tcntion of makiiig a naoveinent moved to reconnoitre, and found upon his left, which deployed with them to be in considerable force, the greatest regularity, and opeoed with cavalry and artUlery, and a a ver^ heavy Are. large body of riflemen. Lieute- I immediately moved up ib« Iiant-CoJonel Pearson was In ad- King's regimeut to the right, while vance during this reconooissance tbe Royai Scots and looth regi- witb the light company of the ment were directed to charge tbft Royal Scots, and the Hank com- enemy in front, for wiiich tbey panyof the looth, and a few of advanced witb the greatest i;allaa- tbe 19th light dragoons, four of try, under a most destructive 6r», whom, and eight bor«es, were I am sorry to say, however, in thii wounded in a skirmish with the attempt they suffered so severely, enemy's riflemen. that I was obliged to withdraw Having been joined by the them, finding their further effort! king's regimcnE on the rooming of against the superior number of tbe the 5th, I made my dispositions enemy would be unavuiimg. fat attack at four o'clocR in the Lieu ten ant -Colonel Gordon and afternoon. The light companies Lieutenant-Colonel the Afarquisof of the Royal Scotsand looth regi- Tweedale, commanding these le- mcDt, with tbe id IJncola mill- gimcnta, being wounded, as wmt tia, formed the advance under most of the officers beloogit^ ts Lieutenant-Cblonet Peanoa. The each, I directed a retreat to b« Indian warriors veie Chroughoot made upon Chippawa, which «• APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. SOI conducted with good order and re- gularity, covered by (he King'i regimeiK, under Major Evans, and the light imops under Lientmant- Colonel Pcatson; and I have plea- ■ure ii> saving, that not a single Eriso'irr feil into the enemy's aivl', excrpt those who were dis- abled trom wounds. From the report of some prison- ers we have made, the enemy's force amounted to about six thou- nnd men, wiih a very numerous Inin of artillery, having been aug- nmited by a very large body of troDpi, which moved down from Fort Erit; immediately belore the commencement of ihe action. Our own force, in regular troops, a- mounied loabout fifteen hundred*' cxclufive of the militia and In- dian*, of which Fast description there were not above three hun- dred. Rirt Erie, I andersland, vaTTcndered upon capitalai'ion on the 3d inat. Although the affair wai not at- tended with the success which I 'had hnped for, it will be highly gMtifying Tted (on ihe riFer) by a party of »rmed Karaen, under Captain Dobb*, Royal Navy. The object of lbi!i (Tiovrmitnt wu to disperge or capture a body of the enemy wbtcl) "a» encamped at Lewiiton. Some iina>oid3ble delay having occurred in the march of the troop* up the right bank, the eoemy l>ad moved off previdni to Lieutenant Colonel Tucket's ar- rival I have to exprcM niyielf laiisfied with the eKertiooi of that officer. Having Tcfreihed the troops at Qneeiuton, and having brought Bcrou the 4111, Royals, and In- diana, I Rc-nt back the 41SC and looih rrgimenti to form the ^r- riions o< (be Forti George, Mi«- riisaga, and Niagara, under Lieut.- Colonel TuiJier, and moved, with the Sqth, and detachments of the Royali and King'*, and light com- pany of the 4 1 st, in all about 800 tnen, to join Major General Riall'a division at the Palls. When arrived within a few miles of that position, I met a report from Major General Riall, that the enemy was advancing iu great force. 1 immedlareiy pushed 00, and joined the head of Licut,- Colonel Morrison's column, just ■• it reached the road leading to- . vards the Beaver Dam over the •nmmit of the bill at Luudy'g- hoe. Instead of the whtlle of Major General Biall's division, which I expected to have found eccnpylng this position, I found it almost in tbe occupation of the enemy , wbo*e cnlunuu were within too jrardi of tbe lop of the bill. Kid tiw iurroundirg wood* filled with hii light troops. The ad- vance of Major General Rialt's divbion, consisting of the Glen- garry Light Infantry, and Incor- porated MHitia, liavingcommeDced their retreat upon Fort George, I countermanded these corps, and formed the 89th regiment and the Boyal Scots dciachmentj, aud4itt light companies, in Ihe rear of tlw hill, their left resting on the great road; my two twenty-four pouuder brass field guns a little advanced in front of the centre on the summit of tbe hill ; ihcGlengarry Light Infaotry on the right, the battalion of Incorporated Militia, and the detachment of the King'* Regiment on the left of the groat road; the squadron 19th Light Dragoons in the rear of the left oQ the road. I had scarcely com- pleted this formation, when tbe whole front was warmly and closely engaged. The enetily's principal efforts were directed againiit our leA and centre. After repeated attacks, the troops on the left were partially forced back, and the enemy gained a mcxnen- tary pouessibn of the road. Thij gave him, however, no material advantage, as the troops which had been forced back formed in rear of the 89th regiment, fronting the road, and securing (he flank. It was during this short interval (hat Major General Riall, having r^ ceived a aevere wound, was inter- cepted as he was passing to (he rear, by a party of the enemy's cavalry, and made prisoner. la the centre, the repeated and deles^ mined attacks of tbe enemy mra met by the SQth regiment, tbe detachments of the Royals asd King's/ and tbe light coomeiiy 41U regiment, twilb the Oiort pelw feot APPENDIX TP CHRONICLE. 995 feci steadiness and intrepid gal* hotiyt and die enemy was con- fUioUy repulsed with very heavy loss. In so determined a manner were these attacks directed against oar guns, that our artillecyroen were bayonneted by the enemy in the act of loading, and the muzzles of the enemy's guns were ad- vanced within a few yards of our's. The darkness of the night, during this extraordinary conflict, occa- sioned several unconunon inci- dents« oar troops having for a moment been pushed back, some of oar guns remained for a few minutes in the enemy's hands; they were, however, not only quickly recovered, but the two pieces, a six- pounder and a five and an half inch howitzer, which the enemy had brought up, were captuvcd by us, together with se- veral tumbrils ; and in limbering up our guns at one period, one of the enemy's six pounders was put, by mistake, upon a limber of our's, and one of our six-pounders lim- bered on one of his ; by which means the pieces were exchanged; and thus, though we captured two of his guns, yet, as he obtained one of our*s, we have gained only one gun. About nine o'clock (the action having commenced at six) there was a short intermission of firing, during which it appears the enemy was employed in bringing up the whole of his remaining force, and lie abortly afterwards renewed his itUick with fresh troops, but was fery where repulsed with equal allantry and success. About this oriod the remainder of Major- eoeral Riall's division, which «1 been ordered to retire on the vanoe of the enemy, consisting of the 103d regiment, under Od Scott; the bead-quarter difidon of the Royal Scots ; the hea4* quarter division of the 8th or King's ; fiank companies iQ4lh ; . some detachments of militia, undier Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton, In- specting Field- Officer, joined the troops engaged ; and I placed them in a second line, with thft exception of the Royal Scots, and' flank companies 104th, with whidi I prolonged my front line on the right, where I was apprehensive of the enemy's out-6anking me. The enemy's efforts to carry the hill were continued until about mU* night, when he had suffered ao severely from the superior steadi- ness and discipline of his Majesty'a troops, that he gave up the con- test, and re.treated with great pre- cipitation to bis camp bryond the Cbippawa. On the following day he abandoned his camp, threw the' greatest part of his baggage, camp- equipage, and provisions into the Rapids; and having set fire to Street's Mills and destroyed the bridge at Cbippawa, continued hb retreat in great disorder towards Fort Erie. My light troops, ca- valry, and Indians, are detached in pursuit, and to harass his re* treat, which I doubt not he will continue until he reaches his own shore. The loss sustained by the enemy in this severe action cannot be es- timated at less than fifteen hun- dred men, including several hun- dreds of prisoners left in oar hands ; his two commanding Ge- nerals, Brown and Scott, are said to be wounded ; bis whole force, which has never been rated at lest than five thousand, having beea engaged. Enclosed I have tjttt honour 205' ANNUAL RECStS^tER, 1814. honour to transmit a return of our loss, which has been very consi- derable. The number of troops under my command did noi for the first three hcnrs exceed sixteen hundred men ; the addition of the troops under Colonel Scott did not increase it to more than two thousand eight hundred of every description. A very difficult but at the same time a most gratifying duty re- mains, that of endeavouring to do justice to the merits of the officers and soldiers by whose valour and discipline this important success has been obtained. I was very early in the action deprived of the services of Major General Riall, who, I regret to learn, has suffered the amputation of his arm in the enemy's possession ; liis bravery, zeal, and activity have always been conspicuous. To Lieutenant Colonel Harvey, peputy-Adjutant-Gcneral, I am so of the King's regiment (Provintiul Lieutenant Colonel), has attained a highly respectable degree of db- cipltne. in the reiterated and determined attacks wbicb the enemy made' on our centre, for the purpose of gaining APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 207 gaining, ;H o&ce^ the crest of the position, and our guns, the steadi- ness and intrepidity displayed by the troops allotted for the defence of that post , were never surpassed : they consisted of the second bat- talion of the 89th regiment, com- manded by Lieutenant Colonel Morrison, and after the Lieutenant Colonel had been obliged to retire from the field, by a severe wound, by Major Clifford; a detachment of the Royal Scots, under Lieut. Hemphill, and after he was killed, Lieutenant Fraser ; detachment of the 8tb, (or King's), under Cap^ tain Campbell : light company 41st regiment, under Captain Glew ; with some detachments of tnilitia, under Lieutenant Colonel Parry, 103d regiment ; these troops repeatedly, w1>cd hard pressed, formed round the colours of the 89th regiment, and inva« riabl^ repulsed the desperate efforts xnade against them. Go the right the steadiness and good counte- naoce of the ist battalion Royal Scot8> under Lieut.-Col. Gordon, in some very trying moments, ex- cited my admiration. '1 he King's rrgiment (1st battalion), under IVfajor £vans, behaved with equal gallantry and firmness, as did the light company of the Royals, de- tached under Captain Stewart, the grenadiers of the 103d, detached tinder Captain Browne, and the ^ank companies of the jo4th, tinder Captain L^eonard : the Gleu- S»rry light infantry under Lieut .- Oolonel Batters by, displayed most '^aioable qualities as light troops ; Colonel Scott, Major Smelt, and t^iie officers of tl^e 103d, deserve pcedit for their exertions in rally-. ingi that regiment, after it had ;n thrown into momentary dis- order j Lieutenant Cdonel Pearson; Inspecting Field-Officcr, directed the advance with great intelli^ gence; and Lieut.-Col. Drurn^ mond, of the 104th, having gone forward with my permission early in the day, made himself actively useful in difiereut parts of the field, under my direction : these otficers are entitled to my best thanks, as is Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton, Inspecting Field-Offiv cer, for his exeitions after his ar- rival with the troops under Coh Scott : the field artillery, so long as there was light, was well served: The credit of its efficient stat^ is due to Capt. Mackonachie, whq has had charge of it since hia arrival with this division. Capt* M'Lauchbn, who has charge of the batteries at Fort Mississager^ volunteered his services in the field on this occasion ; he was severely wounded. Lieut. Tom- kins deserves much credit, for the way in which the two brass 34- pounders, of which he had charge, were served ; as does Serjeant Austin, of the rocket company, who directed the Congreve rockets, which did much execution. The zeal, loyalty, and bravery with whidi the militia of this part of the province have come forward- to co-operate with his Majesty's troops in the expulsion of the enemy, and their conspicuous gal- lantry in this, and in the action of the 4th instant, claim my warmest thanks. I cannot conclude this dispatch without .recommending, in the strongest terms, the following officers, whose conduct during the late operations has called for marked approbation 3 and I am indticed to hope that your £xcel- lency SOS ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. lency will be pleased to submit their names for promotion to the iiiost favoarable considetation of bis Royal Highness the Prince Regent, viz. Captain Jervois, my Aide-dc-Camp ; Captain Robin- son, 8th (King's) regiment, (Pro- vincial Lieut.-Col.) commanding the incorporated militia; Captain Eliot, Deputy Assistant Quarter- Master-Gieneral ; Captain Holland, Aide-de-Camp to Major General Riall; and Captain Glew, 41st regiment. This dispatch will be delivered to yon by Captain Jervois, my Aide-de-Camp, who is fully com- p^ent to give your Excellency every farther information you may tequire. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) G. Dhummond, Lient-Gen. Return of ike Killed^ Wounded^ and Missing, and taken Prisoners of the Eight Division of the jCrmy in Vpper Canada, under the command of Lieuienant'Generai Drummond, in action, vnth the enemy wear the FaUs of Niagara, a^th Jsify, (jeneral Total-~i captain, 3 sub- alterns, I deputy assistant-adju- taut-general, 4 Serjeants, 75 rank and file, killed j i lieutenant- general, I major-general, j in- specting field o&cer, i deputy as- sistant quarter-master-general, 2 lieutenant-colonels, 2 majors^ 8 captains, 15 subalterns, 31 Ser- jeants, 5 drummers, 482 rank and file, wounded } i captain, 3 sub- alterns, 3 quarter-^masters, 1 1 Ser- jeants, 5 drummers, 171 rank and file txntmgj i aide-de-camp, 4 captains, 4 subalterns, 1 quarter- master, 4 aeijeants^ aS rank and Ic, prisoners 3 14 horses killed. 14 horses wounded, is horses missing : total killed, 84 ; total wounded, 559$ total missing, 1931 total prisoners, 42. — ^Total 878. COLONIAL DBPAKTMBNT. Douming'Street Oct, iO| 1814. A dispatch, of which the follow* ingis a copy, addressed to Earl Ba- thurst, one of his Majesty's Prin« cipal Secretaries of State, was jres* terday received from Lteot.-Gen. Sir George Prevost, Bart. :— • Head^quarters, Montreal, Jug. 27. My Lord,— The successful re- sult of the gallant enterprise against the enemy*8 small vessels lying oflp Fort Erie, as detailed in the enclosed extract of a dispatch^ from Lieut.-General Ih'ummofid, having encouraged the expectation that a favourable period had ar- rived for attacking the enemy in their entrenchments, the Lient.- General was induced to order an assault upon Fort Erie, and the works connected with it, befixe the break of day on the i5tli instant. It is with deep concern I have now to acqtiainc your Lordship, that notwithstanding there waa the fairest prospect of soccesa at the commencement of the attack, our troops were afterwards obligei to retire witbqot accompliabiag their object, and with*v«:iy oop^ aiderable Jon. To Lieutenant General mond*8 official report on this ject (a copy of which I liave tlM honour of intamMo^p I APPEiSfDiX TO XJHRONICLfe. i»9 leave to refer your Lordship for the cao^es of our failure. It is^ however, highly satisfactory to Ibdow^ that until the unfortunate explosion took place, and utitil hit Majesty's troops, by their near approach to the abbattis in^front of the eotrenchments, met such difficulties in penetrating as were found to be insurmountable with- out the aid of light, they behaved with their usual gallantry and dis- cipline, and had gained, by their determined efforts, advantages which accident alone appears to have conapelled them to forego. By accounts from Ltcut.-Gen. I>rummond to the i8th instant, I £nd he has since the 15 th been joined by the Sad regiment, and that the 6th was on its way to,' and would probably be with the right divifioD by this time, together with other retuforceorents which are pffooeeding thither. 1 have the honour, &c. Gborgb Pr&vost. Earl Batburst, &c. a Extract of a letter from Lieut.- - General Drummond to his £x- ceUency Sir George Prevost, Bart dated Camp before Fort Erie, August 13, 1814. I have great satisfoction in ac- qoaintiog your Excellency with the capture of two of the three armed schooners which were an- (dbored off Fort Erie, and which vibsf much annoyed our left flank. Ihidi enterprise was executed in a Tfin^gaHantstile by Captain Qobbs, aod a party of about 70 seamen and marines, who embarked last nfght in six batteaux, which I had cfliiied to be carried across to Lake Brie for that purpo<;e. jg'L have this morning opened the Vm. LVL fire of the battery on Fort Eriei and though the distance is fbupd to be great, yet I hope a tnffi- cient eSect will be produced. Qimp before Fort EHe, August 15, 1 8 14. Sir, — Having reason to believa that a sufficient impression had been produced on the works df the enemy's fort, by the fire of Ibd battery which I had opened (A tt on the morning of the 13 th, and by which the stone building had been much injured, and the g^ neral outline of the parapet aod embrasures very much altered^ I determined on assaulting the place) and accordingly made the neoet^ sary arrangements for attacking- it» by a heavy column directed to the intrenchments on the^ side of Snake-hill, and by two coluraaa to advance from the battery, and assault the fort and intrenchmenta on this side. The troops, destined to attack bj^ Snake-hill, (which consisted of tluS King*s reginoent and that of De Watteville*s, with the flank conoA panics of the 89th and looth regi^ ments, under Lieutenant Golooel Fischer, of ^ the regiment De Watteville), \narched at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon, in order to gain the vicinity of the point of attack in sufficient time. It is with the deepest regret I have to report the faihire of both attacks, which were made two hours before daylight this morn- ing. A copy of Lieut. -Colonel Fischer's report, herewith enclosed^ will enable your Excellency to form a tolerably correct judgment of the cause of the failure of that attack. Had the bead of the oo» lumn * (which had entered the P place 210 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. place without ditHcutty or oppo- out the ■ition) been (upported, the enemjr tuiut have fled from his work;, (which were all taken, as wai contemplated in the inslnicllons, in reverse,) or have surrendered. The attack on the fort and in- treDchmeots leading from it lo tlie Ijlke was made at the same mo- ment by two columns i one under Lieut.- Colonel Drummond, 104th regiment, consisting of the flank companies 41st and 104th regi- ments, and a body of seamen and marines mider Captain Dobbs, of the royal navy, on the fortj ibe other, under Colonel Scott, 103d, collating of the 103d regiroeui, supported by two companies of the royals, was destined to attack the eotrenchments. These columns advanced lo the attack, as soon as the firing upon Colonel Fischer's column was beard, and succeeded, after a desperate resistance, in making a lodgment in the fort tbrou^ the embrazures of the demi-bastion, the guns of which the^ had actually turned against the enemy, who still maintained the stone building, when most unfortunately some ammunition, which had been been placed under the platform, caught fire from the firing of the guns to the rear, and a mcHt tremendous explosion fol- lowed, by which almost all the troops which had entered the place were dreadfully mangled. Panic was instantly communicated to the troops (who could not be persuaded that the explosiou was accidental), and the enemy, at the ume time pressing forward, and comnienciog a heavy fire of mus- ketry, the fort vas abandoned, and oar trows retreated towards ibebaUai7. IlniiMdiatdjpisbed battalion Royals, lo support and cover the retreat, a service which that valuable corps executed with great s'.cadtncss. Our loss has been very severe in killed and wounded : and I am sorry to add that almost all those returned " missing," may be con- sidered as U'ounded or killed by the explosion, and left in ilie hands of the enemy. The failure of these most im- portant attacks has been occasioned by circumstances which may be considered as almost justifying the momentary panic which they pro- duced, and which introduced a degree of confusion into the co- lumns wfaicb, in the darkness of the night, the utmost exertions of the officers were incfl'cctual in re- moving. The officers appear iovatiably to have behaved with the most perfect coolness and bravery ; ax could any thing exceed the stea- diness and order with which the advince of Lieut.-Col. Fischer's brigade was made, until emerging from a thick wood, it ioMud itseh' suddenly stopped by an abbatti<, and within a bcavy fire of musket- ry and guns from behind a for- midable intrencbment. With re- gard to the centre and left columns, under Colonel Scott, and Lieui.- Colonel Drummond, the perse* vering gallantry of both officers and men, until the unfbnunaie explosion, could not be surpassed. Colonel Scott, 103d, and Lieul.- Colonel Drummond, io4ih, regi- ments, who commanded the centre and left attacks, were nofottu- astely killed; aiid your Excel- lency will perceive that almost every officer of those columns WM «thn killed or wouodad by .■V. Al>PENDIX TO CHRONtCLE. Sll the enemy's fire, or by the ex- plosion. My thanks are due to the under- roeotioned oificers, viz. to Lieute- nant Colonel Fischer, who com- manded the right attack ; to Major Coore, Aide de Camp to your Ex- cellency, who accompanied that column ; Major Evans, of the King's, commanding the advance; Major Villatte, De Watteville's ; Captain Basden, light company 89th 'f Lieutenant Murray, light company looth ; I also beg to add the name of Captain Powell, of the Glengarry light infantry, employed on tl'e staff" as deputy assistant in the quarter master general's de- partment, who conducted Lieut. Colonel Fischer's column, and first entered the enemy's intiench- roents, and by his coolness andgak lantry particularly distinguished himself; Major Villatte, of De Watteville's regiment, who led the column of attack and entered the intrenchments } as did Lieutenant Young, of the King's regiment, with about fifty men of the light coropaiiies of the Kings and De Watteville's regiments ; Captain Powell reports, that Serjeant Pow- ell, of the 19th dragoons, who was perfectly acquainted with the ground, volunteered to act as guide, and preceded the leading subdivi- sion in the most intrepid style, — In the centre and left columns, the exertions of Major Smelt, .103d regiment, who succeeded to the command of the left column, on the death of Colonel Scott ; Cap- tains Leonard and Shore, of the 104th flank companies; Captains Glew, Bullock, and O'Keefe, 41st flank companies ; Captain Dobbs, foyal navy, commanding a party of volunteer seamen and marines, are entitled to my acknowledgments, (they are all wounded). Nor can I omit mentioning, in the strongest terms of approbation, the active, zealous, and useful exertions of Captain Elliot, of the 103d regi- ment, deputy assistant quarter mas- ter general, who was unfortunately wounded and taken prisoner ; and Captain Barney, of the 89th regi- ment, who had volunteered bit services as a temporary assistant in' the engineer department, conduct* ed the centre column to the attack^ in which he received two danger-' ous wounds. To Major Phillot, commanding royal artillery, and Captain Sabine^ ' who commanded the battery' at well as the field guns, and to the officers and men of that valuable branch of the service, serving un- der them, I am to express my eo«» tire approbation of their skill and exertions. Lieutenant Charlton, royal artillery, entered the fort with the centre column, fired se- veral rounds upon the enemy from his own guns, and was wounded by' theexplosion. The ability and ex^' ertions of Lieutenant Philpot, royal engineers, and the officers and men of that department, claim my best acknowledgments. To Lieutenant Colonel Tucker, who commanded the reserve, and to Lieutenant Colonel Pearson, In-* specting Field Officer, and Lieute- nant Colonel Battersby, Glengarry Hght infantry, and Captain Walk*, er, incorporated militia, I am greatly indebted for their active and unremitted attention to the security of the outposts. To the Deputy Adjutant GeneJ ral, and Deputy Quarter Ma«tf4r General, Lieutenant Cok)nel Har- vey, and I ^ientenant Colonel Myers, P 2 aixd 913 ANNUAL REGISTER, I8i-1. aad to ihe officers of llidr depart- menU mpectivelj, as well as to Captain Fostfr, my miliiarv secre* tary, anH llie officers of my perso- nal staS', I am under ibe greuteit obligations for liie assistance they hilve aJFonlrd me. My acknow- Itdgmeats are diK la Captain D'Aiton, of ihe goth regiment, Brigade Major to the right divi«ion; b;u1 Io Lieutenant Qoloncl Nicliul, Quarter Master General ol militia. tjhe exertions of Deputy Commis- •ary General Turqnaiid, and the cifficers of that dc|'aitmenl, for the supply of the troops ; and the care ami attention of Staff Surgeon O'Maly, and the medical Officers with the division, to tbe sick and vounded, also claim my thanks. . Ihave the honour, to be, &c. Gordon Drumhona. Lieutenant General. His Excellency Sii George Frcvoit, Bart. &c. port loyou, for the information of lieutenant General Druinmond, Ibat, in compliance with the in- structions I receivtd, the biigade qnder my commnnd, consisting of (he 8th, ana De Wattevillcsi regi- ipent, the light companies of the 89th ai>d iootb,\*ilb a detachment of artillery, attacked ibis morning at two ifclock the position of the enemy on Snake-hill, anj to my great concern ^iled in its attempt. The flank companies of the bri- gade, who were furroed under the ca'dera fi Major Evans, of the King's regiment, for Um purpose of turning the position between Snake-bUl and the Lake, met with a cbeck atlbeabb^tiis, which wm found impcncltiibli^ aad was pre- vented by it, to support Major De Villalte, of De WatteviUe's, and Captain Powell, of the Quarter Master General's depaitment, who, actually with a few men, had turn- ed the enemy's battery. The column of support, consist- ing of the remainder of De Watte- viUe's and the King's regiment, forming the reserve, in marching too ne»r the Lake, found tbvn- sclves entangled between the rocks and the water, and by the retreat ofiheflank companies, were thrown into such confiision, as to render it impossible to giie them any kind of formation during the darkness of the night, at which time they were expoied to a most galling fire of the enemy's battery, and the nu- merous parties in the abbatlis; and 1 am perfectly convinced, that the prfat number of missing are men killed, or severely grounded, at that time, when it was impossible to give them any a^sistasce. After day break, the trcops formed and retired to the camp. 1 enclose a return of casualties. I have the honour, &c. (Signed) J. F.scHUR, Lieut. Col. De Wattevillcs Kegiment. Selarn '.f KUUi}, Wwndci, and Mmirig, of ihe Right Dndjioa, in the Assault 'if Fori Erie, tie l<,thnj August', 1814. Tofa/.— Killed,— 2 Jieutcnant- ctdooels, I captain, 1 lieutenant, i Serjeant, i drummer, 51 rank and file. Wounded — i deputjr anittant quarter matter geceral, i major, 8 captains, 1 1 lieaienanti, 1 eanffB, t mailer^ u lesmen, 10 aeiieaoii, 3 drummen, 350 nnk and mA Misting— APPENDIX TO GHRONICLfe. 213 Misitng — I deputy assifttadt quar- ter master general, i captain, 3 lieutenants, 2 ensigns, i midship- mah, 1 adjutnnl,7 seamen, 41 Ser- jeants, 3 drummers, 479 rank and tile. COLONIAL DEPARTMENT. Dotx/?! I ng -street, Nov. 26. A dispatch, of ahich the follow- ing is a copy, has been received from Lieutenant Gen. Sir George Prevost, Bart, addressed to Eail Bat burst, one of bis Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State : — Ileail Quarters, Plattsburgh, State of New York, September 11. My Lord, — Upon the arrivaJ of the reinforcements from the Ga- ronne', I lost no time in assembling three brigades on the frontier of Lower Canada, extending from the river Richelieu to the St, Lawrence ^ and in forming them into a division^ under the command of Major Ge- neral De Rottenburgh, for the pur- pose of carrying into effect his Royal Highness the Prince Re- gent^s commands, which had been coDVcyed to me by your Lordship, in your dispatch of the 3d of June last. As the troops concentrated and approached the line of separa- tion between this Province and the United States, the American army abandoned its entrenched camp on the river Cbazy, at Chaplain ; a position I immediately seized, and occupied in force on the 3d iust. The following day the whole of the left division advanced to the vil- lage of Chazy, without meeting the least opposition from the en^m^. On the 5th it baked #ithin eight miles of this place, having sur- mounted the difficulties created by the obstructions in the road, frorti the felling of trees, and the re- moval oi bridges. The next day the division moved upon Platts* burgh, in two columns, on paral- lei roads J the right column led by Major General Powers's brigade, supported by four companies of light infantry, and a demi-brigade« under Major Gen. Robinson ; the left by Major Genefal Brisbane's brigade. The enemy's militia, supported by his regulars, attempt- ed to impede the advance of the right column, but were driven be- fore it from all their positions, and the column entered Piattsburg.-^ This rapid movement having re- versed the strong position taken up by the ebemy at Dead Creek, it was precipitately abandoned by him, and his eun boats alone left to defend the lord, and to prevent our restoring the bridges, which had been imperfectly destroyed, ail inconvenience soon surmounted.-^ Here I found the enemy in the oc- cnpation of an elevated ridge of land on the south branch of the Saranac, crowned with 3 strong^ redoubts and other field works, and block houses armed wit)i h^avy ordnance, with Xheir flotilla (the Saratoga, 26 guns 3 Surprise, 20 gunsi Thunderer, 16 guns; Pre. ble, 7 guns; 10 gun boats, 14 gnns) at anchor out of gun-shot from the shore, consisting of a ship, a brig, a schooner, a sloop, and 1 6 gun boats. I immediately com- municated the circumstance to Cap- tain Downie, who had been re- cently appointed to command \ht YCbsvIs on Lake Champlain, con- sistu «;; 21* ANNUAL REGISTER. 1814. .tilting of a ahip, a brig, s iloojn and [3 gUQ boats, (the ConGaoce 36gunsj Linnet, i8 gum i Broke, lOguns; Shannon, lo guns; 12 ■gun boats, 16 guns), and request- ed his co-operation ; and in (he mean lime batteries were con- ■Iructed for the guns brought from the rear. ' On the morniug of the i itb, oui ^tilla was seen over the Isthmus vbich joins Cumberland-head with the main land, steering foi Plaiis- purg Bay. I immedialely ordered that parr of the brigade, under Major General RobinEon, which liid been brought forward, con- •iiling of four light infantry com- ' panies, 3d battalion 171b, and 76th regiments ; and Major General Powers's brigade, consisting of the 3d, 5lh, ist battalion 27th, and 58th regiments, to force the ford pf the Saranac, and advance, pro- vided with scaling ladders, to es- calade the enemy's works upon the hdghts ; this force was placed un- vith a VI of which the w« ^ f ^m J !/g«s« J"' ^ j^^nonr ^--^^/of S .wch ^tuc. ^,a, ^ ryou't-J^•^^^ the notnber oi . water, a rotntnunicate lo j ^^ ^nst. £ >«*''"" ,do»s of the boat, to «,m ^^ f the^4 ^^ ^ v«ve to regret the '°' 1,0 wa«^»^^- t^^ defeating ^^* wdav. the ed a few '»'°"-fte assistance 1 re- ^" ^nder tny^5°'""f the city of «rmta»ted^JjMocWe.the^n- ^J^ook possession ot ceived from vit- . ^j, ClarK, ^ Kington. . , v.,ween Sir S. »°l.SrS"'^*'r^rof U %« determ»te^,*relf. .0 dis- master's n»ate, ^ ^^^^ VaUer ot Cochrane and my .^, of S^''»'^^'*"'^'T«iS"'^*'ir^''re. ^tnharicthe ^^mX-y^tf^^ ^horo waswoon ^^i„, j ^^^re ^^^^^^ "^.uTbe intention of co- Mr.Guy.my "« ' ^\astbev>rhoie „ ent,w«h 1?" J^jroiridCocV- co««« figratefoWy^*''"""" ^^.e Paiu^ent, .^^ '^'^^^'defeated tfc ever hereafter beg t^^^^ ^^^ V".„T and destroying J bered- . ^^ leave to transmit W,^"^S »"^ „ced to wtib ^f^^^turnSiUed and wound- ^^^^^^ Havmgf ;^,,hington. a. voo the return ^^ les ot % ^^ ^^^i ■*<*' •"'^The honour to be. &c. ascertaining thefor^ ^^^^ ^^r5i6i> PaiNG, ,0 be »«<^Vr,min<' h-s capita ^ Captain. „cmpt at earry»"- ^ ^^ ,.,ofb«Maj«'>'**^"^ determined to m*Ve It, an .^ APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 219 ingly put the troops la movement on the evening of the 23CL A corps of about 1 200 men appeared to oppose us^ but retired after firing a few fcbots. On tlie 24th the troops resumed their march^ and reached filadensberg^ a village^ si- tuated on the left bonk of the east- ern branch of the Potowmac, about five miles from Washington. On the opposite side of that river the enemy was discovered strongly posted on very command* ing heights^ formed in two lines, bis advance occupying a fortified liouse, which, with artillery, cover- ed the bridge over the eastern branch, across which the British troops had to pass. A broad and straight road, leading from the bridge to Washington, ran through the enemy's position, which was carefully defended by artillery and riflemen. The disposition for the attack being made, it was commenced with so much impetuosity by the light brigade, consisting of the 85th light infantry and the light infan- try companies of the army, under the command of Colonel Thorn- ton, that the fortified house was shortly carried, the enemy retiring to the higher grounds. In support of the light brigade I ordered up a brigade under tbe command of Colonel Brooke, who, with tbe 44th regiment, attacked ^e enemy's left, the 4th regiment pressing hb right with such efifect as to cause him to abandon his guns. His first line giving way, was driven on the second, which, yielding to the irresistible attack of the bayonet, and the well di- rected discharge of rockets, got into confusion and fled, leaving the British masters of the field. The rapid flight of tbe enemy, and his knowledge of the country, pte- eluded the* possibility of many prisoners being taken, more par- ticularly as tbe troops had, dur- ing the day, undergone consider* able fatigue. The enemy's army, amoundfifp to 8 or 9000 men, with 3 or 400 cavalry, was under the comooand of General Winder, being fornaed of troops drawn from Baltimore and Pennsylvania. His artillerf, ten pieces of which fell into our hands, was commanded 'by Com^ modore Barney, who was wouruiod and taken prisoner. The artiileiy I directed to be destroyed. Having halted the army for f short time, I determined to maidi upon Washington, and reached that city at eight o*cIock that night* Judging it of consequence to CQin<* plete the destruction of the public buildings with the least possible delay, so that the army might re- tire without loss of time, the fol« lowing buildings were set fire to and consumed : — the Capitol, in- cluding the Seunte-house and House of Representation, 1 he arse- nal, the Dock-yard, Treasury, War- ofiSce, President's-palace, Rope- walk, and the great Bridge acrosi the Potowmack : in ihe dock-yard a frigate nearly ready to be launch- ed, and a sloop of war, were con- sumed. The two bridges leading to Washington over the eastern branch had been destroyed by tbe enemy, who apprehended an attack from that quarter. The object of the expedition being accomplished, I determined, before any greater, force of the enemy could l)e as- sembled, to withdraw the troops, and accordingly commenced re- tiring on the night of the 25tb.— 181*- ,^st^^■ utt* ^"^ . _ ,Q* V tito'r ..«^l»**_^^V.eI^•^rt1«^ . <■< r. ^JSSwj^ "'^. >^*"™ APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 221 The- Agent for British Prisoners of War very fortunately residing at Bladcnsberg, I have recommended the wounded officers and men to his particular attention, and trust to his being able to effect their ex- change when sufficiently recovered. Captain Smith, Assistant Adju- tant General to the troops, who will have the honour to deliver this dispatch,! beg leave to recommend to your Lordship's protection, as an officer of much merit and great promise, and capable of aflfording any further information that may be requisite. Sangnine in hoping for the ap- probation of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, and of his Majesty's Government, as to the conduct of the troops under my command, I bavc^the honour to be^ &c. (Signed) Rob. Ross, Major Gen. I beg leave to enclose herewith a retuni of the killed^ wounded, and missing, in the action of the 34th instant, together with a state- ment of the orunance, ammunition, and ordnance stores taken from the enemy between the 19th and 2^th August, and likewise sketches of the scene of action and of the line of march. Return of the Killed^ Wounded, and Missing of the Troops under the Command of Major Gen. Ross, in action with the Enemy, on the 24th August, 1814, on the Heights above Bladensburgh. Total — I captain, 2 licutenanls, g Serjeants, 56 rank and file, 10 horses, killed; 2 lieutenant colo- nels, I major, i captain, 14 lieute- iiants, 2 ensigns, 10 serjeants. 155 rank and file, 8 horses, wounded. Return of Ordnance, Ammunition, and Ordnance Stores tai^nfrom . the Enemy by the Army undtr ike . Command of Major General R, Tioss, between the 19/A and 2S^k August, 181 4. Total amount of cfnoon taken — 206. 500 barrels of powder. 100,000 rounds of musket-bali cartridge. 40 barrels of fine grained pow- der. A large quantity of ammunition of different natures made up. The navy yard and arsenal hav- ing been set on fire by tbe'dneany before they retired, an immense quantity of stores of every descrip-* tion was destroyed, of which no account could be taken ; seven or eight very heavy explosions daring the night denoted that there had been large magazines of powder. (Signed) F. G. J. Williams, Lieutenant Royal Artillery, A. Q. M. N. B. The remains of neap 20,000 stand of arms were disco* vered, which had been destroyed by the enemy. Admiralty-office, Sept.iy, 1814, Captain Wainwright of his Ma- jesty's ship Tonnant, arrived uii% morning at this office with dig- patches from Vice Admiral the Honourable Sir Alexander Coch- rane, K. B. to John Wilson Croker, Esq. of which the following are copies :— Tonnant, in the Patuxent, Sept. 2, 1814. Sir — I have the honour to ac- quaint you, for the information of my l«ords Commissioners of the Admiralty, of the proceedings of his Majesty's combined sea and laud forces sioco my arrival vi\l\> *t.G ,!».' ,*•"" 'S^^^:^S^^^ e^^tf^^S.:?^^ e«V" *«>» " SSgsfS «\l\l ' ;rte»J . EMIj TO*'"" w«*V,„i>wV APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 38a fbrt, aod opening fi free comma- nicaiion above, m well aa to i.'ovef the reireai of the aimy, fbould ill return by the Bladt^nsburg ruad be found too baiardoun frum the ac- cession of sttengih the enemy might ob'aJQ from Baltimore; it wai also reasonable to expect, that the militia from I he country to tlie nortbward and westward would Auck iD, so soon ai it should be knowu til at their capital was threatened. Captain Sir Peter Parker, in the AleiielauB, with some small vrs- sels, was srnt up the Cbesap&ikc above Baltimore, to divert the attention of the enemy in that quarter; and 1 proceeded, with fhe remainder of the naval force nnd the troops, up ihit river, and landed the army upon tbe 19th and 2otb at Benedict. So soon as the necessary provi- sions and stores could be assembled and arranged. Major General Ross, M-ilh his army, moved towards Nottingham, while our llotilla, consisting of the armed launcbea, pinnaces, barges, and other boats of the fleet, under the command of Bear Admiral Cockburn, passed up the river, being instructed to keep upon the right Hank of the army, for the double purpose of supplying it with provisions, and, if iKcessary, lo pass it over to the lefl bank of the river, into Calvert county, which secured a safe re- treat to the ships should it be judg- ed necessary. The army reached Nottingham upon the list, und on the follow- ing day arrived at Marlboroutrh : the ilniilla continued advancing towards the station of Conimodure Barney, about three miles above Pig Point, who, although much luperioriulurce to tlut scut against him, did not wait an attack, bo^ at the appearance of out boats, aot fire to his flotilla, and the whole of his vessels, excepting one, wen blown up. For the particulars of this well- executed service, I most refer tbdr Lordships to Rear Admiral Cock- burn's report. No. I, who, on the same evening, conveyed to me aa' account of bis success, and inlitni-' tion from Major-Gencral Ross, of his intention 10 proceed lo the dtjr of Washington, considering, from the information he had received, that it might be assailed, if doiW wiib alacrity J and in consequeitco had determined to march that evening upon Blailensburg. Tb« remainiog boats of the fleet won ininiediately employed in aonvejrp- ing op the river supplies of provi- sions for the forces upon their «-' turn to Nottingham, agreeably to an arrangement made by the rear admiral, who proceeded on in company with tbe army. The report No. a, of Rear- Admiral Cockburn"s, will infbnn' iheir Lordships of the brilliant suc- cesses of the forces, after their de- parture from Marlborough, where they returned upon the a6th, and having reached Benedict upon tbe aglh, tbe eipedition was embarked in good order. On combined services, sacti as we have been engaged in, it givea me the greatest pleasure to find myself united with so able and experienced nn officer as Major- General Boss, in whom are blended ihose qualities so e'ueniial to pro- mote success, where co-operation between the two services beconmV necessary ; and I have much tl- lisfacliou in noticing ihe unanimi^ thst prevailed between ihe anof and navy, as I bafc alio in slaling 8S4 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. to their Lordnbipt that Major- General Ross has expressed his full approbation of the conduct of the ^fiifi^rs, seamen, and marines act- IDjf with the army. I have before had occasion to ipcak of the unremitting zeal and exertion of Rear-Adm. Cockburn 4i|ring the time he coniroandcd Ui the Chesapeake under my or- ders ; the interest and ability which be has manifested throughout this ilite arduous service justly entitle ^im to my best thanks^ and to the i|cknowledgments of my I/ords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Eear-Admiral Malcolm, upon ^ery occasion, and particularly in bU arrangement for the speedy re- embarkation of tlie troops, rendered. me essential assistance ; and to biin» as well as to Rear Admiral Codrington, captain of the fleet, I aoi indebted for the alacrity and order with which , the laborious tain Ramsay i the whole under the superintendance and immediate maoagemeat of CaptaiQ APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. fiS« Captain Wainwright, of the Ton- luat. Lieutenant James Scott (lit of tlie iUbii^ti) ^lendiog u my aide-ile-camp. I endeavoured to keep with the boMs and tenders as nearly as pot- gible abreast of tike amy uDder Major-General Ross, ibat I might communicate with him as occasion ofiered, according to ibe plan prcviouil^ arranged ; and about mid-day yesterday I accordingly anchored at tiie fcrry-hnuse oppo- tite Lower Marlborough, where I met the general, aod where the army halted fur some hours, after which he marched fur Nottingham, and I prncaeded on for the same place with the bunts. On oar appioacbing that town, afi^wshotj were exchanged between the lead- ing boats and some of the enemy's cavalry ; but the appearance of our itrmy advancing caused tlicm to retire with precipitation. Caplaiiu Nourseand Palmer, of the Severn and Hebrus, joined me this day with iheir boaia, having found it impracticable to get ibeir ships higher than Btnedict. The major -generdt remained with the army at Nottingham, and the boats and tenders continued anchored off it during the night ; and soon alter day-light this niorn- iog, the wbole moved again for* ward ; but the wind blowing dur- ing the mnrning down the river, and the channel being excessiveiy oartow, and the advance of onr tenders consequently slow, 1 judged it advisable to push on with the boats, only leaving the tenders to ibllow as they could. On appioBchiog Fig Point (where ibe enemy's flotilla was fsidtobe), 1 landed ihe mariiiM Vol. LVI. under Captain Rot>7ni ^ tbp Ic^ baok. of the river, and direct^ h^zf^ to tnarcb round and attach, on tl^ land aide, the towp situated oi^ the point, to draw from ui tly attention of such Irnppi as mlgb^ be there for ita defiance, and thjt defence of the flotUla : I thet^ proceeded od with the boala, aqd^ as we opened the reach above ny Point, t plainly disQorercd C modore Barney's broad pendant in the headmost vessel, a large slooiy and the remainder of the £otiUp extending in a long line astern of her. Our boats now advaDced towards them as rapidly as pos^ bie, but on nearing thetn, we ob> served the sloop bearing the bnn^ pendant to be on £re, and she teif soon afterwards blew up, I noy saw clearly (hat they were ■)! abandoned, and on £re, with trains lo iheu" magazines ; and out of the seventeen vessels which composed this formidable and so much vaunts cd flotilla, sixteen were In quick succession blown to atoms, and the seventeenth (in which the Hre bad not lalccn) we captured. The comracdore's sloop was a large armed vessel j the (itberi weie ^m-boats, all having, a long gun m the how, and a carronade in ibe stern ; the calibre of the guns and number of the crew of each difTet- ed in proportion to the size of the boat, varying from 33.ponndeti and sixty nKo to i8-pouodcrs and forty men. I found here, lying above the flotilla, tmdcr its pro- tection, thirteen merchant schooo- ern, some of which not being worth bringing away, I caused lo be burnt ; such as were in good con- dition I directed to he QKyed to Pig Point. Whilst employed i» a taking 6' ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. iiag these vtrsseU, a few shot ere fired at us by some of the ien of the flotlHa from the bushrs n the shore near w j but Lieut. >cottf whom I had landed for that >urpose, soon got hold of them, ind made them prisoners. Some horsemen likewise showed' them- selves on the neighbouring heights, but a rocket or two dispersed them; and Captain Robyns, who hnd got possession of Fig Point without resistance, now spreading his men through the coontry, the t:nemy retreated to a distance, and lefr us in quirt possession of the town, the neighbourhood, and our priztrs. A large quantity of tobn<:co having been found in tl.o town at Pig Point, I have Irft Capr-.iin Robyns, with the marines, and Oflptain Nourse, with two divisions of the boats, to hold the place, and ship the tobacco into the prizes; and f hnve moved back witJi the third division to this point, to enable me to confer on our future operations with the major-general, who has been good enough to send his aide-de-camp to inform me of his yafe arrival, with the army under his command, at Upper Marlborough. In congratulating yuu, Sir, which I do most sincerely, on the com- plete destruction of this Hotilln of the enemy, whiili has lately cx*cu- picd so much of our attention, I must beg to be |'»erniitted to assure you, that the ohtertul and indet'a- tigable exertions on this occasion of Captains Wninwright, Nourse, and Palmer, and of Captain Sulli- van, the other cx^mmaudeis, cfK- cers, and men, in thu boats you have placed under my orders, most justly entitle thrm to my warmest acknowledgments and itty earnest recommend at ion to your favourable- notice. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) G. COCKBURN, Rear- Admiral. Vice- Admiral the Hon. Sir Alexander Cochrane, K. B.&rc. &c. 5ec. &c. Hh Majesty* 5 Sloop Manly ^ off Xoftingham , Patuxent^ 2'jth Aug. 1814. Sir, I have the honour to inform you, th.T iigrecably to live inten- tions f notified to you in my letter o f t lie 22 d i n sta n t , I prc»ceeded by hind on the morning of the 23d to Upper Marlborough, to meet and confer with Major -General Uw's a^ to our further operations against the tnemy j and we were not long in agreeing on the propriety ot' making an imnnediate attempt on the city of Washington. In conformity, therefore, with the wishes of the general, I in- stant! v sent orders for our marine and naval tbrc< s .it Pig Point to be forthwith moved over to Mount Calvert, and fur the marines, marine artillery, and a proportion of the seamen, to h although our troops were almost exhausted with the fatigue of the march they had just made, and but SL small proportion of our little army had yet got up ; this dashing measure was, however, I am happy to add, crowned with the success it merited ; for, in spite of tbe galling fire of the enemy, our troops advanced steadily on both his flanks, and in his front , and as soon as they arrived on even ground with him, he fled in every direc- tion, leaving behind him ten pieces of cannon, and a considerable num- ber of killed ai)d wounded; a- mongst the latter Commodore Barney, and several other ofBcers ; some other prisoners were also taken, tliough not many, owing to the swifmess with which the eoemy went off, and the fatigues our army had previously under- gone. It would. Sir, be deemed. prc~ sumption in me to attempt to give you particular details respecting the nature of this battle ; I shaU tlicrefore only remark geoerally^ that the enemy, eight tbousabd strong, on ground he had chosen as best adapted for him to defend, where he had bad time to erect hit batteries, and concert all his mea- sures, was dislodged as soon aa reached, and a victory gained aver him by a division of the British army, not amounting to more than fifteen hundred men, headed by our gallant general, whose bril- liant achievement of this day it if beyond my power to do justice tO;, and indec^i no possible comment could enhance. The seamen, with the gunsj were, to their great mortificattoOj with the rear division during this short but decisive action; those, however, attached to the rocket brigade, were in the battle, and I remarked with much pleasure the precision with which the rockets were thrown by them, under the direction of First Lieotenant I^w- rence of the marine artillery ; Mr. Jeremiah M'Daniel, masters mate of the Tonnant, a very fine young man, who was attached to this party, being sevei^ely wounded, I beg permission to recommend him to your favourable consideration. The company of marines 1 have on so many occasions had cause to mention to you, commanded by First Lieutenant. Stephens, was also in the action, as were the co- lonial marines, under the tempo- rary command of Captain Reed, of the 6th West India regiment (these companies being attached to the light brigade), and they re- jipecdvely behaved with their ac- customed zeal and bravery. None other. . of! the naval department Q, 2 >w^\^ t38 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. were fbrtunate enough to arrtre lip in time to take their tbare in this battle, excepting Captain Pal- fllier, of the Hebrus, with his aide- de-camp, Mr. Arthur Wakefield, midshipman of that ship, and Lieutenant James Scott, first of the Albion, who acted as my aide- de-camp, and remained wich me daring the whole time. Thie contest being completely ^ ended, and tlie enemy having re- dred from the field, the general gave the army about two hours* rest> when he again moved for- wand on Washington. It was, however, dark before ^e reached the cHy ; and on the genera), my- iclf, and some ofiicers, advancing a short way past the first houses of the town, without being ac- companied by the troops, the enemy opened upon us a heavy fire of musketry firom the capitol and other houses : these were there- ^isre almost immediately stormed by our people, taken possession of, and set on fire, afler which the town submitted without further resistance. The enemy himself, on our en- tering the town, set fire to the navy yard, filled with naval stores, a frigate of the largest class, almost ready for launching, and a sloop of ^ar laying off it, as he also did to the fort which protected the sea approach to Washington. On taking possession of the city, we also set fire to the president's palace, the treasury, and the war- office ; and in the morning Cap- tain Wainwright went with a party to see that the destruction in the navy yard was complete, when he destroyed whatever stores and bad escaped the flames Ing night i a large amfBumion and ord- nance stores were likewise de- stroyed by us in the arsenal, as were about two hundred pieces of artillery of dififerent calibres, as well as a vast quantity of small arms. Two rope walks of a very extensive nature, full of tar rope> &c. situate at a considerable dis- tance fi-om tbe3rard, were likewise set fire to and consumed. In shorty Sir, I do not believe a vestige of public property, or a store of any kind, which could be converted to the use of the government, esca- ped destruction: the bridges across the eastern branch and the Potow- mack were likewise destroyed. This general devastation being completed during the day of the 25th, we marched again at nine that night on our return, by Bla- densburg, to Upper Marlborough. We arrived yesterday evening at the latter without molestation of any sort, indeed, without a single musket having been fired; and this morning we moved on to this place, where I have found his Majesty's sloop Manly, the ten- ders, and the boats, and I have hbbted my flag, protemfore, in the former. The troops will probably march to-morrow, or the next day at farthest, to Benedict, for re- embarkation, and this flotilla will of course join you at the same time. In closing, Sir, my statement to you, of the arduous and high- ly important operations of this last week, I have a most pleas- ing duty to perform, in assuriog you of the good conduct of the of- ficers and men who have been serving under me. I have t>een par- tknilarly indebted, whilst on thb service^ to Captain Wainwright^ of the Toonant, for the assistance lii haa invariably affiitdad sots i sad to Captains APPENIilX TO CHRONICLE. sSd Gaptatns Falmer and Money^ for their exiertioiM doriiig the marcti to 9nd (torn W«sbiDgtoii. To Cap- toin Nottfde, who has commanded the flotilla during my absence^ my acknowledgmeots are also most justly ducj as well as to Captaim i>ullivaci^ Badcock> Somenrille^ Ilamsay« and Bruce, who hav« acted in it under him, Lieutenant James Stott, now first lieutenant of the Albion, ha9 on this occasion rendered nie ea? sential services ; and ^$ I have bad reason so often of late to mention to you the gallant and meritorious conduct of this officer, I trust you will permit me to seize this oppor- tunity of recommending him part ticularly to your favourable notice and consideration. Captain Robyns (the senior ofr fleer of marines with the fleet), who has had, dnring these opera- tions, the marines of the ships united under his orders, has exe- cuted ably and zealously the seve- ral services with which he has been intrusted, and is entitled to my best acknowledgments accordingly; at is also Captain Harrison, of the marine artillery, who, with the oflicers and men attached to him, accompanied the army to and from Washington. Mr. Doble, surgeon of the Mel- pomene, volunteered bis profes- aional services on this occasion, and liendered much assistance to the founded on the field of battle, as well as to many of the men taken iU on t^e line oi march. One colonial marine killed, ope Aiaster*8 mate, two Serjeants, and thvee colonial marines wounded, aire the casualties sustained by the naval department ; a general list of $hb killed and wounded of the whole army will of coarse accom« pony the report of the major-geQee avoided. I have now to remark to your Lordship, that nothing could sur- pass the zeal, unanimity, and ar- dour, displayed by every descrip- rion of force, whether naval, mi- litary, or mariiie, during the whole of these operations. I am highly indebted to Vice- Admiral Sir A. Cochrane, Com- mander in Chief of the naval forces, for the active assistahce and zealous co-operation which he was ready, upon every occasion, to aflford me; a disposition con- spicuous in every branch of the naval service, and which cannot fail to ensure success to everj^ combined operation of this arma- ment. Captain Edward Croflon, com- manding the brigade of seameo appointed to the small arms, for the animated and enthusiastic ex- ample which he held forth to hii men, deserves my approbation— as do also Captains Nourse, Money, Sullivan, and Ramsay, royal navy^ for the steadiness and good order which they maintained in their several directions. I feel every obligation to Rear- Admiral Cockburn, for the coun- sel and assistance which he af- forded me, and frodn which I de- rived the most signal t>enefit. To Colonel Fatenon, for the steady •-1', APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 235 steady manner In whtcb he brought his o^utnn into action/ 1 give ttiy best thanks. The Hoq. Lieat.-CoL MuUins deserv^^d eyery approbation for the elcellent order in which he led that part of the right brigade under his immediate command, while charging the enemy in line. Major Jones, commanding the light brigade, merits my best ac- knowledgments, for the active and skilful dispositions by which he covered all the movements of the army. The distinguished gallantry of Captain De Bathe, 95th light in- &ntr}', has t>een particularly re- ported to me, and I brg to record sny own knowledge of similar conduct on former occasions. To Major Faunce, 4th regiment, for the manner in which he gained and turned the enemy's leR, as well as for the excellent discipline maintained in that regiment, every particular praise is due. The exertions of Major Guh* bfns, commanding the 85th light infontry; and of Major Kenny, commanding the light companies, were highly commendable. Captain Mitchell, commanding the royal artillery ; Captain Car- tntbbael, a meritorious officer of that corps ; and Lieutenant Law- rence, of the marine artillery, are entitled to my best thanks 5 as is Captain Blanchard, commanding toyal engineers, for the abilities he displayed in his particular branch of the service. To Lieutenant Evans, 3d dra- goons, acting Deputy-Quarter Master-General to this army, for the unremitting zeal, activity, and perfect intelligence which he evinced in the discharge of the i » ▼arioQs and difficnlt dotiea of his department, I fieel warmly in- debted; and I beg to solicit^ through your Lordship, a promo- tion suitable to the high profes- sional merits of this officer. Captain M'Dougall, Aide-de- Camp to the late General Ross (and who has acted as Assistant Adjutant-General, in the absence of Major Debbeig through indis- position), is the t)earer of these dispatches, and having been in the confidence of General Ross, as well as in mine, will be fbnnd perfectly capable of giving your Lordship any further information relative to the operation of this army which you may require ; he is an officer of great merit and promise, and I beg to recommend him to your Lordship's protection. I have, &c. A. Brook, Col. commanding. Return of the Killed and fVor/tmied in action with the enemy near Baltimore, on the \2th of SeP' t ember, 1814. General StaiF— i major general, 3 horses, killed) i horse wounded. Royal artillery — 6 rank and file wounded. Royal Marine Artillery— i rank and file killed; 3 rank and file wounded. j.th Regiment, ist Battalion— i Serjeant, i rank and file, killed | 3 Serjeants, 10 rank and file> wounded. 31st Regiment, I Battalion — i subaltern, i seijeant, 9 rank and, file, killed 3 i captain, i suba]tem« 3 Serjeants, 77 rank and filcj wounded. 44th Regiment, ist Batt. — 11 rank and file, killed j 3 captains, 3 subalterns, 5 scrjeants^ 78 rank and file, wounded. 85th S34 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. 85th Light lafantry— 3 rank and file killed ; 2 captains, i subaltern^ 26 rank and file, wounded. Royal Marines, 2d Battalion — 4. rank and file killed ; 10 rank and file, wounded. Royal Marines, 3d Battalion — 2 rank and file, killed -, i serjeant, 9 rank and file wounded. Detachments of Royal Marines from the ships attached to the 2d Battalion — 2 rank and file killed 3 I rank and file, wounded. Detachments of Royal Marines under the command of Captain Robyns-^ft rank and file, killed } I captain, 9|rank and file wounded. Total — 1 general staff, i subal- tern, 2 Serjeants, 35 rank and file, killed ; 7 captains, 4 subalterns, II Serjeants, 229 rank and file, wounded. Names of Officers Killed and IVounded, Killed, General Staff— Major General Robert Ross. 3 1st Fusileers — Lieut. Grace. iVoundeJ. 2ist Fasileers — Brevet Major Renny, slightly ; Lieut. Leavocq, severely. 44th Regiment — Brevet Major Cruice, slightly ; Capt. H. Green- shields, dangerously (since dead); Capt. G. Hill, Lieut. R. Cruice, Ensign J. White, Fevcrely. 8sth Light Infantry — Captains W. P. de Bathe and J. D. Hicks, Lieutenant G. Wellings, slightly. j[loyal Marines — Captaiu John Rob}nis, severely. (Signed) Hekry Dpbbbig, Major, A* D. A. A. General Admiralty office, Oct, 17, 1814. Captain Cro^n, acting Captain of bis Majesty's ship the RoyaJ Oak, arrived this morning at this Office, with dispatches from Vice Admiral the Honourable Sir Alex- ander Cochrane, K. B. addressed to John Wilson Croker, Esq. of which the following are copies : — His Majesty's sAip Tonfiant, Chesapeake f Sept. I7. Sir,-— I request that you will be pleased to inform mj Lords Com- missioners of the Admiralty, that the approaching equinoctial new moon rendering it unsafe to proceed immediately out of the Chesapeake with the combined expedition, to act upon the plans which bad been concerted previous to the departure of the Ipbigenia 5 Major General Ross and myself resolved to occapy the intermrdiate time to advan- tage, by making a demonstration upon the city of Baltimore, which might be converted into a real at- tack, should circumstances appear to justify it; and as our arrange- ments were soon made, I proceed- ed up this river, and anchored off the mouth of the Patapsco, on the I ith instant, where the frigates and smaller vessels entered, at a conve nient distance for landing the troops. At an early hour next monilng, the diKembarkation of the army was etlected without opposi6on, having attached to it a brigade of 600 seamen, under Capt. Edward Crofton (late of the Leopard) j the second battalion of marines; the marines of the squadron, and the colonial black marines. Rear Ad- miral Cockbum accoropinied tbe 6tneral, tp advise and arrange at migbi APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE £35 might be deemed necessary for our combined efforts. So Roon as the armj moved for- ward I hoisted my flag in the Sur- prise, and with the remainder of the frigates, bombs, sloops, and the rocket ship, passed further up the river, to render what co-operation could be found practicable. While the bomb vessels were working up, in order that we might open our fire upon the enemy's fort at day break next morning, an account was brought to me, that Aiajor General Ross, when recon- noitring the enemy, had received a mortal wound by a musket ball, which closed his glorious career before he could be brought off to the ship. It is a tribute due to the memory of this gallant and respected Offi- cer, to pause in my relation, while I lament the loss that his Majesty^s service and the army, of which be was one of the brightest ornaments, have sustained by his death. The unanimity, the zeal which he ma- nifested on every occasion, while I had the honour of serving with him, gave life and ease to the most arduous undertakings. Too heed- less of his personal security when in the field, his devotion to the care and honour of his army has caused the termination of his va- luable life. The Major General has left a wife and family, for whom I am confident his grateful country will provide. The skirmish which had de- prived the army of its brave Gene- ral was a prelude to a most decisive victor}' over the flower of the cne* my's troops. Colonel Brook, on whom the command devolved, hav- ing pushed fonvard our force to within Ave miles of Baltimore, where the enemy, about 6 or 7000, had taken ap an advanced positiocv strengthened by field pieces, ant where he hzd disposed himself, apparently with the intention of making a determined resistano^ fell upon the enemy with such im- petuosity, that be was obliged soon to give way, and Ay in every direc- tion, leaving on the field of battle a considerable number of killed and wounded, and two pieces of cannon. For the particulars of this bril- liant affair, I beg leave to refer their Lordships to Rear Admiral Cockbnm^s dispatch, transmitted herewith. At day-break the next morning, the bombs having taken their sta- tions within shell range, supported by the Surprize, with the other frigates and sloops, opened their fire upon the fort that protected the entrance of the harbour, and I had now an opportunity of observing the strength and preparations of the enemy. The approach to the (own on the land side was defended by commanding heights, upon which was constructed a ch^n of redoobis connected by a breast work, with a ditch in front, an extensive train of artillery, and a shew of force that was reported to be from 15 to Ao,ooo men. The entrance by sea, withi|i which the town is retired nearly three miles, was cnt'urely obscured by a barrier of vessels sunk at the mouth of the harbour, defended in- side by gun boats, flanked on the right by a strong and regular forti- fication, and on the left by a bat- tery of several heavy gons. These preparations rendering it impracticable to aflibrd any essen- tial 936 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. •tial co-operation by sea, I consi- Aired that an attack on the ene- mfB strong position by the array doly, with sncb disparity offeree, thOQgh confident of saccest, might iMt a greater loss than the poitses- alon of the town would compen- Mte for, while holding in view the idCerior operations of this force in the contemplation of his Majesty's Government ; and, therefore^ as the primary object of our move- ment had been already fully ac- -eonaplishfd, I communicated my observations to Cdonel Brook, who coinciding with me in opi- nion, it was mutually agreed that we should withdraw. Hie following morning the army began leisurely to retire ; and so talotary was the effect produced on the enemy by the defeat he had experienced, that notwithstanding every opportunity was offered for his repeating the conflict, with an infinite superiority, our troops re- embarked without molestation ; the ships of war dropped down as the army retired. The result of this demonstration hat been the defeat of the army of the enemy, the destruction, by tfaem«elves, of a quantity of sbip- pmg, the burning of an extensive n>pe walk, and other public erec- t!ions» the causing of them to re- move their property from the city, tod above all, the collecting and hsrassing of his armed inhabitants f^om the surrounding country ; producing a total stagnation of their commerce, and heaping upon ffaem considerable expenses, at the same timr effectually drawing off their attention and support &om other important quarters. It has been a source of the (reatest gratification to me, the continuance of that unanimity ex- isting between the two services, which I have before noticed tu tlieir Lordships ; and I have rea- son to assure them that the com- mand of the army has fallen upon a most zealous and able officer in Colonel Brook, who has followed up the system of cordiality that had been so beneficially adopted by his much lamented chief. Rear Admiral Cockburo, to whom I confided that part of the naval service which was connected with the army, evinced his usual zeal and ability, and executed his important trust to my entire satia- f action. Rear Admiral Malcolm, who re- gulated the collection, debarkation, and re-embarkation of the troops, and the supplies they required, has merited my best thanks for his in- defatigable exertions -, and I havb to express my acknowledgments for the counsel and assistance which, in all oar operations, I have re- ceived from Rear Admiral Codring- ton, the Captain of the fleet. The Captains of the squadron who were employed in the various duties afloat, were all emulous to promote the service in which they were engaged, and, with the offi* cers acting under them, are en- tilled to my fullest approbationi I beg leave to call the attention of their Lordships to the report Rear Admiral Cockburn has made of the meritorious and gallant con- duct of the Naval Brigade 5 as well as to the accompanying letter from Colonel Brook, expressing his ob- ligations to Captain Edward Cro^ ton, who commanded, and Cap* tains T. B. Sallivao, Rowland, Money, and Robert Raimsay, who had charge of divisions > and I have APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. SSr hilt tdreCoBimend these ofBcen, to gether with those who fire parti- culirljf noticed by the Resr Ad- miral, to their Lordships' favour- able coiisideralion. Captain Robyns, of the Royal Marines, who commanded the ma- rines of ihe sqtiiadroii on this occa- lion, and in the operations against WaEhington.being severely wound- ed, I beg leave to bring him to (beir Loids hips' recollection, as having been frequently noticed for his gallant conduct during the ser- vices on the Cbesapealce, and to recommend him, with Liruienant Sampson Marshall, of the Diadem, who is dangerously wounded, to their Lordships' favour and pro- tection. First Lieutenant John Lawrence of the Royal Marine Artillery, who commanded the rocket brigade, hat again rendered esst'nlial ter- vice, and is highly spoken of by Colonel Brook. Captain Edward Crnflon, who will have the honour of delivering Ihixdispntch, is competent to e«- flain any further parlicularg J and beg leave lo recommend him to their Lordsbipt' protection, as a moat zealous and Jnielligent ofBcer. I have the honour to be, Uc. At.E,XANDES CoCHBANB, Vice Admiral and Commander in Chief. To John WiLion Croker, Esq. &c. &c. &c. His Mirjesiv's ihip Sevirn, in tAe FatapKo, Sept. 15, 1814. Sir, — In fiirtherance of the in- Btructioni I had (he honour to re- ed ve from you on the iithintt. I landed at daylight on the islh with M*jo[ General Ron asd the force under hit command, at a place the General and myielf hl4 previoualy lised upon, near M North Point, at the entrBuce «f the Palapsco ) and in canfomti^ with his wisbet, t determined oa remaining on shore, and accon* panying the army to render bin every assistance within my power during the contemplated mo*e^ menis and operations i tberafon^ lo soon as our landing wai coo^ plet«d, I directed Captain NoursOt of this ship, to advance up the n* tapsco with the frigates, alooptt and bomb shipa, to bomlMrd llift fort and ihreaten the water-a|^ proach to Baltimore, and I moved on with the army and seamen (on- der Captain Edward Crofion) at* tached to ii.oo the direct road lesd> ing to the abovementioned town. We had advanced about 5 mitea (without other occurrence than tak. ingprisoneraafew light honenoea), when Ihe General and mysdf, being with the advanced guard, observed a division of the eitemj posted at a turning of ihe road, es* tending into a wood on our lafti a sharp fire was almost immedi* ately opened upon us from it, and as quickly returned with consider* able effect by our advanced guardj which, pressing steadily forward; soon obliged the enemy to run off with the utmost precipitation, leav- ing behind him several men killed, and wounded; but it is with tbfc most heartfelt aorrow I have to add, that in this short and deml- tory skirmish, my gallant and high- ly valued friend, the Major Gene- ral, received a musket ball through his arm into his breast, wbicb Our country. Sir, bn lod 't SS8 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. JbifDone of itn best and bravest ivkiiers, and those who knew him, •» I did^ a friend most honoured •nd beloved ; and I trusty Sir, I i may be forgiven for considering k a sacred duty 1 owe to him to mention here, tliac wiiilst his wounds were binding up, and we mere placing him on the K^rer, which was to carry him off the field, he assured me the wounds Imi had received in the pertorm- aoce of his duty to his country i^sed him not a pang ; but he felt alone, anxiety for a wife and ^BBnily dearer to him than his life, whom, in the event of the fatal termination he foresaw, he re- commended to the protection and notice of his Majesty's Govern* meot, and the country. Colonel Brook, on whom the cammaiui of the army now dc- jvolved, having come up, and the body of our troops having closed will) the advance, the whole pro- ceded forward about two miles Ivirther, where we observed the enemy in force drawn up before us (apparently about six or seven ibouaand strong); on perceiving oqr army, he filed off into a large and extensive wood on his right, from which he commenced a cannonade on us from his field pieces, and drew up his men behind a thick paling, where he appeared determined to make his stand. Our field guns answered his with evi- dent advantage, and so soon as Colonel Brook bad made the ne- cessary dispositions, the attack was .ordered, and executed in the high- est style possible. The enemy opened his musketry on us from .his whole line, immediately as we approached within reach of it, and kept up his fire till we reached and entered the wood, when he ga\e way in every direction, and wa» chased by us a considerable dis- tance with great slaughter, aban- doning his post of the Meeting- house, situated in this wood, and leaving all his wounded and two of hia field guns in our possession. An advance of this description against superior numbers of an enemy so posted, could not be ef- fected without lo&s. I have the honour to enclose a return of what has been sutfered by those of the naval dcpdrtmeut, acting with the army on thib occasion; and it is, Sir, with the greatest pride and pleasure I report to you, that the brigade of fieamcn with small arms commanded by Captain Edward Crofton, assisted by Captains Sul- Hvan, Money, and Ramsey, (the three senior commanders with the fieet) who commanded divisions under him, behaved with a gallan- try and steadiness which would have done honour to the oldest troops, and which attracted the ad- miration of the army. 1 he sea- men under Mr. Jackson, master's mate of the Tonnant, attached to the rocket brigade, commanded by the First Lieutenant Lawrence, of the marines, behaved also with equal skill and bravery. The ma- rines landed from the ships under the command of Captain Robyns, the senior officer of that corps, be- longing to the fieet, behaved witli tiieir usual gallantry. Although, Sir, in making to yon my report of this action, I know it is right I should confine myself to mentioning only the conduct of those belonging to the naval de« partment ; yet I ooay be excused for venturing further to state to yoa generally the high admiratiou with APPEliJDIX Ta CHRONICLE. S39 with which I viewed the condoct of the whole army, and the abilirr and gallantry wiUi which it wu managed and headed by its brave Colonel, which insured to it the •uccess it met with. The night being fast appFOOcb- ing, and the troops much btigued. Colonel Brook determined on r»- maiaing for the night on the fieU of battle J and on ibe morning of the ijtb, leaving a iraall guard at the Meeting house to collect and protect the wouiidc^d, weagtin moved forward towards Bat li more, on approaching which it wns fuond to be defended by extFciiH^ly strong vorks oQ ever}' side, and imme- diately in front of us by an exien- ^ve hill, on which was an in- trtndted camp, and great <]iiantt' lies of artillery, and tbe information wccollected, added to what weot>- aerved, gave us to believe I l>erewNc at least wiihiu their works from 15 to 30,000 men. Colonel Brook lost no time in reconnoiiering theae defences, after which he made bii arrangement fur storn.ing, during the rnsuing night, with hisgaltnnl little army, the eniretiched camp in our front, notwithstanding the difficulties which it preienlcd,— Tbe subsequent commnnication* which we opened with your how- ever, induced him a^ain to relin- quish the idea, and therefore yes- terday morning tbe army retired leisurely to the Meeting -ho use, where it halted for some hours to make the necessary arrangements reipectlng the wounded and the pritonerg taken on the i ith, which being completed, it made a further ihort movement in the evening to- wards the p\ace where it had dis- embarked,and where itarrivcd this ■ nMTiiing for re-embarkation, nith- cnt Itiftiirfng tbe dightdit inotesia* tian frodi the enemy, who, in tpit* ofbis superiority of number, did Mt even venture to louk at us during his slow and deliberate retreat. As you. Sir, were in person wilk the advaiHxd frigaiei, sjoopt, aai bomb vessels, and as, from the roei the army took, I did not see theia after qoiiting the beach, it would iie superfluous for me to make any report to yna respecting them, f have now, therefore, onlyio assnn yon of my entire satii^ction antl approbation of tbe conduct ofcveiy officer and man omployed under me,duiing theoperationsabovedik tailed, and to express to you bow pariicnlarly I consider myietf ti^ debted to Captain Edward Croftok (acting Captain of the Royal Oak^ tor ihe gallantry, ability, and acet. with which he led on the brigade of seamen in the action of the i^tb, and executed ail the other tervtcca with which he had been intrusrnl since our landing; to Capt. While (acting Captain ot the Albioii> who attended me a* my Aide de Camp [he whole time, and render- ed nie every passible assistance, to Captains Sullivan, Money, and Ramsay, who commanded divi- aions of the brigade of seamen ; to Lieutenant James Scott of tbe Al- bion, whom I have bad such fre- quent cause to mention to you on former occasions, and who in the battle of the istb commanded a division of seamen, and behaved mo4t gallanlly, .occasionally also acting as an extra Aide-de-camp to myself. Caplain Robyns, who commanded the marines of the fleet, and who was severely wound- ed during the engagement, I also beg lo recommend to vour taveor- able uotice and consideration, as 8« ANNUAL RJICISTER, I«14. well ai Ueatenant Gwm C. Unn«to/i, of the AJbieo. whom I flsced in comniaiul of tbc Hnaller boati, U>cadeavoLii to keep up ■ eominunicaiian between the array Atid navy, which he efiected by great perKvenact, and thereby nndered ui iuott eueoiial lenicM. In tbort, Sir, every individual tcDtncd aaioiated with equ*! anx- iety to distingutth hiimelf by good conduct on tht« occaiion, and I truat iherefore the wh^ will be -deemed worthy of your approba- tion. ■ CaptaiQ Nourse, of the Serero, ^ni good eooogb to receive my flag for this aevvice j be rrndered -ae great aanHtance in getting the •Inpi to the different (tatioiw iHthin the river) and when the atomiing of the fortified hill was eoatemplated, he baUened lo my aaaiitaoce with a rein tbrce men t uf aeamca and marinei i and I should consider myiclf wanting in can- dour and justice, did I not par- ticularly point out. Sir, to yen, ihe high opiaion f entertain of tbc «DterpriEe and ability of thiiva- hiable oflicer, not only for his con- duct on thia occasion, but on the very many otfaen on which I have Maployed hirn, since with me in the Chesapeake, I have, &c. G. Cocibukw, Rear- Admiral. Wce-Admtral ihe Hon. Sir Alexander Coch- rane, K. B.Command- er-in-4;hief. Sec. &c. Ite. His iLgtstji't Ship Tmmati, Ottti^Mait.Sepl. IS, 1S14. Sir^— In my diipaicb of the ad inatant, recotultDg the ancceia of ow expedition against Washing* tea. I acquaifllsd you, for lite tn- jbrmation of oay Lord* Com- iBissioiiera of the Admiralty, [hat ibe wiadi bad been unfavourable for tha reinm of tbe abipi wbicb were detached up the Pouunac, under Captain J. A. Gordon of (be 3«i-hor«e, to co-uperate wgainit Ibe capital j but that I had beard of their having acconiplisbcd the deatruction of Fort Washiflgtoa. I have now tlw honour not only to confirm this report, but to iraiMmit (or tbeir Lordships' in- formaiion, a copy of Captain Gor- don's detail pf his proceedings, in which bis further success has es- ceeded my most sanguine expco -tations 1 having forced the pope- 1«U9 city of Alexandria to capita- lite, and having brought down the liver in triumph, through a series of obiiBcles and deiermiocd oppo- sition, a fleet of Iweoty-one ene- my's veeteb. The difficulties which presented themsrlvca to these ships in aicending the river, impeded by shoaJi and contrary winds, and the increaned obilades which the eucmy had prepared against their reinrn, with a con- fident hope of obstructing tbeir descent, were only to be overcome by the most indefatigable exeriioni. I trust therefore, that ibere»)- Jution and gallantry displayed by every one employed upon this ser- vice, whii:h deserve my wurmett applause, will be fnrtber honoured by the approbation of tbeir Lord' ships. 1 liave, &c. Al-KX. CoCBE&XK, Vide -Admiral, Comtoaiider- in-Chief. Scaitrte, Cktt^fmke, Sept. g, 1814. >Sir,— In obcdienoe to joar or- den. APPENDIX TO CHROKICLE. • HI enemy, sod dieir complete d^^ etractimi, vJtb their cirriagei dw^ waaefiectMl b^ the KameD and tra- TiiKi lent on that icrvice, in ICM thiQ two boon. The populoui city of Alexandria thus lost iis onljr defentie; and, having buoyed thM channel, I deemed it better M postpone giving any aciwer to A proposal made to me for its capl- lulaiion uDiil the following mom* ing, when I was cfiabled to piaet the liiipping in Kucb a portion ti would ensure assent to Ibe lerma 1 had decidrd to enforce. > To this mcaiure I attnbdtB their rCHdy acqnieiccnce, as it re^ moved that doubt of my dctenni'- nation to proceed, which had baeft raised in the minda of the idIu^ biiants by our army having retired trom Waibington : this part of our proceedisgi will be further explained by the acrompanyiog documents. The Hon. Lientenant Goidoa of this ibip waa sent on the evea- ing of the aSlh to prevent the escape of any of the vusels com- prised in the capitulation, and tba whole of those which were Hi- worlhy, amouDliog to ai in nnmo ber, were fitted and loaded by the 3 1 St. Capuin Baker, of the Fairy, bringing your orders of the 37tb, having fought bis way up the river past a battery of five guM and a large militaiiy force, con- firmed the rumours, which had al- ready reached us, -of strong mea- sures having been taken to oppoas our return; and I therefore quitted Alexandria without waiting -' to destroy those remain! ng store* which we had not (be meana of bringing away. Contrary , winds again occa- It sioned der*, I proceeded into the Bifer Potomac, with the ships named in the margin, on ihe i7ih of lait month) but from tieing without pilots to assist us through that difficult pari of the liver called the Kelt le-Botiums, and from con- trary winds, we wew unable to reach Fort Washington uniil the evening of the 17th. Nor was this effected bat by ilie severest labour. 1 believe each of the abips was not less tlian 20 differ- ent times a-ground, and each time we were obliged 10 haul off by main slrrngth ; and we were em- ployed warping for five whole successive days, with the eicep- tion of a frw hours, a distance of more (ban fifty miles. The bomb-ships were placed on the evening of the jyth, and im- mediately began the bombardment of the Fort,' it being my intention to attack it with the frigates at day-light the following morning. On Ihe bursting Cif the first shell, the garrison were observed to re- treat ; but supposing some con- cealed design, 1 directed the fire to be continued. At eight o'clock, however, my doubts were re- moved by the explosion of the powder-mtgazinc, which destroyed the inner biiildings, and at day> light on the 38th we took posses- aion. Besides the principal fort, which contained two fifty-two -pounders, two thirty-two pounders, and eight ' twenty-four pounders, there was a battery on the beach of five eighteen pounders, a mar- tello tower, with two twelve- pounders, and loop-holes for mus- ketry, and a battery in the rear of IWo twelve and sis six-pound iield-[necC3. The whole of^theae gun weK already tpikod by the ■ Vol. LVI. M* ANNUAL REGISTER, isu. ■jpoed ua tfae Ubpriont talk of placed by Ct^uia BartbalBmew in vwpiiif tbe sbipt down the river, no admirable poiitioaf^ baraHiae In ifbicb a dajr's idky took place, tbc worktDcn emplojed in the Mrinc to the Vtvutition ground- tre&cba, was atudted by three ing. The eaemy took advantage field-piocca, which did her catmi' of tbia circumslance to attrmpl dcrable damage before they were her dottroclion by three fire, beaten off. Aod another attetnpt HCMela, attended by five row being mode to decLroy tbe Dcvas- bc«U ; but tb«r object wai de- tatioQ with fire resieU, J aeDt the 3 ed by the prMBptiiade ajod boats uoder Opiaiii Baker to her ■Btiy of Captain Alexander, aMiitance : notfaiag oould exceed wJttt pnthed off with hii own the alacrity witb which Captain lloaU,«iid being fi}llowed by ll^ose Baker went on thii tervice, to bftbeotber ship*, diBsed the boalB which I aciribute the immediate ' of the ennay up to the town of retreat of the boati and fire vessel*. Akxandria. The cool and steady His lou, however, waj consideia- eoddoct of Mr. John Moore, Mid- blei owing to their having sought Aipmin of tbe Seahorse, in towing refuge under wme guns in a nar- 4he neareat 6re vewel on ihore, row creek thickly wooded, from wJUlat the olhen weie rcn>oved which it was imitoaiible for Iiim to - fiom. the power of doing mia- dialodge Ihem. oiiief by the smdler boats of the On tbe 5ih at nooa, the wind Deroatation, entitle* hitn to aty coming fair, and ait eay arrange- Ingbeat conHnendation. menla being made, the Scabor&e The Meteor and the Fairy, a*- and Euryaiu* anchored vritbin ■B<«d by the Anna Maria diapiich short ntu'ket shot of the batterica, hoM, a prise gna-boat, and a boat while ibe whole of tbe priars belonging to tbe Kuryalm, with a passed betwiit ui and the shcwli ho«1tier. Lad greatly impeded the bombs, ibe Fairj-, and £rftbu,% the pTogreu of theeneiuy in tlieii firing as they patsed, and aftei- wntki; notwitfaslsoding wliicb, wards anchoring m a favourable Ihey were rn.nbkd to increaie position for facilitating, by means their battery to eleven guiw, witb of their force, the fuither removal a furnace for heating shot. On of the frigates. At three p.m. .the '3d, tiie wind ooroing to the having completely aileooed (he N. W. the Etna and the Erebus enemy's fire, the Seahorae and aocceeded in - gcttir« down to Euryalus cut their caUea, and the their anlstanoe, and the wboie of whole of ui proceeded to the acxt na, with the prizei, were ossem- poaiiion taken up by the Iroopa^ tiled there on the 4th, except the where they bad two bfttierie^ Ekevaaiatico, which, in apite of toounting fiom foorteea to eigh- onr utmoat exertioa in warpiwg toen guot, on a ran^e of ditb of hsr.MiUreBudaed five milea higher aboata mile extent, under wbidi op the rinr. Tbia wu tbe boo- wb were of naceuity obliged to (wnt wbes the encBy made hia yaaa very close. I did not iotBod yatMt ofona to «Act oor do- to make iho dtadk that ovmag, ttrocUoo. bat the ifrebaa gmmdioK wttbin tba Hndnu boing jodicniiily trngs, «« men aneamaij called into APPENDIX TO CHiONIClE. SM iotoactiao. On thu occarioo the aiooi vhicb hava called ha abl^ fireof the Fairy had the moit de- ties into actbn. Hit exeirtii]^ ciiire efiect, as well as that or the were alto panicularij cootpiaHqp Erebus, while the borobt threw in the prizes, maiiy of whi^, a^ their shells with excellent preci- leadj sank by the taaty, veip ■ion, and the gnns of the batteries weighed, muted, have dow^ were (hereby completely silenced caalked, rigged, and loaded, b^ by aboutetght o'clocL oar little tqta^roa, daring tly At day-light on the 6th I made three days which we remaiiieA^t ■igasl to weigh, and lo satisfied Aleiandria. were the whole of the parties It is ditficult to distiogtdffr opposed to us of their opposition amongst ofBcen who bad a gnaUr being inefFectual, that they al- share of duty than o^en lalla |0 lowed US to pass without further the lot of any, and which t$tii molestation. I cannot close thu performed wiUi the greatest cndit detail of operations, comprising a to his professional cbaracler, 1 Kriod of 13 days, without begging cannot omit to recommend to y«fl ve to call your attention to the notice the mcritorions conduct of ^gular exertion of those whom I Captains Alexander, Barthohnqew, bad the honotu: to command,- by Baker, and Kaoah, the latter of which our success was e&cted. whom led ni through many of tba Om-hanHnocksweredown only two difficulties of ibe narigaiiMi ; and DJgbtsduring the whole time; the particularly to Captain Roberta, maoy laborious duties which we of the Meteor, who, besides m^ bad to perform were executed dergdng the fatigoes of tbe day, with a cheerfulness which I shall employ«l the night in coming tAa ever remember with pride, and distince of ten miles to comma* which will ensure, I hope, to the nicate and consult with me upivi whole of the detachments, your our further operations preparatotf fiiToarable estimation of their ex- to our passing the batteries, traordinary zeal and abilities. So universally good was tbs To Captain Napier I owe more conduct of all the officers, seamen, obli^tioos than I hnve words to and marines of the delacbment, ^press. The £uryab& lost her that I cannot particularise witb bowsprit, the head of her fore- justice to the rest) but I owe it mast, and the heads of all her top- lo the long tried experience I batB masts, in a tornado which she en- had of Mr. Henry King, first countered on the 25th, just as her Lieutenant of the Seahorse, M sails were clued up, whilst we point out to you, that such wpa were passing the Flats of fflaiy- his eagerness to take the part to land Point, and yet, after twelve which his abilities would have 4- houn work on her refittal, the retted him on this occasion, that vas again under weigh, and ad- he even came out of bis rick bed, vancing op the river. Captain to command at his quarters, whila^ Napier speaks highly of the con- the ship was passing the batceriaa^ duot of Lieutenant Thomas Her- nor can I erer forget bow male* bert on this as well as on every riMly the service is indebted to itt. Other of the many trying occa- Alexander Louthian, the Mailer, /or &3 244 ANKUAL REGISTER, lil4. for both fiodiDg and buoying the channel of a navigation, which no ithip of similar draft of water had ever before passed with their guns and stores on board, and which, according to the report of a sea- man now in this ship, was not ac- complished by the President Ame- rican frigate, even after taking her guns out, under a period of ftrrty-two days. Enclosed is a list of killed and wounded, and also of the vessels captured I have, &c. James A. Gordon, Captain. To Sir Alexander Coch- • rane, Commander-in- Chief, &c. colonial department. Dotvning'Strect , Oct. 9. Major Addison arrived yester- day with a dispatch from Lieut.- • General Sir J. C. Sherbrooke, >K. B. addressed to Earl Bathurst, one of his Majesty's principal S?cretarics of Sate, of which the following is a copy :— Castine, at tJic entrance of the Penobscot, Sept. 18, 1814. My Lord, — 1 have now the ho- nour to inform your Ix)rdsh}p, that after closing my dispatch on tlie 26th ultimo, in which I men- tioned my intentions of proceed- ing to the Penobscot, Rear- Ad- miral Griffith and myself lost . no lime in sailing from Halifax, with such a naval force as be deemed neoeseary, and the troops as per margin, to accomplish the object we bad in view. Verf early in the morning of the 3otbf we fell in with the Rifle- man sloop of war, when Captai'h Pearse informed us, that the United States frigate the Adams had got into the Penobscot ; but from the apprehension of being attacked by our cruizcrs, if she remained at the entrance of the river, she had run up as high as Hamden, where she had landed her guns, and mounted them on shore for her protection. On leaving Halifax, it was my original intention to have taken possession of Machias, on our way hither j but on receiving this in- telligence, the Admiral and my- self were of opinion that no tinrre should be lost in proceeding to our destination, and we arrived here \o.ry early on the morning of the ist instant. The fort of Castine, which is situated upon a peninsula of the eastern side of the Penobscot, near the entrance of that river, was summoned a little after sun-rise, but the American officer refused to surrender it, and immediately opened a lire from four twenty-four pounders upon a small schooner that had been sent with Lient.- Col. Nicolls (commanding Royal Engineers) to reconnoitre the work. Arrangements were immedi- ately made for disembarking the troops ; but before a landing could be effected, the enemy blew up his magazine, and escaped up the Majetaquadous River, carrying ofT in ihe boats with them two field pieces. As we had no means of ascer- taining what force the Americans had on this peninsula, I landed a detachment of royal artillery, with .two rifle companies of the 6oth and 9Sch regiments^ ander Col. Douglas^ APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. S4£ Qotiglai, in the rear of it, with ordera to ^ecur« ihc isthmus, and 10 take posscisiou of the heights wliicb cummand the town ; but I soon learned that there were no regulars at Cattine, rxcept the party which had blown up the ma- gazine, and esciped, and that ibe militia which vere assembM there had dispersed immediately on our landing. Rear Admiral Griffith and m7- selt' next turned our attention to destroying ber. The arrangement for this service having been made, tbe Rear- Admiral entrusted ibe execution of it to Capi. Barrie, Royal Navy, and as the co opera- tion of a Lind tbrce was neceuary, I directed Lieut -Cnlonel John, with a detachment of artillery, tbe flanlc companies of the 39lh, 63d, and 98tb regiments, and one rifle company of tbe 6olh, to accom- pany and co-operate with Captain Earrle on this occaaion ) but a« Hamden is twenty- seven miles above Casting, it appeared to me a necdsaiy measure of precaution tint to occupy a post on ihc west- ern bank, which migbl alTbrd ■upport if necessary to the force going up the river, and at the same -time prevent the armed po- pulation, which is very numerous lo the southward and westward, from annoying the British in their operations agaiotl the Adams. Upon inquiry I found that Rel- &st, which is upon the bi^h road leading from Hamden to Boston, and which perfectly commands the bcidgp, was likely 10 answer both these purposes, and I consc- qucDtly directed Major General GcHclin to occupy that place with the 19th regiment, and to main- tain it till further orders. As toon as thia was accomplitbed and the tide served. Rear Admiral GrtfRih directed Captain Barrie to proceed to his destination, and the remainder of the troops wero landed that evening at Castine. Understanding that a strotig parly of mUitia from the ncigl^ bouring township had asiemblecl at about four milci from Castino on the road leading to Blua Hill, I sent out a strong pacroto on the morning of the second, before day -break. On arriving at the place, I was informed that the militia of the county had assem.- bled there on tbe alarm guns being fired at the Fort at Castine upoo our first appearance, but that iha main body had siace dispersed and returned to their respective home*. Some stragglers were, however, left, who lired upon our advanced guard, and then took to the wood(|. a few of whom were made pri- soners. No intelligence having reached ui from Captain Bariie oa Saturday night, I marched with about seven hundred men aitd two light field pieces upon Buck- ston at three o'clock on Sunday morning the 4th instant, for tba purpose of learning what progrcM he had made, and of affording him assistance if required. This plocs is about eighteen miles higher op the Penobscot than Castine, aod- on the eastern bank of the river. Rear Admiral Griffith accompa^ ntcd me on this occasion, and at we bad reason to believe that tho light guns which had been taken from Castine were secreted in ths neighbourhood of Buckston, wo threatMied to destroy tbe town unless tbev were delivered up, an4 846 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. the two bran 3 pounden on tra- f^Dg carriages were in conae- qfKDce brought to us in the course of the 6ay, and ore now in our fnaiessioB. At Buckston we received very aatisfactory accounts of the sue- OSis which had attended the force employed up the river. We luamtd, that Captain Barrie had K seeded from Haroden up to gor) and the Adnairal sent an officer in a boat from Buckston to Goarnianicate with him, when find- ing there was no necessity for the troops remaining longer at Buck- ttODj they marched back to Cas- tio^ the next day. Having ascertained that the ob- ject of the expedition up the Pe- nobscot had been attained, it was QD longer necessary for me to oc<^ copy Belfast } 1, therefore, on the evening of the 6tb, directed Major General Gosselin to embark the troops and to join me here. Macchias being the only place Mw remaining where the enemy .bed a post between the Penobscot end Passamaquoddy Bay, I ordered lieutenant Colonel Pilkington to proceed with a detachment of royal ertillery and the 29th regiment to occupy it ; and as naval assist • eoce was required^ Rear Admiral Griffith directed Captain Parker, air the Tenedos, to co-operate with lieutenant Colonel Pilkington on this occasion. On the morning of the 9th, Captain Barrie> with Lieutenant Colonel John, and the troops which bad been employed with him up the Penobscot, letomed to Castine. It seems the enemy blew up the Adams, 00 his strong ^ositk>n at Hamdrui benxg. 'at- tacked } but all hia artillery^ two stands of (x>lours, and a standard, with several merchant vessels, fell into our hands. This, I am ha^^y to say, was accomplished with very little loss on our part -, and your r«ordship will perceive, by the re? torn sent herewith, that the only officer wounded in this afiair is Captain Cell of the 29th grena- diers. Herewith I have the ^onoor to transmit a copy of the report made to nie by Lieut.-Col. John on this occasion, . in which your Lordship will be pleased to ob- serve, that the Lieut.-Cpl. speaks very highly of the gallantry and good conduct displayed by the troops upon this expedition, under very trying circumstances } and I beg to call your Lordship*H atten- tion to the names of tho^ officers upon whom Lieut.-Colonc I John particularly bestows praisr. The enterprise and intrepidity mani- fested by Lifut.-Colonel John, and the discipline and gallantry dis- played by the troops under hira, reflect great honour upon them, and demand my warmest acknow- ledgments ; and I have to request your Lordship will take a favom^ able opportiioity of bringing the meritorious and successful ser- vices performed by the troops ecD- ployeerfcc( UDanimityaod good nnder- ctandiog hai prevailed between (he naval and military brancba of the service, during the whole pro- gros of tldi expedition. I feel it my duty to express, in the strcHigeat termi, tbe great ob- Itgations I am under to rear Ad- miral Griffith, for hit judicioui ad- vice and ready co-operation on erery occaiioQj and my tbaoki are likewite due to all the captaloi of tbe shipi employed, for tbe ai- tiitance tbey have so willingly sffi>rded tbe troop§, and from which tbe bappietc results have bean experieuKd. I have reason to be well satis- fied with the gallantry and good conduct of the troops; and have fo offer my tbanlu to Major-Gen. Gosselin, Colooel Donglai, and Ibe commanding ofBcers of corps, for the alacrity shewn by Ihem, and the strict diicipline wMcb has been mainiained. To the heads of departments •nd to the officers of the general and of my personal staff, I am mocb indebted for the zealooi manner in which they have dis- charged tbeir respective duties. Major Addison, my miiitary se- eietary, will have the honour of delivering this dispatch. He bas baen with me during tbe whole of Aese operaiioni, and is well eua- Ued to afford your Lordibtpan^ fbrther information you may re- mure- I have rnlrusicd the co- bura and standard ukco from tbe WKBj to Mqor Addisoa. wbo wiU nve yoar Lordship's oomiOaildl pecting the further dispoaal a m, and I take tbe libertj'tf [»nmending him as a deserriiw receive yoar Lordship's oomiOaik respecting t" tbem, and rec(»nmendin^ officer to your Lordship's proWC- tion. I have, &c. (Signed) J. C. SBEBgaooKt, N. B. Tbe returns of kill«^ wounded, and missing, and of at' tilleiy and ordinance iioces taken, are enclosed. Seftemhtr i8. P. S. Tbe Martin sloop of war having been delayed, affords meaD opporinnity of informing your Lordship, that I have received t private commuoicar ion from Lioni. Colonel Pilkinston, acquaintji^ me that be bad landed at somf distance from Macchias on ll)e evening of tbe lotb instsnt, aii^ after a very difficult night's marcfa, that he bad taken possession c^ tbe fiirt, without loss, early tbe Twenty-four pieces of c of diflitrent calibres, fell into out bands oo this occasion, more than half of wbicb the enemy had ren- dered unserviceable. Brigadier-Gen. Brewer, #bo commanded the militia in this 4Ii- trict, and some other respect^t^e persons, bad sent a letter aa- dreised to Lieut. -Colonel Pilklnj- toB and Captain Parker, of wbioi the enclosed. No, 4, is a copy, aqa the next day was sppomie^ to receive these gentlemen, for the purpose of accepting tbe term^ therein offered. Lieut.-Cotood Pilkbgton says, that as soon l§ this is done be shall transmit npM bis official repgrl, w^icb I fdQ forward to your Lonilsbip b7 li" flhit us ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. first opportunity. The Lieutenant t^olonel further mentions the great Wistance he received from Captain Parker, of the royal navy, and the naval forces employed under him -, and 8ays> that the conduct of the troops is d&serving of great praise. I have great pleasure in con- gratulating your Lordship upon the whole of the country between Penobscot river and Passaroa- quoddy Bay being now in our possession. (Signed) J. C. SUBRBROOKE. (Inclosure No. i .) Bangor, on the Pemiscot River, Sept, 8, 1814. Sir, — In compliance with your Excellency's orders of the ist in- Btapt, I smled from Casttne with the detachment of royal artil- lery^ the flank companies of the 29tb« 62d, and 89th regiments, and one rifle company of the 7th battalion 60th regiment, which composed the force your Excel- lency did me the honour to place under my command, for the pur- pose of co-operating with Captain 3arrie, of the royal navy, in an expedition op this river. On the merning of the 2d, having proceeded above the town of Frankfort, we discovered some of the enemy on their march to- wards Hamden, by the eastern 9hore, which induced me to order Brevet Major Croasdalc, with a detachment of the 98th, and some , riflemen of the 6oth regiment, under Lieutenant Wallace, to land and intercept them, which was accomplished, and that detach- ment of the enemy (as I have since }earned> were prevented from joint- ing the main bo4y assembled at Hamden. On this occasion the enemy had one man killed, and some wounded. Major Croasdaile re-embarked without any loss. We arrived off Bald Head Cove, three miles distant from Hamden, about five o'clock that evening, when Captain Barrie agreed with me in determining to land the troops immediately. Having dis- covered that the enemy's picqneta were advantageously posted on the north side of the Cove, I directed Brevet Major Riddle, with the grenadiers of the 62d, and Captain Ward, with the rifle company of the 6oth, to dislodge them, and take up that ground, which duty was performed under Major Rid- dle's directions, in a most com- plete and satisfactory manner by about seven o'clock ; and before ten at night, the whole of (he troops, including eighty marines under Captain Carter, (whom Captain Barrie had done me the honour to attach to my cotnmand), were landed and bivouacqued for the night, during which it rained incessantly. We got under arms at five o'clock this morning -, the rifle company fonnint; the ad- vance under Captain Ward j Brevet Major Keith, with the light com- pany of the 6 2d, bringing up the rear 5 and the detachment of ma- rines under Captain Carter moving upon my flanks, while Captain Barrie, with the ships and gun- boats under his command, ad- vanced at the s^me time up the river, on my right, towards Ham- den. In addition to the detach- ment of royal artillery under Lieutenant G^rston, Capt. Barrio had landed one 6-poonder, a sij( and balMoch howitzer^ and a rocket APPENDIX TO CHSONICLE. 5i49 rocket apparatiu, with ■ detadi- mem of sailors uDder Liemenaata SytaoDdi, Botely.'and SUde, and Mr. Sparling, maiter of bi« Ma- jesty's ship Bulwatk. The fog was so thick, it was ixnpotsibte to form a correct idea of tbe featuret of the couniiy, or to recoQDOLire the etiemy, whose number were reported to be four- iren hundred, under the command of Btigadier-General Blaltc. Be- tweeo seven and eight o'clock, our skirmishen in advance were so sharply aogaged with the enemy, as lo induce me to send forward one half of ibe light company of the :9lh regiment under Captain Coaker, to iheir support. Th^ column bad not advanced much further before I discovered the enemy drnwn out in a linr, occu- pying a TCry sirong and advanta- geous pmilion in front of the town of Hamden, his left flanked by a high hill commanding the road and river, on which were mounted several heavy pieces of cnnnon ; bis right extending con- siderably beyond oor lefi, retting upon a strong point d'appni, with an i8-pounder and some light field-pieces in advance of his cen- tre, so pointed as completely to rake the road, and a narrow bridge at the foot of a hill, by which we wtreobrged I o advance upon his position. As soon as be per- ceived our column approaching, he opened a very heavy and con- tinued fire of giape and mufketry upon us J we, however, soon crossed the biidgc, deployed, and charged up the hill to get pos- acsgion of his guns, one ^ which we found bad already fallen into the hands of Captain Ward'« rifle- men in adraDce. ' The enetnyr' fire now began to slacken, and- we pushed on rapidly, and .iiic- ceeded in driving him at all point! from bis position ; while Captdn Coaker, with the light company of I be 3 9 til, had gained possession of the bill on his left, from wheim it was discovered that the Adirnr frigate was on lire, and that tbv enemy had deserted the batterjr which defended her. We were now in complete pot- session of tlie enemy's position above, and Captain Barrie, wHh the gun-boats, had senircd that below the hill. Upon this occa- sion twenty pieces of cannon fell into our bands of the naval and military force, the return of which 1 enclose; after which Captdin Barrie and myself determined OQ pursuing the enemy towurds Ban- gor, which place we reached wiibout opposiiton 1 and hen » brass 3-pounders, and 3 stand of colours, fell into onr possession. Brigadier General Blake, alto in this town, surrendered hionielf prisoner, and with other prisonen, to the amount of 121, were ad- miiied to their paroles. Eighty priaoners (nkcn at Hamden are in onr cuilody. Tbe toss sustained by the enemy I have not had it in my power correctly to ascertain | reports slates it lo be from 30 to 40 in killed, wounded, and mill iog. Our own lost, I am happy Is add, is biit small, viz. one rank and file killed ; one captain, sevea rank and file, wounded ) one rank and file missing. Capiaio GeU^ of the 39tb, was wounded wboii leading tbe cdiimD, which d^ privod me of bif active and unfm auiilanco} 150 ANNUAL REGII^TER^ 1814. aiiistaQce; but, I am happy to tdd, he is recovering. I have» &c. (Signed) Hbnrt John, Lioat.-Col. Adnaralty office, Oct, 8. Captain Senhoase, of his Ma- jesty*! sloop the Martin, has ar- rived this afternoon at this office, faringing a dispatch from Rear Ad- mirnl Griffith, addressed to John Wilson Croker, Esq. of which, and of its enclotures, the following are copies : — His Majesty's slap Endy^ mion, vff Castine, «i- trance of the Penobscot River, Sept, 9, 18 14. Sir, — My letter of the a3d of August, from Halite, by the Ro- ver, will have made you acquainted with my intention of accompany- iog the expedition then about to eoceeii under the command of s Excellency Sir John Sher-> krooke, K. B. for this place. 1 have now the honour to in- form you, that I put to sea on the a6th ultimo, with the ships and •kx^ named in the margin, and ten sail of transports, having the troops on board, and arriv^ off die Metinicus Islands on the morn- ing of the 31st, where I was joined by the Bulwark, Tenedos, Aifleman, Peruvian, and Picton. From Captain Pcarce, of the Rifle- man, I learned, that the United States frigate Adams had a few days before got into Penobscot ; but not considering bei^self in safety there had gone on to Ham- dcn, a. place twenty-seven miles Ugbor up the river, where her (tttt Ymi bm haded^ and a po* sition was fbrtii)iiiig Ibr her pro-< toction. Towards oveRtog the wind be- ing fair and the weather 6voura- ble, the fleet made sail op the Pe- nobscot Bay, Captain Ih^ker, in the Tenedos, leading. We passed be- tween the Metinicos and Green Islands about mrdnight, and steer- ing through the channel formed by the Fox Islands and Owl's Head, ran np to the eastward of Long Island, and found oonelves at (hy-)ight in the morning in sight of the fort and town of Gas- tSne. As we approached, some show of resistance was made, and a few shot Were fired; but the fort was soon after abandoned and blown np. At about eight a. ro. the men of war and transports were anchored a little to the north* ward of the peninsula of Castine^ and the smaller vessels taking a station nearer in for covering the landing, the troops were put on shore, and took possession of the town and works without oppo- sition. The Greneral wishing to occupy a post at Belfast, on the western side of the bay, (through which the high road from Boston runs), for the purpose of cutting oflf all communication with that side of the country, the Bacchante and Rifleman were detached with the troops destined for this servicep and quiet possession was taken, and held, of that town, as long as was thought necessary. Arrangements were immedi- ately made for attacking the firi- gate at Hamden, and the Gene* ral having profiered ev€ry military asststance, six hundred picked men under tlie command of Lieiif .« Colonel APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 3Si Colcoel JoliD, of the 6oth regi- by thii time, die troopi are in pass ment were embarked the lame lesiioaofjt After destroTing tbe afterDOOD, on board his Majeity't defences tbcj arc directed to re> ■loops Peruvian and Sf Iph, and a tarn here. small iraDsport. To this force The inhabitants of wveral Iowa* were added the marine* of the ships east of this have sent de- Dragon, and ai many armed boats putations here to tender their Eob- from the sqnadroD as was thought mission to ibe British authority j nccenary for disembarking the and such of them as conid giv* troops and corering their landing, reasonable security that their arma aiid the whole placed under the would be used only for the pro- commaod of Captain Bairie, of lection of their persons and pro* the Dragon) and the Lieut-Co), perty, have been allowed to re- made sail up the river at 6 o'clock tain them. This indulgence wtt that evening. absolutely necessary iii order to I have the honour to encloae secure the quiet and unoffrndiog -Captain Bariie's account of bli wainst violence and outrage from pYoceedinga ; aod taking into con- their less peaceable neighbours, ■Ideration the enemy's force, and and for the maintenance of tbo the formidable itrength of his po- peace and tranquillity of tbe Klion, too much praise cannot be country. All property o'i shore, gjven him, tbe officers aud men bona ^de belonging to the inbabi- Dtider his command, foribejudg- tants of the country in our po>> tiient, dediion and gallantly with lession. has been respected. All which this little enterprise has public properEj', and all proper^ been achieved. afloat, has been confiscated. So soon as accounts were re- Sir John Sberbrooke conceiv- ceived from Captain Barrle that ing it to be of importance that the the Adams was destroyed, and tbe Government should be informedj force assembled for her protection without delay, of our succeiaei dispersed, ihe troops stationed at here, has requested that a vessdof Belfast were embarked, and ar- war may take his dispatches to rangements made for sending tbem ^England. to take possession of Macchiasj the I have, in compliance with hia only place occupied by the enemy's wishes, appropriated the Martin troops between this and Passania- for that service, and Captain Sei>- qooddy Say. I direi:led Captain house Vill take a copy of thii Parker, of his Majesty's ship Te- letter to the Secretary Gblonel Pilkinglon, Deputy Ad- Sec. Enw. Griffith. jntant-Genenil, who is appointed To Vice-Admiral the Hod. to command, and a small detach- Sir Alexander Cocbrancj ment of artillery and riflemen, and K, B. 3cc. &c. Sec. to take under bis command tbe Baccfaante, Rifleman, and J^ctoa His Mt^tttrft Sloop Sglpi^ acbocner, and proceed to the at- tiff Bangor, in lit Pt- tack e€ that place. He sailed on nehicol, Stpi. $, 1&14. the (itb inAant, and mtxt likeljr. Sir, — Having reccind on bo^d tlw Q6Q ANNUAL REGISTER, 1.814. the ships named in the margin, a detachment of twenty men of the royal artillery, with one five and half-inch howitzer, commanded by Lieut. Garston ; a party of eighty marines, commanded by Captain Carter, of the Dragon ; the flank companies of the 29th, 6 2d, and 98th regiincnts, under the com- mand of Captains Gel I and Coaker, Majors Riddel, Keith, and Croas- daife, and Captain M'Pherson ; also a rifle company of the 7th battalion of the 6oth regiment, commanded by Captain Wzcd; and the whole under the orders of Lieut. -Colonel John, of the 60th regiment ; I proceeded agreeably to your order, with the utmost dispatch, up the Penobscot. Light variable winds, a most intricate channel, of which we were per- fectly ignorant, and thick foggy weather, prevented my arriving off Frankfort before two p. m.of the 2d inst. Here Colonel John and myself thought it advisable to send a message to the inhabitants; and having received their answer, we pushed on towards Hamden, where we received intelligence that the enemy had strongly forti- fied himbclf. On our way up, se wards of thirty lay wounded in the woods. I have the honour to be, &c. RoBBST BtRBia, Captain of his Majesty's ship Dragon. (Capitolatiok.) ^1^4 ANN'UAJt' R£P:^BiX TO GHB<»^ICLE: i6i Willi ■ bowiOd, the baUaltoD compaaiet of tbe a^lb regiment, aad a patty of the 7th battalion 6otfa foot, on tbc morning of ibe Qlh iniUDt, and arrived at Hueks llatbouT, aboat ten railca from ihii place, on tbe following ercDinff. At tbe enemy fired several alarm EuDi OD our approacbi ng (be fibore, It wat evident he waa apprebeo- aive of an attack i I therefore (teeoiMl it expedient to diiembatk the troopi with as little delay u pouible i aod Captain Hyde Par- ker, comroanding the naval force, appointed Captain Stanfell 'to gu- perinlend tbu duty, and it was executed by that officer with tbe utEDoat promplilude and deciaioD. Upon reaching the &hore, I ai- cettaiiied tt^t there waa only a pathway through tbe woodt by which we could advance and take- Tort O'Brien, aiul the battery io leverae; and at ihegtuu of these worica commanded the poasage of tbe river upon which ibe town it aiiuated, I decided upon pouniii^ ouraelvci of them, if practicable, during the night. We moved rorward at 10 o'clock p. ID. aod after a moat tcdiout aud baraaiiiig march, only aitivedoear to tbe fort at break of day, al- though the distance doea not ex- ceed 5ve miles. The advanced guard, which con&iated of iwo companies of the 39th regimenl, srwl a delachment of riflemen of tbe 60th regiment, imdet Major Todd, of the former corps, iatmediatcly drove in the eBemy'* picquets, and upon pur- suing lam cloGCly, found the fort bad beeo evacuated, leaving their coloun, about five minutes before we eutcted it. Withia it, and, the bftttei;, there are two a4-pount{- itn, tluM iS-poaaden, severe diaiBouated/ {uw> and a block- home. Tbe party which eictp- ed amounted to about tevea- ty men of tbe 4otb r^imeat of Americau infantry, and thirty of ' the embodied miliiia; tbe retreat was so rapid, that I was oot ena- bled to take anypriaooers. luoder* stand there were a few wounded, but tbey secreted tbcnuelves in tbe woodt. Having aecured the fort, we l«»t no time in advancing upon Ma< cfaiat, which was taken withoQt any resistance j aitd alto two field- pieces. The boattof the squadron ooder the command of Lieutenant Boa- cbler of the royal navy, and tbe royal marioes under lieutenant Welchman, were detached to the eaatern side of tbe river, and were of ettenlial service in taking two field-piece) in tbaC quarter. Notwilhuanding that the miU- tia were not aaierabled to any at- tent to tbe vtonity of the town, I wat making the neceatary ar- rangeoaeota to advance into (be ioterior of the country, wben^I received a letter from Brigadier- General Brewer, cummaading the district, wherein be engagca that ' tbe militia forcei within the oounty of Washington shall not bear anni or in any way Krve agrioft bis firilannie Majesty durioe the pre- sent war. A siinilar ofi^ having been made by the civil officrnuid principal citizens of the Gonnty, a oesMtiu) of aront waa agveed upon, and the county of Woahingtoa bu passed under the dominion of bis Britannic Majesty. I beg leave to coogratolate yoa upon ihe importance of Ihia acces- sion of territory which bat been wrested from the enemy : it ein- bracei about one bundled miles of 8;;6 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1«14. sea- coast, and indndrs that inter- mediate tract of country which separates the province of New Bnmswick from Lower Canada. Wc have taken twenty-six pieces of ordnance, servicrable and unser- viceable, with a proportion of arms 'and ammanitjon, returns of which Are enclosed ; and I have the pleas- ing satisfaction to add, that this service has been effected without ' the loss of a man on onr part. I cannot refrain from express- ing, in the strongest nranner, the Admirable steadiness and good con- duct of the 29th regiment, under " if ajor Hodge. The advance, un- ' dcr Major Todd, are also entitled ■ to my warmest thanks. ' A detachment of thirty sfamen firom his Majesty's ship Bacchante, ' under Mr. Bruce, master's mate, *• were attached to the royal artillery under the command of Lieutenant I>aniel], of that corps, for thepur- ' pose of dragging the howitzer, as no other means could be procured ' to bring it forward ; and to their ' unwearied exertions, and the judi- cious arrangement of Lieutenant Daniel], I am indebted for having a five and a half inch howitzer conveyed through a country the most difficult of access I ever wit- nessed. To Captain Parker, of his Ma- jesty's ship Tenedos, who com- . manded the squadron, I feel every obligation ; and I can assure you the most cordial understanding has subsisted between the two branches • of the service. I have the honour to be, &c. A. PiLKiNGTov, Lieut.-Col. Deputv Adjutant Gen. To Lieut. Gen. Sir J. C. Sher- brooke^ K. B« kc. COLOHIAL DBPAKTMSNT. Douming'Street, Nw, j&. Extract of a dispatch from Lieu- tenant General Sir George Prc- vost, Bart, to Earl Batburst, dated head-qnarters, Alonireal, Sept, 30, 1814* I have the honour to transmit to your Lordship the enclosed copy of a dispatch 1 have received from Lieut. General Dromraond, re- })orting the result of a sortie made by the enemy, with a large pro- portion of hb force from Fort Erie, on the 17th inst. in which the very superior numbers of the American army were at length repulsed with great loss, by the intrepid valour and determined bravtry of the di- vision of troops under the Lieute- nant General's command. A copy of Major General De Watteville's report, and the return of killed, wounded, and missing, on the oc- casion, are annexed ; and although in this aflair we have sufiered a considerable loss, it will be satis- factory to your Lordship to learn that Lieutenant Gen. Drummond represents the conduct and spirit displayed by the officers and men engaged as deserving of his highest commendation. Extract of a letter firora Lieute- nant Greneral Drummond to Lieutenant G^eral Sir G. Pre- vost, dated, Camf brfore Fort ^rie, Sept. 19, 1814. My letter to your Excdlency of the. X 7th gave a short account of the result of an attack msde by the enemy oil my batteries and position .APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. &37 pfijilion on that iaj. I hav.e now the honour to transmit 9 copy of Jfajgr General De Watlevilje's «- pon, together with a reliiro of killed, wuuimM, aad tnisiing, on that occasion. To ibe information whid!) your Excelleiicjr will deiive from those documents, 1 bave to add, iliat as luon .IS the tiring was heard I pro- ceeded towards the advance, and found llie troops bad tnovfd from camp, and the Boyali and SglU bad been pusbed by Major Gene- ral De Watievillc into the wood on i!ic right towards No, 3 bat- tery, and that (he Sid wat niming tothe support of the baneriei on ■Ibelrft. At ibis moment it was reported lo rae that the enemy had eained posieision of the batteries Mo. 2 and 3, and that our \rafablad tUo guns in No. 3 battery and explod- ed itsmigazine. The enenydU not again attempt to make aManil, but Tctre3ti:\l in g^eat disord^ ft) tbli-fort, and w:i.s folloucd byoih: troops to the glacis of t-he place. .1 To Major General Dc WalP*. ville's report I must refer your Ex- cellency for the eansf of the ens^ my'f succras in the fir^i instancft^ viz. tlic overwhelming nnmterwf the enemy, tow.hich we had ortfy the King's and De Wait^ville'e iW- giuienls to oppose. The spirit which ihf . trnops displayi'd in aD the aob-equrnt opprations ileservM the higlirat commendations, at(i entitle* fhcm 10 my uaimcit i^ p'obatinn. I have only to re^nt that the scene nf action (a thidt wood) uas to unl.iviiurablc to ihl^ display of the valual>1e qualitiea which are inherent in Britiih troop*- The charge martp by the 83d reaimeni under Msjor Proctor, and deiacbmtnis of ilie f'th under Major Taylor, kd to ihe recovery of the baiirry Nu. j. and very much decided the pircipitile retro- grade movement made by the ene- my from ihedittcreiit points of oor position, of which ht had gained a abort possession. ' Major General Du Watleville re^ ports mo't favourably of the stea« dinrss fvincfd"bythe ist Battalion Royal Scots, under Ueutenaut Co- lonel Gordon (commanding tit brigade), and tiic lemains of tliit 2d battalion 89111, under Capl^n Ba»deii. I myself witnessed lh« good order and spirit with which £58 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. the Glengarry light infantry, under Lieutenant Cdonel Battersby, pushed into the wood, and by their •Qperior lire drove back the ene- my's light troops. Lieut. Colonel •Penrson, Inspecting Field Officer, accompanied this patt of his dtmi- brigade, and I am sorry to say, re- ceived a severe, though I hope not « dangerous wound. To Major General Dc Walieville, who com- manded in camp, and by whom .ihc first directioos were given and -arrangements made, I am under '-frreet obligations for the judgment .jifsplayrd by him, and for his zeal and exertions during the action. — My acknowledgments are also due ta Major General Sloviu, who ar- rtred at my head quarters a few liours before the attack, for the as- raistance I received from him. I iCBDnot safficiently appreciate the iraHoable assistance which 1 have received from Col. Myers, Deputy Quarter Master General, and Lieu- tenant Colonel Harvey, Deputy Adjutant General, during the pre- sent service, and which have been ^f the more importance, as, from inyown state of health of late (in consequence of my wound), I ha\'e not been able to use those active CKcrtions which I otherwise might. I avail myself of this opportunity of again expressing my sincere -concern at the loss which this di- vision of the army sustained, by ihe accident which deprived it of the services of Major General Cou- nui, from whose energy and abi- lity much was justly to be expect- ed. To Major (ylegg, Assistant Adjutant General; to Captains Chambers and Powell, Deputy As- aiyants Quarter Master General ; to Captaiu Foster, Military Secre- tary^ Lieutcnaut Cobud Hager« nian. Provincial Aide de Camp, and to Lieutenant Nesfield, 89111 regiment, acting Aide de Camp, who have rendered me every as- sistance in their respective situa- tions, my best acknowledgements are dae ; they are likewise due to Major D* Alton, Brigade Major, with the right division, for his uni- form correctness, zeal^ and atten- tion to his duty. lo Lieutenant Colonel Camp- bell, of tlie 6th regiment, I am also much indebted, as well in his capacity of Commanding Ofli- cer of that excellent corps, as in that of senior officer of the reserve of this divibion. Colonel Fischer, of Dc Watlevi lie's regiment, and Lieutenant Colonel Ogilvie, of the King's, are entitled to my thanks. The zeal and exertions of Major Phillot, commanding the Royal Artillery 5 Captains Walker ami Sabine, and the officers and men of that corps, have been unremitting, and merit ever)* commendation. I have reason to be pleased with tiic activity and zeal which Major Lisle, and the officers and men of the squadron of the 19th light dra- goons, have uniformly displayed. The enemy, it is now ascertain- ed, made the sortie with his wholt* force, which, including the militia volunteers by which he has lately been joined, could not consist of less than five thousand. About two hundred prisoners (ell into our bands, and I cannot estimate the enemy's loss in killed and wound- ed at less than that number. The dreadful state of the road< and of the weather, it havingpoured with rain almost incessantly for the last ton days, renders every move- ment of ordnance or heavy stores exceedingly difficult By great exertions •APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 2J9 ■nutrliont the commanding artillery lupport, composed of the Royal «fltcerhaa swcceeded in moving the Scots, the 8id, and 9th regimecta, battery guns and mortars, with under Lieutenant Colonel Gordon, their stores, B:c, lowardi the Chip- received orders to march forward ; pawa, to which place I mean to and also the light demi-brigado, withdraw them for the present. under Lieutenant Colonel Pearson; the 6th reginent remaining in re- Camf, iffore Fori Erir, sene, wndoi Licntenant Cotonel Sept. ig, ]814. Campbell. From the Concession- Sir,— I have the honour to re-' road, the Royal Scott, with tbs prut toyou, that the enemy attack- 891)1 as support, moved by the id, on the I7lh in the afternoon. New-road, and met the eneny et three o'clock, our poxiiina before nrnr the block-house, on the right Port Erie, the second brigade, un- of N^o. 3 battel;, nham the^ efl* der Colonel Fischer, composed of pged, and by their steady and in- the 8ih and De Watteville's regi- trepid conduct checked hit fiir- ments, being on duty. thcr progress. The Sad regiment. Undercover of a heavy tire of and threeoempeniesof the6th rc- his artillery from Fort Erie, and giment were detached to the left, much favoured by the iinture of the in order tosupportNo. 1 and2bat>i ground, and also by the state of tcries : the enemy having at ibtac the weather, (he rain failing in tor- time possesaioa of No. 2 battery, rents at the momeiH of Ais ap- and still pushing forward seven proach, the enemy succeeded in companiesof the 63d, uader Major turning the right of our line of Proctor, and the ihrae cotppanies ptcqnctE without being perceived, of the fith, under Major Taylor, and \vit4i a very considerable force received direciioni to oppose the attacked both thepictjueiB, andsup- enemy's forces, and immediately port in iheir flanks and rear; at the charged them with the most intre- same lime another of the enemy's pid bciveiy, drivjog tbero back columns attacked in front the pic- across our entrenchpoents, and aUo <]uel3 between No 2 and No. 3 bat- from No. 2 battery, thereby pre- leries, and having succeeded in pe- venting their destroying it, or da- netraiing by No. 4picquet, partof maging its guni in a considerable his force turned to bis left, and drgree ; Lieutenant Colonel Pear- theret^ surrounded our right, and son, with the Glengarry iight in* got almost immediate possession of faniry, under Lieutenant Colonel No. 3 battery. Tiic eiieniy then Battersby, pushed forward by tb« dirccKd his attacks wiih a :it;ry centre road, attacked and carried •uperior force towards No, 3 bat- with great gallantry jhe naw in*- lery, hut the obstinate resistance trerchment tbea ip fuU possession RiBdc-^y the pictjuets, under ^very of the enemy. (XKsible dindvautagc, delayeiLcoa- The enemy being thus repulsed siderably hii getting possesion of at every point, was forced to retire No. a battery, in which, however, with preci[Htauon to their works, Ite at last succeeded. leaving prisoners and a aumbers of As soon as the alarm was given, their wounded in our hait^i- ^y iik LSt brigade bi-ing the next for live o'clock the intreiichmenti Btfo ANNUAL REGISTER, ISW. were again occupiert, and tlic line ot' pkquelj eataUislieU at it bnd bttD pifiviom 10 the rneniy'd attack . J hflve the honour lo enclose a return of c^isuailies, and the report ftf ibe officer commanding the Hoyai Ariillery, rfspecting the da- DUgedone to the ardiiauc:« and llic batteria, during ihc time ibcy were in ihc enemy's possession. I have. Sic. L.DBWAXTrviLLE.MjjorGen. Beturn of easuaU'iet of ike Bight Din'ukn of the jiimy, in aelion \vith the Enemy, Camp l-cfore Fori Erie, Sift. 17,1814. General Total — 1 captain, 2 lieatenantx, 7 Serjeants, 105 rank and 61c, killed ; 3 lietiienaat colo- nels, 3 captains, 10 lituicnants, 1 cntigD, 13 Bccjeaiiis, I drummrr, 147 r.ink and file, wontided ; 2 n^joTB, 4. captains, 3 lieutenants, 3 entlgos I adjutant, 1 assibtant- turgcon, at spfjfaiit'i, 1 drummers, 380 rank und tile missing. EtIrMt fif a Lclttr Jnm Sit G. Prtvoil lo Karl BalAant, Jatcd Head-r/narleTS, Montreal, October 4., 1S14. I hiive the honoiir to transmit to your Lordship the enclosed extract oi' a letter [ have just received from Lieut. Gen. Druinuiond: — 'Extract of a Letter from Lieut.- Genrral Druwimond to hit Ex- cdUncy Lieut.-Gen. Sir Georgt PrevOft, dated Dittrict Head-tfuanen, Falii of Niagara, Beft. 34. The troopi feti back at B o'clock on the evening of the 31st to th<* position alluded to in my letter of that date, and bivouacked for the night under torrenrs of raio. Soon after daylight on the aid the ene- my discovered our movements, and piishfid o'lt his pictjnets posteil on the plaiu oppotiic lilack Itock, and immediately reirciiied, atici ex.- changing a few shots, wiitiout at- tempting to molest ihcm. Having wailed until two o'clock, (aa well for the purpose of giving battle t« the enemy should he have ventur- ed out, 31 of giving time for the movement of all incumbrances be- hind the Black Creek,) I ordered the troops lo retire across French- mnn's Creek, and the bridge oxer llwt creek to be destroyed, A ca- valry pictjiiet was left lo watch this brigade ; and the troops then proceeded to take up tberr canton- ments. The whole of the move- meutshns this day bet n completed ; and the troops ere now in com- fortable i;uarters, where it is my intention lo give ihein a few day^' rqwsc. FoTei^n Office, Dec. 36, 1814 Mr. Baker anived this afterooon at this Office, with a Treaty of Peace and Air.ity between hit Ma- jesty and tbeUnited Slates of Ame- riM, signed at Ghent, on the atth instant, by Admiral Lord Gam- bier, Henry Gnuibum, F.iq. and Williams Adams, Esq. D. D. L. Pteoipoteniiaries of hit Majesty) and by Jeimrnt to ten battalions, by enlistment of foreigners. An S6'a ANNUAL REGISTER, iai4. An act for giving effect to cer- tain engagements of his Majesty with the emperor of all the Hus- tlas and the king of Prussia, for iurtikhlDg a part o£ tke pecuniary iu jesly, for the more effectual admi- ntslration of the office of a justtcfl of the peace, in such parts of the counties of Middlesex and Surrey as lie in and near the melropoKi j and for making other provisiom in lieu thereof i and to continue in force until the 1st duy of June, 1820, and from thence until iho expiration of six weeks from the commencement of the then neM session of parliament. An act for allowing a certua proportion of the London militia to enlist Into ihe regular forces ior Ihe vigorous prosecution of the war ; also, a certain proportion to enlist annually into the regular forces) and for compleUng the said mlliila. An act for raising the sum of 5,000.00c/. by exchequer bills, Jur the service of Great Britain, for the year 1814. An act to remove doubts respect- ing the payment of drawback on the exportation of French wine in certain cases. An act 10 continue, until the lit day of July, 1814, an act made In the 49th year of his present Ma- jesty's reign, to suspend the irapoS" talion of British or Irish-made spi- rits into Great Britain and Irfllaod respectively. An act to repeal an act of ibe 264 ANNUAL REGISTER, 18U. cad year of his present Majesty, for the punishment of persons de- Vtroying stocking or lace frames, or any articles in such frames, and to make other provisions instead thereof. An act to vest in trustees cer- tain messuages, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, for extending the present lines and works, and for erecting other works and build- togs at and near Portsmouth and Hilsea, in the county of South- ampton. An act to continue, until the aoth day of May, 1814, an act ptased in this session of parlia- ment, intituled an act to stay, un- til th- 2olh day of April, 1814, proceedings in actions, under an act passed in the 43d year of his present Majesty, to amend the laws relating to spiritual persons. An act to continue the period for purchasing tJie legal quays in the port of London. An act for altering the period daring which writs of assistance shall remain in force. An act to continue, until the 25th day of March, 1817, an act of the 5 2d year of his present Ma- jesty, to r^gulite the separation of dalnag^'cl from sound cnfl^ce, and to permit dealer** to send out any quantity of coffee not exceeding eight pounds weighty without per- mit. An act to revive and make per- petual certain acts for consolidal- iog and extending the several laws in force, for allowing the importa- tion and exportation of certain ar- ticles into and from certain ports in the West Indies. An act to revive and continoe> until the expiration of nine months after the conclusion of the war with the United States of Ame- rica, an act made in the last ses- sion of parliament, to atithorize the importation and exportation of certain articles into and from the West Indies, South America, and Newfoundland. An act to amend so much of an act of his present Majesty, for re- pealing the several duties of cus- toms, and granting other dotics in lieu thereof, as relates to the duties payable on salt exported. An act to revive and further con- tinue until nine months after the conclusion of the present war, an act of the 7th year of king George II, for the free importation of co- chineal and indigo. An act to revive and continue, during the continuance of any act imposing any restriction on the governor and company of the bank of England, with respect to pay- ments in cash, an act of the 52d year of his present Majesty, for making more effectual provision for preventing the current gold coin of the realm from being paid or accepted for a greater value than the current value of such coin; and for otlier purposes therein men- tioned. An act to enable the commis- sioners of his Majesty's treasury to issue exchequer bills, on the credit of such aids or supplies as have been or shall be granted by par- liament for the service of Great Britain for the year 1814. An act to discontinue proceed- ings in certain actions already com- menced, and to prevent vexatious suits against spiritual persons, un- der an act passed in the 43d year of his present Majesty 5 and fur- ther APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 363 iiier to continDC, until the soth 43y o( Jaiy, 1814, an act of the present session of parlianient, for (laying proceedings under the said An act for fixing ibe rates of subsistence to be paid to inn-keep- crsandoihersonqiiarieringsi.tdierB, An act 10 amend and render ■10(6 cHrciual an act of*is prc- s-^nt Majcstv, for encouraging the lire of inakitig new models and casti of buarsi, and oiher things therein mrntioncd ; and forgiving further encourage men I to such An act to repeal the schedule annexed loan aci of the 45th year «f his present Majesty, by which ibe .Ir^whacks and bounties on sugarr^iuirtcd are to be ascertain- ed, and -.ub-tiiuiing another in lieu thrreot ; and to p-'miii the impor- iaiion of sugar, cofTc'c, and other articles, the produie of Martinique, Marie galaiiie, Saini Eustatia, Saint Martin, and Saba, under the to be exercised in any colony or plantation, now or at any time her** alter belonging to the crown of Great Britain, for any longer lerni than during such time as the gran- lee thereof, or person appointed thereto, shall discharge the dirtf thereof in person, and bcbave wA therein. An act fo amend several acts for erecting or esiablishiiig public iw- firmaries or hospitals, in Ireland, is far as relates to the sui^eons fli>d apothecaries of such infirmariet or hospitals. An act to amend several acts Bx enabling his Majesty's postmaster general of Ireland to purchase pre- niisft-i for the enlargement of the general post office in the city of Dublin. An act to continue, uolil the 5th day of July, 1B15, certain tempo- rary c r dull, of and regnlaliii articles of the Biitisli plantations, to coniioue until ibi: 5th day of April, iSrs- An act 10 coiitlnn^, during the present Imsiiliiii-s with ibe United States of America, an act of ibe 43d year of his present Majesty, for the belter protection of the trade of the united kingdom. An act to allow ^hips taken and condeniued fur being used in car- rying ou the >l.iv.; trade to be re- giiiiE-red as British built ships. An act for ihe belter preveiil- tng the embezzlement of his Majesty's corda;;e. An act tuame'id an act of the lid year ol his present Majesty, intituled an act to prevent ihe granting in fuiur'.'aiiy patent ofgce. the iinportation of goods, warei^ and merchandize in Great BritaiOh An act to repeal certain dutiw on French goods imported into Great Briiain, and on foreign hidai exported lo France, and to grant other duties on French goods m imported. An act (o repeal (be duties on teak-wood and other ship timber imported from the East Indies; and lo repeal so much of an act of the i9lh year of his late Majeit)', as exempts captains of vesaelt coming fium the East Indies, from penalties for having foreign-madk sails. An act to allow vitra voce ver- dicts Co be returned 10 the high courts and circuit courts of justi- ciar/of Scotland, in certain cases ; and for allowing appeals to the cir- cuit courts of jiisiicia:7, in cItU casts, lo a certain amount. An i66 ANNUAL REGISTER, l»f4. An act for the better regulation of ecclesiastical courts in Ireland ; and for the more easy rr covcry oif cborch rates and tithes. An act to permit the exportation of com^ grain, meal, malt, and iSour, from any part of the united kingdom, without payment of duty, or receiving of bounty. An act for the further improve- ment of the land revenue of the crown. An act to revive and continue, until the 5th day of July, 1819, the manufacture of Maidstone ge- neva. An act for permitting a trade between the United Provinces and certain colonies now in his Ma- jesty's possession. An act to continue, until the 5th day of July, 1815, certain ad- ditional duties of excise in Great Britain. An act for granting to his Ma- jesty a sum of money to be raised by lotteries. An act for raising the sum of 1,716,666/. 135. 40?. Irish currency, by treasury bills, ifor tlie service of Ireland, for the year 1814. An act for raising the sum of 14,000,000/, by way of annui- ties. An act to amend an act of the 53d year of his present Majesty, for repealing the duties payable on the importation of wine, the produce of the Cape of Good Hope, and its dependencies, and charging other duties in lieu thereof. An act to repeal so much of an act passed in the 9th and lotb year of the reign of King- William the 3d, and of another act passed in the 28th year of his present Ma- jesty, as respects the removal of wool, within a certain distance of the sea. An act for raisin:; the sum of 6,000,000/. by exchequer bills, for the service of Great Britain^ for the year 181 4. An act for raising the sum of 1,500,000/. by exchequer bills, for the service of Great Britain, for the year 1814. An act to continue, until the 5lh day of July, 1815, and to amend several acts for granting certain rates and duties, and for allowing certain drawbacks and bounties on goods, wares, andmer-< chandize, imported into and ex- ported from Ireland, and to grant until the said 5 th day of July, 1815, certain new duties on the importa- tion, and to allow drawbacks on the exportation of certain goods, wares, and mercliandize, into audi from Ireland, and to make further regulations for securing the collec- tion of the said duties. An act to grant his Majesty du- tiesupon auctions in Ireland, in lieu of former duties thereon, and to provide for the regulating and se- curing the collection of the said duties, and to prevent frauds therein. An act for the more effectual re- gulation of the receipts and issues of his Majesty's treasury, and for securing the due application of mo- ney coming into the hands of the public accountants in Ireland. An act for regulating the time of holding the Michaelmas quarter- sessions in England. An act for raising the sum of 3,000,000/. by way of annuities^ tor the service of Ireland. An act for regulating the pay- ment of army prize-mone}% an4 to provide for the payment of un- clainie4 APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 863r cUumcd and forfeiied sliatet tp Chelaea hospital. Ad act to grant duties of excite on cerlain sort* of {lass made in Ireland, and to gram and allow certaiu countervail iog duties and dtawbacki in rcipect thereof. An act to amend the several acts for regulating and lecuring the collection of the duties of Bpiiits dixtilledia Irclatid- An act (or the charge of ibe further addition to ihc public futid- ed debt of Great Britain, fo^ the service of the year 1814. An act to explain and extend aa act, passed in the 43d year of hia present Majeslr, iiicittiled an act for remedying defects id the law relative to the buildiog and repairing of cooiitj' bridges, and other works maiiplAined at the expense cf the inhabitants of counties in F.uglaad, and for eitecding the said act to bridges and other works maintained at the expense of bun- dred*. An act to amend so much of an act, parsed in the 43d year of her late Majesty queen Elizabeih, as concerns the time of appointing overseetB of the poor. An act to secure the payment of stamp duties on probatr^ and letters of administration J and on receipts for property obtained by legacy, or intestacy, in Ireland. An act for regulating the piy- mcnt of navy prize-money, and the iraiistniiiion of accounts and pay- ment of balances to Grcenwiclt hospital. An act to grant additional annuiT lies to judgrs of the courts of sea- son, justiciary, and exchequer, in Scotland, wbo had resigned their offices before tbelait au£m^tati.on of salariei granted to the judges ot An act to enable hh Majesty ta grant additionil annuities to the judges of the court of King's, bench, judges of the courts cf Common tleas and Exchequer, ia Ireland, on tbc resignation of thdv An act to amend an act, pnxd in the 5tb year of queen £lizabetht intitled an act coDbiining divers or- ders for artificers, labourers, ser* vantsof h Dsbandty, and apprentices. An act to continue until the iM. day of August, 181S, several laws relating to the duties on glass made in Great Britain; for granting an excise duty on common glass bot- tles imported ; and for the furtbei prevention of frauds in the exporta- tion of glass. An act to eii\{>ower the andiloc general of the accounts in Spaia and Portugal to examine accounts of public expenditure in Franca An act to continue, until the 2jth day of March, 1815, an act of the 44lh year of his present Ma- jesty, to continue the resttiction* contained in several acts of his pre- sent Majesty on payments of cash by the Bank of England. ' An act to repeal the ichedole annexed to an act of the 47 th year of his present Majesty, by which the drawbacks and b tUi S6S ANN UAL REGISTER, 1814. lS$h plantations ; to continue until the5tlidav of April, 1815. An act tor me raor*- effectual prevention of child-s'eiling. An act to continue^ until the end of the next session of parlia- ment, several acts relating to the British white herring fishery. An act to grant, until the loth dajof April, i8 19, certain duties CXI goods, wares^ and merchandize, inoported into Ireland, from any port or place within the limits of the charter granted to the united company of merchants of England trading to the East Indies ; and to establish further regulations for the better sccurhy of the revenue on goods so im]K)rted. An act for maintaining and keeping in repair certain roads and bridges made in Scotland; for the purpose of military communica- iion ; and for making more effec- . toal provision for maintaining and repairing roads made, and bridges built^ in Scotland, under the au- thority of the parliamentary com- missioners for Highland roads and bridges. An act to remove doubts as to the duties and taxes heretofore im- posed and levied under the autho- rity of the several governments in the East Indies. Au act to remove doubts as to the allowance of drawbacks upon bibles and books of prayer to the king's printers, under an act passed in the 34th year of his present Ma- jesty. An act to render valid certain indentures for the binding of pa- rish apprentices, and certificates of tlie aettlement of poor persons. An act to repeal two acts of the 30th and 3 ad years of King Charles the 7nd, for burying in woplh'n and for indemnifying per- sons against penalties for offences comn)ittcd against ihe snid acts. An act to amend an a't cf the I3ih year of bis present M jesty to explain, amend, and reduce into one act, the statutes now in force for the amendment and preserva- tion of the public highways within England, and for other purposes. An act toprevi nt the embezzle- ment of certain property belong- ing to the hospital for seamen at Greenwich, and to amend so ranch of an act of the pHrliameni of Ireland of the 33d year of his present Majesty as relates to pay- ments to out-pensioners of the said hospital residing in Ireland. An act to continue certain acts of the parliament of Ireland for preventing the importation of arms, gunpowder, and ammunition, and the making, removing, selling and keeping of gunpowder, arms, and ammunition without licence. An act for the further encou- ragement of fever hospitals iu Ire- land. An act to vest in his Majesty, his heirs, and successors, for ever, part of the ground and buildings now belonging to the society of King's Inn, Dublin, for the erecting thereon a repository for public re- cords in Ireland. An act to amecd an act, mnde in the last session of parliament, fur the relief of insolvent debtors it) Ireland. An act to amend art act of the parliament of Ireland, for prevent- ing the pernicious practice of burn- ing land, and for the more effectual destroying of vermin. An act to repeal the Hbvei^l laws APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. cdfl for FTCorery of unall loms due for w:iges, in Ireland; and to make other proviiium for recovery of such wagK*. An act to estend, as far as re- latex to ihe building of new church- es, an act of ihn parliament of Ire- land pagsed in ll)e 33d year of the leign of iiis la!e Majesry king (rcorge the 2d, iniitulrd an act for reviving and amending an act piuscd in Ihe 13d year of his prc- fcpni Miiji-ity's reign, intituled, 'in ' ad fiir amending, continuing, ' and making more efteclnal, the ' several acis now in force in ' thin kingdom, far the more easy ' recovery of lill)ei and otiwr on letters and packets, sent by the post within Ireland ; and to jjraiit other duiii's in lieu thereof. An act lo amend several act* re- lating to the revenue', matters- and thin)($ under the management of the of c port duties, and of the commis- sioners of inland excise and taxes in Ireland. An act to repeal the additional duties of excise on French wine imported, and of spirits exported from the warehouses i and auiho- riling the re-payment of the addi- tioHHl do!r in resiH;ct of French winesfound in dealers* stocKs ; 'and auiliorizing the commissioners of excise duties to repay or remit do* ' lies paid on liquors lost by acciden- tal staving before landing. An act to allrr the mode of de- claring thr value of goods impott- ed into or exported frocn Great An act to amend an act of the 3(>tb and 40th year of his present Mijesly, 10 prevent frauds ab4 abii'cs in tht; trade of hops. An act to permit the importa- tion of tobacco and snuff into tbA port of riymonth. An act to continue, until the end of I he next session of parliament^ an act made iti the 4Clb year of bit present Majesty, for [jermiiting the importation of masts, yards, bow- spiiits, and timber for naval par- pnces, from the British colonies fn North America. An act In alter and extend an act passed in the 8ih year of king ticorge the TBI. for relief of ship- wrecked mariners and distressed pprsons. being his M:iJMly's snb- ji'cts, in llic liingdom of Por- tugal. An act to permit theexporlation to fori-'ign parts from Scr>tland and Ireland of linen cloth vvithont stamps. An act to amend the several nets for regul.tting the Foundling Hospital in Dublin. An act 10 gram to his Majesty ratts and duties, and to allow drawbacks and bounties on certain goods, wares, and merc'nndiie, imported into, and exported from Ireland, in lieu of former rates and duties, drawbacks, and bounties. An act to continue, until threo months after the ceasing of any re- striction imposed on ilie bank eif England ftom issuing catb in pay- ment. firo ANNUAL REGISTEB, 1814. nient^ the severnl acts for confirm^- ment of creditors more equal and tag and continuiiig the restrictions expeditious in Scothmd. on payments in ca&h by the bank An act to enable the tn2stee& of Ireland. appointed by an act of the 49tU An act to provide for the better yesir-of his present Majesty, for the execMtion of the law in Ireland, by improvement ot the passage across Appointing superinteoding magi- the Frith ^of t^ortii, called the itrates and additional constables in Clueeci*t-ferry, to carry the sam€ counties in certain cases. into execution. An act to repeal the jduty paya- An ^ct to rectify a noistake in an ble i& krland on certaia houses act of this cession of parliament, or tenements* under the annual for raising the ^um of 24 milliMis vahie of ten pounds. by way of annuities. . An act for better enabling the An act to amend several acts «f commissioners of stamps to signs. . An act for the better regnlatiM of ihe conduct of the bosinesi of the office of works, and the espea- dilnre thereof. An act to trontinue, for one year, ceriain acit for the beiler prevea- lion and punishment of attempts to sedncc persons serving in bis Ala* jesty's lorces by sea or land from I heir duty and allegiance to his Ma- jesty, or lo incite ihcra to mutiny or disobedience. An act for the better regulation of the several ports, harbours, rgi4- sieads, sounds, channels, bays, and navigable rivtrs in the united king- dom, and of liis Majesty's docica, dock-yards, arsenals, wharfs, moor- ings, and stores therein, and for repealing several acts passed Ibr that purpose. An act lo enable his Majesty to settle an annuity upon her royal highness the Princess of Wales du- ring the joint lives of his Majesty and of her Itoyal Highness. An act for settling and sccurlirg an annuity on Arthur dukeof Wei- lington, and his heirs : and forem- poweringlhe Lord High Treasurer, or Lords Comtnissiooers of the I'rcastiry, to adtance out of the consolidated S72 ANNUAL KEGISTEIt, ^IflU. coniolidated fuod) of Great Biitain a lum of monej' in lieu of such aa- nultf 10 porcliaie an csiate, io or del to arcompany tbe lai'! liile, in coaai derail on of the eminent and ■ignal services performed by the still Doke of WeUingiuii, to his Mujcily and lu tbe [lublic ; and for making furllier provision for "(he disposal of n sum of moDi-y granted by an actofihe lastscsiion of parliament, fur purclia^'ag an •i^latc fur the said duke, then mar- qnli of Wellingioii. An act for *eull(ig and securing ■ti annuity on lord Bcresford, atiii tbe persons to wlioiii the title of lord Beresford shall descend, in coti- ■ideratjon of bis eminent services. An act for scilling and securing an annuity on lord Coaibcnnere, and the two next persons Io whom tbe title of lord Cumbenncre shall d»ccnd, in consideration of his eminent ser^'icis. An act for settling and securing an annuity on lord Exmouih, and (be persons Io whom the tide of lord Exmai^th shall descend, incon- i^^rttion fif UU eraiueni st-nici-s. ' j"TLn ajt for seliling and necoring .''''^nn annuity on lord Hill, and the Srs^ns to whom the tiiln of lord ill shall descend, in coubideration of his eminent services. Aa act for actiling and securing an annuity on lord Lytiedocb, and the persons to whom the t ilk of lord Lyncdocli shall descend, in consideration of bis eraiucnt scr- An act fcr applying a certain lum of money arinen, or to arise, from certain duties granted to his Majesiy during the continuance of the present war, and for applying certain monies therein mentioiied for tbe setrice of the year 1814 -, and for further apprnpriatiog thi- supplies granied id chit session ^f parliament, An ai:t to aniei'd the laws ic- apcciing rhe aiiesiation of inuru- mentK oi appoimmeDi aqd revoca- tion made iu exercise of cettaiu powers in deeds, wills, and other iiislrumenli. An act for making certain regu- huions rcspL-cting- ilie ponrage oi ship-letters, and of letters in Great Brirain. uance and regulation of ibe ;.oiir, and to make other provisionoiu rtr- lalion tlicteto. An act to empower 1 he commin- sioners of his Majesty '» Treasury to restoic seizures, or remit or mi- tigate fine*, penalties, or forf^- tures incurred, concerning any laws relating to the custom* or ex- cise, or navigation and trade ol Great Briiain. An act for repeal'ng [bo duller payable in Scotland upon dlstilleis wash, spirits, and licences, and for granting other duties in lieu thereof. An act to alter and amend cer- tain of the powers and provision^ of several acts parsed for ihe re- demption and iaie of the land tilx, and for making further provlsiot: for ihe rcdempiion thereof. An act for letting to farm the post-horse duiiis. An act to explain and amend several nets relating 10 spiritual pe:sons holding of farms, and for enforcing ihe rrsidence. of such perstms on their benefice in Eng- land, for one year, and from thence until six weeks after ihi^ meeting of tbe then next session of parliament. APPENDIX TO CnaONlCLi. «7S Ka let for defrijing tbe charge Ad act for the effectual examl^ t>f ibe paj and clothing of the lo- nation of accouoU of tbe Tcceipt cal militia ia Great Bciuin for the and expenditure of the colonial re- year 1814. TCfiaei in the itlandi of CC7IM, An act for i!e(ra7ing tbe charge MaaritiUs, Malta, Trinidad, and ia of tbe pay and clotbing of ttie the Ktitetoenti of the Caf9 of milLiia of Ireland, and for mak- Good Hope, for five yean. iug allowances in certain casea An act to allow a bounty on thb to BubalterD ofBcera of the taid mi- exportation from Great Britain of jitia during peace. firiiisb made cordage. Au act to continue lo much of An act for the more easy apprc^ an act, made in the 43d year of his bending and trying of offenders present Majesty's reign, for autho- escaping from one part of t£f rizing the billeiting and tubjeciidg united kingdom to the other, lo (nUilary discipline certain yea- An act to revise and continiie. isanry corps sod ofbcers of cavalry until tbe ist day of Jane, 1810, orinfantry, asrelatesto suchcorpi and lo amend several acts for the inlrelaod more eAeaual preventtoa erf' d^ An act to ameoJ an fct passed predations on tbe river Tliajnei in tbe49lhyearof bis present Ma- and its viclDtty, jesly's reign, Intiiulcd an act for An act for enabling bis Majestf amending and reducing into one totaise the sum of three millioos act of parliament tbe leveral laws for the service of Great Britain, and for raising and iraiuing ibc militia for applying the som ^f 2oo,ooqA of Ireland. Britiih curienc/ for tbe service of An -act to provide for the pre- Ireland, serving and restoring of peace in An act to defray the charge of such parts of Ireland as may at any the pay, clolbtng, and contingeot -lime be disturbed by seditious per- expenses of the disembodied tniU- BOOS, at by j>er<«ns entering into tia in Great Britain, at>d of ^ unlawful combinations or cunspl- miners of Cornwall and Devft, j-acies. and for granting allowances, in An act lo render more easy and certain cases, to subaltern otlicers, «f1ectual redress for assaults in adjutama, surgeons matet, and ser- Ireland. jeant-majors of militia, i^itil tbe An act to continue, until the 351b day of June, 1815. a^ih day of March, 1816, an act An act for appointing commii- fbr regulating the trade to the Isle sioiiers for carrying into execution ofMalta ; and to revive and con- an act of this session of parliament, linue, for the same period, several for grainting to bis Majesty a duly' acts relating to the trade In the on pensions and offices in jCngland; Cape of Good Hope ; and to the and an act made in tbe 38th year bringing and landing certain prize of his present Majesty, for grant- ^oodj in Great Britain. ing an aid to his Majesty by a lead An aot 10 impose a conntervail- tax lo be raised in Great Britain, ing duty of excise on bleaching for the service ofthc year 1798. powder imported iron I Ircl.ind. Vol, LVi, T BE^UJ!lK> 2r4 ANNUAL REGISTER, 181^. KEMAEKABLE TRIALS AND LAW CASES. TESTAMBDTABT CAL'BHS. Afchei Court, Doclors-Com- tneiu, Friday, May 70, — Adams v. Kneetme. — This wai a case of appeal from the Consiilorial Court of Eieter. bronght by Mr. Tho- niaa Adams, the brotber and sole executor of tbe will of Mr. Tho- mat Adama, lale of St. WinooQ, in Cornwall, deceased, against Eli- zabeth, the wife of Mr. Thomas Kneebone, tbe niece and adniinii- tralrix of the cfTecit of Mrs. Jemfer Adams, the widow of the deceased. The suit was originally instituted in the Coart of Exeter, by Mrs. Kneebone, in impeacb- tnent of the validity of tbe will of Mr. Tboinns Adams j and the Judge of tliat Court, upon the Aidence there t.ikcn, pronounced against its validity, and revoked the probate which had been granted ; from which decision, ihe present appeal to tbifi Court was prosecuted by Mr. Thomas Adams, the executor. Tbe will in question wan con- tained in two papers, both of them ■ dated tbe 16th of May, 1799; tbe iint, attested by Dr. Hall, the pbynciBB, who attended the de- ceued, and Mr. Philip Carnsew, a hair-dresGer, who lived in tbe uelghbourhood j and the second by Carnsew, abd two neighbours .of tbe natnei of Solomons and Cuitey*. Mr. Adatns died three days after the execution of theae papers. The tOect of both was pretty nearly the tame, that of making a small prori«an for tht testator's wife, but bequeathing the greater part of his property to his brother Thomas and his family, and appointing him execntor ; there was, however, a clause giv- ing the residue of the property to Mr. Thomas Adams in tbe latter will, which there was not in the prior one. A probnte was ob- tained of this latter will, in which all the testator's relatives appeared to acquiesce, no proceedings being taken to impeach its validity for 7 years afterward*. In Septem- bar, 1 3o6, Dr. Hall, who took the deceased's instructions for and pre- pared the first will, (from which the second was prepared by an at- torney), died i and in October following, proceeding! were in- stituted by some of the deceased's relatives, calling upon tbe execntor to bring in the probate, and prove the will by witnesses ; but in Ja- nuary following, tbe first will, which bad never till then made its appearance, was found to be in Ihe possession of Mr. Philip Carn- sew, one of the witnesses, and the proceedings were shortly after- wards discoDiinned. Prom this tii'Tie the executor continued in un- disturbed possession of the prt)bate until December, 181 1, when Mrs. KuceboiKj ag (be administratrrs of (be APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 275 the deccflsed'i widaw, who had survived him only about i jcari, insiitiited the present suit. The evidenci;, in support of the willin ihc Court at Exeter, fullj proved ihc death, hand-writtog, and goi>d cliaracler of Dr. Hall, the framer of il, by way of shew- ing, in order to giipply the want of hU evidence, the improbability that be would have been a party [o the transaction, had it been other- wise llian perfectly fair and cor- rect, or the deceaied incapable of kDowing the nature of the act he did. Mr. Philip Carnsew, however, spoke in direct derogation of his own act, and swore, in the most poiitive ternja, lo the testator's total incapacity, during the whole of the transactions in question. The rest of the evidence threw but lidle light on the subject, as the other subscribing witnesses were un.-ible, from the great lapse of time since the transactions, and their being uninterested in them, lo speak, wilh any great degree of posiiiveness or precision, to the facts in question. Upon this evi- dence the Judge of the Coutt at Exeter founded his decision against the validity of both willi, and pronounced the deceased to have died intestate. Upon the appeal to this Court, :\ variety of new matter was introduced in plead- ings on both sidea, and many ad- ditioual witnesses examined, and the case therefore came on for a hearinji; upon the general com- pleuoR of the evidence, as taken in both Courts. It appr.irc-d that the deceased was a farnU'r, and possessed of conuderable properly at St. Win- oon and its ncighbourhotxl. On the Saturday preceding bis deitb, he was seized with a fever, do* casioned, as was supposed, by A cold he had taken, in being ex> posed to wet in the course of fail farming concerns, and he was in consequence attended by Dr. Hall, in his medical capacity. Having expressed his wish, " to settle hk mind," as he termed it. Dr. Hall was spoken to on the subject, and he accordingly took his instmc- tions verbally; and reducing the same into writing, the paper was duly executed by the deceased,. and attested by Dr. Hall, and at hti request by Philip Csmsew, who had been sent for to take the hair off the deceased's breast, prepara- tory to ibe application of a blister. Dr. Hall then took the paper to Mr. HcKt, an attorney, at Loit- withiel, since also dead ; atid in a subsequent conversation witb Adams, told him his will woi not half a will, and that Mr. Hext accordingly did so, and acmrding lo his own account, Mr Hext then tore otf the seal from the first will, s.iying it was of no use, but that he must get three witnesses lo the other, on account of the freehold ptoperty. Carnsew then carried both papers to Mr. Adams, the deceaied's brother, who went out to fetch witnesses, and return- ing with two, this sectind will was executfd in their prcFience, and attested by thcni and Carnsew. The latter then took both papers to Mr. Hext, lo see that they were corrrcr, and afterwards delivered them to Mr. T. A'lains, who n^ turned him the cancelled one as of no use, and he, as slated, threw it into a drawer with some refuse T 2 papers, 276 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. papers, and knew not afterwards what was become of it, until be accidentBlly found it, on making a aearcb by desire of the professional persons concerned in the cause. The rest of the evidence went principally to the degree of regard entertained by the deceased for the parties interested ; his re cog- Dition to his family and others in conversation of his will and its contents ; the acquiescence of the wife and relations in it for so many years; and Carnsew's de- clarations of animosity to the exe- cutor, on account of his enforc- ing payment of a debt due from bim by legal proceedings. It was contended, on the part of the nrxt of kin, that no part of the evidence, in support of the will, was sufficiently strong to weigh against the positive evidence of Carnsew, as to the deceased*s total incapacity, and, therefore, the decree of the Court below, founded upon the proof of that fact, Dught to be affirmed. On the other hand it was ar- gued, that Carnsew was not en- titled to credit ; and setting his evidence aside, the evidence of Dr. Hall's good character and band-writing, corroborated by the collateral facts of the case, was sufficient to uphold the will, and justify a reversal of the decision appealed from. . ^ir John Nicholl recapitulated the circumstances of the case. He observed that the party now im- peaching the validity of the will was the niece of the testator's widow, had lived with her until ber death, and had acquired, by -deed of gift from her, the same interest that she had herself in the pioper^ in question under the will. She must, therefore. Lave* obtained an ample knowledge of the circumstances connected with the making of the will, and have had the same motives for insti- tuting a judicial inquiry rnro tbera. By not having done so, however, for so many years, eferj presump- tion of law arising from thence was as strong against her as it was in favour of the act impeached. Mr.' Carnsew was the only one of the subscribing witnesses now altre who could give any distinct ac« count of the transaction in ques-* tion. He was a witness, common to both parties, they being equally entitled to call for his evidence. That evidence was roott material in the present case, and roust, therefore, mret with the most ri- gorous £crutiny, as, if he was to be believed, there was an end of both wills. It was, however, by no means to be concluded, on the other hand, that if he was dis- credited, the will must necessarily be established. The Court rou«t form its judgment on that point from the whole circumstances of the case, and their probability and concurrence with each other, b% there had been cases, as observed by the Counsel, in which wills had been established against the evidence of a very numerons body of witnesses, all speaking in de- rogation of their own act. A contrary position would be griev- ous in the extreme, and lead to the grossest instances of fraud, by witnesses conspiring tc^ther, and agreeing in one uniform and posi- tive narration of fact. He then entered into a minute examination of Carnsew*! evidence, and coo- traated one part of it with aoocbor, and the whole with the e?ideiice of APPENDIX TO CHRONICr.E. 277 of tbe olber witnenes, and waa of opinion iliat, looking lo llie evi- a strong circumstance, tix>, that tbe vfil mii(le no qltcratiDR in the manner in which the latr would have disposed of the ds> ceased'i property, had he died at that time ; and it was therefors not likely to have been wri^tea aniim tettandi, but as a specimen of brevity only. He afterwarda marrted, and lived very happily with his wife ; aud faii declart> liona during his illness rather shewed his intention to die inter* tale, as he merely expressed bia intention of making bis will when he should get better, to satiify those who desired it of httn. During all this, no mention waa made of the paper in question : it apjieared to have been dismissed from his mind ever since the oc- casion lhat gave rise to it, and the Court could not but think, that when handed by the deceased to King, it was not intended by him to operate after his death ; and therefore, though exercising every possible caution as to the evidence of a witness in derogation of his own act, it was bmind to pro- nounce against the will; which was done accordingly, and letters of administratidn decreed to the widow. Preregaiive Court, Doctor*' Commotii, — Fax against Evans and Evam. — This was a proceeding re- lative to the validity of the will of Francis Evans, Esq, late of Har- row-villa, Middlesex, deceased, which was propounded on the part of Miss Sarah Fox, spinster, one of the executors, and opposed by Mrs. Alicia Evans, and Francia Evans, Esq. the widow and son al the deceased. It appearedtliat Mr.EvaDswai a genUeman of very reipectable conacclioiu io ItcUodj and had in the «aiO ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. the fofmef part of his life resided iavarioDs parts of that country $ bvt fsmily differences induced him to. retire from it in i8o2» the pe« fiod.at which a separation by mo* tiuai consent took place between lum and Mrs. Evans. From tliat time Mr. £vans took op his 'resi- ibooe in [rarioos parts of England^ and being in want of a person to Mperintend his domestic arrange- mentSi lie, in May, iSo6, made choice of Miss Fox for that pur- pose, she having applied to him in answer to an advertisement for a governess to his niece. He was shortly afterwards seized with a paralytic afiection> from the effects of which, added to the 'increasing infirmities of age, he suffered con- siderably. Throngh the interfer- ence of hb son at this juncture, a reconciliation was efiected between the deceased and his wife, and he accordingly invited her to take up her residence with biro, at Bron- sea-castle, Dorset, his then resi- dence. In October, 1807, she complied with this invitation, and then found Miss Fox officiating ia the superintendance of Mr. £vans*s domestic affairs; but she quitted Bronsea- castle in Novem- ber folio wingf in consequence of the criminal intimacy which she tuspected to exist t>etween Miss Fox and Mr. £vans. From this time Mr. £vans*s health declined considerably, and he travelled to Cheltenham and various other places for il*s re-establishment, ac- companied by Miss Fox; but at l^st took np his residence with her at Harrow-villa, the scene of the transaction in question. The will, it appeared, waa here drawn, up by the deceased, in the summer of X^oq* Ue. kept it by him untU the 5th of July, 18 10, when be ordered his carriage, intending to drive to the house of his friend Richard Cooke, Esq. at Caldecott-* hill, but meeting him on the road, they returned together. They proceeded into Mr. Evans's library, where he told Mr. Cooke he had 3 favour to ask of him, as he was going to make his will, and leave him an executor, and pointing to a drawer in the table, said he would find the will there, adding, how necessary it was for every body not to be without a will, but particularly for him. The will was thfn produced, and purported to devise the testator's freehold property to his sooi subject to the settlement made on his marringe with Miss Lock, daughter of John Lock, Esq. of America-square, London. It also gave an annuity of 600/. to Mi^s Fox, and another of 200/. to Miss Nixon, during life, secured upon certain copyhold lands, ultimately reverting to Mr. Francis Evans, jun. It also gave to Miss Fox any house the testator might reside in at his death, with the furniture, plate^ linen, horses, carriages, &c. -, and concluded with a bequest to her of all the rest of his personal property, atid appointed her and William John- son, Esq. of Mortimer-street, Cn-» vendish-square, executors. Mr. Evans then desired Mr. Cooke to draw up the codicil, appointing himself an additional executor, and giving him and the other exe« enters 500/. each for their trouble^ which he accordingly did, and both papers were then executed in the presence of Mr. Fox, Miss Fox's father, and another witness. Tlie validity of these twoinslru* mems was opposed by Mrs. andt APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. SSI Mr. EVBM, upon (be two groand* of an undue ascendancy exercised uver the testator's miml by Miu Pox, and liis total incapacity, as well at ihe time of making the will, a!i before, and stibaequeiit to it; and in support of thii, a va- riety of circumstances were ad- duceJ. It was Hated, that Miss Fox had taken advantage of the deceased's infirmity of mind lo produce a cricDinal connection Ije- iwecn them ; thai they afterwards lived in open adoltery, and she iairodnced her iaiher aad mother into the house as inmates, and en- deavoured to estrange his affections as much as possible from bii son, and hb family ; that they con- spired together lo obtain the de> ceascd's property, and often spoke of the will as having been ob- lalaed by a plot of liieir's, and treated the deceased ns insane, as in fiitt hewas; that in the s;)ting of 1810, he began lo comma the most extravagant acts, purchasing large qnantilies of poultry, jeael- lery, S(c. for which he had no occasion, destroying the furniture, IKC. about the house, ordering itinner at a particular hour, and then insisting upon having it, though raw, two or three liotirs sooner, and throwing the grav^ and sauce over those at the table. Several letters, also, pompout^y and improperly addressed, and otherwise indicative af insanity, were produced, as hiving been written lo persons with whom he had formerly corresponded in the most accurate manner, and by «hom he was esteemed, u in fact ha was till then, a man of un- common judgment. And one ia- stanca in particular of his insanity, which faappeaed on the \vj day the will was executed, was moeh relied on. He was walking on ibat day tn Lord Nonhwick's grounds at Harrow, and observing' the doors open, said lie would lake th.-it oppc/rluniiy of paying his respects to his lordship, with whom be was acijuainied. He then burst into the dm wing- room, whtre l.urd Norlhwick, the late Mr. Perceval, and lady, and a lai^ parly were assembled, with hit dress much disordered, and bis &ce pole, and disfigured by a blow he had received from Mr. Fox. His whole appearance and con- duct were sucii us to convince Lord Norlhwick of his derange- ment, and he accordingly called for the assistance of his seri'ants, and delivered the deceased into the custody of Mr, Fox and hri daughter, who bad by that time come up. He was shortly after- wards placed in tfaa care of keep- ers, and in November following, K commiision of lunacy having issued, an inquisition was held, and the Jury returned a veitlici of insanity without lucid intervals, from the ist of July preceding, five days prior to the transaction of the will. He was then re- moved to Dr. Willis's, at Hoxton, where he died in October, 181 1, 111 reply to this, circumstancas were adduced on the part of ^jss Fox, to shew that she possessed the deceased's confidence, but without any tuidue means; that his displeasure was very grext against his son for not cotning to see lijm, and he often declared it would be thousands oat of his wny : that Miss Fox's connect ion with Ibe deceased, far from being notorious, was hardly known, ud bcr father was iotrodpccd into ib« S82 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. house to manage the deceased's fiMrmiDg concerns, with a salary of 4oi. per annum, only on account of the deceased's good opinion of his skill in those matters -, that (he blow he gave the deceased was given under the impulse of irrita- tion, as having been struck by htm, but the matter was amicably adjusted next day : that the de- ceased continued of sound mind, managing his affairs, and drawing drafts on his bankers, until the 12th of July, 1810, and even vished Miss Fox to go with him the day the will was executed, but excused her solely on account of ill health ; and that the transaction at Lord Northwick's was the effect of intoxication, and not of insanity, the deceased having that day « drank very freely upon an empty stomach, but the next day having recovered, he spoke of the cir- cumstances as a good joke only. A great mass of evidence was adduced in proof of these different rq}resentations of the case on either side, and the arguments of counsel heard at great length thereon, during three days, it being con- tended on the one hand, that tliere was no proof of undue in- ftoence or control over the de- ceased, but that the will was the spontaneous act of a capable tes- tator; and, on the other band, ihat not only was an undue con- trol proved, but also actual and positive incapacity, for a period jkmg antecedent and subsequent to the making of the will» as well ps at the very time. Sir John Nichqll recapitulated the circumstances of the case. He W3S of opinion that the acts of ex- Iravagance committed by the de- peased^ couple4 with what hapability of the act being the spontaneous exertion of the de- ceased's mind; and the present case was, therefore, to be examin- ed upon these principles. He then entered into the private history of the deceased and Miss Fox» re- marking particularly upon her fr-> ther's conduct in using such vio- lence towards a poor paralytic old man like the deceased ; and olv serving that, with all the Coart*a pa^^ticw APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. fi83 caution in listening to the evidence of servants in the house, still these circumstances must have their weight. They were, however, strongly confirmed by the account given of the deceased's incohe- rent correspondence 5 and the very fact of his wishing his wife and son to visit him when living in a state of open prostitution with thb girl was in itself a proof of insa- nity. A further confirmation was afforded in the transaction at Lord Northwick's ; and the Court could not but think the attempt to give it the colour of intoxication to have proceeded from fraudulent mo- tives. Looking, then^ at this evi- dence, it was not only sufficient to throw the burden of proving capacity upon the parties setting up the will, but it likewise proved the influence they exercised over the deceased; awd it would be difficult to imagine the evidence that would be sufHcient to sustain a will under such circumstances. Mr. Fox must have known of bis daughter's prostitution; and this, added to his general conduct, did not go far to confirm his good character and hand-writing, in at- testation of the act in question. Mr. Johnson and Mr, Cooke were both renouncing executors, and had released their legacies; the latter was also the writer of the codicil in his own favour. It was therefore probable, that they had expectations from the bounty of the executrix; and though this was not sufficient to discredit them, it must necessarily raise the presumption of their evidence being somewhat biassed. There was no reason to believe that the deceased's declarations of having made bis will referred to either ,of the papers in question : and they bad the effect bf disinherit- ing his son from one considerable part of his property, only to make an unreasonable provision for a woman with whom he lived in public adultery. The will itself bore strong internal marks of confusion and irregularity, and appeared to have been copied from some other not before the court It was written very irregularly, with some names partly omitted in places, and others repeated in a varied manner, altogether shew- ing the deceased s confusion at the time, and, in the language of Lord Thurlow, " sounding ht» folly." So far, therefore, from any lucid interval being proved, there was every presumption of the continuance of the disorder, a presumption confirmed not only by the general state of the evi- dence, but also by the con- tents and appearance of the will itself. The Court was, therefore, bound to pronounce against its validity ; and considering the ac- tive part taken by Miss Fox in this transaction, with all its attendant obloquy, the Court felt that it would not sufficiently mark its disapprobation of such practices, and hold out a discouragement of them for public example, did k not condemn her in the costs in- curred. Costs decreed accord- ingly. LaJj/ Frances Elvtabeth Brude* fiell Wilson, and the Right Hon, Charles jihhnlt, Speaker of the House of Commons, against Sir Berkeley JVilliam Guise, Lurt."^ This was a question upon the ad- mission of an allegation, pleading a nuncupative codicil to the will of William Wright, Esq. kite of Chel- sea, deceased. Mr* 284 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Mr. Wright died on the I3tb of February^ 1814, having on the 5th of August, iSoo, made his will, appointing Lady Wilson and the lionourable Charles Abbott exe- cutors, and bequeathing to the former the residue of his property, after payment of his debts, and aome specific legacies. He had jilso subsequently made several codicils to this will, and the alle- gation now offered pleaded that the deceased, on the nth of Fe- bruary, two days only before his death, being very ill, addressed himself to two or three persons vrho were with him. and declared bis intention to give one thousand pounds out of the money he had invested in the Bank to a friend of bis. The words used by him for this purpose were reduced into writing on the 15th of March, af- ter his death, and attested by the persons in whose presence they were uttei-ed. The admission of this allegation to proof was opposed on the ground that the statute 29 Car. 2, commonly called the statute of frauds, required that no written will should be revoked or altered by a subsequent nuncupative one, unless the same be in the lifetime of the testator reduced into writ- ing and approved by him, and prpved to have been so by three admissible witnesses ; and that no nuncupative will should be prov- ed by witnesses after six months from the making, unless reduced iiUo writing within six days, nor should it be proved till fourteen days «fter the testator's death, nor until the relations should have been cited to oppose the same if they thought proper. From the fjdQXs, howererj sUtedio thisalle* gation, it appeared that the monc^r in the Bank included both genet- rally and specifically in the resi- duary clause of the regularly exe- cuted will, was the fund out of which the DUBcupative legacy was to be paid. This therefore was aa alteration by the nuncupative codicil of the disposition of the property made by that will with- in the meaning of the act, and as the provisions of that act requir- ing the words of nuncupation- to be reduced into writing wiihin six days had not been coct) plied with, the nuncupative codicil was void^ and the allegation pleading it in- admissible. It was contended on the other hand, that the allegation was ad^ missible, because the court was not justified in shutting out the parties, by a rejection of it, from an investigation of the case by which it might appear that the re- quisites of the act had been com- plied with, as ii\ the case of Brown and Manby in 1770. Sir John Nicholl recapitulated the facts of the case, and observt- ed, it was clear that the money in the Bank was given both geiie- rally and specifically by the resi- duary clause of the will, and it was equally so that the e^ect of the nuncupative codicil would be to alter this bequest. The act* on account of its general objects, was to be strictly construed and en- forced to its fullest extent. It was, therefore, imperative upon the court in this case* and left it no discretion. The Court would have wished to have had the aa- thority of some case to justify a further investigation of the pre* sent one by sending the allegs- tiou to proof, bat nouQ tufib bad bc^ APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 285 in qaestton wai dated tbe 7th of Ja- nuary preceding. It was all of t(w textator'i band-writing, and spo\n of his wife and children in the mott aficciionate terms. It bequeathed the giMter part of his property to hii natural son, Lieut. Harris, assigii. ing as bis reason for it, that hit wife and legitimate daughter wcro amply provided for by hii mar- riage seitlement j bnt concluded thus, " This being written with my ou'h hand, J am led to b^ Iteve, ftom counMl's opinion, that it will ttand good in the eye of tho law; I therefore, revoking all former wills, have hereunto set my hand and seal," &c. The will was duly signed, but without a Mai, and the usual clause of at- testation was added, purporting that it had been duly executed la the presence of witnesses; bat none such appeared subscribed Ijren cilod. In that of Brown v. Manby, the words were pleaded 10 have been written in the de- ceased's life-iime, and with his privity, and therefbre it was pos- sible the requirites of the act might appear on proof 10 have been com- plied with, and upon that ground the allowances admilted; but in the present case the facts pleaded ihetred demonstratively the im- posiiibilicy that thry could have been so. He therelbre felt him- self boand to reject the allega- tion ; fcotas the will was oppcwed en the grnand of incapacity, and might ultimately be invalidated npOn that ground, in which case ihe nuncupative codicil would not then cnntravene the act by alter- ing a more regular di< said, that the will was so short that little argument as to his in« tention by this word could be ad- duced either way. It had been al- ways held, that words were to be taken in the sense in which the testator employed them through- out the will, however dissimilar that meaning might be from the proper or ordinary sense. 1 hus ki Doe ex dim, Tofield v. Tofield, 1 1 East, 246, it was held, that real property might pass under the words " personal cstAies" it being manifest from the whole of the in - fctruroent that such was the devi- sor's intention. In the case before the Court, the duty of the testator required the disinheriting of the heir at law, in favour of a reputed wife and her children : and it was quite certain that he intended to do SO; the only question being, whether that intention was suffi- ciently expressed in the will. He knew that his personal efiects were only of the value of 11 SI. where- as his real were worth 40 1. per an- num ; and it was clear he knew that he was entitled to this rever- sionary estate, for an offer was made him to purchase it a little while before his death. He called in four witnesses to attest his will, being one; more than the statute requires for the passing of real estate. If the Court were satis- fied that the testatofs intention was to pass real property under the word effects, it was insignifi- cant what was the exact meaning of the word; but if the Court were not so satisfied, the etymo- logical meaning was in the Learn-- ed Serjeant's favour, if any thing : in the etymology of the word there was nothing that iaiplied any APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 287 any thing personal in contradiction to real. TUc word meant property/ acquired in general, and it was only a secondary nieaaing which contined that property Xo personal. In the four decisions which were to be found on this word, in £asfs Eeports, three held it to extend to real, and only one confined it to personal estate ; and by the lower classes of p- herittng him. He contended with hn father, that he had a right to the whole of his property, his sis- ters being provided for. Tlie tes- tator, considering that if he left his daughters and their children to the future liberality of their brother, the defendant, they would not de- rive the ultimate bene6tbe intend- ed them, resolved to settle upon them a considerable portion of hm property, and by his will there- upon he IcR the defendant about 15,000!. a-ycar, including the Ince estate, and as much more he left to his daughters. By a codi- cil he provided, that if his son die cancelled -, and they were opposed by the next of kin, on the ground of a confederacy amongst the Fishers and Wheelers to obtain the deceased's property, and his total incapacity to know or under- stand the nature and object of the act he was performing at the time of executing the papers in ques- tion, to prove which a number of witnesses were examined. Sir John Nicboll recapitulated their evidence, and observed it was not so material to inquire into the motives of the parties, in paying attention to the deceased^ if the effect should appear to have been produced, and ne to have really entertained an intentioo to benefit them by his will. The short account given of the execu- tion of the codicil waa also imma- teria],^ as that was not the ques- tion APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. tioD«tiinw between the paniet; death, bat the will Ir , it was sufficient to obwrve, that if wat executed eighteen daji prior fairly executed by jhe testator, to thtit event. Another, Wba with 3D ample knowleilge of its called upon him within that titne,^ contents, it would bavr [he elTect proved tliat be convened very ctt-^' of recognizing and rendering legal lectedly about the tale of lomti itie will it refers to, respecting wood belonging to bim, and Other which the testaiof's mind might matters of businen. K' hare been previously fluctuating, was said to be only ( The circnmstflnces attending the deafbess vaa a disorder alwan' esecutioii of ibe last will were greater or less according *lo IM certainly (uch as to eiuute the state of the body ; cold, amoagk' vigilant atteoiion of the Court ; various other causes, tended gieaU tM copsolidation' of the two in- ly to augment it i and it was not itrnmenii into one appeared to improbable but that the deceased*i bare been eSected by agreement deafness might have been greatly of the panics interested, but it was diminished by so long a confinc- Dot negfliived that this might ooi ment to bis bed. It was maietiat have been done by drsire of the to look, to the contents of the deceased; he was deaf and blind, wills: the greater part of ihft and had been for some time con- property was given to the Bishera fined (o his bed ; it was to be la- and Wheelers, for whom he had mented, that, in such a situation, a great regard, living on lenqi of tfae deceased's real intentions bad great intimacy, and recdvinff nu- not, at the lime of executing the meront civilities from them. Now,' will, been more pointedly ascer- if ibrir intentions had been fraa- tained; bnt still, if those inten- dulent, the fint will would not doDt were proved, the Court was have given k> cbuch to his rela- boond to pronounce for the will, tions, and comparatively so littto He might have understood what to them; they might h.ive intro- W8I gung on, though prevented duccd a few trifling legacies tv by bis infirmities from expressing give a colour to the tranraction, hu assent more periecti? than he but they would not hare done im did ) and it was to be presumed to the extent of that wll). It that be would not have lent hit was, therefore, most probable that hand, OS he did, for guidance, to the augmentation of the beqnesta sign the will, had he not intended to these parlies in the latter will it as an expression of his concur- originated with the testator bim- rence in that act. There was no lelf, though by what means could [WQof of the case of control by the not appear, as the instmctiona paniet interested set up on the came from the parties; but if pfrt of the next of kin ) they bad that will, when read, was adopted pleaded only occasional deafness in by the deceased, it was eqoaltr the deceased, but tbat was no valid as If prepared pursuanttohit proof of bis incapacity. One of Ibe own verbal or written InsfroctionaL witnesses who attended him con- The fact of its execution then look Stan tly, stated only an occasional place in the preaenceof one of iha wandering of his mind, and that deceased's own relations; there oply within a fortnight of hb was no appearance of any con' U 1 ' strain! tgi ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. •(raint being used, and the act w3> poiitively mipported by the evt- oenco of the two subicribltig wit- neues. UndertbeKcircunutances, the Court was of opinion that the miodofthe teslatoi wentalongwith the act of guiding his hand to sign the piper in queitioD, which mast, tfaerefbrcj be pronounced for, as footaiung bis will, but witbcmt costi agalDil the next of Icin. Cons'uiory Court, Doctori' Com- PamtU facling by Thomas Row- ^fU, iii ContmitieeJ, agakut Par- •iw/f.~Thii was s qoeition ai to tbe competency of a lunatic to prose- cute, by tbe agency of bis commit- tee, a tnit against his wife, for a dIvcYce, by reason of adalteiy. A libel waa offered to the Coatt on the part of the plaintiff, stating that the parties (Mr. Peter Par- t>e]l, and Ann his wife, of Isling- ton, Middlesex) wen married in June 1790 ) that they lived toge- ther from tbat period, until' some time in the y»r 1807, and \\aS two children, a son and a daugh- ter. About tbat titne, the intel- lects of the husband became de- rai^ecl, and be was in conEe<]nence tenoned to a house for tbe recep- tion of insane persons. His ma- lady continuing with but little prospect of abatement, upon the aeccssaiy inquisition being taken, aicertaining tbat fact, leiten pa- tent were issued by the Cotut of Chancery, appointmg Mr. Row- liell committee of tbe lunatic's penon and property. Tbe libel then proceeded to stale, that ahorily after the cobatHladoo of (he parties- bad thui necesiarily ceased, the wife formed an adul- terous iniercoui*e whb one Philip Crask ; tbat abe passed as bis wile, and had several children by him ; with a detail of other particolars tettding to support the charge of aduhery. The admission of this [heading to proof was opposed by the wife's counsel, on the ground that tbe power of the comniiiiee of n lunatic extended only to tbe pro- tection of hb property t that in 3 civil proceeding, between a man and his wife, for a dirorce k mewsS el ihoTO, the complaitUDg party alone was entitled to sue, and that the judicial separation whiiii would be effected between tbe parties by a sentence of divorce, had already, in effect, taken place, in conse- quence of the lunaiic's sitoation. Sir William Scott i^Merved, tbat it had not been stated in argumem, and it was certainly not wiibio bis experience of tbe practice of the Court, that a suit of ibis nature had ever before occurred. It was impotiible, therefore, to decide upon the objections lakea in the present case from precedent, but the decision must be ruled by principle and analogy. In this point of view, the question aeemed to divide itsdf into two considera- tions: ist, whether a lunatic has a right to seek a remedy for his wife's profligacy; and, adiy, if he has, whether there is any other mode of doing so than tbe one which has been adopted in the [iresent case. ITpoo tbe 6ral ptri&t. t appeared absurd to assert tbai the husband's bdng visited with the affliction of mental dennge- ment was lofficient to exoncmre the wife frooi tbe obli^^km of fidelity im|)oie4 by Iba minf^e .contract ; and tbat the ibould be APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. S9i cu(5:retf with impunity to live in a btata of open proHigacy, and en- graft 8 spurjout iMue upon the property of (he lunatic liiuband : this would be admitting that there exists a wrong, for wfaicb il ii impossible to appljr a remedyt s propoiilion which no Rystem of juiisprudence, however imperfect, will distiuciJy recognise, l^ie situation of a lunatic ii such a* to call for redress uf injuries tqore argentl/ than any other. If, then, he has the right which has been claimed, and which ihe Court is of opinion that he has in the prt- Mnt instance, the only remaining question is, by what meant it is to be enforced; and to this the an- swer seems obvious, that it must be by the same means hj which his other righte are protected — the agency of his committee ; to htm is cotAraitted Ihe general powerof protecting the person, (he estates, and the p^rsfnal properly of the limatici and tlu; injury which either or all of ihese might sas- lain, by the wife's course of life, ii infficient to justify the present proctteding. It in trne, instances have occurred where the commit- tee has applied to the Cooit of Chancery for direciions as to the comme [I cement of any legal pra- creditig; but this is only where the propriety of aueh a proceeding il at all doubilul) and in whicli vax, ihe committee, who is only the substitute of the Lord Chan- cellor, does well to resort to him, as the legal protector of all luoa- liea and infants, for directions, ThisGouri, however, has no such protecting power, and can only decide upon die matter at iuue befween parties, accoidiiig (o the lifles laid down ' by its law and practice. Upon the questtoo of analogy, the case seems equalljr clear j in other coses of legal lin- becility of mind, such as that of infants. He. tfaeir guardians ban the power of bringing suits even to the dissolution of the important contract of matrimony. Upoa each cotuideradon, therefore^ it appears dear that Ihe lunatic bu the right, by his committee, of &ik» ing for a sentence of this Court, ■(» materially 'affecting bis own aod bis children's interests ; and, (bei*^ fore, the libel now offered for that purpose it admisnble to proof.<-r Admitted accordingly. Consiilory Court, Doctort' Com- mtmt. Fi/ulkM ogairui FouOff.— Thii was an application to the Court for an augmentation of the ali- mony allotted to Pbilippa, the wift of Mr. John Foolkes, aalidlor, on her obtaining a sentence of divurco by rcaiOD of cruelty and adul- tery, and il was founded on the fact of an increase in the ht»- bend's income since the sentence. Jt appeared that the divorce was pronounced for ji) December i8o3. At that time Mr. Foulkes'i income arose principally from hit practice as a solicitor; ani the Court, under alt the circiimstancea of the case, had allotted to the wife 150I. per annum, conceiving ibat sum, with reference to the husband's circumstances, to be at much as was necessary for her support in the decent stale of re- tirement in which it wis to be presumed she would live, under her peculiar tiiuntiim. Upo^ the death of Mrs. Foulkes's mother ia 1S03, Mr. Foulkes succeeded, ia right of hi* wife, undei bb aw ria^ S94 ANNUAL REGISTER, r814. riage settkment, to a considerable estate in Lincoloshire; bat subject to a tent*cbarge to his wife. Upon ibis he gave up busineM as a soli- citor, and devoted his time to the Improvement of the estate, the rents of which, however, did not, ms he stated, until very lately, exceed 600I. per annum, and to which Mrs. Foulkes's income, with the addition of the rent- charge, bore a larger proportion tbi^ her alimony of 150I. per annum, allotted by the Court, did to his then income. The old leases on the estate, however, having lately fallen in, and the land bavin;; been partitioned, and let anew, Mrs. Foolkes now ap- plied to the Court, stating, that a very considerable increase had Sr that means been made to Mr. oalkes*s income, out of which, therefore, she prayed a proportion- ate addition to that which she pos- lesied under the order of the omrt, and in her own right. This was opposed on the part of Mr. Foulkes, who claimed several deductions for expenses to which he had been exposed, on account of his newly-acquired property, which bding made, it was con- tended that his present income was not greater in proportion to that enjoyed by his wife, than his former income was to the 150]. per annum alloted to her as alimony by the Court. A long argument took place upon the details of the property acquired,and the deductions chim- ed, which terminated in its being agreed by the counsel on both sides, that Mr. Foulkes*s separate income should be taken at 1061I. per annumi and Mrs. Foulkes's at a9oK per annum, both clear of all deductions, and acoording to these sums it was left for the Court to decide upon the applica- tion made for an increase to the wife. Sir William Scott recapitulated the circumstances of the case; and observed it was a xery mate- nal consideration, that the great increase in the husband*8 income was principally in right of his wife, —she was the source from whence it flowed, and the Court felt it necessary to adrert strongly to this circumstance in making the fresh allotment required. Cases of this nature were so diversified in their circiunstances, that it was not pos- sible they could become precedents for each other : the Court must therefore compound the matter from all considerations combined. Here it appeared that the rents were now at the highest ; and it would be taking the matter in ex- iremis to consider the permanent value of the income at its present amount; there was a probability of speedy reduction, which mtist be taken into consideration. The Court would not enter too minute- ly into the details of the dednc« tions claimed ; but there was one^ the charge for agency and expenses in the management of the estate-, which was very allowable, as the property might sufier materially for the want of such necessary at« tention. Under all the circnm* stances, it appeared, that the hus- band's separate income was 1061L and the wife's 390I. per annum | and upon the view which thecoort had taken of the case, it felt itaelf disposed to allot to the wife an ad- ditional I lol. per annum, maj^ng her income altogether 400I. per annam; which was doo^acoocd- ingly. Mant APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. S9^ Maniv, Ptyian.^Thk was an action of slander^ brought by a gentleman, who had been for- merly a surgeon in the Navy, when he was confidentially employed by persons interested in the Mediter- ranean prizes, and had since been in the militia service, against a Captain in the N^y, the nephew of Admiral Peyton. The plaintiff being about to be married to a Miss Winkworth, whom he has since married, the defendant ar« rived from abroad at Deal^ where her fimily resided, on the 7th of August last, and hearing to whom the lady, whom be had long known, was about to be united, said, at the house of Mr. Trownsell, in the presence of her grandmother and aunt, and Mr. and Mrs. Trownsell, that the plaintiff was a lying swindling rascal; and that if Mitt W. married him, she would go to ruin ; that if the family were not satisfied with his assertion, a firiend of his, Capt. Campbell, of Portsmouth, would corroborate the &ct$ that the phuntiff was a great brute and a liar, of a most savage disposition, and very unfit for a husband for Miss W. ; that he was flourishing away with property he had sold abroad in the Mediterranean, which consisted of prizes made by the squadron, and that Capt. Camp- bell was ready to corroborate this. Mitt W. was in town at this time, preparing for the marriage, which was to be celebrated the next day ; and in consequence of these words, the witness, Mi» Iggulden, the lady's aunt, wrote to her mother ^ same evening, and the mar- riage consequently did not take place till a week after the day for whid^ it was fixed. Upon tbdr cross-examination the witnesses admitted that they had heard si- milar reports to the plaintiff^s dis- advantage two yean befoie, but these were satisnctorily explained away before he was recdved as a soitor. They also adnutted that the defendant's communication was made to none but intimate friends of the family, and was considered as confidentud; but Lord Ellenborough thought, that the plaintiff ought not to be non- suited upon this evidence, which was enough to go to the Jury, whether the occasion warranted the communication, and whetbet it was made bona fiit in tbedis* charge of a friendly duty, or offi* dously so as to bear the character of malice. Mr. Topping then addressed the Jilry for the ddtodant, and called Mr. Trownsell, who proving that the commonication, wUoh was originally made to him before be sent for the lady's fiunily, was en* tirely confidential. Lord Ellenborough held, that the law threw around it its pro* tection, and the plaintiff was non- suited. The witnett. Mitt Iggulden, re* ferring to the letter which she had written to the lady's mother^ after the speaking of the words, to refresh her memory with theffly Mr. Topping objected to this pro* ceeding, the letter not being writ* ten immediately afterwards, u a mere depository for those words> but as a firee report of them for a purpose foreign to the present action. Lord Ellenborough allowed her to adopt this proceeding \ and s2Md« that it had been held by Lord D^ansfield^ that this was not only the 296 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. the most expedient^ but the only practicable way of proving worcli* Court of Common P/eas. — Sa-' iurday, Dec.^, — Woods. FUtcherj ^^Separate Maintenance, — ]M!r. Serjeant L^tis state^^ that this was an action brought by the plaintiff; who was a considerable coal- dealer^ to recover of the defend- ant, a merchant in the city, the fery small sum of 22/. for seven chaldron of coals furnished to Mrs. Fletcher. The facts were these. Mr. and Mrs. Fletcher had for tome years been separated from each orher. The lady lived in Dean-street> Par>[-lane, and Mr. F, resided at Ealin?. He should prove that the coals were delivered at Mrs. F.*s house, and as it could not be contended that they were not a necessary, the husband was bound to pay for them. The delivery of the coals was prov- ed. Mrs. F. gave the order foi them, and the credit was given to her, and not tp her husband. It ap- peared she had dealt with the plaintifF sctTn vears, and had paid regularly, with the exception of the articles in question : but when the plaintiff last applied for pay- ment, she referred him to her hus- band. It appeared that Mrs. F, bad a complete establishment of her own, that she kept a house and 'servants, and must have been al- 'lowed a separate maintenance : but it was proved, that such main- tenance was not secured to her by deed. It was stated, that her hus- band paid two sums of 75/. to her agent about the time this debt was contracted. Mr. Scrjearft Best, on these &cts, conteadtd defendant was oot liable. The Chief Justice said, there was no case in the books that ex- actly resembled the present one. Me must, therefore, decide it as well as he could upon the princi- ples laid down in other cases. The authorities were cot all re- concilable to each other : but thus far had been decided^ that if there was a separate maintenance, if the money was regularly paid, and the husband and wife Hved separate frocp each other^ the husband was not answerable for the debts which the wife might contract. Now what were the facts of this case ? It appeared, that the lady had, for the last seven years, been resident separate from her husband in the house which she inhabited, and to which the phintiiF had for that feriod been accustomed to send is goods. It appeared, that she had not ordered them as a mar% ried woman ; that during the 7 years she had paid the phtntiff herself; that the plaintiff had never any intimation of her being a married woman, till long after she bad ordered the goods as a angle woman. When the bill was sent in, she then for the first time refused to pay it, on the score that she was a married womaa. He had before stated, if the wife had a separate maintenance regu- larly paid, that the husband had been held not to be answerable. The facts proved were, that the husband and wife bad lived sepa- rately ', that certain payments bad been made by the husband to the wife ; that the husband for seven years had never been called opoa l)y the! tradesmen, who sent m goods to the wife, but that they Bad always beeu paid for by bier ; that two sums of 75/. had been paid APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. S97 paid to her attorney^ which she received. He must take it for granted, that payments to the same amount had been previously and regularly made by the hus- band, to her, for otherwise^ as she was living separate, she could not have have been enabled to have supported herself separately. The payments, if regular, would amount to 300/. ; and he had no evidence before him to shew thai 300/. a year was not a fair and ample pro** vision for this lady, who by agree- ment was living from him. Tak- ing the facts to be that the hus- band and wife had agreed to live separate, and had done so upon her receiving a separate mainte- nance from him, though there was po stipulation as to the exact sura, and considering 300/. a year a competent provision for a woman living apart from her husband, he was of opinion that within the principle of the doctrines laid down, the husband was not liable. v-FlaiDtiff noosoited, Gmrt Bf Cbmmon Pleasr^Monf d/ty, Dec,$, — Crim,Cfin. — Knigki, Etq, r. Lord Middieton, — ^Tbiswas in action under very peculiar cir- comstances. The plaintiff, as it appeared by tlie testimony of one of bis own witnesses, had, in 4he year 1S07, brought an action against Colonel Fmler for criminal confersation with his wife, and ^d received large damages. He afterwards went into Doctors Commons, with the view of ob- taining a divorce, but this was re- sisted on the ground of collusion with Colonel Fuller, and he then thought proper to withdraw the proceedings. He had, iKzwcver, fejuitrated himself from }m wife since that time. In November^ 1813, Mrs. Knight was delivered of a child. The plaintiff coii-« ceived Lord Middleton to be the father of it, and brought hisactifio against his Lordship accordingly. . The evidence in support of the plaintiff^s case went on two grounds. The first was to shew such familiarities between the de* fendant and Mrs. Knight as to raise a presumption that the cri- minal intercourse had taken plaoe^ The second ground, and what was most relied on, was, that the coon duct of Lord Middleton had beea such as that the Jury must beliefo him to be the father of the chil^ and consequently that he mail have committed adultery wilb Mrs. Knight. Upon the first point* several servants of Mrs. Knigbi*s proved, that Lord Middleton was in the habit of visiting her at her residence at Hampton- cottage, io Warwickshire. It did not appear* however, that there was any thing very particular in those visits, as his lordship was in the habit of intimacy with her father. Lord Dormer, and her whole family. His lordship had also fiequcntly visited her at her residence in Manchester-street, London. Lord Middleton, however, seldom visited her after it was dark, and never slept there. Other gentlemen bad also visited her as well as bis lordship. The circumstances of suspicion on those visits were very slight. On the second point there was nothing proved, except that Lord Middleton had called at Miiry-le-bone church to see the register of baptism of the child, and had taken an extract of it. This circumstance was accounted for, by Its having appeared Ibi^ be 898 ANNUAL &£GIST£R, 1814. be had been reported to be the iither of the child, and an action threatened against him. It ap- peared alto that he had been once aeen coming from the house where the child was nursed. Serjeant Shepherd, on the part of the defendant, submitted that there was no evidence to go to a jaty, and that the plaintiff must be non->suited. The Chief Justice said the evi- dence was indeed extremely slen- der, but he thought it better that the case should go to the jury« Seijeant Shepherd then stated to the Jury, that, if under those circumstances they were inclined to fitid for the plaintiff, the small- eat coin known in this country would be sufficient to give as damages. He contended, how- ever, that no circumstances at all were proved which could warrant a Jury in finding that an adulte* rocis connection had taken place between his Lordship and Mrs* Knight. If the lady, in her state of separation from her husband, had produced a child, it was evi- dent that she had committed adul- tery with somebody or other; but that was no proof against Lord Middleton, any more than against aniy other gentleman who visited ber. As to the circumstances which had been stated, there was nothing which could give them a right to infer that at any particular time or place this adulterous con- nection had taken place. The Chief Justice began his charge to the Jury by informing them, that it had been held by Lord Kenyon, and bad since been ruled by the Court 9f King*a- bench, that as the action for crtm. con. was an actioii Co veccyvcr d»> oiagff for being deprived of the aid and comfort of the society of a wUe, a husband that had volun- tarily separated himself from that society could not maintain thb action. In the case, however, where this doctrine was held, the separation bad been a regular one. As it did not appear that the sepa- ration here was a regular one, be should allow the case to go to them, giving at the same time a power to the defendant's counsel (in case their verdict should be for the plaintiff) to move the Court of Common Pleas for a nonsuit oa this ground. His Lordship then recapitulated the evidence, and pointed out the slightoess of tb^ grounds upon which the adulterous connection had been inferred. The Jury without retiring found a verdict for the defendant. COMMERCIAL CAUSB8. York Assizes^^^Tiursdcofp Mturch 31. — Brfore Sir Simon Li Blanc and a Special Jury.^^Price v. Sandys. —This was a cause which excited much interest in the north. The real plaintiffi were the Ma^ gistrates of the county of Dur- ham, and the defendant was an eminent architect, residing in Manchester-square^ London. It appeared that, about the year 1809, the Magistrates having de- termined to erect new coort* houses and a gaol for the oood^ of Durham, the defendant aent ID his proposals and plans, and wished to have the soperintMid* anoe of thcK structuxea, which were intended to be raiaDd in • splendid and durable atyle. Hia terma and phma wcic approved oC and APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 899 and the ' whole was pbecd under his control and diredton. No cost was spared, and he expressly un- dertook that the buildings should be finished in' a manner to merit the approbation, not only of the magistrates, but of every architect in the kingdom. After two years had been employed in completing the conrts and gaol, and be had been paid, pursuant to his contract, the whole was found to be defec- tive. The foundation was ill laid, weak, and inefficient, for such a weighty superstructure. It was not above two feet under ground, and was composed partly of what was called rubble, and no wajrs adapted to the soil. The walls, instead of being solid massy stone, were formed of two external cases, and the intervals filled up with rough rubble. Pillars, which should have been of stone, were of VTood, cased with stone* The consequences of these and many other similar defects, was, that the building gave way in many of its parts. It became dangerous, and could not be applied to the pur- poses for which it was erected, and the greater proportion was obliged to be taken down and rebuilt. It was to recover a compensation for the loss the county had sustained by tlie defendant's negligence or want of skill that the present ac- tion was brought. The facts were clearly and distinctly proved by two architects, who had had the direction of several buildinp and prisons. Mr. Scarlett asked his Lord- ship, whether it would have any eSkct upon the law of the case, if be shewed that the working plans and directions of the defendant had been departed from in coose^ quence of tf conspiracy fonnad against him by those who had the subordinate contracts. Sir Simon Le Blanc said, it certunly would not have the least weight. The defendant had im- dertaken to See that every part of the building was finished in a proper manner. He was paid oq the grotind of his presumed abi- lity ; and, therefore, whether the county had sufifered by his defect of judgment or inattention, the injury and the right to satitfiiction remained the same. The Jury, ac- cordingly, under his Lordship's direction, found a vefdict for the plaintiff— Dama^ twenty thou* sand pounds, subject to be reduced, in conformity wit^ the opinion of an arbitrator, to whom the in* spection of the items was refenred, * Cowi of King's BencA.^T^m day, Nau. i, ^Special Jurks.y^ Gomez V. 7\iii9io.-^This was an action upon a policy of insuraooe upon goods on board the Spanish ship Union, of which Messrs. Fissen, brothers, were owneri, from Vera Cruz to the Havannah, and back to Cadiz or Malaga. The insurance was effected on the 2 1st February, i Bio, at eight gui- neas per cent. ; and on the 27th July following, a permission W4S indorsed upon the policy, and signed by the defendant, for the ship to change her destination from Old Spain to any port in the United Kingdom, if it should hfR found expedient The ship sailed from Vera Cruz on the nth of March, and arrived at the Ha- vannah about a month afterwards, where she found a great difficulty in procuring a cargo for Old Spain, on account of the intelligence from 300 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. AjKn thfi Mother Countrjr. Cop- tected by the liberty io the policy Kquenily a letter was written to to join convoy. They found their the insurance broker, dated 19th verdict for the plaintiff. 'of June/ desiring him to alter the insurance, as the ship was not to Same v. JSe/ii.— This was an ac- return to Old Spain, but to some tion, under the same drcunsr port in the North, for which she stances, upon the ship, coidd more easily procure a cargo. Mr. Park, for the defendant, She was more than a month taking contended, that the letter of the •in her cargo atthe Havannah, and 19th of June did not convey to «rutcd three days for convoy. In the nnderwriters such information tbe gulph of Florida she met with as would induce them to turn a « hurricane, and was wrecked on summer risk into a winter one. the 25th of October, in company The liberty given by the policy with 150 other ships, five only of was to touch and unload > and if her crew escaping. It was proved the underwriters . had been in? by the defendant that after the formed that the ship woukl have -31st of August commenced the ran the chance of lying five months Printer risks, for which a higher at the Havannah, they would never premium than eight guineas was have undertaken the risk ; they ptid. merely meant by the indorsement Mr. Park, for the defendant, ad- on the policy to give the assured mitted the lengthenment of the fall opportunity of changing their risk by the permission indorsed destination. upon the policy, but contended Lord ElJenborongh laid it down, that it did not permit an alteration that a policy of insurance con- of the lermhtHS d quo of the in- templated the performance of the -^nrance, which was still from Vera voyage with all reasonable expe- Cruz and the Havannah, and not dition ; but if a voyage were pro- directly from the Havannah, and tracted to a subsequent year, if ■ that it was not contemplated that this were done bond fide y the un<: the ship had not then her cargo on der writer would still be liable. He board. remembered a case before Lord l^rd EUenborough held that Kenyon, where a slnp nqt being the underwriters must be taken to able to put into a port in the have contemplated the possibility north, actually camo back to £ng- of all the political changes which land, and tried again the next had taken place, and which might year, and the assured having used take place with relation to Spain ; no undue means to protract the and that they had consented to the risk, the underwriter was held still ship*s procuring a cargo for Eng- responsible. No doubt the pre- land, if she could not get one for sent became a winter risk ; bat if Spain. It had been proved, that this were by no &ult of tbe assured, it was impossible to get a cargo but by the extraordinary occurs at all for the latter country, and rences of events, to which the i>ooner for the former. The Jury assured was not contributory, or would aay whether the waiting over whidi be had no control, ke three days for convoy was not pro- waa stiU in a sltyatiqn to recover APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. sot upon the policy, t^wn tbe letter tbould be allowed to Mil from of (he 19th of JuDe, it tppcarcd their loading port direct to a place tfaat ibe aunred had abandoned of rendezvou* to join coqtoj', 00 the idea of a cargo for Spain, bat condition, tbal in caae of captorai if one had tamed up be would ilill to uiling, a deductioo of 15/. pea have taken it in ; and the defend- cent, tbould be made from iba nnl's agreement ■a^t piocured to inm incuted on the lou nutaincd* pvimit one for England, bx late at Jt appeared, that the ibip ww the 37ih oC July, " if itshouMbe cliariertMl to Malta, leAtheLondorf jbund Apcdient :" this wai bear- Dock on the a6th of March, and ing upon a winter ritk, vhicb it went down the river on tb« a^ih had been proved coninieTuxd on and aSlh. On the motnlng of the 3itt at August. It now ap- the aSth three of (be crew wen pttared by tbe evidence, that tbe preatcd, and the Captain (Tocker> coDToy fiv which the ihip waited went 00 ihore to try to get than w» formed bf a max of merchant- off. Wtiile he wu petitioniDg ■hipi tfaemielvei, and did not coo- Admiral Pole;, at Deal, to that ■itt of a ibip or &hipt of war ; and effect, a signal wai flred from the fort he collection of tucha convoj Ingger Speculator, which wai tbe it wa* necessary to wait : had it convoy, and the Captain went on been the cuie of armed ahipa. It board immediately, but not before fnight have been said that waiting the Speculator had got under for was different iiimx joining ; weigh. He made all diipbtcb, bat there must necetjarily be aome but had not time to gel laiUng in- ttme ipent in cdlecting tuch a Kructiontij and toon loat sight of C4aivoy as this ibip waited three the Speculator, from her being a days for. Ttw question was, who- mile a-head, and the weather tber ibe assured hail abused this being hazy. The crew consisted liberty, and made it the colour for of 30 men and boys j and- nine deUy. The Jury found for the would have been a fall comple- piaiitlifT. ment. I'he Captain deposed, ibit it woold not have been pnident te Court of King's-lench, — Thmi- have worked down before ; the day, Nov. 8. — Special Jariei.-~ wind had changed half in hour Warwick and another V. Scott.— before he got under weigh ; he This was an action upon a policy ■ ■ ■ ■ of insurance, brought by llic exe- cutors of the owner ot the ship Pomona, which was captured on the ist of April, 1813, whilst pro- ceeding to Portamotith to join the Mediterranean or Malta with which shewasaboui in compliance with the )uld have been under weigh sooner if his men had not been iiord Ellenborongh said, the question for the Jory was, whe- ther this was a sailing direct from London to Portsmouth. As only sail, three of the 20 men had been at^ (tracted, and nine or ten woul8 tioos of tlie policy which was ba^ie been sufficient to e effected in the dub calW the vcusl, the pressing of tbe three EtTtish Association, whose rule wa* not a juitifiabis cause of respecdng convoy wa«j tiat ships itcppinii. U the ship could have j-^'""^ baeii /■5r •• 303 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. becD nnder weigh earlier, thede- Rropeity Tax in the first instance, lendant would not be liable; and andbefore a dividend or distribu- ifit had been practicable in the tion^atin other partnership con« oidinary courM of seamanship, the cerns. Captain should have sailed direct } The case having been twioe ar- but if a prudent man would have gaed before their Lordships, the flopped, tlie plaintiffs would be Lord Chief Baron delivered the entitled to reoover.— Verdict for opinion of the Court in termsj Plaintiffs. that each ship was clearly a sepa-* rate adventure in the natore of - Coari of Exchequer, -^Nvu, 28« trade, and was a partnership con- 1814. — Property Tax on th$ fr^ cern, of which the defendant was fits of shipfang, — ^Tha Court this liable to make the return of the ^nr delivered judgment on the whole profits^ as managing owner IbUowing case, which applies to ot husband, and precedeot acting the. general assessment of an im« partner, in order ta a joint assess* imrtant bivnch of the revenue : ment, in respect of each ship, dis* tinct from any other concern^— The AUomey'^Generai v. Sor- Judgment for the Crown in one radaUe. — ^Tbe defendant was pro- penally of 50/. lecQted by information of the At- This decision of the Court esta* torney-General, for the penalty of blishes the-liability of the manag* 50^ incurred by his neglect to ing owner,** or husband, oi every lOake a return, under the Property trading ship, to return the whole Act, of the joint profits, as ma- profits, as precedent acting partner, naging owner, and precedent act- under a penalty for default ; and Ing partner, in the ship Elphin- confirms the general construction Miie, of which the defendant, and and practice, under the Property other persons whose names ap- Act, in regard to a joint and dis* psiared on the register, were part tinct assessment of the profits of owners, and which ship was char- each ship as a separate partner- tared to the East India Company. ship adventure. A verdict was taken for the Crown last Michaelmas Term, in Court of Kvig^S'leuch, — Thurs' the penalty subject to the opinion day, Dec. ai^t^Carstaifs, v. Stein. of the Court, on a special verdict — ^Thc Court was occupied from on the point, — ist. Whether each 9 o'clock in the morning till after ship of this description was a se- 10 o'clock at night in trying a parate adventure or concern in the ooost important action upon the nature of trade : and 2d, If so, case directed by the Lord Chan- wbether the defendant, as manag- eellor between the assignees of ing owner, and ship's husband, Messrs. Kensington and Co* the receiving and distribudng the bankers, and the assigneea of wM^ of the earnings, was the Messrs. Stein, Smith, and Co. who precedent acting partner, and liable were made defendants hj the to make the retnro of the whole Chancellor's order, with power to of such profits, in order to a joint oxaminethem ^ a power of which assessntent and payment of the the defendants* cot^ns^* avaiM themselves. APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 903 themMTvas. The question wm, wbecber the plaintiflfs) had a right to prove^ under the defendants* commiision, a demand of 3 1 4,5 8 1 /. 31. for adiranees to the Scotch house of Messrs. Scott, Smith, Stein, and Co., and 55,448/. 15X. 4^. to the London house of the defendants. It appeared that in Januar>% 1803, the defendants opened an accoant with Messrs Kensington, for their house in town ; and on the 3d or 4th of August afterwards, for the Scotch house, through the agency of Mr. Thomas Smith, and that it was agreed that no advance of money was to be reqaired fix>m the bank- ers, and that they were to have 20,000/. running at a time in bills ; for the trouble of negociating which, the bankers were to have a commission of one half per cent. The agreement, however, was im- mediately departed from in prac- tice» and the bankers were soon and perpetually in large advances to both the Scotch and the London houses, insomuch that the com- mission upon their advances ave- raged 16/. Ss.Sd, per diem. The partners of Messrs. Kensington's bouse were all examined at great length, as well as the defendants, and they contradicted each other as to the circumstance of the former house knowing that Mr. Scott, of the Scotch house, died in 1797. It appeared that Messrs. l^singtons never knew Mr. Scott, and dealt with the Scotch house only through Mr. Thomas Smith. They admitted, however, that the}' heard of Mr. Scott's death in 1806,- but always afterwards con^ sideced that his family derived some benefit from tbe trade 6f the Scotch' firm. On. the ^4th of June, 1806, tho bankers entered into an agreement with Thomas Smith, reciting that the defendants kept an account (which was aU tered by Mr. Edward Kensingtott to ^ accounts**) with the banken^ and that they had applied, and might have occasion again to apply^ to the bankers, for discount ant advances, and therefore Mr. Tho^ mas Smith agreed to deposit with the bankers the lease of tbe d«^ fendant*8 premises in Fenchurch* street, and a certain policy of as* surance for 8,000/. as a general security for the repayment of all advances, past and future, by tbd bankers to the defendants, of (altered to and) Messn. Scotf^ Smith, Stein, and Co., or either of them. The defendants alsode* posited with the bankers secu- rities in bills of exchange, and of lading of spirits, &c. the Messrs. Steins being engaged also as dit* tillers in Scotland. These seen* rities were changed firom time to time by the defendants. The de- fendants* assignees now contended that the whole of the advances in qnestion were made under an usii>> rious agreement for one-half per cent, under the • name of com- mission ; and that, therefore, the plaintiffs had no legal right to re-- cover : and Lord Ellenboroaghlef^ it to the Jury, whether the bank- ers had not, under an unfortunate lure t>£ a large commtsskm, been thus tempted to take more than 5/. pet cent, for their advances. If so, the law was irresistible th^t this was usury. The knowledge of the circumstances was brought -home to some of the partners, and tbe law was that the knowledge of one partner was the knowledge of all. If Mr. J. P. Kensington had 304 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. bad interfered farther tlun be did in the management of the Bank, it appeared that the boUM would not have fallen into its miifbrtDDC If the bankers had abided by theii agreement of never being in ad' Ytacc, there wontd have beert no vaarj, which muit be taking more than 5/. per cent, for the loan or fbrbearaoce of money : bat if the MWKntBian was coaaecled with the fact of being in advance, and operated as an inducement thereto, then it waa unquationably uniri- sut. It had been right!]' held, ibit when bankera were put to liDuble and inconvenience cdla- teral to the advance of money, auch as wat occaiioned by sending •pecie up to London, entailing an mpenie in the diijiosal of it, and by keepng houses and clerks in town for tbe maQagement of their buMnesB, they were entitled to a &ir compensation to meet these cbarget ; but if they overstepped what was lonajide due to them for inch compensation, and mixed with it the consideration of their advauccment of money, that was niury. This bis Lordship laid down as unqneslionable law. The plaintiffs' counsel adduced evi- Aeotc, that one-half per cent, was tbe usual charge for business, such as the bankers transacted for the defendants! but in the cases ad- duced, the parlies mixed up tbe risk they were at upon ihc bills n^ociaied as part of tbe consi- deratiop, and his Lordship ruled that that was usury too, and rsAu- ed the plaintiffs' connsel to take Messrs. Kensington's risk into con- sideration, offering to seal a bill of exceptions, in order that the ques- tion might be set at rest bcfara the House of iiords. He concladed his durge to the laij, bj aayingt that it waf sot k>> painfol to him to direct, than it wonld be to tbe Jury to find, that, in tUv-case, the evideoca was inenstible : that the coaaoMtoa was an induce- meat to the advances of money in question ; and that, therefore, they were usurious, and ixxild not be recovered at law, or proved under a commisuon. Both his lordship and tbe Jury ware bow- , ever, botind to do their duty with firmness, however hardly the per- formance of that duty might anbct those whose misfortunes ought to be treated wiib the tcnderest re- spect, and who appeared to have deserved a better fate. The Jury, nevertheless, after retiring for a very short time, found their verdict for the plaintiA. Guild-hall, JVeJnetday, Decern- her ii. — Siitingt befiire Sir J. Manifield.~ScSnader v. Htatk.— This was an action, to recover the deposit money (397/. tt.) paid On tbe purchase of a ship, which ship had since turned out to be onsea- worthy and uielesas. Alexander Hutchinson, the broker for the plaintiff, swore, that on the 23d day of July last he was present at Lloyd's, when tbe ship Juno wasputuptosale: bebongbt her for 1580/., and paid down a deposit of 397/. aj. The da; pre- vious to tbe sale he went to tbe London -dock to examine the vet- ael i as far as be could judge she was a good vessel ; but as she wa* in tbe water, itwas impoasiblefR him toiospecther hull, and keej and lowei timben. At the time of the purchase be signed a paper of con£tioiu, one of which wn, that the venel^ aboold b« Ukpi with AFFeNDIX XO CHROMGIX. ?as vith al//aulls whatioevtr. At the time lime, however, a printed re^ preMntation, ligned by the defen- ilant, WHS put ibout, and read In the public room ; ic wbicb it wu itated, that the ibip wat uoDiuallj' well founded, and would require Tcjy little outfit ; that ber hull wu particmiarhj good, and ker iteltmd tower timbers as sound at new. — This representation wai of courte g great induL'einenl with the witnen 10 make bii bargain. Immedialelj after the purchaie, the ship wa taken to the dock of Mr. Whj. a ibipwrigbt. to be prepared for her royage. He then had an opportu- sityof virnini; her all over, and saw that he' bottom planka were completely worm eaten, and her keelbrokrn: hcnevcr&awa vc»»el in a worse state. When she was floating in the water at the London Docks these defects were complete- ly concealed. Mr. Woolcombe, the agent for the defendant, was nest called. — Hciold ibe ship : he bad seen her before and after the sate. He had drawn up the description of her ac- cording to tfae best ofbis judgment: fac did not see her keel and hull, bat from the appearance of the up- per parts of the vessel, be con- ceived that the lower were equally KDod. He bad seen her since ; her bottom was much worm-enlcn, and ifae certainly did not answer the description which he had given of ber. He would not have described lier in the manner which he had, if tie had known the real state of tfae ship. Crots-eKamined. — He said, that M the time of nuking bia repre- ■entation, he really iielieved it to be ccHxect. The ship belonged to ji dub. Vot. LVI. TtiomaiTbompton depose!, tluit he was foreman to Mr. Aylca, tbd shipwright : the tblp Juiu wai brought to tbeir dock lobeeumioc^ so long ago as the igth of Marcb last : (this was three montbs b^ fore the sale, al Lloyd's): her k^ was then much broken, and hdr hull worm-caicn. CnptamBalher- ford (the captain ofthe vessel) saw the condition in which she was, biJt would not let them do. with ha what ibey proposed ; he told them to put her inio the water again, which was done the next day; he had not seen her since, till she waa taken to Mr. Way's, when he ktieW her to be the same. Christopher Wynne was deft tb Ayles and Co. Captain Itutho^ ford was present at the inspection of the Juno in Mart4i last, and saw that her keel was broken, and Iter bottom worm-eaten; she wal'bj hii order, however, put into the water again next day wttboul ao^ repair. One guinea was charged for the trouble. Captain Kntber- ford said, be should see Mr. Wil- son, the agent for the owners, at>d would get the guinea from faim. TbeCaptun then gave the witnett the ship's papcn to take to Wibon, and witness left tbem at Wilson'i house. Captain Ratherford said, he feared there would be sonM trouble about the ship. John George Wilson had recrivi ed some papers belonging to the Jutio, from Captain Rutherrbrd : he was himself merely a by-stander at the time of the sale: he was se- cretary to the club to which the ship belonged : it was sold for the benefit of the underwriters : the never saw the riiip, and he knew X nothing 306 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. nothing «bout her; he law Cap- a lupposition musl not be pre- Uin Rotberfbrd, but never bad any lumedi it ought to be nutter of .'coDvehalion with him about llic proof, and not of inference. iiTe of the uhlp or iti condiiion. Sir James MantSeld. — ^There Mr.^ohniledwcl], oneof theclub, certainlj was in thii case a con- ^\i tiic guinea for putting her on tract to lake the ibip with all tbc way at Ayles's dock. fiuhs whalioevei : and it badbeea JeTemiab Mackiolay, a foreman decided on ■ forrnec occasba, that to Aples, (aid, he received agoi- auch general words arc lutGdent nea the Aay the ship went ontbe to cover any particular defect, ua- uiy : he gave a description of her less fraud was coniinilted by the ctate Meciscly similar to that of idler. Frauil might be cooimltted the other witnesses whnsawhcr at by the niiiog of any meant to dis* ibe (lock. guiae a defect, or by the making Mr, Srrjcant Shepherd, fur the of a false represealation to induce defendant, contended, that when any one to buy. Now, what wai a thing was sold in public under a the detcriptioD given in tbik in- Goadition tltat it was to be taken stance— it was, that the hull and .wttli all faiUts, the pui'cliaser was keel were in a particubrly lODud jDOt afterwards at lit>erty tu avoid state, and nearly as good as new. bis bargain, »naccountofanypar- This account was utterly £Jie : it ticular defect, unless a case of cvi- was a gross misrepreseutatioo, and (lent fraud could be made out. misled the purchaser ; for, would Tboie who sell by such a general any mnn in his senses have bought description were not bound fur the ship if an account of ber real apecific warranty. The broker, stale had been given ! It mattered in this case, bad given such an ac- not whether tlie man who drew up count of the state of the ship, as he this description had done so witlt- tbought be was justified in giving out knowing any thing about the from her appearance : this turned fact, ur whether he really knew it. auttDbeanerroneousopininn.but It was la evidence that the ship there was not the slightest evidence was known to be in a very bad ofhis having acted fraudulently. — condition long before the sale, and The case, then, was exactly simi- that the Captaiu had refused to Uf to that of Pickering v. Bown, hare any thing done to ber. The where it bad been adjudged that general words of the contract could the contract must decide between not, therefore, be allowed to pro- the parties, unless deceit bad been tect the seller, where a great de- cmploycd for the purpose of mis- feet, perfectly well kiKiwit, bad representation. Here the reprc- been concealed ; and not only tbat, ■entation came solely from Wool- but a false account had been put GOrobe, and as far as intention went attoiit, which induced tbc ptir- it was honest, fiir it was founded chaser to make the bargain. on hii real Ofuuion. Who, then. Hie jury immediately feuad for could be said to have committed the plaint!^, tbefraud? Itdid not appear that Woolcombe had acted under any GulUhall, Tkuriday, Dec. x*.— inattuctioos from others; and tucb SUttagt tefire Sir J, Maut^M. —Sftdal APPENDIX TO CHEONICI.E. «07 —Sptd anountingin tbewbole to tvelre, pelted to convey tbeir goods in involving different queuioni of ac- crafts, hired on the occasion. coant and expenditure between Mr. Serjeant Lens (with whom tfae parties t but the main subject was Mr. Seijeant Bat) replied, of dispute ti^u, whether the Cogi> that this wts a most extracmlioatf paoy wene bound to pay the fre^t defence to besetupi^snch a great siipobited in tfae agreement, 'uie body as the East India Company. Cunpany nnderlook to pay a sam They bad all the adranl^ at the certain, in consideration that the outward and homeward royags i* ahip's cargo should be oonreyed in £ir as Margate. The unfiMtOBala •afety from ber port in the Sast accident of the ship did not ke^ Indies to tlie port of London. It them back one day from tbe nar- eaicd, fiom the sTideDce, ibat ket : and yet, ander these circum- ditp paiformed ber voyage in stances, they came forward and rfect safely till her arrinl at said, tb»t ibey would bava thair ■rgate, when she was found to bond j all tbe benefits of the agres- be in such a condition that she ineot were toaccmeto tbcm, and, COtdd proceed no fartber, at least for a failure Iti one small parthm- wttbODt mpair : tbe crew in cos- lar, they refused to indeninlfr aa aeqoenoB went on sJiore, and an oatbrtuOate gentleman, for all hia toipectorof tbe East India ConU iaboorsand bisexpenses.emplayssl paiq', who went down for tbe pur- ibr tbeir service. Tbis was, in- poaeof taking proper measures in deed, to claim for themselves (tta this eoorgency, fouodit necessaty strictest measure of justice accord- letake out her cargo, which he ing to the very letter; but he afterwards secit to tbe LtMidon bi^ed, that thdr object was mera- inadut by smail craft. Itwasim- ly to asoertain an important quea- poHible for tfae ship to undergo tion, and not to ruin tbe fortnne* pfoper repairs at Margate, so tlwt of bis client, wlio had worked fal ■b« could not hive carried her tbeir use and advantage, mrgi to (be pert of LondcHi, un- Sir James MansHeld thought lesa she had fuexl gone lo some the worda of the charler-paFtr -rfedt ia tfae rivnr l« be refitted, alear and imperative ; the pUm tiff indiiad then returned to Mai^ale was to tte paid on consideration of -•r'iA»>bipih« cargo. Tbe Com> a contingency, which had not been fmj therefore insisted by thwr fijllillcd. Itcould not byany pot- raiiwsal. Hr. SerjeatH Shepherd, sibility be construed, that to itt^ sC (wb» waa asfisted by Mr, Adam) Msrgate and at London were rhe tbaC ibff condit'iOB (tf tka diartn-' same thing*. parfeci Ws 303 ANNUAL REG I3TEH, 1814. The Jury, however, found Bver- eicc fiir the pUbtiftj making pro- per ollowancei lo Uiu Companjr Jbr difierent espenact which tltzf bad locutrad. Coari of King's Bench, Monday, Fe&. J.— Rex V. Mary Ann Clarke. — The Attorney- General prayed Uiejndgment of the Court upon tbii defeodanl, who bad iiiffervd it to pan againgt her by dcfaalt, upon an indict tnenl for ptibli thing a libel upon ibe Right Hon, Wil- lUra FiUgerald, Chancellor of the Iruli Exchequer, in a pamphlet, ei>. tilled, a Letter to that Gentleman. The libel wat reid by Mr. Deal- try, Deputy-Clerk of the Cro«-ti. office. It accofed ifae prwecuior of (educing bis friend'* wife, pro- curiag the huiband to l>c tent to BO unhealthy climate, and of other matter* (not fit to be roentioiwd in a pabllc paper.) The defendant then put in the fi>N lowing affidarit, which wai reads- Mary Ann Clarke makethoath, that ihe leeh great cancem ai hav- hig beea betrayed into a trolation Of Ifae law: that (be bath been in- timately 8ct]uainted with the pro- locutor and fail father for tnany yeari : that hit father introduced the prosecutor to her previouf to his going to coilem;, a* from the Biiaation in which thig deponent then lived she might do him much •er»ice in his progreit through Hfc. That deponMt did render him many and euenlial aerrice*, and a great degree of btinucy aubiuted botween her and the proHcuior'a •aid Ather, to whom she aba ira- dered many services, and with whom the wai in the hahit oTcor- ivapandiag for a great fe^th of time ; and that ihe by ihu means became poascMed of a great numb«T of hia letter*, and whidi letters were afterwardi, on occauou of a certain inv«ittgalion, submitted to a Select Comniiltee of the House of CammoLit j that tlie CDDtent* of Bome of tbete letters transpired; and as defendant wai informed by Ihe prciicculor, it was suggerted to him by a nierabcr of his Ma- jesiy's GoTernment, ibat if tbote Jeilers were exposed to the public they would be highly deiriuienial lo the protprcti ci the prosecutor and hit lather, and ibe former would be no longer able lo repre- icnt the borough of Euuis, which had co«t him a large sum of mo- ney; that the prosecutor became alarmed as to these letters j and immediately flfler they were or- dered to be mtored to thU depo- aent, tha prosecotDi came to her in the greatest distiesi and agony .of mind, to requcil the destruction of thofc lettem and ibe greater r»rt of which he obtained poiiet- tion of; and under promise* of reward and fxiaar, this deponent permitted them to be destroyed in his presence, after he had made himself acquainted with the con- tcnii. That deponent having great coufidence in the prosecutor's tald father, intrusted him with the keeping of many letters and papeia of great importance) and amonnt otfaen, she entrusted him with a letter from a person in high aniho- rily, conveying his asauraiiCB sf .pntvidiog for deponent's only Job. Thai soon after the proseculot had Euned hi* pcHnt, by procuiiag the destruction of the taid ietten. be totally wrfhdfcw biuudf from bar APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. S09 asafriead and visitor, where he had been pee? ioasly a constant and almost a daily one, and estranged himself from all friendship towards her ; and instead of the reward she had been promised, he, and his fa- ther, refused to return her papers which had been deposited in trust, and the prosecutor's father assured her he had destroyed them, and had burnt the said letter contain- inz the promise of provision. And this deponent further saitb, that the letters which she now hath in her possession, in the hand- writing of the said prosecutor and his fa* ther, clearly prove the truth of the above matters, respecting their oonespondenoe with, and obliga* tions to, this deponent, both before and since the proceedings in 1809, daring a period of about fourteeii years. 1 bat deponent repeatedly remonstrated with him on these matters, but finding those remon- strances un;ittended to, and being vexed in a very short time, two mr thre$ polumss, which may be fidlowed by others as opportunity abaU soiti or circumstances re^ qoire.'* 80 that the whole world were at the mercy of Mrs. Clarke's opportonities and cixeomstances. tm Attorney-General hoped the asntenceof the Court would, at least* teach her to hold her hand, and to refrain from the publication of future libels. Mr. Brougham then addressed the Court in mitigation of the de« ftndant's punishment. Before the Court protiounced judgment upon the defendant, Ma^ Anne Clarke, the Attorney- €reneral thought it his duty to in- timate that he had to pray judg- ment against Wm. Mitchell, who had su&red it by default, under an indictment' for printing the fore- mentioned libel. At the same time the Attorney-General believ- ed him to be the ignorant agent of other persons whose names he re- Aiaed to give up, and he had no* thing to uige against him beyond the mere fact of his being the |>rioter of this atrocious libel. The defendant said that he was seventy years of age, and had never receiv- ed any profit from the sale of the libel. Mr. Justice Le Blanc prooounoed the judgment of the Coort upon both defendaotii who, he said, had acknowledged tbemaeives guilty, the one of being die catbor and publisher, and the other the printer and circulator ctf a libel agpiost « private individual, of ao fiBot a na« tme that the Court would not re« peat it: the char|pss, if tme, woold render the prosecutor unfit for the aitnatioo he holds, or, indeed, for aoy other. There was no doubt of the libellooa tendency of this publication ; and there could be as little that the motive in which it originatedi and which induced the threat of those other volumes which the defendant, Mary Ann Cbrke* atated herself to have in medita* tion, was the desire to raise money fay the purchase of their soppxes- sion. His Lordship hoped this would be a warning to the worid, how they formed hasty and impm* dent connections ) and fyr the de« fendant herself, be trusted the ao* litude and confinement to which it would be the duty of the Court to sentence her, would induce her to review her past life, and repent of those errors which had brought her to her present situation* It was always painful to be obKged to visit the sins of the fathers upon the children 5 but in some cases the separation of the latter fitm the former might be attended with beneficial results t whether that might be the case in this instance^ it was not for the Court to toqmre. Taking nil the drcnmstanoes into its consideration, the Court did order and adjudge that the defen* dant, Mary Ann Clarice, should be committed to the custody of the Marshal of the Marshalaea (the King's Bench Prison) for the apaoe of nue calender months, and at die end of that period «nter into secu- rity 10 keep the peace for three yean, in a recognisaooe, herself io lOo/. and two surettea in 10C1& each, and be finrther luupriwHMS till that aecurity be given ; mA that Cho ddciMfemt, WiUim MitcheU, APPENPIX TO CHRONICi-E. 3U Alilplifll^ fhomld be imprisoned in posts were papers and bundles pf the same gaol for four calendar w^ood, with tiie strings cat. l|ii ixaoqtbs. the fiont parlour was a baDd-bo:f« brought from Mrs. Sturman's rooai« Old BaiUy^ Saturday, Feb, 19. full of wood and papers, close iff William Sturraan was indicted for the partition. There were al^ setting fire to a bouse he tenanted some wooden steps, and three in Half-moon-street, Piccadilly, clothes-horses, which had becb with intent to defraud the Globe usually kept down stairs, in the Insurance Company, with whom wash-house. There were stock- his furmture was insured, to the ings of her master's scattered aboiit amount of 1500/. the stairs, and rags, which she had l^Iary Wright, the first witness, used in dusting the tables. Theip deposed, that she lived servant with smelt very strong of turpentine^ the prisoner at No. 9, Half-moon* and she believed some of the stoclc'^ street, Piccadilly. He had a wife ings did also. A bundle of match^ and child, and they were the only was lying on the wooden stepii^ residents in the house. She bad and there was a great fire in ibc lived with him eight days. On the front parlour with two red-bdt litbof January, at nine o'clock in pokers in it. The lamp was re« the morning, her mistress said to moved to the back pantry. Tiie b^f that they were going out to curtains of the front parlour she dinner, and she might go out for a found drawn. Her master's bed* fpw hours after she had shut up the room windows, and her own werp house. Mrs. Stprman went away opened, and his shutters closed.—^ about half-past twelve. The prt- The snow was deep on the ground (oner told her to bring some seed at the time. She called for assist* fqr a canary bird. He then shew- ance, and a boy came first ; Cap* ed her how to unlock a patent lock tain Kempster and his servant, wno op the firont door. He told her to lived next door, came also, adl) ha hotxm at half-past eight o'clock, soon extinguishol the flames. Tibe tp leave all safe, to have a fire bookcase and drawers, in the front ready, and leave a lamp in the parlour, were all apparently fastep* passage, which she did. When ed when she went out, but on hejr she went out at four o'clock, she return she found them all thirow^ barred the shutters, but did not open, and stripped of their con^ draw the curtains. All f he fasten- tents ; the bird-cage was also gope. fJ9g^ were secure when she went put. At half-past nine o'clock her mas^ $be returned at 20 minutes before ter and mistress came back, ai^|| i^ht o'clock, and finind the house on his bein^ told the house #^| in flames. The door-posts of the robbed, he immediately cried oi^^ back dining-room were in flames. " My writing-desk it gone, and 1 Tfym were some boards on fire am a ruined man.** Mr. Dehbam lying against the door-posts, which came a 4ay or two afterwards, anf| !h(4^rmer]y been kept in the wine her master told her to fetch t^o ceUar, of which her master kept lurpendoebottlesirom a cup-board ^ key* On the other udcTof the in the back pantry, in which ^\\p had 312 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. kad never seen any bolllei of tur- pcDtioe before, and if ihejhad been tfaera, ihe ibooght she must have Kcn them. There was no fire in ■ny part of the houte except in ihe front parlour. People veij- often came for money, but got none. On being cross-examined, ihe ■aid the jari of oil and lurpentbe night have been there, aa ihe bad be«i only eight day* with them, and had no great opportunity of looking about the bouse. John Levoy deposed, that he Vat passing along Half-Moon- tireet, beard a cry of " fire," and went to No. 9, where he obsen-ed the lame appearance ai ibe last vltnesa slated. When the pri- ■oner returned, and was told that liit wriiing-dcsk was broke open, be appeared much agitated. The lire appeared to have been recently Righted. The firemen and the police offi- cers who entered the house, pro- 'dnced Ihe half-burnt rags and two liDllles, one containing turpentine and the other oil. Mr. Oenham, Secretary to the Globe Insurance, said, that when hequestoned the prisoner, he could not fix his suspicions on any parti- cular person. He told his servant Id bring him two ilone bottles. Doe containing turpentine and the other oil ; and in describing the ^lace to her where she would find Ibem, be had tome difEculty in nuking herundcntandhim. On the whole, the answers which the prisoner gdve to the witneu's inter- rogatoriea, wei^ made with appa- rRRthcRlation. ' Mn. Martin, itster in law of the prisoaBT, prored, that 00 the da^ ten minutes past 8 iu the eTening- Several witnesses were also call- ed to shew that (he prisoner was apparently shon of money, and not likely to have 500/. in ^nk of England notes, by him, as he said he had, and which he alleged were stolen ont of his desk. An auctioneer also proved that he iiad made an inventory of his furniture, which be valued atyiS/. but wbich he was convinced might be bought for £00/. His interest in the lease of bis house had been insured for Soot. his furniture for ijooj^ and the lease itself forijoo/. which, byco> venant, he was bound to insure for For the prisoner, a servant of hii brother-in-law, at HxAncf, proved, that he called there about four o'clock on the afternoon of the same day in question, but the family was from home. He waited about half an booTj and then went away. A waiter at iheTel^aph Choa House tbought he had seen (he prisoner before, but coold not re- collect his having ditied at bis master's house on the day in (Question. A woman, who bad lived ser- vant with |be prisoner about twelve months ago, swore that she had seen two stone bottles, one with tnrpeDtioe, and one with oil, which supplied the lamp. Several witiseiaea gam bim a good character. Verdici— Oitt/Jy. He flonfaawd the Act bcleiv «euiT APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE 313 coriT OF Ktvo'i sivcBt HON' that lliers wu DO nbligation upon DAY, Ai-Rib i8. any rain to admiuisicr lo an iRiei> Leiidan adjourneJ Sittingi afier tate'i eitatc. Mr. Fark EUied, Hilary Term, 1 814. th>l tbe lint quntioji whicli would jkkerUf, Ely. T. Ptmltrlon, would be railed was, whether this D. D. and Matuisley, Clerk. — action could be maintaitied at bH,. ThiswH an action brought by a of which, after ihc Ule case of barriUcr, retiding at Baib, against fieauToin v. Sir Willinm Scott (3 the vicar general of (he diocese of Campbell, 388) which had been' Chester and his surrogate, for es- acquiesced in, tbero could be do communicating the plaintifl'. It doubt) and tbe tecoud quntioa ■p{M»red, that the plaintiff's la- would be, whether, if the acticm- tber having died inintale at Che^ could ever be maintained, it could. to, the plaintiff refuied to tako in this cate. where the court bad out administration of hi) estate and a clear jurisdiction, however thej efiects, and was sued by c«rtaia might have mistaken the law. As persons having an interest in the to tbii question, Mr. Park contend-' estate, at well in the Court of ed, that they had not a jurisdiction Cbeiter as in the Court of Chan- to compel a man to cake upon eery, upon a bill filed against bitn himself the otficc of admiaistrator, for an alleged intermeddling with Upon the subject of damages, it ■iKh estate. Tbe plaintiff was was admitted that the plaintiff'a cited in the Court of Chester for eipenici incurred before tbe ap- not appearing, and was proDounc- peal to die delegates was S4I. 141L ed contumacious ; and on the 39lh iid., and in that appeal 179I. igs;. of December. 1807, sentenced to in addition lo which the jury tbe pains of the grtater excommu- would give the plaintiff such com- okation. The Ittier excommuoi- pensatton for the anxiety and tt- cation excludes a party only from proach of tbe excommunication as tbe communioD of the church ; they should think just ; tbe sche- ibe greater incapacitates him from dule of excommunication, ihoogh being a juryman, a witness, from transmitted to the Bishop of Batb nung at law or in equity, and and WelU, in whose diocese the upon a writ ^ excommunicale plaintiff resided, was never lead tafUnJo being awarded, to iropri- in tbe plaintiff's parish church, OB lonment in any of his Majesty'* account of the immediate appeal to gaoU till reconciled to tbq church, the court at York, and the plain- llw plaintiff appealed against this tiff was absolved from excommn- sentence to the Consittorial Court nicaliun on the 38th of July, 180S. of the archbishop of York, which Lord Ellenborough said, there confirmed the sentence of tlia was no douht but thattbesenteocs Court of the bishopric of Chester ; was a nullity and void } for, sop- aad theocB to the High Court ot poaing the Court bad the power to IMentei, consiiting of three of excommunicate a roao for not hia Majesty's justices, and four or taking out letters of admioistra- fiwe doctors of civil law, who re- lion, (iato which it was unaecea- vened the sentence of excommu- sary to inquire, although he had nication 00 the 71b of June, 1811; no very doutHful opinion upon the bddiogj as the law cettainly it, subject)) tbe plaintiff never wan required 314 ANNUAL KECilSTJift, 18U.' required to take upon binuetf the sdminUl ration before be wu ex- communicated for ihe rafuiali he WM only required to appear and ■hew cause, so that h« wu never io contempt. Mr. Abbott, for the (IcfeDdanls, uld, be sbould not contend that the (entence of excommunicaiion was right ) but the laitei part of the original citation cited the plain- tiiFto appear and take adminiitra- Lord Eilenborough. TbeoSeoce it espreHsly ilated to be the not appearing in iirtiwe ad., and the teotence i* a noUity. His lordship then observed, ihut tlic declara- tion charged both the defendants to have comniiited the wrongs Molkiautly. Now a principal is not liable for the individual malice of bis agent; the plaintiff muit Ihereforeeither abandon the charge of malice against the agent, or a- gainst both ibe defendants. Mr. Park said, there was no im- ttutatiou of it against either. Mr. Abbott then submitted, that upon the ^ce of the proceedings it did not appear that the defend- ant. Dr. Pemberton, was answer- able at all. Lord Eilenborough observed, that the schedule of excommuni- caiion was charged to be transmit- led bj the d^foidoMi to the Bishop f^ Bath and Wells; it would be a point very At for the cansidera- tion of the Court hereafter, whe- ther the plaintiff, having joined the defendants, and stated them joint- ly to have committed certain wrongs, coald aflerwarda prove against one only. He migbt have charged the Vicur-Genenl with DFo^eding tfanrngb the tgeiicj of his surrc^ate. It ai^)eaa«d tfait the Ttcar-geoertl presided at the lir.t Ur. Abbott submitted, tttat the words before ihc ilcfeadjuit Pem- berlon, to:, were werclj ihe Kile of the court, and did not ncDes^ saritj import (hat he was preseot ; and it Wits stated, that the suno- gate vicar general decreed, Ifc, hold Eilenborough said, he should have listened lo ihe learned counsel's objaciioDi if there hail beea any person before oaraed lo which the word " surrogate" wofild apply i but the vicar general wm befbre alone spoken of; and thit requisition afterwards was to Bf- pear before the said Thoints Pem- berton, or bis surrogate- Mr. Abbott then addressed the jury, and contended, that if the judge of ihe court bad jurisdiction of the subject metier, though bis sentence might be reversed as m- roneous, no action at law againet him would lie, Ihe seotsoce w certainly erroneous, beouiae so day was assigned on which Ihe plaintiff was to take the admini. slratioD, and probably because the court bad no right to compel hiio to do so. Lord Eilenborough said, be would give the defendants leara lo argue these points on bwimd &t « nonsuit i and would atprcaeUas- sume that the action was maisi- tainable, lite proceeding being certainty irregular. Tht ecck^ir astica] courts weie vmcd with no other compulsory process tbao that ofexcommuoicatioB: ibishiaionl- ship was BvaCB was a g/ttM hwL' ■hip, and ihef BifTeitcd iLmj^ $ poiloos rupomibilky, Mr. AbbdU Uwi cnSaei Iw- Ktf to the ^mtiM rr inmiyii "the pMM tC ^y'inBiiintBWMn APPENDIX Tb CHRONICtE. SIJ IM*er haag over the pliintiff j for tbe Kbedoie wu never md in the fiariih chnrcb, forij dtyt after which, upon a lign^eavU lo (be Court of Cbancerj, a writ di t»- coM. cap. mar be obtained, the JMuoig of which it would bare tieea competoit to tbe plaintiff to have oppoied there, or be might bar* moved to quash it in tbe Court of King*! Bench, where it it returnable, upon tha ground of tbe noUily of tbe sentence. It had been cantended bj Mr. Park, tliat fhe affirmation of the Court of Ap* pw] at York reviKd ibe aenlence. Tbii Mr. Abbott denied ; but if it i\d, that waa tbe action of othera, and not of the defeodanti. lixe {Aaintiff was all this wbile ctmta- macioaa. Tbe question of the aullitjr vi tbe lenience was never toonght before the naind of the cotirt at York, where a common lawyer pTCsded^ and when it was before tbe delegates, tbe sentence wasnrersed, as well on account ct tbe intuffitaeucj of interest in tbe feipoadents, as on the ground at tbe appellant's' not bciug com- pellable to adnunittcr ; and the Court did not gi«e the appellant coals. Tbe apt^al to the delegates wai on account of tbe error of tbe court of York, and were the de- fendaot* to answer for the errors Lord Eilenborongh charged tbe jary, that tbe plaintiff, had bj ibc void sentence of the defend- aoti, been placed in a sitnition from wbidi be could not be re- liemd mtbout incurrii^ all the ex- pense for which he now sou^t ne^iaticHi in daniages. It waa oeariiary far him to appeal to the CBun at Yotk for ibsolutioD iram thciestteooeof eiKomnMinicatkwii bat mtli neb abnlntion be did not obtain an abaohite diicbtfgt from tbe original cilalionsttd suit, which he ought to have olAitiiied. iflbe court of York bad put hin ta statu quo, bad completely i^ lieved him, be needed not have gone further: a suitor was not bound to tell the Court it was ia error : it was rather his duty ta ' receive the law from the coorti The plaintiff was, therefore, eti> titled to recover his costs of appeal to the delegates. It was tmc^ that if tbe writ de eioom. cap. had been issued, the Court of King'a Bench would have relieved the plaintiff in one second : but wb» was to lue tbe writ? Not tbe plaintllF against himself. Malioe was not imputed ; but the plain, tiff WIS seven months under a sen- tence of excomaiunicatiou not published. The jury gave tbe plaintiff' 3<)4l. 13s, iid. Caurl of King's Bend, fl Special Jury. The King a^aiiut Dixon. This was an indictment agatntt a baker residiug in Cc^thall Cotirt and finch Isne, on behalf of whom a London Jury assesKd tbe damages at one sliilluig of a ires- pass, agaiust an incompetent In* quest, for seizing bread, one of the loaves of which was twdve ounces deficient in weight j and tbe present indictment cjiarged (be defendant with the offence at common law of selling onwbole- ■ some bread. Tbe indictment charged, that the defendant betog intrusted to provide the Rojru Military Aaj'lum at Chelsea with good and vbdeMxnc bread nDdar 1 contract^ which be bad en* tercd 316 ANNUAL REGISTER, I8U. tend into with (liat instilntion, did unliwlultyi fraudulenilj, and deceilfully, fof liia own wicked lucre, on the i;tli of November, -1813, deliver to tbe institution £97 cinartern loavei, at and for good aai whntesome bread, where- as, on the contrary, ihey were not tucbi but contained divers noiioui aad nowbolesome ingredienti not fit for tbe food of man. Tbe ■tlorney-geoeral stated the case on bebalf of ibe prosecutors, bf which it appeared tbat Ibe jityiam then tn:iintaincd and edu- cated 1200 children, male and fe> tn^, of non-commissioned officer! and private soldiers, of which in* ■titutlon ihe Duke of York it pre- tideiiL Tbe defendant contracted to supply them with good house' Iiold bread at three 9-31 per cent. under ihe assize price, from tiw 95th of December, iSta, for one year; with a proviso, that if any of the bre.id should be found of inferior quality, the qaaniily so found might be returned, other bread purchased at the market price elsewhere, nnri the contrac- tor would pay for the s.nme. It appeared from the evidence- (.f the (juartcT-master of tlm iniiiiulion, of the commandant (Lientennnt- Cotonel WilUamson), and of se- ven of ihi; children, (one of wliom was a female) , that the bread de- livered by the defendant ou Sa- turday, the day in question, was served out lo t!:e children on Sun- day, Monday, and Tuesdny fol- lowing, every child having Ihe . 3Dth part of a quartern loaf for its breakfast, broken into a mess of milk-porridge. The childreu found their brend so nmgh and dry to the taste, that the majority of them rg«:ted tbetr brcakfiist, aad complained (o the comoundaot of the badness of the bread, shewing him lumps of alum of the aiie of a bone-bean, which tbey fband sticking tberein. Tbe command- ant oauaed half a dosen tnon of the loaves to be cut, and foaod them taste very sour: 83. which remained were onlered to be re- tnrned to tbe defendant, who did not cootinne lo supply the aiylum longer than ibe exptraii«i of hts year. They had been obliged to purchase elsenhsre several timet before. The commaadtnt took the piece of bread, with a lamp of alum in it, which was produced in court, to the lord mayor, for whom the defendant said he did not care. His lordship attended in court to identify it. Tbe cook of tbe institution proved that tbe milk-porridge, on the morning in question, was perfectly sneet and good. Mr. M'Gregor, turgeca to tbe asylam, testified as to the iin- wholeiomenest of alum in bread. particularly lo children, loiae of whom were of tbe age of only five years, lis lendttncy was to pro- duce nausea in the stoniacb, and constipation in the bowels. Mr. Scarlett, for the defendant, contended, that the indite mcnt charged liim with knowing tbat this ingredient was in the bread, and with knowing that it was noxious, neither which AcU had been proved. The fact was, that the baking nas iairucted to a foreman, and alihough the defen- dant might be civilly answerable for the acts of his servant, he mt not criminally. He also imnteDd- ed that alum was not noxioo* ta the very small qtiautity in which it was used by the trsde, and an- dearoored to repel the prejudieea under which ttwy laboured. He had never knowa mora tbaa ooa baker APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 317 baker make a fortune by his busi* nesSf and he was a biscait baker. He admitted that ander the act 37 Geo. 3. c. 98, tlie defendant was liable to a fine of 10/. and other punishment for mixing alum with his bread. — * Goodeve, the defendant's fareman, proved that the cqstom of the trade was to mi a half a pound of alum with a sack of fiour» which made 82 quartern loaves of the weight of four pounds -5^ os. each. It was melted in a pan of water with which the dough was made, and caused the yeast to work quicker and the bread to look finer, and the loaves to sepa- rate without robbing each otlier. He could not account for ihe iiimps of alum in the bread. He liad been eleven years in the trade, and this was the general u%age. Bread might be made without ahim : it was his custom, as fore- man, to buy the alum at the oiU ahopa every day as he wanted it, and he brought it home concealed In a paper in his pocket; four- pence halfpenny paid for alum for a whole batch. For the last three months he bad uned a patent yeast, which supplied the place of alum. Raspings for dogs and pigs wer$ made of the rejected bread. They bad put boiled potatoes into the bread for the Asylum when the yeast was bad. The bread had been returned ten or a dozen times during the year. In answer to questions from Lord Ellenborough, the witness aaid he was ignorant of the com- position of the patent yeast, but he thought there must be something like alum in it. He charged the defendant with the alum, not by mme, but included it under the «rord expenses, which compre* bended besides, candles, woo^i &c. Dr. Birkbeck was called to prov^ the innoxiousness of buch a quan* tity of alum ; but being a quaker^ he could not be examined upoa his affirmation in a criminal c^se^ and he refused to be sworn. Lord Ellenborough charged the jury that the defendant was deal« iog with noxious ingredients, and if he would do so, he mpst take especial care that the use of those ingredients was not overstepped, and the health of his Majesty's subjects endangered. He had no right to shelter himself under an unknown composition ; but if It proved to be injurious, he was re- sponsible, the same as a medical man who undertook to administer drugs, without a regard to their quantity and quality, or the na- ture of the human stomach, of all which he was bound to have a knowledge. As to the master being responsible for the acts of his sen'ant, if he shut his eyea against a knowledge of those acts, he must take the consequences, criminal as well as civil ; and onq who deals in articles of food is bound so far to superintend hia trade, as to prevent mischief to the public health. The jury found the defendant guilty. Mortimer v. Rolinson, This was an action brought by a captain in the army, npw serving under Lord Wellington, again s^ Messrs. Robinson and Lre, wlio were, till the ist of August, 1S12, partners, as attornies, in Lincoln's*- Inn, where the defendant Robiup son still practises alone with crc« dit and reputation ; but the defen- dant Lee having become insolvent, and 918 ANNUAL REGISTER, 18U. md taken the benefit of an iniol- Tent act, had suffered judgment to tihts action by default. The ob- ject of the action was to recover from the defendant Robinson the ttxm of 2000/. which the plaintifF had depomed in the hands of •Mr. Lee, for the purchase of an annuity, the defendants being jointly his soKcitors; and the ques- tion was, -whether this was such a joint employment and entrust- ing of Messrs. Robinson and Lee » warranted the plaintiflF 10 claim the money of Mr. Robinsou, as the solvent partner. On the part of the defendant, it was contend- ed, that as this sum was received by Mr. Lee as his own personal account, and embezsled by him, Che plaintiff had no right to call upon Mr. Robinson for it 1 but Mr. Park, for the plaintiff, quoted the case of Willett v. Chambers, Cowper 814, hi which it was hdd, where of two attomies or conveyancers, one of the partners gave a separate receipt for a sum of money, still the other was lia- ble for it. It was proved in evi- dence, that the plaintiff employed the defendants as hrs joint attor- tmst and had receipts for payments to them in the year 1808, on their joint account. In 18 1 1 he applied to them to lay out loool. in the Surchase of an annuity, and aaw fr. Lee, who told him he knew of a client, Mr. Hlingworth, who wanted to grant such an annoity upon two houses, the title-deeds of which were lying on his table. Mr. niingworth also proved that lie had such a with, and tfaftt ba called at the office of hit solid- ton, Messrs. Robinson and Lee, laveral times on tiMit holiness^ generally seeing Mr. Lee. Tha plaint i^ being ordered abroad to Sicily with his regiment, diieoCad Mr. Timbrell, the porchaaer of an estate of his in WUtsfaiie, to pay the snm in question over to Mr. Lee i and that defendant wrote to Mr. Tfmbrell to pay the moo^ into the hands of his bankera, Messrs. Child and Co. to his pri- vate account. This Mr. Timbrtll accordingly did, knowing nobody in the transaction but Mr. Lee. The receipt of the snm was ac- cordingly entered by the bankara 10 the private account of Mr, L&t, Messrs. Robinson and Lee having a joint account with the aaaae bankers. The plaintiff's letters to Mr . Lee on this business were ad- dressed to him only, and not ta Messrs. Robinson and Lee. On the 15th of September, 1813, tbe partnership being dissolved, tfaa pbiintiff.on his return toEogland, wrote to tbe defendant L^, di- lected Na 19, Lambeth Road, within therulesof tbe King'sReadi Prison, where be then was, him if he could prove by any wkiether Mr. Robinaon was con- eemed in tbe pntchase of Ina annuity as well as bimself, and whether the receipt of tbe aoool. waa entered in the partaewkip books. This, Lord £llenboraQ|^ observed, looked as if the plaintiff began to feel the hazard of fik ease, about which he was aniioos to obtain all the proof in hm power. On the 14th of October, 1813, he. wrote to Mr. Robinaon, intimating that Mr. Lee bad told him there was a sum due to him ftom thepaftnersbipooooem,wbicb might go towanto payh^ Lae!1i debt to tbe plaintiff: be would be glad to know whether lUa infivw mati under the 43d Geo. Ill, c. 84. and j3d Geo. III. c. iM. The fin( Act enacts, (hat tie rector shall reside on hisrectort; and the latter provides, ihat if bt cannot, or do not reside tbeic, be shall keep a licensed cutate lo perform the duties of his chuttA, It appeared, that though Dr. Sndlh kept no regular licensed caratt, as he ought lo do, under the lattsi Act, yet the plaintiff himself bsd Bctoally resided there, and did tho duties which he now~ came iotc court to complain were neglected j and the rector, though he had not so licensed the plaintiff as hn curate, had actually nominated him as such to the bishop} bat such nomination appeared to hm been informal. Much animad- version was made by tha defend- ant's counsel on tha plain tilTi conduct in bringing this action^ and the Learned Chief Justice, Sir Vicaiy Gibbs, made some obser- vations of the same nature thereon, btit observed, Ihat, however im- proper or unbecoming a Christian, a gendeman, and a neighbour, towards the defendant, yet tb* action must be treated in the samemanneras o(hers of the same kind, inasmuch as (he plaintiff had a right to bring such action, tbe defendant not having complied witli the before- mentioned sta- tutes. Tbe annnal value of tli« living, and the rector's absence from it, being proved, the Jury, under the direction of his Lord- ship, gave a verdict for ryol., one- third of that value, after deduct- ing out-goings, agreeably to the provisions of the act. Meath Assizes, Augitif, 1814.— Thomas Burrtnvts, Etf. Platiitig'. —The J'lhiiUlaiili of the Barony 340 ANNUAL KEGISTEB, 1814. ^ l^vcr Mojfenragi, in the .pafotenti, Mr. G. wa> under \kiK Ctunlji ef Meath, Defcndnnts.— necessity of resorting to legal pro- Mr. Grdttan slaicd (he dcclaraiioD. ceu. Id October, 1813, the last Jl was brought upon an origitui May reut being in arcear, Mr. wtit of the Court of King't- G. received a note frotn Mi. beoch. It stated, that Thomas O'Connor, informing him that if Burrowes, who sued as «c)l for he went \o Daugan, the rent the King at for himself, com- would be paid: but it not being plained, that certain malcfaclort convenient for Mr. G. to leave to him, and also to Humphry Dublin, he wrote to Mr. Hum- Doyle, the servant of the said pbrey Doyle, of Tiim, to whom BoTTOwes, unknown, on tbe sStb he sent a receipt, requesting him day of October, 1813, at Dungan, to receive tbe rent from Mr. in the parish of Laracer, within O'Connor, amounting to T$ol. the Barom-of Moyfenragh, in the Mr. Doyle applied to Mr. county of Meath, did assault and O'Connor, who appointed a par- rob tbe said Doyle to the araount ticular dny for payment. Mr. of 749/. 15'. 7i(^. the property of Doyle, on the day appointed, ac- ihe laid Burrowes ; that aaid conlingly went to Dangan. Doyle, jmicediaicly after said rob- Humphrey Doyle wasesamined. bety, did make hue and cry as di- On the day appoioicd for paying rected bj statute, but neverthe- the rent he went to Dang^n, be- lew the said defendants have not t ween eleven and twelve o'clock, yet made any amends to the said where Mr. O'Cosnor resided: a Burrowes, for the said robbery: man met him at the gate, who in- Dor have apprehended the bodies formed him he wa« waiting, by of the aforesaid felons, not tbe Mr. O'Connor's orders, to take hu body of any of ihem ; nor hate horse, and directed him to the they hitherto answered for the place where he would meet his bodiei of any of them, or tbe body master. He accordingly went to of either of them ; but have per- a house at a distance from the mitted the taid offenders and high road — it was the garden felons to escape, in contempt of house — here he met Mr. O'Con- the King, to the great damage of nor. They sat down, aiu) Mr. said Burrowes, Arc. ; and the da- O'Connor desired his son Roderick magei were laid at 1000/. to go for the slocking. Roderick Mr, Jcbb stated, that the ques- went, and soon returned with a lion to be tried was of the highest stocking, in which were bauk- Iraportance to the public. The notes. Roderick delivered tbe lands of Dangan were siluaic stocking to his father, who then wilbin the barony of Moyfenrsgh, desired him to go about his bosi- and had been demised by Col. ness ; - and the witness only rc- Burrowes to Boger O'Connor, mained with the elder O'Couoor. Ek]. (he now proprietor, whose After some convertatiou, CCt^- rent was payable half-yearly, and nor paid him the rent, amounting was uitJilly received by Mr. Gre- to 750/., and be gave him Gft- gory, an attorney, and the Co- gory'i receipt. He asked for pen lonel's agent— but owing to tardy and ink to mark tbe notea ) Mr. O'Connor APtENDiX TO CHRONICLE. 381 O^CoAnot ibid he had no nicfa seaTcb Ibe maaef might be hmtd tbing. He tben made a memo- hid, periiapi in tLc thatch of mok Mndum of the amount wilb a cal»D ; be replied, thejr ne not (b pencil, and put it, with the notes be found now; wimea* got bit rolled up, in a handkerchief, and horse, and, being Teiy weak, rafc put the handkerchief into his coat home to Trim: in tbe ooorae df poeliet. He bad not gone more the day be made bd affidivit df than a few perche* from the bouM the robbery before the Ber. WiU where he leccived the rem, lead- liam Elliott, a justice of tbe pens ingto the avenue where be had for the county of Meatb. left bis liorie, when a person he Doyle, in his crou-examitiBtioa, did not know ran from behind a stated that be wa* not aemnttb bush ; hit face was niaiked with any person — ibat be wai a coroMr a ;Hece of doth. He threw him in Meatb, andPoatronterof Trim f tlown by a violent push, which that the robbers tied hini to a made him trip. A second person laurel tree ; that be wn not came up. They tied him with guggcd, and didnotcryootlnslily : cords by the wrists and the fi^, that lie tinted for fifiEen minuieii and lefi him in a taint. When be extricated himself byconiriv- he rM^vered, be found he was ing to get bis hand into hb pocket, tied to a tree j by much labour be from which he took a knife, aod Contrived to get one band into his cut the ropes, waistcoat pocket, where be found Mr, M'Nally, for the deleDd> « pen-knife, with which he cut ants, laid, be Iwd seen but one the card that tied bis bands and record of a similar natare, whieh logs, and also eitricated iiimself bad been tried in' the county ftf fnxn the tree to which he had Waterford ; but, in England, such been tied — bii wrists were black- actions were freqiiemly brou^t. •ned with tbe cord — ttie whole of He made several observatioKs oa the mon^ and the handkerchief the improbability of tbe traDSH> were taken from bim, bathe (ioti, and tbe interest which Doyle, knew not either of the .person* the witoen, had, as to cbaracier wbo robbed bim. On recovering, and to pecuniary ol^ccts. In ob< be returned to the garden-boose, taioiag a verdict for Plaintiif. where be met Mrs, Smith, who Boger O'Connor being sworili ^e bim a drink of water ; and stated, that Doyle took down tbe m a short lime Mr. O'Connor antmint of the notes witb a pencil; came up, to whom he told bis folded Ibem in a handkerchief, •tory, as be bad now related it. wl^ the penciled memoranthun, Mr. O'Connor seemed much lur- and put tbem into bis pocket; prised at the relation, and said he aaid he was in a hurry, hanog to believed there wen robbers on tbe aettle the account of a Mr. Bit* demesne ; two strange iUlow* had burst's auction ; after paying tho boeo lurking since Monday) he rent, he walked with biro soma aiknd to bring bis workmen from length, tben went a contrary way, tbe barn, and search tbe ne^> and In about ten minatea beatd bourfaood t the witness said it was Doyle say tie was robbed. Ooyk useless} O'Connor said, ibat on a Mid it was no a&ir of hit] ba Vol. LVJ. Y would S22 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. woald oot be at the lots^ for he -•would go to Trim, lenre Dotice on I the chnrch-wardensy and recover the money of the eounty. The witnen earnestly requested of him to shew the spot where the rob- bety was committed^ and raise an •darm—- this he declined doing. Witness also told him^ he would collect his men^ meet him at Jiight^ advised a party of dragoons to bm got^ and said, he would assist^ with his men, in searching ■for the felons — Doyle, at this time, . alleged there was but one robber *-itheD said> he imagined there was bot one, but there might be two: he examined Doyle*s arms —there were no marks of. a rope, aor did he see that tlie cord was cat — nor did he hear any outcry — nor did any other person, though many were on the demesne and near him, hear him cry out**he at last shewed a spot, where he aaid he was robbed ; but the grass ahewed no marks of pressure. Doyle begged pardon, and said that waSknot the place, and led the witness to another place, and said, ** this is the .place where I was robbed," which was on the oppo- site side from the first place pdnted out by him. The witness said, diere were no marks of any person having been laid on the ground, nor were there any marks of the fir deal seeds on his great coat. The witness then proceeded with his workmen, to search the de- mesne for the robbers; he soon letamed, and saw Doyle, who was compUuning to the men who weie thrashing in a bam, that he had been robbed. This bam waa con- venient to the spot where Dojie aaid he had been robbed. Lord Norbuiy, in his chaige^ brought forward all the leading features of the case, and said, the Jury should find for the plaintiff if they grave credit to the testimony of Doyle, and it appeared that he had been released from all in- terest and future liability for the plaintiff. As the defendant's coon- sel had submitted several points of law to the Court, a verdict for the plaintiflf could work no injury ; for, if these legal points were well grounded (and he would give no opinion on them, but leave them to the Court above), the defendants would set the verdict aside The Juiy found for the plain- tiff-^Damages 750/. with costs. POLICE. Queen square, Stpt, 30^— -Came on the (^se, on a summons granted against the driver of the Hackney coach. No. 644, on the application of Mr. Wilkinson, by Mr. Field- ing, in virtue of his construction of the Act, on Saturday last, namely, that a complaint for mis- behaviour or abuse n>ight be ex- hibited against a Hackney coach- man even without a ticket. Collier, the owner of the coach, stated, that on the day when Mr. W. was taken in his coach from the Old-Bailey to Islington be was very ill, and got a man to drive for him, forgetting, unfortunately, to eive him some tickets. Mr. Fielding, the magistrate, aaid, that the driver must attend ; for he who drove was here the offender. It was a personal of- fence : it was the behaviour of the driver that constituted it. The person at the bar, however, might tell his brother coachmen (aU though APPENDIX TO. CHRONICLE. thovgb the mere rritiMl o( the ticket was onl^ attended with the loss of the fare, there being do rific penalty for Ncb refusal), if oraiuion to give the re- quired tickets were accompaDied bj aDf abusive language or iU behaviour, tbe Magisiratci still had the power of punishing such conduct by penalty, a power rested in them ,by the 9th Anne. 11k extra ordinarf construction that bad been put on the new Act, that a Magistrate could not listen to anj complaint whitsoever, except where ■ ticket should lie produced, aatonished bim brjond measure ; bnt it shewed that those «>ho had put such construction on it bad not read (he Act through. Tbe miacanception of the Act, which appeared to have spread far and wide, reminded bim of what he had witnessed ai Bow-street fifteen years ago. A hackney coach case under the 9ih Anne was before the Magistrates, and the point in tfgnment was, what was the Rwaning of " abusive language," iiir the Magistrates had nsA as &r as " abusive laogoage," and no fartlier ; and after three boat* of erudite and logical ar- gnnient, the remainder of the clause was read, which explained ■U that bad created debate and doubt, for the act said, " abusive laognage,— K>r any other rude be- havionr." 80 it was with this new Hackney Coadi Act; for hanog read that the tickets to be g^ven by tbe coachman must be prodoced before any complaint can be heard, the concluding part of (he clause was quite overlooked, which said, that a complainant mast produce " some oae or more at tbe said notes or ticketi wnlch he shall have received, 01 might and ought to have recnnd bf virtue of this Act." l^elaw do# stood thus : if 8 coachman sboald refote that ticket which he miglit and ought to give on il> bmug required, such bare rcftisal woula only be followed bjitbe loss of liw fare ; for without a ticket no ooB was bound to pay : aad if that refusal were accompanied with " abnuve language, or saj other rude behaviour," then the ofiencB was punishable under the 9tfa Anne. He bad not much rc^MCt for the Act, but its objects wete attainable; and if every gentle- man in the connti; would act afe Mr. Wilkinson had done, and pot his shoulders to the work,, tbe business would be completed in t week. The case having been thus ()e> cided, it was ordered to stand ovtt pro formd to give time for tbe ap- pearance of the driver, Deltaiatmg Balls.— iSr. Joha Cuthberl, of St. Martin'a-lane. optician, was summoned on infor> tnation, for exposing to sale, oik tbe 361b October, certain fireworks called detopating balls. Pace and Lavender,, the ofEcen, said that Mr. C. had a bill in bu window announcing " chemical detonating balls, Src. to produce the report of a pistol without danger." Pace purchased a dozen for eighteen pence. Some of ibeib were exploded at the Office, each emitting flame. Mr. Cooper, chemist, of Drary- lane, convicted on a former daj of having sold detonating balls; admitted, on the part of Mr. Cuth* bert, that tbey threw ont a flsib, bnt denied their containing fin. It was a fluk similar to what wn Y 3 produced 334 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. produced by striking one flint Mr. Fielding conld not igne •gttiiut another. It wu tbe ei^ that wtut wm called latent cn- lAcnion of ■ speciei of gaa ; but it lofic wai not s tpecies of fire, m yrat not fire, becaiue it would not the belli threw ojit cooiideiable burn paper. flame and iparlit. A* it wu c(- Mr Fielding laid, that tbe pre- tablUhed that tbeee ball* wtre not piratioa contained the igneoui only fireworkii but that ihcy po** etetncfit; that tbe flash was from leued tbe miicbievoiu qualitic* ■ome spccici of fire. The Act guarded agaloit by ihe act, he bad introduced the genus gtne- muit pronounce lor conviciioo. raiutimtntt, firr, ihe igneoua ete- Tbe venderi of iheae uieleai and ment ; and although the If^iila- ini)chievoua articles bad said, why tureatibe licneof makingtbe taw not punish those wanton people probably only contemplated " firc~ whoexplode thecnat public placesf worlcs" made wiih gunpowder, yet This was plausible bat erroneont. as tbe word bad been iniroduccd, reasoning j for in the eye of the iie could not reitrict its meaning- law it wa!> more politic to punish I( comprehended every species of him who provided the mean* o€ &K, however produced ; and there working mischief, tban tbe indi- w»re many species of flame or fire, vidual who used those meani i but But the simple fact of tbe com- for tbe satisfaction of the pbilcas- position prodiurlng some sort of pliic-il gentlemen who macnfac- fire did not bring it witbin the tured these bails, be would state, f»Dlen>[datbn of the statute, A Ibat should any wanton persons be gas light, briiustoned matches, and brought before him for explodii^ ]tbosphonia boxes, were fireworks ; these balls, he would punuh te tbe bat none of them were of that utmost severity of the law. miscbievoiu tendenL7 meant to be Mr. Ciillibert observed, that e guarded agaioit by the Act. It dozen balls could be made wiUk vas nrcessary to eslabtJsh, not twopenny worth of fulminstii^ Aniy that the articles complained silver; and since folminaiiDg silver of were fireworks, but also that itself, without being made into they wrre calci;lated lo produce balls with glass bulba, would ex- ■erUNis tniscliief. Now these dc- plode if thrown on the ground looating balls, it bad been proved, with forc^, he inquired whether were calculated to effect abundaut he would be liable to an informa- mischief. tion if he were to sell it. Mr. Cooper obwrved, that the Mr. I^lding feared that be balls did not oontiiin fire, but would. Convicted in the penalty latent caloric ; and tbej' would go of 5^. and costs. off in a vacuum not requiring Ifae ^ ^^ iniervenlion of air to cause explo- __ Hon. Sugar, and rubbing t^c- CtfusPUAcr fo. lusiito t« tbcr two piecea of borax, would ravat, produce flvoe, as would many No trial in tbe present yttr ta pbo^pboric bodie«t but ibat flame much interested the public, a* tte va* nut fire. [Johnson defiiAes of the penons coocenwd in tt», nune to be *■ light eoiittcd fioia fraud upon ibe Stock ExdMWge. fiia."] of APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 595 of the general circumstances of which an account will be found in ocir Chronicle for the month of February. The report at large of the trial itself occupies a bulky volume ) and we can only allot for it a space safficient for a very sum- mary view of the principal points of the evidence, and tiie result of the whole. The persons tried were Charles Random de Beren^er, Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly /called Ltord Cockrane, the Hon. Andrew Coch* Tone Johnstone, Richard Gathome Butt, Ralph Sandon, Alexander M*Raet John Peter HoUoway, and Henry Lyte. The crime charged was a conspiracy for raising the Funds, and thereby injuring those who should become purchasers in them \ the Court was the King*s Beneh, Guildhall, before Lord £1- kfliiborough, on June 8th and 9th. Th^'Case for the prosecution having iMen stated by Mr. Gumey, the HKt witness called was John M^i^h, master of the Packet Boat public-house, at Dover. His evi- dence went chiefly to prove the fKt of a gentleman, drest in a grey great-coat and a red uniform under it; with a star, knocking at the door of the Ship Inn, early in the noming of February 21st, whom he assisted to get into the ion, and who said that he was the bearer of ▼ery important dispatches from France. He was fully satisfied that Berenger was this person. This evidence was confirmed by that of Gourley, a hatter, who was at that time in Marsh's house. Mr. St. John, who was then at the Ship Inn as a traveller, deposed inTtke manner to the arrival of a person who asked for a post-chaise, to bi» dress, and to the identity of Berenger as this person. Admiral Fi^ej was then called' to prove the receipt of a letter dis* patched to him as port-admiral at* Deal, by express from Dover, firom a person at the Ship Inn, who signed himself R. Du Bourg, Lieu- tenant-Colonel and Aide-de-Camp to Lord Cathcart, and which was proved to be in the hand writing of Berenger. The purport of t he let- ter was to acquaint the Admiral that he was just arrived from Ca* lais with the news of a great victory obtained by the allies over Buot naparte, who was slain in his flight by the Cossacks, and that the al« lied Sovereigns were in Paris, where the white cockade was uni* versa!. A post-chaise boy was then examined who drove a gea* tieman in that night from Dover to Canterbury, and another from Canterbury to Sittingboura, aad a third firom thence to Rocbeater. They deposed to the receiving of Napoleons firom hhn, and the lat- ter boy to his dress, agreeing with the former descriptions. Mr. Wright, of the Crown Inn, at Rochester, brother to Wright of the Ship, at Dover (who was pre- vented from appearing by illnessjf next gave evidence of the person's coming to his house, of his dress in the great coat, red uniform, star, and military cap, and of his coo* versation relative to the news lie brought; and was positive that Berenger was the man. Other innkeepers and drivers continued the chain of evidence, to that of a Dartford chaise driver, Thomas Shilling, who gave a very circum« stanttal account of carrying Beren- ger to the Marsh >gate, Lambeth, and there seeing him into a back* ney-coach. The drifter of this coach, William Cranes then da* posed to the ca ryiug him to No, ij, Greeo-stf»K« 326 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Green-street> Grosvenor - sqoare, and there leaving htm ; also to the drcamstance of his red uniform under a great coat^ and to his tak- ing with him into the house a saoall portmanteau -, and thus was completed the process of tracking Berenger from Dover to Lord Cochrane's house in London. The next circumstance brought forwards for the prosecution was that of the fishing up by a water- man on the Thames, of a bundle containing a coat cut to pieces, a star, embroidery, &c. which was recognised by a military-accoutre- ment maker, to be the same that he sold on Feb. 19th. to a person who mentioned its being wanted for one who was to peiform the character of a foreign officer, and who also purchased a military re- gimental coat, and a military cap. The person wi£h whom Berenger lodged deposed, that on the 20th he went out in a new great coat. With the main plot in which Berenger was the chief actor, an- other was stated to be connected, involving M'Rae, Sandon, Lyte, and Hollo way. With respect to this, the first witness called was Thomas Vinn, an accountant, who deposed to having been applied to \>y M'Rae for the purpose of en- gaging to assist in a hoax upon the Srock-excbangc, by personating a French officer along with him, which he refused to do. A female vritness, a fellow-lodger with )^*Rae and his wife, deposed, that M*Rae brought home, on Feb. 20, a parcel with two coats and two opera hats, the coats being like those of officers, with sooie white ribbcm for cockades j that he said ihey were for the purpose ofde* ixiving the flats, and that he most go down to Gravescnd^that on the next day she met him in Lon- don, apparently much tired, and that he brought back a bundle containing one of the coats and hats, and the cockades ; and that he said he was to have 50/. for what he had done. Mr. Foxall, master of the Rose Inn, at Dartford, then deposed as to receiving a note from Mr. San- don, dated from North Fleet, on Monday, Feb. 21, desiring him to send a chaise and pair, and to have ready 4 good horses to go to London with all expedition,— that in con- sequence, his chaise brought fiiom North Fleet Mr. Sandon and two gentlemen with white cockades in their hats, who immediately pro- ceeded for XiOndon with the four horses. A driver deposed to car- rying these persons, the horses be- ing decked with laurels, over Lon- don-bridge, through Lombard- street and Cheapside, and thence to Marsh-gate, Lambeth, where they got out, having taken ofFtheir mili- tary hats and put on round ones. It was then proved by Mr. Francis Bailey, that Holloway confessed before the Committee of the Stock- exchange that he was a contriver of this plot, and that Lyte con- fessed himself and M*Rae to have been the persons who accompa- nied Sandon in the post chaise. The next body of evidence pro- duced related to the Stock concerns of Mr. Butt, Mr. Cochrane John- stone, and tiord Cochrane. The most material points went to the close connection between these three persons, to the vast amoont of omnium which they held 00 the morning of the day in which the firaqd took place* to the sale of the whole on that daj> and to the circomstmcQ APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. S«7 circamttanoe of Mr. C. John- sione's having taken a new office in a court adjoining the tide door of the Stock-exchange against that daj for Mr. Fearn, their principal broker, without having having previously acquainted him with his intention. An affidavit by Lord Cochrane was then read, which admitted the coming of Bt^ rengcr to his house on Feb. 2ist« but stated that he was in a green his poisetsian oer^in papers and bank notes, which last be was very urgent to have restored to him, but which were detained, others of corresponding value being given to him. From an entry in his mo» morandum book there appeared to be a sum of 540/. part of which be had expended, and tlie remainder was in the notes in his possession. All these notes, as well as most of those he had paid away, were with uniform, which he took off, putting great industry traced to Lord Coch on a black coat which his Lord- rane^ Mr. C. Johnstone^ and Mr. ship gave him for the purpose of fiutt. This closed the evidence waiting on Lord Yarmouth. The for the prosecution, affidavit further averred that Lord The business on the following C. had no knowledge whatever of day commenced with the evidence the imposition, and stated that he for the defendants. Letters were had given instructions to his broker to sell out the whole of his onui- nm at a rise of one per cent. Mr. Le Marchant was next ex* ftmined with respect to a conversa- tion held with fiecenger; and he deposed, that having asked him how he could go to America un- d;r the command of Lord Coch- rane (as he had said his intention was) with the embarrassments he first addocedwhich passed between Le Marchant and Lord Cochrane, and which went to contradict the evidence he had given. Lord Melville was then called for the purpose of proving that ad- miral Sir A. Cochrane had made application to be allowed the ser- vice of Berenger, in his command on the North American station. Colonel Torrens, secretary to the lay under, B. replied that he was commander in chief, was examined easy on that score, because, for to the same point, as was Henry the services he had rendered Lord C. and Mr. C. Johnstone, whereby a large sum might be rea- lised in the funds or stocks, LordC. was his friend, and had told him he had kept a private purse for him. The hon. Alexander Murray, a prisoner in the King*s Bench, also deposed to a great intimacy between Berenger and Mr. Cochrane John- atone. Another examination of wit- nesses to a considerable length was Golburn, Esq. The intention in these examinations wat to confirm Lord Cochrane's statement, and to show a connection between the parties independently of any other transactions. King, a tin-plate worker, next deposed to Lord C.'s being at his manufactory in Cock* lane, on the morning of the 2i8t, whence he viras called by a note^ brought to him by his servant. <-* Dewman, a servant of Lord Coch- ranees, deposed to a gentlemao'a consequent upon the capture of coming to their bouse Wi a hack- Berenger, who bad afa«conded, ney coach, and writing the note, at Leith^ when there was found in which he brought to hia Lordship* Mr. SfiS ANNUAL REGISTER, 18U. Mr. Tahourdin> solicitor to Be- rcDger, was called to prove that Mr. Cochrane Johnstone had em- ployed Berenger to make a plan lor a projected building in some premises belonging to him^ and had paid him money for it. Two rc- cseipts were produced for such pay- ments, signed by Berenger^ the last^ for 300/. dated Feb. 26^ 1814. This witness also absolutely denied the letter sent to admiral Foley, at Deal^ to be the hand-writing of Berenger. The £arl of Yarmouth spoke to Berenger*s having been adjutant of the corps of Cumber- lflnd*s sharp-shooters, and thought the letter to admiral Foley very un- like his usual writing. Two other persons also deposed to their belief that this letter was not of his writing. A series of evidence was then brought to prove an alibi with re- lipect to Berenger. The first of tne witnesses were W. Smith and his wife, who were his servants, and who swore to his sleeping at home on the night of Feb. 20th. Then followed on ostler of some livery stables at Chelsea, who swore to Berenger 's being there on the evening of the 20th. Other de- positions were made to the same efiect, which it is not material to enumerate, since from the rank and character of the persons no regard seems to have been paid to their testimony. Here the case for the defefjdants termi- nated. Lord Ellenborough summed up the evidence with great minnte- ness, making various observations on different parts. He particularly dwelt upon the evidence of the identity of the person taking a chaise from Doycr, and traced to Lord Cochrane's house, with Be« renger; and of the disguise ho wore, and the colour of his uni-* form, which be seemed to think proved in such a manner that no doubt could remain ; and from these circumstances, and his subsequent change of appa- rel, he drew a strong inference of Lord Cochrane's privity to the plot. The Jury retired at ten minutes after six in the evening, and re- tamed at twenty minutes before nine with a verdict, finding all the defendants Guilty. Of the subsequent proceedings relative to Lord Cochrane's appli- cation for a new trial, and a mo- tion in arrest of judgment, some account will be found in our report of the parliamentary debates re- specting liOrd Cochrane. It is suf- ficient here to mention that thesd attempts were void of effect, and that on June ai all the persona charged^ with the exception of Mr. Cochrane Johnstone, who had absconded, were called up to re- ceive sentence. This was pro- nounced by Mr. Justice Le Blanc^ and was to the following effect :— Lord Cochrane, and R. Gathome Butt were condemned to pay to the king a fine of a thousand pounds each, and J. P. Holioway of five hundred; and these three, together with De Berenger, San- don, and Lyte, were sentenced to imprisonment in the Marshalsea for twelve calendar n:onths. Rir- ther. Lord Cochrane, De Beren- ger, and Butt, were to stand on the pillory for one hour before the Royal Bxchange once during their imprisonment. This last pert of their punishment was afterwardi remitted. APPENDIX TO CHRONICXE. Coiat Marital m CoknH Qucffftn, After a Ktin of proceediDgi in this cate which for leveral dayi itrongly excited tfae public curio- iaj, the retail wis made known in the following General Order, dated from the Hone Guards, No- His Royal Highneu the Com- mander in Chief lias been pleased to direct that the following copy of a letter, coniain jug tbe opinion and sentence of a General Court-mar- tial recently held for the trial of Colonel George Queniin. of the loth, or Prince of Walea'i own royal regiment of light dragoons, and the Prince Regeat's pleasure thereon, shall be entered in the General Order Books, and read at the head of every regiment'in bts Majesty's service. By commandnf his Royal Higb- nesi the Commander in Chief, Hakby Calyert, AJjul ant-Gen. (copy.) HuTse Guardt, Hiv. 8. Sir,— I have laid bef'Te the Prince Regent the proceedings of a General Court-martial, held at Whitehall, on the 17th of October, l3l4, and continued by adjourn' inents to the 1st of November fol- lowing, for the trial of Col. George Quentin, of the loib Royal Hus- sars, who was arraigned upon the following charges, viz. ; — ist Charge.— That on the lolh day of January, 1S14, the regi- ment being on that day on duty, forcing in the valley of Macoy, in France, and the said ColouelQucn- tin having the coioniatid of thcre- giotent, he di() qot make the proper and timely smngecDeoti to kKore the success of the regiment in itt operations of foraging, although directed so to do by the Brigade Order of 9th January, 1S14, but neglected and abandoned his doty an Commanding Officer, leaving ■ume of the divisions without or- ifn or support when attacked by the enemy, whereby some men and bones of the r^nient wers taken prisoners, and the safely of such divisiom hazarded; such con- duct on the part of the said Colo- oel Quentin evincing great pro- fessional incapacity, lending to lessen the confidence of the soldiers of the regiment in the skill utA courage of their •fficcri, being un- becoming and disi;rBceful to his character a* an officer, prejudicial to good order and military disci- pline, and contrary to the Articles of War. aJ ChDrge.~-Tbe said Colotiel Qnentin, having the command of the regiment, the day after the battle of Orthcs, viz. on the aStli day of February, 1814, on the high road leading to St. Sever, in front of the village of Hagleroan, department of Landes, in l-'rance, and the regiment being on that day engaged with the euemy, he, the laid Colonel Quentin, did not previously to, or during the period the regiment was so engaged, make such efiectual attempts » he ought to have done, by his presence, and by his own personal exertions and example, to co- opeiate with or support the ad- vanced divisions of the loth hussars, nndrr his command^ bat neglected and abandoned his duly as conlinanding ofGccr, and there- by hazarded the safety of those diviuona, aai the diantcter and repntolJOQ^ 330 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. icputation of the regiment ; such oondact on the part of the said Colonel Quentin tending to lessen the confidence of the soldiers in the skilljandcoaragepf theirofficers^ being unbecoming his character as an officer^ prejudicial to good order and military discipline^ and con- trary to the Articles of War. . 3d Charge. — That on the loth day of April, 1814, during the battle of Toulouse, in France, the said Colonel Quentin, having the command of the regiment, and the r^giment being on that day in the presence of, and attacked by, the enemy, he, the said Colonel Quentin, did not during such attack make such effectual attempts as he ought to have done by his presence and his own personal exertions, to co-operate with, or support the advanced divisions of the regiment under his command, but neglected and abandoned his duty as Commanding Officer, leav- ing some of (he divisions^ when under fire from the enemy, with- out orders, and thereby unneces- sarily hazarding the safety and re- putation of those divisions ; such conduct on the part of the said Colonel Quentin tending to lessen the confidence of the soldiers of the regiment in the skill and cou- rage of their officers, being unbe- coming and disgraceful to his cha- racter as an omcer, prejudicial to good order and military discipline, and contrary to the Articles of War 4th Charge. — For general neg- lect of duty, by allowing a relaxed discipline to exist in the regiment under his command when on fo- reign service, by which th^ repu- tation of the regiment suffered in the opinion of Uie Commander of the Forces, and of the Lieutenanl- General commanding the cavalry, their displeasure having been ex- pressed, or implied, in a letter from the Adjutant-General of the forces on the Continent, addressed to Major. General Lord Edward Somerset, commanding the hussar brigade, dated on or about the agth of March, 1814 -, and in the orders of the Lieutenant-General conimaading the cavalry, dated the 26th of February, 1814 ; such conduct on the part of the said Colonel Quentin being unbecom- ing his character as an officer, prejudicial to his Majesty's ser- vice, and subversive of all order and military regulation and dis- cipline, and contrary to the Arti- cles of War. Upon which charges the Court came to the following decision :— The Court having maturely weighed and considered the evi- dence on the part of the prose- cution, as well as what has been offered in defence, are of opinion that Colonel Quentin is guilty of so much of the ist charge as im- putes to him having neglected his duty as Commanding Officer, on the loth of January, by leaving some of the divisions without orders when attacked by the enemy, but acquit him of the remainder of the charge. With respect to the second charge, the Court are of opinion that Colonel Qurntin is not guilty. . With respect to the third charge, the Court are of opinion that Co- lonel Quendo b not guilty. With respect to the fourth charge, the Court are of opinkm that a relaxed discipline, as set forth in that charge, did exist in the regiment under Cdonel Qnen- tin*a APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 331 id, whilst on foreign service, during ibe period ailuded to in the letter and orden re- ferred to in the chargCjand as they cannot but consider the Cooimand' ing Officrr of a regiment to be re$ponaible for tuch relaxation of disciplitie, ihej therefore think tliemielvci bcnind to And Col. Qoentin guilty to the extent of allowing ii to exist; but as they concidcr the letter from the Ad- }ul ant 'General to the tro<^ on the Conlineat, of March 30th, 1S14, expreutng the displeasure of the Commander of the fbrcea, as a reprimand to Colonel Quentin adequate to the degree of blainie which attached to him, the Court do not feel ihemselTcs called upon to give any sentence upon ihia charge in the way of further pu- niibmentj and they consider that any thing unuoual in this dcur- .mination will be explained by the singularity of the circumstances attending this chai^, by which an otTicer is put upon his trial for conduct which had before been the subject of animadTcnion by those under whote command he was ihea serving, hut which at the time was not considered deserving of a more .serious proceeding by the Commander of the Forces; nor does It appear lo have been made the subject of any ief»on- strance or request for a more se- rious investigation on the part of the officers of tlie regiment. Tbs Court having found the prisoner guilry of so much of the first charge as is above expressed, and m much of the fourth charge as is above recited, with the rea- sons which induce the Court to feel that they are not called upon to^ffix any punisluaeot to [he Wt mentioned charge, do only ad- judge, with reference to 1 be first charge, that Colonel Quentin be reprimanded in such manner as his - Royal Highness the Commander in Chief be pleased to direct. The Court, however, cannot conclude these proceedings with- out expressing their regret, that ihere appears Co have existed such a want of co-operatiun among the officers of the regiment, as to render the duties of the com- manding Officer much more ar- duous than tliey otherwise would have been. I am 10 acquaint you, that bil Boyal Highness the Prince Re- gent has been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of his Majesty, to approve and confirm the find- ing and sentence of the Court.' His Royal Highness has further been pleased lo consider, that, when the Officers of a corps prefer accusations affecting the honour and professional character of their commander, nothing but the most conclusive proof of their charget before a Court-mania) can justify a proceeding which must other- wise be so pregnant with mischief to the discipline of the army ; arid that a regard due to the subordi- nation of the service must ever at- tach a severe responsibility to sub- ordinate Officers who become the accusers of their snperior. His Royal Highness, therefore, could not but regret that the Officers of the lotb Hussars should hav« been so unmindfiil of what they owe to the first principles of their profession, as to assume an opi- nion of their Commander's per- sonal conduct, which neither tneir geneial experience of the serrics, nor their knowledge of the aUcMd 332 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. iacts (as appears from their own evidence), could sanction or justify, •—and which opinion would ap- pear, from the proceedings, to have been utterly void of founda- tion, in every instance of implied attack or insinuation upon that Officer*8 courage and conduct be- fore the enemy, as conveyed by the tenour of the second and third charges. In allusion to the letter signed by the chief part of the officers, and in which the present proceed- ings originated, the Prince Re- gent has specially observed, that, exclusive of the doubt which may be entertained of their capability to form a judgment so much be- yond the scope of their experience in the service, it was worthy of xemark, that some who have affixed their names to that paper had never been with the regiment during tlie period in question, and others had never joined any mili- tary body beyond the depot of their corps ; and it might thus be deduced^ that although theo6ficers have manifested, according to the appropriate remark of the Court- martialy a want of co-operation in support of their Commander's au- thority, yet those who have as- sumed a personal observance of Colonel Quentin*8 conduct, and those who, though absent, appear to have acted under a mischievous influence, by joining in an opinion to his prejudice, have all co- operated in a compact against their Commanding Officer* fraught with evils of the most injuriotis ten* dency to the disdplioe of the ser- vice : nor did it escape the notice of his Aoyal HighDeu* that this accusation has not been the mo- luentary ofltpripg of irritated fe^U iogs, but the deliberate issue of m long and extraordinary delay, for which no sufficient reasons, or explanation, have been assigned. In this view of the case (whicU is not palliated by the very slight censure passed on Colonel Quentin upon the ist charge) his Royal Highness has considered that a •mark of his displeasure towards those Officers is essential to the vital interests of the army : and that the nature of the combinatton against Colonel Quentin woald call for the renooval fi'om the service of those who have joined in it; but as his Royal Highness would willingly be guided by a le- nient disposition towards a corps of officers who have hitherto me- rited bis approbation, and would willingly believe that inadvertency in some, and inexperience in othera* had left them unaware of the mis- chievous tendency of their conduct upon this occasion, bis Royal Highness is averse to adopt such severe measures as the custom of the service in support of its disci- pline usually sanctions^ upon the failure of charges against a com* manding officer. Still it is essen* tial that conduct so injurious in its nature should be held forth to the amay as a warning in support of subordination; and his Royal High- ness has, therefore, commanded, that the officers who signed the letter of the 9th of August shall no longer act together as a corps, but that they shall be distributed by exchange throughout the dtfi«»mt regiments of cavalry in the service, where it is trusted that they wHi learn and confine themselves 10 their subordinate duties, until their services and ezperieooe ihaD saac^ tipQ their being placed in ranks and APPENDIX TO CHRONICXE. 333 and ritiMtiaai, where they maf be ■llowed to judge of the general and higher duties of the prafefiion. The Prince Regent has been fnr- Iber pleaaed to obferve, (ha t tboagh Colonel Palmer did not »ign the Ictterof the 9thorAuguit, lie ii, nevenheless, by his declared len- tinwnt! on the proKcution, and bii gcoeral concorience in the opi- nion of the officer*, to be cnnsi- dered in the lanie light ai if he had pot bis name to that paptf, ■nd hii Bojral Highneu hai there- fote continandcd that he shall also be removed to another corpt. To the Adjottnt-General, &c. Tlie Adjutant General then read of the following offi- Ihe cen Colonel Charles Painter t T.ieu. lenAnt-Colonel G. J. Roberti, Caplaiu J. R. tluyd, B. N. Hard- ing, S. H. Stuart, Gtwge Fitz- clannce, J. Smith, E. P. Turner, R. Gonco, C. Synge, Lord A. W. Hill, Edward Pox Fitzgeraldj UeuUnaota H. Marque** of Wor- cetter, Charles Evers Held, H. So- meriet, G. Wombwell, C. Wyod- ham, H. Sejmonr, Henry Fitz- clarcnce, A. F. Berkeley, J. H. Powell, J. Jackson, J. A. Hidmd- son, J. C. Greenj Comet R. B. Paliier. And deiired then to move for- ward in front of their re»peclive troops, and to return their (words. He then addressed them a* fol- lows;— " Genllemrn,— I have the Com- mander in Chief* commands to ■ignif; to yon hi* Royal Highoe«i the Prinoe Regeiil's pleasure, that 70a DO longer belong to the loth regiment of Hassan; and the Commander in Chief eojoini you to hold yoorselres in readineti to join the different regiment* of cavalry to which the Prince Re- gent will immediately appoint you.- The Adj a tant- General then di- rected the Hon, Major Howard to take on himself tlie commaDd ot the 10th Royal Hu*sar«, until it shall be reamied by Colonel Qocd* Abitract of a Bill fiir more effec- tMolly SKuring the liberly i>f the Subject. Stfites, that the writ of haieas corfHt hath been found by expe- rience to be the most benefidal mode of re*toring any peT*oa to hi* liberty, who hath been unjustly deprived thereof ; and that extend- ing the femedy of such writ will be highly advantageons to thcpul^ lie J and that the provision* of the act of the 31st Car. Ii. intitled " An Act for the better securing the Liberty of the Subject," only extends to case* of imprisonmeDt for criminal matter. Enacts, that the Lord Chancellor, and any of the Judges, may issue writ* of habeas corpus in vacation, re- lurniibl* immediately, where an/ person is restrained of his liberty, otherwise than for some criminal mailer, and except perioni im- prisoned for debt J and that noD- obedience to siu:h writ shall be considered as a contempt of court, and that process of contempt may issne in vacation ; that although the return to any writ of habeas cornus shall be gnod in law, tho Lord Clianceltor, Court, or any- 334 ANNUAL REGISTEB, 1814. of the Judges^ before whom such writ is returnable, may examine into the truth of the facts let forth in such return j that process of contempt may be awarded in va- cation against persons disobeying writs of habeas corpus, in cases within the stat. 31 Car. II. Alstraci of an Act to amend the teveral Acts for the encourage^ ment of Learning, ity securing the Copies and Copyright of printed Books, to the Authors of such Books^ or their Assigns* . The provisions of the Act ot 8th of Queen Anne, and the 41st of his present Majesty, are repealed •a far as relates to the delivery of copies to public libraries. Enacts, Instead, that eleven printed copies of every book, upon the paper upon which the largest number is printed for sale, with the maps fud prints belonging thereto, shall be delivered! on demand made in writing within twelve months after publication, by authorized persons of the following libraries, viz. The British Museum, Sion College, the Bodleian at Oxford, the Public Library at Cambridge, the Library of the Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh, the Libraries of the four Universities of Scotland, Trinity CoUege and the Kiag*8 Ita Libraries at Dublin^ to the ware- house-keeper of the company of Stationers, under the penalty, oq default, of tive pounds for each copy, besides the value of the copy. No copy of a subtcquent edition without addition or altera- tion to be demandt'd, and addi- tions to be printed aeparateiy and delivered. With respect to copy, vight. Authors and their Assigns to have the sole liberty of printing and reprinting for twenty-ei^ht years commencing from the first publication, and if the Author be living at the end of that period, for the residue of his Hfe. In order to ascertain the publication of books of which copies as above are depiandable, the title and name of the publisher of each shall be en- tered at Stationers* hall within a month after publication, and one copy shall be sent to the British Museum ; and lists of all soch entered books shall from time to time be transmitted by the ware* house keeper of Stationers' hall to the persons authorised by the above libraries. Authors of books already published now living and possessed of copy-right, to have the benefit of the extension of right above specified. PATENTS APPENDIX TO CHHONICEE. SSJ PATENTS From Ifovemher 1813, to Novtmltr 1814. John Cragg, Etq. for improve- ments in the facing, aaA exterior and interior walls of Gothic or otber structures. Mr. Atuirice lit Jongh, for ini' provcroenis in the loaDu&ctuting of fnaddcr. Mt. Isaac IFilson, for improve- ments on stove CTates. Mr. Samuel Tt/TreU, for a broad- cast lowing machine. < Mr. John Buteman, for au im- provement oD musical inuru* Mr. Thomas Wr'tghl, for an im- proved composition foe dyeing scarlet and other coloun. Mt. Join S. Rogeri, tax a mode of making a species of wool into yarn. Mr, Jos. Whitt, for improve- ineDlt in stenm etigines. Mr. W. AUamiu Day, for arac Ihod of eiLtracling the mudlagi- Bous matter from whale oil. Mr. IF. Spralley, for an im- provement on axle-tree). Mt. Thomas Su/ierla^J, for an improvement in the construction of copper and iron sugar pans aod boil era. Litrd Cochrane, fcf methods of regulating the atmospherical pres- sure in lamps, globes, S:c. Mr. Ralph Sultan, for a security to prevent the accidental discharge of Jbw ting-pieces, &c. Mr, James Cauanagi Murfhy, fur a method of preserving timber . and other substances from decay. ^, W. StoeitT, for an improv- ed cock for drawing liquor tram JUr. John Di(0y,jim.-tbi a me- thod of prododog patterns of cloth of calico or linen. Timolig Harrit, Est}- for a ma- chine for laying on coloorn, print- iDg, flocking, and pressing, so as to produce a smooth face en paper, and other articles. Mr, John fallance, jun, for an apparatus for cooling worts, wash, Itc. Mr. John Kershaw and JUr, Jolin Jfiod, for a mode of prepar- iug flax for being spun on cotton machioeiy. Mr. Josrfh Bramah, for cpply- ing certain species of earth to pre- vent the dry rot, umI serve as a substitute for lead in paint. Mr. W. Ft. Hamilton, for im- provements in optical instruments and apparatus. Mr. JticharJ Price, for an im- proved cooking apparatus. Mr. Join buiUie, for a fire-pan or lamp, and a fire-grate, for burn- ing inferior coals. Mr. James Thomson, for im- provements in the construction of fire-arms. Mr. Dan. Goodall, for improve- ments in the manufacturing of English silk crapes. Mr. Alex. Coek, for preventioH and cure of the dry rot in timber, and preserving woollen, linen, Iic^fl from mildew. » M 33S ANNUAL REGISTER, I«i4. Mr. Roger HarUieaod, for an ■ improved folding- screen. Mr. Edward Sueri, for a me- thod of rendering atoppers of bot- tles. Sec. air liKht. Mr. James Barclay and Mr. W. Citmotg, for improved wheels and axle-trees. Mr.Jaht Slater, for improve- ment ID a steam boiler and appara- Ins for ivaahiug and cleansiog clothes, wanning closets, lann- dries. Sec. Mr.Marc hamiard Bnmel, for a meihodof ^ving durability to lea- ther. Mr. Matt. Murrey, fat improve- menii in hydraulic pretses. Mr. W. Alfrtd NotU. for m improved steam and fire eogiDC. Mr. Entanuel HetUmt, for Im- proTemetits in the lock* end breeches of fire-arms. Mr. J. Sparh MoUne, for an improved method of tanning lea- ther. Mr. Jos. Ju Dyer, for an im- provement in machinery Ibr ma- nufiirturing naih. Mr. George Smart, for improve- ment* of machinery for grinding corn, &c. Mr. James tyaod, for an im- provement on the German flute, Mr. J. U- Baslrick, for a steam engioe on a new cunstruction. Mr. Isaac IValinn, for a method of making ttampcJ fronts tor atoves, fenders, tea-irays, ice. Mr. Jos. Baberls, fur an appara- ' tut to be iisedior map rollers, car- riage bliiido, and the like. Mr. liTiUiam WKitJUld. for cer- tain improvement! in cvriaget. ilfr John RtaJ, for meana of xaisiog .ind oonvejii>g water and other fluidi bj evthen ^pea. Mr. Lewis Gomftrtm, tot im- provements in carriages and ottief Mr. David Gram, for apparatui for drawing offliquids impregna- ted with filed air. Mr. J. Bernard Logier, for ap' parains for facilitating the acquire- ment of execution on the piano- forte. Mr. Joi. Price, for a method of making glass. John Vancoin/er, Esq. fir a me- thod for painting surfacea with certain materials. Mr. T. Abree Pickering, for the ■ecnrity of remittances by coacliea. Mr. William Muutl, for impro- ed method of acting upon machi- Mr. William NevUle, for a me* Ihod 6f making hurdles, gates, pa- lisades, rails. &c. Mr. miUajH Sellars, for a me- thod of laying out ropes, twine, line, thread, &c. by machinery. Mr. George Haywood, for an improved plan of turning rolls, and of rolling gun and pistol barrels. Mr. John Slubbs Jorjen, for an improved method of making the lights, and tor oiber improve- ments, in horticultural buildinga. JIfr. Giartt Pretlim, for concave cabin itoves. Mr. John Buxton, for an inl- proved method of twisting and laying cottoi), silk, and other artt Mr. Thomas Tindall, for im< provements on the steam en^ne. Messrs. John Maberly and JoIm Barmu, for a method of securing carriage glastei. Mr. fiK Fr. Hamilton, for im- provements in making llqnidi int- pngnated with carbcwlc acid gai. Mr. B. L. Merti n, for m m» tbod of extracting jelly from tub- ■tancoa capable alBflbrdiag tL APPENDIX TO. CHRONICLE. 337 improvcm«&ti of i»ditn»7 in making paper. MesiTt. J. Ptnny and Jot. Ken- dall, Tor a method of making pill and other small bodies. Mr. W. Lister, for an improved machine forscparatingcornoc seeds from straw and chafl'. Mems. J. and P. Taylor, for improvements in a weaving loom. Mr. E. Sheffield, for improve- menU in mnnufacturing copper and other metallic substancei. Mr. y. Doliis, for impravonenU in maDufacluilngmacbines for cut- ting and gatbcring grain. Mr. A. F. Didot, for improve- ment in making printing types. Mr. A. Shaw, for apparatus for cutting window and plate gloM. Mr. W. Simpson, for improve- ments in raising water. Mr. H. PhiUfs, for an improved plough. Mr. J. Longhvrst, for a barrel organ with a self-acting swell. Mr. y. Walters, for improve- ments in ilie construction of frame timbers or binds of ships. Mr. W. Hotvard, for improved apparatus for working slilpi' pumps, churns, ice. Mr. L. Didot, for improveinents for illuminating apartments b; the combustion of taliow, &c. Mr. If. Bnticke, for an improved method of manufacturing vercU- gris. Mr. E. Massey, for improved chronometers and pocket watches. Mr. H. Hall, Jor an improved method of preparing and spinning bemp, flax, &c. Mr. R. Barloui, for an instru- ment called the hydrostatic self- blowing machine. Mr. J. Darttnm, for moans of communicating motion to bodies surrounded by water or air. Mr. J. Smii/i, for a spring binge for doors and gales. Mr. Dunnage, for a method of rowing or propelling vessels. Mr. H. m Vandereltfi, for a method of purifying whaleaod seal oil. Mt. /t. HiU, for improvements in melting and working of iron. Mr. W. Joiuon, for an improved process for making salt. Mr. (f. Doncaiter, for improve- ments in navigating vessels, acce- lerating the motion of carriages. Ice. Mr. T. Sytei, for improvements en Are-aimi. Mr. J. Collier, for a machine for combing wool, flax, hemp, and Mr. J. Thomson, for a method of making ships governable. Mr. E. C. Howard, for a method »f leparatiog insoluble substauces from fluids. Mr. T. MicAetl, for a machine for faiung water to impel machi- nery. Mr. T. S. Pauly, for improve- ments in fire-arms. Mr, G. Courlatd, for a Spindle for the manufacture of silk thread, Mr. S. Erard, foe improvements in musical instrumeDts. Mr. M. Larkin, for improve- ments in ships' windlasses. Mr. H. IF. Vanderel^, for a walking staff to contain a variety of articles. JIfr. R. Salman, fur machines for making hay. Messrs. J. and G. Diclensoa, for ANNUAL REGISTEH, *' -si! I?-Illl3l|j|ij1s|b Iflllti 2 ¥ •* - a ? HLi t^l sir I EJUUHQUU AWENDIX 110 CHftOKrCLE. 339 =1 S.S. is. ^ Q. 0 — 4i ii 1 6.i So S.E. K is. ss ii' a •a f fa Ii il ?s 8^ s 88 g^ oS fs O'O &i i" a. 6, «i: rt-O 4^ S.S. ID D c- S.S life ^s ii -r tfi S.6. ll i^ S-o S.E. Ii ii II r.^ ^i. t tN. ii 2 Oi n II s si ll s II ii a If if ii ~tt-» 5. s 5? »S 2 '^ ^f- §°- s ■5 2 ■:"? 2 - ii. 3iS) Si sS 3.^ sS ss ts Efe aS as a if Ss si ?^ ss s s sf IS If 2S s-£ l-s = 1 it 36 15 3S 8S 88 is el s'i Is 88 si 88 33 ?8 ll If -1 is =•=, tz M la si ll i t?3 !! si 1 a i 1 < [1 1 ^ 1 1 5 i ^ 340 ANNUAL KEGISTER, 1814. i o 1 o -■ d 6 z 3 i o ■£. w 2 .^ o „• cs S g 9 B s^ 3 is 6 II 1 I 1 8 u .J ^ S ■< ^ S •g « £ " t 8 S •-1 APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 341 Average Price ofComfcr Quarter in England and Waits, 1814. Wheat. Rye Barley. O^ts. Beans. s, d. 1. d- J. d. J. £^. J. d. Jan. 78 6 46 9 41 0 26 11 51 3 Feb. 78 5 47 6 40 3 26 9 51 5 Mar. 78 1 4d 8 40 2 26 8 49 3 Apr. 76 8 46 5 39 11 27 9 48 6 May 68 10 43 2 37 2 26 0 45 3 Judo Qg 2 42 9 35 5 25 1 44 8 July 67 8 39 10 34 3 25 5 43 7 Aug. 74 8 41 8 33 9 V 4 46 1 Sept. 77 7 45 8 36 9 28 3 47 6 Oct. 75 0 45 10 37 2 27 2 46 3 Nov. 73 2 43 0 36 4 26 10 44 2 Dec. 70 9 41 3 35 2 26 2 42 10 Avtragi rfthe Year. 74 7i I ^ 2i I 37 6i i 26 8i I 46 8j Price of the partem Loaf according to the Assixe ofBreidin London^ i, d, January 1 OJ February. 1 li March , 1 0} April 1 OJ May 0 11} June 0 11} X. d. JtUy O 11} August 1 0} September 1 1} October i 1} November l 0} December 1 o s. d. Average of th« Year 1 0\\\ A Statement of the Quantity of Porter Irewcdin London, hy the tii^ehe first houses, from the 5th July, 1813, to the 5th of July, l'8l4. Barrels. Barclay, Perkins, & Co.. . 262^467 Meux, Reid, and Co 163,628 Truman, Haubnry, & Co. 145,141 Whitbread and Co 14J ,104 Henry Meus and Co. . . . 100,776 Felix Calvert and Co. . . . 100,391 Barrels. Coombe, Dclafield, & Co. . . 95,398 Goodwyn and Co 62,0 J 9 Elliott and Co 45,l62 Taylor and Co 42,126 Hollingsworlb and Co 30,252 Cocks and Campbell 30,16^ 349 ANNUAL REGISTER, 19)4. m LIST OF THE PRINCE REGENTS MINISTER^?, j^s i4 itood 0/ tht beginning of 13 J 4. CABINET MlNISTEttS. Earl of Harrowbj Lord Prestdent of the Counci. Lord Eldon ... Lord High Chancellor. Barl of Westmorelaod Lord fvwf Senl. Eari of Liverpool P'Siihif ""* ^"""' ^^'"^ Bight Hon. ^icbolaf Vannttart. . . J ^j^^ Exeheqner. Lord VUcoant MelTiIle Fint Lord of the Admiralty. Earl Mulgrave Matter General of the Oidnanco. T _j ir< L c-j Li. f Secretary of State for the Home Lord Viscount Sidmouth . , J Department. Lord Vi«x«int Caitlereagh {^S. ''^ ^''** *"" ^''"''^" Earl Bathurst | Secretary V State for the Depart- \ ment of War and the Colonies. T? J ru I • u I.' C President of the Board of Conlroul Eaii of BuckiDghamslire | ^^^ ^^^ ^^^.„ ^^ j^ ^j^ Bight Hon. Charles Bathurst . . . . { ^^^^^' ^^ '^' ^^^ ^^ ^'^^- / NOT OF THE CABINET. Bight Hon. Georgp Rose. Treasurer of tlie Navy. 1^\ of Clancarty President of tiie Board of Trade. Bight Hon. F. J. Robinson } ^'r'^^^""' °^ ^^ ^°*"' "^ Right Hon. -Charles Long ; Jpint Paymaster-General of th« Lord Charles Somerset • , ( Forces. £l of Sa^ndS ! '. \ * .* '. *. ' !'/.!*. 1 -^^^"^ Postmaster-General. Viscount Palmerston Secretary at War. Right Hon Charles Arbuthnot , , . ") c^,^^,ua ^.w Tr-o.nr.r RiShard Wharton, Esq , . j Sccretarici of thu Treasury. Sir William Grant Master of the Rollt. Sir Thomas Plumer Vice- Chancellor. Sir William Qarrow Attorney-General. sir Robert Dallas . . Solioitor General. PERSONS IN THE MINISTRY IN IRELAND. Viscooot Whitworth » . « Lord Lientenant Lord Manners . , • . . Lord High Cbaocellor Right Hon. Robert Peel . . '. Chief Secretary. t Hon. W. Ftugerald .;.... Chancellor of the Excheq^a^. APPENDIX TO CHBONKJLE. 343 Eh 5 1 I i S i 25 !0 •• Sn ssssssss&s^5 ^ \ 222SSggSSSgS 1 SSSS'SSSSR&SS 1 i I 5 1 s lllsiiiiljll i a 344 AnIjUAL register, IS14. STATE PAPERS. BRITISH. Eilrail from Lord mUiam. Ben- ■ tiacfi Official Nate le the Duit de Callo, the Neapolitan Mi- nuter. "Bologna, April i. INca seoftheKfapoIitaQGovcrr.* metit cxaciing a writteo con- tiriiiBticD of the Eciilimcnts which Lord Catllereagh has verbally de- clared, a conBrmation whieli has hot been called for, not thinking it Dccwsary, the undersigned is au. thorised to decbte offieially , that Ihe English Government entirely approvei of ihe Treaty concluded between the Austrian and Neapo- litan Goveromenisi ihaC it eon- jcntato Ihe addition of (he territo* ry there specified, under the same conditions made by Austria, ofan active and imrnedinte co-operaiion of the Neapolitan army ; and thai if the English Government refuses to sign a definitive Treaty, it is caused by scnlitnenis of honour and delicacy, which make it un- wUling chat the hetediiary eitate of an ancient ally ihouM be given up without an indcionity ; and the undetiigned has in consequence orders to inviie the Neapolitan GovernrocDt to make the greatest n order to obtain the sanic Admiiialty Official P*.rER. " Admiralty Office, April y), 1814. " The Lords Commisuoners of the Adminhy cannot announce to ■ he Fleet the termination of hosti- lities with France, without ex- pressing 10 the pally officers, the seamen, and royal marinei of his Majesty's ships, the high icnte which their Lordships entertain ot" their gallant and glorious services dnrine ihc late war. " The patience, perseveratice, and discipline ; the skill, courage, and devotion, with which the sea- men and marines have upheld the«r be.1our of his Ma- jesty's fleets and armiea will speedi- ly bring the American contest tea conclusion honourable to the Bri- tish name, safe for British interest*, and conducive to the lasting r«pofe of the civilized world. By command of their Lordships, J. W. Ckokii. A PROCLAMATtOH, Declaring ike Cessation of Arms ns ■well by Sea as Land, agreeJapm benveea Ail Majesty and hm Most Christinn Majtsly, an J en- joining the Olseruance thrrtof. George P. R. Whfreas a Convention for ihc sospension of hostilities betweenhi* Majestyand thekingdom of France, was signed at Paris on the 33d day of April last, by the Plenipotentia- ry of his Majesty and the Plenip*- tentiary of his Royal Highness Monsieur, brother of the Moat Christian King, Lieuteiuiiil Gcne- '•L. S46 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. lal of the Kingdom of FVanoe^ and whereas^ for the putting an cmd to llie calamities of war, aa soon, and as far as may be possible^ It /hath been agreed between bis Majesty and his Mo&t Christian Majesty as follows : that is to say, that as soon as the Cotiveution shall beaigned and ratified, friendship flhould be established between his tiBjciXy and the kingdom of Franoe by sea and land, in all parts of the voild : and in order to prevent all causes of complaint and dispute which might arise with respect to prizes that might t>e made at sea mksr the signature of the said Con- irention, it has also been recipro^ flaUy agreed, that the vessels and offsets which might be taken in tbe Zoglish Channel and in the North Seas, after the space of 1 2 days, to be reckoned from, the exchange of Hkt ratifications of the said Con- vention, should be restored on both sides ; that the term should be one month within the British Channel ind North Seas to tbe Canary Islands, and to the Equator 3 and five months in every other part of the world, without any exception, or other particular distinction of time or place. And whereas the xatiiications of the said Conven- tion were exchanged by the respec- tive Plenipotentiaries abovemen- tiooed, on the 3d day of this inst. May, from which day the several terms abovementiooed, of 13 days, of one months and five months, are to be computed : Now, in or- der that the several epochs fixed as sfi>resaid between his Majesty and .His Most Christian Majesty should be generally known and oisserved, we have thought fit* in the name and on the behalf of his Majesty, and by and with the advice of his Maje8ly*« Privy Council, to notify the same to his Majesty's loviiig aabjeds; and we do heveby^ in the name and on the behalfof his Ma- jesty, strictly charge andcommaod all his Mi^esty*s Ofificers both at aea and iand« and all ether his Ma- jesty's subjects whatsoever, that they forbear ail acts of hostility « either by sea or land, against the kiogdom of France, her Allies, lier vassals, or subjects, under the pe- nalty of incurring his Mi^aBty*s highest displeasure. Given at the Court at Carlton House, the sixth dwf of May, in the 54th year of His Majesty's reign, and in the year of our Lord one thousand eight boDdredMd fourteen. God savo'the King. ADDBBSS OF THE LOmDS ON THE SLATE TnAoe. ' '' To His R&yal Highness ike Prince R^ent, — Tile Hutmbie Address of tkt Lords Spiriittml and Temttrrul, in Partimfnent astern bled. "May it Please your Royal Highness j *' Relying with perfect confi- dence on the solemn assurances re- ceived by parliament in 1S06 and 1 810, that bis Majesty's govern- ment would em^oy every pn^er means to obtain a convention of tile Powers of Europe, for tfcc im- nedifite and nniveraal AboHtion of the African Slave IVide— -we aait humbly and epmestty ie|>i««eal to your Royal Highneas, tlmt tlie liappyand glorious events wtnth l^romise t!ie general patificatien of CbristendoiPi t!ie prescan volen ii«4 STATE PAPERS. 347 and asaotnblf of ite greatest aove* reignif and (he great aod generous principles whicli they proclaioi as tlie rule of their condnct, a&rd. a most auspicious opportunity for. interpoiing the good offices of Great Britain to accomplish the ^bovc noble purpose^ with the weight which belongs to her rank among nations^ to the services which she has rendered to Euro* pean independence^ and to the una* nimous and zealous concurrence of her parliament and people. ** We feel ourselves authorized by our owxi abolition of this trade, of the guilty profit of which we enjoyed the largest share, by the fellowship of civilization, of reli* gion, aod even of common huma* nlty, to implore the other mem- ben of the commonwealth of Europe to signalize the restoration of its order and security, by the prohibition of this detestable com- merce, the common stain of tho Christian name 3 a system of crimes by which the civilized professors of a beneficent religion spread deso- lation, and perpetual barbarism^ among helpless savages^ whom they are bound by the most sacred obligations of duty to protect^ to instract, and to reclaim. *^ We humbly represent to your Royal Highness, that the high rank which this kingdom holds among maritime and colonial states, imposes a very serious duty upon the British government at this im- portant juncture. Unless we in- terpose with efiect to procure a genend abolition, the practical re- sult of the rest(jration of peace will be to revive a traffic which we have prohibited as a crime, to open the §c^ to awarms of piratical adven- turers, who will renew and extend on the shores of Africa the scenes of carnage and rapine in a great measure suspended by maritime hostilities: andlhe peace of Christ* endom will kindle a thousand fero* cious wars among wretched tribes ignoraot of our quarrels and of our ' very name. " The nations who have owed the security of their navigation to our friendship, and whom we have been happy enough to aid in ex- pelling their oppressors^ and main* taining their independence, cannot listen without respect to our voice raised in the cause of justice and humanity. Among the great states^ till of late our enemies, maritima hostility has in fact abolished the trade for 20 years. No interest is engaged in it ^ and the legal per^ mission to carry it on would prao« tically be a new establishment of it, aAer the complete development of its liorrors. '* We humbly trust, that in the moral order by which Divine Pro- vidence administers the govern- ment of the world, this great act of atonement to Africa may contri- bute to consolidate the safety, and prolong the tranquillity of £uropei that the nations may be taught a higher respect for justice and hu- manity by the example of their so- vereigns 3 and that a treaty sane- titied by such a disinterested 'and sacred stipulation may be moie profoundly reverenced, and more religiously observed, than even tKS* most equitable compacts for the ra« gulation of power, or the distriba* tion of territory.** The Address was agreed to nem. dis, and ordered to be presented by thi; lords with wlute staves. BOTAX 318 ANNUAL R E (il S T £ R, 1814. SOYAL CORRESFONDENCE. Letter nf the Princess of Jf^ales t9 the Prince Regent. " Sir, — I am once more relac- tsntlj compelled to address your Royal Highness, and to enclose for your inspection, copies of a note which I have had the honour to re- ceive from the Queen, and of the answer which I have thought it my duty to return to her Majeity. It would be in vain for me to en- quire into the reasons of the alarra- itig declaration made by your Royal Highness, that you have taken the fixed and unalterable determina- tion never to meet me, upon any oc- casion, either in public or private. Of these, your Royal Highness is pleased to state yourself to be the only judge. You will perceive by my answer to hrr Majesty, that 1 have only been restrained by mo- tives of personal consideration to- wards her Majesty, from exercis- ing my right of appearing brfore her Majesty, at the public Drawing Room?i. to be held in the en uing month. **Bat, Sir, lest it should be by possibility supposed, that the words of your Royal Highness can con- vey any insinuation from which T shrink, I am bound to deni^jnd of your Royal Highness — wljat cir- cumstances can justify the proceed- ings yon have thus thought fit to adopt ? • " I owe it to myself, to my Daughter^ and to the Nation, to which I am deeply indebted for the vindication of my honour, to remind your Royal Highness of what you know: that after open persecution and mysterious in qui* ries, upon undefined charges, the malice of my enemies fell entirely upon themselves ; and that I was restored by the King, with the ad- vice of his Ministers, to the full enjoyment of my rank in his Court, upon my complete acquit- tal. Since his Majesty's lamented illness, 1 have demanded, in the face of Parliament and the Coun- try, to be proved guilty, or to be treated as inpocent. 1 have been de- clared injnocent — I will not submit to be treated as guilty. " Sir, your Royal Highness may possibly refuse to read this letter. But the world must know that I have written it : and they will see my real motives for foregoing, in this instance, the rights of my nnk. Occasions, however, may arise (•ne, I trust, is far distant) when I must appear in public, and your Royal Highness must be present also. Can your Royal Highness have contemplated the full extent of your declaration ? Has your Royal Highness forgotten the ap- proaching marriage of our daugh- ter, and the possibility of our coro- nation ? '^ 1 wave my rights in a case where 1 am not absolutely bound to assert them, in order to relieve the Queen, as far as I can, from the paiofn) situation in which the is placed by your Royal Highness ; not from any cousciousnes? of blame, not from any doubt of tir,c existence; of those rights, or of wy own worthiness to enjoy them. " Sir, the time you have select- ed for this proceeding is calculated to make it peculiarly galling.— Many illustriouh Strangers are al- ready arriverd in kingland ; among otbersj, as I am iiiformed^ the illust trioiu^ STATE PAPERS. 819 tnous beir of tb« Hoiue of Orange, who hat announced himself Ionic At my future son in law. From their tocJEiy I am unjustly exclud- ed. Others are expected of rank equal to your own, to rejoice with your Boyal Highness in the peace ofEurope. My dnnghler will, for the tirxliime, appear in theeplen- dour and publicity becoming the ap^iroaching nuptiala of the pre- Eumpiive Heiress of this Empire. This season your Royal HJghnesi has chosen for ireating me with ficth and unprovoked indignity: and of all his Majesty's subjects, I •loiieam prcreotcd by your Royal Highness from appearing in my place, to partake of the getieral joy, and am deprived of the indul- ^uce in those feeliug* of pride and affection permitted to every Mo- ■tfiet but lai .Sir, " Your Royal Highneu'a " faithful wife, " CsBOHNB P." " Connai'ghl-houss, May a6, 1814. The Queen to the Princest of JFules. IfiaJtor Castle, May 13. 1814. The Queen considers it it to be tier duty to lose no time in ac- quainting Ihe Princess of Wales, that ihe. lias received « communi- cation fron> ber son the Piiiice Regent, ill wiiich be states, that ber Majesty's intention of holdiog two drawing-rooms in the ensuing month having been notified to the public, he must declare, that he cwasidcrs that his own presence at ber court cannot be dispensed with; and that be desires it may be distinctly understood, for rea- SODS of which hs alone can be the judge, to be bii fixed md umltrr' able determination not lo meci the Princess of Wjlrs upon »ny occasion, either in public or pri- The Queen ii thus placed uniler the painful necesiity of iodinating to liic Princcn of Wales the im- possibility of ber Majesty's recetv- ir> gard with which the King wat i» kind as to honour me up to the period of bis Majesty's ini)ispou> tioD, which no one of his M^)e•• ty's subjects has so much cautn (9 lament as myself: and that bii Majetty wat gracioutly pleased in bestow upon me the moH undtu')- vocal and gratifying proof of bit attachment and approbation, by b'lt pubhc reception of me at his court at 3 nof SI and ed afHicIiou, when his protecdon was most necessary to me. There I have since uninterruptedly paid my respects lo your Majesty. I»m now without appeal or protcctne. But I cannot so far forget my duty 3j0 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. lo tbo King, mdA to wf^, h to miUos of tar taemio to fix opoa aineodw mj rl^ to >ppur M n« ibe Aaoaw at utj <■>« inpw> SI poUic dnnring-ioon i« bo tatira wbidt coidd render nu) uo- il by roar Hegeat^. wgrtlir af tbeir lociety or n^prd. " That I may not, however, aU " Tntir MajeAy wilt, I na (uie, to the difficsttj iod oneMiiKM of not be dtairfeaMd that I ibouid le* joar Mijctfy's ritnatictt, I jietd lUre tnjMif from a saipidos of ia tbe present initance to Ibe will dhretpect lovnmli your Majesty, «f Ut Royal Higbneis tbe Princo by makiiig publictba cnie o( my JUgent, annouDcecl to me by yoar abMnee from court at a time wbm Alajcs^, and shall iMt preient the duties of iny itatiun woold myMlf at tbe DrawJDg Rooms of otberwlie peculiaily demand my the next month. attendance. *■ It would be preaomptBon* ia •< ! bire (be honour to be, ne to atteiT^ to inqnire. of your " You? MajeMy't mojt obcdfent Majesty ibc reasons of his Royal da ugbter- in-law and icnstit, Highnes) the Prince Regent for " P. Ckaoiist.'' Ail faanh proceeding, of which bis ** Cennsught House, Koyal HighneM can alone be tbe H^ 14, iSi^. jodge. 1 am unconscious of of- feme; and in thnt reflection, I The i^ueai mihe PriacestofJI'alea, ^^"^^^ ""T^" *• Windsor CasUe, May 15. ,814. for aU the moniDcationi I ecperi- • / 9> ^ aacKi eren &>r this, the Itat, the " The Queen has received, this most unexpected, and the raoot aftemooo, tbe PrinceM of Wales's •erersi the prohibition given to letter of yesterday, in reply to the IP» iriose, to appear before your oomcnenication which she was de- ICqeaty, to offer sny congratula- sired by the PrinceRegent to maKe tioDs upon the happy tennination to her ; and she is senuble of the «f tbow calamitie* with which disposition expressed by ber Royal Xarope has been so long afiiictcd. Highness, not to discuts with her is the presence of tbe Ulustrioat topic* wbicb most be paiaM to peraooage* who will in all proba- both. faility be asMmblcd at your Majes- " Tbe Ooeen considaY if in- ty'ft court, with whom I am so cnmbent upon ber to tend n copy chxdy coaoKted by biith and of the Princess of Wales's tetter to narriage. the Prince Regent; and her Ma<- " I beseech your Majesty to do jcsty could have felt no hesitattDn me an act of juitice, to which, in in communicating to tbe illutttioui the present eircumstances, your strangers who may possibly be Majesty is tbe only person compo present at her court, the circuffl<- tatit, by acquainting those iltns- stances which will prevent the triad* stFKigera with tho motivea Princess of Wales Trom appearin;g of penmist oonudantion towards tiicir, if her Royal Highness bad yoor Majesty whidi dono indoce nor rendered a compliance witb infttoataltaiD ftooBtfaeaMrcise of ber wiihtotliUeflrect unnecesuny. Of right t» awaar before yonr by intimating ber intention of Majeaiy: and:ti»cIdl»iKnr, as I making pubtie tbe cadae of ber have dona at all timet, My tbe abseneff. " Cbimmtti, 9.f Tic STATE FAPEHSi 95i The Jmxvm tf titP^incta of IKi^ ib the Qaeen. "TbcPiinceno£W>la.hfl9tbir honoar t» ackmiwUdge the leccipt of « Dote Steak the Qann, dated yoAetiej ; aod bogk pcfmiuian ttK return her best thanks to her Mb>- JMtj, for hcE gracMMs coadcacen- siaa in the wiQiflgneu eiprei«d faf ha Majcstj^ to h^ve conmuni- caMd to the illnsttiotu urangeiv who will in all probability be present at lier Majesty's court, the nmoM wbichi Wve tndaced her Baysi. Uig&aeK.Rat to be present. " Such conununieation, ai it appteat to her Boyal Highnera^ cmiwt ba the lesi neceiuTy on ac> cooiU o£ any publicity which it iB^ ba in Uje power of her Kc^sL UighucM. to give to her motiicBi ^ (fae PriBceu of Wale*. Uu«e- fata, cntreali ibe active good of- fica a£beE Mejesly, upon an oc- casioQ wherein the Princea of. Walcfctela it so essential la her that As dtould aot be miaiuider- BMwd. "CAROtlWE, P." " eoi»aughtPlKe. May a6. The Oaten to/hePrincestof mJu. " The Queen cannot omit to ac- knowledge the receipt of lbePrln< GBMof Wales's note, of yesterday, allbeu^ it does not appear to ha ftfajesty to retjuire any other ivply tbaa that tonveyed to her Tiai/tk £bghtiesi's preceding letter. " Ckarlottb, H," ji^a prfodpal MOetnioi MTitit^ has: tbia day ootifiet^ h^ coennnaA of hi> Royal Higbaaw the Prinea Begeut, to the Miniaten of fHend* ly 9swere resideoE at hi* CtMilb that the Gomtnaoder in Chief (tf hia-M^city's naval force* off tha coasts of the Uoitod Statea ofi ' North America, has issued a pro> ctamatioQ, dated at Bermuda, on the 35th day of Aaril last, dcdat- ing all the port*, Ufbaurs, bays, creeks, rivers, inlets, outlcli, ii- hnds, and sea-coasts,, of the wA United Scate«> from the pomC of land c£led Black Point to tbo naithem and eaitem bouodariM between the laid Uailed Statw and the British proviocea of New Bronswick, to be in a. stale of itrict and rigorous blockade ; and that the said Cooinundei ia CbiaC had stationed off the pottsi ami places above-4aienlioned a naval force adequate to maintain the said blockade in tbo most ligoroua and effective manner i aod that tba porta and placos aforesaid ara andt must be couudered as being in a slate of blockade accordingly ; and that all the measures autborhicdbf the taw of nations will be adopted and executed with respect to all vessels attempting to violate the said, blockade. Earl Bathurst at the same timo notilied to the said Mioisten, by command of bis Royal Highnew the Prince Regent, that the whole of the French troops, which forci- bly occupied positious on the banks of the Elbe, having been removed*' so asto leave that livcr free and secure to the vessels of bis Majes- ty's sal^ects, as well as of other nations, his Royal Highness has judged it expedient to. signify bis commaoda 352 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. cnmrrandt lo the T.orfi Comoni*- liooere of the Admiralty, that the ■ccetury ordcra may be given, (hat all his Majesty's ihips of war, which may have been Btationed at the mouth of the Elbe for ibc pur- pote of blorkading the same, may be imtnediaiely withdrawn. Tht Prinet Regent'x Speech, July 30/A, •* My Lordi atid Gentlemen, ' " I cannot dose this Seuion of rarlUtnent without repeating the pjprcBion of my deep regret at the coDtinuance of his Majesty's lamented indisposiiion. " When, in consequence of that calamity, the powers of Govern- ment were fint intrusted to mc, I found this coantTj engaged in a war with the greater part of £u- " I determined to adhere to that line of policy which his Majesty had Hdopted, and in which he hud persevered under so many and ludi trying difficulties. '• The zealouK and unremitting support and assistance which I have received from you, and from all ciaswi of his Majesty's sub- jects ; the coiKummaie sliill and nbility displayed by the great corn- mander, whose servicrs you have so ju;tty acknowledged ; and the valour and intrepidity of his Ma- jf'Sty'! forces by sea and land, have enabled me, nnder the blessing of Divine Providence, to anrmoutit all the difficulties with which I have had to contend. *' I have the satisfaction of con- trmplaling tlw fnll accompli>bneut of all iboaeot^ecti fbr which the war was either andenaken or con- tinued; and the unexampled ex- ertions of ibii country, cocnbiittil with thoic of h'n Majesty's allies, have succeeded in eSi»:iiDg the deliverance of Europe iiom the most galling and opprenive tyran- ny under which it ha* ever la- " The restoration of to many of ttie ancient and legitimate Goveio- raents of the Onntinent a^brds the best prospect of the permanence of that peace, which, in conjunc' tion with his Majeatys atliei, I have conclnded; and you mayrely on tny efforts being directedj at the approaching Congress, \o com- plete the settlement of Europe, which hss been already so auspi- ciously begun, and to procwte, upon principles of justice and im- partiality, all thoK meoaures which may appear best calculated to secure the tranquillity and hap- piness of all the nati«ni engaged in the late war. " I regret the continnaAce of hostilities with the United States of America. Notwiihslandiog the unprovoked aggression of the sa- vernment of liiat country, ttitd the circumstances under which it look pl3ce, I am Eiqcerely deairotd of the restora'irtn of peace between the two nations upon conditiooa honourable to both. But until ibia object can be obtained, I am per- suaded you will see the necessity of my availing myself of the meaos now at my tiispos^il to prosecute the war with incre;ised vigour. " Gentlemen of the Hotise of Commons, " I thank you fbr the liberal provision which you have nude for the tenicc* of the presenl year. " The circuinttancet nnder which the war iu Earope hss been cwcluded. STATE PAPERS; $55 clilded, and tbe oeceanty of rnaintainiDg for ■ dme h body of troopi m Brititb -pay upon tbe contiDcnt, have randeTcd a opoti- niutionof our foreign expenditure unaroidable. You may rely, how- ever, Dpon my determinatioa to reduce the expenies of the connlty as rapidly as the nature of our Bituation will permit. " My Lords and Gentlemen, " It li a peculiar gtatification to ne to be enabled to ainire yoii, that full juBliceii rendered through- out Europe to that mani/ pecseve- rince which, amidst the convul- sioni on the continent, has pre- served this conotry agaiiut all the detigna of its enemies, has aug- itKDted thereiaarces and extended the dominions of the British em- pire, and has proved in its resnlt at beneficial to other nationi as to our own. " His Majesty's subjects cannot fwl to be deeply sensible of the distinguished advantages which they DBve -possessed; and I am peiinaded that they will ascribe tbem, under Providence; to that Conatltntlon which it has now for a century been the object of mj fam^j to maintain unimpaired, and under which the people of this realm have enjoyed more of real liberty at home, and of true glory abroad, than has ever fallen to tbe lot of any naiioo." SptecA of the Prince Regent, Nwrmfitr 8. It is with deep regret that I am agaia obliged to announce the coDtinuaace of his Majesty's la- mented indisposition. It would have given me great Vol LVI. MtiifiKtiao to bave been enabled 10 cominiiDlcate to ybu the termi- nation of the war between this coantry and the United Slates of America. Allhongh this war originated in the roost unprovoked aggression on tha part of the Government of the United States, and was calcu- lated to promote the designs of the common enemy of Europe against the rights and indq>end- ence of all other nations, I never have ceased to entertain a sincere deaire to bring it to a conclnrion on jnst and bonocnable termi. I am still engaged in n^odf tlons for this pnrnne ; the success of them mnst, nowevcr, depend on my disposition being met with corresponding sentiments on ttie part of tbe enemy, Tbe operations of bit Majesty's -forces by tea and land in the CKe- lapeake, in the coarse of thepre- sent year, have been attended with the most brilliant and successful results. The Sotilhi of the enemy m the Patuient has been destroyed. The signal defeat of their Land forces enabled a detachment of hii Ma- jesty's army to take possession of the city of Washington, and the spirit of enterprise which has cha- racterised all the movements in that quarter has produced on the ic bitants a deep and sensible imp sion of tbe calamities of a war in which they have oeeo w wantonly involved. Tbe expedition directed from Haliftx to the noithem coast of the United States has terminated in a manner not leas satisftctory. The Buccesafiil course of this ope- ration has been followed by the immediate lubmission of the «x- 3 A tensive 3Ji ANNUAL KEGISTER, 1814. leuiwe iitid imporUot distiict cut Geotleniea of the Hooie of of the Penobscot livcr to hu Ma- CoBunom, je*t;'i arms. t bavc directed the ertimilM for lo advettiog to these eveota, I ttwaoiuriagyeat to be U4 before ana confidenE you will be dupoied you. (o reader full juitice to the rilaur I am bappy to be able to infcHm and discipline wbicb have distiii- yog, tbat the revenue and oom- ffiiished bis Majesty's land and sea merce of the United Ktogdom are forces i and ynu will regret wttli in ibe most flouttahiDg condition. me the severe lois the country has I rrgret the necessity of (be sustained by the fall of tbc galUnt Urge expenditure whiob we must commander al bis Majesty's troops be prepared to meet in the coarae in the advance upon Bahiniore. of ilie ensuing year; but tbe cir- I availed tnyaelf of the earliest cumstanctv uuder which the long opportunity afTorited by tbe state and a rduoua- contest in Europe hu of affairs in Europe, lo detach a been c.nrried on and concluded. coosidernble military force to the have unavoidably led to large ar- TiverSt. Lawreticcj butiis arrival rears, for w hie b you will aee ibe could not possibly lakeplacetill an necessity of providing; aqd Ibe odvancedperioil of (becampaign. war itill subsisting with Amaica. Notwithstanding lire reverse renders tbe continuance of gnat which appears to have occurred on CKenions indiapenstble. Lake Cb^mpi^iit I entertain the most , CDnfideiit expecUlioii, as My Lords and Gentleroen, well from Uie amount as from tlie The peculiar character of tbe description of the British force ^^^ war, as well at the extraordi< now serving in Caaadn^ that tbc nary length of its duration, mnst ascendancy of his Majesty's arnv bavo materially affected the inter- throughout that part of Noitb A- '^ situation of all the counUics tneiica will be (fiectually «tat>- cns^sed in it, as well as tbe com- lishfld. mercial relations which formerlj The opening of the Congtesa at subsisted between them, Vienna has been retarded, from Under these circumstanoet I nnavoidable csuset, to a later pe- am confident you will see the cx- liod than bad been expected. pedieocy of proceeding with due It will beiayeamestendearoor, caution in tbe adoption of auch re- in tbe ncgociations which are now gulations as may be necessary for in progress, to promote such ar- 'he purposeofextendingour trade, rangements as may tend to conso- ^^"^ securing our pre^cBt adran- lidate tbat peace which, in con- ^^ges; and you may rely on my junction with his Majesty's allies, cordial co-operation and aasistaoce J have bad the happiness of con- >■) "cry measure which it calca- cluding ; and to re-establish that laled to contribute to the proape- just equilibrium amongst tbe dif> '!>}' fsd woliare of bis Miyealy't ferent Powers which will afford dominions. the best prospect of perroaoetit — Ir-ii^uilliiy to Eu*.j*. Circular Letter aeitt by tW Sect** tary of State for the Hskm De- paitment STATE. PA P,ERB« partment to the CoaMaapdisi ChScws of ibow. Regkaaiitft of Brbiih Militia wliicb rsmain embodied, logethv wiib tb* Opinion of iW Atlomej and Solicitor Oenen) tberna refer- red to:— tyfuidiaU, Nov. I S, 1814. " Sir,— SoBM doubta baving been ezpretsed, as to the legality of keepiDg the ntilillii, cr any part o£it, etnbodwd, under the present ciTcumMancea in which the coun- try is placed, tbe qneMiort hi* been referred for the coniideration of bii Majetty'i Atlorney and Solt* eilor General, a copy of vrboap opinion tbereoo I ba*e the bonour toeodoae. " You will not fiul to take the earliest oppwtunity of commimi- catiog tbe Mune to tbe regioMot under jour command ) and you will at tbe same time explaiO' to tbe meo, tbat u the oatb lakembj tbe mbstinitei and voluMcm la to lerre for &vc years, or fee Hicb furtber time at the militia inajr re- nuin embodied, and not (h bas beet) erroneously supposed) during the war, no substitute or xJun' teer is entitled to bis diadiarge until the militia ghell haTe been actually disembodied. And you wUl add, tbat altbough it is tbe uiKjueationable right cflf bi* Majes- ty to keep the militia embodied notwitbitanding tbe lernuDBtkm of the war with France, it is oerer- tbeleaa tbe Prince Regent's wiih and intention to order the disem- bodying of tbe remaining regl- inents to take place with at liitle delay as may be conustent wilb a dae regard to the public safety : and he truUa, tbat until tbat period ■hall arrlTe, tbe conduct of tho men oitll be narked by that iteady 955 aiti^DiianUdwrdii^ and tp tbe coramaoda '*8 "f Great Sntoin «□ legaUy be kept embodied underMbt peeteetr >»■- Gumstanctaln «hich^-llw cnvtry iaplaoad, jniir 1 nrilahi|i ii'|ilnajiil to desire, -that wa will tak« Wt* Dur igamoliate.aoaaidcratitin (be leveral Acts relaiiag to tbe on tbe King to order Ibe immedn ale disetubodying «f- llw miUtia. Wc bare aeeordiiiglj oeoNdared the same, anAbegltave to repcrt to jour Lordsbipl tbat we are of opinion, that wban oace the mi.< litis have been embodied upon the occitsions slaied in, and ac< cording to the prnfinotu of the Acts, there it nolbiug imperan%fl in the Act, at to Ibe time at or ocxssion upon wbicfa tbe militia it to be disembodied : there is n dis- cretion upon the subject of diiem- bod^ng the militia vetted in hb Uajesty, sutigect ^waja t» tba re^DiitMltiy whiclj attadui upot» 3 A 3 tbfl 3i6 ANNUAL REGISTEll, 1814. the miDiilcn of faU Blajetty, if they iboU idvue him to continae Ihe militia embodied wben no circunMancei exirt in which tbe extenal relatioDs, or internal tita- ■tioQ of the country could make the oDDliaoaoce of the militia in their embodtod atate a matter of oxpodience for ttw genenl vel&re and benefit of hii Hajeaty*! go- TcmmeDtuid dominloni. It may not be improper to add, that aa by tbe atatate 41 Geo. 3. C90, aectlon lii, hii Mejnly ii empowered, in the caaei there •taied, la embody " the whole of the odlitia force ef tbe coantry, or BO nun/ of tbe regimenli, or inch pait or ptoportHin of tbcm or any of theiDi «a hii Majeaty ihall in hia wifdom think neceaMry, and in mch manner m ahall be beat •d^Md to tbo cireamatancaa of the danger)" and M liy aectiori 144, ft U ptttTidcd " that it tball be lawfbl for hit Majeaty, from time to time, ai be thall think fit, to diiembody any part or propor- tion of any militia embodied under tbe act, and from time to time again to draw oat and embody any ancb militia ao embodied, or apy pn^Kirtion thereof, aa to hii Maioi^ ahaQ aeem nccaaaryi" We aie of opinioo, that if tbe externriand iDiemal tituation of ' the coantry aball, at anytime, in tbeja^;iaeol of hiiMajeity, call for and jiutiiy a redaction of the ndlitia fbree of the realm, luch reduction, by ditemboilj-ing, can be govemea only 1^ the aoand diicrttktt of Ua Majcs^'a muii- Btcrai and tkat if a parUal reduc- tion of Mmerwimenta ahall at any lime be Oidnd, it Ytj no meana foUowa that any other regimcnia ty'a order for diinnbodyinf, are entitled to, or can daim to be iif charged from Mrrlce, bat that it nntt be in tbe diicretioa of hi* Majetty'i goTemment, acting opou their knowledge of facta, and upon their conititutional retponsi- bility, if they ahall tee proper, to inipend any order which may have been iuned, but not in &ct carried into eiecatioo. We have, &C. W. Garaow, S. SHtrHXtD. Lord Viicoant Sidmouth, &c. Parliamentary ttcport on WdghU mid Measmret. '[be Select Committee appointed to inqnin into tbe oruinal Standardi of Weighu and Slea- tnrea in thii Kingdom, and to connder the uiwt relating tharato} and to report their Obiervationa iberen^n, toge- ther with iheir Opinion of the mott eflectoat meant for atcer- taining and enforcing noifonu and certain Standardt of Weights and Meaiurea to be nied for the future ; and to whom were re- ferred the Report! which, upon the a6th day of May, 1758, and the nth day of April, 1759, were made from tbe Committee appointed to inquire into the original Standardi of Wdghii and Meajuret in thii Kingdom, and to connder tbe Lawi lelal- ' in? thereto ; and alto tbe Stand- ard Wcdgbii and Meaaarea rc- firred to in tbe laid Reporti; have examined tbe Malien to them referred, and agreed upon tbe following Report : Yoor Coounittee, in ibe fint place, proceeded to inqtihe what meaiorei had beea laktm to eiia- blith S T A T B P A P E R S. 337 Uisb unUbnn wdghti and mca- lUted to be the want of ikill in surei tliroagboDt tbe kingdooi. tbe irlificen, who from (im^ to ' They found ibat thii lal^ect b»i tune loida copies of the ttandar^ engaged tbe ■tlentiun of Parlia- kept in the Exchequer ; and at ment at a very early period. Tbe these imperfect meaiurci were Sratote Book from the time of again copied from, erery error Henry the Third abounds with wai multiplied, till the tariely of Act] of Parliament enactiag and itandards rendered it difficult tO' declaring that there ihould be on* know what wai the ml ttandard,] uniform weight and measure or to apply any adequate remedyjq tbroughoat the realm ; and crcry In tbe teciHid place, the malti* act com ptaitu that the preceding pticity of itatutea made on thit statutei bad beeu inefiectual, and lutyect, many of which are at that the law* were diaobeyed. variance with one another, and in The Select Commtttee of the many of which there are partial House of Commoos, which was exceptloQt of particniu coontiei, anxHOted in the year 1758, loin- and particalar articles, from the (]aiFe into thfc original standards operation of the acts, appeared to . of wtighti and measures in tbii the Committee to be the prindpal kingdom, and to consider tbe lawi cause of the varions ern>n which relating thereto, made a very ela- were ereiy where found to pre- borate report on this subject, in vail. which ia contained all tbe infor- Upon an accurate oompariton of mation that it necenaty with re- the various mesiuixt preserved in gard to tbe inquiry into what ttie Escbeqaer, and which arc di- were tbe ori^al standards of reeled to be used for siiing and weights and measures: such parts adjoiting all other measures, they of that report as have appeared were found to differ roateriallf lo your Q>mmittee to be QXMt from each other, and yet (ibe " important, aw tnterted in the ap* Committee observe) as the lav pendix to this report. now stands, all tfaese measures must Tbe Committee of 175S first be understood to contain the like give an abridged state of tbe se> quaodlies, are equally legal, and vera) statutes which have been en- naay be iniUsciiminately used, acted relating lo weights and mca- Of these various measurea, the turet, 1st. so iar as they establish Committee recommend tbe adop- any weights or measures, or stand- tion of the ale gallon of 38a aids for tbe same ; and ad. 10 far cubical inches, and to abolish the as any means, checks, or sanctions um of all the others. They also are provided to compel the use of recommend that the troy pound the established weights and mea- should be the only standard ot sures, or to panisb disobedience, weight. Though your Committee The Committee then pdnt out agree entirely with the Report of what appeared to them to be the the Committee of 1758, that priocipal causes which bad pre- there should be only one gallon for vented tbe attainment of that measuring all ortides whatsoever, unilbrmity, so much abd so wisely and only me deoominatioo of (Mred by Fuliameat. Then sre wdgbt, yet they cannot concur, for 3^8 ANNUAL KEGISTER, 1814. {^r retioDft which will be hcreafler stated, in the sdection made bjr that Committee ia appoioting these f tandai^s. This Rrport was agreed to by the House : and in the year 1765, two bills were brought in by Lord Carysfort, who was Chairman of t^ Committee of 1758, for the purpoee ot carrying into effect the rasolutioDS of that Committee. These bills were severally read a first and second time, and com- mitted i and the bills, as amend- ed by the Committee, were or- dered to be printed on the 8th day of May. Parliament, was, how- ever, prorogued in that year on the 25th day of May ; and these Bills, which (as far as can be col- lected from the Joumalii,) were approved of by the House, were tbtis unfortunately lost. Since that period, little has been done to accomplish this important object. A Committee was in- deed appointed in the year 1 790, bat they do not appear to have made any progress, as your Com- mittee have been unable to find any minutes of their proceedings. Two acts were passed in the years 1795 and 1797. the 35 Geo. III. cap. 102, and 37 Geo. HI. cap. 143, which empower Justices of the Peace to search for and destroy false weights, and to ponish the persons in whose pos- session they are found ; but no mention is made in these acta of deficient measures. Your Committee now proceed to state what appear to them to be the principal causes which ha?e prevented the esfcablishineot of upiform weights and meamref) and to staift the reasons ''whidn have induced tiiem to diffisr frooa the Committee of 1758, io some ol-their rtsolutions. . It appears to your Oomtnittee, that the great caiisea of the inac- curacies which have prevailed, are the want of a fixed standard in natare, with which the standards of measure might at all times be easily compared, the want of a simple mode of connecting the measures of length with those of capacity and weight, and tho the want of proper tables of equaliza- tion, by means of which the old measures might have readily been oon verted into the new standards. Some rude attempts seem to have been made to establish a mode of connecting the measures of <:apa- city with weight. In an act ef the 51st of Henry Third, in- tituled, " Assba Pan is et Cer- visias," it is declared, *' that an English penny, called the sterling, ft>und without clipping, should weigh 32 grains of wheat, well dried and gathered out oif the middle of the ear ; and ao pence to make an ounce, it ounces a pound, 8 pounds a gallon of wine, and 8 gallons of wine a bushel of London." Nothing, however, can be more uncertain and inaccurate than this method of detennining the size of a gallon measure by the weight of a certain number of grains of wheat, which must vary according to the season and the nature of the soil and dimate where they are produced. In order to obtain some infer- nsation as to what weve the best means of comparing the staodanis of length, with some inTuiable natural staadaFd, your Cbmnaiittee pioeeeded to examine Dr. W. Ilyde W^laslDtt, iecrelatf to the Royal STATE PAPERS. 359 Royal Society^ atld Profesior Plaj- lair of Edinburgh. From the evidence of these gentlemen, it appears that the length of a pendulum making a certain number of vibrations in a given portion of timfe, will always be the same in the same latitude } and that the standard English yard has been accurately compared with the length of the pendulum which vibrates 60 times in a minute io the latitude of London. The length of thi^ pendulum is 39.13047 inches^ of which the yard contains 36. Any expert vtratch-maker can easily adjust a pendulum, which shall vibrate ex- actly 60 times in a minute. The French government have adopted as the standard of their measures, a portion of an arc of the meridian, which was accu- rately measured. The standard metre, which is the io,ooo,ooolh part of the quadrant of the meri- dian, which is engraved on the Plattoa scale preserved in the Na- tional Institute, has been com- pared with the English standard yaid, by Professor Pictet of Ge- neva, and was found to exteed it, at the temperature of 32 degrees, by 3.3702 inches ; and at the temperature of 55 degrees, by 3.3828 inches. The standard yard may there- fore be at any time ascertained, by a comparison either with an arc of the meridian, or the length of the pendulum, both of which nay be considered as invariable. The standard of linear measure being thus established and ascer- tained, the meMures of capacity ire easily deduced from it, by de- termining the mimber of cubical inches which th^ should contain. The standard of weight must be derived from the measures of ca- pacity, by ascertaining the weight of a given bulk of some substance of which the specific gravity is invariable. Fortunately that sub- stance which is most generally diflfused over the world answers this condition. 1 he specific gra- vity of pure water has been found to be invariable at the same tem- perature : iind by a very remarka- ble coincidence, a cubic foot of pure water (or 1,728 cubical inches) at the temperature of 564* by Fahrenheit's thermometer, has been ascertained to weigh exactly 1000 ounces avoirdupois, and therefore the weight of 27,648 inches is equal to one pound avoirdupois. This circumstance forms the groundwork of all the succeeding observations of your Committee. Although in theory the standard of weight is derived from the measures of capacity, yet in prac- tice it will be found more con- venient to reverse this order. The weight of water contained by any vessel, affords the b^'St measure of its capacity, and is more easily ascertained than the number of cubical inches by gaug- ing. Your Committee therefore re- commend that the measures of capacity should be ascertained by the weight of pure or distilled water contained by them, rather than by the number of cubical inches, as recommended in the 4th resolution of the Committee of 1758. Your Committee are^also of opi- nion, that the standard gallon, from which all the other measures of capacity should be derived, should 360 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. should be made of soch a size as to contaio such a weight of pare water of the temperature of 56^^, as should be expressed in a whole number of pounds avoidupois, and tuth also as would admit of the quart and pint containing integer numbers of ounces^ without any fractional parts. If the galloD is made to con- tain 10 pounds of water, the quart will contain 40 ounces, and the pint 20, This gallon recommended by your Committee, will contain 276.48 cubical inches, being nearly 3 per cent, larger than the gallon or 8th part of the Winchester bushel as fixed by the Act of the 13th and 14th of William and Mary, cap. 5, which contains 268.803 cubical inches, and the bushel will contain 3211.84 cu- bical inches, instead of 2150.42, Your Committee are of opinion, tliat this departure from the corn incasure which is employed in the collection of the malt tax, and is supposed to be the most generally mtd throughout the kingdom, is justi6ed by the advantages which they auticipate from the change. General uniformity cannot be expected, unless some simple and accurate method of checking the standard measures is adopted] and ^s the weight of water appears to be the best and most simple method of checking measures of capacity, it is desirable that all minute fraction! of weight should be avoided, There will be much less chance of error in weighing the water contained in any mea- sure, if only one cur two weights 3re to be employ^, than if a greater number were neccMVyi wbic}|. would be the case* if fnctional parts were required. The difficult' of remembering long fractions is also an important consideratioB, and would very ma- terially impede the attainment of that general uniformity which is so much desired. If this gallon U adoptedi the bu the quart 69. 1 2 cubical inches, or 40 ounces of water} the pint 34.56 cubical inches, or 20 cnnces of water: the half-pint will con* tain 17.28 cubical inches (which is exactly i-iooth part of a cubi- cal ibot), and 10 ounces of water. Any smaller measures might with great propriety be described, ac- cording to the number of ounces of water they contained. -Your Conimittee are of opinion, that the simple connection which will in this manner b^ established between the standard of weight and measures of capacity, will greatly tend to preserve the uni- formity of those measures which are found to be most liable to error. I'hey have, besidea, been induced to select this size of mea- sure as a standard, both because it very nearly coincides with one of the statidard corn measares pre- served in the Exchequer, namely, the standard pint marked 1602, which contains 34.8 cubical inches ; and also becau.<«e it possesses the advantage of bearing very simple relations to the gallon measures, which are employed in measoring ale and wine. The calculations therefore which would be neoetr sary for ascertainiog the corre- sponding duties, which must be charged apop ezciseablc liqp<>n^ wo^ld be easily mad^« ThQ STATE PAPERS. 361 The propotf'tioot between the proposed galloa and the measures now in use will be found in the appendix. Your Comnaittee will now prc^ ceed to state their opinion with regard to the standard of weight. Although the troy pound is the only weight established by law, yet the avoirdupois pound is so much more generally known and used, that your Committee cannot hesitate to recommend it in pre- ference to the troy pound. Your Committee are, however, inclined to recommend two exceptions : as the goldsmiths regulate their traffic by the troy weight, and consi- dering the connection of thb branch of trade with the standard of the coin, it appears advisable that gold and silver should be sold by troj weight. Your Committee would also re- commend that the apothecaries* weight should remain without any alteration, as any change in the weights employed by them in com- pounding their medicines, might be attended with dangerous con* seqoenoes. It appears to your Committee that the most accurate mode of a>»certaining the standard pound, \s to immerse in water a solid cylinder of brass containing 27,648 cubical inches, and to ascertain the difference between its weight in water and its weight in air, by means of the common hydrostatic balance. The difference between its weight in water and its weight in air, (or the weight of the volume of water occupying the same space) is the pound avoirdupois. This method is recommended, as it has been found to tie much rnore easy to ascertain the solid contents of any body, by taking its external dimensions, than to find the exact contents of any measure by gauging. In this manner, the standard of length is kept invariable, by means of the pendulum ; the standard' of weight by the standard of length ; and the standard of capacity by that of weight. Your Committee have not gone into any detail of the inaccuracies of the present system, as they are very fully stated in the Report of the Committee of 1758, before alluded to. In order to preserve uniformity in the weights and measures to be used in future, your Committee would recommend that no person be allowed to make or sell any weights or measures without hav- ing obtained a licence for that pur- pose, OB payment of a certain sum ; and that all weights and measures should be marked with the name ^ of the maker, and the initials of the person who examines them* The person who last examines the weights and measures should not be permitted to alter them; but if he finds them to be incor- rect, should return them to the maker, to be properly sized and adjusted. All new weights and ' measures will, therefore, in this manner, undergo a double exami- nation. Your Committee are of opinion, that the powers given to Justices of Peace by the Acts of 3; Geo. III. cap. 102, and 37 Geo. III. cap. 143, to search for and destroy deficient weights, and to punish the persons in whose possession they are found, should be extended, so as to give them the same powers with regard to false or deficient measures. Your 364 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. 19. That it IS the opinioo of this Committee, that the provifiions of the Acts of the 35 Geo. III. cap. 10. and the 37 Geo. III. cap. 143. should be extended, so as to empower Justices of the Peace to search for and destroy false mea- gures as well as false weights, and to hear and determine, and put in execution the law with regard to weights and measures, and to in- flict or mitigate such penalties as ihall be thought proper, and to have such other authorities as shall be nexx'ssary for compelling the use of weights and measures agreeable to the aforesaid stand- ards. 10. That it is the opinioo-of this Committee, that the Sheritf* of each county ought to be directed to summon a jury of 1 2 sufficient men livio^ withinr the coooty, to • return a verdict, on the compa- rison to be made before them of the proportions which the new standards bear to those formerly in u^ in each county' respectively ; and according to the verdict then returned, tables of equalization should be made, and copies of the same should be distributed through each county ; and that all existing contracts or rents payable in corn should be calculated according to these tables of equalization. PUBLIC STATE PAtEKS. S6S 1 Sfl OS' - 3^ If o| Wi??3:??" ilfl si il 1.1 M I ill llllPII ' llltl 366 ANNUAL REGISTEK, 1814. •<.'«j;-o-j •- * 11= III ill Diss CM 5 " 5 r.S 5-§E iifl ||5 ^i liUs ss s ssi J STATE PAPERS. m = a ill: S. a < < ^ * ii:l S68 APPENDIX T6 chronicle. if I ■J o • o • •ill o o o O O o 0 . ' * IP' 1 ^ 1 1 II li: III 1 ll ^ h ■» o o o o o o e oo « o a o o o o o o c o c^ » oo o '4'i s. 1 1 II II. III ■- t/ 1 1 £a Ii« i .1 a il 1: : : .* l-s i':4 i; i 1? sS 1 1 i i i li li li ■If! iriil ilfii =^|r||||rt|2 «: I ^^^ ,-^o ~ o rr? -ra ":? o« 7* f= ^o 2 0 -2'- ^:: o« -,« * J ^ £ ^i-3 •• "; T 2 S ^ ? ^S I 1 Is; 1 ' "1 ^f 5 -A '-m. t ■ P„2 3.-S, 1 - ? i s s ■iWi ITS D si aiiiltiil eJ : 1 1 .1 g r 1- "li |1 1 1 » ' li. ^1 1 STATE PAPERS. 36» ■iilz isJi!=1*S^*« ■M is I ; I III s Ss : i Ill -l5 s S> i -^ i -^iii i i I |:-J^ a I* ■ ? I « '5 3?0 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. illi ;|E.; *f - y llll: Willis ; SI I Jj ; S| ; Jl ; is "I SI'S 11'= 51 5 Jll jj w^ STATE PAPERS. 372 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. jla Aecourtt of the Xet Pror/neeo/all the PgRMASBMTTASls ■/"Grsai BmTAiv; taien for two YeoTi ending rnfieclive/y 5ti January ISi; and Stii janunni ISI-1. CONSOLIDATED CUSTOMS Permanknt du rv m. diuo CONSOLIDATED CUSTOMS (We M»iO ,...D:uo EXCISE BRITISH SrlRITS iHoS..- ..Di.to....Diiia iBU.... FOREIGN Piilo .... CONSOLIDATED STAMPS LAND TAXES ISCIDESTS. Lfittcnr LicenCM Qinr»nMncDiHy ■ Cin«l urd Docl: D.Hy L«lri Money l■lamkc^sin^ IVJIan Hickney C™ehf< 1711.... Dit»,.. Ditto i?84..., (H. per Ub, on l'tn"im« 1 711 ... . li. ., .Ditto unS»l»Titi r7sS.... tiriiurcs. Finn >nil loHcilam ■lent of BlaEhtHooK Ditto Alum Mine* Alienation Duly.,: ■ .... .17S5-. 4 Wh«lHlC«ni»IT«- ■ , . H»i[ Powdti CenificHtei 175{'. Hone Dexlrn' Licence. 1 1^6. . Cloclti ind "Wstchea 1797- ■ i'.io per cent -■- ATindowi 1798.. Riding Hnnei..., -. Arnlorial HeiiinB' ■ Milr SerYinK ■ . 4 Wheeled Catri»sei -- Dog " Artnn of Taxes .- ViDdawi i«OJ.. Honci ibt Huibandiy -^. . Ditto.. ..tlidins .. Mala SerranU ■-. Don ' ■■• 4 VTbielfd CtrriiEC* ... 4J.6IJ I' loo 0 STATE PAPERS. 373 2 Wheeled Ciniages.r 1802., Windows 1^04. . Houses — . . Horses for Riding — -. . Horses and Mules — .• Horse Dealers' Licences — -. . Servants '. . Hair Powder .. Armorial Bearings — . Carriages — . Dogs • — .. jf.io per cent 1806. Consolidated Assessed Taxes.. 1808. 6d. per Lib. on Pensions 1 809. 1i. Ditto on Salaries — — . 6d, Ditto on Pensions 1810. li. Ditto on Salaries . 6J, Ditto on Pensions 1811. IS. "Ditto on Salaries — . 6d* Ditto on Pensions l8ia. I*. Ditto on Salaries — — . 6d, Ditto on Pensions 181 3. 1*. Ditto on Salaries , Surplus Duties an- nusily granted, af- ^Sugar and Malt. In the Year 5th Jan. 1 ended 813. £■ 200 l»74» 604 1,784 496 4 504 617 991 (.77S-563 5>049 4,208 3»$oo 2,500 9,900 1 2,500 1,000 2,000 Ditto, 5th Jun. 1813, s. d. o o o 9I 3 5i 5 1 «S 3 o 3 11 14 4 9 6 6 o 2 13 ai 16 9 I 8 16 o o o o o o Additional Ditto .... Tobacco • . • . terdischargingthree/ Annual Malt millions Ezchequerl Land Tax on Offices, Bills charged there-l ftc on « 1 6J. per jf . on Pensions V «. . • Ditto. . . Salaties. 6} 4 o o o o o o o 145,258 19 2 672,016 o o 103>5I9 »3 4 368,799 o o 95.5^7 5 1,380 12 112 12 10* £. ,. i 200 O O 7.903 3 4I 4,038 IS 6| 979 la I 148 4 if 74 16 4 J»i78 5 5i I,OlO 2 9 634 14 l\ 4,328 12 Iff 98 6 II 1,730 a a 6^62,463 5 1 x»iio 3 io| 1,412 u 7f '>93» 5 3 119 9 10 765 o O 1,993 o • 5,6co o • 11,800 o o 1,200 o o 2,000 o o 392,969 17 ll ' 692,359 o o 170,109 13 3f 4309882 o o 60,918 1 \\ Duties annually I granted to discharge three millions Ex- cbequorBills cbarg< ed thereon 34,240,276 Sugar and Malt.. ... I 2,785,324 Additional Malts... . | 139,106 Annual Ditto Tobacco ,.| 430,928 Land Tax on Offices*! i»5oo &c 10 6 6 o 4i3S>S66»i34 >* '9* 3 2,778,062 18 5f o I 211,437 o o 8 o 337.393 < 8* r^7.597.035 3 3§|38,893,027 18 o| JM ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. - II i 1 11 !z . u ■p. U 3 P P s If 1 1 ;i 1 1 5 r Hi -Jill jlli 5 STATE PAPERS. 37J 9 j i J I. s ^< " l| b -(I I 5-s is 3 2 a|: il«ili|1|||l M \ ill tiff a.* 1 1 376 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Q O Q o D CO IS 1 s < M O O H A W Q M c D "Si s I I r^ o - - C\ oc >o ^ r* » « • ^ *» • JO »• H •^ ^0 OO ftO 9s » « A » « »*) **» w> «^ O »*> r< ao O oc M O ^ M t^ — «o rxoo •> * n tV tT) W> H o o - I O (2 e o T3.S 3 '5 - 1 CSS) S ^ m 2 -a •a o .c I < H a a as & STATE PAPERS. a s Is 3i: :!' :^Sf slip's 378 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. FOREIGN STATE-PAPERS. Letter from his Excellency Don Joseph Lttyando to his Excel- lency the ylmbassador of his Bri- tannic Majesty, Madrid, Jan . 70,1814. Sir, — The Regenc}' of the king- dom orders me to communicate to your Excellency every thing that has occurred since the arrival of the Duke of San Carlos in Ma- drid, until his departure from that capital. Your Excellency will see in this communication an unequi- vocal proof of the frankness with which the Government has acted in this affair, and in the declara- tions made to the said Duke. You will also see therein a proof still more distinguished of the fidelity of the (rovernmcnt to those prin- ciples which it has recognised, — not choosing even to enter into explanations, however flattering they might be, without the inter- vention and concurrence of the British Cabinet, as well as of those other Cabinets which, having en- gaged in this war, are guided by the same principles of honour to defend a cause as just as it is sa- cred. The Duke of San Carlos arrived at Aranjuez in tlie night of the ^ 4th instant, and being presented to the Regency, he delivered to them 0 letter from the King of Spain, Don Ferdinand VII., dated Valen- cay, in which, after mentioning the good stale of his health, and of that of bis dear brother and his uncle, the infiints Don Carlos and Don Antonio, who were with him ; and manifesting, that he was acquainted and satisfied with the sacrifices uhich the nation had made for his Royal Person, — with the brave and unalterable con- stancy of his faithful subjects, the persevering assistance of England, the admirable conduct of her Ge- neral-in-Chief, Lord Wellington, and of the Spanish Generals who had distinguished themselves,— his Majesty declared, that he had been spontaneously invited by the Emperor Napoleon, through the medium of his Ambassador, tlie Count de La forest, to adjust a treaty of peace upon propositions founded on the restoration of his Royal Person 5 the integrity and independence of the Spanish Stales ; and exempt from every clause unconformable to the bci* nour, the dignity, and interest of the Spanish nation ) in conse* quence of which, his Majesty bad authorised the Duke of San Carlos to treat in the name of bis Ma- jesty, about an object so important, with Count La forest, the Plenipo- tentiary named by Napoleon to that effect ; and that this treaty being happily concluded* he had sent it to the Regency by the said Duke, in order that the ratifications might be drawn up in due form. Your Excellency will sec this treaty in the copy subjoined. The Regency, without vacillat- ing, without entering into any ex- planation or analysis of the arti- cles of the treaty, soldly lookiof to the decree of the General and £xtmordinary Cortes of the ist oC January, STATE PAPER. 379 January, i8i i, which ordains that no agreement, treaty, or even form of truce, shall be entered into with Prance, until his Majesty is at perlect liberty 5 influenced also by the treaty with Great Britain, of which one of the articles pre- Bcribes, that there shall not be peace with France without the intervention of that power j con- fined themselves to giving, as their only reply to the Duke of San Carlos, a letter for his Majesty, in which the above-named decree was inserted, and his Majesty was in- formed, that it was impossible to ratify such a treaty, which besides was entirely null in all its parts. Notwithstanding that this trans- action was completely terminated in the above manner, the Regency have thought it their duty to com- tmmicate the same to the Cabinet of their Allies, thus proving the. rectitude of their principles. It is in pur.*!uance of their orders there- fore, that I have the honour to beg your Excellency to transmit this document for the information of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Great Britain. The Regency view only in this new step of Napoleon, the dii King of Sweden has given on the factory proof in the cession of S9«- domains and revenues in Swedish dish Pomeranla and the Jsle of Pomerania and the isle of Bu- Rugen, so his Majesty wiU pse aU gen^ and which amount to the his endeavours with the Allied yearly sum of 48,000 Pomeranian Powers to secure^ in a4djtiQD, at rix dollars 3 his Majesty also b>nds a general peaoe^ a fuU equivalent himself to maintain tlie donatories to Denmark for the ^t^sioo of in the full and undisturbed posses- Norway. sion of their rights and revenues, XIV. lounediatdx i^ob the signinj ~'^l STATE PAPERS. 385 Blgniog of the present treaty, an aGcoont of the same shall be 8ent« with all possible speedy to the Ge- nerals and armies, in order that hostilities may wholly cease on both sides^ both by sea and land. XV. The high contracting par- ties engage, that immediately af- ter the signing of the present trea- ty> all contributions and requisi- tions of whatever kind and deno- mination, shall immediately cease, so as that even those which shall have been already ordered shall not t>e enforced. It is likewise agreed, that all property which has been sequestrated by the Army of North Germany, shall be restored to the owners. Herefrom are excepted such ships and ship-lad- iDgs as belonged to subjects of the King of Sweden and his Allies, and have been brought into the harbours of the Duchies of Sles- wyk and Holstein ; these shall re- main with their present owners, who shall dispose of them as they think fit. [This article then arranges the mode in which the places in Hol- stein and Sleswyk, possessed by the allied troops, are to be evacuated by them.] Immediately on the signing of the present treaty the Swedish troops shall enter into Norway, and take possession of all the strong places there. His Majesty the King of Denmark binds himself to give the necessary orders to that effect. The Swedish troops shall deli- ver up Swedish Pomerania, and the Isle of Rugen, to the troops of the King of Denmark, as soon as the fortresses of Frederickshall, Konigswinger, Frederickstadt, and Aggerhuus have been taken pos- session of by the Swedish tro«pa. VANISH DECLARATlOlh By the care of the Danish go* veniment, the war, which already for fifteen years had devastated Europe, had not disturbed the re- pose of the Danish nation ; when the King, for a moment, saw himself under the necessity of using defensive means, partly for the protection of his subjects* com« mcrcc, and partly for the security of his provinces bordering on Ger* many. The attack made by the English on his Majesty's capital^ and carrying off the Danish fleet in the year 1807, put an end to the happy tranquillity which his Majesty had until then been ena- bled to preserve for his subjects. The Danish states at that time had the same common enemy with France, and the consequence was, that an alliance was sought, and concluded, with that poWer. The Emperor, openly and directly^ promised men and money ; and a numerous army immediately mov- ed into the provinces belonging to his Majesty the King. It waa agreed that the expense of its sup- port should be defirayed by the French government, and this a- mounted to a sum of several mil- lions of rix-dollars. Without un« dertaking any thing, however, thi^ army remained a burthen longer than the Danish government thought requisite. The expense of its support remained unpaid, and the requests of Denmark on this point were equally fraitless, at those concerning the announced requisitions in money. The situa- tion of the State, whose resources were already diminished by the naval war, and by these novel dis- bursements, became totally ex- hausted; and agaip soffered a moat 384 ANNUAL REGISTER, 18I4. most prejudicial infiueoce from the shutting of the continental ports, which was represented as one of the means for obtaining a general peace. The annexation of the Hanse Towns and contiguous provinces to the French empire^ became afterwards a most heavy burthen, with regard to the com- nercial intercourse with Germany. Its effects extended even to lite- rary connections. Earnest pro- fessions, which were frequently lenewed, had given hopes that these obstacles, whicli were so directly contrary to tlie good un- derstanding which his Mnjesty did all in his power to remain in with the French government, would have been removed, but these hopes always remained unfulfilled. V/hiht the French army was re- treating in the winter between 1812 and 18 1 3, the imperial troops, which, according; to a particular agreement, were to have Temaiued for the protection of the frontiers of Holstein, were drawn away. As the French government had at the same time declared its iotention of entering into negocia- tions for peace wiih all its ene- mies, the King deemed it import- ant for him to make overtures of j^ace to Great Britain. The alliance with France was now be- come of no utility. The King would willingly have prevented the cities of Hamburgh and Lnbeck from again falling into the hands of the French, in order to keep the war from his own frontiers, and save from destruction those cities whose interests stoo*! in such direct connection with those of his subjects ; but his Majesty was obliged to desist from the prosecu- tion of this plan: his interests^ therefore, required that h^ should accept the offer made him, of re- newing the alliance with France^ and to give it a larger extension^ in order to assure him of a power- ful assistance against those sove- reigns who had not hesitated to declare that they would support die demands of Sweden, which were so inimical to the integrity of bi« States. The King, on his part, consci- entiously performed the stipala- tions ot the treaty. Whilst his auxiliary troops were fighting by the side of the French, they re- ceived only a part of the pay, which, according to the agree- ment, was their due ; and his Ma- jesty's subjects sufiered a conside- rable loss, as well by the embargo laid on their property, which was deposited in the cities of Lubeck and Hamburgh, of which the French government took to itself the privilege of disposal, as by taking away the funds of the Bank in the last-mentioned city. The promises of restoration given, in consequence of the complaints thereon made, remained, equally with the reclamations made on the subject, without effect. It was assured by the treaty, that 20,000 men should t>e in rea- diness, to protect the Duchies and Jutland ; but Marshal d'Eckmuhl quitted the position which covered those province??, and retreated with all the troops under hi« command 10 Hamburgh, leaving the King's troops to their fate, and who were not able to withstand the superior force which was moving forward to effect an entrance into the coun- try. The enemy's irruption into the Duchies, together with the loss of the fortresses^ was followed STATE PAP£RS. 3S5 by tie Kiiig*K bang fomken by mx My, on whose assistatice he bad reasonable grounds for placing a reJiance. His Majest7 has been nnOer the Tiecessily of consenting to tbe greatest saciificeB, to protect the remaining part of hiq states from invasion, with which they were threatened bjr the combined troops of several Powers, and for the pur- pose of again recovering possession of those provinces which bad fallen into the enemy's power. He recalled his Minister at the Court of tbe French Emperor, and declared to tbe Minister of his Imperial Majesty residing at his Court, tbat be could no longer consider bim as being in that ca- pacity, and that opportunity should be given him for bis return to France. His Majesty likewise declares, that he will join tbe Sovereigns united against France, in order to assist in bringing about a general peace, for whicli all tbe nalious of Europe are languishing, and which ia so necessary for tbe Danish States. Middelfart, Jan. 17, i9i4. Pnclamaiion o/Princt ChrutUm Frederick. Norwegians, — You have been informed that bis Majesty King Frederick VI., notwithstanding the love he bears you, (which we have thankfully lo acknowledge,) has been compelled, by the in- trigues of ihe Swedish government, supported by numerous armies, to renounce his claims to the throne of Norway. With rage you have beard^ that you pre surrendered lo a govetn- VoL. LVI. ment which bai entertalDcd tho^ ignominious thought that flatter-. ing words and vain promixi cooU induce you to infidelity towardt. your King; even so, ai when they in the midst of peace, wantoul/. exercised the barbarous enmity ot endeavouring to starve you, audi thereby shake your courage, which, they knew ever to have been uD->. daunted. She now conceives yoa capable of the weakness, that yoa would expose yourself to tbe tame unfortunate tate and yoke under which Sweden's sons groan, to an- swer the ambition of a slrangCTi and fighl abroad for foreign mo- ney 1 But the free people of Norway can fix ttcirown destiny I Swear to found the indepen^ncei of Norway I Call God to witneit your sincerity, and supplicate tbe benediction of heaven on yoni dear country. It is God's will« loyal Norwegians, that I, tbe He-, rnlitary Prince of Denmark's throne, should be at ihis conjunc- ture amongit you, that through tbe harmony which reigps in y«ar hearts you may be saved. I have Ihe public voice for inde- pendence, for serious and unlimit- ed resistance against foreign vio- lence. Inspired as I am for Nor- way's happiness and honour, it ii a lufRcient inducement to me to remain amongst thia faithful peo- ple as long as I can be useful to their independence, and maintain tranquillity and ord.-tr. Appointed by Providence lo conduct at pre- sent the reins of this realm, I shall protect, with a firm hand, and without regarding dangers or dif- ficulties, tlie security of Norway and its. laws. An independent assembly of the mofit enlightened lueo of tbe na* tion shall, by meansof a wlsecoo- 2 C nit-iititar 386 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. slitution, give renewed strength to this country, in order to withstand its public and private enemies; and it will depend upon them whe- ther I shall continue the trust now reposed in me by the wish of the nation. Beloved people of Norway, I have already received numerous proofs of your attachment and confidence. I shall ever feel my- self happy and safe amongst you. I shall strive to revive your com- merce, the sources of opulence. Nothing will be nearer to my heart than to keep far from you the scenes of raging war ; but when fbreign force attempts lo violate the liberty and independence of this State, then we shall evince that there is sufficient power with- in us to revenge insults, and cou- rage to prefer death to shameful subjugation. Grief and affliction we will readily overcome, if im- placable enemiei refuse us peace. Within this State but one senti* ment must prevail, — to make every sacrifice for our cotintry, — to pre- serve Norway*s honour, and give it its ancient brilliancy. Ourefibrts will then be crowned by God with success, and Norway will again confirm the truth, that that nation is invincible which fears God and adheres with zeal to its native country. rnOCLAMATION Bespecting the Relation "which shall exist with other Nations, and the aJiolition of Privateering. Christiania^ Feb. i6, 1814. I, Christian Frederick, Regent of Norway, Prince of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, make known, that as well myself as the nation of Norway at large^ consi- der it as a. great favour on the part of King Frederick VI., that before he absolved us from our oaths, he established peace between us and Great Britain. . It shall always be n>y aim to maintain it with that and with other nations, and it is therefore solemnly declared, that 1. Norway is at peace with all Powers. That Power only is its enemy which may violate the in- dependence of the nation, and invade with arms in their hands the borders or coasts of Nor- way. 2. Free access to the kingdom of Norway is allowed to the ships of war and merchant vessels of every nation. 3. The regulations respecting privateers and their prizes, of March 28, 1810, and supplements of 27th of August and December, are hereby annulled, and to be consi- . dered as having not been in effect since the 14th of January last. Any thing done since then, founded on these regulations, is revoked. 4. All prizes, or property, con- demned or confiscated, since the 14th of January, shall immediately be restored. 5. All the privateers of foreign Powers shall leave our ports with- in fourteen days Immediately after these presents are known in the respective ports. All prizes shall be restored. 6. All prisoners shall be deli- vered up en masse, and the private debts of the prisoners of Norway shall be paid. 7. Ships of any nation whatso- ever, importing in the kingdom of Norway two-thirds of their car- goes in grain, or other provisions, are allowed (any law or regulations to the contrary notwithstanding) to import any merchandizes tbey think STATE PAPERS. 387 think proper, paying the custom- ary duties. In this last case even 8. Fish will be allowed to be exported in such vessel, to the ex- tent of two- thirds of its cargo. Treaty of Alliance between his Ma' jesly the Emperor of yiustriag King of Hungary and Bohemia, his Majesty of' all the Hussias, his Majesty t/ie King of the Unit' ed Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Majesty the King of Prussia \ signed at CAaumont March \, 1814: In the name of the most holy and indivisible Trinity. Their Imperial and Royal Ma- jesties, the Emperor of Austria^ King of Hungary and Bohemia, his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias. his Majesty the King of the United Kingdoms of Great Rritain and Ireland, and his Ma- jesty the King of Prussia, having transmitted to the French Govern- ment proposals for a general peace, and being at the same time ani- mated with the wish, in case i'rance shouhl reject these propo- sals, to strcngtlien the mutual obligation existing between them for the vigorous prosecution of a war which is designed to relieve Europe from its long suiferings, and to secure its future repose, by the re-establishment of a just ba- lance of power 3 and on the other liand, in case Providence should bles« their peaceful views, to agree on the best means of securing the happy result of their exertions against every future attack: Their Imperial and Royal Ma- jesties above named, have resolved to confirm this double agreement bv a !>iilciiiii trcaJy to be signed by each of the four powen, separately with the three others. They have therefore named for their plenipotentiaries, his Impe- rial Apostolic Majesty, to negociato the conditions of this treaty with his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, Clemens Winzcl Lotha- rius. Prince of Metternich Winne- berg Ochsenhan, sen. Knight oif the Golden Fleece, &c. Minister of State, and Minister for Foreign Affairs 5 and his Majesty the Em- peror of all the Russias, on his side, Charles Robert Count Nes* selrode, his Privy Counsellor, Se-* cretary of State, &c. who having exchanged their full powers, have agreed on the following articles : Art. I. The high contracting powersengageby the present treaty^ in case France should refuse to accede to the terms of the peace proposed, to exert the whole force of their dominions for a vigorous prosecution of the war against France, and to employ it in the most perfect agreement, in order by this means to procure for them- selves, and all Europe, a general peace, under the protection of which all nations may maintain, and securely enjoy, their inde- pendence and their rights- II. It is to be understood that this new agreement is not to make any change in the obligations al- ready existing between the con- tracting Powers, concerning the number of troops to be em{3oyed against the common enemy ; on the contrary, each of the four contracting courts again binds it- self, by the present treaty, to keep in the field an army of 150,000 men always complete, in activity against the common enemy, and that exclusively of the garrisons of the fortresses. 3 C 2 Art. II." 388 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Art. IL The high contracdog Powers mutually engage to enter iiMo no separate negociations with the common enemy, and= to con- clude neither peace, cessation of h<)sliHties>norany convention what- 8()eVer, except by joint consent of them all. They further engage never to lay down their arms till the object of the war, as they have agreed upon it among them8elves> shall be fully obtained. A.rt. III. In order to obtain this great object as soon as possi- ble, his Majesty the King of Great Britain engages to fumisL a sub- sidy of 5,000,000!. sterling for the service of the year 1814, which shall be equally divided between the three powers; and their Impe- rial and Itojral Majesties further engage to settle brforc the ist of January of every future year, in case (which God forbid) the war should continue so long, the ad- vance in money that may be ne- cessary in the course of the subse- quent year. The subsidy of 5,000,000!. here- in specified, shall be paid at Lon* don in monthly instalments, and in equal proportions, to the Mini- sters of the respective Powers duly authorized to receive it. In case peace should be con- cluded between the allied Powers and France before the end of the year, the subsidies calculated at ihc rate of 5,000,0001. per ann. shall be paid to the end of the month in which the definitive treaty shall be signed 5 and his Britannic Majesty promises, over and above the subsidies here stipu- lated, to pay to Austiia and Prus- sia the amount of two months, and to Russia of four months, to dtefray the expenses of the niarcli of their tit)op»bitek- to theur own territo- ries. Art: rv. The high contracting powers* shall be mutually aotho- rized to have officers dul3r com- missioned with the Generals com- manding those armies, who may freely corre8pvcr so attacked or tlireat* eoed. Art. IX. As on account of the situation of the theatre of war, or for dher reasons, it migl^t be dif- ficalt -for Great Britain to fnrnish che stipulated assistance in £iig- lish troops within the appointed time, and keep them up to the foil war complement, his Britan- nic Majesty reserves to himselfthe right to furnish his contingent to the power requiring it, either in foreign troops in his pay, or to pay an annual sum, at the rate of 2ol. sterling for every foot soldier> ond 30I. for every horseman, to the full amount of the stipulated contingent. The manner in which Great Britain will have to afford its assistance in every particular case shall be arranged by an ami* cable agreement between the Bri- tish Government and the pov\'er at- tacked or threatened, at the same time that the assistance is re<]uiTed. The same principle shall he ex* tended to the number of troops which his Britannic Majesty en- gages to furnish by the first article of the present treaty. Art. X. The auxiliary army is under the immediate command of the General in Chief of the re- quiring power ; but it shall be led by its own General, and employed in all military operations according to the rules of war. The pay of tlie Auxiliary Army to be at the charge of the Power requiring. The rations and portions of pro- viiiont, forage, &c. as also qoar- terf, will be furnished aa soon as the Auxiliary Army has passed its own frontiers, by the Power re* quring, and be supplied accord- ing to the same standiUFd as it sup* plirs its own lrotfM« ia 4be -€efai -and in quarters. Art. XJ. The milttary veguUk tion and economy in the interior -administration of the troops de- pends wholly on tbeirowa Cc^ neral. The trophies taken from the enemy t)elong ro the troops which have gained them. Art. XII. The High Contract, tng Poweis reserve to themielveB the right, in case the assiataoce herein stiptilated should be ibpnd insufficient, to make, without iMt of time, new arrangements for further assistance. Art. XIII. The high contfaet* ing Powers reciprocally proroiie, that in case one or other of them «hould be drawn into hostilities by furnishing the succour herein iti» pulated, neither the requiring party nor party engaged in war 191 an auxiliary, shall make peace^ except with the consent t)f the other. Art. XIV. The engagements contracted by this treaty, shall by no means detract from those which the high contracting Powers may have entered already into with other powers, nor hinder them from concluding alliances with other States, which may have for their object the attainment of the same happy result. Art. XV. In order to give greater effect to the above stipulated de- fensive arrangements by the union of the Powers most exposed to a French invasion, for their common defence, the high contracting Courts have resolved to invittt those Powers to join the presocit treaty of defensive alliance. Art. XVI. As it is the object of the present treaty of defensive al« liance to maintain the balance of 390 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. of powier in Europe, to insare the repose and independence of the different powers, and to prevent the arbitrary violations of the rights and territories of other States, by which the world has suffered for so many years together, * the contracting powers have agreed to fix the duration of the present treaty for 20 years, reserving it to themselves, if circumstances should require it^ to proceed to the pro- longation of it three yean beifore ill expiration. Art. XVII. The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifica- tiions exchanged within two months, or sooner if possible. In testimony whereof, the respective plenipo- tentiaries have signed these pre- sents, and affixed their seals. Done at Chaumont, March 1, (Feb. 17, 181 4. (Signed) Prince de Mettebnich. Count de Nessblrode. [The treaties signed the same day with the King of Great Bri- tain, and the King of Prussia, are word for word the same as the above. The first is signed by Lord C^stlereagh, his Britannic Majesty's Minister of State for Foreign afifairs; the second by . Baron Hardenberg, Chancellor to hiS'Prussian Majesty.] Dutch ^Political Constitu- tion. T/ic Hague, March 3, 1814. '1 We, William, by the grace of .God Prince of Orange Nassau, Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands, &c. To all whom these presents come^ greeting ! Invited to the Sovereignly of these States by your confidence and your attachment, we from the first declared, that we would undertake the same only under the guarantee of a wise constitution, which might secure your freedom against all possible abuses; and we have ever since continued to feel the necessity thereof. We regarded it, therefore, as one of the first and most sacred of our duties, to summon together some men of consideration, and to charge them with the weighty task of establishing a fundamental code, built upon your manners, your habits, and corresponding to the wants of the present time. They cheerfully took upon them- selves this office, performed it with zeal, and have submitted to us the fruits of their uninterrupted labours. After a careful examination of this work, we have given it our approbation. But this does not satisfy our heart. It respects the CQUcerns of the whole Netherlands. The whole Dutch people must be recognised in this important work. That people must receive the strongest possible assurance, that their dearest interests are sofifi^ ciently attended to therein; that religion, as the fountain of all good, is thereby honoured and maintained, and religious freedom disturbed by nothing of temporal concerns, but secured in the most ample manner ^ that the educa- tion of youth, and the spread of scientific knowledge, shall be at- tended to by the Government, and freed from all those vexatious re- gulations which oppress the genius and subdue the spirit; that per- sonal freedom shall no longer be an STATE PAPERS. 331 an c^pty name, anJ deperidtMil on ihe eapiic-js of a suspitious and rrafty piilice ; cliat an iiupnrtiaJ administialiou of juitice, guidrd by finrd principles, secure li> every man liis property i ihatcommerce, agricuhurc, and manufaciure! be no loDgcr obsiructcj, but liave free coarse, like rich springs of public and private prosperity } that, tlicrefrjre, no restraint be impos.-d on ihc I'oniestic economy of the higher and lower classes of ilie state, but iliat tliey be con- fbrniLible to ihcgcni'ral laws and the g-ncral gnicrnment ; I hat the movements ot ihe general Goveni- meni be not palsied by loo great a zeal for local inicrcsis, but ra'.her receive froni it an additional ini- pnlse; thai the general laws, by means of an harmonious cn-opera- lionofthelwo principal branehea of I lie Governmenl, br founded on the true iiiterrslB of the Siate ; that the finances, and the arming of llie people, ihe main pillar* of the body politic, be placed hi that central point, upon which ilic greatest and must invaluable pri- vilege of every free people, — their independence, — may be firmly fixed. Which of yon can doubt of this truth, afier the terrible cx- peiienceyiiii have had of a foreign tyranny, which acknowledged no light when it uanted means for it) own mainienancc by violence ; after having sighed, of laic ytari, under ihe most oppressive joke that ever was imposed since the Spanish times ? Now at Icn^t you fenow the true va'ne of those precious rights for which OUT fathers sacrificed their property and blood ; of that hap- pine'.E wliich ihey beqnealhed to their descepdanti ; and which we saw lost through the advenily of the times I Following, therefore, and do- riving encouragement from that example, it becomes my duty, id imiiaiion of those whose ttame I bear,and whose memory 1 honour, to restore that which is lost i it if yonr duly to support me therein with all your eftbrts, that under the blessing of Divine Providence, who summons us to this task, we may leave our beloved country completely re-conquered and re- eslnhlished to our children. In order to be enabled to judge whether the constitutional code thus framed, as before stated, be a means of attaining the above great object, we have thought it right that the said code be sub* milted for maturer consideration, to a numerous assembly of personi iderable and best ilihed a gyou. We have for that purpose ap- pointed a special commission, who are to choose, out of a nomerou* list given in to us, six hundred persons, in due proportion to the population of each of the now ei- i»ting departments. Honoured with your confidence, they shall, on the a8th of thi» month, assemble in the metropolli of Amsterdam, to come to a de- termination upon this weighty bu« sincas. They shall in like manner, with the letter of convocation, receive the plan of the constitution, that they may be able to prepare their decision thereon wlih maturity and calmness of delitieration; and for the mors ettcctual attainment of this object, h copy of the same shall be sent to each member pre. Piously; P92 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. And as it is .of the first import- ance that these Members be pos- sessed of the general confidence, we order that a list of the persons diosen for each department be 'made pablic, and that to all the Inhabitants of the same, being housekeepers, an opportunity shall be afforded, by signing his name without any other addition, in a Register which shall lie open in each canton for eight days, to dis- iapprove of any such person or per- sons as he may 'deem unqualified. No inhabitant is deprived of this right, with the ei^ceptiou of domestic servants, valets, bank- itipts, persons In a state of non-age, pT under accusation. When it shall appeat to us, from the summing up of the re- gisters, that the majority are sa- tisfied with the persons thus sub- mitted to their election, we shall consider them as the rtprcscnta- tives of the whole Dutch people, call them together, appear in the tapidst of them, and salute them as constituting the great assembly, repnscnling the United Ncthcr- laiiHs. ' They shall then commence their labours in freedom, and give us an nccount of their progress by a com- mittee appointed to that effect ; and as soon as the adoption of the Constitutional code is the result of their deliberations, wc ^hall make the necessary arrangenients for taking the oath prescribed to us by the constitution with all due so- lemnity, in the midst of the as- sembly, and after that be installed in state. In the adoption of these mea- sures, worthy countrymen, you »iust foel convinced, that (he wel- fare of oiir beloved country is my first and only object $ that yoor interests and mine are the sacne } and how can they be more iham- festly promoted, than by the iD- troduction of constitutional rple^ in which you will find the gua- rantee of your dearest rights ? They will furnish me with the advantage of conducting, on fixed principles, the charge and respon- sibility of government, assisted by the best and most intelligent of the citizens ; and will secure to me the continuance of that affectioD^ the expressions of which rejoice my heart, animate my courage, lighten my burthen, and bind me and my house for ever to our re- generated country. Given at the Hague this 2d of March, 1814, and of our reign the 1st. (Signed) William. By command, A. R. Falck, Sec. of State. Discourse of /us Royal Hig/nress t^e Prince Sovereign of the iVe- thcrlands, delivered to the As^ semhly of the Notables, on taking the Oath to the Constitution of the 30/ A of March, 1S14. Genllcrpen, — I experience a lively satisfaction in perceiving my opinion with regard to the Consti- tution confirmed by the decla* ration of so numerous an assero* blage of honourable and enlighten- ed men. I feel equally sensible of the testimonies of zeal and of atcach<^ u)ent which I have received oq thb solemn occasion, firom this illtutri- ous assembly. The national honour, our interr iqsts well uncler^tood, the ipanifest protectipq STATE PAPERS. 3S3 proteciion granted to iii by ihe levy in mass, and the nitionat Almighty, rvery thin;;, in sburt, giiardt, and a! now alio by [he ac- must encourage us to pprscvrre cepiancc of the ConEtitmioD. without relaxation in our ellbrts tor I am penujded, Geiitlemeq, the welfare of the country. that I shall only anticipate t^ Precisely four months have ex- wishen of you aU, hy immediately pired this day since my ictuni to applyingmysclf lo theenfbrceinei^t the Neiht-rlanUs ; nnd Juriog thqt ofthat Consiituticn, at igri'U as by short period, thr progress which adoptiog all the meau^res, and we have made in the important eitablishing all the arraqgemcDtt, work of the restoration of the State, without which its ctFeclg wQuld re- has greatly exceeded all that w;e main long incomplete luwl iqv* might have dared to expect. perfect. , Foreign powers have not con- That important task, thwtfi^rc, fined them :el res to a [^lauding (he shall be henceforward the main q^ recovery of our independent exist* jectofmy attention: and in djir^ ence: they have also manifested charging itj I shnll be guided bf by deeds whioh must inspire ui the same impartiality, and the same with boundless gratitude, their sa- solicitude for tlie public welfare, tis^ction at witnessing the aovc- which I ha?e endeavoured hitherto rcisittty conferred upon my house, to display in all the acts of my go- The most important of our fo- vernm<'nt. reign relations, — those which snb- As long as no inroad shall hp sist between us and the generous made on the spirit or the letter of British nation, — wil! soon acquire, the constiluiioo, the country will bjc by the marriage of my eldest son, shelteicd from all dissentions, from anew degree of intimacy and of nil contests about authority, and all rcciprixal regard. rivalry between the provinces. It £ut what gives me Ihe chief allots to reasonable citizens aH the hope for ihe future, is the expe- liberty, to the Sovereign all ihM rience which I have acquired of extent of power, which they can the sentiincnisand of thcgooddis- respectively desire: at the same position of the nation itself. time that the people and the Prince, Its devotion to the gooJ cause the governors and the governed, has enabk-d nie, notwithstanding find in its equitable and liberal ar- ihe exhaustion of this country, rangements, what is calculated to and its dilapidated re»ourcei, lo esiabhsh and secure their mutual laise, in the space of a few weeks, agreement and co-operation. more than 25,000 Iroopq; the In these sentiments, thefruitsof greater part of whom, well armed a long and deliberate examinatiooj und equipped, will soon Uc collect- and which aresiill farther fortified ed on onrfroniiers, under iliecom- and exalted hy the solemnity of inund of my two sons. this memorable moment, 1 declare Its unammili/ in all that con- myself ready, in presence of this cerns the great interests of the assembly.asrepreseniing the Unit^ country has been displayed in the ed Netlierlandi, lo tal^ the osi^ most marked manpor by the prompt which the Consiiiiition hai prcr HrgaoijaiipD 9f the militia, the ncribcd to the Sovereign Piince, 3.04 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814, SWEDISH DECLARATION. His Majesty the King of Swe- den having declared to the people of Norway, by the Proclamation addressed to them, that he reserved to them all the essential rights which constitute public liberty, and having engaged himself ex- pressly to leave to the nation the faeuliy of establishing a constitu- tion analogous to the wants of the country, and founded chiefly upon the two bases of national represcn- tion and the right pf taxing them- selves j these promises are now rsnewed in the most formal man- ner. The King will by no meani' interfere directly in the neW Con- stitutional Act of Norway, which must, however, be submitted for his acceptance. He wishes only to trace the first lines of its founda- tion, leaving to the people the right of erecting the rest of the building. His Majesty is also invariably determined not to amalgamate the financial systems of the two countries. In consequence of this principle, the debts of the two crowns shall always remain sepa- rate from each other, and no tax shall be collected in Norway for the purpose of paying the debts of Sweden, znd vice versa. The in- tention of his Majesty is not to suffer the revenue of Norway to be sent out of the country. The ex- pense of administration being de- ducted, the rest shall be employed In objects of general utility, and in a sinking fund for the extermina- tion of the national debt. Circular Letter from the King of Denmark, addressed to the Ma- gistrates, and the inhabitants in general, of the lingdom of I^r^ way: — The situation in which Den- mark and Norway were at th^ end of last year, made it our duly as Sovereign to give up one of the sister kingdoms to prevent the ruin of both. The Treaty of Peace conclud- ed at Kiel on the I4lh of January, this year, was the consequence. — By this we gave the solemn pro- mise, which never has been, nor shall be broken on our side, to re- nounce all our claims to Norway, and to appoint Commissioners to deliver the fortresses, the public money, domains, &c. to the Pleni- potentiaries named by the King of Sweden. Wecommanded his High- ness Prince Christian, then Go- vernor of Norway, to execute in our name what we had promised. We g^\e him the most positive in- structions, and on the igtb of Ja- nuary gave him our Royal full powers for the persons whom he should appoint to execute the treaty. Then we released all the inhabitants of Norway from their allegiance, and impresstxl on them the duties which for the future theyowedto the King of Sweden. We have learnt with heartfelt grief, that our nearest and most beloved relation, to whom we gave the government of Norway with unlimited confidence, instead of executing our commands, has ven- tured to neglect them, and even to declare Norway an independent kingdon), and himself the Regent of it; to refuse to give up what the King ofSwetlen had a right, according to the treaty , to de- mand; and finally, that he has even seized upon oar ships of war ^'hict^ STATE PAPERS. 395 which were in the harbours of Norway, hai taken down the Da- nish flag, anil hoisted another in its stead, and arrested their com- manders, our servants. Since, after the treaty of peace which we have signed, and the re- nunciation of our clainis on Nor- way, we neither do nor will ac- knowledge in that kingdom any other authority than that of bis Majesty the King of Sweden, we cannot but be highly di^ipieaaed at what has been done there, con- trary to the treaty and our express orders; and the mote so, as every civil ofBcer, from ihe highest to the lowest, who had been appoint- ed by us, a< well as every olber of our subjects in Norway, is rckas- ed from his allegiance and duties towards us, on the sole condition of fulfilling, a< far as he is concern- ed, the stipulations of the treaty of " At the same time that wc make this known, we forhid every one of the officers whom we have nominated in Norway lo accept or to retain any emplovment what- 'jver, in that kingdom in lis pre- sent siaiej we recall all ihe ci*il officers in ihe kingdom of Nor- way wiio are not natives of that countrv, and who regard Denmark, or any of the coiiniriei; belonging foit,ils (heir native country; and command them to return within four weeks from the time when they shall be made acquainted with this letter, under pain of for- feiting our favour, and all the rights, advantages, and privileges, which (hey do or might enjoy as native Danish subjects. Given at our Court at Copeniwgen, April 13th, 18:4. Dechralion of lie Allied FtruMrs on the Breaking Off 0/ the Nk- gniiations at CAatUlon. The Allied Powers owe it to themselves, to their people, and to France, as soon a* the oegociations at Chatillon are broken oJT, pub- licly to declare the reasons which induced them to enter into nego- ' ciaiions with the French Gorern- ment, as well as the causes of the breaking off of tbe negociations- Military events to which his- tory can produce no parallel, over- threw in the month 0/ October last, the ill-conjlructed edifice, known under the name of the French Empire ; an edifice erected on the ruins of Stales lately independent and happy, augmented by ccxi- quests trom ancient monarchies, and held together at the expense of the blood, of the fortunes, of the welfare ofa whole generation. The Allied Sovereigns, led by conquest to the Khine, ihought it their duty to proclaim to Europe anew, their principles, iheir wishes, and their object. Far from every wish oF domination or conquest, animated solely by iha desire to see Europe restored to a just balance of the different Powers, resolved not to lay down iheir arms till they had obtdined the noble object of iheir efforts, they made known ilie irrevocabtene.'^s of their resolu- tions by a public act, and (hey did noi hesitate todeclarelhemselvesto the enemy's Government in a man- ner conformable to their unaltera- ble deierminalioo. ' The French Government made use of the frank declaraiions of the Allied Powen to espiesi indioa- lioos to peace. It cettainly bad 396 ANNUAL REGISTER, 18J4. need of the appearauce of tbu> in- clination, in order to justify ui the eyes of its people the new exertions which it did not cease to require. — But every thing, however, con- vinced the allied Cabinets, that it merely endeavoured to take ad- vantage o( the appearance at a ne- ?;ociation^ in order to prejudice he nation in its favoar> but that the peace of Europe was \ery far from its thoughts. The Powers, penetrating its ser cret views, resolved to go and con- quer, in France itself, the long de- sired peace. Numerous armies brosscd the Rhine; scarcely were they passed the first frontiers when the French Minister for Foreign Affairs appeared at the outposts. All the proceedings of the French Government bad henceforth no Other object, than to mi^ead opi- nion, to blind the French people, and to throw on the Allies th«^ odium of all the miseries attendant pn an invasion. The course of events had given the Allies a proof of the full (lower tf the European league. The prin- ciples which, since their first union for the common good, had anitnat- ed the counsels of the Allied Sove- reigns were fully developed j no- thing more hinderrd them from un- folding the conditions of the recon- struction of the common edifice : these conditions must be such as were no hiodcance to peace after so many conqucsis. The only power calcplatcd to throw into the scale indemnifica- tions for France, England, could «pt:ak openly respecting the sacri- fices which it was ready to make lor ^ general pc-age. The J^litd So%'ereigns were permitted to hope that the expericiice of late e%ei>Cs would have had some ioflueiKe on a conqueror, exposed to the ob- servation of a great nation, wbicb was for the tirst time witness in tl*<; capital itself to the miseries he had brought on France. This t-xpericncc might ha?e con- vinced that the support of thrones is principally dependent on mode- j-rition and probity. The Allied powers, however, convinced that the trial which they made must not endanger the milijary operations, saw that the.se operations must be continued during the negociations. The experience of the past, and afBicting recoil ectjoas, shewed them the necessity of this step.— Their Plenipotentiaries met those of the French Government. Meantime the victorious armies approached the gates of the capital. The Government took every mea- sure to prevent its falling into our hands. The plenipotentiary of France received orders to propose anarmisticr, upon conditions which were similar to th(>y means of which 398 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. which its Grovernment^ to the mis* fortune of Europe and that of France^ had effected the fall of so many thrones, and so many revo- lutions : that members of the fa- mily reigning in France should be placed on Foreign thrones 3 the French Government, in short that Government which, for so many years, has sought to rule no less by discord than by force of arra.«, was to remain the arbiter of the ex- ternal concerns of the powers of Europe. By continuing the negociations under such circumstances, the Allies would have neglected what they owed to themselves, they would from that moment have de- viated from the glorious goal they bad before them, their efforts would have been turned solely against their people. By signing a treaty upon the principles of the French projet, the Allies would have laid their arms in the hands of the common enemy; they would have betrayed the expectation of na- tions, and the confidence of their allies. It is in a moment so decisive for tlie welfare of the world, that the Allied Sovereigns renew this so- lemn engagement, till they shall have attained the great object of their union. France has to blame its Govern- ment alone for its sufferings. Peace alone can heal the wounds which a spirit of universal domi- nion, unexampled in history, has produced. This peace shall be the peace of Europe : no other can be accepted. It is at length time that Princes should watch over the welfare of the people without fo- reign influence, that nations should respect their natural independence^ that social institutions should be protected from daily revolutions, property respected, and trade free. All Europe has absolutely the same wish to make France partici- pate in the blessings of peace; France, whose dismemberment the Allied Powers neither can nor will per n) it. The conBdeuce in their promises may be found in the prin- ciples for which they contend. But whence shall the Sovereigns infer that France will lake part in the principles that must fix the happi- ness of the world, so long as they see that the same ambition, which has brought so many misfortunes on Europe, is still the sole spring that actuates the government : that while French blood is shed in torrents, the general interest is always sacrificed to private ?— Whence, under such circumstan- ces, should be the guarantee for the future, if such a desolating system found no check in the -general will of the nation ? Then is the peace of Europe insured, and nothing shall iu &ture be able to disturb it. DEPOSITION OF NAPOLEON. Extract from the Registers of tAe Conservative Senate, Silting of jiprU 3, under the Presidency oj Senator Count BartheUmey. The Sitting which had been ad- journed was resumed at 4 o'clcxJc, when the Senator Count Lam- brechts read the revised and adopt- ed plan of the decree which passed in the silting of yesterday. It is in the followmg terms : The Conservative Senate, consi- dering that in a const itutk>nal mo* narchy^ the Monarch exists only in STATE PAPERS. 399 in virtue of the constitution or so- cial compact : That Napoleon Buonaparte, dur- ing a certain period of firm and prudent government, afforded to the nation reasons to calculate for the future on acts of wisdom and justice; but that, afterwards, he violated the compact which united him to the French people, particu- larly in levying imposts and estab- lishing taxes otherwise than in vir- tue of the law, against the express tenour of the oath which he had taken on his ascending the throne, conformable to Article 53, of the Act of tlie Constitutions of the 28th Floreal, year 1 2 : That be committed this attack on the rights of the people, even in adjourning, without necessity, the Legislative Body, and causing to be suppressed, as criminal, a re- port of that Body, the title of which, and its share in the national re« presentation, he disputed : That he undertook a series of wars in violation of Article 50 of the Act of the Constitution of the 2 2d Frimaire, year 8, which pur- ports, tliat declarations of war should be proposed, debated, de- creed, and promulgated in the same manner as laws : That he issued, unconstitution- ally, several decrees, inflicting the punishment of death ; particularly the two decrees of the 5 th of March last, tending to cause to be consi- dered as national, a war which would not have taken place but for the interests of his boundless am- bition : That he violated the constitu- tional laws by his decreet respect- ing the prisoners of the State : That he annulled the responsi- bility of the Ministers^ confounded all authorities, and destroyed the independence of judicial bodies. Considering that the liberty of the press, established and conse* crated as one of the rights t>f the nation, has been constantly sub- jected to the arbitrary control of the Police, and that at the same time he has always made use of the press to fill France and Europe with misrepresentations, false max* ims, doctrines favourable, to despo* tism, and insults on foreign go- vernments : That acts and reports heard by the Senate have undergone altera- tions in the publication : Considering that, in instead of' reigning according to the terms of his oath, with a sole view to the interest, and happiness, and the glory of the French peo^e. Napo- leon completed the misfortunes of his country, by his refusal to treat on conditions which the national interests required him to accept* and which did not compromise the French honour ; By the abuse which he made of all the means intrusted to him in men and money : By the abandonment of the wounded without dressings, with- out assistance, and without sub- sistence : By various measures, the conse- quences of which were the ruin of the towns, the depopulation of the country, famine, and contagious diseases : Considering that, for all these causes, the Imperial Government established by the Senatus ComuU tum of the 28th Foreal, year 1 2, has ceased to exist, and that the wibh manifested by all Frenchmen calls 400 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. c$\h for An order of things, tbe fir A result of which should be the restoration of general peace, at>d which shonld also be the era of a solemn reconciliation of all the slates of the great European Fa- raily : The Senate declares and decrees as follows : • An. I. Napoleon Buonaparte hat forfeited the throne, and the hereditary right established in his family is abolished. . 2. The French people and the army nre released from their oath of fidelity towards Napoleon Buo- naparte. ■ 3. The present decree shall be thmbmitted by a Message to the Provisional Government of France, conveyed forthwith to all the de- partments and the armies, and im- mediately proclaimed in all the quarters of the capital. [A similar resolution was, on tbe same day, adopted by the Le- gislative Body.] Articles of the Treaty hetiveen the Allied Pwuers and his Alajesty the Emperor Napoleon, Art. i: His Majesty the Empe- ror Napoleon renounces for him- self, his successors and descendants, as wel) as for all the members of his family, all right of sovereignty and dominion, as well to the French Empire, and the kingdom ontaly,asoverevery other country. Art. 2. Their Majesties the Em- peror Napoleon and Maria Louisa shall retain their titlrs and rank, to be enjoyed during their lives. The mother) the brothers, sisters, ne- phews, and nieces, of the Emperor^ stroll also retain, wherever tliey may reside, the titles of Princes of his family. Art. 3. The Isle of Elba adopt- ed by his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon as the place of his resi- dence, shall form, during bis life, a separate principality, which shall be possessed by him in full sove- reignty and property ; there shall be besides granted, in full property, to the Emperor Napoleon, an an- nual revenue of 2,ooo,oco francs, in rent charge, in the great book of France, of which 1,000,000 shall be in reversion to the En)press. Art. 4. The Duchies of Parma, Placentia, and GuastaJla, shall be granted, in full property and sove- reignty, to her Majesty the Em- press Maria Louisa; they shall pass to her son, and to the descen- dants in the right line. Tbe Prince, her son, shall, fro6i henceforth, takie the title of Prince of Parma, Placentia, aud GuastaUa. Arr. 5. All the Powers engage to employ their good offices to ciause to be respected, by the Bar- bary Powers, the flag and the ter- ritory of the Isle of Elba, for which ptirpose the relations with tbe Bar- bary Powers shall be assimilated to those with France. Art. 6. There shall be reserved in the territories hereby renounc- ed, to his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, for himself and his fiimtly, domains or rent-charges in the great book of France, pro- ducing a revenue, clear of all dedoctionsandchargesof 3,500,000 francs. These domains or rents shall belong, in full pit^pcrtjr, and to be disposed of as they shall think fir, to the Princes and Prin- cesses of his family> and sbisU STATE PAPERS. 401 be divided amongit tbem io sach a manner, tbat tbe reveaue of each shall be in tbe following pro* pi'oporiioni, viz : — Franca, To Mfidame Mere. . . . 300,000 To King Joseph aod his Queeo 500,000 To Kiog Louii 300,000 To ibe QuecD Hortense and lo her children. . 400,000 To King Jeroni and bis Queen 500,000 To the Princcis Eliza. . 300,000 To the Princes* PaalJoa 300,000 served as a capitiil, which ehall not exceed 2,000,000, to be expended ia gratifications in favour of such persons, whose names shall be con- tained in a list to be signed by the Emperor Napoleon, and which shall be tmnsmitied to tbe Frendi goi 2,500,000 The Princea and Princesses of the house of tbeEmpcror Napoleonsbalt besides retain their property, move- able and immoveabie, of whatei-er nature it may be, which they shall possess by individual and public light, and the rents of which they shall enjoy (also as individuals) Art 7. The annual pension of the Empress Josephine shall be re- duced to t, 000,000, in domains, or in inscriptions in the great book of FKince i she shall continue to en- joy, in full properly, moveable and immoveable, with power todispote of (t conformable lo the French laws. AM. 8. There shall be granted to Prince Eugene, Viceroy of Italy, a suitable establishment out of France. Art. 9. The property which his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon possesses in France, either as eiira- ordinary domain, or as private do- main, aicacbcd to the crown, the funds placed by tbe Emperor, either in the great book ofFrancc, jn tbe Banli of France, in the ife- ■tiottt da Forett, or in any other manner, and which big Majesty abandons to the crown, shall be re- . Vol. LVI. All the crown diamondi His Majesty the Empe- ror Napoleon shall return to the Treasury, and to the Other public chests, all the sums and cSects that shall have been taken out by his orders, with the exception of what has been appropriated from the Ci- vil List. Art. 13. ThedebtsoftheHouse- bold of his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, such as they were od the day of the sienaturc of the pre- sent treaty, shall be iramedialely discharged out of the arrears due by the public Treasury to Uie Ci- vil List, according to s list, which shall be signed by a Commissionac appointed for that purpose. Art. 13. The obligations of the Mont -Napoleon, of Milan, to- wards all the creditors, whether Frenchmen or Foreigners, shall be exactly fulfilled, unless there shall be any change made in this respect. Art. 14. There shall be given all the necessary passports for the ftce passage of his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, or of the Em- press, ihe i'rinees and Princesses, and all the persons of their suites who wish to accompany them, ur to establish themselves out of France, as well as for the passage of all Ibe equipages, horses, and effects belonging to them. The Allied Powers shall, in conse- quence, liirnisb officers and men for escorts. 40J ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Art. 15. The Frendi Imperial goards shall furnish a detachment of from i|2oo to Ti5oo roen^ of aU arms, to serve as an escort to the Emperor Napoleon to Saint Tropes, tht place of his embarka- tion. . At^. 16. There shall be furnish- ed a corvette and the necessary "transport-vessels to convey to the place of his destination his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon and his household : and the corvette shall belong, in full property, to his Ma- jesty the Emperor. Art. 1 7. Tl)e Emperor Napoleon shall be allowed to take with htm and retain as his guard 400 men, voliinteers, as well officers, as sub- ofiicers and soldiers. Art. 18. No Frenchman who shall have followed the Emperor N'jpoleon or his family, shall be held to have forfeited hit rights as such by not returning to France within three years ; at least they shall not be comprised in the ex- ceptions which the French Go- vernment reserves to itself to grant after the expiration of that term. Art. 19. The Polish troops of all arms, in the service of France, shall be at liberty to return botne, and shall retain their arms and bag- gage, as a testimony of their ho- nourabfe services. The officers, sub-officers, and soldiers, shall re- tain the decorations which have been granted to them, and the pen- sions annexed to those decorations. Art. 20. The High Allied Pow- ers guarantee the execution of all the articles of the present treaty, and engage to obtain that it shall be adopted and guaranteed by France. Art. 21. The present act thall be ratified^ and the ratifications ex- changed at Paris, within two dayf, or sooner, if possible. Done at Paris, the nth of April, 1814. (I,. S.) The Prince De Mettek- NICH. (L. S.) J. F. ComteDs Stadiov. (Fj, S) ANDRaComteDE Rasou- MOUFPSKT. (L. S.) Chakles Robert Comtc De Nesselrooe. (1.. S.) Chas. Auo. Baron Df. Hardbnbbrg. (L. S.) Marshal Nby. (L. S.) Caulincouet. State Paper.— Spatx. The King, Since the period when Divine Providence, in consequence of the spontaneous and solemn resigna- tion of my augtkst father, placed me on the throne of my ances- tors, of which the kingdoni took the oaths to me as heir by its pro- cnrators assembled in Cortes, ac- cording to the law and custoxB of the Spanish nation, practised in the most remott periods ; and since that happ^dayon which I entered tbe capftal amidst the roost sincere demonstrations of affection and loyalty with which the people of Madrid came out to receive me. this display of love towards my royal person making a deep im- preSnion on the French kosts, who, cmder the cloak of friendship, hafl advanced a^ far as that dty, bring a presage of what that heroic po- pulation would one day perferra for their Kin^, and for tbdr ho- nour, and giving that example whkh the other parta of Ike king- dom have nobly followed : ainee that S.TATE PAPERS. 403 that da^, I determlne^io nay rojal mind to reply to lentiments so loyal, aod to satisfy the great obli- gations which a king is under to- wards his subjects^ to dedicate tny whole time to the discharge of such aogast functions^ and to re- pair the evils which the perfticioos influence of a favourite bad caused in die preoeding reign. My Unt labours were directed to the re- storation of various magistrates and other persons^ who had been arbitrarily removed from their functions ; but the difficult state of affairs, and the perfidy of Buona- parte, from the cmrl efiect of which I wished^ by proceeding to £ayoBne> to preserve my people, scarcely allowed time for more. The royal family being assembled there, an atrocious attack was per- petrated on the whole of it, and particularly on my person, une- qualled in the iiistory of civilised nations, both in its circumstances and in the series of event» whicb took place there ; and the sacred law ot nations being theire violated in the highest degree, 1 was ^ prived of my liberty, stripped of the government of my kingdoms, and conveyed to a palace with my very dear brother ^nd unde, whicn served as a sort of. honourable prison for about the space of six years. Amidst this affliction, I had always present to my mind the love and loyalty of my people, and the consideration of the eod' Jess calamities to which they were exposed formed a great part of my ^iefs; inundated as they were with enemies, nearly destitute of itU means of resistance, without King, and without a Government previously established, which might put in motion and unite at its voice the force of the nation, diract its impelse, and avail itself of the resources of the State, to combat < the forces which stmultaoeousty invaded thc^ Peninsula, and had treacherously got possession of its principal fortresses. In this la* mentable situation, as the only remedy that remained, I isaaed, as well as I could, while surrounded by force, the' Decree of the 5 th of May, 1808, addressed to the Coun- cil of Castite, and ^n defect of it to any other Board or audience that rhight be at liberty, in order that the Cortes might be convoked, who had only to employ themselvoa on the spur of (he moment, fn raising the taxes and supplies ne- cessary for the defence of the kingdom, remaining perroanent for other events which might occur s but this my Royal Decree unfortunately was not known there; and although it was af- terwards known, the provinces provided for the same object, as soon as the accounts reached them of the cruel tragedy perpetrated In Madrid on the memorable 2d of May, by the Chief of the French troops, through the instrumenulity of the Jnntaa which they created. t^ext took place the glorious battle of Baylen : the French ^ed as far as Vittoria, and all the provinces, with the capital^ praclauned me, anew. King of Castile and Lron^ in the metropolis, with the setne formalities as the Kings my august predecessors. This is a recent fact, of which the medals struck in all parts afford demonstrative proof, and which the people through whom I have passed since my re- turn from France have confrrm^ed by the effusion of vivas which moved the sensibility of my heart, 2 D 2 where 404 ANNUAL K ROISTER, 1814. where ihcy are engrnved never \o be effaced. From the deputies nominated by the Juntas^ the Central Junta was formed j who exercised in my royal name all tiie powers of Sovereignty from Sept. iSo8, till Jan. 1810 ; in which month was established the first Council of Regency, in whom the exercise' of that power continued till the 24th of September in the same year : on which day were installed in the isle of Leon the Cortes called General and Extra- ordinary, when 104 Deputies to(;k the oaths, in which they engaged to preserve for me my dominions as their Sovereign ; all which ap- pears from the act certified by the Secretary of State Don Nicolas Maria de Sierra. But these Cortes, assembled in a manner never used in Spain, even in the most arduous cafies, and in the most turbulent timoB of the minorities of Kings, in which the Assembly of Procu- rators were wont to be more nu- merous than in the common and ordinary Corfes, were not called the States of the Nobility and Clergy, although the Central Junta had so ordered, this Decree having been artfully concealed from the Council of Regency, and also the fact that the Junta had assigned to it the Presidency of the Cortes, a prerogative of the Crown which the Regency would not have left to the decision of the Congress, if it had been acquainted therewith. In consequence of this, every . thing remained at the disposal of the Cortes : who, on the very day of their installation, and by way of commencement to their acts, despoiled me of my sovereignty, which the same deputies had only a little i>efore acknowledged, as- cribing it nominally to the nation, in order to appropriate it to tbeiti- selves, and then, upon such usur- pation, to dictate to the nation such laws as they pleased, imposing upon it the yoke by which it should receive them compulsorilr in a new Constitution, which the deputies established without au- thority of the provinces, people, or juntas, and without the know- ledge of those provinces, which were said to be represented by sub- stitutes from Spain and the Indies. This Constitution they sanctioned and published in 1812. This firit attack upon the prerogatives of the throne, abusing ihe name of the nation, became, as it were, the basis of many other attacks which followed it; and in spite of the repugnance of many deputies, per- haps of the majority, they were adopted and raised to the rank of laws, which they called funda- mental, by means of the shouts, threats, and violence of those who attended iR the galleries of the Cortes, with which they alarmed and terrified ; and that which wa; in truth the work of a faction, wa* clothed with the specious mask of the general will, and for such will, that of a few seditious persons, who in Cadiz and afterwards in Madrid, occasioned affliction to ail good citizens, made their otvn to pass. These facts are so notorious, that there is scarcely any one who is ignorant of thf'm ; and the very Diaries of the Cortes furnish ample proof of them. A mode of making laws so foreign to the JSpanish nation, gave occasion to an altera- tion of the good laws under which, in other times, it was respected and happy. • In truth, almost all the forms of the ancient constitQtiofD of the STATE PAPERS. 405 \!ie Monarchy were innovated upon ; and copying tke revolu- tionary and democratic principles of the French constitution of 1 791, they sanctioned, not the funda- mental laws of a moderate Mo- narchy, but those of a popular Go- vernment, with a chief, or magis- trate, tlieir mere delegated exe- cutor, and not a King, although they gave him that name, to de- ceive and seduce the unwary and the nation. Under the same want of liberty this new Constitution was signed and sworn to ; and it is known to all, not only what passed with regard to the respectable Bishop of Orense, but also the punishment with which those were threatened who refused to sign and swear to it. To prepare the public mind to receive such novelties, especially those regarding my royal person and the prerogatives of the Crown, the public newspapers were .re- sorted to as a means, some of which the Deputies of the Cortes conducted, and abused the liberty of the press, established by them, to render the Royal power odious, giving to all the rights of Majesty the name of despotism — making King and Despot synonimoas terms, — and calling Kings Tyrants : while at the same time they cruelly persecuted every one who had the ftrmness to contradict them, or to dissent from this revolutionary and seditious mode of thinking : and in every thing democracy was alTected, the army and navy, and all other establishments which, from time immemorial, had been called royal, being stripped of that name, and national substituted, with which they flattered the people } who, however, in spite of these perverse arts retained, by their natural loyalty, the good feel- ings which always formed their character. Of all this, since I have happily entered the kingdom, I have been acquiring faithful in- formation and knowledge, partly from my own observations, and partly from the public papers, in which, up to this very day, repre- sentations of my arrival and my character are impudently circu- lated, so gross and infamous in themselves, that even with re- gard to any other individual they would constitute very heavy of- fences worthy of severe notice and punishment. Circumstances so un- expected have filled my heart with bitterness, which could only be alleviated by the demonstrations •f affection from all those who hoped *for my arrival, in order that by my presence an end might be put to these calamities, and to the op- pression in which those were, who retained in their minds theremein- braiice of my person, and sighed for the true happiness of their country. I swear and promise to you, true and loyal Spaniards, at the same time that I sympathise with the evils which you have suffered, yon shall not be disappointed of your noble expectations. Your Sove- reign wishes to be so on your ac- count, and in this he places his glory, that he is the Sovereign of an heroic nation, who by their im- mortal deeJs have gained the ad- miration of the world, and pre- served their liberty and honour. I abhor and detest despotism — neither the intelligence and culti- vation of the iiatioos of Europe could now endure it, nor in Spain were its kings ever despots. Nei- ther its good laws, uor constitution, • HiUhoriiied 406 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. authorised de^tism ; although^ guaranteeing public liberty and unfortuDately^ from time to time, order, sbfTll leave to all that iala« as happens every where else, and tary liberty whose undisturbed en- in every thiiig huoaan, ther^ may joyment distinguishes a moderate have been abuses of power which from an arbitrary and despotic go- aopossible Constitution can wholly vemment, and m which the citi- guaid against; nor were they tlie zens subject to the former ought to faults of the Constitution which live. This just liberty all likewise the nation had, but of individuals, shall enjoy, in order to commoni- and the effects of unpleasant but cate through the press their ideas very rare circumstances, which and tfioughts, within those limits, gave occasion to them. However, however, which sound reason im- w order to avert them, as eflec- periously prescribes to all, that it tually as human foresight will may not defi;enerate into licentious- allow, namely, by preserving the ness> for the respect which is due honour of the royal dignity, and to religion and the government, its rights, smce those appertaining and that which men mutually owe to it and to the people are equally towards each other, can under no inviolable, I will treat with the civilised government be reasonably procurators of Spain and of the permitted to be violated and tramp- Indies ; and order being restored, led upon with impunitv. ' together with the good usages All suspicion, likwise^ of any Under which the nation has lived, dissipation of the revenues of the iand which the Kings my prtde- S'^te shall cease : those which oessors established with its con- are assigned for the expenses re- sent, ever/ thing that relates to quired by the honour of my royal the good of my kingdomis shall be person and family, and that of the solidly 'and legitimately enacted, nation whom I have the glory to in Cortes legitimately assembled, govern, being separated from the as soon as it may be possible to do revenues which, by the consent 80, in ordet that my subjects mdy of the kingdom, may be imposed live pr6sperotss lind happy, in one knd assigned for the maintenance religion, and undergone goverd- of the State in all branches of the ment, strictly united by indiiSolobie Administration. The laws, which ties. In this, and in tiiis aton^, shall iri future serve as a rule of consists the temporal felicity of a action to my subjects, shall also King and a kingdom, which enjoy be enacted in concert with the the title of Catholic, by way of Cortes, inasmuch as these bases eminencei and immediately pre- may serve ^ an authentic declars- parations shall be made for what tton of iliy royal intentions in ti>e may appear best towards the as- Government with which I am sembling of such a Cortes | in kbout to be vested, and will re- which^ I tmst, ' the bases of the present to all neither a despot nor prosperity of my subjects, in both a tyrant, biit a Kin j^, and a fiitber hemispheres, may be confirmed* of his subjects^ ' 'The liberty and security of persons Having in like manner heard and property shall be firmly se- from the unanimous declaration cured by means of laws, Which of persons respectable f6r* thek zeai STATE PAPERS. 407 K3\, acd knowledge, and from rttpresematiant mad« lo me from varigiu parts of the kingdom, in which are expretsed tbe repug- nance 3nd disgust with wliicb both liie Cousiituiion formed by the General aud Extraordiuary Cones, aj well aa thu other political esta- blishmCDls cecenily introduced, are regarded in the provinces; coa- kidcricig alM the luischiefs which have sprung therefrom, and would increase, should I assent to and nwenr to the said Cooitjtulion ; ucting in con&rmity to such ge- neral and decided demontt rations of the wiihes of my people, and also because tbcp are juU and well founded] loiiCLAjtE.thatmyraya] intention is, not only not to swear nor accede to [he said constitution^ nor to any decree of the General and Extraordinary Car1e«, and of the Ordinary at present silling, those, to wit, which derogate from the rights and prerogatives of my sovereignty, established by tlie tonsiitution and the laws under which the nation has lived in times past, but lo pronounce that con- stitution, and soch decrees null said of no eficct, now, or at any other time, as if such acts had never passed, and that they arn entirely abrogated, and without any obligation on my people and subjects, of whatever class aud condition, to fulfil or observe them. And as he who should attempt to support them, and shall thus con- tradict my royal proclamaiion, adopted with the above agt^ioeat and assent, will attack the prero- gatives of my sovereignty, and the happiness of the nation, and wilt 4:aus(: discontent and disturbance iu my kingdoms, I declare, who- ever ^ItaH dare to attempt the same will be guilty of Hioii Tjieasd*. Bndassuchsubjectloi:apit;t1puiii>b- mcnt, whether he perform the same by deed, by writing, or by words, moving and exciting, or la any othci way exhorting and per- suading that the said Constiiutton and Decrees be ktpt and observed. And in order that, until public order be restored, together with the . system observed in the kingdom prior to the introduction of lliese novelties, for the ailainmeni of which suitable measures shall be taken without delay, the adminis- tration of justice may not be in- terrupted. It is my will that in ttte mean time the ordinary Magistra- cies of towns shall be contityjed at now established, the Courts of Law where there are such, and the audicDcias, intendanls, and other judicial tribunals; and in the po- litical and adiKinisiralivc branches, the common councils of towns, according lo their present consti- tution, until the Cortes, who shall be summoned, being heard, tbe stable order of this part of the Government of the kingdom be assented to. And from the day on • which tliis my decree shall be published and communicated lo the President for the time being of tbe Cortes at present met, tbe said Cortes shallccase (heir sittings ^ and their afts with thoiu of the preceding Coitcs, together with whatever documents or dispatches shall be in their otlice of archives and tectelaryship, or in the pos- session of any other individual whatever, shall be collected by the person charged with theeseculion of this my Koyal Decree : and shall be deposited for the present in the Guildhall of the city of Madri4, tbe . iwm in which they are placed' 408 ANNUAL REGISTER, 18U. placed being locked and sealed up : the books of their library shall be conveyed to the royal library ; and whosoever shall endeavour to ob- struct the execution of this part of my Royal Decree, in any way whatever ; I also declare him guilty of High Treason, and that as such the punishitient of death shall be inflicted upon hiro. And from this day shall cease in every tribunal of the kingdom all pro- ceedings in any cause, now pend- ing for any infraciion of the Con- stitution, and those who, for such causes, have been impri-joned or arrested, shall be immediately set at liberty. Such then is ray will, because the welfare and happiness of the nation require it. Given at Valencia, the 4tL of May, 1 8 14. I. The King. Pedro de Macanaz, Secre- tary of Decrees. As Captain General of New Castile, Political and Military Go- vernor of the whole Province, and by order of his Majesty Don Fer- dinand VII. whom God preserve, I cause it to be published. Fbancisco Ramon de Eguia Y. Letona. Madrid, May 11, 1814. Treaty of Peace between thn Allied Powers and France, In the name of the roost Holy and undivided Trinity. His Majesty the King of France and Navarre, on the one part, and (lis Majesty the Emperor of Aus- tria, King of Hungary and Bohe- mia, and bis Allies, On the other, being animated by an equal wish to put an end to tbe long agita- tions of Europe^ and to th6 cala* inities of nations, by a solid peace^ founded on a just distribution of force between the Pow«»rs, and containing in its stipulations the guarantee of its duration \ and his Majesty the Emperor of Aus- tria, King of Hungary and Bo- hemia, and his Allies, no longer wishing to exact from France, at tbe present moment, when being replaced under the paternal go- vernment of her Kings, she thus oflfcrs to Europe a pledge of secu- rity and stability, conditions and guarantees which they bad to de- mand with regret under her late government ; their said Majesties have appointed Plenipotentiaries to discuss, conclude, and sign a treaty of peace and friendship } that is to say :— His Majesty the K,ing of France and Navarre, M. Charles Maurice Talleyrand-Perigord, Prince of Bc- oevento. Grand Eagle of the Le- gion of Honour, Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold of Austria, Knight of the Order of St. Andrew of Russia, of the Orders of the Black and Red Eagle of Prussia, &c. bis Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 5 and his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, M. M. Prince Clement Wenceslas Lothaire of Metternicb-Winne- burg-Ochsenhausen, Knight of the Golden Fleece, Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, Grand Eagle of the Legion of Honour, Knight of the Russian Orders of St. Andrew, St. Alexander Neusky, and St. Anne, of the ist class, 'Knight Grand Cross of the Pmi- sian Orders of the Black and Red Eagle, Grand Cross of tbe Order of St. Joseph of Wnrtxburg, Kn^ht cif the Order of St. Hubert of STATE PAPERS. 409 .of Bavaria, of that of the Gold £agle of Wurtemberg, and many others ; Chamberlain, actual Privy Councillor, Minister of State, of Conferences, and for Foreign Af- fairs, of bis Imperial, Royal, and Apostolic Majesty -, and Count John Philip de Stadion Thann- hausen and Warthausen, Knight of the Golden Fleece, Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, Knight of the Russian Orders of St. Andrew, St. Alex. Neusky, and St. Anne of the ist Class, Grand Cross of the Prussian* Orders of the Black and Red Eagle, Chamberlain, Privy Counsellor, Minister of State and Conferences to his Imperial, Royal, and Apos* tolic Majesty ; who after exchange iug their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles :— ^ Article I. There shall be, reck- oning from this date, peace and friendship between his Majesty the King of France and Navarre, on the one parr, and his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and his Allies, on the other part, their heirs an^ successors, their respec- tive states and subjects in per* petuity. The high contracting parties shall apply all their cares to main- tain, not only between themselves, but also as far as depends on them between all the States of Europe, the good agreement and under*- standing so necessary to its re- pose. Art. II. The kingdom of France preserves the integrity of its limits such as they existed at the period of the ist of January, 179a. It shall receive t>esides an aogroenta- lion of territory comprised withia the line of demarkation £xcd by the following article :— - Art. III. On the side of Bel- gium, Germany, and Italy, the ancient frontier, sueh as it existed on the ist January, 1792, shall be re-established, the same commenc- ing from the North Sea, between Dunkirk and Newport, even unto the Mediterranean between Cagnes and Nice, with the following recti- fications : — 1. In the department of Jem- mappes, the cantons of Dour, Merbes-le chateau, Beaumont, and Chimay, shall remain to France ; the line of demarkation, where it touches the canton of Dour, shall pass between that canton and those of Boussu and Paturage, as as well as, farther on, between that of Morbes-le-Chateau, and those of Binch and Thuin. 2. In the department of the Sambre and Mcuse, the cantons of Valcourt, Florennes, Beauraing, and Godume, shall belong to France; the demarkation> upon reaching this department, shall follow the line which separates the fore-mentioned cantons, from the department of. Jemmappes, and from the rest of that of the Sambre and Meuse. 3. In the department of the Mgselle, the new demarkation, where it difiers from the old, shall be formed by a line to be drawn from Perle as far as Fremersdorf, or by that which separates the canton of Tholey fi^m the rest of the department of the Moselle. '4. In the department of the Sarre, the cantons of Saarbrudk and Arnwal, shall remain to France, as well as that part of the canton of Lebach which is situated to the south of a line to be drawn along 410 ANNUAL REGISTER, I8I4. 9\sp$ Ae confines of the vitlaget of Herchenbachy Ueberbosen^ Hilsbacb, and Hall (leaving tbese Afferent places witbout the French frontier) to the point where, taken from Qucrselle, (which belongs to France) the line which separates the cannons of Arnwal and Ott- weillei', reaches that whicli sepa- fdXci those of Arnwal and Lebach ; the frontier on this side shall be formed by the line above marked out, and then by that which se- parates the canton of Arnwal froai tiiat of Bliescastel. 5. The fortress of Landau hav- ing, prior to the year 1792, formed an insulated point in Germany, France retains beyond her fron- tiers a part of the departments of liont Tonnerre and the Lower Bbine in order to join the fortress of Landau and its district to the test of the kingdom. The new demarkation, proceeding from the point where, at Obersteinbach ^which remains without the French lirontier), the frontier enters the department of the Moselle, and thst of Mont Tonnerre, joins the department of the Lower Rhine, •ball follow the line which sepa- raliN tbe cantons of Wissenburgh and fiergzabern (on the side of f fance) from the cantons of Pir- ttiasens, Dahn, and Aoweiler, (on the side c£ Germany) to the po!nt where these limits, near the vUlage of Wohnersbeim, touch the an- cient district of the fortress of Landau. Of this district, which jcmains as it wsa in 1792, the new UronjLier shall follow the arm of the river Queich, which in leaving this district near Queichheim (which rests with France), passes Dear tbe villages of Merlenheim, &oilttlskeiffi> and-Belheim (also remaining French)^ to the Rbine^ which thenoe continues the boun- dary between France and Ger- many. As to the Rhine, the Thahreg, or course of the river, shall form, the boundary 5 the changes, however, which may occur in the course of the river, shall have no effect on the pro- perty of the isles which are found there. The possession of these isles shall be replaced under the same form as at the period of the treaty of Luuevrlle. 6. In the Department of the Doubs, the frontier shall be drawn, so as to commence alx>ve La Ran- Gonniere, near the Loell, and fol- low the crest of the Jura betweeu Cemeaux Pequignot and the vil- lage of Footenelles, so^r as that summit of the Jura which lies about seven or eight miles to the jnorth-west of the village of La Brevine, where it will turn back within the ancient limits of France. 7. In the department of tbe Leman» the frontiers between ihe French territory, the Pais de Vaud, and the different portions of the territory of Geneva, (which shall make a part of Swisserland,) re- main as they were before the iur corporation of Geneva with France. But the canton of Frangy, that of St. Julien (with exception of that part lying to the north qf a lipe to be drawn from the point where the river of La Laire enters near Cbancey into the (^enevese terr ritory, along the borders of Sese- guin, Laconex, and Seseaenve, which shall rensiain without the limits of France), the cantonfof Regnier (with exception of that portion which lies eastward pf a line foUowmg the bordtfs of the Mura£j| STATE PAPERS. 411 Moral, Bussy, Pcra, and Cointer, which shall be without the French limits), and the Caalon of La Roche (with exception of the places named La Roche and Ar- manay with their districts) shall rest with France, The frontier shall follow the limits of tliose difierenl cantons and the lines se- parating those portions which France retains from those which ■he givet np. 8. In the department of Mont Blanc, France shall obiaia the Subprcfecture of Chambery, (with exceptions of the cantons de VHopital, St. Pierre' d'Albigny, La Hocette and Mootmelian,) the Subprefeclurc of Annccy, (with exception of that part of the can- Ion of Favet^es, situated to the East of a line passing between Ourechaise and Marlens on the French side, and Marihod and Ugine on the opposite side, and which then follows the crest of the -mountains to ihc frontier of the canton of Tbones.) This line, with the limits of the afore-namcd cantons, gball constitute the new frontier on this side. On the side of the Pyrennees, the frontiers remain as they were, between the two kingdoms of France and Spain, on the ist of Jyouary, 1793. There shall be appc»nted on the part of both, a mutual Commission, to arrange tbeir final demarcation. France renounces all claims of sovereignty, supremacy, and pos- session over all coontries, districts, towns, and places whatsoever, si- tuated without the above stated trMier. The principality of Mo- naco is replaced in the same situa- tioa s> on the ist of January, The AlJieJ Courts assnrc to France the pwsestioi) of iho prin- cipality of Avi|;non, the Venaisin, the county ot'MontbeUard, and aU the enclosed distiictsoncebelongiDg to Germany, comprised within the above indicated frontier, which bad been incorporated with France be- fore or alter the 1st of Janoary, 1792. The Powers preserve mutually the full right to fortify whatever point of their states they may judge fitting for their safety. To avoid all injury to pjlvale property, and to protect on tlie most liberal principles i.He pos- sessions of individuals domiciliated on the frontiers, there fhall be named by each of the States ad- joining to France, Commistioners, to proceed jointly with Prencb Commissioners, to (he demarca- tion of their respective boundaries. So soon as the office of these Com- missioners shall be completed, in- strumexs shall be drawn up, signed by them, and posU erected to mark the mutual limili. Art. iV. To secure the com- munications of the town of Geneva wiih the other parts of the Swisa territory on the Lake, Prance con- sent*, that the road by Versoy shall be common to the two coun- triei. The respective Govern- ments will have an amicable an- derstanding on the means of pie- venting Smuggling, the regnlatke of ibe posts, and the maiDtknanee of the road. . Art. V. The naviptioD of the Rhine, from the point where it beccmes navigable to tbe sea, and back, shall be free, 10 at to be in- terdicted tn no person. PnndpKi shall be I^d down *f a future Congresi^ jfer the coQectioa of the dutici 412 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. daties by the States on the Banks^ in the manner most equal and. fa- vourable to the commerce of all cations. It shall be also inquired and as* ccrtained at the same Congress, in what mode, for the purposes of more facile communication, and rendering nations continually less strangers to each otlier, this dis- position may be extended to all rivers that in their navigable course Mparate or traverse dififerent States. Art. VI. Holland, placed under the sovereignty of the House of Orange, shall receive an increase of territory. The title, and the excicisc of its sovereignty, cannot, onder any circumstance, belong t« a Prince wearing or designated to wear a foreign crown. The German States shall be in- dependent, and united by a fede- ntive league. Independent Swisscrland shall continue under its own Govern- ment. Italy, without the limits iof the countries which shall return to Austria, shall be composed of JSovereign States. Art. VII. The Island of Malta and its dependencies shall belong, in full possession and sovereignty, to his Britannic Majesty. Art. Vlll. His Britannic Ma- jesty, stipulating for himself and his Allies, engages to restore to his most Christian Majesty, within periods afterwards to be fixed, the colonies, fisheries, factories, and establishments of every kind which Prance possessed on the ist of January, 1792, in the seas or on the continents of America, Africa, andA^ia^ with the exception, ne- vemicle&s, of the islands of To- bago, St. Lucia, and the Isle of France and ils . dependencl^. namely Hodrigue and theSechelles, all which his most Christian Ma- jesty cedes in full property and so- vereignty to hb, Britannic Majesty, as also that part of St. Domingo, ceded to France by the peace of Basle, and which his most Chris- tian Majesty retrocedes to his Ca- tholic Majesty, in full property and sovereignty. Art. IX. His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, in con- sequence of arrangements entered into with his allies, and for the execution of the preceding Article, consents that the island of Goa- daloupe be restored to his most Christian Majesty, and cedes all the lights which he might have to that island. Art. X. His most Faithful Ma- jesty, in consequence of arrange- ments entered into with bis Allies, engages to restore to his most Christian Majesty, within a period hereafter fixed, French Guyana, such as it was on the 1st January, 1792. The effect of the above stipula- tion being to revive the dispute existing at that period as to limits, it is agreed that the said dispute 'shall be terminated by an amicable arrangement, uader the medial ion of his Britannic Majesty. Art. XI. The fortresses and forts existing in the colonies to be re- stored to his most Christian Ma- jesty, in virtue of Articles VIII. IX. and X. shall t>e given up in the state in which they shall be at the time of the signature of the present treaty. Art. XII. HH Britaonic Majesty engages to cause the subjects of his Most Christian Majest)- to enjoy, in regard to commerce and the security of their peraoos and properties. STATE PAPERS. 413 properties, within [he limits of the British sovfrcignty on the conii- nent of India, the sane facilities, privilegei, and protection, which ~ arc at present granted lo the most favoured nntions. On his side, his most Christian Majesty having nothing more at heart than the perpfiuity of the ppace bctwesn the two Crowns of France and England, and wishing to contri- bute, as much as in him lies, to remove henceforward such points of contact between the two na- tions as might one ilay alter a good mutual understanding, en- gages not to erect any work of fortification in the establishments to be restoied to him, and which are Bituated within the limits of British sovereignty on the conti- nent of India, nnd to place in those establishments only the num- ber of troops necessary for the maintenance of the police. Art. XIII. As to the French right of fishery on the grand bank of Newfoundland, on the coasts of the isle of that name and the ad- jacent isles, nnil in the Gulph of St. Lawrence, every thing shall be restored to the same footing as in 1792. Art. XrV, The colonies, fac- tories, aod establishments to be re- stored to bis Most Christian Ma- jesty by hLi Britannic Majesty or fais Allici, shall be given up, vii. those in the Seas of the North, or in the Seas and on the Continents of America and Africa, within three months, and those beyond the Cape of Good Hope within si:c months, after the rati6catt(Xi of the present treaty. Art. XV. The high contracting panics having reserved to them- selves by the 4th Art. of tltc Con- rention of April 33, the regula- tion in the present Definilire Treaty of Peace, of the fate of the arsenals and vessels of war, armed and not armed, which arc in ma- riiime fortresses, surrendered by France in execution of Art, 2, Of the said Convention, it is agreed that the said vessels and ships of war, armed and uot armed, as alib the naval artillery, the naval stores, and all the materials of construc- tion and armament, shall be di- vided between France and the country where the fort rei sea aie situated, in the proportion of two- thirds to France, and one-third to the powers to whom such fortresses shall appertain. The vessels and ships which are building, and which shall not be ready for launching in six weeks afler the present tre.ity, shall be considereil as materials, and ■• sucli divided in the proportion above assigned, after being taken to pieces. Commissaries shall be muttiatlj appointed to arrange the division. and draw up a statement Iheredf, and passports shall be given by the Allied Powers, to secure the return to France of the FrencU workmen, seamen, and agents. The I'easels and arsenals existing in the maritime fariresses which shitl have fdllen into the power of the Allies, anterior to the 23d of April, are not included in the above stipulations, nor the vessels and arsenals which belonged to Holland, and in particular tbe Texel fleet. The French Governrhent binds itself to withdraw, or cause to be BoM, all that shall belong to it by the abovti staled stipulations, witfalu the pctiod of three monthi after ■ 4\4 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. 9fter the division \kls been et- made to the French GovemmeoC lected. in die different wars which have In future, the port of Antwerp taken place ftince 1793. aha U be solely a port of commerc'e. His Most Christian Majeatj^ oq Art. XVI. The high contracting his side, renounces every daini parlies wishing to place andcause to which he might make on the Allied be placed in entire oblivion thf divi- Powers on similar grounds. In ex- fions which have agitated Europe, ecution of this article, the high declare and promise, that in the contracting Parties engage mutual- countries restored and ceded by the ly to give op all titles, bonds/ aod present treaty, no individual of documents relating to debts which whatever class or condition shall be they have reciprocally renounced, nrarented, harassed, or disturbed Art. XIX. Ihe French Govern- m his person or property, under ment engages to cause to be liqui- any pretext, or for his attachment dated and paid all sums which it either to any of the contracting shall find itself bound in duty to Earties or to Govemmeats which pay in countries beyond its territo- ave ceased to exist, or for any ries, in virtue of contracts or oCher other cause, unless for debts con- formal engagements entered into tracted to individuals, or for acts between individuals or private posterior to the present treaty. eslablishments, and the French au- Art. XVII. In all the countries thorities, both for suppliea and le- which may oV shall change masters, gal obligations. as well in virtue of the present Art. XX. The High Contract- treaty, as of arrangements to be ing Powers^ immediatelv afler the made in consequence thereof^ the exchange of theratificatiooa of the inhabitants^ both natives aod fo- present treaty, will appoint Com- feigners of whatever class or con* missaries to regulate axid efiectu- dition^ shall be allowed a space of ate the execution of the wliole of' six years, reckoning from the ex- the measures contained 10 Articles change of the ratifications, in order XVlll. aod XIX. Tb^ise.Com- to dupose, if they think proper, of missaries shall employ tbefpselves their property, whether acquired in the exanuoaiioo of tfae^claims before or during the present war, mentioned in the precedtsig Arti- and to retire to whatever country cle, of the liauidat«ui of the sums they please; claimed, and of the loode wluch Art. XVIII. The Allied Pow- the French Governmeiit aMl pro- ers, wishing to give his most Chris- pose for paying them^ Tliex shall tian Majesty a new proof of their also be charged f^ith the giving desire to cause to disappear, as up of the titles, obligations, and much as lies in their power, the dbcuments refative to th^ debts conaeq,oences of the period of ca- which the high contracting powers lamity so happily terminated by mutually renounce, in such way the present peace, renounce tn that the ntification of the result oif toto, the sums which the Govern- their labours shall complete tbdr ment had to re-demand of France, reciprocal renundatioa. bv reason of any contracts, sup- Art, XXI. The debt/i apedally plies, or advances whatsoever^ hypothecated in their origin on thie countries STATE PAPERS. Hi ronntricE which cmm la belong to France, or contracted for their in- ternal adniinistralkm, shall remain a charge on these same couniries. An account >hall in consequence be kept for theFrcncb government, commencing with the iid Decem- brr, 1813, of such of tliose debt) lis have been converted into in- scription! in the great book of the public ilebt of France. The litlei of ail such B> have noi been pre- pared for tbe intcription, nor have been yet inscribed, »hall be given up to the government! of the re- spective couittriei. Staleroents of all these debli shall be drawn up by a miiced comniissiaa. Art. XXII. ThcFrenchGoveri}- meat, on iis side, Hball remain charged with the repayment of all ttie nims pa4d by the subjects of the above-mentioned counlrie* into the French chests, whether under the head of cauttonmentn, deposits, or contignmenti. In liks maimer French subject*, lervaots of the said countries, who have paid innu under the head of cautionmcnti, deposits, or coniignmenti, into their respective ireaiunU, ^all be faithfully reHnburved. ArtSXllI-.l^eiituhn of place* subjected' to cautioDrocnts, wbo have not the handling of the mo- ney, ibal) b« repaid v'rib interest, until the full payment at Paris, by fiflhs anil annually, commenciRK from the date of ^he present treaty. - With regard to those who art accountable, tbe payment shall tnkeplace.at the latest, six Months after the prrsentation of their ac- counts, (he esse of malversation ■tone excepted. A copy of the last account shall be transn^ilted to ihc Go\-emment of their counliy to serve it for informatioo and at a starting point. Art. XXIV. The judicial dep*^ sits and coniigtiments made inta llie chest of the sinking fund inex- ecution of the law of the 18th Nivose, year 13 (18th of January, 1815), andwhich belong to tlie in- habitants ofcunntries wbichFrance cease) to possess, shall be restore within a year, dating from the ex- change of the rstificAtioM of the present treaty, into the hands at the authorities of tbeaaid countriea, with the exception of auGli do- posits and consignments a Frettch subject! are interested in ; In whidi case (hey )bell remain in the chest of the stoking fund, not to be re- stored but on proof) rtsultingfron the dccifions of the competent au- thorities. Art. XXV. The fund) depontel by the communet and pnblic estab- iishmenta in (he chest of servics and in (he chest of the tinkinc fund, or in any other govemmeiS chest, shill be repaid (o then bf fifths from year to year, reckoning from the dateofihe present treaty, vith the deduction of advance which ahall have been made t9 them, and saving the regular claims made upon these fund* bf creditors of the said communes and public estabjishmenti. Art. XXVL Dating from tbs i)t of January; 1814, the French Government ceaset to be charged with the payment of any pension, civil, milhary, or ecclesiastical, pension or retirement, or half-pay, to any individual, who is no longer a French )abjrct. Art, XXVII. The national do- mains acquired for a valuable con- (idrration by French sabjects in the ci-tievanl departmenti oif Belgium, the 416 ANNUAL llEGISTEH, l\il^. the left bank of the Rhine and of the Alps, without the ancient li- mits of France, are and remain guaranteed to the purchasers. Art. XXVIII. The abolition of the Jroits d'auhaine, detraction, and others of the same nature in the countries which reciprocally stipulated it with France, or which had been antecedently annexed to it, is expressly confinned. Art. XXIX. The French Go- vernment engages to cause to be restored the obligations and other titles which shall have been seized in the provinces occupied by the ' French armies or administrations ; and in cases where restitution can- not be made, these obligations and titles are and remain annihilated. Art. XXX. The sums which ishall be due for all works of pub- He ntility not yet terminated, or terminated posterior to the 3Tst of December, 1812, on the Rhine, and in the depiirtments detached from France by the present treaty, shall pass to the charge of future possessors of the territory, and shall be liquidated by the com- mission charged with the liquidate tlon of the debts of the districts. Art. XXXI. All archives, charts, plans, and documents whatsoever belonging to the countries ceded, and connected with their admini- stration, shall be faithftilly restored at the same time with the coun- tries I or, if that be impracticable, within a period not more than six montlis after the surrender of the said countries. This stipulation is applicable to archives, charts, and plans, which snay have been carried off in coun- tries for the moment occupied by the different armies. Art. XXXII. Within a period of two montlis, allahe Powers who have been engaged on botb sides in the present war, shall send Ple- nipotentiaries to Vienna, in order to regulate, in a General Congreti, the arrangements necessary for completing the dispositions of the present Treaty. Art. XXXIII. The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged within a fortnight, or sooner if practicable. In testimony whereof the re- spective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and affixed there- to the seal of their arms. Done at Paris, this 30th of May, in the year of our Lord 1814. (Signed) (L. S.) The Prince of Bem stent. (L. S.) The Prince of Metee- NICH. (L. S.) J. P. Count Stadiok. ADDITIONAL ARTICLE. The High Contracting Parties, wishing to efface all traces of the unfortunate events which have weighed heavily on their people, have agreed explicitly to annul the effects of the Treaties of x 805 and 1 809, in as far as they are not al- ready actually annDiltd by the present Treaty. In consequence of this declaration, bis most Chris- tian Majesty engages that the de- ''crees issued agaiost French, or re- puted French subjects, being, or having been in the service ^ his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Ma- jesty, shaU remain withoat effect, as well as the judgments which may have pas^ in ezecation of those decrees. The present additional Article shall have the same force andefiect as if it had been inserted in the patent Treaty of this date. ^ Itduril DC ratified^ and the ratificatioo shall be STATE PAPERS. 417 be exdiangpd tt the Mine time. In testimony whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed it, and affixed thereto the seal of their arms. Done at Paris this 30th May, 1814. (Signed) (L. S.) The Prince of Bbmbvbmt. (L. S.) The Prince of Mbttsr- NICH. (L S.) Count Staihon. Tlie same day, at thesnme time and place, the same treaty of defi- nitive peace was concluded be^ tween France and Russia; between France and Great Britain; between France and Prussia; and signed, viz. : — The treaty between France and Russia : For France, by M, Charles Mau- rice Talleyrand-Perigord, Prince of BencTcnc Cut sufra) ; And for Russia, by M. M- Count Rasomouflfsky, Privy Counsellor of his Majesty the Emperor of all the Husuas, Knight of the orders of St. Andrew^ St. Alex. Newsky^ Grnnd Cross of that of St. Wolo- cJimir of the ist class : and Charles Robert Count Nesselrode, Privy Counsellor of his said Majesty^ Chamberlain, Secretary of State, Knight of the Order of St. Alex. Newsky, Grand Cross of that of St. Wolodimir of the td class. Grand Cross of the Order of Leo- pold of Austria, of that of the Red Eagle of Prussia, of the Polar Star of Sweden, and of the Golden Eagle of Wurtembcrg. The treaty between France and . Great Britain. For France, by M. Charles Man^ rice Tallerjmnd-Perigord, Priobe of BeneveDt (ut supra) ; And for G«eat Britain, by the Right Hon. Robert Stewart, Vis- Vol. LVJ. count Castlereagb, Privy Counsel* :or of his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Member of his Parlia- ment, Colonel of the Regiment of Londonderry Militia, and his Prin- cipal Secretary of State for Foreign affairs, ike. ; George Gordon, Earl of Aber- deen, Viscount Formartin, Lord Haddo,Tarvis,and Kedie, &c. one of the 16 Scotch Peers, Knisht of the most ancient order of the Thistle, and his Ambassador Eb* traordinary and Plenipotentiary to his Imperial, Royal, and Apostolic Majesty. William Shaw Cathcart, Vis- count Cathoart, Baron Cathcart and Greenock^ Counsellor of his said Majesty, Knight of the Order of the Thistle, and of several Rus- sian Orders, General in bis armies, and his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to his Mi^- jesty the Emperor of Russia ; And the Hon Charles VVilliami Stewart, Knight of the most ho- nourable Order of the Bath, Mem- ber of his Parliament, Knight of the Prussian Orders of the Black and Red Eagle, and of many others, and his Envoy Eitraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiarv to his ^la- jesty the King of Prussia. The Treaty between France and Prussia :— For France, by C. M. Talley- rand*Pcrigord, Prince of Benevent, (ut supra.) And for Prussia by M. M« Charles Augustus Baron Harden- bei^, Chancellor of State to bis Majesty the King of Prussia, Knight of the Orders of the Blaak and Red Eagle, and of many other Orders, and Charles WDliam Baron Humboldt, Minister of State of bis said Majesty, and Envoy Ex- 2 E traordinary 418 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. traordinary and Minister Plenipo- tentiary to his Imperial, Royal, and Apostolic Majesty. Willi the following additional articles :- — Article AdStional to the Treaty ivith Russia, The Duchy of Warsaw having been under the administration of a provisional council established by Russia ever since that coun- try was occupied by her arms, the two high contracting parties have agreed to appoint immedi- ately a Special Commission, com- posed on both sides of an equal number of Commissaries, who shall be charged with the exami- nation and liquidation of their re- spective claims, and all the ar- rangements relative thereto. The present additional article shall have the same force and effect, as if inserted verbatim in the patent treaty of this date. It shall be ratified, and the ratifica- tions exchanged at the same time ; In testimony whereof the respec- tive Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and affixed thereto the seal of their arms. Done at Paris, this 30th of May, 1814. (Signed) (L. S.) Tlie Prince of Renevent. (L. S.) Andrew Count Rasu- MOUfFSKY. (L. S.) Charles Robert Count Nesselrode. Articles Additional to the Treatrf with Great Britain. Article I. His most Christian Majesty, participating without re- serve in all the sentiments of his Britannic Majesty relative to a species of commerce wUicli is equail/ repugnaut to fee ^uucv- pies of natural justice, anid the lights of the times in which we live, engages to unite at a future Congress, all his efiPorts to those of bis Britannic Majesty, in order to cause all the Powers of Christen- dom to proclaim the abolition of the Slave Trade, in such niaoner that the said trade may cease uni- yersally, as it shall cease defini- tively, and in all events^ on \lw. part of France, within a period of five years, and that besides, pend- ing the duration of this period, no trader in slaves shall be at liberty to import or sell them elsewhere, but in the colonies of the state to which he belongs. Art. II. The British Govern- ment and the French Government will immediately appoint Commis- saries to liquidate their respective expenses for the maintenance of prisoners of war, for the purpose of coming to an arrangement on the manner of paying ofiT the l>a- lance which shall be found in fa- vour of either of the two powers. ' Art. III. The prisoners of war res{)ective1y shall be bound to dis- charge, before their departure from the place of their detention, the private debts which they may have there contracted, or at least to give satisfactory security. Art. IV. There shall be on both sides, immediately after the rati- fication of the present Treaty, a removal of the sequestration wluch, since the year 1791, may have been placed on the funds^ revenues debts, and all other effects what- .ever of the high contracting powers, or of their subjects. The same Commissaries men- tioned in Art. II. shall employ themselves in the examination and liquidation of the claims of his ^u\as\'cv\^^i^<^V^>a.5}Qn the French STATE P A P K n S. 419 Government, for the value of pro- perty, moveable ot immoveable, unijuiy confiscated by the French auihorities, as well as for the total or patlial loss of their debts or other property, unduly detained under sequestraiion since the year '79'^- . ^. Frdnce engages to treat m this respect the suhjects of England with the same justice that ihe sub- jects of France have experienced in EnglauJ ; and ihe English go- vernment B-isLing, on its part, to concur in this new testimony that llie allied powers have given to his most Christian Majesty of iheir desire to remove entirely the con- sequences of the epoch of misfor- tune, so happily terminated by the present peace, engages^ on lis side (as soon as complete justice shall be done lo its subjects,) to re- nounce the whole amount of the excess which may be fonni! in its favour, relative to the maintenance of the prisoners of war, so ihat the ratification of the result of the latwars of the undersigned com- missioners, and the jiayment of the sums, as also tlie resiituiinnof the effects which shall be adjudg- ed to belong to the suhjecis of his Britannic Majesty, shall tender its renou elation complete. Art. V. The two high contract- ing powers, desirous lo esiabliah the most amicable relations be- tween ihcir respective suhjecis, reserve to themselves a promise to come to an understanding and ar- rangf-ment as soon as possible, on their commercial interests, with ibe intention of encouraging and augmenting the prosperity of their respective s rates. The present additional article^ shall have the same force and vali- ditj' as if they bad been inserted in those words in the treaty of this day. They shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchang- ed at the same time. In faith of which, the respective plenipoten- tiaries have signed them, and af- fixed the seal of their arms. Done at Paris, i he 30th of May, in the year of Grace, 1814. (Signed) The IMncc or Bbnzvent. (Signed Castlcbeaqh. (Signed) AfiBBSBEtf. (Signed) Chai (Signed) 5 Stewabt, Lieutenant- General. AUhough Ihe treaty of peace condiidfd at Basil, the 5th of April, 1795, that of Tilsit of the 91 h of July, 1807, the convention of Paris of the 20th of September, iRoS, as well as all the conven- tions and acts whatsoever, con- cluded sinci^ the peace of Basle be- tween Prussia and France, are already In fact annulled by the jirescnt treaty, the high contract- ing parties have Judged it never- theless proper 10 declare again ex- pressly, that ihc said treaties ccRse to be obligatory, both in the arti- cles thai are expres• initiated for life, or Tendered here- ditary, ju the King picasei. — Art. 93. Peersenteribecbaniberat the age of t wen ly- five, uid baveade- lib«rative voice at that of rhirty. By Art. 39 and 30, the ChaacelloT jireiidcs in tlie Senate, and the Princej of the Blood are alwayi Peers bj right of birth. — Art. 3a. Ali the deliberations of the Cham- ber of Pecri arc lecret. — Art. 33. The Chamber of Peers takes ci»g- nizance of the crimen of hi^h trea- son and offence* against the stale. Peer* only to be judgrd by their Ileen. Ofihe Chamber of Deputies vf DeptiTtmrnti. Art. 33. This Chamber to be coaipated of Ueputie* chosen by the Electoral Colleges, whose or- ganizaiion (ball be determined by Ijw, — An. 36 and 37. Every de- partment 10 have the sai»e number ofdepniiei asat prei>ent', tbedeim- liestobe chosen for five years, and the chamber to be renewed annu- MHy, byatiftb.— Art. 38. No de- puty can be admiiied into the chamber, unless he be forty years of age, and pay direct taxes to the amount of one thonsand francs. —By Art. 40, the eirciors of the dpputin iQuit pay direct taxei to the amoant of threehunclred francs, and be at least thirty years of age. —By Art. 41, the presidents of the Electoral Ci>lleg<-s are lo be nomi- nated by ibe King.— By Art. 43, tl^e Kii>g ap^ioiiiu the preddeut uf the chamber of deputici from « ILii of five members presented by the chamber. — Art. 44. The sit- tings of the chamber ore public t but ibe drmand of five merabert is sufficient for forming it into a secret committee. — Ait. 45. The chamber divides into bureaux to ditcusi the projett which have been presented to it on the part of tbe King. — Art. 46. No amendment can be made in a law, nnlei* pro- posed in committee by the King, and unlets transmitted to and dis- cussed in ibc bureaux. — Art. 47 and 43. The Chamber of Depuriei receives all pr^Kwitions for taici ; and oo taK can be imposed or le- vied unless a&iented to by the two - cbambers, and sanctioned by tba King,— An. 49, The land-tax i> voted only for a year ; the indirect taxes may be voted for several yrars.— Art. 50. The King every year convokes the two cbambers ; be prorogues them, and may dis. solve that of the Depuiicsi but in this case, be must convoke a new one within the spsca of tlires ntonih^. — Art, 51. No personal restraint shall be laid upon any member of the bouse during the session, or within six weeks before and after it.— Art. 51. No mem- ber of the Jiouse can, during the session, be prouicuted or arrr.sled for criminal matters, till the home has permitted his protecation.— Art. 53. All petitions to either hoase must be presented ia writ- ing. Of the Mimstert. Art. 54. The ministers may be members of the Chun^ber uf Peers or ofthstofDc|.oties. They have moreover, a right to admission in- to either house, and roust bo hwrd whenever tbey duite it.^^Ai^' SV TUb C\iaai!oet ^i^ tleyUac* Via K^ iiliJ ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. light to impeach the Ministers be- fore thu Peers, which alone are competent to try them. — Art. 56. They cannot be accused, except for high treason or peculation. Of the Judicial Order. Art. 57. Ail justice emanates from the King : it is administered in bis name by judges whom he nominates and appoints. — Art. 58. The judges nominated by the King cannot be removed. Art. 59. The ordinary courts and tribunals actu- ally existing are retained. Art. 60. The present institution of the judges of commerce is preserved. Art. 61. The office of justice of the peace is likewise retained. The justices of the peace, though noroi- oated by the King, are removable. —Art. 62. No man can be taken out of the hands of his natural judges. — Art. 63. There cannot, of course, be created any extraor- dinary commissions and tribunals. —Art. 64. The pleadings in crimi- nal matters may be published, un- less tlieir publicity be dangerous to good order and morals ; and in this case the tribunals shall declare it by a judgment— Art. 65. The institution of juries is retained — Art. 66. The penalty of the con- fiscation of property is abolished, and cannot be re-establi«ihed — Art. 67. The King has the right of pardon, and that of commuting punishments. — Art. 68. The civil code and the laws actually exisring not contrary to the present char- ter, remgin in force till they shall be legally abolished. Particular Bights guaranteed hj 'the State, Art. 69. The military in active bervice^ the officers and soldiers vfbo have reliredi Ih^ Nv\dovf«» ol« iicers, and soldiers pensioned, shall retain their ranks, iionours^ and pensions. — iVrt. 70. The public debt is guaranteed : all kinds of engagements contracted by the state, with its creditors, arc invio- lable,—Art. 71. The ancient nobi- lity resume their titles j the new retain theirs. The King creates nobles at pleasure, but he confers on them only ranks and honours, without any exemption from the chargesand duties of society. — Art. 72. The Legion of Honour is maintained : the King will ^n its interiorregulationsand decorations. —Art. 73. The colonies shall be governed by particular laws and re- gulations.— Art. 74, The King and his successors shall swear at the ceremony of their anointment to the faithful observance of the pre-* sent constitutional charter. Temporary Articles. Art. 75. The deputies of the departments of France, who sat in the Legislative Body at the time of the last adjournment, shall conti- nue to sit in the house of deputies till they are replaced. — Art. y6. The first renewal of one-fifth of the house of deputies shall take place, at the latest, in the year 1 8 16, according to the order fixed between the classes. President of the United States of America. A Proclamation. Whereas it is manifest that the blockade, which has been pro- claimed by the enemy, of the whole Atlantic coast of the UnUed States, nearly two thousand miles in extent, and abounding ioMrts, VuxViOMtSj aud navj^abli** inlets. STATE PAPERS. 4£3 cannot be carried into effect by any adequate ibrcc actually ata. tioned for the purpose -, nad it tg rendered a matter of certainty and notoriety, by the multiplied and daily arrivah and departures of the private armed vessels of the Uuitp- ed States, and of other vessels, that no such adequate force has been ^n stationed ; and whereas a blockade thus destitute of the cba^ meter of a regular and legal block- ade, as defined and recognized by I he established law of nations, whatever other purposes it may be made to answer, forms no lawful prohibition or obstacle to such neutral and friendly vessels as may choose to visit and trade with the United States ; and whereas it ac- cords with the interest and the amicable views of the United States, to favour and promote, as far as may be, the free and mutually beneficial commercial intercourse of all friendly nations disposed to engage therein, and, with that view, to afford to their vessels destined to the United States a more positive and satisfactory security against all interruptions, molestations, or vexations what- ever, from the cruizers of the United States; Now be it known, that I, James Madison, President of the United States of America, do, by this my Proclamation, strictly order and instruct all the public armed vessels of the United States, and all private armed ves- sels commissioned as privateers, or with letters of marque and repri- sals, not to interrupt, detain, or otherwise molest or vex, any ves- sels whatever, belonging to neutral powers, or the subjects or citizens thereof, which vessels shall be actually bound and proceeding to any port or place within the juris- diction of the United Sutes; but> on the contrary, to render to all such vessels all the aid and kind offices which they may need or require. Given under my band and tbe seal of the United Sates, at the city of Washington, the 29th day of June, in tlie [seal] year one thousand eigbt hundred and fourteen, and of the Independence of the United States the thirty* eighth. James Madisok. By the President, James MoMBOB» Secretary of the Navy. "^''^■^■^^^— ^■^■"— '"■^"■^"■■■^^^"^•■— ^■•-•«p*w»^^» Treaty of Peace letiveen the Kings of France oTid Spain, In the name of the most holy and undivided Trinity, hii Ma- jesty the King of Spain and the Indies, and his Allies, on the one part, and his Majesty the King of France and Navarre, on the other part, being equally animated by g desire to put an end to the long agitations of Europe, and the calar mities of nations, by a solid peace, founded on a just distribution of strength among the powers, and containing in its stipulations the guarantee of its duration \ and his Majesty the King of Spain and the Indies, and his Allies^ not wishing, BOW that France is replaced under the paternal government of her kings, and that slie thus furnkbes a pledge of security and stability^ to require oi her conditions and guarantees which they would. have ie\i regret in demanding of her under the late government ; their said Majesties hare Dominated to 424 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. discuM> tetde, and lign, a treaty icspectiog mooey mziien, st pre- 0f peace and amity, oiuneljr : aest euating, or which may here- His Majeity the King of Spain after ariie^ between Spaniards and and the Indies, Don Pedro Gomez French, whether they began be* Labndor, Knight of the Royal fore the war or originated since, Spanish Order of Charles III. his shall be adjusted l>y a miied com- Connsellor of State, &c. ; and his nussion ; and if these disputes £dl Majesty the King of France and under the 'exdusife cogiuaance of Navarre, M. Charles Maurice Tal* the courts of justice, the respect- leyrand Perigord, Prince of Bene- he tribunals shall be exhorted on .^nnt. Grand Eagle of the Legion of both sides to adminbter doc and Honour, Knight of the Golden speedy justice. Fleece, Ice; who luiTingexcbang- Art. a. A treaty of comnaerce ed their full powers, found to be in shall be concluded as soon as pos- good and due form, have agreed on sible between the two powers; the fbllowiog articles : and till this treaty can be carried Art. X. Recl^Qniug from this into effect, the commercial rela- date, there shall be perpetual peace tions between the two countries and amity between his Majesty the shall be re-established on the ibot- King of Spain and the Indies, and ing on which they were in 1792. his allies, on the one part, and his The present additional articles Majesty the King of France and shall have the same force and ef- Navarre on the other part, their feet as if they were inserted word heirs and successors, their states for word in the treaty of this day. and respective subjects. The high They shall be ratified, and tlieir contracting parties will apply all ratifications exchanged at the same their cares to maintain, not only time. In faith of which the re- between themselves, but also, as ^ctive l^enipotcntiaries havfi fo as depends on them,between all sixaed them, and affixed the seal the states of Europe, the harmony of their arms, and good understanding so neces* Done at Paris, the loth of Juiy, aary to its repose. in the Year of Grace 1814. [Here follow the articles con- (Signed) ^tatned in the Treaty concluded on D. Pedro Gombz Labbadob. the 3olh of May, between France The Prince of fixMBvEKT. and the Allied Powers.] Addxtifmcd Articles, proclamations in bbloium. Art. I. The property, of what- ever kind, which Spaniards pos- Being called to another destina- aess in France, or Frenchmen in tion, and the time fixed by the Spain^ shall be respectively restor- high allies being arri\*ed, fur giv- ed to them in the state in which it ing up the general government in* was at the period of sequestration to. the hands of his Royal High- er confiscation. The removal of ness the Sovereign Prince of the the sequestratioo shall extend to Netherlands, I csnnot ta|[e leave all property in tliis predicament, at of yonr fine provinces without first MitbBt period soever it may have expressing to you my regret aud been sequestrated. The diB^vives tiyj Vv^ta. STATE PAPERS. Though the evilt of war faarc been feic Bmong you longer than we had hoped, I im at leait con- •cioai thai 1 have aeglected no- thing tu alleTHilC the burden. Tbc peace, which bai gifcn re- pose fo Europr, is goine to coo* firm iha happineas of the peoplo of Belgium and HoUftnd: ilreadjr coruected by the natural bond* of a common descent, of commoa industry and virtuci, you will find the pledge of yunr durable prospo- r'tty in tbc itrict conlbrmily of your a d mini 1 1 ration. Belgium, under the gorcTnnient of ibe Serene House of Orange^ under a lyitem the rooit favour- able to iu commerce, and with the preietvation of its religion and ruauurra, will goon be restored to it) ancient lustre. Your fine ci- ties, GbenI, Bruges, Osiend, Ant- werp, &c. the monuments of yonr national induMry, which languish- ed in tlie late unhappy times, will a^ain rival ia induntry and prospe- tity the fir*it commercial nations. People of Belgium I the general interest of Europe deitioes you an ruviable fate ; an indihi>oluble union shall ensure induration, un- der the luost venerable guarantee that human power can give. Permit mc, after having in ihese difficult times struggled with you :(gainit advcriity, to indulge a hope lliat you will sometimes re- member me in tbc days of your prosperity. Baron de Vikcbht. Srusieli, July 31st. At the same time ibe following was published in Dutch and William, by ilic Giace o( God, Prince uf Orange Nassau, Sove- niga Prince of the United Nether- lands. To the Peopleof BdgiuiD greet- ing. Europe owes it* dclivenwce to the magnanimity of tb« allied to- rereigns; soon it will owe to their wisdom ■ polilical system, which will eiKurelo agitated nations long yean of proapeiily and repose. The oew dettinalion of your boautirul provinces is > nece^arjr part of tbi* system ; and the nego- ciaiions wbkh are going to Im opened at Vienna will have for their object to have it recogniiod, and' consolidate the exteniton of Belgium on a basis conformable 10 your interests, to that of your neighbours, and of all Europe. Called to the gorernment of your couuiry lor tbc short inter- val which still separates us from the tiiture so limg desired, I come among you with the wish of being useful to you — with all the scnii- ments of a friend, of a father. I desire to be as FredorickshalU Frederickstadt, and Aggerhnus. These great sacrifices were made to Denmark^ only because she promised that you would peace- ably« and witliouc opposition, ac- knowledge the authority of the king of Sweden $ and you will appreciate them, on reading the treaties which unltedSweden, Rus- sia, England^ Pruiisiay and Aus- tria, against the common enemy* Norwegbns f li in this age these treaties coiild be eluded by civiliz- ed nations, good faith would no longer exist upon earth. At the period when your govern- ment furnished to France some thousands of seamen to roan ships of war, Sweden perceived the in- dispensable necessity of rendering herself independent of the conti- nent ; she refused to bofV( before the idol of the day, and confident- ly relying on herself, and on her constitutional laws, the dared to invoke them in favour of her chil- dren, and rejected the demand of an equal number of seamen : she did more, she unites herself at a period the most critical recorded in our annals, with a monarch whose destruction Napoleon had sworn. She feels proud, however, in hav- ing anticipated the resolution of so many other natkxis. Norwegians! Small states are always moved by the more power- ful : you cannot form an insulated government ; and the plan of the man who misleads you is to unite one day the crown of Norway to ihut of Denmark; Jbut nature, in accord- ance with sound policy, wills that the Norwegians and the Swedes shfuld be friends and brothers. It is also as brothers that the Swedes wiih to lire with yoif, SH^xdoQ and Norway united^ and lending each other mutual support, will present on every side an impr^<- nable front. Insulated and dis- united, they will have every thing to fear both from themselves and from others. Look at England,-— that island, so famous, founded her prosperity on a similar union. That ot Norway to Sweden is guaranteed by the first powers of the world. An experience of many centu- ries proves that the divisions of the North always led to its ruin. This idea had struck the great Gustavus. After having laid the foundation of the peace of Europet and consolidated the Protestanfc faith, his plan was to cfiect your union with Sweden : death pot an end to his design. Its consequences have been pernicious to you. Norwegians ! After the memo- rable battle of Leipsic, your inte- rests roust have told you, that your union with Sweden could alone constitute your happiness and establish your security. The great powers wish this union. All of them have recognized that it was time to put an end to the dis- sensions which must result from the separation of the two nations. Will you alone oppose the general will ? Will you alone combat the Swedes and the sovereigns who have guaranteed your union with us ? Their glory, their interest!;, the fanctity of treaties, in fine, de- mand its accomplishment. I come in the midst of yon, with the hope that you will treat as brothers that brave army which I lead back from a campaign as glo* rious as astonishing. Neither this army, nor that which has been ibr a year stationed on your iraaiv»^ desire \auT^ ^VsAidk to»!ix>^ ^s^V 4S0 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. are, like you, mcinbcrs of the Scandinavian family; and battles between the two nations are equal- ly repugnant to nature, to reason, and to sound policy. Norwegians ! Suflcr not your- selves to be heated by the instiga- tions of the individoals who have only their personal interest in view. Sacrifice not the welfare of your country to the deceitful illusions which they present to you. Open your eyes to the dangers into which a criminal ambition is pre- cipitating you. Sweden will not lay down her arms until she has eftecled an union necessary to her safely and repose. You may pre- vent the calamities of a war which can only be advantageous to your seducers. Look forward to the futurity which awaits you, and to the glory »ind prosperity which must ensue from an union of the two nations. Norwegians ! Reject, then, an influence and errors, equally un- worthy of you ; let the national will speak, and fix its laws under the aegis of an enlightened and beneficent monarch ! He offers yon, with the removal of every semblance of war, independence, liberty, and the guarantee of all your privileges. Your fidelity shall be the pledge ; bis virtues shall be your securities. NORWAY. Christiana, July 26. On the 30th of June came the following envoys from the allied powers, through Sweden, to Chris- tiania, namely : General Baron de Steigentcsch, for Austria ; Major- General OrloflF, for Russia ; Au- gustus J. ForstCT, for Cu^^aiv^*, and Major Baron de Matteix^^ fot Pnlssia. Some days alveiTiw^^ they had an audience of his Mejes** ty, and on the 7th inst. presented the following: Note A. The undersigned, cbarged by their respective courts with a spe- cial mission to his Highness Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark, have the honour to address to bim the present official note. The cession of Norway, pro- duced by the treaty of Kiel, was gunranteed by the four powers, allies of Sweden. That decree of policy was irrevocably fixed. The allied sovereigns consider the union of Norway to Sweden as one of the bases of the new system of equilibrium, as a branch of indem- nities which it is impossible to re- place by any other. The events which latteriy oc- curred in Norway, the opposition which the decision of Europe found there, find the resolution which his Highness has taken to put himself at the head of that oppo- sition, determined the allies of Sweden to take the necessary steps for effecting the union of Norway. It is with this object that the un- dersigned have repaired to his Highness. They are charged to express to him the painful impression which his proceedings have produced on their sovereigns, to summon him formally to return within the line of his most sacred duties, and to declare to him, that shbold he re- fuse to yield to the general wish of Europe, which recals him to Den- mark, an unequal war will arise in the north, ana arms will iufalliblv produce what persuasion has in vain attempted. For this purpose the army of General Count Be- tv\v\^%ti« as well as a corps 'of Yrc»svajci \x«i^, >esw^ \j««s^ ^^buoed STATE PAPERS, 431 gi'neral blocknde of Norway has ml meaning of their instruciioDi; been resolvrd upon in common they have yielded to the wish to concert with Great Britain. furnish his Highness with the At the same time time the King most honourable meamof descend- uf Denmark corapromised in Ihe ing from the eminent place to eye* of the monarchs, the guaran- which circumstances have unfor- tm;s of his word, and of the treaty lunately raised him ; and tbqr of Kiel, WHS justly irritated against have with pleasure lent ihemaelvei lii? late subjects for the noii-cxe- to every arrangement which coald oilioii of his will. His Majes^ prevent the character of his High- n-solvcd, in consequence, ihrongh ness from suffering, and to stipu- the intermedium of the undersign- iale immunities forthe Norwegian cd, to transmit bis tinal orders to people. the Prince the heir nf bis crown, I'hey have thought, that in so who, in qualitj' of first subject, i> doing they in no respect departed bound to set ihe example of obe* from the liberal intentions of bis dience to his Majesty's subjects in Swedish Majesty ; but ihey could Norway, Danes by birth, who, not regard the following arrange- by refusing to return, will become ments to which they have acceded guilty of rebellion; and to the as articles stipulated and agreed Norwegians, in fine, from whom, upon, until they had received tbs as a last proof of his alfection, he assent of that monarch, should endeavour to avert the hof- His Highness Prince Christian rori of a destructive war. Frederick has positively declared. The adoption of this resolution that he could only replace in the by his Danish Majesty, and the hands of the Diet the rights which orders which tbeondcrsignrd have he had received from the nation, received from their respective The convocation of the Diet was courts, characterize tlic nature of in consequence ileemed necessary, their special mission. The under- and the lime for effecting this signed deem themselves compelled convocation and securing its deli- to declare, that they are by no berations become? the object of means mediators between Norway neuixriaiion. A truce wasproppa- and Sweden, but rather commis- ed by his Highness; the nnder- sioners (heralds at arms, if the ex- signed were anxloos to second his prcssiuii may be used), chained wishes ; but the various conditions with carrying into execution in its which they proposed wen; all loc- fiU I extent the treaty of Kiel, and cessively rejected- At lensth, thcstipulationsguaranlcedby their upon mature deliberation, thev sovereigns. have the honour to submit to hu However, tlie known character Highness the expression of inten- of his Highness, the reciitudc of lions from which they cannot de- Jiis intentions, the general e-itcein part- of Europe for the Norwegi.iii na- The bases of the amustice are ; lion, and the wish to cftcct the t. A solemn engagement from union of the two kingdoms with- his Highness to the King of Swe-- out the elTuaion of blood, have den and his august allies, to rcEign induced the undersigned to enter into Ihe hands of the CAf^iscv ^a,- into modifications which the)- ac- &embied \)j As tt^^tweti\»!twTa, <&. knowledge are not within llie lite- Iht vistas w\vvc\\ Vkc Wi 'c«.'^\7«o. 452 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Irom it, and to employ all bis in* dueoce with the people to induce them to oooient to the union. 2. Hie country between the Glommen and the Swedish fron- tier shall be evacuated by the Nor- wegian troops, as well as the isles of Walcboren, and the fortresses of Frederickstadt, with its citadel^ Frederickshall, Frederickstein^ and Konigswinger. The country shall be declared neutral, and the for- tresses shall be occupied by Swedish troops. 3. After the occupation of the fortresses tlie blockade of Norway shall be raised, in respect to the ports of Christiania, Christian- sand, and Bergen^ with the neces- sary modifications, and during the period of the truce. After giving in this ultimatum, with regard to which the under* signed demand a categorical an- swer, they also address themselves to his Highness, in order to learn his resolution in regard to the let- ter of his Danish Majesty. They have, at the same time, the honour to declare to his High- ness, that whatever may be his answer to this official Note, they will consider their negociations as terAiinated, and will demand their passports, whether for the purpose of continuing to bring about the union of the two kingdoms in a pacific manner, or to follow up an ineffectual negociation by more efficacious measures. They seize with eagerness this opportunity of presenting to his ^oyal Highness the expression of their profound respect. (Signed) Stbxgbmtesch, OrL9FP. PotSTXS. Martcks. Christmnia, Ja\y 7, 1814. To bisHigbnessPnnceCVaw ti^o Frederick of Ocnoui^tL. The Answer of his Majesty. To the note from you. Gentle- men, the envoys of the coorts al- lied to Sweden, chax^ged with a special mission to Norway^ 1 hast- en to reply conformably with my duties to the people of Norway, and to the I'egard due to the over- tures you are commissioned to make. The happiness of Norway is the sole object of my actions. The Norwegian nation, delivered from the oath of fidelity to the King of Denmark, and not acknowledging his |X)wer to cede them in full so- vereignty and property to the King of Sweden, as well as justly irri- tated by Iciirning it was a princi- pal condition that Swedish troops should take possession of fortresses never occupied by Danish troop« during the union, wished to avail themselves of those rights, which rn similar cases belong, according to public opinion, to every nation. Aware of this general sentiment, which an inveterate hatred be- tween bordering nations rendered more marked than ever, I perceiv- ed that internal disturbancea and anarchy would result from a forc- ed union : and [ put myself at the bead of die nation io order to prevent these calamities. The regard due to the aovereignty which resides in the nation itself, made me assemble a Diet, and it formed a constitution calculated to consolidate the happiness of the people. Their affection and con- fidence offered me the crown, which 1 then thought ic my duty to accept I and desirous of contri- buting to the happiness of tl\t people, I was persuaded that the independence oi Norway, under a ^w«tw««,vk\.Hi^\cU the nattotf itself STATE PAPERS. 433 Sweden guaranteed by the great powers^ which should secure the repose of the North with that of the Norwegian people^ who with only to live free among their rocks^ would be the most desirable state of things for Norway. I founded ray hopes on the application, in our favour^ of the same principles in support of which such generous efforts had been lavished'io Ger- many and in Spain. The great powers of Europe have otherwise decided; the declarations which you have made, persuade me that the safety of Norway demands that we should yield to the law of the strongest; and I perceive that these same powers, not wishing to bring the calamities of war on Norway, are desirous of attending to every thing that may secure as much as possible the happiness of Norway united to Sweden. I even see it in my power to stipu- late for the wefi^re of Norway, by the sacrifice of a situation per- sonally flattering to mti. I do not hesitate to make such sacrifice, in a manner woi^thy of a man of ho- nour, worthy of the crown which I wear, and of the people who have conferred it on me. You have recognised that it is only into the hands of the Diet that I can resign my rights ; and it is also only that assembly of the re- presentatives ef the nation which can decide, whether the nation should prefer an unequal struggle for its independence to the honour- able conditions which shall be offer- ed to Norway as a kingdom united to Sweden* I acknowfedge it to be my duty to make known to the na- tion the dangers to which it is ex- po;;ed, and to represent to it the advantages which must be secured to it on its acceding to a Constitu- tionfil union xwilh Sweden; but Vol. LVL you know me sufHciently to be convinced, that, faithful to my en- gagements, I wjil never separate my fate from it's^ in the event of a brave though useless rtsistance a* gainst the united forces of Europe, being preferred to an honourable reconciliation, for which I shall employ all my credit. It is to this effect that 1 have written the letter to the King of Sweden^ a copy of which is herewith subjoined, and by which I accede to your first ba^ sis for the truc« which you also have deemed necessary, and which I demand of the King of Sweden^ on honourable and admissible con* ditions. To the second basis of the trucej I reply, that if the point at issue be the rupture of negociationt which can alone lead to an arnica* ble union, I will . accede to the evacuation of the country, between the Glommen and the Swedish frontier, as well as of the islet of Hnaloerne, and the fortresses of Frederickstein and Frederickstadt^ by the Norwegian troops, on con- dition that the territory, as well as the fortresses, be. neutral during the armistice. Kongsvinger being on the north bank of the Glom« men, and a league on this side the neutralized ground, I think it will not be proper to insist on its eva* cuation. In regard to the occupo* tion of the fortresses by SwecHsh troops, I deem it my duty to re- present to you, that conditions which have once already animated the whole people to- the defence of the country, ought not to be re- demanded, if it is wished to soothe the public mind ; that the inevita« ble consequence of the entrance of Swedish troops would be a general rising of the people, and that, in that case, I iqnst ^«£g^ NR-aX 434 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. war which I should have occasion- ed bj outraging the constitution in the eyes of the whole nation by a criminal weakttess. If the King of Sweden wish an amicable union and not war, he will not insist on this, and will accede to the pro- posal which I have made to him of leaving the two fortresses of Frc- derickstein and Frederick stadt in the custody of the citizens of these cities. The evacuation of these two fortresses by the Norwegian troops^ which leaves them without the necessary defence* will give every military advantage to the Swedes ; and when I consider the generous sentiments which should guide his Swedish Majesty, I trust that that monarch will at the same time be satisfied to fix the neutral ground on the east bank of the Glommen to a circle of three leagues arpund these fortresses. With respect to the third basis, I must also observe to you, that the proposed raising of the block- ade of Norway, which I consider as a condition inseparable from the truce, and as an unequivocal mark of the humanity and benevolence of the allied powers towards the people of Norway, must also be extended to all points of the coast, if it is wished that it be regarded as a real benefit. Any other con- dition would give rise to embar- rassments and perpetual quarrels, m^hich might too easily lead to a rupture of the armistice, and of the negociations consequent there- on* I have also demanded this of the King of Sweden, and I hope that he will acknowledge the truth of all these observations on the subject of the raising of the block- ade, if it be wished to avoid every thing that mi^ht yet biin^ on a diaastrout war id tue NoiO^ I will famish Major-GeDcral PtfteneOy and tay aide-de-camp Captain Holsteen, with my foil powers to conclude the truce at Frederickshall, or at Swioemaiid ; and I sincerely wish that this ne* gociation may he happily termina- ted, and be only preliminary to reconciliation and amicable union. I demand the guarantee of the allied powers for the truce, and for the propositions regarding the basis of union, to which his Swed- ish Majesty shall please to accede. On the subject of the King of Denmark's letter, as to which I abstain from all reflection, I aball beg of you to take charge of my reply. It will contain in few words the declarations which my present position and my honour have re- quired my making to you, and of which you have acknowledged the weight. It will shew his Majest/ that it is impossible for me to follow his orders until the Diet or the fate of arms shall have decided the future condition of Norway 3 and for the rest I most leave it to his wisdom and his con- science whether he judge it pro- per to carry into effect his threats against me and the Danish officers, which, however, would change greatly my personal situation, aiid the line of conduct which I have resolved to pursue. Ihis note being the last wkioh I shall have to hand over to jrou. Gentlemen, envoys from the allied courts, I seize this opportimity of begging you to be persuaded of the very particular consideratioQ with which I subscribe myself. Your very affectionate^ Christian PaBDiaiCK. (Signed) Holtbv. C\xta^^Axic^>^>^'| \v 1814. STATE PAPERS. 435 LcUer to the King of Sweden. Sir and Brother, There is nothing on earth so valuable to nic as the satisfaction of a gich I defend with no other means than those afforded by my country, such considerations pre- sent a necessity against which it would be impossible to contend. That I have never been misled by personal motives, I shall evince by restoring the crown into the bands of the nation who conferred it on me. I choose rather to save Norway than to reign over her : but before I consent to separate myself from a people to whom I am at present united by the most sacred ties, I am anxious to secure their happiness by a guarantee of the constitution, and other stipu- lation^, to serve as bases to the union with Sweden. I shall as- semble the Diet, and make the conditions known to the nation. I tbali point out to them all the perils to which they will be expos- ed by a brave but fruitless perse- Teiaoce in the contest If the na* Cioo accept the ooiMfltions, I shall instantly abdjcare the throne j if they reject them, my £ite shall not be separated from theirs, fie- iore, however, I convoke the Diet, I desire that two important points may be previously arranged. First, That the bases of the union be accepted by Sweden, ufi*. der the guarantee of the four powers whose envoys are present. Secondly, That the deliberationa be free and mature, and to this end that a suspension of hostilities be agfeed on. I am sensible that the advan- tages to result from a suspension of arms demand sacrifices on my side. These sacrifices are express- ed m the/ro;W of armistice which I annex. The envoys of the allied powers have contended that tbe Swedish troops should occupy the fortresses; but I have not been able to concede this point, both because the constitution restraina me, and because I well knew from the character of my nation' that they would not suffer, without opposition, the entrance of Swed- ish troops within their frontiers. I am compelled, therefore, to pre- fer the misfortunes of a foreign to the horrors of a civil war. I confidently rely, however, on your wisdom, Sir, in assenting to the means of avoiding a war which would render the projected union inadmissible, and entail upon the Swedish nation as many calamities - as on the people whom you desire to govern, and whom you cannot conciliate so effectually as by measures of mildness, by a respect for public opinion, and a relaxa- tion of the blockade ; measures which will be considered as derived from your generosity, and your re- gard for the weifere of this people. My situation is paiofal, bat my affection for tbt Kw^ti^BvcA \ft<* ina\Dfttbei»OQie« 257. M 436 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. If you accept the terms of the artnistice, and the bases of the union, I pledgr roy word lo cm- ploy all tne influence I possess io persuading the people of Norway to submit to the union as the only means of security in their power. Honour me, Sir, with your confidence. I have deiierved it^ in cheerfully subscribing rayself^ Your Majesty's, &c. Christian Fredehick. Christiania, July 13, 1814. Note to the Envoys of the Allied Powers. Note B. Although you, Gentlemen, en- voys of the allied powers, charged with a special mission in Norway, have declared that you are not mediators between Norway and Sweden, it is doubtless insepara- ble from your character to be the guarantee^ of such stipulations as shall be agreed to between the two kingdoms. It is with this view that I invite you to give me the assurance that you will guaran- tee the bases of union which the King of Sweden may accept, as well as the armistice, in all the points that may be definitively ar- ranged for the period of its durstion. If the commissioners of the allied powers acquiesce, I am equally desirous that they should assist in - settling differences of a serious nature, which may arise daring the armistice; and I shall submit to their decision whether the pe- riod ought to be so fiir probnged as to enable the Diet t^^ close its deliberations without interruption. I require of you to guarantee, so long as the armistice shall conti- nue, the raising of the blockade by the inarit'ime forcci oi lLti%\«cvd. and Russia, in order tJaal coininct^ and free naviS'«^UoB» bo(0:i w\l>^ tc gird to importation and exporta- tion, be restored to the ports of Norway, and likewijie, that per- mission to ship grain and other provisioDh for Norway, be imme- diately given in Denmark, aixl in the pons of the Baltic,. as well as in England, Holland, and the White Sea. If the eaportation of corn from Archangel for the pro- vince of Drontheim, for Nordland and Finmark must be limited, I require 25,000 zetverts. I would again call your atten- tion to the situation of the King of Denmark, as it afifecta this country. You will admit that the King of Denmark has done the utmost in his power to carry the treaty of Kiel into effect. The evils which he assists in imposing upon his ancient subjecia, who have given to him unexampled proofs of their fidelity, exceed those limits which humanity pre- scribes to sovereigns. It is fit that he revoke these rigorooa measures. The circumstances in which I am placed direct my conduct; the King of Denmark can have no in- fluence on the fate of Norway. It is consequently cruel to make him answerable; and I invite yon to employ your good offices with your respective sovereigns to re- lieve him firom this obligation, and that his subjects, after so many sufferings, may have no more nu- merous and foreign armies to main- tain. I require your answer to this note. Gentlemen, before you quit Norway, accompanied, be assured, by the good wishes of all those who have had the opportunity of knowing you, and who have learn- ed to esteem jroa as highly as does Clel%^»t^w•L\vlaMa]Lcx. STATE PAPEES. 437 jinnver of the Eitvoys to hU High- ness Prince Christian Frederick. The undersigned have receifcd the communications which his Highness Prince Christian Frede- rick of Denmark has thought pro- per to transmit to them. Id presenting their note of the 7th ult. they had flattered them- selves that in entering into the views of his Highness for the con- vocation of the Diet, and the nego* ciatioD of an armistice^ they would probably succeed in removing every considerable difficulty^ and obtain a confidence which might admit their propositions without restriction. Not one of the three points, however, submitted by the undersigned, has been fully ac- cepted as part of the basis of an arn^istice. Each has suffered mo- difications which, if they do not annul the general effect, at least render doubtful the concurrence of his Swedish Majesty. Without edtering into any de- tails which could only give rise to fresh discussions, they feel them- selves obliged to declare, that the concessions demanded as bases of tiie union are not compensated by any advantages afforded 'by the proposed armistice. The undersigned are therefore compelled to rest their hopes of the success of their negociatioa npon the generosity of the King of Sweden j and painful as it is to see all their efforts for the accompU>>hment of a pacific union frustrated, they are still happy to submit entirely to the conscience of his Swedish Majesty the accept- ajce of his Highness*s proposi- fions, in order thereby to furnish him with an occasion of commenc* ing by a signal benefit the exercise of his inHucme over Norway. With respect to the guarantee of the bases of union, the armis- tice, and of all the points tliat shall be definitively arranged and accepted by Sweden, the under« signed are convinced, that none of the Powers of whom they are the representatives, nor even Sweden herself, will object to this act of justice. Indeed, the raising the blockade, if hb Swedish Majesty shall consent to it, necessarily in- volves the revoc£tion of all those belligerent measures which were taken against Norway. The ob- servations added by his Highness with respect to the painful situation of Denmark, induce the under* signed to remark, that the resdu* tion of the Prince to place himself at the head of an illegitimate op* position^ is the sole caose of the misfortunes of his true country, and that he might at once have spared to Denmark the suspicions of the Allied Powers, and to the undersigned the chagrin of stating thl)cra.^ la religion and STATE PAPERS. the admmittratioa oftbe otber w- cramentt, we felt it our duty the mote williagly to comply with their prayer, iDBtmucb as Ihe then reigning Emperoi Paul I. had re- commeDded the sitd priesta in his gr.icioui dispatch, dated the nth of August, 1800, in which, after setcing forth bis special regard for them, he declared to ui that it would be agreeable to him lo B«e the company of Jesus established hi his empire, under our authority ; and we, on our side, con let him know that he will thereby incur the in- dign.ition of Almighty God, and of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Given at Rome, at Sancta Mari^ Major, on Ihe i7th of August, ia the year of our Lord, 1814, au4 tbe isth of our Pontiticate. (Signed) Cardinal Psodatairb, Cardinal Bba^csi. Edict iftued hy iht Pnpe fir Ihe TK-eslallisliuient of the Monastic Among the calamities occa- sioned by the revoluiions which we have witnessed, one of tbe most severe, doubtless, is the oppression and almost total annihilation ofthose religious societies, who formed one of the firmest pillars of the chnrch, andwere a fruitful source of advan- tage to education and K'ence in Christianand civil cotnmuniiiea. No 442 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. sooaer wm the H0I7 Father tette- ed to hii See« than be peroaived the pernicious effects which had already resgUed^and mast continue to result, from that destructioii, which God, in his impenetrable designs, has peroaitted impietjto consanimaie in the capital of the Christian world, and in the Ponti* £cal States. His Holiness, pene- trated with the sentiments which, as bead of the Church, b^ must feel for all theae aacred institu- tions} guided by the particular afiecdon which be bears tbem, as a member of one of the oldest or- ders, which he has ever gloried in belonging to, deems it worthy of his paternal solicitude to devote all bis cares to their restoration from ruin. Many obstacles oppose the iKrcomplisbment of his Holitiess*s wishes ', in addition to its being far from easy to collect the religious dispersed in all quarters, their houses and convents are despoiled of every necessary for their accom- modation, and the greater part are without revenue. The Holy Father is occupied with the means of overcoming these difHculties. His views are principally directed to the great object of giving these communities a new lustre by repairing past dis- orders, and bringing them back to the observance of rules suitable to the holiness and excellence of their grofession. To attain this object, is Holiness appointed a commis- sion to investigate every thing that relates to the re-establishment of the regular orders. It has now formed and presented a plan to his Holiness, tending to procure for tbem the requisite means^ and to settle regulations which should be obseived in thos^ rcU||iQus conmaiinities. But as circom- stanoet for the momcot do not •pecmit the re-establiahmeoi of these regular soctcties in all the pontifical sutes, it has been pro- posed to make a oomnieoGeiiieot at Rome, where all the diq;>aaBble convents shall be given thcna, ia which the superiors may be lodg- ed, and the greatest possible num- ber of monks assembled. It is hoped, from the religion of the Governments, and the zeal of the Bishops of the Catholic world, that they will patronise the eataUtsh- ment of these asylums of Chris- tian piety and evangelical perfec- tion. His Holiness has approved the plan of the congregation, and has ordered its publication, that all concerned may know it, and may apply to the Secretary of the con- gregation, who will inform them of the house or convent where they are to assemble. (Signed) B. Cardinal Pacca, Pro-Secretary of State. Rome, Aug. 15, 1814. proclamation of Prince Christian to the NonvfgianSs Norwegians !— When upon the dissolution of your union with Den- mark, we took upon oursdvcs the direction of the affairs of Norway, it was to prevent your beloved country from being torn to pieces by civil war and faction. Your wishes called us to the throne of Norway. We obeyed the call.— Your confidence and your good canse demanded our participation. We resolved to make every per- sonal sacrifice in order to secure to ^QU those benefits. It STATE PAPERS. 443 It is true we were aware of (ba •langerj which threatened yom hopes and our'« in such an unequal contest, but we could not poisibly conceive thai the mosi powerful stales of Europe would combine to opposr M noble and iTUiocent people, wliiise reasonable wi-ili was liberty, and whoic only desire was indepen- dence. Meanwhile Sweden's pow- crftil allies informed us bjr their tayoyi, that the union of Norwajr with Swfden was irrevocably de- termined on. It U known to yon that we were billing to sacrifice our pers'inal happr situation, if the freat »s-dicsor Magistrates. Wc reserve to our- selves lu determine in a tnore pre- cise manner, when ihc Congress at Vienna, as well as these primary Slates General, shall be terminated, the mode nf representation, and that of the election of the Preti- dcnt, as well as of the Deputies. — for this time the Depuii^ will choose from amongst themselves, a President, a Syndic General, and a Secretary. GEORce, Prhice Regent. Carlton- House, Aug. 11, 1814. Trcatg lelvxen Denmark anrl Pnasii. In the tidtnc ot >i* tMi*. X^A 446 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. sod undivided Trinity. His Ma* jeity the Kkig of DeDroark and his Majesty the King of Prussia, equally auimated with the desire of re-establishiDg between their respective States, peace, union, and the good understanding which liave been unfortunately interrupt- ed, have for this purpose named jmd autliorised Plenipotentiaries; nanaely, his Majesty the King oi Denmark, the Sieur Christian Hen- ry Augustus Count of Hardenberg Reventlau; and his Majesty the King of Prussia, the Prince of Hardenberg; who, after having exchanged their respective full powers, have agreed upon the fol- lowing articles : — I. There shall be in future peace, friendship, and good under- a tanding between his Majesty the King of Denmark, and his Majesty the King of Prussia. The two high contracting parties shall em- ploy the utmost attention to main- tain a perfect harmony between their respective states and subjects, and shall carefully avoid every thing which may disturb the union 80 happily re-established. II. All the relations which ex- isted between Denmark and Prus- sia, and their respective subjects, shall be re-established from the day of the date of the present treaty on the same footing as before the last war. III. In order to extend the com- mercial relations between the two countries, their Majesties shall im- jnediateiy conclude a treaty of commerce, founded on bases reci- procally advantageous. IV. The h«gh contracting par- ties confirm all the articles of the provisional convention, signed at Aril on the 2d of Juue» and ^iiv« cularly those which declare^ that the claims which their respective subjects may havr, either agaiost the Danish Government, or agatntt the Prussian Government, shall be examined and settled by a mixed commission, which shall assemble for that ptirpose at Copenhagen, immediately after the ratification of the present treaty. V. His Majesty the King ofDen- mark having ceded Norway to Sweden, his Majesty the King Of Prussia shall employ conjointly with Sweden, Russia, and£ngiand, his good offices to procure to his Majesty the King of Denmark a suitable indemnity, in addition tp Pomerania, which has been ceded to him by Sweden. VI. The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications ex- changed in the space of six weeks from the day of its date, or sooner if possible. In testimony whereof, we the undersigned, in virtue of our full powers, have signed the present treaty, and have affixed ta it the seal of our arms. Done at Berlin, this x^\h of August, 1814. (Signed) Chaslxs Augustus^ Prince of Harobkbbbo. C. H. A. Count of Haadbn- B£ro-Revbntlau, Act of the Acceptation of the Treaty of Alliance, concluded bet^veen the Cantons of the Swiss Cm' federation. Whereas the Deputies of the Sovereign States of Switzerland^ invested with full and sufiicient authority to announce the will of \.Vi^\x ^Q\M&tituents on the new plan of STATE PAPERS. 447 of a Treaty of AlliaDce, dated the i6tb of August^ i8i4> as also on the convention concluded on the same day, terminated the objects of their mission, in the Silting of the 6th of September, and having endeavoured, in various private conferences, to remove the diffi- culties which stood in the way of an absolute union, have attained tliis day, the 8th of September, an object so important to the safety and the welfare of the country at large : The Diet has in coosequenoe decreed — The Treaty of Alliance between the 19 cantons of Switzerland, of which the following is the tenoar and effect, shall be signed and sealed as a true Federal Conven- tion, in the forms heretofore used for the Acts of the Diet. Federal Compact. 1. The 19 Sovereign Cantons of Switzerland, viz. Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, Uri, Schweitz, Gltri8» Unterwalden, Zug, Friborg, So- leure, Basle, Schaffhausen^ Ap- penzel, St. Gall, Orisons, Argo- ▼ia, Turgovia, Tessin, and Vaud, are united by the present treaty, for the preservation of I heir liberty and independence^ and for their common safety against any attack from foreign Powers, as well as for the maintenance of order and public tranquillity in the interior. They reciprocally guarantee their constitutions, such as they have been accepted by the Chief Autho- rities of each canton, in confor- foity to the principles of the Treaty of Alliance. They reci- procally guarantee their territory. 2. For the maintenance of this guaranty, and the neutrality of Switzerland, there shall be niaed among the men of each canton, fit to bear arms, a contingent upon the calculation of two in each hundred. The troops shall be furnished by the cantons as fol- lows : — Berne, 4,184, Zurich 3>858, Vaud 2,964, St. G«ll 2^630, Argovia 2,416, Orisons 2>ooo, Tessin i>o84. Lucerne^ 1,784, Turgov,ia 1,670, Friburg 1,240, Appea zel 972, Soleure 904, Basle 816, Schweitz 602, Claris 482, Schaffhausen 466, Unterwaldeo 282, Zug 250, Uri, 236, making a total of 30,006 men. This proportion is fixed for one year, and shall be revised by the Diet in 181 5, in order to its being corrected. 3. The cantons, in order to furw nish the means for defraying the expenses of war and of the Con- federation, shall contribute in the following proportions : — Bern 91,695 francs, Zurich, 77,153, Vaud 59,273, St Gall 39,481, Ar- govia 52,212, Orisons 12,000, Tessin 18,039, Lucerne 26,016, Turgovia 25,052, Friburg 13,591, Appenzel 9,728, Soleure 13,097, Basle 20,450, Schweitz 3,012, Glaris 4,823, Scha£rhauaen 9*3 2 7« Unterwalden 1,907, 2^ i*497* Uri 1,184, — making a total of 490,507 francs. These contributions are in like manner to continue in force fin* one year, and the Diet shall de- cide anew, in 1 815, on thb sub- ject, and on the appeals which each canton may find it expedient to make on the subject. A similar revision shall take place ever)' 20 years, as well for the adjustment of the contributions as for the contingents of men. 448 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. In order tcr meet the expended 7. Tbe Confederation doa h Whereas STATE PAPEHS. Wtiereaa the enemy by a suddco incursion bavf. succeeded in in- Tading th>* capital of ihe nation, defended ai tlie momeni hy tioopi less numerous than ibeir own, and almost entirel>- of the militia; during their poisrssion of which, though for a single day only, they uantonly d«troycd ilie public edifices, hiving no relation Id their structure to operations of war, nor uieil at the lime for military an- noyance i somi! of thr»e edifices being also costly monumeni.s of taste and of ihn arts, and others repositories of the public archives, not only precious to thfi nation, aa the memorials of iti origin and its early transact ions, but inlcresling to all nations, as contributions lo the general stock of historical in- MnictloD and political science. And whereas advantage has be>>n iskcD of the loss of a fort, tnore imme'llately guarding the nrighixiuring town of Alexandria, to place the town within the range «f a naval force, too long and too much in the Iiabit of abusing its superiority wherever it can be ap- plied, to require, as the alteroative of a general conflagration, an un- ditlurbcd plauder ot private pro- perly, which has been executed in a manner peculiarly distreising ID ifie inbahiianta, who had in- conuderately caat tbcmielves u]inn the justice and generosity of the And whereas, it now appears, by a direct communication from the British Commander on the Ame- rican station, to be liii avowed purpose to employ the force under bii direction, " iu destroying and laying waste such towns and dis- iricta upon tbe cuait « may be found atsailabic;" addinc lo tbis Vol. ■ LVI. 449 declaration the inmlting pretest thai ii is in retaliation lor a wanton drstructioo commiiied by the Himy of tbe Ualted States in Upper Canada, uhen it 14 notorious, that no destruction has been committed, which, notwithstanding tbe mul- tiplied outrages previunsly com- mitted by tbe enemy, was not un-' authorised and promptly shown to be GO i and thai tbe United Slatet have been as constant ia their en- deavours to reclaim tbe enemy from such outrages, by the con- trast of iheir own example, n they have been ready to terminate, un reasonable conditioiu, the war ii,elf. And whereas, these proceedings and declared purposes, which ex- hibit a deliberate disregard of the principles of humanity, and ibe rofea of civilized warfare, and which must give to the existing war a character of extended devat- and barbarism, at the ver^ nt of negociation for peace, invited by the enemy himself, leave no prospect of safely to any thing within the reach of his pre- datory and incendiary opcraiiuni. but in manful and universal de« trrniination to chastise and expel the invader. Now, therefore, I, James Ma* dison. President of the United Slates, do issue this my prcchma- lion, exhorting all the good people thrreof, to unite their hearts and hands in giving ctfcct to the ample means po^sesicd for ibat p-irpose. I enjoin it un all officers, civij acid military, lo exert lhennelvcs in executing the duties with which they arc re*pccUvclychargnl. And more especially, I require the offi- cers commanding the respective military distticts, to be vln^iluA. iCi ISA. 450 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. and alcrl in providing for tbe de- and towns of my kingdomi, know fence thereof I for the oioie ef- ye ; That b^ a Decree of the Ge<- fectoal accocDpltabment of which, nend Extraordinary Corte^ of the, they are anthoriied to call to the 6th Aneust, iSii, all jiisiadic« defence of exposed and threatened tional seignories of whatever dasa places portions Of the militia most or condition were incorporated convenient thereto, whether they with the nation $ that aU pay- be or be not parts of the quotas ments both real and penonal* detached for the service of the which owed their origin to a joris- United States nnder requisitions of dictional title, were abolished, the general government. with the exception of soch as pro- On an occasion which appeals ceeded from free contract in the so forcibly tO' the proud feelings exercise of the right of pn^erty, and patriotic devo^n of the Ame- the territorial and manorial aeigai- rican people, none will forget what ories remaining in the dasa of they owe to themselves^ what thev other rights of property ; abolish- owe to their country and the high ing also the privileges called ex- destinies which await it ; what to elusive, privative, or prohibitive, the glory acquired by their fathers, such as those of the chase, fishings in establishing the independence ovens, and mills. In this state of which is now to be maintained by things representations have beea their sons, with the augmented made to me by various grandees strength snd resources with which of Spain, and titulata of Castile, time and Heaven had blessed jurisdictional lords of townships la them. Arragon, Valencia, and other pro- In testimony whereof I have vinces, complaining of the rob- hereunto set my hand, and caused btnes which they have suffered and the seal of the United States to be do suffer, under pretence of tlie fixed to these presents. said decree, in the enjoymerit of Done at the city, of Washing- the rights and payments which it ton, the first day of September, in reserved to them, denianding rrs- the year of our Lord 1814, and of titutton, and some of them pray- the Independence of the United iug a declaration of the nullity of States the 39th. the decree. Tlie said memorials Jas. Madison. have been referred to my Council By the President, of State, and to the law officers of. Jas. Monroe, Sec. of State, the Crown 1 and observing the de- licacy and circumspection with """■^ ~~ which the latter have abstained SpamsA Roycd Ordinance from pronouncing as to the nullity of the decree, until* they bad col« Don Ferdinand VIl. by the lected all the materials for forming Giace of God, King of Castile, a judgment on that interesting^poant. Leon, Arragon, &c. to those of my Council has also' alistaiQ^. my Council, to the Presidents and from entering into ati examiniiiioi^i Regents of my Audiences, the of it until tl^ said law offiper^de- Corrcgidors, Intendants, Govern- liver their opinion. Witt Tegar4 ors and Mayors, of all the cities to tbe daiin made by the aaid ju* riadictional STATE PAPERS. 451 rtsdlctional Lordf of rettoration to the rights of which they have been arbitrarily deipoiled by the towns in their respective seigoo- rieSf though preserved to them by the decree of the Cortes, my Coun- cil accedf^ji to the recommendation of my law officers, that the jus- tice of the said claims be admitted, and the proper remedies to prevent such abuses be provided without delay : therefore it is my royal re- solution, in conformity with the advice of my Council, to order, that the said jurisdictional Lords be imroecliately replaced in the en* joyment of all the rents, emolu- ments, payments, and rights be- longing to their territorial and ma- norial seigniory, and in that of all the other rights which they en- joyed prior to the 6th of August, i8ii,and which they do not de* rive their origin from jurisdiction and exclusive privileges; without prejudice to what I may hereafter resolve, with the advice of my Council, as to the nullity, con- tinuance, or revocation of the said decree of the Cortes, abolishing sdgniories I The King. Given at the Fahce, Sept. 15, 1814. Message of the President of the United States of America, WasMngton, Sept. 20. Fellow Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives— Notwithstanding the early day which had been fixed for your session of the present year, I was induced to call you together still sooner, as well that any inade- quacy in the existing provisions fox the wants of the treasury might be fuppliad, at tiiat no delay might happen in providing for Ae result of the ne^)ciatioo oo foot with Great Britain, whether it should require arrangements adapted to a return of peace, or. farther and IDore effective provinona for pro* secuting the war. The result is not yet known : if on one hand the repeal of the Orders in Council, and the general pacification of Earope, which withdrew the occasion on which impresstnents from American ves- sels were practised^ suggest expec* tations that peace and amity may be established, we are compelled on the other hand, by the refusal of the British Government to ac. cept the offered mediation of the EiTiperor of Russia, by the delays in giving effect to its own ^ro» posals of a direct negociation, and, above all, by the princi|^s and manner in wbich the war is now avowediy carried on, to infer that a strict hostility is indulged more violent than ever against the rights and prosperity of this country. This increased violence is best ex« plained by two important circum* stances, that the great contest in Europe for an equilibrium gua- ranteeing all its States against the ambition of any has been closed without any check on the over- bearing power of Great Britain on the ocean, and that it has left in her hands disposable armoury, with which, forgetting the difh- culties of a remote war against a free people, and yielding to the intoxication of success with the example of a great victim to it before her eyes, the cherishes hopes of still farther aggrandizing a power already formidable in its 'abuses to the tianquilllt^ of vVis^ a G 2 ccs'XMi^ 452 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. chWitod and' commercial w(H'Id. rican arms. Besides the brilliant But '^irhatever may have inspired incidents in the minor opentions the eoctny with thexe more violrnt of the campaign, the splendid vic- purposes, the 'public councils of a tories gained on the Canadian nde nation, more atile to maintain than of the Niagara by the American it was to acquire its independc nee, fon^cs under Major-Gentrral Brown, and wiih a devotion to it rendered and Brigadiers Scott and Gsunes. more ardent by the experience of have gained for ihesc heroes and lis blessings, carl never deliberate their emulated companions the but on the mcans^ roost ettectual * most unfading laurels, and having for defeating the extravagant mea- triumphantly proved the progres- surea of unwarrantable passion, si ve discipline of the American soi- with which alone the war can now diery, have taught thexnemy that t>e pursued against us. In the the longer be protracts his hostile events of the present campaign, efforts, the more certain and de- with all its augmented means and cisive will be his final d^Kxnnti- wanton uie of them, he has little tnre. On the Southern bonier ground for exultation, unless he victory has continued also to foU cnn feel it in the success of his low the American standard. The recent enterprise against this me- bold and skilful operations of tropolis and the neighbouring town Major -General JacSson, condnct- of Alexandria, trom both of ing troops drawn from the Militia which his retreats were as preci- of the States least distant^ parti* pitate as his attempts were bold cularly of Tenessee, having si2b- and fortunate, in his other in- dued the principal tribes of hostile cursions on our Atlantic frontier, savages, and by establishing a peace his progress, often checked and with them, preceded by recent and chastised by the martial spirit of and exemplary chastisenent, we the neighbouring citizens, has had have guarded against the miachief more effect in distressing indivi- of their co-operations with tbr duals and in dishonouring bis arms, British enterprises which may be than in promoting any object of planned against this quarter •f^our legitimate warfare. And in the country. Importaiit tribea of In- two instances mentioned, however dians on our North Western Frou- dceply to be regretted on our part, tier have also acceded to atipuld- in his transient success which in- tions which bind them to the ia- terrupted for a moment only the terest of our United States, and to ordinary public business at the consider our enemy as thetr*s also, seat of government, no compense- In the recent attempts of the tion can accrue for the loss of enemy on Baltimore, defended hy eharacter with the world, by his militia and voiunteerg, aided by a ▼ioktion of private property, and small body of regulars aod sea- his destruction of public edifices^ men, he was received with a spirit pFotected as monuments of the which produced a rapid retreat to arts by the laws of civilised war- the shipt^ whilst a coocorrent fare. On our side we can appeal attack by a large fleet was suc- to a series of achievements which cessfully resistol by the steadf have given new \u&\xq to the Ame* and well directed fire of tbt^ for: aad STATE PAPERS. 4.13 nd batteriei oppoaed to it. In ■ nother receol attack by a power- I'al force on our troops at Plalti- biirg, of which regulars mnde a pan only, the enemy, after a per- severance for many hours, waa anally compelleil to I'ek iireCy in 4 haaiy retreat, our gallant bands preuing upon hint. Un the lakes, so much contcited throughout the war, [he grtai eneriioiig for the command made on our part have been well repaid on Lake Ontario. OurM^iiadTOD ii now and has bwn for fome time in a condition to confine that of the enemy lo bU own port, an4 to favour the opera- (ioos of our land forces on that frontier. On Lake Champlain, \«hereour luperiority bad for some time been undisputed, the Britiih •quadron lately came into aClion with the American, commanded by Captain M'Donnough ; it jj- atied in the capture of the whole of the enemy's ships. The best prabe of this officer and hia in- trepid comrades is in tbe likeoesit of hit triumph to tbe illnstriout victory which immonalizFd ano- .ther officer, and established at a critical moment our command of another lake. On the ocean, the pride of our naval arms has been amply supported : a second frigate has iadecd fallen into the hands of she was defended. Capt. Porter, who commanded her, and whose previous career had been distin- guished by daring enterprise and by feniliiy of genius, maintained a sanguinary cunleat against too lihips, one of them superior to his :«wn, and other severe disadvan- lagea, till bumanity lore down tbe coloura which valour bad luUM to the mast. This officer and bh comradi^ have added much to ihe glory of ihe Ameilcan Hag, and h.ive merited all Ihe c (Fusions of gratitude wh!i;h their country H ever ready to bestow on the cham- pions of its rights and of iU safety. Two smaller TesseU of war bare also become prizes to the enemy, but by superiority of force, nbidi lufficienily vindicates tbe reputa- tion of ibeir Commanders j wbilit two others, one commanded b^ Capt. Wiirrington, the other by Capt, Blakety, have captured Bri- tish ships of the same class with a gallantry and good conduct, which entitled ibcm and their Com- manders to a just share b the praise of their country. In spile of the naval forces of the enemy accumulated on oar coasts, our private cruisers also have not ceased to annoy his com- merce, and lo bring their rich prizes into our ports : contributing thus, with other proofs, to de- monstrate the incompetency and the illegality of a blockade, lbs proclamation of which has been made the preitxt for vexing and discouraging the commerce o£ neutral powers with tbe United States. To meet the emended and di- versified warfare adopted by the enemy, great bodies of militia ban been taken into the service of the public defence, and great eipensei incurred. That the defence every where may be both more codv^ nirnl and more economical, Coa- gress will see the necessity of im- mediate measures of hlling tbe ranks of the regular army, and en- larging tbe provisiotis for special cwps, I 444 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. to beeilgaged for a longer period ttippliefj as that of uuUtarjr force » of tenrioe Uian are dae from the aiid on a scale comiiien«iiile with militia. I earnestly renew at the the extent and character which same time a recommendadoo of the war has auiumcd. inch changes in the system of the militia, as by classing and disci- plining on the most prompt and active service the portion most ca- {Mible of it» will give to that re- source for the public safety all the requisite energy and efficiency. A part of the squadron on Lake It is not to be disguised that the situation of our country calli Ibr its greatest efforts : our enemy is powerful in men and money, on the land and on the water ; avail- ing himnelf of fortunate circom- stances, he is aiming, with an an- divided force, a deadly blo^i^ atoor Erie has been extended to Lake growing prosperity, perhaps at omr Huron, and has produced the ad- vantage of displaying our com- mand of that Lake also. One ob- ject of the expedition was the re- duetion of Mackinau, which failed, with the loss of a few brave men, among whom was an officer dis- tinguished for his gallant exploits ; and the expedition, ably conducted by both land and naval com- manders, was otherwise valuable in its effects. The monies received into the Treasury, during the nine months ending the 13 th of June last, amounted to 3 a millions, of dol- lars, of which II millions were the proceeds of the public reve- nue, and the remainder derived from loans. The disbursements for Public Expenditures during the same period exceed 34 millions of defeated his unrighteook prageGlt : dollars, and left in the Treasury on his threats and his barbarities, in- the I St of July near five millions of dollars. The demands during the re- mainder of the present year al- ready authorised by Congress, and the expenses incident to an ex- tensioQ of the operations of the war, will render it necessary that large sums should be provided to meet them. From this view of the national affairs, Ck>ngress will be oiged to take up without delay, B3 wdl the subject o{ ^c\]iuat) national existence. He haa avowed his purpose of trampling oa the usages of civilised warnire, and given earnest of it in the plmider and wanton destruction of private property. In the pride of maritioie domi- nion, and in his thirst of commer- cial monopoly, he strikes with pe» culiar animosity at the progrcsa of our navigation and manutactorea : his barbarous policy has not even spared those monuments of taste with which our country had en- riched and embellished oar infimt metropolis. From such an adver- sary, hostility in its greatest force and worst forms may be looked for. The American people wiU face it with the undaunted >^rit which, in their revolotk>nary stead of dismay, will kimUe in every bosom an in<£gnatioii not to be extinguished, but in the dis- aster and expulsion of such cmel invaders. In providing the mettis necessary, the nationd legislalor will not distrust the enl'^htened patrioiism of his conftitnaots. They will cheerfully and prwidly bear every burthen of every kiad which the safety and iMUOor of tfte natioo demands. N^^\ALS^«t»CL\hmae:verr where STATE PAPERS. 455 give iheir Use*, direct lod indi* the Aiutriu Minliter and to ths ■eel, with the greateit promptneM Minittm of other Powen asKai- ■od alscritjr • we have teen them bled at Vienna :— rushing with en(hiuia«m to scenei "The undenignod State and Ca- where danger and duty call ; and bind Mi DbterofHaRover is charged olTenDg their blood they give their by hii aaguit Matter to acquaint snrett pledge that no other tribute the Imperial Austrian Court with wit) be withheld. the following declaration concern- Having forborne to declare wir, ing the tide which hit Royal High- tintil to other aggresBioni htd been ikm the Prince Regent of Great added the capture of nearly looo Britain and Hanover thiolu it ae- Amcrican Tenelt, and the im- cetMry to inbitituie for that of {iressraent of tboniandt of tea&r- Elector of tbe Holy Roman Em- ng citizcnt, and oniil a final de- pire. claration had been madi; by the " The Powen who concnired Government of Great Britain, that in the Peace of Paiii baring agreed ber bottile orderi againtt our com- by the 6th Art. of the said trea^ merce would not be revoked, but of Peace, " that the Statet just, whilst it wat known that pendent, and joined in a federal these orders would not otherwise union," the liile of Electoral cease but with 3 war, which had Princeof the Holy Roman Em|nr« lasted nearly 30 years, !>nd which, has ceased ro be tuitabte to picsant according to appearance at that drcnm^tancea. lime, might last at many more— " Several of these principal having manifested on every occa- Powers have, in thit poiat of view, sion and in every proper mode, a invited his Royal Highueu (be lincere desiie to meet the enemy Prince Regent 10 renounce that 00 the gronnd of justice, onr re- title, and have given him to an> tolotioo to defend our beloved derstand, that by taking, instead country, and to oppose to the of it, the title of Kii^, he would enemy's pencvering hostility all lw:Uitale many of the errange- our ener^gy with an midiminished menti which the fatare welfare of disposition tovardt peace and Germany teemed to require. Tbeae friendibip on honoonble tenni, considerations alone have induced mast cany with it the good wltbes his Royal Highness to consent, of the Impartial world, and the " Ibe House of Brunswick bett hope* of mpport from an om- Luoeburg being one of the most nipotent and kind Providence. illnttrious and noostandent in Janbi Maddibon. Europe, the Hanoverian branch ' having filled for more than a cen- JV/«-«/w« railing ilu Royal j;jT""'e'^t»« most distinguished ' among the moat coiuiderable in Haiumer, Oct. 14. Germany ; all the ancient Elec- Connt MflmtET, the Hanoverian ton of Germany and the house of Minister tit State, delivered, on the Wnrtembeig having erected iheir i^ih instant, the fdiowing note to States into Kin^omit aadtWl^. 456 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. as the Prince Begent tannot dero- gate from the rank which Hanover held b-fore the subversion of the German Empire, hU Royal High- ness lias resolved, laying aside in the name of his House the Elec- toral title, to declare by the pre- sent note, which the undersigned has orders to deliver to his High- ness Prince Mttiernich, that he erects his provinces* forniing the country of Hanover into a King- dom; and that he shall hence- forward assume, for his Sovereign^ the title of King of Hanover. *• The intimate friendship which subsists between his Royal High- ness and the Imperial Court of Austria does not leave in his mind any doUbt but that it will receive this declaration with sentiments analogous to this friend&hip, and will recognise the new title which circumstances have induced his JRoyal Highness to adopt for his house in Germany. *' The undersigned is happy to seize this opportunity to repeat to his Highness Prince Mctternich, the assurances of his distinguished consideration. " Vienna, Oct. 12,1814. (Signed) " Count Munstbr.'* Proclamation. Htznover, Oct, 26. We, George Prince Regent, in the name and on the behalf of our Father, his Majesty George the Third, by the grace of God King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and jLuucburg, &c. To all oar Subjects, FreiJte$# Knighu, Gentry, &c. greetiag, — Wheieas, it was decided in the Treaty of Paris, by the chief Powers of Europe, and with oar assent, not to restore the form of the ancient constitution of thCtober, 1814, in the 55tb year of ihe reign of his Ma- jcity, our Father. ^ote iif Ms Excellency Prince Hefntn to Ike Saxwt Attlhori- ties. An official letter of ihc Mini- ster of Slab- B^ron de Stein, dated October 21, inf.Tins rac of a Con- vention cuncliiiied on ihe iSib of Seplrnib.4, ai Vienna, in virtue of which bia M:ijesiy ibe Eoipcrorof KuMia, in concert with Austria and England, shall put into the hands of his Majesty the King of Prutiia the aii ministration of the kingdom of ^atony. I have re- ceived orders to consign the go- vernment of Ibis countty to per- toni provided with proper powera hj his Mqesiy tbe King of Prus- sia! who shall present themaelves ; aai to relieve the Russian Icq- petial troops by tbe Pniisian troops, ID order thus to operate the union of. Saxony with Prussia, which will toon Ia)te place in a manner more formal and solemn, in order to eitatiisfa fraternity between the two kingdoms. This UDton is already of itself the guarantee oi gnat and tncon- leslablc advantages for tbe tva kingdoms 3D(1 for all Gcnnanyt but Ihe benevolence and care <£ bis Majesty the Emperor of Bm. sia, and the well Jinown humanitf and goodness of his Majesty the King of Pruuia, will yet rooro increase ihose happy rcsulii. After certain preliminary ddi- berations, the object of which is tbe well-being of the whole and of the pans which compose the union, their Majesties have, to wit. King Predenck William, in qualiiy of future Sovereign oftba couniry, declared, that he has not the intention of incurporatiog Saxony 10 his csiatM as a pro- vince, but lo unite ii to Prussia under the title of the Kingdom of Saxony, to preserve It for ever in its integrity, to leave it in the en- joyment of ihose rights, privi- leges, and advantages, whica tbe constitution of Germany shall se- cure lo those of the kingdomiof Germany which make a part of tbe Prussian monarcliy, and to change nothing in il« present con- stituiion; and bis Majesty tbe Emperor Alexander has testified the private satisfaction which that declaration bas caused him. SsXOM DSCLAKATIOM. Frtdtrick Augushu, by tbe 1 v/God Kh,g ' " of Ifarsaw, i 0/ God Kmg of SaJMny, We have just learned with lively fittings of grief that our kingdom of Sautny bas bwn provisionally occupied by tbe troops of bis Frusr siaa Hajetiy. Firoaly resdved nerer to aepa- rafe oiir faxt from that of oui 458 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. people I filled with confidence in the jostice and magnanimity of the Allied Sorereigns^ and intending to ioin their alliance as soon as we hacl the means of doing so^ we de- termined, after the battle of Leip- tic, there to await the conquerors. But the Sovereigns refused to bear us. We were compelled to de- part fi'om our States^ and pro- ceed to Berlin. His Majesty tbe Emperor of Russia nevertbeless lHade known to us, that our re- moval from Saiony was dictated bbly by military interests, and bis Majesty at the same time invited us to repose in him entire con- fidence. We also received from their Majesties the 'Emperor of Austria, and the King of Prussia, affecting proofs of interest and sensibility. We were in conse- quence enabled to cherish the hope, that as soon as these mili- tary considerations ceased to ope- rate, we should be reinstated in onr rights and restored to our dear iobjects. We were the more en- titled to expect a speedy and happy change in our situation, inasmucn as we had made known to the coalesced sovereigns our sincere desire to co-operate in the re-esta- hlishment of repose and liberty, and bad manifested in every way which the power was left us of doing, our real devotedness to ihtir persons, and to the cause #hich was the object of their 6uorts. On the conclusion of peace with l^rance, it was infinitely painful lo ut to leam> that our reiterated in- atances for our speedy reinstate- nHftnthad not been attended to; that our just hopes were still de- cdred; and that the decision of onr dearest btectati, and \hb% oC onr people, bad been adjoorned to the Congreas of Vieona. Faf^ however, from crediting the reporu circulated with regard to the fate of our States since thb epoch of the peace of Paris, we place en- tire confidence in the justice of the allied Monarchs, though it be impossible to pened:ate the motives of the proceedings which they have pursued towards us. The conservation and consoli- dation of legitimate dynasties was the grand object of the war which has been]so happily terminated : the coalesced powers accordingly re- peatedly, proclaimed, in the most solemn manner, that» fsr removed from eveiy plan of conquest and aggrandisement, they had only in view the restoration of the rights and liberties of Europe. Saxony, in particular, received tbe noost positive assurances, that iier in- tegrity would be maintained. That integrity essentially includes the conservation of the dynasty for which the nation has publicly ma- nifested its constant attachment, and the unanimous wish to be re-united to its Sovereign. We have communicated to the principal powers of Europe a frank and full exposition of the motives which guided our political con- duct during these latter times; and from the unshaken confidence which we place in their intelli- gence and justice^ we feel per- suaded that they have recoenssed not only the purity of our inten- tions, but also the absolute neces- sity, resulting fi^om the particolar position of our States^ and the empire of circomstances, which prevented us firom taking part in the struggle for Germany. The inviolability of onr rights, and STAT£ 1»APERS. 4S^ and of thoM of oof haoie, to tbs In the nadie of the AHj Tfi- well and justly acquired inhnrl- tAtf, hii Majeity tte King bf innce of our ancMtori, U acfcnow. DeUmark, and bii Majaty tbe ledgod. Our apM^y reinttate- £faperor of Roiua, cqiikDy ohi- tneiit ought to bs the colueqaetice tnated b; a with to terminate tbe (brreof. tllfierencei whicll for a ihort tii^ We ihooM be wantibg to the have nibsisted between them, and m>i shipping of both nations in the or earlier, if possible. . various ports of Russia and Den- In confirmation whereof, we, mark at the time when war was the Plenipotentiaries thereto au- declared, shall be removed* as soon thohsed with full powers, have as the present treaty is ratified. signed this present treaty, at. V. The two high contracdng Hanover, this 8th Feb. 1814. parties formally bind themselves to (Signed) conclude no separate peace with £. Bovbke. the common enemy. P. Von StJCK-^cLEx, ^>\KSJSK?C"Qiak [•461 ] CHARACTERS. AJIECDOTKS or DR. TOUNO. From ihe Lfltert of Mil. Elhaleth Tuubridgc-Wells, 1745, To THE DucHEis or Pobtland. I HAVE great joy in Dr. Young, wham I disturbed in a reverie ; ai first he srarted, ihen bowed, then fell back inLo a surprize, then be- gan a speech, reliipsed into hit astonishment two or three times, forgot what be had been saying, began a new subject, and so went on. I told him your Grace de- iired he would write longer letlets ; to which lie cried Ha I most em- phatically, and I . leave you to in- tcfpret what it meant. He has made a friendship with one person iiere, whom, I believe, you wonld not imagine to have been made for his bosotn friend. You would, perhaps suppose it was a bishop, a dean, a prebend, a pious preacher, a clergyman of exemplary life ; or if ■ layman, of most virtuous eon- versaiion, one that had paraphrased St. Matthew, or wrote cofliments m\ Saint Paul -, one blind with ■tud}>ing the Hebrew text, mA more versed in the Jewish Chroni- cle than the English history ; a man that knew more of the Le- viiieal law, than of the civil, or common law of England. You would not guots that this associate of the Doctor's was — old CHibert Certainly in their religions, moral, . , and civil characiar, there is no rc- laiion, but in their dramatic capa- city there is some. But why the reverend divine, and serious author of the melancholy Nigh tThougfati, :>houtd desire to appear as a per- sona dramatis here i cannot ima- gine. The waten have raised bia ' spirits lo a fine pitch, at your Rrace will imagine wnen I tell yon how sublime an answer he made to a very vulgar question; I asked him how long he staid at ttic Wells? he said, as long as my rival staid. I was astonislied how one whs made no pretensions to any thing could have a rival, to I asked hitn for an explanation; he said he -would stay as long as the tun did. He did an admirable thing to Lady Sunderland ; on her nientioninf Sir Robert Sutton, be asked hor where Sir Robert's I^ady was > «b wiiicli We all laughed very heanUf. 462 ANNUAL RE;GISTER, 1814- andlfafooght him off» half tihamed, thouand had qualitiea, b)r '^ th* to wof lodgings ; where> during eternal art eduetog good from, it! ;** breakfatt^ he assured me be asked grows to be a iociai cmtore. Id- after Lady Sunderland, because be krable to live with, had a great honour for her ; and that having a respect for b^r ^ister^ , be designed to have enquired after her, if we had not put it out of his to the same. hfad by laughing at him. You must know^ Mrs. Tlchborne sat Tunbruige, 2745. next to Lady Sunderland ; it would have been admirable to have had Dsar Madam, him finish his compliment in that I have been in the vapours these manner. two days, on account of -Dr. Young's leaving us 5 he was ao ■ good as to let me have his companj verr often, and we ufted to ride, TO THK SAME. Walk, and take sweet eonnsel to- gether. A few days before he went TufAri^e-Weiht Sept. away he carried Mrs. Rolt (of ike'^4» 1745- Hertfordshire) and myself, to Tun- bridge, five miles from hence. My dear Ladt Duchess, where we were to see some fine I am extremely happy in Dr. old ruins ; but the manner of the Young*8 company ; he has dined journey was admirable, nor did I with me sometimes, and the other at the end of it, admire the object d|^ rode oqt with me ; he carried we went to observe more than tbe mip into places suited to the genius means by which we saw it ; and to of his muse, sublime, grand, and give your Grace a description of with a pleasing gloom difiused over the place, without an account of them ', there f tasted the pleasure our journey to it, would be coo* of his conversation in its full force : tradicting all form and order, aii4 bis expressions ^11 bear the stamp setting myself up as a critic upoQ of novelty, and hi^ thoughts of ster- all writers, of travda. Much liM sense, I think he is in per- *^ ,^ .^ .^ , feet good health; he practises a ^^2^„!l!w°'*' ^^^^fef 2^ i_. ]°r in u> I I. ^* AxMl maimer bow we fattied fatk ^ kind of philosophical abstmence, ' but seems not obliged to any rules biit I shall, as brieflj as poanfale^ <^ physic. All the ladies court describe our progress. bim i more because they hear he is dwelling on particular circomatao- a genius, than that they know him ces ; and shall divest myself of til to be suph. I tell him J am jealous pomp of language, apd proooed 10 of some ladief that follow him ; as humble a style as my greal aoL- kc i^ys, he trusts my pride will ject will admit.— First rode tte mserve mp from jealousy. Tbe Doctor on a uU steed, decently l^xrtor is a true philosopher, and caparisoned in dark grey ; oexi; a^s how one vice corrects another apable4»MrB. Bolt, on a hatlui^ tili an animal, made up of ten horse, lean as the famed Boaioaate, but STATE PAPER. 46t butin shape DHUch resentblbg San- moral.and phjiicalbittoiy of OMiia cho'iaii; theDfollowedyourham- kind. In the cbaiclk7aTd gnzed . ble vrvantoQ 8 railk-white palfie^^ the panon't iteed, wbow b*ck wa^ whose [cvercDce for the human worn bare with carrying a pillioa- kind induced biin to be governed seat for the comelj, fat persoDags* by a creature not half aa strong, this eccleiiastic's wifej and Ibotul^ and, I fear, scarce twice as wise as the creature eat part oflheparidi, himself. By this enthusiasm of he was most miserably lean his, latber than my own skill, I When we had seen the chuicbj, rode on ia safety, and at leisure, the parson invited us to take ioiaf to observe the company j especi- refreshment at bis house, but Dr> ally the two ^SU''^ that brought Young thought wo bad be&>n, up the rear. The first was my enough trespassed on the goo^ servant, valiantly aimed with two man's time, so deiiiea to be cs- uiicbarged pistols ; wbos< holslen cused, else we should, no doubt, were covered with two civil harm- have been welcomed to the booa* less monsters that sigsified the va- by Madam, iu bet muslin pinnen, tour and courtesey of our ancestors, and sarsecei hood; who woukt The last wos the Doctor's man, have given us some mead, and 4 whose uncomticd hair so resembled piece of a cake, that she bad mtdo the mane of the horse he rode, «ie in the Whitsuo holidays, to treat could not help imagining ihey were bercoonns. However, Dr. Yomgt of kin, and wishing that for the who would not be oublope in good, honour of the family they had bad offices, invited the divine to cue one coDib betwixt [bemj on hti inn, where we went to dioDori head was a velvet cap, much re- but he eicused himself, and CUK serabllng a black saucepan, and on after the meal was over, io hopes his side bung a little basket. Thus of smoking a pipe ;. but oi\c Doc- did we ride, or rather jog on, to tor hinted to him that it would not Tunbiidge town, which is five be proper to oikt any incense, bat' miles from the wells. To tell yon sweet praise, to such goddesses of how the dogs barked at us, ibe Mrs. Kolt and your humble sei- childrcn squalled, and the men and vant. To say the truth, I saw a women stared, would take up too large horn tobacco box, ^thQueen iriQch tiine; let it suffice, that not Ann's head upon it, peeping out of even a tame magpie, or caged star- his pocket, but I did not care to ling, let us pass unnoted. At last take the hint, and desire him to we arrived at the King's-head, put in use that magnificent piece where the loyally of the Doctor of furniture. After dinner we induced him to alight, and then walked to the old castle, w'hidi knight errant like, he took bis was built by Richard de Clare, damselsfromofftbeirpalfreys, and Earl of Gloucester, in William courteously banded us into the inn, Ru&s's days. It has been a mott Wc look ibis progress to see the magnificent building ; the situa- ruins of an old castle; hut first tioQ ii extremely beautifitl; the our divine would visit the church- castle madeakind of a half moon yard, where we read that folks down to the river ; and where ibe .. were bora and died, the DBtanl> river doe>notdefcndil,tt has been 46i ANNUAL REGISTER, 18I4^ guarded bj a large moat. It is BOW ia the bands of a country gqotre, who is no common sort of oian ; but having said so much of the parson, I will let the rest of the parish depart in peacr, though I cannot help feeling the utmost resentment at him for cutting down some fine trees almost co- temporary wiih the castle, which he did to make room for a planta- tion of sour grapes. The towers at the great gate are covered with line venerable ivy. It was late in the evening before we got home, but the silver Cyn- thia held up her Jamp in the hea- vens, and cast such a light on the earth as shewed its beauties in a soft and gentle light. The night silenced all but our divine Doctor, who sometimes uttered things fit to be spoken in a season when all nature seems to be hushed and barkening. I followed, gathering wisdom as I went, till I found by my horse^s stumbUng, that I was in a bad road, and that the blind was leading the blind ; so I placed my servant between the Doctor and myself, which he not perceiving, went on in a most philosophical strain to the great amazement of my poor clown of a servant, who not being wrought up to any pitch of enthu- siasm, nor making any answer to all the 6ne things he heard, the Doctor wondering I was dumb> and grieving I was so stupid, look* ed round, declared his surprize, and desired the man to trot on before; and thus did we return to Tunbridge-Wclls. I can give your Grace great comfort in telling you Dr. Yonng will be with you in a week's time. PISAK POtTS^ (From Forsyth's Remarks o« Italy, Vc.) In reviewing some of these bards, 1 shall begin with Pignotti, as he still brlon:;s to Pisa. So little docs this elegant fabu4stow^ to genius, that his very ease, I understand* is the result of s^^vere study j and con- scious of this he seems to describe his own faculty in these lines : — Lanatnn Farra che versati habbia da vena Fadi vcr&i che costaa taota peas. Pignott; admires Pope and re- sembles him . The powers of t>oth seem confined to embellish the thoughts of others; and both Bare depraved with embellishment the simplicity of the early Greeks. — Pope's Homer is much too fine for the original; and Pignotti, for want of Esop's nai'vet6, has turned his fables into tales. Some* of hit best novelle are reserved for private circles. I heard him read one oa ** the art of robbing," which conli not be safely published bj a Tos-. can placeman. In the man him- self you see little of the poet, little of that refined satire which mns through his fables and haa raised those light-winged, looae, little things to the rank of Italian claasica. BcTtola is perhaps a more ge- nuine fabulist than Pignotti. He does not labour to lie easy i fi>r he has naturally the negligence and sometimes the vacuify of a rhym- ing gentleman. His fugitive pieces are as light as the poetical cobweba of his friend Borgognini. His son- nets run upon love or religion, and some inspire that mystic^ unmeao- ing STATE PAPERS. 485 ing tendcrnesj which Petrardi in- fusea into such subjecti. Bertola is too fond of uniTcrsality and change. He has been a traveller, a monk, a secular priest, a profes- wrin different universities and in differeot (cicnces, an hisrorian, a poet, a biographer, a journal ist,^n improvisatore BanJi ha! also been bitten by Ibe "eslro" of sonnet j but he is and " nlln moda" eipoaC some genteel follies with great truth of ridicule- His " gioniala viHarec- cia," is divenilied, not by Ihu com- moD cKpedietit of episodes, but by 8 ikilfiil interchange of rural de- icription, good-naitired sntire, and eaty philosophy. The same sub- ject Ms beer sung by Melli in Sici- lian, whichis the doric of Italian poetry and full of the ancientTheo- critan dialect. Cftarotti \f the fiuly Italian now alive (I hope Caiafa will pardon the exclusion) that has shown pow- ers equal to an original epic; bnt those noble powers he has waited in stooping to paraphrase the sa- vage noniense of Ossian, and in working on Homer's unimprovable rhapsudrcs. The Iliad he pails down and rebuilds on a plan of his own. He brings Hector into the very front, and re. moulds the mo- rals and decoration of the poem. — He retains most of the sublime that flashes through the original ; but be has modernized some of its manners, given a certain relief to iu simplicity, and suppressed those repetitions peculiar to Homer, and to the literature of the early ages. Parirn has amused, and I hope, corrected bis countrymen by tbe Vol. LVl. Maitina and MezzogiomOj for tbe other two parts of the day he left imperfect. An original vdn of irony runs through all his piclurest and brings into view most of the aficctions accredited in high life or in line conversation. He lays on colour enough, yet he seldotn ca- ricatures follies beyond their natu- ral distortion. His style is highly poetical, and, being wrought into trivial subjects, itacquiresacuriotis charm from the contrast. He is thought inferior to Betlintlli in tbe structure of blank verse ; but tbe seasoning and pun^ncy of his themes are more reliined here than the milder instruction of that ve- nerable baid. FanfMn',1 better known by htR Arcadian name Labindo, is iu high favour .IS a lyric poet. This true man of fashion never tires his fancy by any work of length ; he flies from subject to subject, delighted and delighting. You see Horace in every ode, Horace's modes of thinking, his variety of measares, his imagery, hit transitions. Yet Labindo wants the Hotatian ease; he is too studious of diction, and hazards " some taffeta phrases, silken terms precise," which re- mind us of our late Delia Crusca jargon. Pindemotiit was connected with some of our English Crtucani, but he cannot be charged with their flimsy, gauzy, glittering nontenspl He thinks, and be makes his read- ers think. Happy in description, sedate even in his light ihemes, generally melancholy and some- times sublime, he bears a fine re- semblance to our Gray, and like Gray, has written but little in a country where molt poets are ro- tuminous. 3 H Coili 466 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Ccuti if the profligate of genios. He rivals La Fontaine in the nar- ratiTe talent^ and surpasses him in obscenity. His late work» " Gli Aniouili parlanti/* though full of philosophy and gall, must soon yield to the fate of all political poems. Its forms and its agents are tiresome. We can follow a sa- tirical fox through a short fable, but we naoseate three volumes of allegorical brutes connected by one plot. His " novclle'* are on the contrary too attractive, too excel- lently wicked. Such also is their reverend author. He has lived just as he wrote, has grown old in debauchery, and suffered in the cause Yet Casti is courted and caressed hi the first circles of Italy; he is the arbiter of wit^ and the favourite of the Fair. IMPROVVISATORI. (From the Same). Florence has been long renown- ed for Improwisatori. So early iis the i5tb century the two blind brothers Brandolini excelled here in singing Latin extempore. The crowned and pensioned Gorilla drew lately the admiration of all Italy, and Signora Faotastici is now the improwisatrice of the day. This lady convenes at her house a crowd of admirers, whenever she chooses to be inspired. The first time I attended her accademia, a young lady of the same family and name as the great Michael Angelo began the evening by repeating some verses of her own composi- tion. Presently La Fantastici broke out into song in the words of the motto, and astonished me by her rapidity and command of nomben, which flowed in praise of the fmr poetess, and brought her poem back to our applause. Her nom* bers, however, flowed irregobriy, still varying with the flnctntioii of sentiment -, while her song oonca- ponded, changing fi'om aria toreci- tativo, from recitativo to m mea- sured recitation. She went round her circle and called on each persoa for a theme. Seeing her busy with her fan, I proposed the Fan as a subject ; and this little weapon she painted as she promised, " col pennel divino di fantasia fejice.** In tracing its origin she followed Pignotti, and in describing its use she acted and analyzed to us all the coquetry of the thing. She allowed henelf no pause, as the moment she cool- ed her estro would escape. So extensive is her reading that she can challenge any theme. One morning, after other classical sub- jects had been sung, a Venetian count gave her the bouodlcsss field of Apollonius Rhodius, in which she displayed a minute acqoaint- ance with all the argonaatic fable. Tired at last of demi-gods, I pro- posed the so£i for a task, and sketched to her the introduction of^ Cowper*s poem* She set out with his idea, but, being once entangled in the net of mythology, she soon transformed his so^ into a Cythe- rean couch, and brought Venus, Cupid and Mars on the scene; for such embroidery enters into the web of every improvvisatore Such ''strains pronounced and sung unmeditated, such prompt elegance,** such sentiment . and imager)' flowing in rich diction, in measure, in rhyme, and in anusic, without interruptioii^ and oo ob- jects CHARACTERS. 46^ JectB nnforeweB, all ihii mntt than bis works to ceranre. Tboi^ evince in La FtntMtici a wonderfiil born in a monarcfaj, and living un* coffintand ^ pow«r) : jret, judging der mild princes, tbis conat con- from ber ttndied and polished com- centered in bit bmrt all the pride, poshioDS, whidi are dull eoongh, I bralalit^.aDdviolenceof tbepareH ■boaM nispcct that tbi* impromptu- ariatocraciet that ever raged ill Ge- exerciK leldoro leads to poetical noa or Venice. Whoever wm ezeelleace. more or less than noble was the_ object ofhis hatred or hit contempt.' ■ The larae pen levelled bis Tiraa* nide against princes, and hin Anti- TBm*TM». ALFiiRi. gallicao against plebeians. Thepi- z o \ triotiim which he once put on {From tie Smu.) could never sit ms)' opon such ■ mind, nor &II naturally into tbe Alfieri is, next to Dant^, the fbrmsand posiureaof common life, Ttalian poet, most difficult to Its- He forced it on so violently, tbatit lians themseUci. Hit tragedies burst, and wa« thrown aside, nreloo patriotic and austere for the This haired of princes led him to Tuscan stage, l^eir comtruction dedicate hii Agis to our Charles 1st. is simple, perhaps too simple, too I admit tbe jurisdiction of posteri^ sparing of action and ofagenra. — over the fame of dead kinga. Bat Hence bis heroes must often soli- was it manly, was it humane, to loquize, be mast often describe call up the shade of an accom* what a Shakspere woald represent, plished prince, aprincefully asnn- and tbis to a nation imaioderately fortunate a> he was criminal, on load of picmre. Every thought, purpose to insult him with n mock* indeed, is warm, proper, energe- c!edication } and of all lialiani, tic; every word is necesiary and did this become Alfierij the re* precise; yet this verysirength and puted husband of that very wo- compression, being new to ibe man whose sterility hasextinguish- taogtiage and foreign to its go- cd tbe race of Charles ? Ditii, have rendered bis style in- His arittocraticsl pride, working verted, broken, and obscure ; full on a splenetic constilutioo, breaks of ellipses, and elisions) speckled out out into disgusting eccentrid- •ven to affectation with Danitsqut ties, meets you at his very door, terms ; without pliancy, or flow, bars up all bis approaches, and orvarieiy, or ease. leaves himself in the solitude of a Yet where lives the tragic poet sultan. How unbecoming of a equal to Alfieri ? Has England or poet was bis condnct to General France one that deserve* tbe name I Miollis, the declared friend of all Schiller may excel him in those poets living and dead 1 How often peals of terror which thunder has he descended from his theatri- through bis gloomy and tempes- cal stateliness to the lowest scurri- tuoua scenes ) but he is poorer in lily 1 How true is bis own do. thought, and inferior in theme- scriptton of himself I chsnism of his dnmit. Alfieri's conduct is more open O, nimindotni Achills sdorTtmte. ^68 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. hA$V YEARS OF DJEZZAR. (Frtnn Dr. Clarke*s Travels!^ Tn 6Mt last visit to old Dje22ar« we fouod his healtb visibly on tbe declioe; but there was nothing he seemed more aoxions to conceal from the knowledge of bis sub- jects. The well-known fable of the dying lion was constantly pre- sent to his imagi nation ; and no one better understood its moral ap- plication. Like the generality of ancient fables, it is^ in fact» strik* ingly applicable to the policy and manners of Eastern nations. Al- though the repose and stillness of his diarem were hcxxex suited to the preservation of his life than the (iublic duties of his palace, he knew loo well the consequences of a ru- mour purporting his inability to transact the affairs of his govern- ment, and therefore more readily granted audience to persons re- questing admissioato his presence ; continuing his usual practice of cutting watch-papers, but t)eing •less ostentatious of his bodily vigour, and the exhibition of his Herculean strength. We found him, as before* with his feet bare, end a bottle of water by his side, but a more than ordinary covering of turbans appeared about his head and neck. Having thanked him for the many obligations he had Gooferred upon us, he inquired tx>iiceming our late journey, and teemed to possess great knowledge of the country, as well as some de- gree of bfeitnalioD respecting its ancient history. Adverting to the dispute which took place between the author and one of the escort. in the plain ofEsdraeloo, (of which be had been informed) be cau^ tiooed us against the iioprudeoce of &U*iking an Arab, unless with power to put him instantly to drath ; adding, '* if you had beta any where but in Djezzar's do* minions, and under his protection, you would not have lived to tell the story. I know the inhabitants of this country better than any man, and have long fonnd thatlhey arc not to be governed by halves. I have been deemed severe ; but I trust you have found my name re- spected, and evert beloved, not-^ withsLnnding my severity." This last observation was strictly true ; for, in spite of all his cruelty, such was the veneration in whidi they held the name of Djezzar in many parts of the Holy. Land, that many of the Arabs would have sacrificed their lives for him. As we were about to take leave, he acknowledg- ed, for the first time, that he did not feel himself well, and coa^ plained of want of sleep ; asking us if we perceived any cbaagc ib his health. His interpreter told us that he hsd never before koova an instance of a similar cocifes8io&; and augured, from tbb circum- stance, that be would ttot long soi^ vive I which proved true, althongh bis death did not immediatdjr lo^ low. His last moments were cha- racteristic of his former life. The person whom he fixed upon lor his successor, was among the nunbec of his prisoners. Having sent for this man,^ be made koown hb is- tentions to hkn; telliog him, at the same time, that he would never enjoy peace&l deroinion while cer- tnin of the princes of the coootry existed. These men wcie thed. living CHARACTERS. 4Sg living as bostagn in Djcztift pow. "^r. " Yoa will not like lo begfn your reign," taid he, " by slangb- lering (hem ; I will do thai busi- resi for you :" accordingly, order- ing thi;m lo be brought before him, he had them all put to death in hii presence. Soon afterwards he died, Icaring, as he had pre- dicled, the undiiturbed possesiioa of a very eitentlre territory to fats succssor, Ismael Pasha ; dr- BCribed by English travellers, who have since visited Acre, as a very amiabJe man, and in every thing the very reverse of this Herod of his time. CHAl HCTEl OP ALGBRNOM STDKKY. (From his Life, ly Mr. Meadl-y.) The name of Algernon Sydney bas been long illustrious in the nn- nals of his country, and revered among the fHcnds of freedom as the champion, and martyr, of their cause. In vain have the apologists of courtly crimes endeavoured to traduce his character, and to bring public virtue' into discredit, by im- peaching the reclilude of hii de- »igns. Though prejudice and de* lusioQ might prevail for a moment, the atrocious calumnies were soon exposed ; fur the more minutely his conduct is investigated, the more frep will it be found from every seloib stain. A* a patriot, indeed, his character has been justly admired ; but his virfaca as A man have been neglected, or at least imperfectly understood He bas generally been considered as austere in bis deportment, and de- 4roid of those amenitietj wbkb cqn> tribute so much tothe happtneiMof social life. He was nodonM iras- cible, tenacious, and impatient of contradiction or controul; but lie wa* nincere, steady, and consistent in bis atlachmeiKs, and open in the avowal of bis eomiiy or tfisguit.-^ When he wished to acquirea com- manding influence, few men pos. aeiiaed a more insinuating addresi ; and he enjoyed, in return, the most unbounded confidcirce from his frinids. His letters, particu- larly those he wrote from Italy to his father, display a heart alive lo every tender sympathy, and vibrat- ing with the most exquisite feelings. The iweetnest of ntuurt, so much noticed in his early years, may be traced in his subsequent progress i cnablinghim to acquire new friends in eiile ; and lo defy the malire uf his persecutors in the closing scene* of life. His kindness to Lord Stranjfbrd and his sister shews, that amidit the tumults of civil dissension, he was not regardlesi of the inierest of his family, or ihft blessings of domestic peace. And the anxiety, which he felt from tbe unmerited reiemmcntofbis father,- w« more poignant, than what arose solely fiom thb recollectioa of his other misforrunes. He ap^ pears lo bat-e becYi subject to 06^ casionalfiis of drspondency, wheii chagrined or wearied with the dttfi- cuiiici to which be was exposed. Retirement and study then becantti the solace of bi» wounded uiitrd.— ^ But, that mind aoou recovering its tone and ehisticity, he was hur- ried again to mingle id more ac- tive scenes. Hence the apparent inconsistency of bis conduci, hi withdrawing bimself, al limes, A- tbgeiber fton wciety, and in aj|nn 470 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. aa suddeoly recurring to the dis- tractioDs of the busy world. Yet in business or in study his mind wa9 equally alert, and few men were better qualified to shine in the councils of his country, or to Uphold the interests of a sinking state. Sydney's talents, as a ne- gociator, were displayed in bis transactions at the Sound ; and the wisdom of his measures were after- wards more clearly unfolded, in the steady adherence of Sweden to the English alliance ^ when the Danes, v^hom he was accused of compel- ling to a disadvantageous treaty, forsook that alliance, from their more intimate connection with the Dutch. It was^ however, in main- taining the beneficial schemes of an enlightened policy, that he was chiefly fitted to excel. He had no sympathy with the intriguers of an abandoned court $ and if, after the restoration, his talents were re- quired for the service of his coun- try, it was to oppose, and not to. forward, their designs. Aware of the evils inseparable from despotism^ and the mischiev- ous tendency of delusion on the minds of princes, Sydney \^as at- tached to a popular scheme of po- licy» which he deemed most con- ducive to the public good. But, free from all animosity and fac- tion, in bis resistance to the arbi- trary proceedings of the Stuarts, be preserved the consistency of his principles, by refusing to acquiesce in the usurpation of Cromwell, or to countenance the triumph of the military over the civil power. The idigious enthusiam which so ge- nerally prevailed, had little innu- enoe on bis mind -, and his efforts ^ere solely directed to secure the liberties of his GoaQtiy» bf IhA «•« tablishment of a finee ooostitiitioB^ fiaanded on the only legitimate bask of government, the oavaaaL WILL. Hevin^cated thelawfiil- ness of resistance to oppresMve m- \en, as necessary to maintain the people's rights -, and he challenged a degree of freedom, as easeotial to their happiness, which the advo- cates of regal authority are seldom disposed to allow. He esteeoaed himself free, because dependant on the will of no man, and struggled to assert the proud inheritance of ap Englishman, against all unwar- ranted controuL The love of li- berty, and of his country, was deep- ly rooted in his mind ; and he was incapable of doing any thing repug- nant to his principles, even for the preservation of his life. Aa those principles were fonoed on the pu- rest models of antiquity, they were fireefrom thatfimatidsm and coarse- ness, which strongly ehamcteriaed his 9ge. He had a soul above dis- guise. His elevated sentiments and undoubted courage raised him above the little arts of the dema- gogue. He was a genuine repub- lican, superior to all selliah ooosi- derations, and worthy to be hand- ed down for the adminition urt ) accepting merely that awisancft, which few govemmentH withhold from illn^ trious strangers in distress. Hia supposed connection with BarilloD* at a later period, involves nothing inconsistent with the poblic weal. In a free couotty, no pensioner can be more dangerous than a pen- sioned king: and the arbitrary pro- jects of an unworthy sovereign, meanly dependent up lion. When, therefore, be return- ed in complisiu» with the wishes of his dying father, a safe conduct was all that be required ; — all that • Set HuneV Hiilory, vm, tf, Bota. there 472 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. there appears the slightest evideoce to prove that he received. It would have been inconsistent with his ar- dent feelings, to remain a calm spectator of his country's wi'ongs j . and, however anxiously he might seek to redress them, a solemn act of the legislature has long since rescued his memory from the im- putation of all legal, and all moral guilt. He fell, indeed, a martyr to his principles, and a victim to the vengeance of a tyrant, whose life he had generously preserved. Regarding religion solely as a divine philosophy, Sydney placed no reliance on the efficacy of ex- ternal forms. He was a firm be- liever in the wisdom and benevo- lence of the Deity -, in the truth and obligations of the christian scheme : but he was averse to pub- lic worship, and to every descrip- tion of ecclesiastical influence in the state. He was devoid of all intolerance and bigotry, where re- . ligion alone was concerned, and his aversion to popery was chiefly grounded on its supposed connec- tion with arbitrary power. As a writer on government, Syd- ney was eminently qualified to ex- cel, no less from his cultivated taste ' and genius, than from bis intimate acquaintance with the theory and practice of political institutions, and his ardour in defending the cemmon rights and freedom of mankind. A master at once of reason a ud of expression, he wrote firom his judgment and his heart; and conveyed the result of bis prin- dples ana knowledge, in a clear, flowing and nervous style. Con- versant with the best writers of an- tiquity, and the purest models of more recent times^ be bad studied the history of nations, as k tended to unfold the evils of Jeapotisoi, and the advantages of popular oo»- troul. And his expedients for the preservation or establishment of civil liberty, are few, simple, and. practical, wherever public virtue, its only effectual safeguard, can be found But the approbation bestowed on Sydney, by the historian or the pa- triot, has been by no means con- fined to the sj^eculations of his re- tirement : it has accompanied him amid the tumults and dissensions of his active life. Above all, the in- justice of his sentence has been al- most universally condemned ; and "the production of papers, con- taining speculative opinions upon government and liberty, as a sub- stitute for a second witness, depre- cated, as a system of wickedness and nonsense, hardly to be paral- leled in tbe history of juridical ty- ranny.** He has been regarded as innocent even of political crinoes ; as a victim to the sanguinary ven- geance of his profligate and perfl** dious king. Such was Algernon Sydney: such, by the liberal and enlighten- ed, has he ever been esteemed.— His little errors are lost in the blaze of traoscendant genius, of virtues such as fall not to the com- mon lot of man. Let those, who calumniate his character and revile his principles, remember, that to the practical assertion of those verjr principles at the revolution, Eof^ land has owed her best superioritjr over tbe nations of £uropei If he formed too £ivourable an opinioa of the dignity of human Qatoie» and recommended a fipocdom too pure and too lofty for the pawions and CHARACTERS. 473 and prejudices of the mass of man- kind ', it was the error of a mind sublime and generous : the great- est benefactors of their species have . invariably cherished an equal en- thusiasm. A.nd whilst the cen- sures of the venal and the base are heard but for a moment, the name of Sydney will live in the memory of the just, and his conduct will excite the emulation of the ho- nourable ; while his character and his principles will be applaade4 by every friend to the' liberties of Britain. And if, in the revolving annals of her history, that day shall ever arise, when the despotic prmce, and the profligate minister, shall again prompt the patriot of noble birth to do or die for his country ; then may the image of Algernon Sydney rise up to his admiring eye : and against the darkness of fate, whether its smile or its frown awaits his '' well considered en- terprize,** let him fortify his spi- rit by an example of magnanimity 90 choice and so complete. EPITAPH On tiie late SIR WADSWORTH BUSK, B^HIBD IN TRB Church of the Middle Temple, LONDON. Hoc Tumulo rcquiescunt Ci- neres Waoswohth Busk Equi- ris, Jarisconsolti, praeclars bujus Societatis Consessoris et roultis aunts Regiarum Causarom Procu- ratoris in Mona Insula ; ObiiC Die XV. Decembris, Anno Salutis MDCCeXI. JBTAT. LXXXII. By the faithful and assiduoos discharge of his Official Doties, and by an unremitting attention to the true interests of the Inland, which was the scene of his profession^ engagements, he merited and ob* tained the rewards of his Sovereign,' and conciliated the esteam, grati- tude, and veneration of tlie inha- tants. Qualified to shine in any station of Public Trust, he preferred, in philosophical retirement, the path of virtue and piety, which led to a more enviable and lasting pre- eminence. In private life his virtues were conspicuous — not ostentatious -, his /conduct exemplary — not austere ; his deportment dignified — not as- suming ; his benevolence wann and comprehensive, but not indis- criminate ; his manners invariably gentle, unafiTected, and sincere. In conversation he was instruc- tive, animating, and impressive^ in cooEiposition nervous, perspicu- ous, and elegant; his acquirements were solid, classical, useful, and extensive, and his knowledge of. the human mind penetrating and profound. Zealous for the pro- motion ot civil and religious firee- dom, (the foundation of all human excellence,) he accounted it a sin- gular blessing to have ranked among his steadiest friends some of the ablest advocates of Liberty and Christianity. A firm believer in the truths of revealed Religion, he unceasingly endeavoured to pro- mote its genuine doctrines and prac- tical influence by prayer, by pre- cept, and by example ; for his life was passed in the exercise of every social duty, of every moral obliga- tion, of every christian charity ! his. end was marked by calm content, placid 474 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. placid rerigoadon* and ptoiis hope, est at ineaioria bene redditx vitie the fruit of ihtcUectual exertion^ sempitema. tha meed of tried iotegrity> the Filii quinqiie aioris priorit et theme of disinterested praise, the conjux carissima superttes, ams ma- promise of a blessed immortality ! didam lacbrimbj hoc marmor po* Breru a natura nobis vita data suerunt. WANNURS C *7S ] MANNERS, CIJSTOMS, &c. NATIONS AND CLASSES of PEOPLE. this cylindei is large, aaotber twice XALUucKPKAYiNOHkcuiKX. 8s small, and filled with writing, 11 £xed for omameiit at tbe top of (FnmTraveU in tht Caucasus oxd it. The ioEcrlptlons on such prayer- Georgia ) wheels comntoDly coosiit of matset for HHils, pmlnu, and the six great AMONG the most remarkable general liuoiei, in which the most of the sacn^d utensils of the moving petitiont are preferred for temples i» the furt^, a cylindrical the wdfare of all crestores. The vcMcI or wood or metal, either very test they sometimet repeat a hun- small or of immcnie size. In it* cen- dred or even a thousand timet, at- treis fixed aniToaa&lci but the tribnting from superstition a pro- iDterior of the cylinder, which is portionablj augmented cfiiMrt to quite hollow, is filled with sacred this repctitioo, aod believing that writings, (he leaves of which are by theae frequent ctipies, combined all stuckone to another at the edge, with their thousands of revolotiona, throughout the whole length.— they will prove so much the more This paper ii rolled tightly round efficacious. You frequently see, Ibeaiiiofthecylindertilllhewbole si well on the habiUtioni of tbe space is filled up. A close cover prlc.U as on the whole roof of tbo is fixed on at each end, and the temple, imaU Kiirda placod doie whole Kiirda it very neatly finish- to each other, in rows, by way of ed, painted on theoutside with al- ornament; and not only over tfao I^orical rrpresentations, or Indian gates, but likewise in the fields, firayen, and varnished. This cy- Asmes let up expreuly for these indctia fastened upright iu a frame praying- machines, which, instead by tbe axis ; so that the latter, by of being moved by a string, are ineans of a wheel attached to it turned by mean* of four sails, bdow, mgoing with a shaped and hollowed out like iitriog, and with a slight pull kept spoons, by the wind, in a constant Hitatoi7tqoijoQ.Whca Other similar Kiirdi are fatten- 476 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814- ed to sticks of moderate thickness ; From the Same. a leaden weight is then fastened to ^^^ ckakatschai the cylinder by a string which, when it is once s^t a-going, keeps The Ckaratscbai, (that is. Black it with the help of the stick in RivuUtj) not Karautzi^ axe called constant motion. Such^like prayer- by the Tschtrkessians Karacfaaga wheels, neatly wrought, are fasten- Kusch*ha, but by the Mingrelians ed upon short sticks to a small and Imercthians Karatschioli. By wooden pedestal, and stand upon the Tartars they are denominated the altars for the use of pious per- Ckara-Tscherkess,orJ3/aribT8cher- soos. Whil^ the prayer- wheel is kessians, because tbey are .subject thus turned round with one hand, to that people. 1 bus also tbey 4hc devotee takes the rosary in the were named by the GreorgianSi In other, and at the same time repeats the middle ages, Quara Dshiki, penitential psahns. and their country Qaradschachethi, A fourth kind of these Kiirda for Dshiki and Zychi are synony- is constructed on the same princi- mous, and signify Tscherkessiaqi. pie as those which are turned by Tbey assert that they removed wind ; only it is somewhat smaller, firom Madshar to the district which and the frame is adapted to be bung they at present inhabit before the up by a cord in the chimneys of tlie Tscherkessians came to the Kabar* habitations or huts of the Mongols, dab, and derive their naooe of Cha- Wheo there is a good fire, they are ratschai from the chieftain under likewise set in motion by the smoke whose conduct they settled on the and the current of air, and conti- Ckuban. Pallas assigns to them a nue to turn round as long as the considerable extension to the west; fire is kept up. for he represents them as border- A fifth kind of Kurda is erected ing upon the Beschilbai on the on a small stream of water, upon Urup. The truth is, that tbey a foundation like that of a mill, dwell dispersed at the ndrth foot over which a small house is built of the Elbrus, which b called by to protect it from the weather. — them Mingi-taw, on the rivers By means of the wheel attached to Chursuk, Ckuban, and Tcberde. it, and the current, the C}'Hnder is To tlie east they are separated by the in like manner kept in a constant mouihtains of Kandshal, Tsbalpak^ circular motion. These water- and Urdi; and to the north by the Kiirda are commonly constructed mountains ofAuarsetsch, Ketscher* on a large scale, and maintained gan, Baramut, and Mara» from the at the joint expense of the inbabl- Tsckherkessians and Abasses. To tants of a whole district. They the west they have the Abatsiaa have a reference to all aquatic tribes ofTramkt,Lo*u,and£llitsdi. animals, whether alive or dead. Their two principal villages are whose temporal and eternal hap- Ckaratschai, at the influx of the piness is the aim of the writings Chursuk into the right of the contained in them : in like man- Ckuban, which contains about 250 ner as the object of the fire-Kiirda houses, and another of about fifty is the salvation of the souls of all houses, situated to the west of the animals suffering by fire. Upper Ckuban, on the IUdtt river jM)crde« MANNERS AND CUSTOMS- All Tebeide. The latter is of recent date^ having been fbonded by re* fogees from Ckaratschi, who qnit- ted the principal Tillage for fear of the incursions of the Kabardians. The road to them, which is ex- tremely incommodious, and cannot be travelled with carriages, runt along the Ckuban and Bakssan. From the village of Ckaratschai, at the conflux of the Chursnk and the Ckuban, it is 17 wersts to the stone bridge over the latter river, which is called by the Tscberkes- sians Miww(-t*le-mlsch, but by the Tartars Taschkopur, The road thither leads along the right bank of the Ckuban, and is not passable for carriages. To go from Cka- ratschai to the Great Kabardah, you first proceed up the brook Chursuk to its source, and then cross the range of the Tschalpak in such a direction that you leave Mount Kandsbal on the right. — The distance is 60 or 70 wersts, and the road very bad. To the foot of the Mingitau or Elbrus it is only 15 wersts, which distance may be performed in half a day -, bat its summit is inaccessible. All the Ckaratschai were for- merly heathen like the Balkar and Tschegem; but at present no other religion prevails among them than the MohhanKnedan, a«id they now abhor 8wine*s flesh, of which they used to be very fond. About thirty years since (1782) they were converted to Islamism by the Ka- bardian priest Isaak Efiendi, who was in the pay of the Pbrte. The name of their present Eflimdl is laaak a1so> that of their MuUa is Othman, and the person who sum- Ipions them to prayer firom the tower of the Messdshed is called Guotschai. To Christianity they are ntter strangers, and^ keep no dther fetta than those prescrit)ed in the Cku- ran. Without the village of Cka- ratschai, however, at a place which is set apart for the interment of strangers, and is called Get* mischbach, there are many graves and sepulchral stones, which they attribute to Frdngi or Catholics.- The princes of the Ckaratschai are styled By, and of these the three chief families are the Ckrym- Schochali, Ursubi, and Mudari. — The people nevertheless pay no kind of tribute either to them, the usdens» or the gentry J but the princes pos- sess the right of taking for their own use any man*s horses, but re- turn them in a short time to the owner. To the Kabardian prin- ces, on the other hand, whom they term Bck, they are obliged to pay certain imposts. All the Ckarata** chi, whether princes, nobles, or peasants, are under the authority of the Beks, and consider them a& their only superiors. These cot»» monly receive five sheep from each house; besides which the wealthy give them a fine horse, an os, felt- mantles (Jamatscheh), furs, cop- per kettles, and other articles. Though the Ckaratschai are not bound to pay any particular ho- nours to their native princes, yet the usdens must attend the Ey in bis excursions on horseback. If he cukes a pnrehase, he commonly gives away part of it in present^ to the persons of bis retinue, who, iti return, entertain him every where in 'the best manner, and supply him with provisions suitable to his rank. As the friendship of Kabardian princes is estimated very highly by them^ each ism\j strives to obtain the 478 ANNUAL REGISTER, 16I4. the £i?oor of one of the mot t pow- erfal, that it maf secare a protec* tor and mediator in unforeseen miifortonet or attacks. No one will then venture to do any raeni- ber of it an injury either public or private^ nay, it frequenily happens that mean families acquire power andconsequencesolelythrough their friendsbrp with Kahardian princes. Hence neither the Abasses nor the Nogays Tenture to commit depre- dations on the Ckaratschat, lest they should be chastised by the Kabardians ; on the coutrary, they are always solicitous to keep on the best terms with them. The Ckaratschai, in their per- 8ons> are some of the handsomest of the inhabitants of the Caucasus, and bear a much stronger re- semblance to the Georgians than to the roving Tartars in the steppe. They are well shaped, atid have remarkably delicate features, which are embellished by large black eyes and a fair complexion. Among them you meet with none of the broad, fiat faces, and holk)w ob- lique eyes, which are so common among the Nogays, and would provean intermixture with Mongol tribes. In general they take only one wife ; but some have two or three, with whom they live very happily, and, contrary to the practice of the other mountaineers, treat them with humanity nnd affitction ; so that here, as among the Europeans, the wife is the companion, and not the mental servant, of the husband. The wives of the princes have separate habitations, and dare not show themselves to any stranger, and still less converse with him. The husband is not allowed to visit bis wife in the day-time^ but only at otght. The aame Tidier kessian costooi prevails alao amoof the wealthy nsdeiii or nobles } bat the oommoo man lives togetber with his wiv€S» and pennita Strang* ers to see and oooverse with them* The daughters likewiae go but little abroad ; they are occopted in the manufiBctare c^ gold and silver thread, and in making dotbea for their fathers and brothers. Among them, as among the other Tartars, the parents, on the marri^e of a daughter, receive a kalim, which is here termed the price of blood. The bridegroom, if he is wealthy, senrls a complete dresa to the bride, who must put it on when she is conducted to him, which is always done in the eight. On the wedding-day the bridegroom at- sembles at his house all bis friends of the male aex, and gives tbem an entertainment, at which they eat and drink hr artily. A similar treat is given in the hanie of the bride, but only her fomale ac- quaintance are invited co it. To- wards evening the young waea re- pair to the bride*s^ to coodnct ber with her whole train to the habi- tation of her future boabnod. The festivides last three dayai the company dance, feast, and mke merry; the youths have an o|k portunity of forming an acquaint- ance with the girls, of the village^ and thus commencea many a passion which terminates in a new marrtttge. At the wedding a par* tiailar dance is perfonned by lads and lasses intermixed in a circle. When a young man deaigna to marry, he does not commoniotfe his intention to his parents^ lest they should disapprove his cfaoloe and prevent the match. In ge^ neral, however^ tb^ parents tbem- selve MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. A7» selfet seek out for him a wife called Thuma or Ticbanktia. If suitable to his rank and fortune, they are males^ thej are delivered In this case the ceremony of be« immediately aifter their birth to trolhing very soon takes place ; but some poor person, who brings the marriage is deferred, so that the them up with care till the father parties have frequently to wait from dies, and then the Thuma succeed four to six months, nay some- him in all his prerogatives and pos- times even a whole year. Till the sessions, as though they were hit consummaiion of the nuptinls the legitimate offspring. But when bridegroom is not suffered upon there are children also by the legi- any account to see or speak to the timate wife, and these will nei- bride, neither is she allowed to see ther acknowledge the bastard as him. It is also coubidered Jnde- their brother, nor suffer him to corous for the bridegroom to be live with them, nor assign him a seated in the presence of the share of the patrimony, they^put bride*8 parents; even if he has him to death, as no person will been sitting before their entrance avenge his blood, because he is he rises ; neither must he enter related to nobody. It nevertheless into conversation with them until frequently happens that the legi- he is actually married to their timate children, out of respect for daiighter. the blood of their &ther, not only When a man has debauched a spare the bastard, but acknowledge married or unmarried female, and him as a brother, and share with the affair becomes public in the him the paternal possessions. l*he village, all the inhabitants meet latter generally takes his poor in the Messdshed, whither the foster-father into his house, and seducer also is conducted. He is supports him from a motive of tried by the elders, who commonly gratitude as long as he lives, pronounce upon him a sentence Many of the Ckaratschai com- of banishment from the country, mit the education of their sons to accompapied with the most rigid their MuUa, who instructs them ia injunction never to return to reading and writing. When they Ckaratschai or its vicinity if be have acquired a proficiency in ha\,fkny regard for his life. The these branches they are termed fati^er turns his dishonoured daugh* Tochta, and are appointed to ter, and the husband the aduhress, chant the Ckuran in the Messd- out of his house, and never can shed at divine worship. After either be prevailed upon to re- they have performed this office for ceivc her again. Sometimes the some time they become eligible business terminates in the death of themselves for the post of Mulla, the offender, and then the dis- if they should embrace no other graced family quit the country to profession. conceal their shame from their The Ckaratschai are not so much former fellow-citizens. Such cases, addicted to plunder as their neigh- however, but rarely occur. hours the Tscherkessians and When a prince or nobleman has Abaases ; nay, the words tAeft and no issue by his legitimate wife, but roguery are seldom heard among has children by a slavc^ these are them. They arc extremely in- dustrious, 480 ANNUAL REGISTEIl, 1814. dustrions, and chicfl/ subsist by agriculture; for ihey are too weak to pursue^ like their masters and protectors the Kabardians, the trade of arms, as the whole tribe consists of ver}' few more than 250 families. The soil is fertile, and produces abundance of wheat (budai), bar- ley {arpa)t millet (tari), and grass for pasturage ; yet this spot is but eight wersts in breadth, the whole circumjacent country being co- vered with woods, in which wild pear-trees (kortwo) are frequently met with. Here grow likewise great quantities of cornel 'berri<^s, which are preserved with honey, tnd disposed of to the Kabardiaus and the Turks. The woods more- over abound with game, as bears, wolves, wild goats of ^wo species, hartfs, wild cats, the skins of which are highly valued, and martens. They sell to foreign traders the skins of bears, hares, foxes, and martens ; but those of the wild goats they keep for themselves, aind use them for carpets, which they lay upon the spot where they kneel during prayer. They like- wise makQ boot-legs and Tartar boots of them, and cut them hito small strips to sew with. They keep many sheep, asses, mules (ckadra), and horses, which last, though small, are strong and spi- rited, and admirably adapted for travelling in the mountains. Their butter is excellent, and with the milk they make very good cheese (liscMk), A very common dish with them is kejftr ; so also is boiled mutton (sc^isslick), or meat roasted upon small sticks, or cakes filled with minced meat and other things. Their beer (ssra) is, like that of the Ossetes, the best in the.Caacasas, and resembles Eof* lish porter. They distil hran^ from barley and wheat, and their bread they commonly bake in the ashes. They are very fond of to- bacco, which they Cultivate them- selves ; and there are several spe- cies of it, all of which are in great request. They sell it to the No- gays, Ssuanes, and Jews ; these last export it to the Kat>ardah and to Russia. When their horses are grown old and unserviceable, tbey cat off their tails and manes, and torn them out to feed in the woods, where they become extremely fat When they kill them they keep the flesh dried tiD winter, and alto cut it into small pieces, with which, when cleared of the sinews, they fill the intestines. This kind of sausage they set before their friends as a dainty. The stooaacb, liver, and other ofifal are likewise nsed in housekeeping. Kiimiss, or milk* brandy. Is never made by them. The men wear, like. the Tscber- kessians, woollen garments re* sembling a close surtont> which are called Tschimek. Their cloth, which is held in high estimation throughout the whole of the Cau- casus, is manufactured by them- selves. The women also dress in cloth and furs when they go abroad ; but in the height of summer tbey wear only a light under-gannaat of white cotton. The younger females cover the head with a cap of silver lawn, and plait their bjor, which is tied after the Tscber- kessian manner with a white ribband, and falls down their backs. The women of more advanced age wear a white handkerchief over the bend. Their houses^ which tbey keep vciy MANKERS AND CUSTOMS. 481 vcrj dean, are built of fir ; ihey intentional, gtill it ia conildered ai faav-e no fire-placM, and tmall a crime j but a recoocUiation i* windows. Tbetr principal house- much more etaj, and addom &ili hold uteniilaconiist ofa variety of to be efiecied. copper kenlei, which are hung up The priocei of the Ckaiatichai by mpBHi ot a hook over the 6rf , marry daughten of Kabardian and come by way of Ssocbum- usdena, and these usdens take for cicala'h from Anadolia. The bed- their wires the daughten of thoie ■teadsareof wood, raited but very princes. Tbeialim, or pries paid Itltte from the floor, and covered ft>r a wife in arms and cattle, cx- witb carpets and pillows. ceeds in valae looo (ul*cr) ruble*. Ttieir arms at present are guns. The manner in whidi they briog pistols, sabres, and daggers; for- up their children ii veiy strict aitd roerly theyutedshlelds((?ia^Aan) commendable. When a ion ii al«n, and two dilferent kinds of disobedieot to his parents, and fails huatiag-gpears.calledSsungehand to amend his conduct after re- lUudshur^. They have no wheeled pealed admonitions, be is placed carriages, owing to the (notm- in night of the whole village at tainoui nature of the coantry, but tbe door of the Messdshed, and transport every thing upon pack- seriously exhorted to alter his be- faoraes. baviour. Should this have no eE- When one man has killed ano- feet, his parents disown and turn ther, the relatives of the latter him out of doors, having pre- ttrive by all means to revenge bis viously furnished him with such blood by tbe death of tbe mur- things as are most necessary, and derer ; and thus, according to their never mnit he afterwards show notions, to give rest to bis and his face in his lather's house. If their own souls. Nevertheless it his conduct ibould itill be too fre<]ueiitly happens that a prince scandalous, he is even expelled tfndeavonrs to reconcile the parties, from the village, and fbrbiddoD to wliom he invites to his house, with return as long as he lives. ■It their relations ; an oi or a theep Treachery is a crime so uDcom- is slaughtered and eaten, copious inon as scarcely to be known to gitalioDs of beer succeed, and be- them even by name ; and should re iley part a reconciliation is any native be guilty of it, or a generally effected. If the person stranger come among them as a whose duty it is to avenge tiie spy, all the people fly to arms to death of his kinsman be poor, or apprehend him, and he infallibly deficient in spirit, or if the de- pays tbe forfeit of his life for tbe ceased have no relatives capable of o^nce. In general they do nor imbruing their hands in the blood rest till they have literally cut bim of the murderer, the reconcilia- in pieces. lion may also be brought about by When the inhabitants of Cka- ■Deans of presents to the value, ratschai have any important buii- very often, of mo're than 600 ness to cUscuss and dedde tipoa, (silver) rubles. Those are called the elders assemble in the Meisd- ChsntMbasi by the Ckanitacbai. shed. In condtiding agreements Should the siurder have been un- both parties must swear to observe Vot. LVI. B 1 them. 48S2 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. them, and whoever breaks bis oath forfeits five or ten sheep to thevHUige. Should he ag^aia vio» latr. the covenant, he must, afrcr paying the penalty, bind himself by a new oath to the faithful per. forraance of the cng'gcmcnt, and no instance is known of a man having broken this double oath. In taking oaths the following ce- remonies are obscn^cd : the par- ties meet in the antehali of the Meudshed, and the roulla holds up the Ckuran. The person taking the oath lays his hand upon the book, and calls God to witness the truth of his asseveration ; on which the ceremony concludes, and the oath is considered inviolable. When any one dies the women set up a terrible howl, beating their breasts and tearing their hnir ; but the men who attend the funeral strike themselves vio- lently with their borse*whips on the forehead, and mangle the lobes of their ears with knives. On their return, however, they drown their grief in copious liba- tions of beer. Tlie Ckaratschai have recourse to divination, more especially be- fore they mount their horses to undertake a journey or go a hunt- ing. They lay forty-one small pebbles, peas, beans, or barley- corns, in several heaps, according to certain rules, and from their number and relative situations they predict the success or failure of an enterprise. If the omens throve propitious, they hasten to put their design in execution ; but if unlucky, nothing can induce them to stir a step,— so thoroughly are thn^ convinced of the in^il- libility of the prediction. It must be cooftssedi however, that many of them bare no fsuth iq these ab- aurditiea. For the teat, these pecspl^ like all mountaineen, are irery super* Btitious, and relate nnmberlcst stories of dsmons and goblins that are said to hnunt the moun- tains^ of which the following may serve for a specimen :— A malignant spirit in fen^le shape, and having very long hair, which they call in their language Ssal- masti, is reported to reside In a certain wood. About twenty-five years ago one of the inhabitants of the village caught this goblin, car* ried it home with him, and cot off its hah*, which he carefnlly bid, and by which means he rendered the spirit subservient to biro. One day be ordered it to make aooe bosa ; on which it set the pot OQ the fire, beiled the pease, and when the soup -was ready the master and mistress went out, leaving two little children only in the faoase. These soon begged the spirit to give them something to eat, which it promised to do, if they wooki tell where its hair was concealed. No sooner had they ahowo the place where it lay, thM the dsttoa snatched op the hair, and was thus released from anbjection id its master. Upon tbia it threw the two children into the pot full of boiling Ima, and fled badk la the wood, where it ia still aald to reside. They deem it a great crime not toobs^e the fi»ts preaerlbed in the Ckuran, and to omit' their daily prayers. Like all the Mo* hammedans of the Caocasos, they are Sonnitest and cheriah an imv- terate hatred against the Iblloven of All. The flesh of ihe wild and tame awiooi of which tbejr wext MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 483 were fonnerly rerf fbodi tbej aow ii tctj alroDg and intoxicating ; bold ia tba ulmoit atihorrCDce, but they wldon) drink it, ai it if and they cooiider a penon wiio forbidden in tbc Ckuran. Tbey oalr toucbet ooe of thoie aniniali make a stock of beer and bota for aiiaapure. win tar. Thc^ bave no booey. In temper tbej are ntremelj became the climate is too cold, for waRQ, tad the tmaUcit trifle ibat bees in ninter, and tbey know can be coiutnied by them into an notbing of tbe management of aSraot initantly inflamei tiiair re- hive*. What honey they want Bentmeot againtt tbe offender j they obtain from the Kabardiins, but they are loon pacified again* but ute it only for preicrving and easily conTinced of their error, cornel -berriei and other fruit. Upon the whole, it may be jnslly Their mountaini produce both asserted, that they are the most sulphur and saltpetre i and la polished tribe in the Caucasus, and procure the latter ibcy arc DOC sorpan all ibnr neighbours in obliged, hke tbe Ttcberkeutani, to mildnen of manners. To their sprinkle tbe ground of their sheep* superior*, the KabanUan princes, folds and pens «tih ley. Tbcic they pay the utmost respect and gunpowder is fine and remarkably obi^ience, executing all their com- Krong. mands with cbeerfuloess and puoc- The produce of their innn&> tuality. Tbey assist their poorer tnres, as cloth (scial), fells Ihai) brethren. wiLh gifts, and iu a for carpeting, furs, hoods (itu- variety of waytj the rich lend eUii), Jcc. they sell partly to the them their oien, and find them Imeretblani and partly exoort to employment, for which tbey pay Ssochum-ckala'h, a Turkish for- Ibemwell, so that th^r are enabled tress on the Black $ea, which to live in a comfortaUe manner. contains great quantities of mer- Tbe Ckaratschai manuractura chandizo, and carries on a con- themsdves none of those articles siderable trade with the westrm which require gnxt pattu and pa- Caucasus. Tbey recei?e la return tiaoce, and procure eren Ihdr cottons, silks, tobacco-pipes, for gani, sabres and daggers from the which there is a great demand, neighbouring Tscherkeasians, from Turkish tobacco, ncMltes, tbimblett Swchtun-ckala'b, and from the and otter skim. Their traffic with Abasaes. Their territory yidda the Kabardians, from whom ih^ neilbs; ndt nor trm. These ne- procure salt and other Russian cessaties, (c^cther with lead and produce, is much less esteosivet other metals, they purchase of tbe indeed tbey can supply tbcmselvet TscberkesslaDs and the Nogays. much better with all tbey want For salting their winter provirions throt^b the cbanoel of tbe Turkj. they use tbe water of a spring not and at a much cheaper rate, on far from Chunnk, with which accoont of tbe water-carriage from also tbey cogk their victoals. Constantinople. Tber have alro Tbey bave scwoely any other aomo dealings with the Sinanes, kinds of bercrage than beer and wbJ an caUed Ebse by the fia- hua. From - wheat - and barley, nanoi, and principally lupply then indeed, they distil a hJtniy which with wlphDr and lead. 1 I 3 THF 484 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. tBZ IHOU8CRB8. The Inguscbes are indoatrious, especially the womeOy who not only attend to the donaestic con- cerns, but make clothes for their liutbands, fetch home fire- wood frequently from the distance of eight wersts, and cany very heary burdens over the hills. Almost aill the elevated valleys are desti- tute of wood, which must be brought with great labour from the lofty mountains. This, as I should suppose, is the chief reason ihat their houses are built of stone, with fiat roofs. They whitewash the exterior of their buildings and rowers, though they are not very Tenacious of cleanliness within. They build together in families, and often fortify their viUages witli walls and conical towers from sixty to ninety feet in height. Their fields lie contiguous to their h.ibitations ; the animals which they keep are hogs, sheep, asses, mules, a few horses, and homed cattle ; for the deficiency of pas- turage admits of a small norober only of the latter. For the rest, their wants are few. Wretchedly clad in the Tartar fashion, wrapped winter and summer in felt-cloaks, they have often no other food than raw roots, and are neverthelesa very temperate when the chase affords them better cheer. Tlie oldest persons of the femily sit down first to tlieir repast, and leave those who follow them so much that enough remains, afier they have done, for the children. In the observance of the rights of hospitality, in the poasonion of their property in common^ in the equitable ditiiton of what fortune or accident throwt ih tfadr way, they lose the appearance of tivage life, and seem actuated by more homane sentiments than we ripa'« cioos Europeans who style our- selves polifhed and civilized. They are very meagre, but well grown, swift of foot, strong and indefa- tigable. Freedom, wildness, and gravity, are expressed in their looks. In temper they are violent, but soon pacified again ; and all then* passions are displayed without disguise or restrainr. They con- sider the contempt of life as a virtue, and the slightest symptom of fear as the greatest of Auks ; for which reason they choose rather to lay violent hands on thenraelves than to submit Co the will of another. Their wonMo show the same heroic firmness, of which the following instance came to the knowledge of Cooot John Potocki during his residence on the Line.— An Ingns^ car- ried a yoang female of big own country to Endery with the inten- tion of selling her. A Jew frcm Schirwan ofilered 240 mblet ia Persian stuffs for her, and the bargain was concloded. The boyer and seller withdrew for a moment to look at the goods ; on which the girl thus addressed the hy*standen : *' I am but a poor orphan, whom any one may abuse with impunity. My conductor promised me marriage, and now he M selling me. that be may have silk clothes. But I will take care that he never shall wear ihem.'* With these words the went out into the garden and bung benelf upon a tree. Hunting, war, and maraudng, are deemed by the InguidMs the moit MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. *iS mail repulabla emplojrmeDa of the family of my Kcnwr. and that yooih ) and tbey rob ■( much for too od this rood wbeo it bat rained the uke of honour ai from nc- and the tan loorchei !' The lanw ccsiit/. They have beadi of fa- ceremoDy take* place in chargei milies without authoritj', nad do- of theft, for the In^uKbei aMal quence and abiliiiet alone have oflenerthaD thcylend.-^If a mao'* any inflDcnce over them. Tolawi mm diet, another who bai loat hi* and a itate of ■ubjection they ore dao^ter goei to the father, and Utter (tranger* ; and ia all their layi, " Thy ion will want a wifiB traoBactioni they are governed ia the other vorld( I will givS solely by ancient custom. Tba him my danghter; pay me the father arms bis aon as aoon as he ia price of the oride." Sitcb a de- aUe to defend bicntelf, and then inand is never refiued, even thongli abandons him to his ftte and hit the purchaie of the bride amoaot incliuatjons, to thirty cowi. They take Ave The IngoKhca borrow their and more wires, and after tba names from animals : ibtii, one ii father's death the eldest aoo named Uil, ox ; a second Ciaia. niarrie* theni all except hit own lu^i a third Pot, dog; aud so neither, whom however any of bit fotib. The women have still brothen may take on the tame more abgutar appeUationi, for fiMling. When this tcaodaknui instance, jlssir watnara — she who coslom it reprobated in the pre* rides a calf) Ouiaii teachara — tence pf an Ingnscb, be replies, she wherides a bitch, Jcc. Should " My fttber lay with my mother, 80 Ingufch be indebted to an in- and why thoald not I lie with his dividual belongiag to any of the wile i" neigbbouiiog tritm, and not pay The women of the Kists and him, the creditor goes to hit Ingnicbei are tmill, ttrong and KjHiack, or guest, among the In< tderably bandnroe ; the girls, guscbet, acqosinCs him with tbe adorned with the glow of health, circumatance, and solicits him to are very lively, inqoiiilive and procure the payment of the debt, merry cteatHres. Tbdr hair in with this threat : " If ihoa dott front it cut to tbort at to cover not comply, 1 have brought with only half the forehead, over which me a dog which I will kill upon they tpread it with great care, the gravel of thy family." — Every making it adhere together with luguich trembla at this dreadful white lead. That on >he hinder menace ; and if tbe debtor deoicB part of tbe bead they plait in the debt, be it oUiged to swear teveral braids, which All over tbe that he does not owe it. On this thouldert and down tbe back ; bat occsuion dogs' bones are mixed married women have it done up with the excrements of the tatne in two braids only, each bong animals, and carried to the sacred tied with a silk, woollen or cotton Tock Jerda. Here tbe person fillet, which it patsed round it to charged with the debt tayt with a often that it ii an inch thick near loud voice, "If I deny the truth,; the bead, and diminithet to the may the dead of my family carry otbcrextremity, which juttrescbet ijpon tbeir ifaoulders the dead of to (he topof ilie shift, where both 486 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. are tied together with a ribband. The rest ^ tb^ head-dresa con* aiftt of a T^chefkessian hat, which looks very well before, aod brass^ Copper or glass ear-rings. The shift IS worked at the shoulders and breast^ with silk^ wool or yam of difiereDt colours, to the depth of five inches. Over it they wear « a jacket which reaches to the waist and is fastened with a girdle, atid under the shift long irowsers. These trowaers mark their condi- tion ; married women wear red, widows and old women blue, and jravog unmarried females white irowsers; but allof them are neatly worked at the anclrs in a variety of colours bordered with black. Iq winter, females of all classes wear boots, and iif summer go barefoot. When their household buuness is finished, they employ themselves in making carpets, or felts. They manufacture al&o a slight woollen stuff (Zoka), which serves to clothe themselves as well as their husbands and children. Their method of dancing seems |>eculiar to themselves, as it is not to be met with among the other inhabitants of the Caucasus. A party sitting down in a large circle sing, and accompanied by haut* boys or bagpipes challenge the youngest and ablest dancers to show their activity. Such as choose then throw themselves into a va- riety of dangerous postures, and perform all sorts of antics, one after another. When all the dancers have taken their turn, amidst loud and general plaudits, they join hands, sing, and dance in long files. They frequently form with great dexterity in one large circle, open and close again^ and condode with the aMiie ge- neral anticf with which they-bcig^. That the fair sea maj otft he de* prived of this diversion^ they aaek some blind musician with whom they may amuse thenoselves in some spot at a disfance from the men, without violating the castom which enjoins them to conceal their persons from strangrera of the other sex. The art of writing ia conaideml by the Ingosches aa a mirade wrought by the Chriatian and Mo- hammedan religkms in favour of their professors; thej neverth^ less continue averse to those lefi* gions, though the RosshiD mis« sionaries employed by the Ossedaa Commission took great pains to convert them to the Greek chnidi. Two brothers of this natioo were sold as slaves to the Turks, em* braced the Mohammedan faitb, visited Mecca, and at length re- covered their libertj. RetanuDg to tbdr native land, the^ foond their mother yet alive, and, having converted her, began to pieach with pious zeal againat €be ve> aeration pdd by their coantfymtn to rocks. *' Ye preach a doc- trine," said the Inguaches to thtts, '* which ye learned while alaves ; we*ll have nothing to do with it^ therefore begone, and newer show your faces here again.** The two brothers withdrew oonoolested to another country ; a proof that the religion of the loeuachea is ht more tolerant than the Chriatian. The religion of the Ingoaches is extremely simple; for they wor- ship one God, whom they name Ddle, bat no sainta or other illo^ trious penons. They oeMrste Sunday, not by rdigtooa vrorsbip, but MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 487 but by rest from labonr. In spring tfaef obterve ■ long fast, and in summer one of shorter duration. They have no particular customs either at the birth or death of man, but annually perform general piU griouges to holy places^ most of \i^hich are remains of Christian churches erected in the time of the celebrated Georgian queen Thamar, who reigned from A. D. 1171 to 1 198, subdued most of the Caucasians^ and converted them to Greek Christianity. On such occasions they make (^enngs of sheep, beer, and other things. An old roan of known sanctity, whom they term Zanin stag, or pure man, who is their only priest, and unmarried, has alone the right to offer sacrifices and prayers at •the holy places. A festival of this kind is celebrated with a general feast upon the animals ss- crificed. Of Christianity they retain nothing but a veneration for ancient churches, and a contempt for the Mohammedan religion. Those who resided nearest to the plain of the Kabardah sutTcred themselves to be baptized in the time of the Russian missionaries, but since the suppresbion of the Ossetian commission this has totally ceased. On the south side of tlie valley of the Ingusches that has just been described, upon an eminence at whose foot the two arms of the Assai unite, and on the right arm, IS an ancient building, the object of the great annual pilgrimages of the' whole nation. The Zanin stag, or holy old man, resides near it, and slaughters the animals pre- sented for sacrifice, which are consumed by the pilgrims; the head, horns and bones onlj^ being preserved in the bfiildni|^; - The latter is partly sunk in the eard], and is twenty-three paces in length, seven in breadth, and eighteen feet in height. It is built of smooth hewn stone, but the roof has fallen in. On the west and east side is to be seen a snaall court-yard. The entrance by a gate was on the west side, but is now blocked up with stones : ihe present entrance is by a low door on the south side^ Over the prin^ cipal entrance are some rude figures cut in stone in alto relievo. A roan is represented sitting 00 a chair, and over him on the left a hand proceeds from the clouds holding a rule i by his side stands another figure holding a cross in the left hand and a sabre -in the right. On the other side another figure is carrying bunches of grapes on a pole over his shoulder ; at the side are heads of cheiubs, which are also introduced by way of ornament at the corners. Over the principal figure is seen the facade of a Greek church ; but the ancient Georgian inscription's, which Pallas has mistilken for Gothic, are now wholly illegible. On the east side of the building are two narrow windows, and in the south wall small triangular holes are left Instead of windows. The interior of the edifice is diuk, dirty, and without pavement; and in the middle Is a heap of ashes accumulated from the sa- crifices. Heads with horns, bone^, and broken arrows, are laid up against the sides. On the eas^ sldr are some arches walled np with stone, which are said to oomnvi- nicate with vaults where booitt an<\ 488 ANNUAli REGISTER, 1814, tnd other articles belongiDg to the cfaarch are deposited. 'n>ese placet the Ingusches will not suffer any person to explore. During my ■eoond visit to Mosdok, however, I procured two tattered Greek manuscripts on the Liturgy, on smooth cotton paper, which had been brought away by a Capuchin missionary who had once pene- trated to the country of the In- gusches; they properly belonged to the Catholic mission, but were exchanged with me by the Jesuits for some other books of niore utility to them. The Great Ingusches arc much more hospitable and sociable with strangers than those residing on the Assai, and have borrowed their manners and customs from the Ossetes and Tscherkessians. At entertainments the host always waits upon hts guests, and eats only what the latter throw to him. He sets before them the head and breast at once ; of these each is expected to partake, but the ears are allotted to the boy to remind him of the duty of obedience. After eating the flesh, they drink the broth. I'hey squat round in a circle to the repast, at which ihey ufe nothing but their tingers. Thetr burial-places are vaults of masonry above-ground, with a small aperture on the west side by which the corpse is introduced ; it is afterwards closed with ittones, and the women fasten it with the braids of their hair. For persons killed by lightning, they erect poles to which they attach the head and extended skin of a goat. Respecting the time of their set- tlement in the country which they cow inhabit they are totally ig- norant i but the ruined pburch on the northern hills, at which those offer sacritice who do uot go on pilgrimage to that just described^ evinces a pretty high antiqmty. Their flocks and hrrds are con- siderable, and they have a good breed of horses. The more opu- lent let their cattle, and And this method both safer and more ad- vantageous, i en sheep with ten lambs yield every three years a profit of eight head* so that the owner must receive back twenty- eight head. Should the farmer have the misfortune to lose the sheep, he pays a cow every three years in their stead, till he can return the proper number. For a cow with a calf a sheep is annu- ally given ; and tor a mare a cow, together with half the foals ahe drops ; or in ten years three itheep, the mare with foal, and half the foals dropped during that time. This practice has the authority o£ a tacit law among these people. For a certain tribute al«a ihey take the indigent and defenceleii under their protection. They ob* serve the great fasts of the Greek church, but that is the extent of their knowledge of Christianity. On these occasions they perform their pilgrimages to the holy places, and after harvest to the cavern with the iron cross. They relate many extraordinary stories concerning these sanctuartrs ; and, among the rest, of a vault in the valley of Schalcha, which is bttik of stone. Here a passage is said to lead through nine doors to a cavern, where Jarge books^ a gold candlestick, a chest full of va« luahles, and a man and woman are preserved sound and uninjured. CUA&ACTEK MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 489 [FromF. C. PauqutvilUi Tra^U in iht JUorta, AlLania, and olktr Parts of the Oiloman Ei^ire.} The Morein Greeki, DrinhabU tanU of ibe Moru, are itiong xaaie, robust, snd diilinguiihcd by a cait of features full of espresT Bion, yet, at I have observedf evi^ (leully dcbaBed by slavery. Endow- ed naturally with itTODg talenti, wbicli by circumsiances are divert- ed froin taking a course that woul4 reader Eliem at opce useful and or- namencal to lociety, tbey are pro- found dissemblers, crafty and vain : eitEemely addicted to talking, little dependence is to be placed upon wbat tbey say : cnitriainiog no tcruplet of perjuring thciiMdves, tb^ scarcely utter a word, or traf- fic for tbe most trifling article, ■without invoking a whole legion of Hints as witnetsec to their probity. Gay, lively, inclined to dissipation, tbey make themselves agreeable, as companions, without inspiring coofidsDci; i possessing active ima- gtoations, their language abounds with ornament, with figures, with metaphors, wiib simile* : if they talk of liberty, it is in a strain of exaggeration which would make one telieve that tbcy are ready to undertake any thing, to make any sacrifices in tbe pursuit of it; yet it is too evident that tbe indign^ tion they manifest against their op- pressors, arises less from the desire of enfrauchisemcut than from that of seeing their own mode of wor- ship tbe predominant one. It is but too evident what is to be ex- pected of people actuated by such an ambition. Tbe descendants of Miltiadd and Ciiaoo^ bowed dowa mider the two-fold despotism of ib* Turks and their papas, are wholly incapable of conceiving, or prose- cuting, an enterprise of that bold and generous nature requisite t9 afford a prospect of their restora- tion to the political situation ths country once enjoyed. The m^ d cm Greeks, 1 cannot, alas I hesi- tate to say it, would see nothing in a revolution but the triumph of ibeir religion, without concerning themielvet about political liberty. I most add, that if they bate tb* Turks, they detest much roor^ astonishing v It may seem, the Chrislijns who acknowledge tb* authority of tbe Pope. Thii fact is so certain, that the Gieeks, if asked who they are, always answei Chrvtiant, in the fear that thejr should be takeii for Papists. Thia hatred of fioman aiholict is di^ risbed by their papas, who are continually talking of ihe maledic- tions uttered by the Pope agaioit all who are not hit disciples, and telling dismal stories of the Greeks that die among the Latins being deprived of tbe rights of sepultgre. The Morean women have nn* doubtedly a claim to Ihe prize of beauty, perhaps alto to the palm of virtue. They may probably owe tbe Hist advantage to physical canses not difficult to be assigned. During the greater part of iheyeaf the suu warms the Morea with its benignant rays : the air is fiee from all btunidity, aod charged with tbe perfume of thoiuaods of flowers, IS pure and vivifying, while the temperature is mild and serene as in our finest days of spring. If to this be added the moderate sham of labour to which lilt? n'um^n of ttir V.3U are sub- jfcti-J, 490 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814.. jecled, and the regular lives they the Toice. In tbeir ioogs they do lead,— -in these united cautet a not extol the favours of leve, infficieht reason will be found for they do not arraign the coldness the beauty ivhich has always dii- and inconstancy of a lover | it is f tnguisbed the women of Pdopon- rather a young man who pines nesns. away with love, as the grass is The models which- inspired withered on the house-tops 3 who Apelles and Phidias are still to be complains of the cruelty of his fmind among them. They are inflexible mistress^^-who com- generally tall and finely formed ; pares himself to a bird deprived their eyes are full of fire, and of his mate, to a aolitary turtle they have a beautiful mouth oma- dove j— -who requires all nature, nented with the finest teeth. There in short, to share in his sorrows, ore, however, degrees in their At this long redtal of woes, the beauty, though all in general may companions of the songstress are be called handsome. The Spartan often melted into tears, and quit voman is fiiir, of a slender make, her with warm expressions of but with a noble air ; the women delight at the pleasure they have of Tajgetes have the carriage of received. Fsllas when she flourished her If the Greek women have rc- formidable sgis in the midst of ceived firom the hand of natuie a battle. The Messenian woman the gift of beauty as their oom- 18 low in stature and distinguished mon dower, and a heart that loves for her ettihonpoini; she has re- with ardour and sincerity, ihcy gular features, large blue eyes, and have the defects of b^ng vaio, loAg black hair. The Arcadian, avaricious, and ambitious ; at least in her coarse woollen garment, this is the case with those in the scarcely sufl^rs the regularity of higher ranks of society. Totallj her form to appear ; but her coun- destitute of instruction, tb^ are tenance is expressive of great incapable of keeping np a conver* purity of mind, and her smile is sation in any degree interesfing, the smile of innocence. Chaste nor can supply their want of cdu- as daughters, the women of the cation by a natural playfulness of Morea assume as wives even a imagination which gives birth character of austerity. Rarely intuitively to lively sallies, and after the death of a husband ofbeu charms in women more than whom she loved does the widow cultivation of mind. It may be ever think of coutracting a new said in general that the Grrck engagement. Supporting life with women know nothing : even those difficulty, deprived of the object who are bora in the higher ranks of her affections, the remainder of are ignorant of the art of presidiog her days are often passed in weep- in their own houses ; an art so ing her loss. Endowed with organs well known, and so well practised sensible to melody, most of the in our own country, that a woanin Greek women sing in a pleasing destitute of real knowledge hss manner, accompanying themselves often by this means drawn around with a tetrachord, the tones of her a circle of the noost cultivated which are au excellent sup[K)rt to and most amiable among the other MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. . 491 otheriBL Ai« proof of tbe total raaoA ber nedt, in a little tn- wMit ef «daoM)on among tbe chanted bag, three flowen, on* Grvek women, 1 oaimot help white, another red, and the third adding that I have often heard at yellow. I'tie next moralng the CoDstantinapIe, even from the pati her hand into the bag and moothi of thOM who bore tbe title drawt out one of the flowoa ; if of princeaM«, tbe grouest language it be the white, she is lo nMrry a uMd towards ihair Eervanti, lach yoang man ; if the red, one oV a «u WDold not be endured among middle age j if the yti\ov, t t» but from the vfery lowett drega widower. 8ke ii then to rdat* rf the people. It it not dtfficnlt, what she has dteamt hi the nighl, from this tipecimea, to form an aftd from her dreamc tbe Sibyl idea of ibe cbarm which «ucb lort drawa ocneni, whether the ba*- of female society pretenti to £u- band ia fo be rich, and wbetbe^ ropeana of polished coaoiriei. the marriage ii to prof« bappy or A betieflnsorceryorwitchcrafr, Dot. If tbe prcdicticm be not that great tiumUing>block of ibe accranpHihed, no fault fe erer as- human uDderatanding in all agei cribed to iba oracle ; ehber bn and clhnea, i> cicredingly pre- orders were not exactly obaefved, valent in modem Greece. A num- or tbe Bnnl-tye, has randored tier ber of old Sibyls, withered cor- divinations aborltve. Tfaia £t>i^ eeresses irf the race known among aye, tbe Anmatu* Of the abcie&n, . tu by tbe name of 3obemiana or It a damon the eoemv of all bap^ S^ptiani, the refiiae of Tbetialy, pinets, tbe very name of wbon) t coDDtry erlebrated in all limes terrifiet even the mott courageout. Jbr fnaalemagiciaDa, are in high According to tbe Greeki, Alt fepnte io every part of tbe Hnei. apirit or inviiiUe power it grieved Tbay explain sign*, interpret H all pft}sperity, groans et saocess, dreams, and all tbe delirtout wan^ b Indignant at a plentiful barveit, derings of the imaginatiop. Be- br at the feciitidity of tbe Jkvka, vereoced, feared,c*iesfed, Dotbiog murmurs even against heaven for it dooe without consolting them ; having made a young girl pleating nor is it difficult to concdve how or handsome. In consequence of unbounded an empire thete im- to strange a supcrttilion, no one pottonobtain over imaginations at thinks of coogratiilating anothEr ardent, united with miodt at little upon having handtotne child reo, cultivated atcharacterize tbe Ore- and they carefiilly avcud admiring cian women. the beauty of a neighbour's horte, A yoang woman witbetio know for tbe EvU-etft would veiypro- wbat tort of a bothatid tbe ia to bably at tbe tome iottani afflict have. She coaiolta one of tbete tbe children with a leproiy, or the oraclet of fate, who give* her a horset with lameness. The power pie teiBoned with mint and other of thii geoiut even extends to aromtdc herba gathered from tbe taking away treasures of every nonotaini, Hiit the it to est at kind from those by whom tbey are night intboat drinking, aud go to poetesied. If however, in com- bed inuaedittelyj nrrt banging pliaKoting the beiuty of ibe chil- dren 492 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. dren or the horses, care b taken to talk of gariic or to spit, the charm is broken After ba^ng shown how much the modern Greeks are given up to superstition, and the degree of debasement to which their minds are reduced by the §lavery under which they have so long lan- guished, another feature of their character will appear the more extraordinary \ this is the vanity which all have more or less of being distinguished by the most pompous titles. Nothing is heard among them but the tides of archon, prince, most illn^trious, and others equally high-sounding ; the title of His Holiness is given to their papas. The child accus- tomed to forget the most en- dearing of all appellations^ the wife forgetting that which she ought most to cherish, salute the father and the husband with the title of Signor, at the same time kissing his hand. This name, which is only a term of submission, is by the pride of the Greeks preferred to all others, for the very reason that it seems to acknowledge so- periority in the peraoo to whom it is addressed. It is from this, sentiment of vanity that those Greeks who have acquired any knowledge ot the history of their country, speak with so much pride of the an- cient relics still scattered over it. According to the affinity which may be found in their names to any of those celebrated in anti- quity, they call themselves the de- scendants €3i Codrus, of Phidias, of Tbemistocles, of Belisarios. The same sentiment leads them to hoprd up oumey, that they may be enabled at last to purchase some situation which shall give them tlie power of domineering over their brethren ; and this achieved, it is by no means unusoal to see them become more insolent and tyrannical towards them than the Turks themselves. They justify in this respect but too fully the common saying, that the Tork has no better instrument for infoiciSf slavery than the Gre^k. NATURAL r *93 1 NATURAL HISTORY. Earthouakis and trbix Cavsis. [From ji, de UumholdVs fersanal * Narrative of Travels^ translated ky Helen Maria WilUams.'] IT is a very old and commonly receifcd opinion at Comana^ Acapulco^ and Lima, that a per- ceptible connection exists between earthquakes^ and the state of the atmosphere that precedes these phsenomena. On the coast of New Andalusia, the inhabitants are alarmed, when, in excessively hot weather, and after long drooghts, the brreze suddenly ceases to blow, and the sky, clear, and without clouds at the zenith, exhibits, near the horizon, at six or eight degrees elevation, the appearance of a red- dish vapour. These prognostics are however very uncertain; and when the whole of the meteorolo- gical variations, at the tiroes when the Globe has been the most agi- tated, are called to mind, it is found, that violent shocks take place equally in dry and in wet weather ; when the coolest winds blow, or during a dead and suffocating calm. From the great nnmber of earth- quakes, which I have witnessed to the north and south of the equator; on the continent, and in the basin of the seas ; on the coasts, and at 3500 roises height ; it appears to me, that the oscillations are gene- rally very independent of the pre- vious state of the atmosphere. This opinion is embraced by a number of enlightened persons, who inha- bit the Spanish colonies; and whose experience extends, if not over a greater space of the globe, at least to a greater number of years than mhie. On the contrary, in parts of Enrope where earthquakes are rare compared to America, natu- ral philophers are inclined to ad- mit an intimate connection between the undulations of the ground, and certain meteors, which accidental- ly take place at the same epocha. In Italy, for instance, the sirocco and earthquakes are suspected to have some connection; and at London, the frequency of fiilltng stars, and those southern lights, which have since been often ob- aerved by Mr. Dalton, were consi- dered as the forerunners of those ahocks, which were felt from 1748 to 1 756. On the days when the earth if shaken by violent shocks, the re- golarity of the horary variations of the barometer is not dbturbed un- der 494 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. der tbo tropics. I have verified again, and accnmnUiles into dr this observation at Camana* at Lt* ?ated bills. At aeveo leagoet frooi ma, and at Riobamba ; and it is so Lisbon, near Colarea, daring the much the more worthy of fixing terrible earthquake of the fint of the attention of nataral philoso- November* 1 755, flames and a oo- phers, as at St. Domingo, at the lumn of thick smoke were aeen to town of Cape Fran<;2oi8, it is asserted isMze from the flaolu pf the rocki that a water barometer was observ- of Alvidras, and^ according to some ed to sink two inches and a half witnesses, from the bosom of the immediately before the earthquake aea. This smoke lasted several dayi, of 1770. In the same manner it and it was the more abundant ia i% related, that, at the time of the proportion as the subterraneoos destraction of Oran, a druggist fled noise, which accompanied the with his fiimily, because, observing shocks, was louder, accidentally, a few minutes before Elastic fluids thrown into the at- the earthquake, the height of the mosphere may act locally oa the mercury in his bar(Mneter, he per- barometer, not bj their warn, ceived that the column sunk ia an which is very small, conapared to extraordinary manner. I know not the mass of theatmoaphere; bot whetherwecangtvecredittothisas- because, at the moment of the sertion: but as it is nearly impossible great explosions, an ascendiiig*cnr* to examine the variations of the rent is probably formed, which £• weightof the atmosphere during the minishes the pressure of the air.— shocks, we must be satisfied in oh- I am inclined to think, that in the serving the barometer before or af- greater part of earthquakes nothing ter these phenomena have taken escapes from the agitated earth; place. In the temperate zone, the and that, where gaseoos cmMS- aurora boroslis does not always mo- tions and vapours take place, they dify the variatien tf the needle, oftener accompany, or fdlow, thaa and the intensity of the magnetic precede the shocks. This lattdr- forces. Perhaps also earthquakes do cumstance explaina m fiMrt, n^iidi not act constantly in the same man* seems indubitable, I meso that ner on the air that surrounds us. mysterious influence, in eqoinectial We can scarcely doubt, that the America, ^ earthquakes on the earth, when opened and agitated by climate, and on the order of the f bocks, spreadso ccasionally gase- dry and rainy seasons. If the eaith ons emanations through the at- geneially act on the air only at ths mosphere, in places remote firom moment of the shecka, we can ooD- the mouths ofvoleanoesnot extinct, cetve why it is so rare^ that a sea- AtCamana, as we have already ob- sible meteorological changa ba* served, flames and vapours mixed comes the piesage of theae gitst with sulphurous acid spring up revol^tiona of nature, from the most arid soil. In other The hypotheaia aoootdiag to parts of the same province, the which, in the earthqaakesor Ob- earth ejects water and petroleum, mana, elaatic fluids tend to eKsp At Riobamba a muddy atod inflam- from the mihce of the soil, saeos mable noass, which is called mtya, confirmed by the observatioa flf issues from crevices that close the dreadful noise, which b heard durioc r «3 1 NATURAL HISTORY. the nortb and lonthoflheeqiutort cui the continont, and in the besin oftbeicH; on the coaiU, and at 3500 toMt height ; it appean to [From A. A HHmboUt't ferional me, that the oaollatioDi are gene- ■ Nitrratiiie of Travels, tranilaltd rally very independent ofthe pre- iy /jr/fli Maria fKlliaiiu,'] ?iou( iiate of the atmocphere. Tbit opinion ia embraced by a Dumber IT if a very old and commonly of enlightened penoni, who inha- received opinion at Comana, bittheSpaniihcoloniesjand vbose Acapnlco, and Lima, that a per- experience eatendt, if not over a ceptible connection exitta between greater tpaoe of the globe, at lea it earilujuakes, and the alala of the to a greater number of yean than atmosphere that precede* the»e mine. On the contrary, in partt pb«i)o>nena. On ihecoaat of Neir of Enrape where earthqnakea are Andaluria, the inhabitants are rare compared to America, natn- alarmed, when, in eacettively hot ral philophers are Inclined to ad- weaiber, and after long drooghli, mit an intimate connection betvceo the bireze auddenly cease* to blow, the aDdulationt of the groand, and and the iky, clear, and without certain meteors, which acddental- ciouda at the zenith, exhibiis, near ly take place at the same epocha. the horizon, at six or eight degrees In Italy, for initance, the sirocco deration, the appearance of a red- and earih(]Liakes are suspected to diib vapour. These prognostics have lomc connection) and at arc however very uncertain ; and London, the frequency of Ailing when the whole of the roeteorolo- stars, and tlioae soutbem lights, gical varialioDB, at ibe times when which have since been oAen ob* (he Globe has been the most agi- served by Mr. Dalton, were codsI- taied, are called to mind, it is fou^, dercdastbe forerunners of those that violent shocks take place abocks, which were felt from 1748 equally in dry and in wetweaiher; to 1 756. when the coolest winds blow, or On the days when the earth i* duiiug a deed and suffocating calm, shaken by violent shocks, the re- From the great nnmber of earth- golarity of the horary variations of quakei^ which I have wilneaed to the barometer is not dUturbed un- der 49A ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. ttance^ before the great catastro- Terra Firma, in the golf of P&ria. pheof 1797, the earthquakes were at Carapano, at Cariaco* and at felt only along the souihrro and Cumana, are proofs of the aooer- calcarious coast of the gulf of Ca- tainty of this opinion. tiaco, as far at the town of this In New Andalusia, at wcU «s to name ; while in the peninsula of Chili and Peru, the ahocks follow Araya, and at the village of Mani- I be course of the shore; and ex- quarez, the ground did not par- tend hut little inland. This dr- take oftbe same agitation. The in- cumstance, as we shall soon 6nd. habitants of this northern coast, indicates an intimate connection vrhich is composed of mica-slate, between the causes that produce built their huts on a motionless earthquakes and Tolcanic erop- earth ; a gulf three or four thou- tions. If the earth was most agi- iand toises in breadth separated tated on the coasts^becaose t^y them from a plain covered with are the lowest part of the land, ruins, and overturned by earth- why should not ihe oscillations be quakes. This security, founded on equally strong andfrequent on those the experience of several ages, has vast savannahs or meadows, which vanished ; and since the 14th of are scarcely eight or ten toises December, 1 797, new communica- above the level of the ocean ? tions appear to have been opened The earthquakes of Cumana are in the interior of the globe. At connected with those of the West present the peninsula of Araya is India Islands ; and it baa evea not merely subject to the agita- been suspected, that they have tions of the soil of Cumana, the some connection with the volGanic promontory of mica-slate is become phsenomena of the Cordilleras of in its turn a particular centre of the the Andes. On the 4th of Novem- movements. The earth is some- her, 1797, the soil of the province times strongly shaken at the village of Quito underwent soch a de- of Maniquarez, when on the coast stracttve commotion, that, nor- of Cumana the inhabitants enjoy withstanding the extreme feeUe- the m6nt perfect tranquillity. The ness of the population of that coon- gulf of Cariaco nevertheless is only try, near 40,000 natives perished, sixty or eighty fathoms deep. buried under the ruins of their It has been thought from obser- houses, swallowed up in the vations made both on the continent vices, or drowned in lakes that and in the islands, that the western were suddenly formed. At the and southern coasts are most ex- same period, the inhabitants of the posed to shocks. This observation eastern Antilles were alarmed by is connected with the ideas which shocks, which continued during geologists have long formed of the eight months, when the Tolcanoof positionoftbe high chains of moun- Guadatoupe threw out pomice tains, and the direction of their stones, ashes, and goats of salphore- steepest declivities ; the existence ous vapours. This erupt loo oftbe of the Cordillera of Caracas, and 27th of September, during whieb the frequency of the oscillations on very long continued tabterraocoos the eastern and nortlieni coast of noises were heard, ^'as followed oa the NATURAL HISTORY, ^m the I4ib of December by Ibe great cartbqoake of Cumdna. Another volcano of tbe West India Islands, that of St. Vincents, has lately given a fresh instance of these extraordi- nary connections. This volcano had not emitted flames since 1718, wbenthty burnt forth anew^tn 181s. The total ruin of the city of Cara- cas preceded this explosion thirty- tive days, and violent oscillations of the ground were felt, both in tlie islands, and on the coasts of Terra Firtna« . It has long been remarked, that the rfffCts of great earthquakes ex- tend much farther than the pbas- Domena arising from burning vol* canoes. In studying the physical revolutions of Italy, carefully exa- mining the series of the eruptions of Vesuvius and £tna, «e can scarcely recognize, notwithstand- ing the proximity of these moun- tains, any traces of a simultaneous action. It is on the contrary doubt- less, that at tbe period of the last and preceding destruction of Lis- bon, the sea was violently agitated even as far as the New World, for instance, at the island of Barba- does, roort: than twelve hundred leagues distant from tbe coasts of Portugal. Several facts tend to prove, that tbe causes which produce earth- quakes have a near connection with tbose that act in volcanic erup* tions« We learnt at P^sto, that tbe column of black and thick smoke, which, in 17979 issued for several months from the volcano near this shore, disappeared at the very hour, when, sixty leagues to the south, tbe towns of Biebamba> Hambato, and Tacunga were over- turned by an enormous shock.— When, in the intetior of a burn- Vol. LVI. ing crater, we are seated near' those hillocks formed by ejectknii of scorise and ashen. We feel tbef motion of the ground several se^ conds before each partial ermptiovi takes place. We observed thii phaenomenon at Vesuvius in 1805, while the mountain threw out sco- ris at a white heat } we were wit- nesses of it in 1812, on the brink of the immense crater of Pichin- cha, from which nevertheless at at that time clonds of sulphureous acid vapours only issued. £vei7 thing in earthqnaket seems to indicate tbe action of elaa* tic fluids seeking an outlet to spread themselves in the atmosphere.—- Often, on the coasts of the SoQth Sea, the actioti is almost instanta- neously commtinlcated from Chili to tbe galf of Guayaquil, a distance of six hundred leagues > and, what is very remarkable, the shocks ap« pear to be so much the stronger, as the country is more distant from burning volcanoes. The granitic mountains of Calabria, covered with very recent breccia, the calcare- ous chain of the Apennines, tbe country of Fignerol, tbe ceasts of Portugal and Greece, those of Peru and Terra Firma, afford strik- ing proofs of thii assertion. The globe, it may be s^d, is agitated with greater force, iti proportion at the surface has a smaller numbeir of funnels communicating with tbe caverns of the interior. At. Na- ples and at Messina, at the foot of Cotcpaxiand of Tunguragua,e9rth« quakes are dreaded only when va- pours and flames do not issue from tbe crater. In tbe kingdom of Quito, the great catastrophe tif Riobamba> which we have befof^ mentiomd, has led several well- informed persons to thinks that 2K this 498 ANNUAL REGISTER, l«14. tbift uDfortooate cooDtry would be IcsftofWo deiobce, if the flublerra*> neoma fire would break xhc por- pbyritic domcot Chimborazo; and if tbii oolofisal mountain should be- come a burning volcano. At all tirocp aoalogoua facts have led to the same hypothesis. The Greeks, ^ho, like ourselves^ attributed the oscillations of the ground to the tension of elastic fluids, cited in favour of their opinion the total cessation of the shocks at the ii»land of Eubosa, by the opening of a crevice in the Lelaotine plain. [An Account of a Family having Hands and Feet with sufemume* Tory Fingers and Toes. By Ak- THONY Carlisle^ Esq, F,R,S. In a Letter addressed to the Right Hon, Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K^B. P.i2.S.— (From the Philo- sophical Transactions for 1814, part i.) Dbar Sir,— The fbltowing ac- count of a fiimily having hand^ 2ind feet with supernumerary ling- ers and toes, and the hereditary transroiision of the same peculia- rity to the fourth generation, ap- pciars to be worth preserving, since it displays the influence of each of the propagating sexes } the male and the female branches of the ori- ginal stem bating alike reproduced this redundancy of parts. I have carefully inspected two persons of this family at the time of their be- ing in London, namrought the pecQliarit)!^ int» hu ^mily. Her maiden name was Abigail Green.: she iMWcverhad not the extra finger oD' one- of her bands; the aihet hand and ber feet were simllaiiy marked with those of her fon Abiah. David Coiburn, the firther of Abiah, bad no pmmliarity. By his marriage with Abigail Green, he had three sons and one daogbter. Two of these sons and the daughter were fully marked in all the limbt; the other son had one hand and one foot naturally formed. Abigail Green inherited these supernumerary limbs from her mo- ther, whose maiden name was — - KendaU, and she had five fingers and a thumb upon each hand, and six toes on each foot. The marriage of -— — Kendall with Mr. — Green produced eleven children, whom Abiah Col- bum's mother, wlu) was one of the eleven, reports to have been all completely marked : but the pre- sent family are unacquaiDtcd with and they dondt pos8esa'8ii7 kfltovr* ledge of their ancesSors beyond* Kendall, the great gfshld^- mother of Zerah CoSanii* Numerous ennpteaof die het>- reditary prapagatloo of peeuliiritiei have been- recopdad : all fymiiy-n^ sembhmces, indeed, however tri*' fiing they may appear to a coaamon- obsnrer, areinterestiog to the y^**^ siologtst, and eqoalty cerkiusi' though not so rareas tboMdescrlb^; ed in the preceding hittorjr. tot eveiy department of animal naftnv,* accomulafion d fiicts mast afwaya' be desirable, that more reasonable' inductions may be established con- cerning the Uwa which direct this' interesting part of creation : and' it might be attended witih the most important consequences; if (Hscovery could be made of the re- lative influence of the male an^' female sex in the propagation of peculiarities, and the course and extent of hereditary cfaancteir vonU ' be ascertained; both as it affects the human race in their meral and' physical capacities, and aiitgo^^^ vems the creatures which are sub- dued for civilized uses. Nor* is it altogether vain to expect that more profound views and more applica* ble facts await the researches of men, who have as yet only ba^pit to explore this branch of natund' history, by subjecting it- to physi- cal rules. Though the causes which govern^ the production of oiganic monstro- sities, or which direct the heredi- ' tary' continuance of them; niay' for ever remain unknown, it stlU ^ seems desirable to ascertain the' variety of those deviations, and to mark the course tbgy take, where they branch out anew^ and where 3 K 2 they .r» ADO ANNUAL llEGISTER, 1814. Xhcy terminate. There is doubt* leM a general tystem in even the erron of nature, as is abundantly evinced by the regular seiies of nnonstrowt/ e&bibited both in ani* . tnalft and Tegetablet. II has happened in ooy profrs* uooal capacity^ that I have had to extirpate a suptrnuBnerary thumb fiom. each of the bands of two girls, who were both ideots, though the families to whom they belong- ed were unknown co each other. — I have seen many instances of su« pernumerary thumbs and supernu* tary fingers in persons to whom the singularity was not hereditary, and I have read of many others ; but whether of my own esperi- ence, or of authentic record, the n 4undancy has been on the outer bide of the little finger, and outer kide of the thumb, never on the back or inside of the hand, or on the sides of the intermediate fing- ers : and in similar cases as to the toes, the rule has been invariably the same. In, the Sacred Writings an example of this kind is given, II Samuel, ch. xxi. ver. 20. *' And there was yet a battle in Gatb, where was a man of great stature, tbflt had on every hand six fiuk^ers, at local jesembljnces,at3ch m tiiose pf cxtaujl (>arts, the haudv^ the feet, the nose, the ears, and the eyt*hfowt%, are hereditary, ia well known \ and it is almost equally efi<« dent, that some parts of the internal structure are in like manner trans- mitted by propagation : we fre- quently see a family form of the legs and joints, which gives a pe- culiar gait, and a family character of the shoulders, both of which are derived from an hereditary simila- rity in the skeletons. Family voictrs are also very common, and are as- cribable to a similar cause. Ap- parently many of oar English sur- names have been taken from the hereditary peculiarities of families^ and the same practice existed among the Romans. Pliny, io hit eleventh book, chap.xliii. relates an instance of a Roman poet, named Volcatius, who had six fingers on each hand, and received the surname of Sedi- gitus in consequence. He abo states, that two daughters of a uMt Uoman, named M. Curiatius, had each bix fingers, and that they took- the surname of Sedigitae. PersoDi who had the surname of Flaccuk were Ko called from their pendu- lous ears ; and numerous other in- stances are recorded by classic writers of surnames being derived from family marks. Anatomical researches have net been so generally extended as 10 determine the prevalence of inter- nal peculiariiics, and perhaps they do not r&icb to the sanguineous system. I have known two in- stances, in twodifierent &milie!^ of the high division of the brachial arteries having .the ulnar branch placed above Uie fiiada of the bi- ceps muscle at the inner bend of the elbows, and yet the father, the mother, the brotben and sisters of those two persona were net so de- formed. NATURAL HISTORY. termed. Thow marki called juevi whtfcnri, which are dermgement* of ihe laaguiDcoiis veweli. src not hereditary, whilit len remarkable charge) in the ordinary ikln are often 10 I have lately icen a man, and who ii now living, who has a snull pcndiiloui fold attached lo ibeikin of bii upper eyelid, and the Mice peculiarity haibeen tran*- nitted to hii four children. It would have been interetling lo icnow, whether any limiUrity of ■Ciucture exiited in the Camiliei of the Iwa i^re euinplet of a total trampuution of the abdominal and thoracic viscera. (Pbil. Trini. for 1674, No. cvii. p. 146, by Dr. Sainton, and vol. Imiu- p. 350.) lu particular breed* of autniaii, the cliaractetiatic signs are gene- rally cootitnied, whether tbcy be^ long to the horns of kine, tbe fleccei of sheep, tlic prqwrlions of horses, ibe Extensive vnrietlei of dogt, or tbe ears of twine. In China tho varieties of gold and silver fishes are carefully propagated, and with us, what are vulgarly called "fancy jMgeoiu" are bred into matt whim- ■ical dcviatioQt from their patent alock. As wild animali and plants are not liable to the tame variilions, and 31 all tlic vaTiaiiooi seem to in> crease with the degree of artiticial resiraitit impoaed, and as certain animals Ixcome adapted bjr e\Lra- ordinary changes to extraordinary condition!, it may ttill be eapecied that sotne leading fact will even- tually furnish a clue, by which or- ganic vtriciiea may be belter ex- plained. A few generations of wild rabbits, or ofpheatanti ondtr tjie influence of coofin«fuent, break tbeir natural colours, and leave tbe fur tifd fqUlwxs of their fnlti|c pro- 201 geny oDcertainly Tiriegated. Th« very remarkable cfaangeaoftiie co- lour of the fur of the bate, and the fealberi of the pailiidge, in high northern latrtudei, during tho p^^^- valenceoftbemow.sndtheadaptg-' tion of that change of cdonrtotbeir better security, are coincidence* out of the coune of chance; and not eanly explained by oar preienf fUte of phviical knowledge. I have the honour, to bcj Dcariir, Your much obliged and obedient servant, AkTHOKY CAlLItL% To the Right Hon. Sir J. Banks, Bart.K.B. P.B.S.fcc. So»B AccouxT or th> Iilimd OF TBMMtm. From Memoiri if tht Gmtogkal SocKty. IBs Ih* Hm. Hmry Gny BenutU, M. P. F. R. S. Presuital,'] The inland of TeUcriffe U the ■ principal iiland of the seven in the Weitem Ocean, that are called ge- nerally by the name of the Cana- ries. It lies north-east by loulh- wett, and is in length from the Putila dtlHiJaigo to the Montana Roxa, its northern and touthem eatremitiei, atwut 70 English mile* j its greatest breadth not ex- ceeding 30. Tbe superBcics ma/ be coniidered as coutaioing eighty square leagues. Tbeialind narrows at its north- eastern and widens conniderably at itssoutli-westerneairemity. About the centre of the latter, orperhaps to describenioreaccurately.tothe west- ward of the central point, is the mouolain called by tbeSpaniatdte/ pirn di TUde, but better known' by S02 ANNUAL REGISTER, lfil4. br the name of the PeakcfTehe* t^e, and which is the highest land not aifly in the island, but jn qII irhe Canaries} the mean mposed sf {av^ gcne^ly of the bait^ formation, naixed with beds of tufaand pumice. From Hidalgq point to that of Teoo, tlie taost westerly point of the islimd, the strata vary from beds 4]f pumice and decomposed lava and ash, which form the plains of Lagana Ticar route and Songal, to streams and currents and headlands of lava si- milar to those of the Barnmoo Hon- do, San Ursula, Las Hovcas, and Las Goanchas. The jlope from the central chain is lure gradoal, intersectrd by ravines and streams of lava. The «oil famed for its fertility and which produces the Teneri^fe wine, is compesed of lava and ash in a state of decomposi- tion. Headlands, aome of dieaii fiom two to three bnadjred feet in height, project into the aea between San Ursula and Orotavm» feroiipg perpendicular difi. A^t the west- em extremity of the islmnd from Punta di Teno to Vaerto de los Christianos, the strata rise in a broken ridge to the Peak, the land ascending gradnalfy from Pnnu dc Teno by a ciiaia of snaall pei^ hills; the point itself being very low and projecting as a promootory into the sea. l%e declination of the strata is similar from the Beak to Puerto de los Christiaiios. This south-westerly chain is broken into many abrupt ridges, and is cot nearly perpendicular down to the sea. 1 could not |>eioetye any base or shelf as on the other aides of the Peak, from which the oooe arpia, but the fall is regular though staep. From Puerto de los Chriscianps to Santa Cruz, compriang the sooth- bro and south-eastern. sidea of the island, the fona is siaiUar to tlMt io the vicinity qfOrolam, botltii barren«nd deaothrte, Wd WMtt by itifumsofiawu ialiieriimt^fMi NATURAL HISTORY. sM of I fe« leagoet I oonnted no leu itances than thoM of JEUul and ihan seven cones of extinct volca* Vctuvius; ibey are in some places noes, and ibe countrj it covered exposed to view in ihe vallieg »■• With scoria, exhibiting no appear- milar to those of the Corral in the ance of cultiue, and hardly any of Island of 'Madeira, The valley of VcgeiatioD; it is more broken into Lai Guanchai on the north-vest Tavinei and nnore intersected by side of the Peak, contains, accord- hva torrents than on any of the ing to M. Escolar.above loosfrata other sides of Ihe island. Nunter- of lava, the one reposing npon the tm peaked and conical mountains ufher, at ttmes alternating with Ti«e upon the slope of the chain, pomice and tnfa. The depth t£ And the whole cointry is covered these strata varies. M. Etcolac fay scoria, and is one cootinned has seen one of basaltic lava be- Btream of lava. The Montana tween too and 150 feet in depth in Hoaa itself is a singular example one solid mass, cellular at the sur- of the dislocation of strata so com- fcce, but gradnalty becomiftg more moDly found in countries of volca- compact towards the bottom. Thit nic formation ; it is evidently a slip basaltic lava contains oliTioe and or fall of semi-colamnar lava, and hornblende, and tn the caves on xbe slopes into the sea at an highly in- coast, zeolite. This sobslance is fllined angle. also found in stalactites and in The ordinary strata of the island masses, sometimes in layers spread are as follows, reckoning from be- between the strata and dlfluted low upwards: ist. the porphyritic over the rock, lava covered by scoria and some- Nodules of chalcedony are nme- times by pumice. This lava is times also fennd, but these sub- compoH^ of hornblende and feld- Stances occur only In the chain of spar, and contains no other sub- mountains towards the north-east, stance. The next itratum gradu- from the northern extremity of atee into what the Spaniards call Santa Cruz to Ibepointof Hidalgo. BoccaotrJe «r grtenstone, and is The lavas of the island are of an composed of feldspar and horn- endless variety, and the number of blende; upon this it generally a streams that have flowed are much thick stratum of pumice, and last beyond all enumeratioQ. ITis of alt towards (he surface is the ha- whole surface is either ash, or aolit) saltic lava covered also by tufa and or decomposed lava, which aeemt atb. This lava decomposes the again and again to have been per- Bocmest. It also contains the great- forated by volcattic eruptions) the est variety of eKtrsneoui substances, number of small extinct volcanoes and it sometimes divided by a layer is prodigiont, they are to be fbtmd of large crystals of olivine some in all par^ of the island, but.tEw inchesIong,and towanls thenortli- stream that hat flowed from «vea east is often intersected by strata the laigest of them, such as tho of porphyritic slale. lliese tam lava of thePeakcallede/ 31ii/j'air, are more earthy and cellular than is trifling in comparison with that those which I haie had an oppor- Immense mass of lava mouutaiat tunity of observing elaewbere, yet which constitute the central ch;^ ihey flonuia fewer evtrsMont tab- of tbc island, and wliich'itretcb ouk SOi ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814- at beadlandt like those of las Hor* cat and San Ursula. I never found in situ those masses of columnar basaltic rock that are so common in the island of Madei- ra : but in the valley of las £spe- ranzas, in the chain of hllU to the north-eastward of the town of San- ta CrusB^ they lie scattered about in considerable numbers^ and M. Escolar told me that he had SQcn strata of them to a considerable ex- tent, exhibiting with precision the columnar baaaltic form> the mo- dern lavas of the Peak are all basal- tic ; that of 1 704 is decidrdly so, as well as that of 1798, though not exhibiting any prismatic form. — Prisms of basaltic lava are yet found on the peak : I picked up one, though tnere are no strata of them to be met with. The mctaU are rare, and afford but little variei)-; specular and micaceous iron^ black and grey nipngauese, are all that have hitherto been discovered. The Mits that are so common on Vesu- vius, are here seldom met with. Augiie is also rare, and mica and Irucite, though carefully sought afr ter, have hitheito not been found. In that part of the island between ] aguna and Tacaronte, where there are few streams of lava, the soil is evidently volcanic. I examined maoy of the clods that were turned bp by the plow, and found them all alike : they contained much strong clay, with crystals of feld- spar, olivine, and specular iron. — Ij^. Gillan. who accompanied Mr. Barrow ahc) Sir G. Staunton, has advanced an opinion, (hat between Laguna anH Matanizos there are no signs of volcanic Joirmation. Tliat the currents of lava occur but sel- dom is most true; but the moun- ^!us in the vicinity of Laguna are all volcank:, and one -has a visible crater; besides, the assert ioo woaJd prove too much ; for it would g» to maintain that the CampagaK Felice, as well as the plaios of Oi- tania, were not created by the ash and pumice eruption of Vesuvius and ^ina. The bed of soil is here very deep. I examined some ra» vines that the rain had laid open to the depth of 30 or 40 feet: the strata were indurated at the bottom, and resembled the tufa in the irici- nity of Naples, and all contained the substances mentioned above-— This tufaccous character, changes as you ascend the hill that separates Laguna from Santa Cruz i ihe hill itself, and the whole neighbourhood of the latter city^ is one continued stream of lava, hardly at all decom- posed, with little or no vegetation; but here and there in the hollows bome few stunted plants of the aloe algarvensis, and the cyti^ius. Having given a grneral ai count of the island, I shall now attempt to describe the country of the Peak, which ni:>ontain I ascended on the J 6th of September, 1810. The road from Puerto Oroiava to the city of Orotava, is a gradual and easy 6lo|)e for three or four miles, through a highly cultivated coun- try. The soil U composed of ¥o] which ihrah rises to the height of 1 8 or 2 o feet . Some of the stems are as thick as the arm of a man^ joined together in bunches or tuftk like the common heath. The form of this forest is oblong ; it co- vers the flank of those hilh which I hayeaJready denominated the cen- tral chain from their summit to half their elevation from the plain.-— The soil here is deep, and formed of decomposed lava, small ash, and pumice. I examined ncveral chan- nels in the strata or ravines worn by the rains, and there was noap- jxtaratice of any other rock. Leav- ing this forest^ ifie track parses over a series of green hills which we traversed in about two hours, and at last hiihed to water our mutes at a spot called ei barranco delpino dt la meruenda, where there is a small spring of bad and brackish water issuing from a lava rock. The ravine is of considerable depth. After the vegetable earth, which is two or three feet deep, a layer of iiifa succeeds, which is followed by a lava of a greyii»h-bliie colour^ 30 or 40 feet in df pth. it is compact, cputains olivine, and the strata lap over each other« but shew no ap- .pearance of columnar formation. The range of green hills extends a roileort wo further, the soil shallow- ing by degrees^ more lava and scoria shewing themselves on the surface, the ravines or channelsj, worn by the rains, becoming more common, the trees and shrubs gradually dwindling in size, and of them all the Spanish broom alone at length covers the ground. Leaving be- hind us this range of green hills, the track, still ascending, leads, for several hours, across a steep and difficult mass of lavt rock, broken ^era and there into strange and fantastic forms, worn into*deep ra« viries,and scantily covered in places by a thin layer of yellow pumice. l*he surface of thecoontry, for miles and miles around, is of this one continuous stream of lava ; the rents or ravines of which seem to be formed panly by the torrents from the hills flowing for so many ag6s, and partly from that tendency, characteristic of a lava current, to keep itself up in embankments, and in its cooling process to open out into those hollows which 1 have uniformly found in every eruption of lava that I have had an oppor* tunity of examining. This lava is cellular beyond any I have ever seen, is of a clayey earthy porpl\y« ritic composition, and contains few, if any, pieces of olivine, though here and there feldspar in a semi- crystallised form. As we proceed- ed on our road, the hills on our lef^, though broken at times in deep ra- vines, gradually rose in height tiM the summits were lost in those of the central chain, while on our right we were rapidly gaining an elevation above the lower range of the peak. This range forms one flank of the plain or valley of Oro- tava, stretching from south-east to north-west, and is broken into steep precipices, cut down in some places perpendicular to the hori* zon, and called las Horcas : it joins the central chain at the high ele- vation of thepum:oe plains, sweeps down the side of the valley, an4 forms a headbnd near 200 feet high projecting into the sea, som6 miles firora Orotava $ we traversed this country an hour or tivo, till we reached the point of intersec- tion of las Horcas with the plain* of pumice. On the road are seve- ral small conical bills or mouths of extinct 506 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. <^xtinct volcanoes, the decomposed .^ava on (he edges of these craters .ha%'iDg a strong red ochtruus tint ; by degrees the lava bcctmies more and more covered by a small ash, and the masses or lieaps of pumice gradually increase, till the surface n completely concealed. At length 3D imnieuse undulated plain spreads .itself, like a fan, on all sides nearly as far as the eye can reacb, and this ^laiii isboanded on the west south- west, and south south-west, by tlie regioiis of the peak ; and on the cast and north east by a range of -ibleep perpendicular precipices and mountains, many leagues in ch*- cumference, called by the Spaniards lias Faldas. M. Escolar informed .me that the wall could be traced for many leagues, tlie whole cir- cumference of which evidently formed the side of an immense cra- ter. This tract, called Las Cana- les, contains, according to the same ILuthority, 1 2 square leagues. As we entered this plain from the aouth-west, there are to be seeii aeveral declivities of lava and strata, broken inwards towards the plain, and evidently a continuation of the Above-mentioned line of wall and the remains of the original crater. There is here no appearance of co- lumnar formation, the lava being xarthy and porphyritic ; this con- tinuity of wall, at present so easy to be traced, may be considered as forming the sides of one immense prater, from which perhaps origi- nally the lavas of the island flowed, which might have thrown up the pone of the peak, and covered these wide-spreading plains or elaiuirtts with the deep beds of ashes and pumice. On this plain or deiart, for we had long left all shew of ve- getgdoa^ e3(cept 9 itw.atttnied plants of Spanidi broom, a sensible change was felt in tbe atinospbere; the wind was keen and sharp, and the climate like that of £ngiand, in the months of autumn. All bens was sad, silent, and soSitftry. We saw at a distance the fertiie plains on the coast, lying as it were under our ieet, aird aAordiDg a cbeeifol contrast to the scenes oif deio^lioQ with which we were surroonded ; we were already 7 or 8000 fert above the level txf tbe sea, and bad readied tlie bottom of tbe second region of the peak. ImmeBsc masses of lava, some of tliero msay hundred tons in weight, lie scatter* ed on these pumice plains. Same are broken by their fall, and all wear the appearance of having been projected by volcanic force. Hieit composition is uniformly porphy* ritic, with large masses of feldspar; the whole compact and heavy, and bearing no resemblance to the earthy lava we had seen in such abundance prior to .cmr entering these pumice plains. Many of these masses are completely vitrified, while others only shew marks of incipient vitrification ; bot from their site and fracture, from the in* sulated state in which they lie, from there being no appearance of lava in a stream, from tbe pwnioe bed being very deep, (and in oos place I saw it exposed to a depth of between 20 and 30 ftet), fnm all these facts taken together, there can be little doubt that these masses were thrown out of the mooiilain when that lava flowed, whidi is of simikur sabstanop, sod which ii caUed by thefipaniafda BlJkU Mi. Having reaidbcd the end of lbs plain we foimd oondves at tbs bottom of a sleep bi)l» st the fiiot jof wbipb 14 a mass or coneiit df lava NATURAL HISTORY. Sor lava which tun flowed from the which wehad yet taatcendtovcT- bigbcr regions of the pe^> ^oA cd awfdily above our bead", wbHe which comtituMt the eaitcin ttdow, the mountains that had ap- bnnch (^ fbe lava of Mai Pdis.— pcared of inch a height in the Wc began to aicefid ihis steep anil morning, and had cent u) a da/i la- rapid part <^ibe Qtonn tain which hour lo climb, lay itretcbed at is composed dt a amaH white or plains at our fcei ; from the uQ- yellowiijli aih, miied wirb mattes common Tarity of the atmos|lhere of punice and fi^gmfints oflava n- the whole vault nf heaven appeared Odur to that fouDd in the plains, nuddcd wirb innnmerable stars, of which Mvenil small pieces that while the valleys of Orotava Wfro Ipict(ed«p were jn aslateofvTiri- hidden ihiDa our view bj a thin location. After a labonoiu not to veil of light fleecy clouds, that tay bazordous ascent of about an floated far beneath the elevated honr, the pumice and ash grrtng spot we had chosen for oar resting way asd the mule sinking knee places the solemn stillness of the dwp at ckAi step, we arrived at night was only interrupted by the ■bout five in the afternoon at the ctackring of the fire round which other estnnnil/of the srTeam of we stood, and by the whistling of lava, which deaeettding frqm tbe the wind, which coming in hollow fsmmtt of the teconserr- ing the rising of the sun, and that singular and rapid change of night into day, the consequence of almost an entire absence of twilight. As we ascended the north-east side of the mountain this view was strik* ingly beautiful : at first there ap* peared a bright streak of red on the horizon, which gradually spread itself, lighting up the heavens by degrees, and growing brighter and brighter, till at last the sun burst forth from the bed of the ocean, gilding, as it rose, the mountains of Tenerifle and those of the great Canary -, in a short tia.e the whole country to the eastward lay spread out as a map, the great Canary was easily to be distinguished, and its rugged and mountainous character, simUar to that of the other istoods, became visible to thenaked eye. Th^ NATURAL HISTORY. 509 Cold at tLH Ume wsi inlcnte, the contpoicd of a lava similar to that wind kMD and strong, and the on in sides, thongh decompoted tbenrnnnetcr lunk to 31 degrees, and changed white or grej by the After a short though r^pid ascent action of the sulpbaroaa acid ; tbu we rencb^d the BUinmit of the se- acre and an half is itself a imall cond«iagcofihemoan(mn,wepsss- crater, the walls of which are the ed ovcra stnali phin of white pn- ditferrnt poinis on which we sat, mice on which were spread inassn and are plainly visible from below, of lava, and at l^gth arrived at (he Within, the lava is in the most ra- ibot ol the cone, litis division of pid state of decompciition ; losing t'.ie mountain fornu what is gene- its brown colour and shade of red, rally termed ihe Peak of TeneriAe. and acquiring a whitish grey al- It resembles the present crater of most the colour of chalk ; large Vesuvius i with this difference, masse* of sulphur are depositing, however, that while the surface of which arc cry i tall i zed in minute that mountain is composed of a though distinct fonns; there is also blade cinder or ash, the superficies a coating of alum produced by tha of tbisappesrs to be a deposit of union of the sulphurous acid with pumiceof a white colour, of sco- the arg'il of the lava; the surface' ria and of lava, with here and there is hot to the feet, and the gnidcg considerable masse* that were pro- said it was dangerous to remain bxbty thrown out when the roica- long in one ipot ; as it was, some no was in action. 1'ovaidt the of us sunk to our knees in the hot north-west, on the right band of oof deposit of sulpbuT : upon striking ascent, there is a small current of the ground with ibe feet, ibe sound liva shewing itself above the pn- is hollow, similar to what is pro* mice, the composition of which ts dncedby thcsameimpulslonon the aimilar to that at the bottom, craters of Vesuvin* and Solfaterra, (bough of a redder tinge j it is I estimate the depth of the crater broken on the sorface, ard is in a to be, from the highest ridge to the rapid state of decompo*itioD. No- bottom, about 900 feet, forming menus small cavities on Ibe fide of an casy and gradual descent, the the mouDtain emitted vapour with whole being in a state of rapid de- considerable heat. Here begins, composition, and charged with in my opinion, the only'faii^ing mlpbur. large mastes of which are part of the ascent: tbe ileepnets ercry where depositing. I searched of the cone is excessive; at each in vain for any of the arseniais so stepoor fret sank into the asb, and common on Vesuvius, nor coutd I targe masses of pumice and lava find those siliceous stalactites rc- rolled down from above: we were sembllog strung pearls, which are ■II braised, and our feet and legs met with in the island of Ischla, were cnt, but none maierially hurt, in the crater of the Solfatcrra, and At last we surmounted all difScnl- in the Maremma of Tuscany. Tha lies, and seated ourselves on the sulphur is pare and fine, and if highest ridge of the mountain.— sold for a considerable price at Oro- This appermost region does not tava. We were not able 10 go all appear to oootain in superficiet round the walls or exterior snm- raon than an acre and an half: it it mit of ihc crater, aod hence could not dlO ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. not distiaguiih iU soathern or western de^vttjr. Mr. Eaeolar as- sured me they are similar to» though more rapid than, the side by vfh'uSk we ascended : from (his side flowed the basaltic lavas of 1704 and of the last eruption in 1797 : this latter stream of lava lowed in a remarkably slow current, (or not*- withsundlttg the sharp descent of the mountain, and the length of the lava not exceeding three miles, several days elapsed before it reach- ed the spot where it stopped % how little fluid this lava must have been 28 evident, when it is. remembered that the lava of Vesuvius in 1794, which destroyed Torre del Greco, reached the sea firom the bottom of the cone, a distance of eight miles, in little more than six hours. M. £scolar further told me that there IS on this south-western side of the Peak an ancient lava^ at present not at all decomposed, of several miles in length, and in a perfect state of vitrification : the whole of this stream has the appearance of obsi- dian. All these lavas appear to have 6owed from the bottom of the cone, and to have run from its base in the same manner as that of Ve- suvius in 1794, the crater of which vomited out ash and pumice, and large pieces of rock, while tiiecur- rent of lava issued from its side.-— It is not however improbable that the cone itself is of anterior forma- tion to this vitrified lava, as the summit of the Peak is similar to the lava of the Mai Pais, and that being porphyriiic is considered as of more ancient date than the one above-mentioned, which u basaltic. If one might hazard a conjecture upou a subject where the data are so few, I should be inclined to sus- pect that the Peak itself, as wcU at the whole of the Goaotry aconnd it; whidi forms its baae, were' pro* duoed by that imoaenaeenileFCiU^ ed Las Canales, the shape and mag* nitude of which I have before taki^ notice of when traversing, the pa-* mice plains ; it it also well wofthy of remark that there is no voJcane in action at all to be cofupand ia size of crater to those that are ex* tinct The ancient eratar of Ve- suvius is oonsiderably larger thaa the pFesent, and thoaa in the vici- nity of Nnples* the emptiens of which probabl5' oeated tniat dialrict of Italy, are of enormooi eataot. The crater of the CamaMoli is aomewhat more than twoleagaas in circumference, and the supcifi- cies of the Canalca is estimaud it 13 squase leagues. Tbeae vast craters were probably capable of ejecting from theur bosom tbcaa stupendous beds of lava» whicb be* ingso naochmore exteoaive than any that have flowed from mofe recent emptioos, have led aome per* sons to deny the former to be the eflTects of a central fire. ThaiaM the Island of Teeeriflfe waa volca* nicsily produced no man v^ho ex- amines it can have any doubt* and though the smallneas of the exist- ing crater of the Peak may lead one to imagine tliat it alone could not be the ef&ctive cause of all the phsenomena, yet the iDoumerable volcanoes on all sides of the tslaad, the appearance of Las Canakas, and its elevation, are able to aoooont for the extent of the sdrean^ and beds of lava, and of the deposits of toi^ and pumice, of whicb the iakbd is composed. Having no data to proceed upon but what is givanby the meaaurespeat of the eye, it is not easy todetesmioe thaniegii* tilde of the coae at xt» bate^ aoa may NiATURAL aiSTOaV. Ht ttitij SAf flt a y&aixae, k i» about created m momU. fiiieaiiiieu is-tha tbrd^ mikes in circumferenoe, lungs. The respimtion bccaoiA though towards, the S. S. W. the short and quick, and repefttcd balta descent i» much more abrupt^ and were found Qecesaaiy. The idea the plain from which the cone also of extreme height was toTom springs not perceptible. The view more determuiate and precise thaoi from the summit is stupeodoos: we- on the moantsuns of Switzerlandf couid plainly discover the whole aod though the immediate objecta form of the island, aud we made of vision vFere not so uumerouSf oat distinctly three or four of yet as the ascent is nacre rapid, th» the islands, which together are; declivity sharper, and there is^ here called the Canaries ; we could not. no mountain like Mount filaoe however see Laocerotte or Fuerle- towering above you, the 12,000- Ventura^ though we were told that feet above the level of the sea ap*- other travellers had distinguished peared considerably more thaa a» them alL similar elevation above the lake oC KrofB this spot the central chain Geneva, We remained at the» of moisntaina that runs from south- sumoiit about three quarters of aa -^"eet to north -eaat is easily to be hour : our ascent had cost us a la* diitingmshed. These, with the suc« hour of four hoars^ as we left the cession of fertile aod woody vallies, Estancta at tea minutea beforo. commenciBg from San Ursula and three, and reach^ the top of th* ending at Laif Horcas, with the long peak before seven j many indeed line of precipitous lava rocks that of our halts were needless, and layoa theright of our ascent, and M. Escolar told me that he had which traverse that p^rt of the twice ascended to the sunrrmit lit klaod, running from east to west somewhat less than three hours* fromL their point of departure at Our thermometer, which waa gra» the Canales to where they end in^ duated to the scale of Fahrenheit^ an abrupt headland on the coast, was during our ascent as follows : with their forests and villages and at Orotava, at eight in the morn*- vineyards, the pert with the ship- ing, 74^; at six in the evening, at pii>g in the roads, the towers of La Estancia, s^^i ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ol* Orotava with their spires glittering lowing morning 42^; at La Cueva, as the morning sun burst upon at half-past four 32^; at the hot* them, afforded a cheerful contrast tom of the cone 36^ ; nt the top of to the streams of lava, the mounds the Peak, one hour and a half after of ash and pumice, and the suU sun-rise, 38^. The descent down phurated rock on which we bad the cone is difficult from its ex- taken our seat. The sensation of treme rapidity, and from the fall extreme height was in fact one of of large stones which loosen them- themost extraordinary I ever felt j selves from the beds of pumice.— and though I did not find the pain Having at last scrambled to the in my chest arising from the rarity bottom, we pursued our march of the atmosphere, near so acute as down the other course of the lava, on the mountains of Switzerland, that is to say down its westerly yet there was a keenness in the side, having ascended its eastern, air, independent of the cold, that The ravines and rents in this stream 5\i ANNUAL REGISTER, 1SI4. stream of lava are deq>er and more formidable ; the descent into them was always painful and trouble* MMoe, often dangerous: in some places we let ourselves down from rock to rock. I can form no opi- nion why there should be these strange irregularities in the surface of this lava ; in places it resembles what sailors term tlie trough of the 8ea> and I can compare it to no- fbing but as if the sea in a storm bad by some force become on a sudden stationary^ the waves re- taing their swell. As we again approached La Cueva there is a singular steep valley, the depth of which from its two walls cannot be less than loo to 150 feet, the lava lying in broken ridges one upon the other, sinnlar to the masses of gra- nite rock that time and decay have tumblc^d down from the top of the Alps; and, except from the scoria, or what Milton calls " the Fiery Surge^** they in no degree bear the marks of having rolled as a stream of liqisid matter. This current, like that ofthe eastward branchy has no resemblance to any lavas I have seen elsewhere ; it it hardly at all decomposed, full of laminae of l^Idspar, the fracture conchoidal^ and the texture porplijrritic $ ih€ ooloor brown like that of the othef branch ; it is but alighdy oelhikr, and contains no eztFaneoiia sub- stances. We descended the pamice bBl ^ith great rapidity almost at a mc, and arrived at La Estancia in little more than two hours. We then mounted our moles, and following the track by which we bad ascend- ed the preceding day, we reached about four o'clock the ooontiy house of our hospitable friend Mr* fiarrv. The difficulties of this enter- prise have been much exaggerated: the ascent on foot is not a labour of more than four hours at most, and the whole undertaking not to be compared in point of facigne to what the traveller undergoes wlio visits the Alps. That the asoear must be hazardous in a storm of hail and snow there can be oft doubt, but to cross Sallsbary plaia may sometimes be dangeioos. Yet stripped of poetical terrors, and di- vested of the eloquent deacriptiso of some writers, there is perhaps no mountain in Europe, the asoeat of which does not furuish mere dif- ficulties than the Peak ofTcneritV. MISCELLANIES* f S13 J MISCELLANIES. JuDBB Fi.etcbbb'i CmtRdB, Delivered to the Grand Jury at the Cottnty of Wexford, at the Sum- mer Asshses, 1814. GentleiDcn of the Grand Juiy, IT is witb sincere plea«urel con- gralDlate you upon tbe ap- peamnce of the state of your county ; I tny appearance, because I hare no means whatever of knowing any thing upon the Hiib- ject, except from the calendar now before me. In that calendar I find very few numben indeed, two, or three, or four crimes, of geaeral occurrence in the country ; one homicide, which appears to bare been committed certiinly Tvith circnmstances of atrocity ; but, a» far aa I can collect from the examinations, originating in pri- vate malice and individual re* venge; and not connected with any of those disturbances of which we have beard so much, in dif- ferent parts of ihe kingdom. Gentlemen, it is matter of great congratulation, that after a fjeriod of thirty years, {at tbe com- mencement of which I first knew Ihe county of Wexford), I have reaaon (o say, it is precisely in the situation in wbich it wac then, Vot. Lvr. except at to an increase of wealth and population, and an improve- ment in agriculluie, which haft ameliorated its condition and mul- tiplied its resources. The county of Wexford was then a moral cu- riosity. When other parts of the country were lawless and dit- turbed, this county bad apeasantiy, industrious in their habits, social in ibeir disposition, satisfied with their stale, and amenable to the laws, culiivaling their farms with an assiduity wbich insured a com- pelency. Their conduct wai peaceful ; their apparel whole; their moraU improved; their lives spent iu ihe frequent Intercban^ of mutual good offices. It was a state of things which I reflect upon with pleasure. Each suc- ceeding circuit shewed me wild heaths and uncultivated tract), brought under the dominion of the plough, and producing com for tbe sustenance of man. As it was then, so it continued for many years; until those unhappy dii- turbancci, wbich bnrst out in ihid county with such a sudden and un- expected explosion. I knew what the state of things was then, and how that explosion was produced. Profesdonally I knew it, because [ enjoyed peculiar advantages of 3 L knoi^icdge. 5!4 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. knowledge, which other men did not enjoy. For several years I conducted the prosecutions for the Crown at Wexford j and hence I derived an intimate knowledge of those transactions. Brsldcs, I was connected with no party, I was in- different about party. But licre I stop, I willingly draw a veil ov^r the e\'cnt« of those days, and their cause5. God forbid ! that I should tear asunder wounds, which, 1 hope, arc completely and for ever dosed. I have now been absent from ^ this county twelve years, (with the exception of one Assizes, when I came here in the King's Com- mission, but upon that occasion I did not sit, as I now do, in the Crown Court). I can say, how- ever, with the greatest truth, that at no period from my earliest ac-^ quainlance with your county, down to the present time, do I remember to have seen it in more profound tranquillity, more per- fect peace, mote complete security than at present, a state of things indicating a due administration of the laws by Magistrates, neither over zealous and too active on the oue hand, nor too negligent and supine on the other. Such, I do hope, is the true and actual state of your county -, for. Gentlemen, I have, I repeat it, no means of knowing the fact, except from the quantity of alleged crime, the number of persons charged, and the nature of those charges, as are set out in this calendar. But, why, gentlemen, have 1 entered into this detail ? I answer, for these weighty and cogent rea- sons; k>ccause much exaggeration and misrepresentation hav» gone abroadi and the extent and causes of distarbances have been much mis-stated. In what I now say, or shall say, I do not impute any thing to any individual of this county. I will not meddle with its internal politics } but this I know, that its situation has been variously represented. Several advertisements in newspapers now before me [The Wexford Journ- als of last March and April] describe this county as being in a most alarming state of disturbance. Other advertisements affirm, on the other hand, that the country has never enjoyed more profound tranquillity. These advert isemcDti have bsen, I understand, repub- lished in the prints of Dublin end London I and have naturally e.x- cited strong sensations. It is cot for me to inquire into the motif ts of those opposite statements. I know them n6t. It is not my in- tention', it is not my duty, to im- pute any particubr naotives to any individuals: but it is within ifcf sphere of my public duty to state, for your instruction, ^*hat I have observed as the origin and grounds of similar reports and misrepre- sentations in other counties, whi- ther the discharge of my public duty has called me, and where I have had judicial knowledge of what had passed. It may be not uniostructive to state what ap- peared to me to be the causes of those disturbances, which have occasioned those misrepresenta- tions and exaggerations ; together with the reasons which have im- pelled the Legislature to <8Well the Criminal Code, session after sec- ston, with new statutes, for via- dicating the peace of this country. In my circuits through other parts of Che kingdom, I have seen the MISCELLANIES. the lower orden of the people dia- lurbed by tnnnj causes, not pe- culiar to toy panicutar counties ; opeiaiiiig with more effect in aomc, but to a greater or less cxteut in all. I have seen ihem operating wi[h extended eftect in the north v/est circuit, in the counties of Majro, Donegal, Dtrrj, Roscom- mon, Sec. &c. These effects have made a d'-ep impression on my mind. My obsemtions, certainty, have been those of an individual ; but of an individnat soring the same facts coming before him, ju- dicially, time after time; and Ido oow publicly state, that never, during the entire period of my judicial experience (comprising sixteen circuita) have I discovered or observed any serious purpose, ortcitled Scheme, of assailing his Majesty's Government, or any con- apiracy connected with internal rebels or foreign foes. But variou* deep rooted and neglected causes, producing similar enecCs through- out this country, have conspired to create the eviU which really and trply do exist. Vmt, the extraordinary rise of land, occasioned by the great and increasing demand for the necet- taries of life, and by producing large profits to the possetsora of iarms, excited s proportionate avi- dity fbr acquiring or renting lands. Hence extravagant rents have been bid for lands, without any great consideration ; and I have seen these iwi> circumstances operating upon each other, lika cause and effect, the cause producing ths effect ; and the eSect, by re- action, producing the cause. Next, we all kiM>w, that the couDtiy has been deluged by bh eBonaoQB fwptx CnrreDcf,' whicb has generated a new ctime, now prominent upon the list 1 every calendar, the crime of making and uttering forged Bank Notes. In every province, we have seen pri- vate banks failing, and ruining multitudes, and thus have fresh mischief flowed imm this paper circulation. In the neat place, the country has seen a magistracy, over-active in t«me instances, and quite supine in others. This cir- cumstance has materially affected ths administration of the laws in Ireland. In this respect I have found that those societies, called Orange Societies, have prodticed most mischievous ctTects ; and particularly iu the North of Ire- land. They poison the very foun- tains of justice ; and even some magistrates, under their influence, have, in too many instances, vio- lated their duty and their oaths. I do not hesiratc to say, that all Associations of every description, in this country, whether of Orange- men or Bibbonmen, whether dis- tinguished by the colour of Orange or of Green, alt combinations of persons, bound to each other (by the obligation of an Oath) in a league for a common purpose, en- dangering the peace of the coun- try, I pronounce them to be con- trary to law. And should it ever come before me to decide upon the question, I shall not hesitate to spttd up bills of indictment to a Grand Jury against the indivi- duals, members of such an Asso- ciation, wherever I can find the charge properly sustained. Of this I am certain, that, so long ai those Associations are permitted to act in the lawless manner they do, there will be no traoqnillity in this country ; Bnil pirtrcohrly *d 1 1< 1 the 516 ANNUAL EEGISTER, 1814. the north of Ireland. There, those ^turbers of the public peace^ who attume the name of Orange Yeo- men^ frequent the fairs and mark- et s» with arms in their hands, under the pretence of self-defence^ or of protecting the public peace, but with the lurking view of in- viting attacks from the Ribbon Men, confident that, armed as they ard, rhey must oirercoroe de- fenceless opponents, and put them down. Murders liave been re- peatedly perpetrated upon such oc- casions 3 and, though legal prose- cutions have ensued, yet, such have been the baneful consequences of those factious Associations, that» under their influence. Petty Juries have declined (upon some occa- sions) to do their duty. These facts have fallen under my own view. It was sufficient to say, such a man displayed such a co- lour, to produce an utter disbelief of his testimon} -, or. when ano- ther has stood with his hand at the bar, the display of his party badge has mitigated the murder into manslaughter. Gentlemen, I do repeat, that these are my sentiments, not merely as an individual, but as a man dlseharging his judicial duty, I hope with firmness and inte- grity. With these Orange Asso- ciations I connect all commemo- rations and processions, producing embittering recollections, and in- flicting wounds upon the feelings of others -, and I do emphatically state it as fay settled opiqion, tbat^ until those Associations are effec- tually put down, and the arms taken from their bands, in vain wfll the north of, Ireland expect tranqnillity or peace. Gentlemen, Thai moderate pit- tance, which the high rents leave to the poor peasantry, the large county assessments nearly take from them ', roads are frequently planned and made, not for the ge- neral advantage of the country, but to suit the particular views of a neighbouring land-holder, at the public expense. Such abuses shake the very foundation of the law ; they ought to be checked. Superadded to these mischiefs, are the permanent and occasional ab- sentee landlords, residing in ano- ther country, not known to thar tenantry, but by their agents, wl(0 extract the uttermost penny of tM value of the lands. If a lease happens to fall in, they set the farm by public auction to the highest bidder. No gratitude for past ser* vices, no preference of the fair offer, no predilection for the an- cient tenantry, (be they ever so deserving ; ) but, if the highest price be not acceded to, the depopnla- tion of an entire tract of coantrj ensues. What then is the wretched peasant to do ? Chased from the spot where he had first drawn his breath; where he had first seen the light of Heaven, incapable of procuring any otherineans of ex- istence. Vexed with those ex- actions I have enumerated, aod harassed by the payment of tythes, can we be surprised that a peasant, of unenlightened mind, of unedu- cated habits, should rush upo9.the perpetration of crimes, followed by the punishment of the rope and the gibbet } Nothing (as the peasantry imagine) remains far them, thus harassed and thus des- titute, but with strong band to deter the stranger firom ipcmdiif upon thdr farms ; and to extort from the weakness and terrors of their M I S C E X. L A N I E S. 517 their kndlordsi (from whose gra- titude or good feelitigs they have Jailed to win il) a kind of prefer- ence for their ancient tenaoiry. Such, CiCDdemcD, have been the causes which I have seen thus operating in the north of Ireland, and in part of the south and west. I have observed, too, as the con- sequences of Lhose Orange combi- nations and confederacies, men, ferocious in their habits unedu- cated, not Itnowing what remedy to resort to, in tbeir despair flying in the face of the law ; entering intodangerousand criminal counter associations, and endeavouring to procure arms, in order to meet, upon eqval terms, theii Orange sssailants. To these several causes of dis- tnrbance, we may add certain moral causes. There has existed an ancient connection, solitary in its natpre, between the Catholic pastor and his flock. This con- nection has been often, with very little reflection, inveighed against, by those wbo call thcmselvi's friends to the constitution in church and sta[e. I have had ju- dicial opportunities of knowing, that this connection between ihe Catholic pastor and bis flock, has been, in sonne instances, weakened and nearly destroyed j tlie flock, goaded by their wants, and flying in the face of the pastor, with a tamentabk abandonment of all re-i liqious feeling, and a dereliction of all regard to that pastoral superin- tendance, vhich is so essential to the tranquillity of the country. For, if men have no prospect here, bat of a continued series of want, and labour, and privation ; and if the hopes and fean of a future ftatc are witbdiaivn from them. by an utter separation from th?tr own pastor, what must be the state of society ? The ties of reli- gion'and moralitf being tbtis lowhicli quality a prosecutor to be as a witness in his own cause If he feared not the consequences of perjury, he gained the suit, and put the moocy into his pocket Hence, a kind of bounty was necesfarily tendered to false swearing ; and« we all know, the revenue folk are not very remarkable for a scrupulous feeling in such cases. Thef e oaths were answered again by the oaths of the parties charged, who, in order to avoid the fine, denied the existence of any still upon their lands. Thus have I. witnessed trials, where, in my judgment, the revenue officer, who cacne to im- pose the fine, was perjured, the witnesses who came to avert it, perjured, and the Petty Jury, who tried the cause, perjured, for they declined to do their duty, becaoae they were, or might be. Interested in the event ; or because the easj procurement of those illicit qxrits 'produced an increased consump- tion of grain for their benefit. The resident gentry of the county, generally, winked with both their eyes at this practice, and why r because it brought borne to the doors of their tenantry^ a market for their corn; and consequentl/ increased the rents of their lands j besides they were themselves coo- Burners oF those liquors, and in every town and village there w« an unlicensed house for retailiog them. This consumption of spirits produced such pernicious cmctf, that at length the execntiYe pow- ers deemed it high time to put so end MISCELLANIES. 519 ".nd to tl>e system. The coDse- 4jiience was, that the people, ren- dered ferocious by the use of those Hquora, and accustomed to law- less habitSy resorted to force^ re- sisted the laws, opposed the mili- t^rj, and hence have resulted jriotSf assaultSj and murders. Can you wonder^ that, in such ;in Immoral state of things, all tranquillity and obedience to the law were banished from those counties ? Absentees, too, have increased : disgusted with the state of things, they desert their post in •the time of peril': but, yet, should a farm happen to fall out of lease, Jceeping strict eye that it be set up to the highest bidder. These things have produced disturbances (every where ; but. Gentlemen, whether they apply to your county, to any extent, or at allj is for your consideration* 1 have thought it right from the false colouring that has been given to those things, to remove all such illusions, and to state the plain facts. Gentlemen, I have heretofore, with good success, called upon the Grand Jury of a great northern county (Donegal), where private distillation had reached to an in- tolerable excess, to shew some sense of their own interests by the suppression of that practice ; and I am happy to say, that call was attended to, and produced useful public resolutions. 1 am glad to hear that this mischief is a stranger in your county ; guard against its introduction ; it is one of the great- est practical mischiefs -, the revenue is plundered by it, the morals of the people depraved, and their conduct rendered riotous and savage : establish, in the 'room of "whiskey^ a wholesome malt liquor^ and you will keep your peasantry in peace* in health, and lo vigour. Having thus given you a sort of sketch of what I have seen upon other circuits, I shall advert to what I have observed upon the present circuit. The 6r$t county of this circuit which was the ob- ject of his Majesty's Commission, was Kilkenny. The country had been previously alarmed witii sue!) rumours and stories from, thit quarter, that the order of this circuit was inverted, for the ex- press purpose, as was alledged^ of meeting the supposed exigcncirg of that county by an early assizes. I did not preside in the criminal court there; but I have been in- formed by my brother Judge (Day) of what passed . Four capital con - victious took place ; of which the subject matter arose from two transactions only. One of thosr transactions, comprising two of those convictions, was of no reccr.t date^ ftocairred early in 1813 ; and bad been already tried at Uie Summer A^iizes of Kilkenny, u\ that year. At that Assizes, tl:-? two criminals had been founi guilty of an attempt at assassina- tion, a most atrocious outrage in- deed. The'ur execution was sus- f>e]3ded by an argument upon the egality of their conviction ; the .conviction was proved illegal j and of course they were, for the seco-^d time, tried and convicted at Che- late Assizes. But how such a case could warrant the extraor- dinary colouring which was glv^tj to the alledged disturbances of that county, or called for arty parade or bustle, I am wholly p.t a loss to discover. The other of those transactions was, also, of a flagitious natuice i it was a heino'is. burglary 5S0 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. barglaiyj committed by the two fkct^ leit it might be imagined other criminals, in the house of that the conducton of the Crown Mr. Sutton. They were convicted, prosecutions had slumbered on and have suffered the punishment (heir post, or had been recnisi in due to their crime. But was this their duty. I do believe they a case for exciting public alarm^ knew nothing of the proaecutor's or spreading national disquietude, intention to appear. The prisoner pr for causing the ordinary course was compelled to come in by the of the circuit to be inverted, and magistrate who had bailed him, leading every person to apprehend and who bad been at the preced- machinations and conspiracies of ing Assizes, fined one handfcd the most deep and desperate kind ? pounds for thus bailing a person. From Kilkenny the Commission charged with a capital felony, proceeded to Clonmel. There I The prisoner had the benefit of presided in the Crown Court ; the able Counsel ; his trial was not Calendar presented a sad list of hurried on ; a Jury of his Country, crimes, one hundred and twenty under the supcrintendance of a names appeared upon the face of Judge (f hope, not devoid of hu- the Crown Book. There were manity), found him guilty. Bat, several government prosecutions, let me ask, what had all rhi^ to do conducted by able gentlemen of with public disturbance's ? A peo- the bar, and by the Crown soli- pie ferocious in their habits and citor ; at the appointment, and by violent in their animosities, whea the direction of the Government, intoxicated with whiskey, formed who had been alarmed for the into factions amongst themselves, peace of the country. Yet, not- classed by barbarous appellatioDS, withstanding all this formidable may bruise each other with sticks, array of crime, and this multitude or eten slay each other Mtritb moital of prisoners, I had the good for- weapons ; but I would ask any tune to discharge the gaol of that man, what connection could the county in two days and a half, conviction of that criminal (under Two persons only were capitally Lord £lienboroogh*s Act) have convicted, at that Assizes. One with associations against law, or- of them was neither the subject der, and the government ? of a public prosecution, nor of a There was a second conviction private one. It was a case upon at Cionmel, in a case of a rape and Lord Ellenborough's Act, for as- forcible abduction. The prosecu* saulting with weapons (in that case trix was the principal witness io with a pitch-fork ) with an intcn- support of that conviction; but tioa to kill, maim, or disfigure, the credit due to her testimony The unfortunate man had been out has been so materially afiPWcted br upon bail ; -and, supposing that facts since disclosed, that 1 thought he had made his peace with his it my duty to name a distant day prosecutor, had si^rrendered him- for thi^ execution of the sentence, self, not apprehending any prose- in order to afford time for the cution. The bail had forfeited respectable Gentlemen, who have their recognizance at the assizes interfered on behalf of the pri- precediog, and I mention this soner, to bring hit case fairly and satiafiictorily MISCELLANIES. 52 1 ■aiiilactorily ander the cotKidera- lion of bis Majeit/'( GoverD- roent. But, alihoogh tbote two con- victioni inroWed groH violatiooi of the iaw«, jret what wai tbere of political disturbanct!, or of factions cunlrivaiice, in either case ? i could not tee anj thing of the- knd. Next, the Com mtision proceeded to Waterfbrd, which waa repre- aented la m as being in a most diaiurbed state. But in no one part of the county did it appear, that there was that frequency of crime, from which any systematic iiostility to the consiiintcd anlbo- rities could be inferred- There was one conviction for an abo- , minable conspiracy to poison; but tbe actuating motive appeared to be, npt of ■ public natore, bat mere indiiridual interest. It was the case of a miicreant from tbe county of Cork, hired and sent for the panicular purpose of eetting riti of an aged man, wboie fife wai the surviving life in an old lease, and which lease the vile contriver wai materislly interested in extinguishing. This was tbe real history of this crime. Another conviction was for the murder of Mr, Smyth, in tbe monlb of October last. I must observe that ibis gentleman was a Roman Catholic. What [be cause of this murder may have been, U at present only matter of private Burmise. But no petson has even whispered, thai it proceeded from political or parly feelings of any kind. There was a iliird capital conviction ai WatRrford ; it was tbatof two men, for burglary in a dwelling- hoQM. This wat the unly iraos^iction tiiai was, iu iis nature, of a public description. It appeared in evidence, that a body of armed men planned and exe- cuted an attack upon the house, but the only discoverable motive wa», that " the owner had been previously an inhabitant of the couD^ of Cork, and had ventured to take the form in question." Here, indeed, we s«e those public outrages proceeding to a degree mischievous in the extreme, and deeply to be lamented. Tbose un- fortunate wretches will imagine, that, because a stranger to tbe county has ihe audacity to inter- kre between them and tbeir land- lord, they arc to violate the lawi, assemble in arms, and make an example of the intruder, who sbalt aetlle in tbii country. Tliese are terrible delusions, pregnant with violence, bloodshed, and anar- chy. The peasantry cannot too soon reject and abhor them, as ruinous and absurd. Gentlemen, I do not allude to your county, 1 hope the svstem of setting lands by auction, of squeez- ing from tbe vitals of the tenantry more than the actual value of the produce of tbe land, docs not exist in this county. I bope and believe no such system prevails here, because like causes produce like effects ; and, in that case, the calendar now betbre me would have exhibited a very different picture. At present, its content* amount to one charge of murder, one of rape, and one against n woman for the supposed murder of a bastnrd child. These are crimes of a high and serious na- ture, yet of ordinary occurrence Jn every county. But I can descry no trace nf any si Mem of generiil dis.ilfeclion, or of political raiu chief .422 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. chief. I therefore am utterly at a for coercing and punishing ? jj loss to account for those alarming there no corrective^ but the lopc ■sserfions circulated throughout the and th»gihbet? Yes, GcDtlemcD^ empire by those advertisements in the removal of those causes at the Wexford Journals of March disturbance, wliicb I have men- and April last, importing to be re- tioncd to you, will operate as the solutions, declaring the county in remedy. I .should inaagine that a state of disturbance ; whilst, on the permanent absentees ought to the coutrary side, we have the see the polic)' (if no better mouve advert iscrmc'nts of respectable Ma- can inBuence them) of appropri- gistrates, affirming that there was ating, liberally, some part of those no colour for those alarmiug as- splendid revenues, >vhich they sertiotis, and that the county was draw from this country, which in a state of profound tranquillity, pay do land tax or poc>r*s rate, and This subject affords matter ofse- of which not a sbilHog is ex- rious reflection indeed. pended in this country ! Is it nut Gentlemien, these facts, peculiar high time for those [lermaDeot to your county, have induced me absentees to offer some assiataoce, to travel at length into this subject, originating from themselves, oct in order to gu^ird you against of their own private purses, to- being affected by similar alarms, wards improving and ameliorating originating in other counties. I the condition of the lower orders bope, that by your steady conduct of the peasantry upon their great in your own county, you will pre- domains, and rendering their liv» vent the maligners of this country more comfortable ? Indeed, 1 be- from »sermancnt absentees onght to But, Gentlemen, is there no know that it is their interest to con- method of allaying tliosti discon- tribute every thing in their power, tents of the people and preventing and within the sphere of their them from flying in the face of the extensive influence^ towards tbc laws? Is there no remedy but Act improvement of a country, from of Parliamriit after Act of Parlia- whence they derive such ample meut^ in quick succession, framed le venue and solid beoefits. In- stead MISCELLANIES. 623 ^trad of doing so, bow do many of them act? The/ often depute their managen upon the Grand Jury of the councy. This ma- nager gets hi* jobi done without ()uesitoii or iatemiption; lijs roadt and bi> bridges, and his park wails, all arc conceded. For my pail, I am wholly at a losi to conceive how those per- manent absentees can n concile it loltieir feelings or their interests to remain silent spectators of such a stale of things, or liow tbey cau forbear lo raise ihcir voices in be- lialf of tb«ir unhappy couniry, gnd attempt (o open the eyes of our English neighbours ; who, generally speaking, know about as much of the Irish, as ibey do of the Hindoos. Does a viiiloT come to Ireland, to compile a book of (ravels, what is his course ? He is banded about from one country eentleman toanotber, all interested in concealing from him the true state of the country } be pane* tiatn Squire lo Squire, each rival* ing the other in entertaining their guest, all busy in pouring false- hood) into hii ears, touching the disturbed state of the country, and the vicious habits of the people. Such is the crusade ot informa- fioD upon which the English tra- veller sets forward j aad be re- turns lo his own country with all hii unfortunate prejudices doubled and confirmed. In a kind of moral despair of the welfaie of socb a wicked race, having made tip hit mind that nothing ought to be done for this lawless and degraded country. And, indeed, such an extravagant excess have those in- .tolerant opinions of the state of Ireland attained, that I shall not be lurprited to heai of lotne po- litical projectw coming forward^ and renovating ilie obsolete )eni>- rancc and the prejudices of a Har- rington, who, in his Oceana, calli the people of keland an untame- ablc race ; declaring, that tbey ought to be exterminated, and the country colonised by Jews ; that thus the state of tl>is island would be bettered, and the coniuierce of England extended and improted. Ueniieinen, I will tel) you what thote absentees ought particular)/ to do ; they ought lo promote the establiihment of bouses of rcfugCi Jiouses of industry, school housct, and set liie example upon rbeir own estilei, of building decent cottages, so that ihe Irish peasant may have, at loan, the comfbris of an " English sow ;*' for aa English farrnvr would refuse to eat the flesh of a bog, so lodged and fed as an Irish peasant it. An the farms of an English laad- bolder out of lease, or his cottages in a ctaie of dilapidation } He ne- builds etery one of them for ini tenants, or he covenants tp supply them with materials for the par- pose. But how are matten con- ducted in this country } Why, if there is a bouse likely to bll into ruins, upon an expiring Iraae, the new rack-rent tenant most re- build it himself ; and can ftn wonder if your plantation* are visited for the purpose, or if yoiu young trees ara turned iolo plnigk handles, spade handles, or ro^ for their cabins i Tbey are more than Egyptiap task-maatert, wbo call for brick* without furnufaii(g a supply of straw. Again, I say, tbat those occasional absentees ought to come home, and not reniain abroad, resting opoo the local manager, a species of " lo- cua 524 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. cam tenens*' upon the Grand Jury. They should reside upon their estates, and come forward with every possible improvement for the countr)'. I do not propose that you should expect any immediate amendment or public benefit from the plans suggested for the education of the poor. It is in vain to flatter your- selves that you can improve their minds if you neglect their bodies. Where have you ever heard of a people desirous of education, who had not clothes to cover them, or bread to eat ? I have never known that any people, under such cir- cumstances, had any appetite for moral instruction. So much, Gentlemen^ for land- lords, permanent and occasional absentees. You should begin the necessary reformation. You now enjoy comforts and tranquillity^ after seasons of storms, and fever, and disturbance. The compara- tive blessings of this contrast should make you anxious to keep your county tranquil. If your fknns fall out of lease, set them not up to be let by public auction ; encourage your tenantry to build comfortable dwellings for them- eelvet, give them a property in their farms, and an interest in the peace of the county. These are the remedies for the discontents of the people, they will be found much better than the cord and the gibbet. There may be other causes of discontent in other counties. Those I have mentioned may not apply to your county. If they did apply, I would not shrink firom exposing them ; I would not now, when advanced in life^ and unin- fluenced by any hopes or fears 3 for, whilst I was yoang, I was et|ttally careless of the smiles and frowns of men in power. Gentlemen, I had an opportu- nity of urging some of these topics upon the attention of a dis- tinguished personage^ I raean Lord Rcdesdale^ who filled the high office of Lord Chancellor here some years ago. I was then at the Bar. His Lordship did me the honour of a visit, after I had returned from circuit, at a time when many alarms, of oqe kind or another, flonted in this countnr. He was pleased to require roy opinion of the state of the coau- tryj I averred, that I thought it was as tranquil as ever it had been ; but I did ask bis permissioa to suggest certain measures, which, in my opinion, would go very far towards allaying the discontents of the people. One of those mea- sures was, a reform of the Ma- gi<;tracy in Ireland ; another was, a commutation of tythes, if it could be satisfactorily efiected 5 a third was, the suppression of the home consumption of whisky, and the institution of a wholesome malt liquor in its stead. I requested his Lordship to recollect, that Hogarth's print of " Gin- Alley" is an unerring witness to testify what the English people would now be, if they had nothing but a perni- cious spirituous liquor to drink. A man who drinks to excess of a maltliquor, becomes only stupified, and he sleeps it off; but he whose intoxication arises from those spin* tuous liquors (which, we know, are too often adulterated by the most poisonous ingredients), adds ool/ fever to his strength . Thus the on- fortuhate peasant in Ireland is mad- dened, instead of beli^g invigo- rated j MISCELLANIES. 525 rated ; and- he gtarts out into acts . of riot and disturbance^ like a fu- rious wild beast, let loose upon the ctmmunitj. I took the free- dom to add^ ** Reform the ma- gistracy of Ireland, my Lord. You have the power to do this ; and until you do it, in vain will you expect tranquillity or content in the country." His Lordship was pleased to lend a courteous attention to these opinions^ and I do believe, that his own natural judgment and good inclination would have prompted him to mea- sures^ beneficial to Ireland, and honourable to his fame. Gentlemen, this subject brings roe to a consideration of the ma- gistracy of the country. Of these I must say, that some are over zealous, others too supine : dis- tracted into parties, they are too often governed by their private passions, to the disgrace of public justice, and the frequent disturb- ance of the country. Here let me solicit your parti- cular attention to some of the grievous mischiefs, flowing from the misconduct of certain magis- trates. One is occasioned by an excessive eagerness to crowd the gaols with prisoners, and to swell the calendars with crimes. Hence the amazing disproportion between the number of the committals and of the convictions, between accu- sation and evidence, between hasty suspicion and actual guilt. Com- mittals have been too frequently made out (in other counties) upon light and trivial grounds, without redecting upon the evil conse- quence of wresting a peasant (pro- bably ionocent) from the bosom of Iks family, immuring him for weeks or months in a noisome gaol, amongst vicious He is afterwards acquitted or not prosecuted 5 and returns a lost man, in health and morals, to hit riiined and beggared family. This is a hideous, but common picture. Again, fines and forfeited re« cognizances are mul tiplied, through the misconduct of a magistrate. He binds over a prosecutor, under a heavy recognizaoce, to attend at a distant Assizes, where it is pro- bable that the man*s poverty or private necessities must prevent his attending. The man makey default, nis recognizance is for* feited, he is committed to the county gaol upon a green wax process, and, after long confine- ment, he is finally discharged at the Assizes, pursuant to the sta* tute; and irom an industrious cottier he is degraded, from thence- forth, into a beggar and a vagrant. Other magistrates presume to make out vague committals, with- out specifying the day of the offence charged, the place, or any other particular, from which the unfortunate prisoner could hate notice to prepare his defence. This suppression is highly inde- corous, unfeeling, and unjust : and it deserves, upon every occa- sion^ a severe reprobation of the magistrate, who thus deprives his fellow-subject of his rightful op- portunity of defence. There are parts of Ireland, where, from the absence of the gentlemeo of the county, a race of magistrates has sprung up, who ought never to have borne the King*8 Commission. The vast powers entrusted to those officers call for an upright, zealous, and conscientious discharge of their duty. Gentlemen, 526 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814- Oentlemen, .'^s to lythes, they tobeleyied: whether this sam is^ are generally complained of as a or U not, an exorbitant one for this great grievance. In the time in ccanty, I know nor. It ii a tax, which we live, they are a tax of which you will impose the upon industr)', upon enterprize, greater part, or perhaps the whole, and upon agricuUurai skill. Is a upon your county ; and it falk man intelligent and industrious, wholly upon the occupying ten- does he. by agriculture, recbim a ants or farmers. Pray keep this tract of land, and make ic ^jro- circumstance constantly In your ductive of corn, be is visited and minds. The benefit of this tax is harassed by the Tythc Proctor; your own. By its operation, you does his neighbour, through want have your farms well divided and of inclination or of skill, keep hts improved ; good roads made round farm in pasture and unimproved^ your estates ; useful bridges aiui be is exonerated from the burthen walls erected. Indeed, I have of tythes, and from the visitations known counties which have been of any clei^ not belonging to his parcelled out to undertakers by own church. Far be it from me baronies, aiul where no man coultl to say, that tythes are not due to get a job without the consent of the clergy. By the law of the the baronial undertaker ; they land, they have as good a title to met and commuted^ and It vis their tythes as any of you ha\'e to thus agreed, '* I give yoa your your estates; and I am don vi need, job here> and you give roe my job that the clergyman dors not, in there." I may be asked, why do any instance, exact what he is you mention those things ? Tie strictly entitled to. But this mode Grand Juxy know them very well ; of assessment has been much but then they ought to be con- complained of; and it is particu- cealed. Miserable, infatuated oo- larly felt in this country, because tion ! These things are not con- the Catholit; receives no spiritual cealedj there is not a Grand Jury com&rt from his Protestant rector } job in the country which is not he knows htm only through the known and commented npoa by Tythe Proctor, and he has more- the peasantry. Every mischief^ over his own pastor to pay. llils and evety enormity I have this is the reason why he thinks it a day stated, is as thoroughly wdl grievance; and, t must admit, known to the peasantry as to the that although the clergyman does gentry throughout Ireland. The not receive all that he is entitled affected apprehension of exciting to, and although it may not be a and exasperating them, by a re- grievance in another country, yet probation of those enormities, is the tythe system is a painful system puerile and contemptible. It for trrlmd- * cannot do mischief; it cannot add Gentlemen, you have in your to the poignancy of their feeUDgSt power another remedy for public it may allay or soothe ibem: si- commotions. I allude to the as- ready those exactions are the sub- sessment of the presentment money ject of discussion, and of minute upon your county. It seems that scrutiny, in every cabin ; what aie the sum of 900/. is now demanded the consequences } Dreadlnlhesft- buminp MISCELLANIES. J27 bimiint^i anil deep visit of the coiutsblc who collecti the CMS, is a day of general mourn' ing, and distress, and tribulation. 1 spokc! freely of iheie ihings to Ihe Grand Jury of the county of Tlpperary ; what was ihe bene- ficial result? Tiie Foreman (Mr. Bagwell) came forward soon after- wards from the Grand Jury-room, and stated publicly in Court, thnr, in consequence of my charge, he and hi* Fellow-Jurors bad thrown out applications for presenlmentt to the amount of 9600/. These may be presumed to be jobs, under pretence of building walU and bridges, filling hollows, lowering . bills, &c. Here, indeed, was some good done by this sudden impulse of econor,iy ; here were the fruits of a free and candid es- bortation before the public eye. Geatiemen, ihe Judge, whose duty it is to pass Ibe present men Is, can be of little service towards de- tecting "ajob"- he has no local knowledge— he knows not the dis- tances—the rates — the (tate of re- pairs— or the views of the parties. He may, indeed, suspect the job, and tear the saipecteil presentment; bat be may tear, inadrerienily, that which is useful, and let the job pass. Therefore, for the sake of the county, do as Mr. Bagwell did at Clonmel. Begin the refnr- nation; and dincountenance, firm- ly, all parcelling of "jobs." Genilemen, when I visited the House of Industry at Ctonmel (which i) liberally and conscien- tiously conducted by aa association, consisting of persons of every re- ligious persuasion, with the Pro- testant Parwn and the Catholic Priest at ibeit Head), never did my eya wimcts « more bleucd light ■i-I immediately asked, " wbal do you pay to the Matron, and to tbe Manager!" The sum was men- tinned ; it was small. " I suppose," said I, " It is no object of 3 coim- ty job." Mr. Grubb, the benevo- lent Mr. Grubb smiled, and said, " You have bit it, my Lord— that is the fact." But there is one remedy, that would, in my estimation, more than any other, especialiy contribute to soothe the minds of tbe discontent- ed peasantry, and, thereby, to en- able them patiently to suffer the pressure of those burthens, which c:mnot, under existing circnrasran- cej, be cffeci ually removed; I mean the " Equal and impartial Admi- nistraliou of Justice ;" of that Jus- tice which the rich can pursue, un- til it be attainrd ; but which, that it may benefit the cottager, should' be brought borne to bis door. Such an administration of justice would greally reconcile the lower order* of the people with the Gureru- mcnt under which they live ; and, at no very distant period, 1 hope, attach them to ibc law, by impart- ing its benefits, and extending its protection to then), in actual atwl uniform experience. Gentlemen, if yon ask me, how may this be ac- complished ? I answer, by a vigi- lant superintendence of the admi- nistration of justice at Quarter Ses- ' sions. and an anxloui observance of the conduct of all Justices of Peace. PerhajM, the Commission of the Peace, in every county in tbe kingdom should be examined.— During a long war, in seasons of popular commotion, under Chief GoTernors (all acting, unquestiona- bly, with good intentions, tHit upon vraious principles, and dirtcrciit vicit^), il it niji inipfolwbte. (hat 528 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. many men have crept into the com-, mission, who, however useful thef might occasiooallj have been, ought not to remain. The needy adventurer, the hunter for prefer- ment, the intemperate zealot, the trader in false loyalty, the jobbers of absentees, if any of these vari- ous descriptions of individuals are now to be found, their names should be expunged from the Commission ^ and if such a mode of proceeding should thin the Commission, va- cancies may be supplied, by soli- citing every Gentleman of property and consideration to discharge some part of that debt of duty, which he owes to himself and the coun- try, by accepting the office of Jus- tice of Peace. Should their num- ber'be inadequate to supply the de- ficiency, clergymen, long resident on their benefices, more inclined to follow the precepts of their Divine Master, by feeding the hungry and clothing the naked Catholic (al- though, adhering to the commu- nion of his fathers, he should con- scientiously decline to receive from him spiritual consolation), not ha- rassing and vexing him by a new mode of ty thing, and an increase of tythes : but seeking to compen- sate the dissentients Irom his com- munion for the income he derives from their labour, by shewing a re- gard for their temporal welfare- attached to their protestant flocks by a mutual interchange o£ good offices, by affection, and by habit. Such a man, anxiously endeavour- ing, not to distract and divide, but to conciliate and reconcile all sects and parties, would, from his education, his leisure, his local knowledge, be a splendid acquisi- tion to the Magistracy, and a pub- lic blessing to the district oonv* mitted to his care. Men of this description are retired and tinob- tnislve ', but, I trust, if sought af- ter, many such may be found. Per- sons there have .been of a soft dif- fering widely from those I have described. These men identify their preferment with the welfare of the Church ; and if you bad be- lieved them, whatever advanced the one necessarily promoted the other. Some Clergymen there may have been, who, in a period of dit- stractiou, perusing the Old Testa- ment with more attention than the New, and admiring the glories of Joshua (the son of Nun), fancird they perceived in the Catholics the Canaanites of old > and, at the h^td of militia and armed yeomaniy* M'Lshed to conquer from them the ])romised glebe. Such men, I hope, are not now to be found ia that most respectable order ; and if they are, I need scarcely add, they should no longer remain in the Commission. Gentlemen, I must further ad- monish you, if you are infested with any of the Orange or Green Associations in this county, to dis- charge them— discharge all the processions and commemorations connected with them, and you will promote the peace and concord of the country; but suffer tbcm to prevail, and how can justice be ad- ministered ? — " I am a loyal man,** says a witness^tjjiat is, «* Gentle- men of the Pett^ Jury, believe me, let me swear what I will.** — When he swears he is a loyal man, he means, " Gentlemen of the Jury, forget your oaths, and acquit the Orangeman." A truly loyal man is one who is attached to the Coo- stitution under which we live, md who respects and is governed bf the MISCELLANIES. S29 the laws, .'w^lcb impart more per- •ontl freedom^ when properly ad- ministered, than anj other code of Jaws in existence. If there are any disturbances in the countiy, the trulj loyal man endeavours to appease them. The truly loyal man is peaceful and quiet — he does his ut- most to prevent commotion ; and, if he cannot prevent it, he is at his post, ready to perform his duty in the day of peril. But what says the loyal man of another descrip* f ion-^the mere pretender to loy- alty, " I am a loyal man in times of tranquillity— I am attached to the present order of things, as far as I can get any good by it— I ma- lign every man of a different opi- nion from those whom I serve— I bring my loyalty to market;** Such loyalty has borne higher or lower prices, according to the different periods of modem times»-he ex- poses it to sale in open market, at all times— seeking continually for a purchaser. Such are the pre- tenders to loyalty, many of whom I have seen $ and incalculable mis- chiefs they perpetrate. It is not their interest that their country ahould be peaceful — their loyalty is a " sea of troubled waters.'* Gentlemen, I have had a long professional experience of the state of this country, travelling two cir- cuits every year> and I have spoken the result of my professional obser- vations and judicial knowledge — perhaps the sincerity with which I have put forward these observa- tions may excite some displeasure. But 1 hope they may do some good, and I am pretty indifferent wrbether they are found disagreea- ble or not ; living a great part of my life in the hurry ^professional ^rsuits, I have employed the mo* ments of my Idsure in literary re- VoL. LVI. tirement. Attached to no party, t have never mixed with the sealots of either — I have been aftiailed and calumniated by both. Such is the lot of the man, endeavouring to do his duty with firmness and sin- cerity. Genllensen, if any of you be dis- posed to think that this address would be better suited to another place and another occasion ; to such I answer, that 1 have em- braced the opportunity thus afford- ed to me of^ addressing yon, in order to state what have appeared to me the causes of popular com* motions, and the remctlics likely to assuage and prevent them in these several counties whf re, within these last five years, I have borne the Kjng*»» Commistton. I consi- der the present occasion a peculiarly seasonable one for such an address. We approach towards the close of a circuit, whose usual order had been inverted for the purpose of delivering the crowded gBoU ; and bringing to speedy trial those men with whom they were filled, and who stood charged with almost every crime known to the criminal code. It seemed to me expedient, if such subjects as I have brought before you were touched upon, to do so in a county profoundly tranquil, where no danger could be apprehended, even by the most timid and fiisti- dious, of agitating tlie minds of the peasantry, by a public discussion. Gentlemen, two Bills, of import- ance to the public peace of Ireland, have recently passed both Houses of Parliament, almost, as I believe, without observation ; andcertainl/ without public inquiry into the state of the coimtry. Having form- ed an opinion upon the causes of popular discontents, and public commotions in those counties, 2 M which k*-; 530 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. which I have^ within these five years, visited^ I thought it expedi- ent, openly from this place, to state this opinion ; hoping that my judg- ment being founded not upon se- cret whisperings or private com- munications, but upon the solem- nity of public triab and the authen- ticity of criminal records, may have tome weight towards suggesting the expediency of resorting to other means of tranquillizing Ireland, than those hitherto resorted to— banishment, the rope, and the gib- bet. These expedients have been repeatedly tried ; and have» by the acknowledgment of those who have used them, hitherto proved ineffectual. And here I must in- treat, that I may not wilfully be mistaken and purposely misuuder- atood by any man or class of men. r mean not to question in the slightest degree, the prudence of the Irish government in introduc- ing, or the wisdom of the legisla- ture in enacting, those laws ; they may be suitable (for any thing I know to the contrary) to the exist- ing state of things in some of these counties, where the discharge of my public duty has not yet called mc. In others, although it may not be inuuediately necessary to put them into active operation, the notoriety of their existence in the Statute Book may be a wholesome warning to the turbulent and au- dacious. But having, in address- ing you, taken occasion to give you my opinions upon different subjects (the statement of which, however erroneous those opinions should ap- pear to be, may produce some good, by soliciting the attention of the enlightened men in both coun- tries to the fame subjects), I feel myself more especially called upoa by a sense of public duty, to lay ■ few words to you upon tbe scope and objects of these Bills — I say more especially called upon, bf reason of those important, though contradictory publicatioDS, in tbe Wexfoid Journals now laid before me, and to which I have alreadf adverted. Whence that contradic- tion of sentiment coald originate, between persons resident in the same county, and having (one would imagine) equal opportoai- ties of information, it is not f6r me to conjecture ; but its indisputable existence in the months of March and April last (subsequently to yeor last Assizes), calls upon me htktf to explain to yon the purport «f those Acts, which some of yon nar deem it expedient to call into sc« tive operation. With one of ihoie Acts you have had a former a^ quaintance. It is the old Insnnv- tion Act, which, after having pe- rished, is now revived and re-enact- ed for Ireland. The other is called the Peace Preservation BiU. Tbe Insurrection Act consists, as yso all know, of a complete suspennoD of the English Constitution— ot English law — of the Trial byhsj- Under these new laws» taken to- gether, any seven magistrates mj meet, and recommend the cooatj or district to be proclaimed by tk Lord Lieutenant as being in a state of disturbance. When the Procb- mation has once issued, every per- son must stay at hoaie after a ctr- tain hour. You are to have tbe assistance of a learned Serjeant finom town, who may send abroad of- fenders in a summary way* Gentlemen, I have seen tioKi« when* persons^ who thinking ttt lives named in thmr tenantsHcsKi were lasting somewhat too hagf kavt, MlSCEtLANlES. S3\ ian, hy tbe aid of such a Itw, miireprescDtation, I need not found Dxani to recommend a trip travel far back for a cniioU in' scraas tbe Atlantic, to the persons itance. I have seen to ray lUTptiie, thus unreasonabtj attached to Jife; in Tie Courier newspaper, a ttorf and thus achieved tbe downfall of of taytelt, which hai been ccoied a beneficial Icaae, and a comfort- iqto The PUol. It i* ao very diort able rise of their income in conse- that I shall read tt : — " Sach is tbe queoce. Such things have occur- disturbed state of Ireland, that one red: I have known the fact. of the Judges of Asuze, apon GentldDCD, I may be told, that tbe Lcinstei drcuit, Mr. Joslice tbe state of the country requires its Fletcber, in coming from Kilkenn/ rc-enactmenl. It mar be to : I to Clonmet, was pelted bj stonca mxa not in possesHon of tbe secrets in tbe town of Callan, and owed of the Cattle. A detperate state of bis safohr to the dragoons that et* things calls for de^ierate remedies, corted blm," Gentlemen, theotherActof Par- When I reached Waterford, I liament it tbe Peace Preservation was still more larpriied to see od« Ml. h \i a wliolesome mode of newspaper lamenting that I had sdminittering tbe old powers, al- been " ibot at," bat another pro- ready vetted by law in tbe magis- tested that it was all a grots false- trates. Any seven magutralet hood. Now, what was the truth F may recomaieDd the application of As I paiaed through Callan, an e»> this remedy i and dtber for tlie cort of a few dragoons attended county at large, or any particular me. This escort, by tbe bye, is odb barony or diitrict in the county.— of the mischiefs of those alaitns, « If their recommendation ibould be mischief which never occurs la acceded to by the Lord Lieutenant, England. TA^e, tbe Gentlemen of this Bill cornea into immediate c^ie- consideration In tbe county come ration. Now, you are to meet — oat to meet the Judge, with led a head manstnUe ia to be appoint- bonet and equipages, and with ed, at a taUry of yoot. a year ; he every suitable marl: of respect and U alto to liBve a boose and offices attention j not, indeed, paid to the —bis cleric is to get 8 salary of Judge individually, nor detired by J50I. a year — the constablea are to him, but an attention and respect get I ool. a year each; anysevenof due to the law, which the Judge yonr mag^trates may get all this comet to Hdminlitcr. But what done. But listen to one thing was tbe case in Kilkenny} The more — the diiturlied district is to High Sheriff not appearing at all, pay the expense of tbe whole. perhaps as a duty beneath him, or Gentlemen, I have trespassed for some other reason; tbe Sub- long upon your attention ; but I Sbcnff unwilling enough to be hope, from the tranquil state of burdened with the trouble, and your county, that I have not un- ansioui to get rid of as 1 two or aptly chosen the preaent leaion for three miserable Bailifit, mounted .making these observations. See upon wretched little horses, bran- tbe necessity of aome public dit- diahiag ao enormous length of . GUiuon of thote tabjects, in order halbert, ijeaembUng so noany Cos- (g extingouh all euggenitioD aod nckt in every thing but utility, a M 3 and 338 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. and attended by an escort of four or five dragoons^ (for the Sheriff is not at the expense of paying the dragoons.) Indeed, where needy or prnorious High SberiA are no- niinatrdy and where ihe office of Sub Sheriff becomes an affair of indirect manageroent, an improper and inefficient attendance upon the Circuit Judges is generally to be expected. However, thus at- tended, (or rather unattended) we drove through Callan ; when a boy, about seven years old, flung a stone idly, either at the Sub- Sheriff, or at the dragoons, or both. This was the entire outrage. I did not hear of it, until long after- wards, when the newspaper para- graphs led me to the inquiry ; bat my servants are ready to vouch the fact upon oath. This story, with prodigious exaggeration, has been si nee officiously circulated through^ out the empire, in order to shew, that this country is in such a state of disturbance, that the going Judge of Assize was pelted with stones, or shot at, and in immi- nent danger of his life. Can any instance more strongly illustrate the propriety, nay, even the ne- cessity, of a full and unreserved statement of the true and actual condition of Ireland, than the ex- traordinary currency which this paltry fabrication has received, and the avidity with which it has been magnified into a momentous and alarming event. Gentlemen, I may, perhaps, be warranted in feeling a personal in- dignation at the mischievous abuse, of my name, thus attempted, for the purpose of vilifjdng the coon- try ; and, posgibly, this iropres- sioo may have pertly led me to rnter into the copious details and observations with which I have this day troubled you. Gentlemen, if you should feel that any of these observations are foanded in truth and reason, you will give me, at \en%t, the credit of upright motives for tbosr, from which you may differ. J can have no other motive, indeed, than a hope of doing some public good* by inciting other persons to usefal and meritorious actions. O'.her Judges hhve very frequently, and with great propriety, charged va- rious Grand Jurirs upon thr ge- neral state of thiA country, its di^ turbances, and the cause of its commotion; and some of them have ascribed those dlsturburgh we had travelled i^ywaiu br 357 German milea. Tsdier- kassk difiers from all other toanis io'tibdmocte ofboildii^; Ibr^oa accoont 6f the annual inondatioait which oomnoonhr hot from Apnl to' Jone^ most 01 die houea of ths town are encfeed npoa hig|i pokst MISCELLANIES. 537 fo that when the inondation U over tjiere is a tpacr uncier each where cattlr ; are obliged, during the*, time of the inundation, to step immediately out of their liouses in^o a boat, when going about their ordinary business. Htnce it is evident that this town is by no meani adapted to riding either io a carriat^e or on horseback. On the Don itself, where the ground is rather higher and where nothing i^ to be fearrd from the yrater, are situated theGymnasium, some other buildings belonging to the government, and the principal church. The shops are very spa- cious and well arranged, and nir- Xiishrd with all sorts ai domestic commodities, as also with most of the foreign productions that are subservient to the ppnvenience of life. In consequence of the proxiT mity of Taganrog and the Krym the place is in particular abun- dai^tly supplied with articles of Greek and Turkish merchandize, which are sold at very moderate prices. I remarked many shops with iron and brass wares, woollen cloth of home and foreign mann- factare, tea, sugar, co&e, wines 2|nd other strong liquors. To a stranger visiting Tscher- luMk for the first time^ it is a striking spectacle to find a city peo- pled by Cossacks alone, and where all the male inhabitants wear the same costume, which consists of a t>lue Cossack coat turned op with fed. Even |;reat prt of the fo- rpigtierf resident nere adc^ this dreu, which looks very neat Be-, aides theCosracksproperly so caQpd, the Tartars, who are upon the same footing as the Cossacks^ ocv cupy a whole suburb, and have likewise a well-fitted-up wooden mfssdshet. The inundations, which leave behind in the streets a great q^ian- tity of mud, and in many places large standing pools, whence issue pernicious exhalations, render the situation of the town extremely un- healthy; for which reason New Tkcherkassk has been begun on a branch of the Don, a German mile from the present town, and is said to be at (bis time r^dy for the re- ception of inhabitants. Those of the old town, who will be in some measure indemnified for the ex- pense thus occasioned, are all to remove to New Tscherkassk; so that in half a century, perhaps^ no vestiges of the presept place will remaiu. Tscherkassk was founded in 1570 by the Cossacks, the year after the Turks had undertakeu their fruitless expedition from Asow against Astrachau, and the former town had been almost entirely de- stroyed by the explosion of a pow- der-magazine set on fire by light- ning. The origin of the Cossacks themselves is an historical problem' which lias hitherto been by no means satisfactorily solved. Thi<» name first occurs in Constantioe Porphyrogenneta (about A.D.948)* who places the province of Kasa- chia among the countries lying beyodd the Ckuban, as appears from the following passage : — '' On the eastern side of the Palus Mxo- tis several rivers empty themselves into it, as the Taruis, which comes from Ssarkel 3 the Chora)cul. in ' which 538 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. which the Oxian fishes (ro Be^^- rixoy) are taken j likewise some other rifers, as the Bal, Burlik, Chadir, and many more. But the mouth of the Palos Maeotis is also called Burlik, and goes into the Pontuii. Here is the Bosphorus, on which stands the town named Tamatarcha. The above-men- tioned mouth is eighteen miles broad. In the middle of these eighteen miles lies a kirge fiat island called Atech. The river Ukmch which separates Sichia (Zrj^ia) from Tamatarcha, is i8or 20 miles from the latter. Sichia extends about 300 miles from the Ukruch to the river Nikopsis, or which also is situated a town of the same name. Beyond Sichia lies the country of Papagia, beyond Papagia Kusachia, beyond Kasa- chia Mount Caucasus^ and beyond the Caucasus the country of the Alans.*' The inhabitants of Kasa- chia were consequently neighbours of the Sichs or Eastern Tscherkes- sians, and themscWes Tscherkes- sians 5 for this nation is still called by its neighbours^ the Ossetes, Ka- sach or Kessek. Ibn el Vardi, an Arabian geographer, who lived and wrote about 1230, mentions a peo- ple called Keschek in the Cau- casusj and cannot sufficiently extol the beauty of their women, on which subject he breaks forth into the warmest praises of the Al- mighty. This exactly applies to the Tscherkcssian women, who are still acoounted the most beau- tiful in all Asia. Massudi, an- other Arabian, who wrote near two centurirs earlier, about A. D. 947, says that many Mohhamme- dan merchants came every year to Ti«bisonde, on the sea of Constan- tinople, from Rum (Amtolia), Armenia, and the land of Kascbek; hat it is a question whether tike Tscherkessians are here meant, as he has not more preciselj described the situation of their country. It might be that at this early period they carried their slaves thither to market, as they lately did to Ads- pa, Dsugodshuk-Ckala, and other ports of the Black Sea. Be this as it may, so much at least is cerfaln, that the Tscherkessians first bore the name of Kasach, and it is very grobable that from them it may ave been transferred to other neighbouring nations who led the same kind of life as they did. Some writers have indeed asserted that Ckasack in the Turco-Tartar dia- lects signifies a robber, bat this is erroneous ; a sledge indeed is call- ed Ckasack, but it will scarcely be contended that the name can be thence derived. It is likewise re- markable that in later times the Russian Cossacks were termed Tscherkessians, and that both ap- pellations were indiscriminacely employed. Of all the dififerent Cossacks those of Little Russia are the most ancient ; for their origin dates from T 340, after the Poles had reduced Red Russia under their dominioo. It is probable that, on this event, many Russians emigrated from that country in order to seek an asylum lower down the Dnjeper, where they intermingled with the Tartars aod TscherkMians ; fior in general the Cossacks are of a much more slender make than the other Rnaaians, aod their features upon the whole more handsome and ezpreaaive. 'The Invasions of Russia by the Tartan, and in particalar the destroctioQ of Kiew in 1415, increased the nam- ber of these lefbgeea, who now ex- tended MISCELLANIES. 539 tended to the Bog and the Dniei- ter. Those who resided beyond the cttaracts of the Dnjeper now received the name of Saporogians, and these were the most powerfnl tribe. Thos^ thongh the Little Rossian Cossacks had long existed, it was not till late that they were distingoished bf this appellation. During the reign of the grand* prince Iwan Wassiljewitch I. the Tartar Cossacks first make their appearance : they were afterwards divided into those of Ordinsk and Asow. There were likewise Cos- sacks who were in the immediate service of certain Tartar princes ; and it is possible enough that they may have been originally body- guards of Tscherkessians. Thus Wassili Iwanowitscb, son of the prince just mentioned, had in his service Cossacks, whom he often employed in missions to the Krym. The Ordinsk Cossacks had their name from being dependant on the Great Orda, the chief settle- ment of the Tartars on the Wolga, as were the Asow Cossacks on Asow, consequently on the Turks^ who in 147 1 made themselves masters of that town. In 1500 Agus Tscherkass and Karabai were the chiefs of the Asow Cossacks, who inhabited the country between Asow and the Russian frontiers 5 and these seem to have intermingled most with their neighbours the Tscherkes- sians; for from that time the terms Tscherkessian and Cossack became synonymous. It is not surprising that they should retain their language and religion, for the Russians seem still to consti- tute the greater part of the nation. In later times we hare a itriki4g instance of a similar intenniz* ture; for about sixty years ago the Grebensk Cossacks on the Terek had so blended themselves with the Tschetschenzcs and other mountaineers as scarcely to be distinguished from them; but they still retained the Russian lan- guage, although they had taken foreign wives. The origin of the state of thn Don Cossacks ds^tes not much earlier than 1570, for many re- fugees had some time before set- tled on the Don and its branches ; but it was not till after the build- ing of Tscherkassk that their po- litical constitution was settled. The Zar Iwan Wassiljewitsch, on occasion of the expedition of the Turks against Astrachan in 1569, is said to have ordered out against them 5000 Saporogians from among the Tscherkessians (Cos- sacks) residing on the Dnjeper, under the conduct of Prince Mich- ael Wyschnewetskii, who, in con- junction with those established on the Don, gained a complete vic- tory over the Turks. It is related that the greater part of these 5000 men remained near the Don, and in concert with the Cossacks there founded the citv of Tscherktesk ; wheie, after tine manner of the Saporogians, they lived a long time without wives. Their losses were supplied by stragglers and unmarried men from the first co- lonies of the Don Cossacks. The troubles which soon afterwards broke out in Russia contributed to augment their numbers ; they ex* tended their possessions to the Donez, the Medwediza, the Cho- per and the Busoluk, and made the town of Tscherkassk thdr capital. These Cossacka soon became dangerooi 640 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. dduigerous to their neigliboors, so tliat it u'as found necessary to Batter them and to gain thein by presents, to prevent tbeoi from committing depredations and driv- ing away the flocks in time of peace, and in war to secure the aid of such brave and serviceable troops. At present all the Cos- sacks pay implicit obedience to the crown, And are as faithful subjects as any in the empire. Content with little, they patiently endure every kind of hardship ; bat they are the drst in war wher- ever there is an c^iportunity for plunder. Their country is not, strictly speaking, a Russian pro- ¥ioce, but has its peculiar govern- ment and constitution, and is undrr an Ataman or commander in chief, who on all occasions that arise communicates directly with St. Petersburg. This has inspired them with a manly love of free- dom which unfortunately is not to be found in the other Russians 5 but nevertheless perfect submis- sion to the orders o( tlieir supe- riors prevails among them. The fertility of the country, and their whole establishment, render them but little disposed to pursue agriculture with and producbs hiejSKi-sche and disorders of the stoiiiach. I here drank a light sort of red wine, which nearly resembles tbe Petit Bourgogne, and was of excellent flavour. Of this I took with me at my departure a half-anker ; bat it froze at a temperature of 00 lower than five degrees, so that I could use it no ot|ier way than mulled. The woipen of Tscberkassk may uppn the whole be pronounced handsome, and appear very showy, especially on holidays^ with their half oriental costiune. The use of paint is comnson at this place, as it is all over Russia i but here I think I observed this disgjLiise on the £ices of middje-aged ^rmalcs only. The young women and ^rls have a fresh complexion, and seem to employ few artificial means of improving their natural beauty. The principal church is one of the most remarkable objects in tbe town, not only on account of iu architecture, but for the prodigious quantity of gold, silvfcr, and jew- els, especblly pearU, which it con- taiosu All tb^ treasures formed part of the booty which the Cos- sacks have made in difierent wars, and particularly in Poland. Be- side 9 multitude of images of saints wrpu^t in gold, or over- laid with that metal, which ar< adorned with the largest and most costly stones, you here see an altar- piece of considerable height aod breadth, studded al) over with pearls, many of which afe of the largest size and finest quality. There is likewise luorje gold and sih*er ooia among the Cossacks than any where pUt ia Rnssiat Many of the wklows of people o£ diistinction bare whole pou full jof dncats lying in th^ booses. whu% MISCELLANIES. 541 xohxh pass fnxn father to un un- place, ind the great order wlikh diminiihed, and commonly wiih- prevails tbne; it were to be out ever being coQnled. wished that may such Armenian Since the foundation of the nni- towns might be foonded in other versitj of Charkow, the Gymna- parti of the Russian empire, sinm at Xscherkassk has been Nachtscbiwan signifies new let- placed on a better footing ; and I tlement, and has been thus named must own thai I scarcely ex- after a town of Armenia, where, peeled to find so good a seminary my* tradition, Noah, on detcend- among the Cossacks. During my tng from Motini Ararat, first bnttt (taj tberc was a public examina- himself a habitation. The sbopt lion, which was highly creditable here are particularly worthy of to the institotion ; and tnitb notice ; they form a long row, and obliges me to declare that it may are stocked with all kinds of com- vie with any other in Russia. The modities. In front of them turn Cossacks are qaick of apprehen- a broad and completely covered lion; (hey have shrewd under- pasuge, which ii lighted firom standings, atid are not deficient in above by windows, and has, on Asiatic Bcuteneas. This circum* accountof its heightand elegance, stance of itself evinces that they an imposing appearance. Ac- are not of pure Russian descent, cording to the Asiatic custom, the Thry are much addicted to intoal- mechanics work in their shops^ cation, but are ashamed to sufier and all the persons of the same its consequences to be publicly trade live 'near one another; as seen, which is not the case in the that yon here see a row of gold- rest of Russia ; for there, whcir a smiths, there another of baken, roan of quality reels along the tailors, &c. Nachtscbiwan ia Gtreets after a debanch, no one moreover a very populous and takes the least notice of it, neither lively place, does it cast the slightest impQta- My host, who wai iben cbidf tion on his character. The people magistrate [Goloura}, took a plea- «f Tscberkassk cjnose latber to sure in conducting me about every drink to excels at borne, and the where, and showed me in the fair sex make no scruple to partake town-bouse the license for build- in these Bacchanalian orgies, ing the town confirroed by the The little town of Nachtschi- empress Catherine II„ which, wan, built since the year 1790 by written in the Armenian language the Armenians who have eroi- and in large cbaracten, adomi the grated from the Krym, is only 38 Court of Justice. Cokxiel Awra- wents from l^herkasik. The mow, an Armenian by birth, htt road tbilber cnne» the Akssai, rendered great services to the and then leads on the right side of town, and was one of the original the Don past dangerous ravines, founders. At his faDUie I met in which nin small streanu that with two Armenian archimin- are dry in summer. I cannot de- dritet, who were on the way to scribe what an agreeable impres- the celebrated convent of £t«ch- ■ion was made upon tne by this miadsin. near Erlwan. At night perfisclly regular ind handsooie we had a trtily cheerful ball, at which 549 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. which however bat few Anne- nian females were present, because they live very retired, and sel- dom shew themselves to strangf rs. I returned the following day from Nachtschiwan to Tscher- kassky where I staid but a few hours, and immediately made an excursion among the Calmucks settled on the opposite shore of the Don. These^ like tlie Don Cos* sacks, to whom they are accounted to belong, are divided into regi- ments of 500 men, each of which is under a colonel and major (Jes- saul ) . Only one company of these Calmucks, under a Ssotnik, was encamped here in their ordinary felt- tents or jurtes, and they ap- peared to be in indigent circum- stances. These Calrouck Cos- tacks have by right their pasturage between the Don, the river Ssal, and the great Manytsch, and are totally distinct from the Wolga Cossacks in the government of Astrachan. On the Distribution of the Inhahi" tants of Russia. Translated by T, C, Hermann, from the Me- moirs of the Imperial Academjf of Sciences of St. Petersbwrgh. • Distribution according to the Na* tions. The total population of a coun- try makes us acquainted with its physical force; the distribution of that population gives us its moral force. Those people who are sprung from thosame origin usually speak the same language, and have the same matmen and costomt. Thi^ understand one another^ rescmUe one another, and consider tbem-* selves as members of the aame family* The more sav^e or bar- barous a people is, the more does (his difference influence its con- duct towards strangers^ It is veiy difficult for GovemmeDt to effine these characteristic distinctions, in order to establish the necessary union in a political body composed of different nations* The pro- gress of knowledge certainlj di- minishes the efiect of these na- tional distinctions. Hence it hap- pens that the higher ranks in all nations have a considerable resem- blance to each other : but know- ledge is not easily diffused anuMig the lower orders of society. The most enlightened governments have endeavoured to destroy these dis- tinctions. Bussia has at all times followed this great principle. The new divisions of France had the same object. England has at last admitted the Scotch and the Irish into her Parliament. Religion for a long time had a striking effect upon politics. From the end of the 15th century to that of the 17th the character of the politics of;, cabinets was reli- gious. The x8th century bears the character of the mercantile sys- tem : and that of the igth is re- volutionary. Various goTemments have adopted the principles of toleration : but in some states it b political, without being religious; in others religious but not politicaL It is only in France, in Prussia, and in Bussia, that it bears the double character of religion and politics. The distribution of pc^latioD according to the nadons ia one of the most interesting statistiGal h»- qoinas. The fanner ia attached to MISCELLANIES. 549 to Us fields, because upon them be has lavished his labours and the fruit of bis savings, lliese fields are the only sources of riches, aud consequently the possessors of them become by degrees the ab- solute masters of those that have none. Manufactures and com? mcrce open a new source of riches independent of the territorial pror perty. A third class of dtizcns interposes itself between the la- bourer of the fields and the pro- prietors of estates. They are justly called the third estate. They belong to the whole world. Know- ledge and the arts friendly to li- berty, comfort, and tranquillity spread with the greatest facility in this class. The want of the third estate stops the progress of know- ledge among a people of slaves ; and the German nations, notwith- standing their feudal system, were only more fortunate in possessing this third estate some ages before other nations. The nobility and the clergy form a political body between the soverdgn and the nation. Their number, their pro- perty, their privileges, require the greatest attention in order to be able to judge of the moral force of monarchies. The great armies kept up by all nations have esta- blished a military system in the midst of peace. This system, brought to perfection since the time of Louis XIV. and Frederick, n., has destroyed the finances, and •verturned several states. Formerly there were various states in Europe in which the so- vereign was limited by the privi- leges of the people. Those pro- vinces which had preserved par- ticular rights sometimes rendered the operations of government more slow and more difficult The origin of nations, then, re- ligion, the different orders of so- ciety, and the particular rights of certain provinces, are the pfin* cipal points of view under which we are about to contemplate the total population of Russia. Ethnography makes researchei into the origin of people, and the smallest tribe is classed apart, pro- vided it exhibits national diffe- rences. The writer on political statistics attends to these differences only when they have a marked effect upon the happiness of the state. Under the first pomt of view Russia contains nearly a hundred difierent nations] under the scs cond, European Russia iadud^ only three nations, the Sclavoni- ans, Finns, and Tartars. We might indeed include the inhabi- tants of Caucasus ; but they aire not numerous. Siberia, besides the Finns and Tartars, indodea likewise the Samojedes, and the people of the Mongole and Ame- rican race. But this population is Only in its infancy. 1. Thecentre of European Rus- sia is inhabited by the Russians. On the west and south-west are found the Poles. We shall not uselessly multiply the subdivisions of the Sclavonian race by stating particuhurly the inhabitants of Great and Little Russia, the Cos- sacks, Serbes, Wlachians, Alba- neis, Arnautes, Bulgarians, ice, which occur as foreigners or colo- nists in the governments of the south. How many subdivisions of this kind might be made in France and England. 3. AU 544 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. 1. All the north of Russia^ from Finland, by Archangel, Olonetz, Petenburgh, Novgorod, Wologda, Waetka, and P^m, is inhabited by Finlanders. Their numerous tribes are spread over the west and the east. In the west, by Esth- lande and Livonia, as far as Cnur- land ; in the east, by Ka»n, Nige- gOTod, Simbirsk, Resan,Tambow, Orenburgh, Saratow. They have passed the Oural, and are spread in the government of Tobolsk. 3. The Tartars occupy the sooth of Russia and of Siberia ; the Tartars of Kaian, of Astracan, of the Crimea, of Caucasus ; the Tartars of Tobolsk, ofTschoulym, Bochares, Teleutes, Abinzes on the Ob, the Tschoolym and the Tom ; foreign Tartars of Chiwa, of Persia, of Turquestan $ Noga- ens in the Crimea and on the Cooban, Baschkines, Metscher* jaeques, and several other tribes mixed with the Tartars and the Finns. The inhabitants of Caucasus are classed apart, but chiefly for the purposes of ethnography. 1 . The Samojedes are the first nation of Northern Siberia. Their tribes extend from the Frozen Ocean along the Jenisei, as far as Baikal, and stretch from the Ob very for into the eastern parts of Siberia. 2. Their neighbours are the American tribes, the Tsuktsches, the Kamtschadales, and the inha- bitants of the Aleootes and Cou- riles Archipelagos. 3. In the south of Siberia occur differenc tribes of the people called Mongoles. Ti^ distribution of the popula- tion of Rpssia cannot be stated with the same accuracy as in Ans^ tria, where the different nations have difier«?nt privileges. The Russian govemmeit having given to all its subjects the same privi- legrs, and imposed on them the same duties, never requires ffom the governors information respect- ing the national diflTerrnoes. Of consequence the statements of the population in 1796^ 1803, and 1804, and several other particular reports which I have consulted, give us no information on the sab- ject. Their principles of divt^ioo are financial and military. The statements of the population of Siberia have more of this kind of ftcts, because they are necessary there in a financial point of view. I ouffht to repeat here that all my calcmations are founded on the statements drawn up by order of government, which are always the most probable. I know well their imperfections; but I am aware also of the vagnenesa of all other calculations. The most interesting qoettkn is. How much may we estimate, with the greatest degree of pro^ bability, the population of the nations not Rdssian ? I. PbUs. Poland in 1772, according to the researches of Count Tscnatdi, a learned Polish author, had a po- pulatkxi of 14 millions. Polaod was entirely divided 13 years after between Austria, Prussia, and Russia. Gallicia fell -to the share of Austria. This province is di- vided into eastern and westers, with Bukowtne. An ennmera- tkximadein 1807 gives to westcAi Gallicia, Males MISCELLANi£$; US Make 646^713 Females 660,550 InbabiUDU 1,307,262 To Eastern Gallicia, with Buckowine, Males. i>863,904 Feooales 1,923^004 Inhabitants 39785,908 The sum total is. Males 2,5iO|6i6 Females 21580,554: Inhabitants. 59091,170 Prussia had in the departments of Lithuania, Posen, Kalisch, War- sovia, Btalistok, and Plotz, lohabitants of towns 5379074 Inhabitants of the country 2,034,615 Inhabitants 2,572,689 Rusda liad, according to General Opperman, in 1796, Inhabitants, at the first division of Poland, in 1773 19236,966 at the second, of 1793 3*745*663 at the third, of 1795 ••. M0794^2 Inhabitants 6,379,031 These provinces form at present seven govemtnents: VitelMk and Mohilew, or White Russia 3 Wilna and Grodno, or Lithuania | Minsk ; Volhynia; and Poddia. White Russia was acquired in 17731 the other governments in 17934 and! thay were increased at the last divinonof 1795. The statements respecting' the population of these governments which I have consulted are. Vitebsk and Mohilew. Vilna and Grodno. . . . Minsk . Volhynia Podolia 7369376 males 79^9633 576,027 568,578 576,027 3*253*641 This statement does not include the females. 2. Two tables of the total number of inhabitants made in 1803 and 1804 by the Minister of the Interior : — C Malifs . . ( Females S Males . . Females r Males . . Vilna ) Females ' * * j Males . . f Females Vol. LVl. . . 302,286 7 , . 297,410 S *• 343*716 . . 330*624^ . .403,219 . . 397*240 ..403,614 • • 397,581 . . 470,064 • -455,143 . . 465,234 . . 460,046 In 1803— Total 599,696 In 1804— ^Total 674,340 Difierence 749644 In 1803— Total 800,459 In 1804 — ^Total 800,995 Difference 536 In 1803 — ^Total 925,307 In 1804 — ^Total 925,: 70 Difference 63 3N 546 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. ( Males ..•. 300,278 7 t o r« , Grddno . . . ^ Female* ..290,782! ^° 1803-Total 591,060 ( Same number repeated in the table for 1804 ' ^ Males .... 43 1 ,586 7 Jn 1 804— Total 858,5 26 C Femalei . . 426,940 j Di&rence 9,867 "^ • • j Males 564.586 I In 1 804— ToUl 1,086,768 C Fenwles . .522,182 j Diffcrcocc 3,232 • • • J Males 579.*»5 l 'n 1804— Total 1,136,085 C Females . . 556,370 j Difference 44,060 Total for 1803 — Males *, ... 3,034,501 Females 2,926,875 Inhabitants 5»96>»37^ Totol for 1804— Males 3,088,219 Females 2,984,825 Inhabitants ^ . . 6,073,044 According to these data the way. In the ministerial state- population would have gained men ts of 1803 and 1804 itisol>- 1 1 1 ,668 5 but it is more probable served, " The real mimber of in- that this apparent augmentation is habitants is greater thaa is marked the effect of repeated mistakes in in these statements ; for it has the enumerations. The difference been found that the numbers given between the statement of General by the governors do not much Opperman in 1 796, and the popu- exceed those which give only the lation of 1804, is considerable, persons comprehended in there- amounting to 305»987. In ge- visions. We may safely add 20,000 neral the £rst enumerations give inhabitants to every govemmeot.** the smallest sums; but in this If we add, then, for the seven case we see the contraij. It is governments, 140,000, the total probable that during the nrst years number in 1804 will be 6,2 I3»e44 ; there took place a silent emigra- which di£^8 by 164,987 fiocn lion, similar to what happened in the number of inhabitants assigqed the Tauride, an event pretty com- in 1796. mon in countries newly occupied; From these data Austria appean But the difference appears too to have ip her Bolish provinces, gteat to be accoimted fer in this 5><>9^i7oiohabitants. Prussia 3,372,689 Enssta 6,313,044 10,876,903, ff MISCELLANIES. 547 If we coniiilcr the imperfection In 1 804— Male* 94>397 of sDch enunierationt, we may Females .... S7i993 suppote the round number of 14 ' ■ millions, which Count Ttcbatzki Inhabitants.. 183,390 gave in 177a. Hence it appears that ihe population of Poland is The tirst of these numbers is Btalionary. " eridcntly die revisionary prasants, Ruuia received by the peace of and confirms the trmark jast TiUiCandof Vienna about 600,000 made; for at the fifth revtnon oT new Poliih subjects; w that the 1796 ibere wcrs found 3,247' total number of Polish Rnssiant malesin iheolher classes : namefy, amount* 10 6,800,000. clergy, 317; nobles, 531; free- U. Peojile »/ tie Firmisk race. men nut included in the Other Inhabitants of ancient Russian classes, 117; merchants, 408 j Finland. At the fourth revision arti'ianK, 1854. We cannot quite of 17S2 there were reckonrd, double this number for the fe- Malej 93>234 males, because all the tables show Females 93,266 thiii the number of females is in- ferior to that of males; but wo Inhabitants 186,500 may at least add 60,000 to fy^ Among whom were 64,543 population of 1803. The state- peasants of Ihe crown, and a,a07 ment of 1804 is rather imperfect; belonging 10 individual!: total of but it approaches nearest the peaaants, 66,750, truth. At the fifth revision, of 1796, As there are few Russians in there were 93,684 males; among F'nland, we may suppose i3i,ooo whom were S7>379 peasants of Finos in that government accordr Ihe crown, 2,038 belonging to ing to the dafa of 1803, domains, and 30,000 lo indivi- An enumeration made In Swe- duals : sum total of peasants, dm in 1805 gives to Fm land for - 89,447. merly Swedish 895,773 inbabi- A partial enumeration ef 1797, lants : namely, gnve 89,188 peasants. The first commission for the Nobles 2.534 sSiiirs of Fmland, established on Clergy 4.019 the 191b of May, 1803, indicated Biirghtrs i'.4S4 64,074 peasants of the crown, and Peasants 713.285 28,000 belonging to individuals i Persons not included in total 92,074. This appears the these classes 164,480 most rxaci numbrr. The siaiements of the total po- Thus the sum toul in old and pulaiion presented lotbe Minister new Finland is 1,077,773 inha- of the Interior differ very little bitants. from the preceding statement. The Ischnres, or Finns of Ingrla, They make constitute the great majority of In 1803 — Males 92.195 tlie inhabitants of the ccuiutry in Femalei .... 90.196 the government of Peters bnrgh. At the,fifth revisicn ibete were Inhabilantt, . 182,591 ii ">■* goveTntncot, 2 N 2 Peatint: '* 548 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. Peasants belongiog to indmdaals 122,913 ^ domains 141678 * ■ the crown . . . 30,827 168,418 A tabic drawn ap for the tax on ^irits in 1803 gives almost the same number, though otherwise distributed : Peasants belonging to individuals 123,055 'domains 1*42 1 •the crown .. . 43,558 168,034 Another report respecting the distribution of salt gives 168,602 peasants. The sutemenu of the general population of this government give for 1803 the number of re- Tisionaries, Males 168,900 Females 170,989 Inhabitants 339>d^ The statement for 1804 (exclud- ing the capital) is more exact i namely. Males 268,748 Females 270,920 Inhabitants 539>668 We may therefore reckon the Ischorcs inhabiting the govern- ment of Si. ^ersburgh at 330,000. llie Jschores inhabit the north- ern parts of the government of Novgorod. Iheir number is reckoned in the circle of Ticbwia at 15,000 men, in the circle of Belosersk at io«ooo> wad in the circle of Kirilow at about the same. Hence there exist in this government about 35,000 maies^ or 70,000 individuals of this race. The Ischores, or rather the Finns of Carelia, were the old in- habitants of the government of Olonetx. At present ttiey consti- tute no more than a third of tbe population of the country, which according to a table drawn up in 1804 amounted to 91,482 males i so that 30,000 males, or 60,000 Ischores of t>oth sexes, is their amount. From these data tho nnost pro- bable amount of the Ischores is as follows : Ibchores of St. Pe- teriiburgh 330,000 ■■ Novgorod 70,000 Qlonctz . 6o,oco 460,000 The Laplanders of Archangel amount to 1 200 families, or aboui 4800 individuals. This number will not appear too great if we consider the imperfect state of the enumeration of the nomades. The £sthes, a people of the Fmnish race, are" spread over Li- vonia. The Livonians, the ancient inhabitants of the country, exist in a very small number upon tbe little river Salis. They have been confounded among tbe Lettes, a Sclavonian people, and among tbe Ksthcs. Of tbcfie last there were in tbe circle of Walk about 2,000 males} in the circle of Wenot, 28,394 in the country, and 126 in the town ; about 10,000 in tbe couatry in the circle of Dorpat, and 1,625 ^*^ ^^c town; ia tbe drde of Fellin, 18,388 iu tbe country, and 76 in the town; and, finally, in the circle of PrmaUt 33,158 : making a total of 93,767 roalesi or 187,534 individuals. l*hcse data are not new ; bat the population in Livonia having made MISCELLANIES. 549 made little progress, ia 1792 there were Males a68,8of Females 369,580 538,471 And in 1800— Males . . 385,493 Females. 385,431 ^ 570-9M We make use of them as terms of approximation. As for the Estbes of Esthland there were in 1795, Peasants belonging to individuals 93, t 5^ domains . .... 1,638 the crown ... 6, 1 73 ■ If ■ 100,967 In 1797 there were reckoned 99,484 peasants, almost the same number. In 1803 the whole of the popu- lation was. Males 107,357 Females 105,591 anes, 49,088 Tscberemisses, or io all about 511,653 individuals. The Ostiaques on the Ob, in tb* government of Tobolsk, amount to 18,691 males : the Tepteri and Bobilei, a Finnish and Tartar tribe, in the government of Perm, to 1,838 males; making a total of 20,539 males, or 41,058 indi- viduals. The result of these data re« specdng the Finnish nations ii as follows :— Fmns i#077,773 Ischores 4601000 Fstbes 389^468 Tschuwasches, Mordo* anes, and Tscbere- misses 5ii»65i Permaeques, Wogules, and Wotjaeques • . . i,039 Syrjaenfs 3,ooo Diplanders. .•.••.••• 4,800. •*— ■■■■^^"■^ 3^492.779 We may estimate the whole Finnish people therefore at two millions and a half. Individuals 31 3,948 By doubling the data for 1795 we should have the number df 389,468 for the Esthes in Livonia. The Syrjaenes, a tribe of Finns in the government of Wologda and Perme, do not exceed a few thousands. The Permaeques, the Wogules. and the Wotjaeques, according to the st9tements in the tables of the governments of Tobolsk and Toipsk, amount to 3,017 males^ or about 5,038 individuals. The Tscbouwasches, the Mor^ duanes, and the Tscberemisses, according to the financial table of 1795, aoDoont to the number of 3^5,836 males: namely, 144,006 IjcbonwaKhes, 62,733 Mordu- III. Tartars. Tartars of Kasan.— The state- ments of the population of this government in i8oa make it 47,801 males; a number approach- ing to thatof Georgi (t. iii. p. 363), obtained from the third revision^ of 1763: namely 48,713 males. We may estimate the total at 95,603. Tartan of Astracban.— From the statemenu of 1801, .the no- mades Tartan amounred to 6,703 families, or about 36,813 indivi- duals! the Tartars dwelling in fixed habitations, 9,508 males $ making a sum total of 45,838 in- dividuals, y Tartan of the Crimea and Ecathefinoilaw. — According 550 ANNUAL EEGISTER, 1814. Pallas (Voyage dans les Provinces Meridionales de la Russie, t. ii. p. 347,) they amount to 120,000 ifiales. The statements resi)ecting the Tartar population of this go- vernment arc very imperfect. The Tartars have long been in the liabit of withdrawing themselves from the revision. On that ac- count the estimate of Pallas is the most probable. The Tartars of Pcrrae, accord- ing to Mr. Bakarewitsch, in his work, entitled. Statistical Descrip- *tion of Siberia drawn up from the Reports made to the Minister of the Interior, published in 1S10, amount to 5,639 males, and the Tartars of Tobolsk to 25,820 j making together 31,440 males. . Tartars of Caucasus. — The re- turns of 1802 mark only those of Tarkow, to the number of 1 200 fiimilies. From these data there are, Tartars of Kasan 95>6o2 Astrachan 45^828 Cricaea and Ecatber- inoslaw 340^000 Siberia 62,898 Caucasus 4,800 Total 449,i»8 But as all the statements of the population of these people show that the number of females is in« ferior to that of males, it may be necessary to strike off about 30,000 on this account. Their number will then be conformable to the statement of Mr. Storcb, who, estimating the Russian Tartars at 200,000, and those united to Russia by th« treaties of peace of 1774* ^7^3> and 1791^, at 214,318, makes the sum total amount to 414,318 individuals. The Baschkines, the Metscbe- raeques, theBouchanu, theTascb- kinzi, the Jakoutes, and the Kir- gises, are likewise of the Tartar race. According to the statements of 1802 and 1803 there were Baschkincs and Metscheraeques, in the govern- 1 , , ^ o 1 ment of Perm J ^*^^ males Boucharzi and Taschkinzi, in the governments 1 ^ of Tobolsk and Tomsk J ^'°^^ Jakoutes of Tobolsk , 258 Jakoutes of Irkoutch 50,67^ Or 134,674 individuals ; so that the sum total of Tartars is 583.802. But we must strike otF 30 or 40,000 oil account of the defici- ency of women. This will reduce the number to 550,000. IV. Inhabitants of Caucasus subject to Russra. The statemeoto of 1803 mak« their number 67*337 Males 37*658 Females 32,303 Individuals 69,861 The statements of 1804 make Males 34*^9 Females 29^^^ Individuals 644089 V. Samojedes The MISCELLANIES. 551 The ■tatemcDb of 1803 and 1804 give 3,000 &milic* of Sarno' jede*. Tlie Anierion Iribci arc not numeroui. The numbera given id the above-meutioned tiaiementi Albutari 346 Joulcagires 505 Karagasu 163 KamlBchadales .. . . 1,783 . Karae<]ues 1,224 4,030 males Or 8,040 individuals. These, with ii,ooo Samojedts, make 30,040 iiidividunU. Noihing can be more imperfect than the rnumerations of tliese tribes in tbc nortli of Siberia. Several are notcvenknown. Even in the present year ([810) several tribes of Jukoutes sent a deputa- tion to Tobolsk bearing the act of their submission ; for, say they, we have Icarnl that our brethren are happy under your dominion. His Majesty our august Emperor ordered each of these deputies to receive a tabre as an honorary dis- tinction. According to the statement! made to llie Minister of the In- tcrior there are, Buraetes or Bratzki 58,767 Calraucks of Tobolsk . . 1,158 Calmucksof Astrachan, or 13,000 familiea.. . 50,000 Mongoles 96 Tungusei of Irkoutzk . . 11,833 Tunguies of Tobolab. . . 1,998 Lamnti 976 Tscbapogiii 308 And besides 33,090 individuals who were exempt from the im- posts : about 140,215 males, or 298,450 individuals. The known number of all these tribes does not surpass 300,000 individuals. 1 add a general sialerrtent re- specting all the nomadn of Russia. In 1803, according lo the siate- ments laid before the Minister of the Interior, they amounted to Males 652,000 Females 47 1,000 Individuals , All the reports show that these tribes have a deficiency of women ; but it is true likewise th;il the women are not so carefully re- gistered as the men, because tbey pay no impocts. The preceding results gives ua the following table of the people subject lo the Russian empire that are not Russians : Poles 6,800,000 Finlandcrs 2,500,000 Tartars 550,000 Caucasians 60,000 Sacnojedes, and other Siberiatu 300,009 10,110,000 This ii the probable number resulting from the statements at present in our possession. But it is proper to remark that all the statements respecting the popu- lation of Russia, being drawn up for financial or military purpotea; are *ery exact respecting those in- cluded in the diss of revisionariest but very inaci:urale as lar aa re- spects the other dastei, end con* sequeotly upon the whole.»lwafS 553 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. below the tmth. We nqr tbere- fore reckon in the ein[Hre too miUiona and a half of aabjecti who arc not Riuuaiu. The DDOiber of iohabitanU at prcKnt in Riuua it 41,953,483, and this antnber U certainly a noi- piraiuii. According to Ibne data tbe number of Buuian inbatntlnti ■nuHinti 10 31,043,483, and the fbreigncn Eiibject to ihe empire do not exceed one quarter of the whole people. This i* a propor- tion Tciy advantagroui for the ruling nation. Tbe variacioni in llie total amouDt will not alter this proportion. And theie 3 1 milHons of Rat- (iani bare the incitimable advan- tage of a coDcenirated popublion, while the other nationi are apread over a prodigioui extent of coontrj. The Rniiian nation fornM the centre of tbii immrnse empire, it inhabit* the best caliinted province*, and is the- beat fi- ttiated for communicating both by land and water. The aouth of Rnssia begin* to be peopled by the lurplos of the Riuaiaa papu- lation. All theae advantages dou- ble the force of tbe Rusaian nation, and ensure it the moat decided prepoudertmce. Qfficuf Account of the Festival given iy lie City ef London to ikt Emperor of Russia, the King ofPnUtia, the Princt Regent of £ag- ^a, (md other Ifot/ql and NoUe Personages. RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORD MAYOR, ALDERMEN AHB COUHONB, Of ihe Gly of Loniion in CbntmaH ComihcU atumbltd. We of yoor Committee appointed by this Honourable Court tbf eighth day of June lait, conusliDg of THE RIGHT HON. WILUAM DOMVILLE, LORD MAYOR. It Kidivd Cur 01yii,Bi air latnci Shaw. But- Sir Ctiudiui StcptacD Honter, SimucI Binfa. Bcq. Chnuphet Smith, Em. ymam Hf ygatt, Ekj. dell. £t<). Deputy WilU«n Child, £«. Depuir Mr. John RTliad Maudit, Mr, Siinuel Hile, Alderman, Sir WiUiim &«>>. B»tt. Sir John Eimrr, KnUht. Ki Chulu FUnm, But. JobD PnrtpOi RobfTt WahhoH Mr. Ri^)«n wahhaifi, Kb. Joho DpMT, MISCELLANIES. Ml. Zdnrd Fiiibf, Thamii Gncnawiy, Bu. Deputy Samuel HifWird, Etq. Dtpul]r Mr. Thomu Mamon, William Boi, Eiq. Dcpui; Fnnci* Piyatd, Eiq. Deputy Kir. jamu Jicki, to prepare iheAddreiset of thii Honourable Court, to be pr*- ■eoted to hi* Imperial Majesty, ibe Emperor of all tlie Russia;, ■nd bis Majcsijr tbe KiDg of Prus- sia ; and to consider what further steps might be necesury to be adopted on the part of the Corpo- raiioD of London, to evince the tense they entertained of tbe High Honour conferred on the Metro- polls of this Enopire, by the pre- sence of such ilhisirioDB Tisitora; and who by their report of the fol- lowing day (9lh June last), re- commended, that an Entertain- ment suitable to the dignity of thii City should be provided at the Guildhall, at which His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, nlso His Imperial Majesty tbe Em- S TOT of all the Iluisias, and Hit ajesly the King of PniisiB should be reqaesled to honor this City with their presence j which Report was unanimously approved by this Honourable Court, and the Lord Mayor, Recorder, and SheriSs attended by the Remen- brancer, were directed to wait on His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, the Emperor of all the Russia), and the King of Pnuala, and humbly request them in the name of Ibis Honorable Court, to honor this Corporation trilh tbair Royal Presence at dinner in the Goildh*ll of this City, and upon the RrpreseoUlion loade by the Right Honorable the Lotd Mayor, to thii Honorable Coort on tbe JoHvh Diker, Eiq. Dipulf Dinitl Purd«, Kiq. Uiputy Williim lokm Rnvci, iinl Dtpmy Mr. Thmnai Ayni, Edmid Colcbaicb, Eiq. Dtpuljr Ml. Simucl Dixun, Mr. Tlioinit BeU, the following day, (loth of June). That his Lordship had bad an aadience with the Prince Regent, who was pleated gradooily to accept tbe invitation of this Ho- norable Court to the dinner at Gnildhall, and took npon himself (o communicate the invitation to His Illustrious Vuiiors, HU Im- perial Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, and His Majesty tbe King of I^ssia, who, be had no doubi, would be as happy as hitn* self to wail upon the Corporatitm of the City of London, your Com- mittee were fully empowered by this Kononble Court, to proceed in preparing the proposed enter- tainment in «uch manner as they should see fit, and to give every necessary direction accordingly. Do certify, ihal your Committee inet on the same day immediately after the adjournment of the Court ; and having appoinied Mr. Alderman Birch Chairman of tho Committee, we gave directions to tbe Clerk of the Works, to take tucb immediate meaiurea for pre* paring Guildhall for the Royal Festival, end to employ lucb ar- liScera and workmen as be might think necessary, in order tointars the completion of tbe whola within the short space of time allowed for that purpose. (Sa« turday the tSlb of Juae, having been appointed by his Royal High- neu the Prince R^ent for th« celebration of the Festival), and we deaired him to prepare a plan 554 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. of tbe Hall, properly amoged fdr the reoeption of the Prince Uegeat sod his Illustrious Visitors. Your Committee being anxious that every thing should be exe- cuted in the most superb manner, on this highly important occasion, gave immediate directions for pre- paring a sumptuous and splendid entertainment, and finding it would be impracticable to complete in lime the numerous arrangements necessary to be effected, unlqss different departments were placed under the management of distinct Sub-committees, we appointed the following, viz. I St. For directing and superin- tending the various fittings up in the Hall, and the making proper and commodious avenues thereto. 2d. For providing and taking charge of the plate to be used on the occasion. 3d. For providing the necessary china, glass, linen, and all other articles and things in the butlerage department. 4th. For providing tbe most rare and choice wines, for taking care of and superintending tbe re- ceipt and delivery of tbe same. 5th. For managing, directing, and superintending the necessary regulations for the admission of the company, the conducting the ceremonies to take place, and for the general appropriation and ac- commodation of the company in the Hall and the Galleries. By the foregoing classification^ and the permanent sitting of the Grand Committee, to receive and confirm from time to time the several proceedings of the Sub- committees, as well as to give fur- ther instruct iona and powers as circumstances required^ the whole was executed in a stile of the first magnificence and spleinior. Your Committee lumog di- rected Mr. Remembrancer to pio- cure lists of the persons in the Suites of His Royal Highness tiie Prince Regent, the Emperor of Russia, and the King of Prussia, ai well as of the Great Officers cf State, Foreign Princes, Ministen, Noblemen, and persons of dis- tinction then in London, found that the number together with the £nglish Nobility and persons of distinction, whom it was ihoogbt proper to invite on the occastoo, totally precluded the possibility of entertaining the ladies of the mem- bers of the Corporation in the bodj of the Hall : at tbe same time your Committee considering, that the general effect of tbe coup d*oeilofthe Entertainment would be lost without their presence, directed spacious galleries to be erected in the Hall for their ac- commodation, and Mr. Town- Clerk, and Mr. Comptr<^er having handsomely offered the use of their houses, the same were ac- cepted, and the latter was wholly appropriated to the accommodation of the Ladies, as being more con- venient from its situation and &• cility of access to the Galleries, drawings of which galleries «e have caused to be made ; but your Committee recommend, that a perspective view of the whole should also be made as being more explanatory than any written de- scription, or architectural draw- ing. The Worshipful Company d Coopers having also obligingly granted the use of their kitchen^ your Committee weie enabled to provide an entertainmeBt for the ladies MISCELLANIES. SSS ladies present (amongst whom were many of high distinction), scarcely inferior to that in the Guildhall, and by the arrange- ments madr in the furroing the communicati«)ns to tbe diti'erent apartments of Mr. Comptroller's bouse, and the Irish chambers, by cutting through tbe stone walls of the bailding, and erecting a co- vered bridgeway^ opening from various parts of the Galleries, tbe readies were at all times enabled to pass with perfect ease, to and from their respective seats, and to partake of the refreshments which were provided for them. The following Illustrious Noble and Distinguished Personages were present at this festival. The Prince RegenVs List. His Royal Highness the Duke of York. His Royal Highness die Duke of Kent. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge. His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester. The Lord Steward, Earl of Cholmondeley. The Lord Chamberlain, Marquis of Hertford. The Master of the Horse, Duke of Montrose. The Lord of the Bed Chamber in Waiting, Lord Boston. The Groom of the Bed Chamber in Waiting. The Equerry in Wailing. The Page in Waiting^. The Vice Chamberlam, Viscount Jocelyn, The I'reasurer of the Household, Lord Charles Bentinck. The CompttoUer of the Household, Lord George Beresfbrd. The Capuin of the Yeoman of the Guard, Earl of Macclesfield. Sir William Congreve, Bart. Colonel Bloomfield. The Gold Stick, Earl of Harrington. The Silver Stick, General Barton. William Adam, Esq. Chancellor to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent* Joseph Jekyll, Esq. Auomejr General - \^^ ^^ Royal Highness WiUiam Draper Best, Esq. Solicitor General j the Prince Regent. The Emperor of Russia's List. Grand Duchess of Oldenburgh, I^ Princesse Volkouski,") Mile Aladenske, (For the Grand Le Pnnce Ga^arine, f Duchess. Le Col. Arsinieif, J S. A. S. Le Prince d'Oldenburgh, (Royal) S. A. S. Le Prince de Cobourg, (Royal) Marechal Barclay de ToUy, Comte de Tolstoy, General Orwaroff, General Platoff, Comte RaeumoflSdcy, Prince Volkonske, Princess Volkonski, Comte Ozaroffitk^, General Tchernicheff, General Potemkin, Prince Cxeretorink6| Comte Nesselrode, Countess Nesselrode, M d'AustelU Sir James Willie, &c. in, ' Colonel Brosine, M. Bultakow, Count Lieven, Countess Lieven, Baron Nicolai, Count Woronzow Dasehkan, Count Potochi, Count Orlow, Consul General M. Doubatchifiky, The Reverend Mr. Smimove, General Count Woronzow, Lieutenant General Comte Worooxow, General Benkendor£ The 556 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. The King of Prussia s List, PriBce Royal of Prunii, Princt WiUUin Son of the King, Prince Frederick Nephew of the King, Princt Henry Brother of the King, Prince Wiliiaoi Brother of the King, Prince Augustus Cousin of the King, Prince Chtrles of Mecklenhurgh, 3Prince Radsivi), (Royal) Prince Hardenbcrg, Duke of Saxe Weimar, (Royal) K^rshal Prince Blucher, Le General Comte de Yorck, Le General Comte de Bulow, Lieutenant General de Knerabutt, lieutenant General de Haak, Le Minister de Humbold, Le Minister de Buknr, Le Minister de Jacobi KJocst, Le General de Rauch, Le Grand Ecuyer General de Yojo, Le Chambellan de Honnbbld, Le Colonel de Nabsmer, Comte de Schwerin, Le Major Brareshets, Le Lieutenant Colonel Thule* Comte de Brandenberg. Conseiller d* etat Ancellan, ConseiUer de cabinet Albruht, Le ChambeUan Comte de Btuhl, Le Chambellan Comte de Anune» Le Major de Hedeman, Le MajOT de Roeder, Le Major Comte Norlitz. Great Oficers of State. Archbishop of Canterbury. Larl of Harrowbv, Lord Prendfnt of the CoundL Earl of Westmorland, Lord Privy SeaL Marquis Camden. Earl of Buckinghamshire, President of the Board of ControuL Earl Bathurst,His Majesty's PrinciMil Secretary of State, War DepArtmeciu Eari of Liverpool, First Lord of theTreafury. Right Honourable William Fitsgerald.") Honourable B. Paget. f Xxn-ds Commissioners of the Viscount Lowther. | Treasury* C. Grant, Jun. Esq. J Earl Mulgrave, Master General of the Ordnance. Viscount Sidmouth, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State, Home Department. Viscount Castlereagh, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State, Foreiga Depertioeflfr ViKount Melville, First Lord of the Adminlty. Admiral Sir Jos. S. Yorke. x Rt. Hon. Wm. Dundaa. J Admiral G. J. Hoj;^. f Lords Commissioners of the $ir George Wahrender, Bart, r Admiralty. John Osbom, Esq. m Lord Henry Paulet. J Viscount Palmerston, Secreury at War. Xiord Bishop of London. The Speaker of the House of Commoni. The Master of the Rolls. The Chancellor of the Exchequer. Right Hon. Charles B. Bathurst, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, The Treasurer of the Navy. The Vice Chancellor. Right Hon. Robert Peel, Secretary of State for Ireland. EHgiiik MISCELLANIES. EagUih Miilily and Persom af Disllnctlan: Lady Ciillcrci Lotd Hulbnd. LoTil Eitkioi. Lord Sttvirt. Ri|h« Hon. Sir John fiorlue Tana, Bin. Richi Hon. Gcoiec Pootoobt. Samuel Whilbrti3,E)q. ' Right Hon. Gnrie 'liernnr. T.W.Cok.,E«i. ' Sir Ardiur KioR. "'- Huliii(>,ei,. Rt. H^. CA^buthno S. R, Lu(hinRan,Siq. Ceor(c HiiriMo, Biq. Ri. Hon.J RAiK- lohn Beckett, Eia. W.Himikon,^. Major- Cenenl Bnnbarv. HeaivGoulbuta.iii]. Admiia] Blwkvood. ^ S(Cletui«i V Dflh* J Tnttury. Setr, af Si HiiRojiil I^reign MinuUri. n Fcraui Nuaei, (3cuidi).1 ■ > .i.H.P»(el,(botd>). J "Mtart- Hi> Serena HighMM iba Piinu of ConmFi Onoge. CoiiDt \ Hii Roj'tl HiEhaeu the Prince Rojil of ModlH __„_., Wineniberr. Buoo RthiUMO, (Sirednb) ice Rojal of Count St. MuUo d'AMt, (Sudinii) BuoaVinderDujndcMaudani, (Dutch). ii »i)chnen the Duke of OrleHii- Mod. de PloAt. (Bmrn) ' rince Meiieniich, ( Aiutriu). Count de BonUinitn, (WiRMnberi') ;iDce LichteDitctD, Do. Msn.de Bonri:*, niinufa). ' "--'--ber^.tHinoYeriiB) Counl Muwwr, (Hmmr^-- MoD. Rtmadmi, (Tutkiib) Robert Cheiur, Eiq. Muter of the Ctremoaiet. TheJuSgetoflbelUilin. William Mellith, Etq. leremiih Hamuli, Eiq. Covanor, and Depuiv Covamot, of the Bank of Eucbtid. John lu Jii. El,. Deputy Chiirman of ihe Hon. £ ■range of galleries were suspended cil Chamber, and ^ove the ladiea* large superb cut-glasa cbandelicrs, galleries i this w^s-. effected hyjm- andorerihcgrcatcDrnice,andTest- moving ihe great clock, and had iag thereon; the entire length of tbis adcaniage, that Irom thehe^bt Ihe ball on each tide wasillutni' of the banda the eflect was.mar^ oiinated by a beautiful cordon of imposing, and the ladies' gallerjr ' Qncoloured lamps, and the Royal on this side of the hall corre»- ^anoer and the Banners of the ponded with the op{x>site, and w» City, and the twelve principal not interfered with by ihc arrange- Companies, were displayed under- ments, as the access to the muaic Dead). The galleiics trrmtoating galleries was obiained from tb« by circular ends at the monu- roof. , . meols rder addretted His Royal Highness as follows : •' May your Royal Highness be pleaseii. to accept our heartfelt thanks for the honour conferred by this Royal Visit, and to receive the sincere weiconie of his Majesty's most faithfbl and loyal Citiceils, into the ancient Metropolis of these Rf*alms. The gracious condescension of your Royal Highness, and of the high and illustrious Sovereigns^ your Royal Visitors, in receiving at our hands such Entertainments as t lie time has permitted us to pro- vide, makes this a proud and glo- rious day for the City. It is an u^parallelled honour> which will sit close and dear for ever to oar hearts. Britons, Sir, boiast, that their energies were cheerfully combined Vv'ith your Royal Highness's wis- dom and perseverance^ to inspirit the Continental Powers to force Europe into Peace, and that they gave effect to the arms and valour of the mighty Potentates, whose auspicious presence we this day hail. After England's example, the glorious Victories achieved by them put the finishing stroke to the dreadful scourge of war, and the World, blessed by a long ReigD of Peace, will transmit your United Names with Thanksgiving, with Honour, and with Glory to ages yet unborn. Permit me. Sir, in the Name of the Corporation of London, thus highly distinguished, to entreat of your Royal Highness, and of your Royal and Illustrious Visitors, that whatever you shall find of defect in preparing things worthy of your reception^ may be imputed Dot to neglect, not to ioaensibility. for the heart that would not 1>e overcome by such gracious conde* scen^ion, or would forbear to 6xert its every power humbly to ac^ knosvledge it, could not inhabit as we believe an English bosom : oar hearts alone, and our means must be in ^ult, our Loyalty and Love can never fail." His Royal Highness was pleased to make a most gracious reply, aod then addressing himself to thb Lord Mayor said, " It has been always the custom, when the So- vereign paid a visit to his faithfbl City of London, to confer a mark of favor on its Chief Magistrate. At no period could this be mors properly done, than on an occasion so advantageous to the Country as the present, when the return of Peace so long desired, and which was. the sole object of all our efforts, had been so glorious!/ achieved by the valour of his Majesty's arms, in conjunction with those of His Illustrious Allies; nor could it be conferred on a. person more truly worthy of it, by every public and private virtue than his Lordship ; and he had great satisfaction in having the power to confer a signal mark of the Royal Favour upon him.** His Royal Highness was then graciously pleased to order Letters Patent to be prepared, for granting the Dignity of a Baronet to the Lord Mayor, who kissed hands on the occasion. At seven o'clock dinner was announced, and the Royal and Illustrious Company passed from the drawing rooms into the Hell in regular State Procession, the Bands of their Royal Highqes|sei the Prince Regent and the Diik^ of York in the rDuiic galleries, 3 O 2 p^^y^L 564 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. ^yiDg national and appropriate mn. The City Officers, ihe AU 4eiiiien and the Lord Mayor car- rying the State Sword, preceded his Royal Highness the Prince Segent, who with the Emperor and Grand Dachess, the King of IVussia* and the Princes 'of his family, followed by the Illustrious Gudrts, walked round the Hall^ turning as they entered to the right, and going round the tables At the west-end, proceeded to the east, by which means the Ladies in the Galleries all standing, and waving their haodkerchiefs, were gratified with a full view of the illustrious Visitors. The Royal Party then ascended the steps .leading to the elevated platform on which the Royal Table was placed, and there seated them- selves. The Table was most sumptuous in its display of gdld plate ; its richness indeed was un parallelled : magnificent orna- ments in cahdelabra, epergnes, tureens, ewers, cups, dishes, glaciers, &c. being selected for the purpose, and the great body of light thrown thereon, produced a most striking and brilliaot effect. In the front of the royal table were placed on the floors, and upon stages, a profusion c£ the most rare and costly aromatfc and decorative shmbs, which entirely lined the space from the steps to the table. The Gentlemen Pensioners and Yeomen of the Guard were sta- tioned on the elevated Platform, at proper distances from the Royal Table. The Royal Party was seated in the following order : UNDER THE CANOPY, Tub Prince Rbqcnt, With the Emperor of Russia on bis Right hand> and the King of Prussia on his left. To the right tf the Campy. TheDufceofYork, Prince Henry of Pnuas, jDuke of Cambridge, Duke of Orleans, Duke of Sure Weiinar» Prince Aunittus of Pruaaiat Duke of OTdenburgh, Count de Merveldt, Prince of Hardcnberg, Count de Feknan Nunea^ Duke of Mob- tellaaior. To ihe left of the Canopy. The Duchess of Oldenbtnvh, Tke Hereditary Prince dtWuumhtn, Countess of liefao, puke of Kent, Prince of Bavaria, itrixic* Metteraicii, Prince de Cobourg, Duke of Gloucester, Prince WiUiam of Prussia, Priiice of Oraafle, Priocesa Volkousl^ This table was so formed, that the Marquis of Wiochester, LonI all the Rojal Partj bad a full view Boston, and other State Attead- af tbe Covpany in the Hall. Tbe ants of bis Rojal Hk|;jhiiett^ and Lord MaTor stood behind tbe isos^tinued tbfsie, utiJ^^mqionU? chair of the Prince Regent with d«^ tgr Jiis Bojrd I^^usMto akc MISCELLANIES. S66 take his seat, vrhen be retired to the right band of the Central Table, immediately below the Royal Table, against the apper end of which the City Sword and Mace were placed. The Lady Mayoress sat on the left hand op- posite to the Lord Mayor, and at the same Table were placed the Countess of Liverpool, Lady Cas-^ tlereagh and Miss L. Domville, the Lady Mayoress* Sister, which tabled together with those on each side, and the upper parts of the tables, westward of the entrance, were appropriated for the remain- der of the Illustrious Guests and Aldermen ; the Aldermen being placed in various parts of the tables at a short distance from eaeh other, to enable them to see that every proper attention was shewn to the Visitors, particularly the Foreignei^. The residue of the tables to the westward of the entrance, were appropriated by lot to the Mem- bers of this Court and principal City Officers ; two or more wards being classed together according to the size of the tables, in con- sequence of which each member knew the place allotted to him^ and the inconteniencies whicn frequently arise for want of such arrangement were altogether pre* vented. The dinner was as sumptuoos as expense or skill could make it, and wholly served on plate, which the Committee were enabled to do, by using the City plate be- longing to the Mansion House, the phte of aeveral distinguished Noblemen and Gentlemen, and some of the Companies of ihb City, who very handsomely and voluntarily offered the same for the occasion, and by procuring other massive services, sufficient for the purpose. Samuel Turnes Esq. a West India merchant, and one of the Directors of the Baak of England, very handsomely pre* sented a fine Turtle for the occa- sion, which was the only one that could be procured, and was tbe first imported in the season, and arrived in time to be served at tbe Royal Table. A large baron of beef with the Royal Standard waa placed on a stage at the upper enci of the Hall, in view of the Roya) Table, attended by the serjeaot carvers, and one of the principal cooks in proper costume. After dinner '• Non Nobis Do- mine sad nomini tuo da Gloriam** was finely sting by the vocal Per- formers in the Orchestra, the whole of the company in tbe Hall, and the Ladies in the gal- leries standing. Mr. Common Crier then advanced by the di- rections of the Lord Mayor to hia station on the elevated platform^ in front of the Royal Table, and after a flourish of trumpets froHi the Royal Trumpeters stationed at each end of the Hall, proposed in the name of the Lord msyor as the first Toast, *' The King,*' which was received with reveren- tial siieace. The succeeding Toasts were »» His Royal Highness the Prince Regent.' Her Majr<.tv the Queen, and the Royal Family.'* " His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of all the Rhssus. " His Majesty the King of Pmssis." '' His Imperial Majesty th» Emperor of Austria. C( •• *» a Her 566 ANNUAI/ EEOISTER, 1814. • « Her Imperial H'^neys, the Grand Duchess Catherina Princen of OI4eiiburgh.^ ** His Most Christian Majesty Louis the Eighte<'nth,King of I^raace «nd Navarre. «« His Catholic Majesty Ferdinand the Seventh, King of Spak." ' * The Sovereien Prince of the Netherhinds." « His Serene Highness the Hereditary Prince pf Qrangc" All of which were announced by a previous flourish of Trumpets, and were rccehed with shouts of applause. *• The next toast was given bj command of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, " Our brave heroes by sea and land who have to nobly fought for their country," and was followed by. •' The Ge- " nerals of the Allied Armies and •' the Illustrious Foreign Heroes, *' who have contributed so much '' to the glory of their respec- " tive countries." The latter of which produced a torrent of applause, and the Heroes, Bar- clay dc Tolly, Blucher, Platoff, De Yorck, &c. rose and bowed their thanks to the Cnropany. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent also coratnanded the fol- lowing Toast to be given, *• The " Riffht Honourable the Lord ** Mayor, and thanks to his Lord- " ship and the City of London, '• for their magnificent entertain- " mcnt.** In the course of the evening various Songs and Glees, amongst which, were the National Songs of ''God save the King," *' Rule *' Britannia,** and " Britons strike " Home," and that admirable Glee, •' Hail Star of Brunswick," were sung with fine effect from the Orchestras by the Vocal Per- formers, who were selected from the most eminent in their pro- fession ', and on their singing the Stanza of" Blest Isle with match- *' less Beauty crowned,'* in the Song of "Rule Britannia," the appearance of the Ladies in the Galleries, struck as by electricity every heart in the Hall, and A burst of acclamation was the con- sequence, and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent happily seized the opportunity, and proposed as a Toast, " The Lady Mayoress, and '* the Ladies in the Hall," which was received with enthusiasm. About ten o'clock. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, with the Emperor of Russia, and the King of Prussia rose from the table, and were conducted to the Com- mon Council Chamber by the Lord Mayor as before. His Lordship immediately preceding the Prince Regent with the Sword of State, and bis Royal Highness was pleased, when about to take his departure, to' address himself to Mr. Recorder as follows: " My reception has " given me great pleasure ; every f' thing that has been done nnerits " my entire approbation ; indeed I f must command you to express *' to the Corporation, the high *' gratification I have Experienced *' this day.** About eleven o'clock, the Prince Regent and the other Royal and Illustrious Personages were accompanied by the Lord Mayor to their respective carriages, and returned in state to St. James Palace before twelve o'clock. All the Knights Marshal Men and Attendants, except the Coachmen and Postillions', bearing large flam- beaux in their hands, added to the Grandeur of the Procession, and produced a novel and most bril- liant effect. ' After bis Royal Highness the Prince Regent had retuied, the Ladies ^H ^ ft ^^^^ ^^^^1 MISCELLANIES, 467 Ladies were admitted from the Galk-ries into the Hall, provision Laving been previously made for tlial purpose, by ihe ereclion of a Klaircasc of communication at the Wesi end. In addition to the enteriaio- ment in the Hall, dinners were provided at tbe New London Tavern for the General of Ibe District, and the field-officera ef the Regiments and Corps on duty, and the Keralda and OfGcers of arms; other dinners were provided at ihe Guildball CofTee-houie, for tlie Lord Cbancellora and Judges' Suites, and the OtScera of tbe Lord Mayor's Household. The vocal Performers and tbe Royal Military Bands procured their own dinners, previous to their attend- ance in the Hall. Provisions were also made in the various taverns and inns in the neighbourhood, for the Band of Gentlemen Pen- sioners, the Yeomen of tbe Guard, and other persona, in attendance upon the Royal Personages, as well as for iheir borses and car- riages; and the great room in Cateaton street, belonging to tbe laie Paul's Head Tavern, was ap- propriated to ibe Livery Servants, where they were furnished with every proper refreshment. The Magnificence and Splea> dour of tbe JEnlertainment on ibii glorious occasion, having greatly excited the public curiosity to view the decorailoni and fittings up of the Hall, the numerous ap- plications for that purpose in- 'duced your Committiic, as far a> they consistently eould, to complj with their wishes, and therefore directed the plate and ornaments to remain on the various' tables, and every convenient facility of ingress and egress through lh« galleries to be afforded, by which means thonsaads of Persons (many of whotn were of high distinction and great respectability) were gra- tified with a view of^the magnU ficent decorations, during tbe three days your Committee wero enabled to continue the accom- modation without materially ii^* tenupting public business. 5M ANNUAL REGklSTEB, 1814. POETRY. THE CORSAIR, BY LORD BYRON. The Piratti*s Song. " /^*RR the glad watets of the dark blae sea> \J '* Our thoughtg as boundless, and our soula ss free, " Fat as the breeze caa bear, the billows foaiDi " Survey our empire and behold our home ! *' These are our realms, no limits to their swaj— • '' Oar flag the sceptre all who meet obey. *' Ours the wild life in tumult still to range " Ffom toil to rest, and joy in every change. '' Oh, who can tell ? not thou, luxurious slave ! '' Whose soul would sicken o*er the heaving wave ; '' Not thou, vain lord of wantonness and ease ! " Whom slumber soothes not — pleasure cannot pleaie— '' Oh, who can tell, save he whose heart hath tried, *' And danc*d in triumph o'er the waters wide, '^ The exulting sense — the pulse's maddeuing play, " That thrills the wanderer of that trackless way ? *' That for itself can woo the approaching fight, ** And turn what some deem danger to delight; *' That seeks what cravens shun with more than zeal, " And where the feebler faint — can only feel— '* Feel — to the rising bosom's inmost core, *' Its hope awaken and its spirit soar ? *' No dread of death — if with us die our foes— '* Save that it seems even duller thail repose : •' Come when it will — we snatch the life of life — '* When lost — what recks it— by disease or strife ? " Let him who crawls enamoured of decay, '* Cling to his couch, and sicken years aw^ay j " Heave his thick breath } and shake his palsied head i *' Qurs— the fresh turf, and not the feverish bed. " While F O £ T R Y« 56g " While gasp by gasp he ftalten ibrth hit tdol, " Oars with one pflfig->-0iie booDd-^^c^apet ooatroo). " His corse may boast it's urn and narrow cave, '< And they who loath'd his life may gild bis grift : " Oars are the tears, though few, sincerely sheid* *' When Ocean shrouds and sepulchres cor dead. " For Qs^ erea banquets foild regret supply " In the red cap that crowns our memory ; *' And the brief epitaph in danger's day, " When those who win at length divide the prey, '* And cry, Reniembranoe saddening o'er each brow, " How had the brave who fell exulted now !" ATHENIAN PROSPECT. fKOM TfiB SAME. Slow sinks, more lovely ere his race be tod. Along Morea's hills the setting sun ; Not as in Northern climes obscurely bright. But one unclouded blaze of living light ! O'er the hush'd deep the yellow beam he throws. Gilds the green wave, that trembles as it glows. On old ^gina's rock, and Idra's ide. The god of gladness sheds his parting smile ; O'er his own regions lingering loves to shine. Though there his altars are no more divine. Descending fast the mountain shadows kiss Thy glorious gulph, unconquer d Salainis 1 Their azure arches through the long expanse More deeply purpled meet his mellowing glance. And tenderest tints, along their summits driven, Mark his gay course and own the hues of heaven ; Till, darkly shaded from the land and dee^. Behind his Delphian cliff he sinks to sleep. On such an eve, bis palest beam he cast. When — Athens ! here thy widest look'd his last. How watched thy better sons his farevrell ray. That closed their murder'd sage's latest dajr ! Not yet — not yet — Sol pauses on the bill — The precious hour of parting lirtgers still ; But sad his light to agonizing eyes. And dark the mountain's once delightful dyn : Gloom o'er the lovely Itod he Seeqs'd to pour, The land, where Pbcebus neter frown'd before. But ere he sunk belo# Crtbtieron'A head. The cup of woe ^las quaff 'd — the »p\t\v fLtO^ \ -Vwfe .570 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814, The sou] of hiro who soornld :to fe«r or %r-r Who liv*d and died, as none can live or die I But \q 1 from high Hyroettus to the plain. The qqeen of night asserts her silent reign. No murky vapour, herald of the storm. Hides her fair face, nor girds her glowing form ; With cornice glimmering as the moon-beams pla/^ There the white column greets her grateful ray^ And bright around with quivering beams beset Her emblem sparkles o*er the minaret : The groves of olive scattered dark and wide Where meek Cephisus pours his scanty tide. The cypress sa^ldening by the sacred mosque^ The gleaming turret of the gay Kiosk, And, dun and sombre *amid the holy calm. Near Theseus* fane yon solitary palm. All tinged with varied hues arrest the eye— And dul) were his that passed t^em hqedle^ b7« Agnin the ^gean, heard no more afar. Lulls his chaf'd breast from elemental war^ Again Jiiis waves in milder tints unfold Their long array of sapphire and of gold^ Mixt with the fibades of many a distant isle. That frown — where gentler ocean seems to smile. THE DEATH OF HOFER, THE TYRQLESE LEADER, Translated front ^Corners Poems. ^' Treu hiogst du deinem alten Fursten an/' * « ^ * * * HoFER ! in thy bold bosom glowed, A stream as pure as ever flowed Beneath a Princess plume ; Nor ever Warrior's nobler toil. In battle for his native soil. Shed glory round his toipb. Rons'd by thy horn from cot and fold. From forest glen, and rocky hold, Wiih heart and eye of flame, — Like riishings of the mountain flood. Like lightning from the rifted cloud. Thy band of brothers came. Aj POETRY. Sfl And now that heart's rich tide is chill, Thnt horn is silent on tbe hill. The gallant chacc is done; Scattrr'd and luiik, the ipounlain band Threw the loved rille from their band, 'I'tie soul of fight is gone I Bui God is all. — Vain warn or- skill, ' Vain the high soul, the mightj will, Befpre the word of Heav'n ; — The helm that on the Chieftain'i brow, 1-lash'd fire against the momiog'a glowj His blood may dim at cv'n. Yet, Hofer ! in that hour of ill Thine was a brighier laurel still Than the red field e'er gavej 7'he crow-n, immortal hberly Gives to the few that dare to die And seek her in the grave. \Vho saw> as levelled the Chasscni llis deadly aim, the shade of fear Pass o'er tbe Hero's brow ? Vho saw bis dark eyes' martial gnzo I'urn from the muskets' yoUey'd blaze That laid him calm and low } ON BAUCH'S BUST OF QUEEN LOUISA OF PRUSSIA. FBOU THB lAHE. How lovelr still, though now no more Thy locks in auburn beauty pour } No tnore thioe eye, of humid blue. Beams like tbe star thro' evening dew : F^hid alike to beam nnd weep. Those orbs are closd in marble sleep, flinsc braids in tooveless marble twine ; I'riiicess ! thy ihronc is now thy shrine. Vet, matchless as in life, the sp-ll I^ivcs on that pallid lip to dwell j Atid «till the soqI's immortal glow U radiant on Ibat dazzling brow.' Sofi be thy slumber", soft and deep, Till !cgins — the mandoline, awak'd By rudest touch, preludes the mcaiure wild. Whilst the responsive song, by none refus'd. Successive passes round ih' applauding guests, Phrosyre's mournful dirge, or thy soil air O beauteous Haidee 1 the tambour beats— And Athens' daughters, starting at the sound, Jn loosely ciiictur'd robes of crimson hue. With ringlets darkly shadowing their breasts, Tbrow back their snowy necks upon the air. And wave their rosy-finger'd hands, and lead The sprightly chorus, or ibe mazy round Whlcii I'heseus 6rst beheld, when he return'd Victor from Crete, by Ddian virgins twin'd. Regardless of these sounds of revelry. Silent and dull, and meas'ring every step, Wiih solemn air, the Moslem stalks along ; His look, hi.s gait, his babit, all proclaim The supercilious despot of the land. The muslin turban coil'd around his bead In spiral folds, shades his wan check j bis brow Low'rs gloomily upon bis balf-rais'd eye ; And from bis arched nose, and lip with smile Contemptuous curl'd, his shaggy beard dcsceo^. The tawdry splendour of bis garb declares His Eastern origin ; a silken vest Of varied colours loosely vciWhis limbs. iU ANNUAL REGISTER, 1«14. And round each ankle floats ; a porplt belt Invests bis ample waist, bearing tbie load Of pistol and of Stadded jatagan. One band sustains his pipe and one adjusts The yellow robc^ which from his shoulders broad • Sweeping in graceful folds, now shows and no\^ Conceals th^ tnaoly texttire of his form-. 'Tis his delight beneath a canopy Of interwoven vines, upon his mat To pass the sultry hours, inhaling fiimes Of Aagrant leaf, and supping the dark stfeam Of Mocha's berry 5 he, so occupied. Recks not of toll, of danger, or of war. And hears unmov'd how Russia's hardy sons Launch their red thunders o'er the Danau's wave^ Hence turn your gaze— the low degenerate race Claims not another thought ; but we will search The monuments of time ; and there peruse Those forms of genius which in vain we seek Amidst the living tenants, firmly trac*d On lifeless marble, and on sculptur'd stone t In them a spirit still survives, in them The soul of Athens seems to live again* Here let us pause, e'en at the vestibule Of Theseus* fane— with what stern majesty It rears its ponderous and eternal strength^ Still perfect, still unchang'd, as on the day When the assembled throng of multitudes With shouts proclaim*d th' accomplished work, and fell Prostrate upon their faces to adore Its marble splendour. How the golden gleam Of noonday floats upon its graceful form. Tinging each grooved shaft, and storied frize And Doric trigliph ! How the rays amidst The op'ning columns glanc*d from point to point. Stream down the gloom of the long portico ; Where liok*d in moving mazes youths and maids Lead the light dance, as erst in jo)'ous hour Of festival ! how the broad pediment, Embrown'd with shadow, frowns above and spreads Solemnity and reverential awe ! Proud monument of old magnificence I Still thou survivest, nor has envious Time Impair*d thy beauty, save that it has spread A deeper tint, and dimm*d the polisb*d glare Of thy refulgent whiteness. Let mine eyes Feast on thy form, and find at ev*ry glance V Themctt for imagination and for thought. "^ Empir 1^ P O E t H Y. . «j Eropires hare fallen, yet art tbou onchang'd | And Dettinx whoic tide engtilphi proud tnan. Has Toll'd his harmlcis billows at tbj base. Thy jFoaih beheld thy couDtr}-'s fame, [bine age Seliolds her aguny ; warriors have sought Thy sacred walls, and 'gainit these columns rear'd Tbeir blood-stain'd lances, whilst they swetl'd the bymii Of victory; and Dow ibe abject Greek Sighs on thy steps his superstitious pray'r. Thou arc the chronicle of ages past. The lasting testimony; let me call The spirit that resides within thy stones. And it will tell mc an appalling tale Of rapinf, and convulsion, and dire war, Which thou hast witnessed. Mighty monument ! He who first rear'd thy fr.ime, believ'd petcbaucc He rais'd thee for a few short years, a point la the vast circle of elemitj' j Nor did he dream that thou should'st be the pkjge Of Grecian genius to the numberless Myriads unborn, and that beneath thy walls Children of nations then unkuown to fame. The Gaul, the Briton, and the frozen son Of polar legions, should together meet, And on thy pure unsullied glories gaze. THE CALLING OK THE CLANS. 1745- From tie Novel of Waverlei/, Mist darkens the mountain, night darkens the vah. But more dark is the Aeep of the sons of the Gael ; A stranger commanded — it sunk on the land. It has frozen each heart, and benumb'd every band ! The dirk and the target lie sordid with dust, Tlie bloodless claymore is but redden'd with niit ; On the hill or tbe glen if a gun should appear. It is only to war with the heath-cock or deer. The deeds of our sires if a bard should r Let 3 blush or^ blow be the meed of their verse ! Be mate every string and be hush'd every tone, I'bat sbatl bid us leinember tbe fiuoe that is gone. $76 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1814. But the dark hours of night gnd of dumber are p08t. The morn oo our moutitaios is dawning at latt ; GlcDaladale*s peaks are illumiced with rays. And the streams of Gleafinnan leap bright in the blaze. O high-minded Moray I— *the exiled — the dear !-— In the blush of the morning the standard uprsar I Wide^ wide on the winds of the north let it fiy» Like the 8un*s latest flash when the tempest is nigh ! ¥e sons of the strong, when the dawning ehall break. Need the harp of the aged remind you to wake ? That dawn never beam'd on your forefather's eye. But it roused each high chieftain to vanquish or die. O sprung from the kings who in Islay kept state. Proud chiefs of Clan Ranald, Glengary, and Sleat ! Combine like three streams from one mountain of snow. And resistless in -union rush down on the foe ! True son of Sir Evan, undaunted Lochid, PlHce thy targe on thy shoulder and burnish thy steel ! Rough Keppoch, give breath to thy bugle's bold swell, Till far Coryarrick resound to the knell ! Stern son of Lord Kenneth, high chief of Kintail, Let the stag in thy standard bound wild in -the gale ! May the race of Clan Gillcan, the fearless and free. Remember Glenlivat, Harlaw^ and Dundee ! Let the clan of grey Fingon, whose oflTspring has given Such heroes to earth and such martyrs to heaven. Unite with the race of renown*d Rorri-More, To launch the long galley and stretch to the oar I How Mac-Shimei will joy when their chief shall display The yew-crested bonnet o*er tresses of grey ! How the race of wrong*d Alpin and murdered Glencoe Shall shout for revenge when they pour on the foe ! Ye sons of brown Dermid, who slew the wild boar. Resume the pure faith of the great Callain-Moce I Mac Neil of the Islands, and Moy of the Lake, For honoar, for freedom, for vengeancie awake 1 Awake on your hills, oo yoor islands awake. Brave sons of the mountain, the frith and the lake ! 'Tis the bugle — but not to the chase is the call { Tis the pibroch'a ahrili suounoQs— bat not to the balL •1 POETRY. Ti> the lammoni of heroM for conqueat or doalh, "When the bannen are biasing on mountain and bnith ; Thef call to the dirk, the c\»ymim and the targe. To the marcli and the master, the line and the charge. Be tbe brand of each chiefbin like Rn'i in hii ire! Ma7 the blood in fab veins flow like currenti of 6re ' Bunt ibe base foreign yoke aa jour sirea did of yore. Or ifie like your nircnj and endure it no more ! . » &