/•

,2o

^^

JOURNAL

OF

THE PROCEEDINGS

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

ZOOLOGY.

v^ST'

LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMANS AND ROBERTS,

AND

WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.

1860.

' 7-

PBINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

LIST OF PAPERS.

I

Page

Garner, Robert, Esq., F.L.S.

On the Shell-bearing Mollusca, particularly with regard to Struc- ture and Form 35

Hanley, Sylvanus, Esq., F.L.S.

On the Linnean Manuscript of the * Museum Ulricae ' 43

Huxley, Prof. T. H., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Professor of Natural History, Government School of Mines. On the Dermal Armour of Jacare and Caiman, with Notes on the Specific and Generic Characters of recent Crocodilia 1

Salter, S. J. A., Esq., M.B., F.L.S., F.G.S.

On the Moulting of the Common Lobster {Homarus vulgaris) and Shore Crab (Carcinus mcBnas) 30

Sandwith, Hon. H., M.D., C.B., Colonial Secretary of the Mauritius. On the Habits of the " Aye-Aye" {Cheiromys madagascariensis, L., Cuv.) 28

Walker, Francis, Esq., F.L.S.

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Makessar, in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species 90

Wallace, A. R., Esq.

On the Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago 172

Index 185

i

PROCEEDINGS

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON

November 4.th, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Robert Chambers, Esq., was elected a Fellow.

Among the presents were the following, for which the special thanks of the Society were directed to be given ; viz. — '

Linnseus's MS. Diary and Translation ; together with a series of Letters from Linnaeus to Menander, with Translations of many of them. These MSS. were formerly in the possession of the late Dr. Maton, Y.P.L.S., and were presented by his niece, Miss Wray.

An extensive Collection of dried Plants, the present portion consisting of about 1000 species, formed in Java by T. Horsfield, Esq:, M.D., F.E. & L.S. Presented by the Court of Directors of the Hon. East India Company.

An extensive Collection of Australian and Tasmanian Plants, formed by Dr. Ferdinand Mueller, and including type specimens of many of the Eucalypti and Acaoice described in his Papers, published in the Society's " Journal ; " presented by Dr. Miiller.

The valuable Collection of British AlgaB, formed by the late Mrs. Griffith, and arranged according to Dr. Harvey's " Manual of British Algae ; " presented by the Subscribers to a fund for its purchase.

LINN. PBGC. a

PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

Eead, the commencement of a Paper, entitled " Notes on Bri- tish Botany ; " by George Bentham, Esq,, V.PX.S. (See " Bota- nical Proceedings ; " Supplement, vol. ii.)

Noyember IBth^ 1858.

Francis Boott, Esq., M.I>., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Cyril C. Graham, Esq., and J. R. Kinahan, Esq., M.D., were elected ^Fellows ; and Mr. Charles Barter an Associate.

The Tice-Fresident in the Chair announced tbe formation by the Society of a British Herbarium ; and Mr. Bentham (who, in conjunction with Dr. Alexander and Mr. Babington, and with the assistance of Mr. Oliver, had undertaken the arrangement of the Collection) stated that it was now completely arranged, and gave some explanation of the principles on which it had been formed.

Read, fir&t, a continuation of Mr. Bentham*s " Notes cm British Botany."

Read, secondly, " Notes O'n some English Plants ; '^ by John Hogg, Esq., r.R.S., E.L.S. &c.

December 2nd, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Charles Ratcliff, Esq., and James Sidney Walker, Esq., were elected Eellows ; and Dr. Frederick Welwitsch an Associate.

Read, first, a " Catalogue of the Hymenopterous Insects col- lected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key ;" by Frederick Smith, Esq. Communicated by William Wilson Saun- ders, Esq., y.P.L.S. (See "Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 132.)

Read, secondly, Notes " On the Linnean MS. of tbe Museum Ludovicse Ulricae ReginsB;" by Sjdvanus Hanley, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 43.)

LINNBAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ml

Eead, thirdly, a " Note on the Morphology of the Balsami- nacece ;" by Prof. Henfrey, F.E.S., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Pro- ceedings," vol. iii. p. 159.)

Eead, fourthly, a " Notice of the Arborescent Ferns of New Zealand;" by T. S. Ealph, Esq., A.L.S. (See "Botanical Pro- ceedings," vol. iii. p. 163.)

December 16th, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Thomas Henry Huxley, Esq., E.E.S., was elected a Fellow.

Among the presents was the extensive Herbarium of the late Thomas Bell Salter, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. ; presented by his brother, S. James A. Salter, Esq., F.L.S., for which the special thanks of the Society were directed to be given.

Eead, first, a "Notice of two Insect-products from China;" by Daniel Hanbury, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 178.)

Eead, secondly, a " Monograph of the East Indian Species of Utricularia ',''' by Daniel Oliver, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 170.)

Eead, thirdly, " Observations on the Structure of the Stem in certain Species of Cary(yphylle<B and Flumhaginece \^^ by Daniel Oliver, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 289.)

January 20th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Thomas Anderson, Esq., M.D. ; Thomas Boycott, Esq. ; the Hon. Walter Elliot ; the Eev. William Houghton ; Dr. Ferdinand Miiller ; H. T. Stainton, Esq. ; and Major Eichard Strachey, were elected Fellows.

Eead, first, a " Notice of Entozoa found in various Animals dis- sected at the Zoological Society's Grardens;" by Thomas Spencer

a2

IV PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

Cobbold, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. (See "Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 363.)

Read, secondly, a Paper "On Tomopteris onisciformis;^^ by W. B. Carpenter, Esq., M.D., E.E.S., E.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 353.)

Read, thirdly, " Dennisonia, Barklya, and Laboucheria ; genera Florae Australise nondum cognita;" by Dr. Ferdinand Miiller, F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 157.)

February 3rd, 1859. Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair. William Eatwell, Esq., M.D., was elected a Fellow.

Read, first, a Memoir " On Kenriquezia of Spruce, a genus oi Bignoniacece)^^ by George Bentham, Esq., Y.P.L.S. (See "Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 295.)

Read, secondly, a continuation of Mr. Bentham' s " Notes on British Botany."

February 17th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Howard Warburton Elphinstone, Esq. ; Charles William Har- rison, Esq. ; and Dr. E. Percival Wright, were elected Fellows.

Read, first, a Paper " On the Dermal Armour of Jacara and Caiman^ with Notes on the Specific and Generic Characters of recent Crocodilia;^^ by Thomas Henry Huxley, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 1.)

Read, secondly, a Paper " On the Anatomical Characters of Compound Tunicata ; " by John Dennis Macdonald, Esq. Com- municated by the Royal Society. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 373.)

Read, thirdly, " On the Anatomical Characters of an Australian

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. V

species of PeropJiora ; " by J. D. Macdonald, Esq. Communi- cated by the Eoyal Society. (See "Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 377.)

Read, fourthly, a " Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected at Singapore by M. A. U. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species ; " by Francis Walker, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Zoolo- gical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 196.)

March 3rd, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

George Vernon Blunt, Esq., was elected a Fellow.

Among the presents was a Collection of Dried Specimens of British Algae, formed by Dr. Cocks, of Plymouth ; presented by, the Subscribers for its purchase, to whom the special thanks of the Society were voted.

Read, first, a Letter from Mr. Charles Barter, A.L.S., to Sii? William Jackson Hooker, F.L.S., on the Vegetation of the West Coast of Africa. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 17.)

Read, secondly, a Letter from M. Emile Bourgeau, addressed to Sir W. J. Hooker, on the Vegetation and Climate of the Saskatchewan. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 1.)

Read, thirdly, " Observations on the growth and times of ap- pearance of some of the Marine Algae ; " by John Cocks, Esq., M.D. Communicated by Robert Hudson, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. .)

Read, fourthly, a Note " On five new plants of Eastern Peru ; " by Richard Spruce, Esq. Communicated by Greorge Bentham, Esq., V.P.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 191.)

March l7th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The Rev. George Weare Braikenridge ; H. B. Brady, Esq. ; and Samuel Gurney, Esq., were elected Fellows.

VI ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Eead, first, a Memoir "On Vegetable Affinities;" by T. C. Hilgard, M.D. Communicated by Bertboid Seemann, Ph.D., F.L.S,

Read, secondly, a " Note on Monstrosities of Baucus Carota, L., and Trifoliumi pratense, L. ;" by Maxwell T. Masters, Esq. Com- municated by the Secretary,

Bead, thirdly, " Descriptions of new species of Mmci from New Zealand and other parts of the Southern Hemisphere; " by William Mitten, Esq., A.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 64.)

April 7th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Edward Sheppard, Esq., was elected a Pellow.

The Secretary read the following letter addressed to him by Dr. Boott, Treasurer and V.P.L.S., accompanying the donation of a Miniature of the elder Hedwig, for which the special thanks of the Society were ordered ; —

" Mt dear Bennett, — I send the ring containing the little miniature of Hedwig for the Linnean Society. You will see the name on the back in the hand- writing of Sir James E. Smith ; and on referring to th6 second volume of his ' Memoirs,' p. 98, you will find a letter from the younger Hedwig, which accompanied the gift of the ring to Sir James, and at p. 107 Sir James's ac- knowledgment of both. The ring was given to me by Lady Smith in 1857, and I feel that it cannot but be acceptable to the Society, as a memorial of one of the most distinguished of its Foreign Members.

" Yours affectionately,

"E. Boott."

" J. J. Bennett, Usq., F.B.S., Sec. Limi, Soc:'

The special thanks of the Society were likewise directed to be given to Mr. Bennett for his Donation of an extensive series of botanical works selected from the library of the late Robert Brown, D.C.L., V.P.L.S.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. VU

Bead, first, a Paper " On the Cranial Characters of a Rat new to the British Fauna;" by S. James A. Salter, Esq., M.B., F.L.S.

Read, secondly, " On the Moulting of the Common Lobster (^Homarus vulgaris) and Shore-Crab {Carcinus mcBfias) ;" by S. James A. Salter, Esq., M.B., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceed- ings," vol. iv. p. 30.)

Read, thirdly, a. Note " On the Habits of the Aye- Aye {^Chei- romys madageiscariensis) ;" by Henry Sandwith, Esq., M.D., C.B., in a letter to Professor Owen, E.R,S., V.P.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 28.)

April 21st, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

-John Forbes Watson, Esq., M.B., was elected a Fellow.

A Letter was read from Mr. A. Gr. Moore, F.L.S., mentioning the occurrence in considerable numbers of Squilla Desmareetii off ^ea View and Bembridge, and of Vespertilio mtirmus about the .cliffs at Freshwater, in the Isle of Wight.

A Letter was also read from Thomas Forster, Esq., M.B., F.L.S., giving some account of the phenomena of the present season on the French coast ; and an Extract of a Letter from Albert Ham- brough, Esq., F.L.S., announcing the discovery, on the sea-shore at Ventnor, of a rather scarce shell. Vertigo cylindrica.

Read, first, "Remarks on Gnetum-^'''' by the late William Griffith, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. Communicated, with a Prefatory Note, by Professor Henfrey, F.R.S., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 299.)

Read, secondly, a " Note on the species of Oroton described by LinnsDus, under the names of Glutia Eluteria and Clutia Casca- rilla-,'' by John Joseph Bennett, Esq., F.R.S., Sec. L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 26,)

Vlll PIIOCEEDINGS or THE

May 5th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Henry Munroe, Esq., M.D., and Charles Prentis, Esq., were elected Eellows ; and Professor J, F. Brandt, Professor A. H. E. G-risebach, Professor J. L. Loven, and Mons. H. A. "Weddell, were elected Foreign Members.

Read, first, " Further Observations on the New Organ in the Antennae of Insects ; " by John Braxted Hicks, Esq , M.D., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. .^

Read, secondly, a " Synopsis of the Greuera Thea and Camellia ; " by Berthold Seemann, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 337.)

Read, thirdly, a " Synopsis of the Fructification of the Simple Sphcerice of the Hookerian Herbarium;" by Frederick Currey, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 313.)

Read, fourthly, a second Letter from M. Emile Bourgeau, ad- dressed to Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S., F.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 13.)

May 24th, 1859.

Anniversart/ Meeting.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

This day, the Anniversary of the birth of Linnaeus, and the day appointed by the Charter for the Election of Council and Officers, the President opened the business of the Meeting with the fol- lowing Address : —

Gentlemen,

The year which has passed since I last had the pleasure of meeting you on our Anniversary, has not been unproductive in contribu- tions of interest and value, in those sciences to which we are professedly more particularly addicted, as well as in every other walk of scientific research. It has not, indeed, been marked by any of those striking discoveries which at once revolutionize, so to speak, the department of science on which they bear ; it is only at

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. » IX

remote intervals that we can reasonably expect any sudden and brilliant innovation which shall produce a marked and permanent impress on the character of any branch of knowledge, or confer a lasting and important service on mankind. A Bacon or a Newton, an Oersted or a Wheatstone, a Davy or a Daguerre, is an occa- sional phenomenon, whose existence and career seem to be espe- cially appointed by Providence, for the purpose of effecting some great important change in the condition or pursuits of man.

The establishment of the inductive method (by which the whole face of philosophy, before chaotic, was reduced to order), the dis- covery of the law of gravitation, the invention of the electric telegraph, or the production of sun-pictures — these and similar results of genius, by which the advance of knowledge and the designs of Providence are carried forward by grand and unex- pected impulses, are occurrences, the like of which we must not expect to have annually to record.

Nor are even the striking examples to which I have referred, influential as they are and original as may be the genius which finally applies them, usually isolated or sudden. The suggestions of previous experiment or discovery, the hints which are given from time to time by either fortuitous or anticipated phenomena, ordinarily afford the ground upon which the most important dis- coveries or improvements are made. The electric telegraph may be traced from the first intimation of the possibility of the trans- mission of the electric force to a distance, through successive occasional advances, to the happy hour when Oersted discovered the great truths of electro-magnetism, and "Wheatstone applied the discovery to a purpose which is destined to affect, more than any other single practical application of science that was ever made, the condition, the destinies, and the welfare of mankind. In like manner the consecutive suggestions of Watt, of Davy, of Talbot, of Herschel, of Daguerre, of Niepce de St. Victor and others were required to bring to even its present state of advance- ment, the art of photography. The history of almost every scien- tific discovery of importance would afford similar 'illustrations, which will suggest themselves to your minds, and which it is unnecessary for me to enlarge upon.

Of the results of such successive developments as those to which I have referred, in those departments of science which are usually considered as of a more abstract character, and in those which are properly the subject of experimental processes, the late President of the Royal Society gave at their last Anniversary some very instructive examples in his lucid and interesting address, which

X PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

has doubtless been in tbe bands of most of the Fellows of tbis Society ; and I hope tbat I shall not be considered as travelling much out of the record, if I recall at this time, when the E/oyal Society has so lately been deprived of his services, the great merits of one who would yield to no one of his predecessors in a zealous and unselfish devotion to the interests of science, in the employ- ment of the prestige which his social and official position alike gave him in promoting its objects, and in the solid judgment, never within my experience surpassed, by which the affairs of the Boyal Society were conducted by him, whether in Council or in private ; — and in addition to these considerations, the Pellows of the Linnean Society would, with good reason, consider me as wanting in my duty to them, as well as to that excellent noble- man, if I were to omit a grateful allusion to the kind and friendly interest which he invariably manifested for the welfare of this Society, and the urbanity and consideration with which he ever received any suggestions for that mutual assistance and goodwill which he was always anxiously desirous to promote.

I cannot, however, close this digression without referring with grateful satisfaction to the choice which the Eoyal Society has made of a successor to Lord Wrottesley, in the person of one who devoted the leisure hours of a long and laborious professional eareer to the successful cultivation of a branch of science allied to those which are considered as especially the objects of this Society; whilst by a marvellous power of acquiring and retaining know- ledge, and by that incessant employment of the intervals of pro- fessional labour in which, as our great moralist has well declared, consists the true economy of time, he has stored his acute and capacious mind with a fund of knowledge as rich as it is varied. In the close relation in which we now happily stand to the E.oyal Society, the appointment of its President is matter of no small moment to us in our corporate capacity, in addition to the interest we must feel as competitors in the arena of scientific labour ; and I am quite sure that we shall continue to enjoy in the conduct of the present President the advantages of that combined kindness and wisdom which characterized his predecessor.

If the events of the past year have not, however, as I have stated, been so influential or emphatic as some which have marked the period of their occurrence as an epoch in scientific history, the more silent and finally not less productive current of discovery is ever going on, and its recent results in every field of research have been such as to prove that the yearning after knowledge was never

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XI

more earnest, nor the love of the truths of nature evermore ardent and sincere than at the present time. In evidence of this steady progress I will refer you to the meetings of our own Society, and the results of those meetings in the papers already published, or about to be published, in our ' Transactions ' or the ' Journal of Proceedings.' I believe that I may safely compare them with those of any former period for their variety and value. The bota- nical element of our functions still predominates aa it has done ; and, from the nature and comparative extent of the two pursuits, it must continue to predominate. Such indeed has been the number of papers in this department, considered by the Council as worthy of publication, that it has been found necessary to issue, within the year, two supplemental parts of the ' Journal of Pro- ceedings ;' a step, which, although requiring much consideration on account of the expense, is fully justified by the importance of the contents of the volume.

But while we have thus advanced in the quantity of valuable matter presented to us in our botanical department, a glance at the communications belonging to the other branch of our labours will show that in zoological science we have not been retrograding either in their number or value. There is, however, yet room for a more zealous movement amongst the zoologists of our body ; and the complaint which I ventured to express on a former occasion is not yet rendered unnecessary or untimely. Many papers on zoo- logical subjects are still read at the meetings of collateral societies, which, as it appears to me, would legitimately belong to us, and would merit a situation in our own publications, where some of them at least would be more in place than where they now appear.

In recurring thus to the 'Transactions' of the past year, I abstain from particularizing any of the papers as especially interesting or valuable, as selection would be invidious where all are good, and every student will be able to judge for himself of their respective value and importance. Some of the most interesting of them — and this refers to papers which have been read at the meetings of other societies as well as of our own — are on subjects still under controversy, the discussion of which belongs to another arena than that of the brief address which it is my duty to offer to you ; for I have always thought that this is not the fit occasion for the enunciation of individual opinion or judgment, but rather for a simple sketch of the general working of the Society and the pro- gress of science in connexion with it.

The primary and ostensible office of the Linnean Society is, un-

Xll PROCEEDINGS OF TUE

doubtedly, the promotion and record of discoveries or improve- ments in the science of Natural History, both in its systematic and physiological phase, by means which the Charter has provided, — in its meetings, its publications, its library, and its collections ; but, as the recognized centre and head of these sciences in this country, it has always appeared to me that the Society might exercise certain collateral functions (having for their object the encouragement of this branch of knowledge, and its spread amongst the people) which are not wholly alien from that primary object, and which may legitimately come within the scope of its original design. To one of these I called attention on a former occasion, when I suggested that a relation might with advantage be esta- blished between the Society and the numerous respectable local institutions now existing in almost every county in England, having for their object the cultivation of the natural history and antiquities of the neighbourhood. But besides this, may there not be another, equally if not more efficacious means of promoting this object, in the aid and patronage which the Society might, indi- rectly perhaps, but not ineffectually, afford to that educational movement which appears to have decidedly taken place in this direction ? Whether or not it be practicable for us as a body to take any ostensible part in this important work is at least doubtful, but certainly it behoves every Fellow of the Society in his indi- vidual and personal capacity, — I might almost say in fulfilment of his initiatory obligation, entered into when he joined the Society, — not to omit any opportunity of furthering this desirable end. It is very cheering to the mind of every one who fully apprehends the unspeakable value of these studies in forming the mind and ameliorating the tempers and affections of our youthful population, by exciting and fostering a love of Truth, and training them in the knowledge and admiration of the works of God, to see that there is a daily increasing appreciation of their importance. Nothing can more evidently manifest this encouraging feature of the edu- cational tendencies of the present day, than the great demand for popular works on natural history, whether of a more systematic or biographical character, — whether general or limited to one special department. This demand is liberally supplied by the issue of numerous works, which, if they are not all characterized by perfect accuracy of detail, or philosophical views of generalization, or sound principles of arrangement, are yet calculated to excite and, in great measure, to satisfy the growing appetite for this depart- ment of knowledge. Such works as I i*efer to may be enumerated

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XUl

by scores, — the least valuable of which would have been hailed in my early days of boyish love for natural history, as the greatest boon that could have been oifered. Nor let it be supposed that the results of such reading, elementary though it be, is of slight import. The consequence may be very important, and some future Cuvier or Owen may refer his earliest scientific tendencies to the perusal of some of these educational works : " res parva, sed ini- tium non parvse."

There are few circumstances which have a more powerful ten- dency to promote the love of such pursuits than the ready access of the masses of the people to the most beautiful and interesting natural objects, and their exhibition in a form at once pleasing and instructive. In this respect, as well as in its more important phase as illustrative of the progress of botanical science and its application to practical purposes, there is no existing fact which claims greater attention or excites deeper interest than the noble gardens at Kew. The statistics of this great Government esta- blishment are so important, and involve so many considerations which are of public moment, as well a» such advantages to the scientific student, that a brief account of the progress recently made in its different departments, cannot fail to be interesting to the Fellows of the Linnean Society.

At a time when the public mind is fully awake to the great importance of affording to the people the means of rational and healthful enjoyment, and when the efforts of all who are earnest on the great subject of popular education are directed to the best means of instruction in those sciences which are at once econo- mically useful and intellectually improving, the ready and free access to such sources of mental enjoyment and practical informa- tion as are here combined on a scale of unexampled magnificence, must be a subject of the deepest interest, and the success of the establishment a cause of hearty congratulation.

The vast number, the extreme beauty and the healthy and flourishing condition, no less than the intrinsic value of the living vegetation within the precincts of the garden, especially in those parts of it to which the steps of the public are ordinarily directed — the admirable ari-angement of the grounds and the charming walks — combined with the facility with which access is attained to such attractions, render it no matter of surprise that even at such a distance from the metropolis, the gardens are frequented by visitors whose annual numbers are no longer to be counted by

XIV PROCEEDINGS OF THE

hundreds or by thousands, but by hundreds of thousands. The number of persons who visited the gardens during the last year amounted to no less than 405,376 ; which, contrasted with the comparatively small number of 9174 in the year 1841 — since which time, with one or two exceptions, every succeeding year has sur- passed that which preceded it — shows an increase both in the attractions of the place, and in the public appreciation of its beauties and advantages, which are highly gratifying and suggest- ive. A perusal of the annual reports from Sir William Hooker to the Government, will show the most satisfactory and regular pro- gress in every department and phase of the establishment.

The Arboretum, now the finest in Europe, contains all the most important species of hardy trees, in the most healthy and flourish- ing condition, which may be examined and studied by every one who is interested in Arboriculture or in the Botany of Trees. The Queen's garden has received a liberal addition of 14 acres to its extent ; a large lake of 4|- acres is in progress of construction ; and the whole of this portion of the gardens is advancing rapidly to as nearly a perfect state as an energetic application of art and science can render it.

Every one is too well acquainted with the magnificent Palm- house, and the other receptacles for plants requiring heat and pro- tection, to render any particular description necessary ; it is sufii- cient to say that here also continual improvements are going on. But gratifying as are the advances which are taking place in this more obvious and popular province, the scientific botanist is per- haps more interested in the unrivalled herbarium, which, with its accumulated treasures, has for some years past constituted a focus of attraction, not to the botanist of this country only, but to the students of the science from all parts of Europe and from America. The list of those who have considered it worth their while to take up their temporary abode at Kew for this especial purpose, includes many of the most distinguished names amongst the botanists of various parts of Germany, of Denmark, of Sweden, of Eussia, of Erance, and of different states of the American Union, as well as the most eminent cultivators of the science in the United King- dom ; and the standard works which have been either wholly or in part completed from this source are too numerous to be now par- ticularized. The rescue of the available portion of the accumu- lated mass of herbaria which had lain for years in the cellars of the India House, and were fast going to destruction, which has been effected in consequence of remonstrances from Kew, and their de-

LINNEAN aOCIETY OF LONDOK. XV

posit amongst the treasures of that great empormm, is another feature in the recent arrangements made under the superintend* ence, and emanating from the zeal of Sir William Hooker, which cannot fail to be of the greatest advantage to the Indian botanist.

But if there be one department in the Kew establishment which is more generally interesting than another, it is, in my opinion, the Museum of Economic Botany. This beautiful reper- tory of the various applications of vegetable matters to the uses of mankind, is, I believe, unrivalled in any other country. Its in- terest is not confined to the man of science — it belongs to the physician, the chemist, the manufacturer, the artisan in every grade and of every calling, to the artist and the scholar, the soldier and the man of law. The energy and intelligence with which this curious and beautiful collection has been built up and arranged reflects the highest honour upon Sir William and Dr. Hooker, as weU as upon those who, under their able direction, have worthily carried out their plans and arrangements; and under such management it cannot but continue to prosper.

It is not only at Kew, however, that the means of study have been augmented during the past year. The lamented death of Mr. Brown has occasioned the deposit in the National Emporium of his unrivalled collection of fossil woods, many of which are unique, and the whole of them of the highest interest and value. They were bequeathed to the British Museum, on the condition that they should be considered as part of the Botanical collection in that place. A large number of drawings of Australian plants and animals, from the pencil of Eerdinand Bauer, is another boon to that department, by the bequest of the same distinguished benefactor. These are drawn from the life ; and it is unnecessary to say, to those who are acquainted with the productions of this matchless artist, that nothing of the kind exists more accurate and beautiful than are the whole of this fine collection.

Whilst speaking of the British Museum, and referring also to the late Keeper of the Botanical department, I am reminded of a fact, which I should not bo acting in accordance either with your feelings or my own if I were to pass over without an expression of sincere gratification, — I allude to the appointment of one to whom we, as a Society, owe a debt which we can never hope in any degree to liquidate, our excellent Secretary, as the successor of Eobert Brown. That appointment is as deserved on his part as it is an act of justice on the part of the Trustees ; and I am sure that you will all unite with me in aflfectionate and earnest

XVI PROCEEDINaS OF THE

wishes that Mr. Bennett may long continue to exercise the func- tions of an office which every one felt to be so justl}'^ his due.

I will now return to the more direct affairs of the Linnean Society itself. Here, as is usual, we have to approach the subject with mingled feelings of congratulation and regret. "Whilst we have cause for great satisfaction in the progress which has been made in science under the auspices of the Society, the increase in the number of our members, the favourable condition of our finances, enabling us to provide for not only the continuance, but the increase of our publications, whilst we see fresh volunteers in the peaceful array of Science enlisting under our banners, there is another and a gloomy phase to which our attention is painfully enforced. The loss which we sustain from time to time by death, as it is always a subject of deep regret, and one on which it is painful to dwell, presents on the present occasion a more than usually sad aspect. Our obituary includes two of the most di- stinguished men who have ever adorned our Society — Robert Brown on our home list, and Alexander von Humboldt on that of our foreign members, are names which it is an honour to this Society and to any other to which they belonged, to have had en- rolled amongst its members. The first scientific societies and academies in Europe numbered them amongst their most honoured associates ; and their mutual esteem and their high estimation of each other's talents and labours reflected equal honour upon both. To the scientific world the loss is indeed great ; and in our own sphere, although, with the rest of the world, we lament the ex- tinction of such a splendid light as Humboldt, yet as a few only of our number enjoyed the happiness of his intimate friendship, our feelings of-personal and affectionate sorrow are more awakened by the removal of him with whom we were in the constant habit of familiar and delightful intercourse.

But to both these great men is due the tribute of our sincere and profound regret. On the one hand, the Prince of Botanists, the man of universal information, of a rare and solid wisdom, the firm and constant friend, the kind and genial companion, the honest and upright man ; — on the other, the profound philosopher, the universal genius, comprehending within the vast grasp of his mind such an extent and variety of knowledge, such an instinctive perception of the truths of nature, as have rarely, if ever, fallen to the lot of any man before him, — such are the two men whom, as during this life they were the objects of our veneration and love, w^ now, with a corresponding earnestness, deplore.

LTNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XVll

Any attempt on my part to do justice to this subject would be wholly futile, in anticipation of the memorial which you will pre- sently hear from our esteemed Secretary, whose facile pen displays even more than its wonted eloquence when employed on the cha- racter of those whom he has loved and respected ; but there are one or two circumstances, to a knowledge of which I have had incidental access, either connected with the career of Mr. Brown, or in which I have been personally concerned, which I will beg your permission to mention.

When a great man has departed from amongst us, and we are enabled to take, as it were, a bird's-eye view of his whole career, and contemplate all that he has achieved in the sphere of action, whatever that may be, in which he had distinguished himself, — when, especially, there has been some one line of discovery in which he has stood out from the ranks of his fellows, and with which hia name has become identified, — it is interesting to look back into the distance and discern the one event, in itself probably trivial, which formed the starting-point of his journey, and had given a colour and a character to the subsequent history of his life and fame.

A simple letter which now lies before me constituted such a turning-point in the life and prospects of him whom we all de- plore, and who gave a tone and impress to the science which he pursued with such untiring zeal, with such bright and clear intel- ligence, and with such enduring results. In a letter from Correa da Serra, who was at that time a frequent visitor to the library of Sir Joseph Banks, addressed to that distinguished patron of science, the future Princeps Botanicorum is recommended to conduct the Botanical investigations belonging to the proposed voyage of dis- covery to New South "Wales, then about to be undertaken under the command of Plinders, and which was destined to lay the foun- dation of a future fame coextensive with the regions in which hia transcendent labours could be appreciated. This remarkable letter forms an item in the important mass of materials now consigned to my temporary keeping, which I trust may hereafter form the basis of a life of the distinguished President of the Boyal Society, to whom I have just referred. It will be readily imagined that, in the load of correspondence of which the greater part of these documents consists, some records might be found which would illustrate the intimate relation in which these two celebrated men stood to each other, and the influence which the talents and judgment and knowledge of Hobert Brown must have exercised upon his respected patron and friend. An indirect indication of

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this influence is afforded by some letters from Sir Joseph Banks, with reference to the unhappy voyage of Tuckey to the Congo, which, as it refers to an incident in my own life, and to my first ■ introduction to my late revered friend, I trust that I shall be ex- cused for relating. Many of you are aware that there was offered to me in the year 1815 the appointment of Naturalist to that ill- fated expedition. I sought an interview with Sir Joseph Banks, to whom I was referred for information, and with whom rested that appointment. Sir Joseph Banks being absent, I had a long conversation with Mr. Brown, then his librarian ; and he, with his accustomed kindness, laid before me the difficulties, the dan- gers, and the improbabilities of success, which presented at that time such formidable discouragements to those who were to form the expedition, and which were in great measure the cause of my declining the appointment. Now, on looking over the voluminous correspondence which I have mentioned, it struck me as highly probable that I should find some allusion to the circumstances of the expedition; and I find, in several letters from Sir Joseph Banks to the Government, representations which coincide entirely, as far as my memory serves me, with many of the dissuasive rea- sons which Mr. Brown had urged upon me.

I will not trouble you longer upon these painful subjects, which will presently be presented to you more at large. Happily there are other and more cheerful matters to which it is my duty to recur ; there is the white as well as the black side of the shield.

Of the presents which have been made to our library and col- lections, besides an unusual number of valuable books of the ordinary description, there are some which demand especial notice. A large collection of desiderata has been presented by Mr. Bennett, of books which had belonged to the late Mr. Brown, to the extent of about 300 items, many of them of particular value to us ; and we have just received from our respected Fellow, Mr. Cuming, the gift of all the works, not already in our possession, from his large collection of conchological publications, perhaps altogether the most complete in the world — those presented to us amounting to about 200 volumes. These munificent donations will fill up many hiatus in our library, and render it very complete in those departments to which the works particularly belong.

A very interesting addition has been recently made to our col- lection of Linnean MSS. by the presentation of many original -letters of Linnaeus formerly belonging to my old friend Dr. Maton,

LTNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XIX

for many years a respected Viee- President of the Society; to whose niece, Miss AVray of E.yde, we are indebted for this most acceptable present.

In the Botanical collections we have received from Mr. James Salter the whole of the Herbarium of British Plants of our lamented Fellow, Dr. Bell Salter of Eyde ; which, in addition to its being perhaps one of the most complete British Herbaria ever formed, possesses a peculiar value from its containing the typical specimens of his species in the genera Bosa, Buhus^ Saxifraga and others, to which, as is well known, he had paid especial attention. A com- plete set of specimens from the great Javan Herbarium of our venerable and distinguished Fellow, Dr. Horsfield, has also recently been presented to us, by which our already extensive and highly valuable Indian collections will be greatly increased in interest and importance. These have already passed through the hands of our Foreign Member, Professor Miquel of Amsterdam, now engaged on a Flora of Java, by whom they have been named.

Before I conclude, it may perhaps be expected that I should allude to a subject which has excited a good deal of anxiety, and, at one time, some alarm in the minds of the Fellows of the Societies which meet in this mansion — I mean the proposed erec- tion of buildings for various objects connected with Science and Art on the area of the ground belonging to this place. It was of course to be expected, and greatly to be desired, that so advan- tageous a site should not be left unoccupied whilst there were so many Societies and Institutions connected with intellectual pur- suits which were wholly unprovided with an independent local habitation, or were but inconveniently and uncertainly placed . Some have to obtain accommodation' for themselves and at their own expense ; and even those which enjoy the privilege of meeting in apartments provided by the Grovernment, are wholly severed from those kindred institutions, a near approximation of which would be so mutually beneficial. It will be recollected that tlie movement which some years since originated in the anxiety of a number of Fellows of the Eoyal and other Societies to obtain a juxtaposition of the Chartered Societies which represented departments of Science, terminated in our obtaining from the Government the present advantageous position for the three bodies now occupying Burlington House. Still the plan was but imperfect, and we have always anticipated the probable appro- priation of the whole site to the great object of bringing into one

b2

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focus all the principal institutions connected with Literature, Science, and Art, with a grandeur and completeness worthy of the nation.

Still it was matter of serious concern in what manner it should be carried out. Whether the whole space should be appropriated to this " holy alliance," or whether they should be locally associated with offices of mere Grovernment business, — whether the nature and position of the buildings should be so arranged as to allow the present noble erection to remain, and thus its present occu- pants to retain their place within it undisturbed, or whether it would be necessary, in carrying out the final plans of the archi- tect, to level with the ground a building so handsome, so sub- stantial, and so well adapted to its present purpose. Supposing the latter alternative to be decided upon, there sprung up the important question whether the new buildings were to be com- pleted and ready for our permanent occupation before we should have to quit the tenure of our present abode. Although it is not in my power to enter into any detail on the plan and arrange- ments of the architects appointed by the Government, I have great satisfaction in being able to state confidently that there is every disposition on their part to meet our wishes in the most effective and liberal manner. There will be no disturbance of the Societies in these present apartments until the new ones are fit for their reception. Our own accommodation will, there is every reason to anticipate, be even more complete than at present ; and I trust that our proximity to the Boyal Society, from which both have derived so much comfort, and I trust mutual accommodation and advantage, will still be provided for.

Gentlemen, I will not detain you longer. "With an increasing revenue, with enlarged means of carrying out our mission, with a list of Eellows more numerous, and I trust and believe more energetic in the cause of Science than ever, I feel that I have a right to conclude this address with the feeling of deep gratitude for the past, of sincere congratulation on our present condition, and of the brightest hope for our future prospects.

OBITUAEY NOTICES.

The Secretary then read the following notices of deceased Fellows, Foreign MemherSj and Associates : —

William John Broderip, Esq., was born in Bristol, November 21st, 1789. His father was an eminent medical practitioner in

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXI

that sea-port, and his collections of shells and corals afforded the child some of his earliest and favourite playthings. A schoolboy at the Eev. S. Sayer's academy, one of the amusements of the vacations was the arrangement and the study of the species of the paternal museum ; so that when young Broderip proceeded to Oxford, to be matriculated at Oriel College, he took with him, in addition to that basis of sound classical knowledge, in forming which Sayer had so high a reputation, a larger amount of zoolo- gical knowledge than perhaps any member of the learned Univer- sity at that time possessed.

Dr. Buckland, who then (1809) was Eellow and Tutor of Corpus Christi College, wrote of Broderip, in a letter now in his son's possession, " In my earlier years of residence at Oxford I took my first lesson in field geology in a walk to Shotover Hill with Mr. "William John Broderip, of Oriel, whose early knowledge of conchology enabled him to speak scientifically on the fossil shells in the Oxford oolite formation, and of the fossil shells and sponges of the greensand of the Vale of Pusey near Devizes, as to which he had been instructed by the E-ector of Pusey, Mr. Townsend, the friend and fellow-labourer of Mr. Wm. Smith, the father of English geology. The fruits of my first walk with Mr. Broderip formed the nucleus of my collection for my own cabinet."

The value of an early cultivation of Natural History has rarely been exemplified in a more striking degree than in the conse- quences of this collision of congenial minds, and in the splendid results which may be attributed to the stimulus which the special knowledge of the undergraduate gave to the Fellow of Corpus, who subsequently became the famous Professor of Greology in the University of Oxford.

The son and biographer of Dr. Buckland has remarked that " in after years Mr. Broderip was associated with Dr. Buckland on the closest terms of family friendship and intimacy ; and he ren- dered him the greatest assistance in his scientific labours, more especially in the revisal of the earlier editions of his ' Bridgewater Treatise.' "

Mr. Broderip, besides his proficiency in the classical and dia- lectic studies of Oxford, of which the influence is manifested in his subsequent writings, attended the anatomical lectures of Sir Christopher Pegge, and the chemical and mineralogical lectures of Dr. Kidd.

After taking the degree of B. A. he proceeded to London, entered at the Inner Temple, and commenced the study of the law in the

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cliamberS of Grodfrey Sykes, having as fellow-students, Patterson and Coleridge, who were subsequently raised to the Bench. In 1817 Mr. Broderip was called to the Bar, and selected the Western Circuit. He soon became favourably known as a diligent pro- secutor of the dry and difficult studies of his profession. He published an edition of * Callis on Sewers,' which has become a law classic ; and, in conjunction with Mr. Bingham, the present metropolitan magistrate, he brought out three volumes of " Law Eeports." Lord Sidmouth, in 1822, appointed Mr. Broderip ma- gistrate at the Thames Police Office.

The arduous duties of police magistrate were performed by Mr. Broderip at that office, and subsequently at the Westminster Court, during thirty-four years, with a combination of sound legal knowledge, firmness, good sense, kindly consideration, and com- passionate mercy in every admissible case, which established his reputation as one of the best magistrates of which this vast metro- polis has had the advantage, and which gained for him the con- fidence and esteem of each successive Minister for the Home Department.

The first seat of his judicial labours was in the midst of that mighty fleet which brings to the port of London the treasures and rarities of the world. Mr. Broderip's early fondness for Natural History was here revived, and he availed himself of his environ- ment to begin the formation of those collections of natural objects which had been the source of the cherished pleasures of his childhood.

The conchological cabinet of Mr. Broderip soon became classical ; and there were few among the foreign Professors resorting to London who did not avail themselves of Broderip^s urbanity and liberality, to visit and inspect the treasures which were accumu- lated in his chambers in Gray's Inn. This collection was ulti- mately purchased by the British Museum.

Mr. Broderip was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1824, of the Geological Society in 1825, and of the Eoyal Society in 1828. He cooperated zealously with Sir Stamford Eaffles, Sir Humphry Davy, Joseph Sabine, and Vigors in the formation of the Zoological Society, of which he was one of the original Eel- lows and Members of Council. He accepted the office of Secretary of the Geological Society, and performed the arduous duties of that office, conjointly with Murchison, to the year 1830. In a note to the writer. Sir Eoderick testifies to Mr. Broderip's labours of that period : " My coadjutor preserved the liicidus ordo of our

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXIU

meetings, made our ' Abstracts,' and was, in truth, the Naturalist of the Society."

To the ' Transactions of the G-eological Society ' (2nd series, vol. V, p. 171), Mr. Broderip contributed a Paper " On some Fossil Crustacea and Radiata found at Lyme Begis in Dorsetshire." His description of " The Jaw of a Fossil Mammiferous Animal found in the Stonesfield Slate," is published in the third volume of the ' Zoological Journal.' To the same periodical Mr. Broderip communicated " Observations upon the Volvooo glohator,'' " On the Manners of a live Toucan exhibited in this country," " On the Utility of preserving Facts relative to the Habits of Animals, with additions to two Memoirs in ' White's Natural History of Selborne,' " " On the mode in which the Boa Constrictor takes its Prey," " On the Habits and Structure of Faguri and other Crus- tacea," a " Notice on the Jfe messorius,^^ together with several valuable conchological articles. The chief bulk of Mr. Broderip's original writings on Malacology was consigned to the * Proceed- ings ' and '■ Transactions ' of the Zoological Society. I may refer to the Indexes of those collections and publications, and to the *■ Bibliographia Zoologiae et Greologise,' published by the Eay Society, for the titles of these numerous and valuable memoirs.

Few naturalists have more closely observed — none perhaps have more graphically and pleasingly described — the habits of animals. Mr. Broderip's " Account of the Manners of a tame Beaver," one of the pets that tenanted his chambers, published in the work entitled ' The Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society ' (vol. i. p. 167), affords a favourable example of his tact as an observer and power as a writer. Had circumstances permitted, he would have been a Field Naturalist second only to Gilbert White. When his friend Professor Owen became, through Royal favour, the tenant of one of the lodges in Richmond Park, Broderip would spend there much time in close observation of zoological phenomena afforded by the garden and the wooded vicinity of Sheen Gate. A note announcing the commencement of nidification in the adjacent rookery, or the arrival of a migra- tory song-bird, would immediately bring the retired Police Magi- strate to Richmond Park. Many references to facts so observed are made in those delightful combinations of profound and quaint learning with direct and close observation of nature which were contributed by Broderip to the ' New Monthly Magazine ' and to * Frazer's Magazine,' and which he afterwards collected and re- printed in the volumes entitled ' Zoological Recreations ' (8vo,

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1847), and 'Leaves from the Note-book of a Naturalist' (8vo, 1851).

Mr. Broderip was ever ready to aid a brother Naturalist. His collections, his rare zoological library, his pure classical taste and varied accomplishments, made the assistance he was able to give most valuable. We find it freely acknowledged in the early editions of Sir C. Lyell's ' Principles of Geology,' in the ' British rishes * of Yarrell, in the ' Silurian System ' of Murchison, and the ' Bridgewater Treatise' of Buckland. Broderip communicated a most valuable " Table of the Situations and Depths at which recent Genera of Marine and Estuary Shells have been observed," to the Appendix of De la Beche's ' E-esearches in Theoretical Geology,' and, in conjunction with Captain King, " Descriptions of the Cirripedia, Conchifera, and MoUusca collected during the Voyage of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle, 182G-30" (Zoological Journal).

To the ' Quarterly Eeview' Mr. Broderip contributed articles on the Zoological Gardens, on the Vine, on the Cetacea and Whale-fisheries, on the Writings of Captain Basil Hall, on the Bridgewater Treatise of Dr. Buckland, &c. But the main bulk of this indefatigable student's zoological writings are contained in the ' Penny Cyclopaedia,' viz. from Ast to the end, including the whole of the articles relating to " Mammals," " Birds," " Rep- tiles," "Crustacea," " Mollusca," "Conchifera," " Cirrigrada," " Pulmograda," &c., " Buftbn," "Brisson," &c., and "Zoology."

At the latter period of his career Mr. Broderip was elected "Bencher" and "Treasurer" of Gray's Inn, and to him was confided the especial charge of the library of that ancient and lionourable Society.

An attack of deafness, which resisted all the remedies applied, led Mr. Broderip to resign his office as Magistrate at the West- minster Police Court in 1856. His strict conscientiousness being equalled by a most delicate consideration for the feelings of others, he withdrew from much of that society of which the peculiar charms of his conversation and extensive and varied knowledge had made him an ornament and cherished member. His visits were now restricted to a very few of his oldest and most con- fidential friends, and he pursued his literary occupation with redoubled assiduity. His last publication, " On the Shark," ap- peared in the March Number of ' Frazer's Magazine.' It was tlie " first part" of an article on that subject, and bears all the marks of a mind in full intellectual vigour. On Saturday the 26th of

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV

February, 1859, Mr. Broderip dined alone, at his chambers, re- turned to his favourite occupation in the evening, and retired to rest, leaving some sheets of his neat and fair MS. on his writing- table. He became unwell in the night, but did not consider him- self so ill as to require medical aid ; when it was obtained in the course of the following day, the symptoms of a fatal serous apoplexy had supervened, and he expired on the night of the 27th of February, aged 70.

Sir Arthur Brooke de Capell Broolce, Bart., M.A., was bom in Bolton Street, May Fair, in the year 1791, and was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he took his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1810. In the same year he entered the army, and took the rank of Major in 1846. In 1823 he became a Fellow of the Linnean and of the Hoyal Societies, and subsequently also of the Geological. He died on the 6th of last December, at his seat, Oakley Hall, near Kettering, Northamptonshire, in the 68th year of his age.

In offering a brief sketch of the career of the greatest Botanist of the age, who for half a century formed the glory and ornament of our Society, our attention is chiefly arrested by his intense devotion to his favourite study, and by the calm, reflecting, and philosophical spirit which he brought to bear upon its pursuit, the combination of which qualities were alone sufficient to raise him, by his own unassisted efforts, to the highest position in the world of Science. Bohert Brown, Esq., D.C.L., was the second and only surviving son of the Eev. James Brown, A.M., Episcopalian Minister of Montrose, by Helen, daughter of the Eev. Eobert Taylor, and was born in that town on the 21st of December, 1773. Several generations of his maternal ancestors were, like his father, ministers of the Scottish Episcopalian Church, and from them he appears to have inherited a strong attachment to logical and meta- physical studies, the effects of which are so strikingly manifested in the philosophical character of his botanical investigations. At an early age he was sent to the Grammar-school of his native town, where among his contemporaries was a boy of kindred talents, the late Mr. James Mill, with whom he maintained through life an uninterrupted intimacy. In 1787 he was entered at Marischal College, Aberdeen, where he immediately obtained a Eamsay bursary in Philosophy ; and about two years afterwards, on his father quitting Montrose to reside in Edinburgh, he was removed to the University of that city, in which he continued his studies for several years, but without taking a degree, although

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destined for the medical profession. At this early period the strong inclination of his mind to the study of Botany gained for him the favourable notice of the amiable Professor of Natural History, Dr. "Walker; and he was induced, in the year 1791 (being then in the eighteenth year of his age), to lay before the Natural History Society, of which he was a member, his earliest Paper, containing an enumeration of such plants as had been dis- covered in North Britain subsequent to the publication of Light- foot's ' Flora Scotica,' with critical notes and observations. Al- though this Paper, like most of those read before the Society, was not intended for publication, it led to the communication of his specimens and observations to Dr. Withering, who was then en- gaged in the preparation of the second edition of his ' Arrange- ment of British Plants,' and laid the foundation of a warm and intimate friendship between them. In 1795, soon after the embodi- ment of the Pifeshire Regiment of Fencible Infantry, he obtained in it the double commission of Ensign and Assistant- Surgeon, and proceeded with it to the North of Ireland, in various parts of which he was stationed until the summer of 1798, when he was detached to England on recruiting service. Fortunately for him- self and for science, this service enabled him to pass several months, during this and the succeeding year, in London, where he availed himself to the utmost of the library and collections of Sir Joseph Banks, from whom his already established botanical reputation obtained for him a cordial reception. In 1799 he re- turned to his regimental duties in Ireland, from which he was finally recalled, in December of the following year, by a letter from Sir Joseph Banks, proposing for his acceptance the post of Naturalist in the Expedition for surveying the coasts of New Holland, then fitting out under the command of Captain Flinders. Within two days of the receipt of this letter, which placed within his reach the so-much coveted opportunity of devoting himself entirely to his favourite pursuit, he quitted the regiment and the military service; and in the summer of 1801 he embarked at Portsmouth, full of ardour and confident of success. His absence from England lasted more than four years, during which the southern, eastern, and northern coasts of New Holland, and the southern part of Van Diemen's Land, were thoroughly explored. In the month of October 1805 he arrived in Liverpool with a col- lection of dried plants amounting to nearly 4000 species, a large proportion of which were not only new to science, but exhi- bited new and extraordinary combinations of character and habit.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. JXVU

Immediately on hia arrival in England, he was appointed Librarian of the Linnean Society, of which he had been elected an Associate in 1798. During his voyage he had been indefatigable in de- scribing with the minutest accuracy the whole of the materials which he had collected, and in the accumulation of a vast store of facts and observations in relation to their structure and affinities, as well as to all the most important points in the anatomy and physiology of plants in general. The new views which were thus opened to him on a multitude of botanical subjects, he was en- abled, by his position at the Linnean Society, and by the free and unrestricted access which was liberally accorded to him to the treasures of the Banksian Library and Herbarium, to enlarge and to perfect, and to lay them before the world in a series of masterly publications, which at once stamped upon him the character of the greatest and most philosophical botanist that England had ever produced. In 1810 appeared the first volume of his ' Prodromus Florae Novae HoUandiae et Insulae Van Diemen,' which was re- ceived by all the more profound botanists of this country and of the continent as the work of a mind thoroughly imbued with the principles of the Natural System, and giving to that system, which had hitherto found little favour out of France, a wider and a firmer basis. This important work, together with his Memoirs on Pro- teacece and Asclepiadece, which immediately followed, and his * Ge- neral Eemarks, G-eographical and Systematical, on the Botany of Terra Australia,' appended to the ' Narrative of Captain Flinders' s Voyage,' published in 1814, by displaying in the most instructive form the superior advantages of the Natural System, whether in the monographic description of separate families, or in the com- parison of the families with each other and with the entire mass of vegetation, gave new life to that system, and speedily led to its universal adoption. A series of Memoirs followed, chiefly in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, or in the appendices to vari- ous books of travel and survey, which gave fuller and more com- plete development to his views on almost every department of botanical science, and induced the illustrious Humboldt not only to confer upon him the title of " Botanicorum facile Princeps," but also to salute him with the more comprehensive and expressive designation conveyed in the dedication of the ' Synopsis Plan- tarum Orbis Novi,' "Boberto Brownio, Britanniarum Glorias atque Ornamento, totam Botanices Scientiam ingenio mirifico complectenti." At the close of the year 1810, on the death of his old and intimate friend, the laborious, accurate and learned Dry-

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ander, he succeeded to the office of Librarian to Sir Joseph Banks, who (on his death in 1820) bequeathed to him for life the use and enjoyment of his library and collections. These were subse- quently, in 1827, with Mr. Brown's assent, and in conformity with the provisions of Sir Joseph's will, transferred to the British Mu- seum ; and from this latter date to his death, a period of upwards of thirty years, he continued to fill the office of Keeper of the Botanical Collections in the National Establishment. Soon after the death of Sir Joseph Banks he had resigned the Librarianship of the Linnean Society, of which he then became a Fellow ; and having been for many years one of its Vice-Presidents, was at last prevailed upon, in 1849, to allow himself to be elected President. This office he retained till 1853. He became a Pellow of the Boyal Society in 1811, and was several times elected into the Council. In 1839 he received its highest honour in the Copley Medal, presented to him " for his discoveries during a series of years on the subject of vegetable impregnation." In the mean- time honours and titles had flowed in upon him from all quarters ; and nearly every scientific Society both at home and abroad felt itself honoured by enrolling his name in the list of its Members. In 1832, the University of Oxford conferred upon him, in con- junction with Dalton, Faraday, and Brewster, the honorary degree of D.C.L. In the succeeding year he was elected one of the eight Foreign Associates of the Academy of Sciences of the Insti- tute of France, his name being selected from a list including those of nine other savans of world-wide reputation, nearly every one of whom has since been elected to the same distinguished honour. During the administration of Sir Eobert Peel, he received, in re- cognition of his great eminence in botanical science, a pension on the Civil List of £200 per annum. The King of Prussia subse- quently decorated him with the cross of the highest Prussian Civil Order, " Pour le Merite."

Among the more important of his Memoirs above referred to, may be mentioned his Papers on Composites, on Bqfflesia, and on the Fecundation of Orcliidece and Ascle/piadecB, in the Linnean Transactions ; the botanical appendices to the Yoyages or Travels of Tuckey, Parry, Franklin, Abel, King, and Denham ; his Papers on Active Molecules, and on the plurality of Embryos in Conifer ce, and his contributions to Wallich's ' Plantae Asiaticae,' and to Hors- field's ' Plantae Javanicse.' Of his later publications, the most remarkable are his "Botanical Appendix to Captain Sturt's Expe- dition into Central Australia," published in 1849; and his Me-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXIX

moir " On Triplosporite, an undescribed Fossil Fruit," published in the Linnean Transactions in 1851. The pervading and distin- guishing character of all these writings is to be found in the com- bination of the minutest accuracy of detail with the most compre- hensive generalization. No theory is propounded which does not rest for its foundation on the most circumspect investigation of all attainable facts. In perusing them, we are first struck with the evident completeness of the investigation, and next with the wonderful sagacity with which the ascertained facts are brought to bear upon the question at issue. And these distinguishing quali- ties are equally obvious throughout the wide range of objects treated of, whether in the anatomy, the physiology, the classifica- tion, the description, the distribution, or the affinities of plants, and in the examination both of recent and fossil structures. Among the most important anatomical and physiological subjects of which they treat, particular mention is due to the discovery of the nucleus of the vegetable cell, and of the circumscribed circulation on the walls of particular cells ; the development of the stamina, together with the mode of fecundation, in Asclepiadece and Or- chidece\ the development of the pollen and of the ovulum in Phsenogamous plants, with the peculiarities of the latter in Coni- fercB and Cyeadecs, and the bearing of these facts upon the general subject of impregnation ; the origin and development of the spores of Mosses ; and the discovery of the peculiar motions which take place in the "active molecules" of matter when seen suspended in a fluid under the microscope. Of structural investigations, the most important are those which establish the relation of a flower to the axis from which it is derived, and of the parts of a flower to each other, as regards both position and number ; the analogy between stamina and pistilla ; the neuration of the corolla of CompositcB, their aestivation and inflorescence ; and the struc- ture of the stems of Cycadece, both recent and fossil. To the study of fossil botany Mr. Brown was always strongly attached, and with a view to its prosecution he formed an extensive and valuable col- lection of fossil woods, which he has bequeathed under certain conditions to the British Museum. His collections in other de- partments were also considerable, and his library very extensive.

In private life Mr. Brown's character was thoroughly estimable. Shrinking, with instinctive modesty, from all public employments, whether professional or otherwise, which appeared to involve any- thing like display, he was sometimes thought, by those who knew him little, to be cold, distant, and reserved ; while those who were

XXX PROCEEDINGS OF THE

admitted to the privilege of his intimacy bear unanimous testi- mony to his unvarying kindness of heart, the genial warmth of his feelings, and the pure benevolence of his disposition. To a mind stored with anecdote he united a strong sense of humour, and a happy facility in its expression, which rendered him a most de- lightful companion. And when to these qualities we add his per- fect simple-mindedness, his unswerving devotion to truth, and that singular uprightness of judgment, which rendered him on all diffi- cult occasions a most invaluable counsellor, we shall easily per- ceive how it was that he became so warmly endeared to the hearts of his friends. From the death of Sir Joseph Banks, who be- queathed to him his house in Soho Square, he continued to occupy that portion of it which opened upon Dean Street ; and it was in the library of that illustrious man, the scene of his labours for sixty years, surrounded by his books and by his collections, that he breathed his last, on the 10th of June in the present year, and in the eighty-fifth year of his age.

John Cator, JSsq., of Beckenham Place, in the county of Kent, is referred to by Mr. Lambert as connected with Natural History by his uncle's marriage with the daughter of Peter CoUinson, and the consequent possession of those MS. Notes on Botanical sub- jects, by CoUinson, which Mr. Lambert made the foundation of a Paper in the tenth volume of our * Transactions,' and which the late Mr. Dillwyn subsequently printed separately under the title of ' Hortus CoUinsonianus ' 8vo : Swansea, 1843. Mr. Cator be- came a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1811, and died at his house at Beckenham on the 20th of August, 1858, at the age of 76.

Richard Chambers, Esq., was born in London, in 1784. He was educated for the profession of a schoolmaster, and for many years had one of the largest private schools in the metropolis. Early in life he evinced a fondness for the study of natural history. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1822, and con- tinued so to the close of his life, making occasional communica- tions to the Society, besides being the author of ' An Introduction to the Study of Botany,' Lond. 16mo, 1847, and of many scattered Papers on kindred subjects in different periodicals. He was also one of the first members of the Zoological Society, having been one of the Zoological Club — the parent of that Society. As a teacher, he contributed largely to the cause of popular education. He was associated with Earl Stanhope and Lord Brougham in the first endeavours to establish schools for all, and the present system

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXI

of National Education owed much to the warm approval of his system by the Government Commissioners, after several official visits and lengthened communications. Mr. Chambers was the author of many works connected with education ; he was an early member of the Society of Arts, an enthusiastic admirer of the fine arts, occasionally a public critic on the subject, and formed a choice collection of works by British artists. Besides his per- sonal friends and relatives, some thousands of pupils, many now rising in the ranks of literature, science, and the arts, will recall with pleasure the instructions they received from his amply stored mind, his enthusiastic love of nature, his high moral precepts and example, his genial kindliness, and his energetic endeavours to sow and foster the seeds of all worthy knowledge. The last ten years of his life were passed in retirement, and he died at Balderton, in Nottinghamshire, Dec. 20th, 1858, in the 74th year of his age.

John Samuel Gaskoin, JEsq., was born at Bagshot in Surrey in September 1790, and received his education at a private school. At the age of sixteen he became a house-pupil of the Marylebone Infirmary, and subsequently attended the necessary lectures, together with the hospital practice of St. George's, St. Bartholo- mew's, and the "Westminster Lying-in Hospital. In 1816 he went to Paris, where he remained about two years, still prosecuting his medical studies. On his return to London he established himself in practice, and in 1823 he was appointed Surgeon in Ordinary to King George the Fourth at Brighton, and in 1830 received a similar appointment to King William the Fourth. He was for many years Surgeon to Her Majesty's Theatre, Consulting Sur- geon to the London Infirmary for Diseases of the Skin, and Ho- norary Surgeon to the Royal Freemason's Institution for Female Children. His attachment to Natural History, and especially to Conchology, led him to form a considerable collection of shells, which was particularly rich in the species of Cyprcea^ Marginella, and Cohmhella ; and several Papers " On New Species of Cyprcea " in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society,' bear witness to the extent both of his collections and of his scientific knowledge of them. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1853, and, as a frequent attendant at our meetings, was well known to a large number of our members as an amiable man of large informa- tion, and a very agreeable companion. In the Zoological Societj^ and at the Art Union he also took an active part. He died sud- denly of disease of the heart, at his house in Clarges Street, May Fair, while engaged in writing down the description of some shells

XXXll PROCEEDINGS OF THE

in his cabinet, on the evening of the 5th of October, 1858, in the 69th year of his age.

Thomas Charles Harrison, Esq., was the son of William Har- rison, Esq., Q.C., a respected Fellow of our Society, of whom a short obituary notice is contained in the Anniversary Proceedings for 1842. The son, who became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1821, was placed by his father in the Treasury, of which he was Counsel, and became Principal Clerk in that department of the public service, after the murder of Mr. Drummond. He became F.E.S. in 1845, was a frequent attendant at our meetings, and, besides an inclination for Natural History, had a considerable taste for the fine arts, and had formed a valuable collection of paintings. He died on the 2nd of May, 1858, at the age of 65.

Rohert George Holland, Esq., M.D., became a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1817, and a Fellow of the College of Physicians in Edinburgh in 1838. In the same year he was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society. He practised for many years as a Physician at Sheffield, and died on the 18th of No- vember, 1857, at Hornsey Lane, near London.

The Bev. John Howson, M.A., was born at Giggleswick, near Settle in Yorkshire, in 1787, and was educated in the Grrammar- school of that place, of which he himself was afterwards Second Master for the long period of forty-five years. This is the school at which the celebrated Archdeacon Paley was educated ; and the Archdeacon's father was Head Master when Mr. Howson' s studies began there. Giggleswick is close to the great Craven fault in the West Biding. Mr. Howson was an ardent lover of nature in all her aspects ; and many were the rambles which he used to take with his pupils over a district peculiarly rich in botanical treasures. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1822, and died at Giggleswick on the 23rd of January in the present year, at the age of 72.

Sir Henri/ John Lambert, Bart., was bom on the 5th of Au- gust, 1792, and in 1803 succeeded his father in the baronetcy. In 1820 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society, and was also a Fellow of the Horticultural. He died at his seat, Aston Hall, Tetsworth, in the county of Oxford, on the 17th of December last, in the 67th year of his age.

Edward Moore, Esq., M.D., was the youngest son of Joseph Moore, Esq., of Plymouth, and was born in that town in the year 1794. He was principally educated at the Grammar-school at Plympton, and commenced his medical studies at Honiton. In

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIU

1815 he was admitted a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons ill London; in 1827 M.D. of the University of Edinburgh; and in 1828 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society. He was for many years surgeon of the North Devon Militia, and was one of the founders of the Plymouth Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye, of which he continued for thirty -three years to act, first as surgeon, and afterwards as physician, and to which he bequeathed a con- siderable legacy. The Plymouth Athenaeum also owed much to his exertions : he was for many years actively employed as its Secretary, and was also a Vice-President, and for a time President. Here he lectured repeatedly on a great variety of scientific sub- jects. Up to the last he continued to devote his attention to its Museum as Curator of the Greological Collection, the arrangement of which was among his latest acts. He attached himself also more especially to the study of zoology in several of its depart- ments, and contributed numerous papers to scientific periodicals on zoological and geological subjects. Those enumerated in the ' Bibliographia Greologiae et Zoologiae ' of the Eay Society are as follows : —

1. On a new British Fish. — Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. i. p. 17.

2. On the Birds of Devonshire.— JJic?. pp. 113, 176, 227, 319^

361.

3. On the Change of Plumage in the Gruillemot. — Ihid. p. 607.

4. On the occurrence of the Teredo navalis and Limnoria tere-

hrans in Plymouth Harbour. — Ihid. vol. ii. p. 206.

5. Notice on the Pilot-fish {Naucrates ductor), — Ann. Sf Mag.

Nat. Hist. vol. v^iii. p. 316.

6. Catalogue of the Malacostracous Crustacea of South Devon. —

Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. ii. p. 284.

7. On the Discovery of Organic E-emains in a raised Beach in the

Limestone Cliff under the Hoe at Plymouth. — JRep. Brit. Assoc. 1841, Sect. p. 62, &c.

In the pursuit of these various branches of study, he was in fre- quent correspondence with Yarrell, De la Beche, Buckland and others, to whom he communicated many important facts. For the last four years of his life he was a Magistrate of his native town ; and the estimation in which he was there held may be judged from the fact that his funeral was escorted by a numerous attendance of all the public bodies, the Members of the Medical Society, the Literary Institution, &c. He died at his residence in Athenaeum Terrace, on the 17th of July, 1858, at the age of 64.

The Bight Hon, Frederick John Bohinson^ first Earl of Ripon,

LINN. PROC. c

XXXIV PROCEEDINaS OF THE

was the younger son of Thomas second Lord Grantham, and was born in London, on the 30th of October, 1782. From Harrow, where be was contemporary with Peel, Aberdeen, Palmerston, and Byron, he proceeded to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated as M.A. in 1 802. In 1804 he became Private Secre- tary to his relative Lord Hardwicke, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; and from this time forward filled a variety of difierent offices in successive Administrations, until on the death of Can- ning in 1827, he became for a short time Prime Minister. On the formation of the Ministry of Earl G-rey in 1830, he again re- turned to office, and continued, with brief intervals of retirement, to fill various cabinet offices, until the close of Sir Eobert Peel's Administration in 1846, when he finally retired into private life. His Lordship married in 1814 Lady Sarah Hobart, only daughter of the late Earl of Buckinghamshire, by whom he leaves one only surviving child, Greorge Erederick Samuel, the present Earl, also a respected Eellow of our Society, of the Council of which he has been an active member. The late Earl became Eellow of the Linnean Society in 1852, and died on the 28th of January in the present year, at his seat at Putney Heath, in the 77th year of his age.

Three years ago it was my duty to record the death of an old and valued Eellow of the Society, the late Mr. Thomas Salter, of Poole, in Dorsetshire, and to offer a slight tribute of respect to his memory. I have now to add to our list of deaths for the present year the name of his eldest son, Thomas Bell Salter, Esq., M.D., of Byde, in the Isle of Wight, an amiable and accomplished man, a distinguished medical practitioner, an able naturalist, and nearly connected with u^ as the sister's son of our excellent President. He was a Doctor of Medicine of the University of Edinburgh, Licentiate of the Eoyal College of Surgeons of that City, Member of the Eoyal College of Surgeons of England, and for twenty years practised at Eyde, where he was one of the ori- ginal promoters of the Infirmary, to which he gave his gratuitous services up to the time of his death. In early life he commenced the formation of a Herbarium both of British and Eoreign Plants, which became of considerable extent, and which his brother. Dr. James Salter, E.L.S., has since his death liberally presented to the Linnean Society. This herbarium, among other valuable plants, is particularly rich in the forms of the genus Bub us, on which Dr. Bell Salter particularly w^orked, and in regard to which he was regarded as the highest authority. His papers on Botanical sub-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXV

jects are chiefly contained in the ' Phytologist,' and in the ' Bota- nical Grazette,' and the following is a list of them, as far as they are known to me : —

1. A Note on the "Weymouth Stations of Lathy r us Nissolia and

Salicornia radicans. — JPhytologist, vol. i. p. 866.

2. On the effects of Cultivation on Hyacinthtts non-scriptus. —

Fhyf. vol. i. p. 988.

3. Three days' botanizing at Selborne. — Phyt. vol. i. p. 1132.

4. Note on the Filia^-foemina as a Tree-fern. — JPhyt. vol. i.

p. 1141.

5. Observations on the genus Bulus. — Phyt. ii. pp. 87, 97, 131,

198.

6. On the yellow juice of (Enanthe crocata. — Fhyt. ii. p. 116.

7. Remarks on the Calamintha sylvatica of Bromfield. — PTiyt. ii.

p. 171.

8. On the meaning of the word recurvus. — Phyt. ii. p. 200.

9. On the fertility of certain Hybrids. Eead before the Isle of

Wight Philosophical Society. — Phyt. ii. p. 737.

10. Effects of the mildness of the present Season (the Winter of 1852-53).— P%?5. iv. p. 847.

11. A Descriptive Table of British Brambles. — Henfrey's Bota- nical Gazette, vol. ii. pp. 113, 147.

Of all these the most important, next to his Papers on Buhi, are his observations on hybrids, the fertility of which he tested in the genera MpiloUum and Geirni, through numerous generations. On the death of his friend and neighbour Dr. Bromfield, he was requested, in conjunction with Sir W. J. Hooker, to undertake the publication of the elaborate materials collected by that la- mented Botanist for a Plora of the Isle of Wight, which was pub- lished in 1856, by their joint care, under the title of ' Plora Yec- tensis.' In this work he naturallj^ took great interest, having for ten or twelve years worked side by side with Dr. Bromfield, and he added much to its value by his own observations. Dr. Bell Salter became a Pellow of the Linnean Society in 1837, he was married only in the February of last year, and died on the 30th of September last, at the age of 44, at the house of his brother-in- law, Dr. Lake, of Southampton, after a very short illness. " A more kind or generous spirit," says the writer of a notice in a local paper, " never breathed ; while his vast erudition threw a charm round his society for the like of which we shall have long to look in vain."

Benjamin Cruttall Pierce Seaman, Esq., of Eotherby and Hoby

c2

XXXVl . PROCEEDINGS OF THE

in the county of Leicester, was elected a Eellow of the Linnean Society in 1821, and died at his house in Upper Gower Street, London, on the 13th of June, 1858, at the age of 63.

Major Edmund Sheppa/rd, B.A., entered the service in 1806, became Lieutenant in 1808, and served at "Walcheren in the fol- lowing year. From 1814 to 1816 he served in Canada, and was present at several actions. In 1821 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society ; in 1825 he received his commission as Captain, and in 1838 that of Major ; and in 1840 he retired upon half-pay. He died on the 6th of November last, at his residence, Eutland House, Kingston-upon-Thames, at the age of 68.

The Bev. Edward Tagart, F.S.A., EG.S., was born at Bristol in 1804 ; he was educated at the school of Mr. Evans in that city, and subsequently at the Grrammar-school, Bath, where he mani- fested great aptitude for learning. His parents giving him the choice of a vocation in life, he fixed upon the Ministry, and at the age of 17 was placed at Manchester College, York, the most eminent theological school in the Unitarian connexion, then con- ducted by Mr. "Wellbeloved and Mr. Kenrick — names well known to all classical scholars. Having there completed his education, at the early age of 20 he went to Norwich, and was chosen pastor of the congregation then assembling in the Octagon, one of the oldest and most important in the Presbyterian denomination. Some of the most beautiful of the hymns used there were con- tributed by the late Sir James E. Smith, President of our Society. Sir James frequently attended Mr. Tagart's ministrations ; and the acquaintance thus established ripened into friendship. In 1828 Mr. Tagart removed to London and took charge of a congrega- tion in York Street, St. James's. Supported and strengthened by his efforts, they built for him the chapel in Little Portland Street, where he laboured to the end of his days; and in the religious body to which he belonged no name was more widely known or highly esteemed. He devoted himself zealously to his pastoral duties ; and among his hearers were many eminent scien- tific men. Nor was his influence confined to his own denomina- tion ; for his position brought him, politically and socially, into contact with distinguished men of all churches. His pursuits naturally partook of a literary rather than a scientific character ; but he contributed some papers to the ' Zoologist.' He was also the author of several works, chiefly biographical ; but he parti- cularly devoted himself to the study of Moral Philosophy, and was an ardent disciple of Locke, whose school he vindicated in a

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOK. XXXVll

work published in 1855, entitled " Locke's Writings and Philo- sophy." Mr. Tagart was for many years a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and of the Geological Society ; but of late he most delighted in the meetings of the Linnean, of which he was elected a Fellow in 1852. Without contributing much to our publica- tions or taking any prominent part in our discussions, he was con- stant in his attendance, and thus became well known to us all ; and his loss will be deeply felt by many of us, to whom he was personally endeared by his genial character and his highly culti- vated mind. His views were liberal and enlarged ; and he mani- fested at all times an earnest zeal for the diffusion of science. Returning from Hungary (on a visit undertaken at the instance of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association) he was seized with an aguish fever, and died suddenly at Brussels, on the 12th of October last, in the 55th year of his age.

Richard Taylor, JEsq., was born on the 18th of May, 1781, at Norwich. He was the second son (of a family of seven) of John Taylor, wool-comber, and Susan Cooke, and great-grandson of Dr. John Taylor, the author of the celebrated ' Hebrew Concord- ance.' His education was received at a day-school in Norwich, kept by the Eev. John Houghton, whom he describes as an ex- cellent grammarian and a severe disciplinarian. Under this able tutor and his son, he made early and considerable progress in classical learning, and also acquired some knowledge of chemistry and other branches of natural philosophy. It seems to have been the wish of the master that his pupil should proceed to the High School of Glasgow (where he had himself received his education), and there qualify himself for the ministry; but other counsels prevailed, and, principally at the suggestion of Sir James Edward Smith, the founder of the Linnean Society, and a very intimate friend of his parents, he was induced to adopt the profession of a printer — a profession to which he became ardently attached. On Sir James Smith's recommendation, he was apprenticed to Mr. Davis of Chancery Lane, London, a printer of eminence, from whose press issued many scientific works of importance. During this period of his life, his leisure hours seem to have been em- ployed in the study not only of the classics, but also of the mediaeval Latin and Italian authors, especially the poets, of whose writings he formed a curious collection.* From these, his " old dumps" as he was wont to call them, he derived great pleasure to the last moments of his life. He also became a proficient scholar in French, Flemish, Anglo-Saxon, and several of the

XXXVIU PEOOEEDINGS OF THE

kindred Teutonic dialects, — a proficiency which afterwards proved of eminent utility in his professional career, by far the greater number of the Anglo-Saxon works, and works connected with that branch of literature, published in London during the last forty years, having issued from his press.

On the expiration of his apprenticeship, he carried on business for a short time in Chancery Lane, in partnership with a Mr. Wilks; but on his birthday in the year 1803, at the age of twenty-two, he established himself, in partnership with his father, in Blackhorse Court, Fleet Street, from whence he soon after removed to Shoe Lane, and subsequently to E.ed Lion Court. His press speedily became the medium through which nearly all the more important works in scientific natural history were ushered into the world ; and the careful accuracy by which all its productions were distinguished led to a rapid extension of its use. It was immediately adopted by the Linnean Society ; the Eoyal Society and many other learned bodies succeeded ; individual members naturally followed the example of the Societies to which they belonged ; and the same valuable qualities which had rendered it so acceptable to men of science were equally appreciated by those engaged in other pursuits. The beautiful editions of the Classics which proceeded from it, soon rendered his favourite device (the lamp receiving oil, with its motto of " Alere flammam") as familiar to all who had received a classical education in Eng- land as it had been from the beginning to the world of science. It would be tedious to enumerate even the more important of these works ; but there is one in all respects so remarkable as to deserve especial mention. This is the facsimile of the Psalms from the Codex Alexandrinus, edited by the Eev. H. H. Baber, " at whose chambers in the British Museum," says Mr. Taylor in his Diary, under date of the 11th Nov. 1811, " I have collated the proofs of the first and second sheets with the Codex letter by letter, and I intend, if possible, to do the same for all the rest." A more striking proof could not be adduced of his strict attention to the accuracy of his press, and of his persevering devotion even to the minutest duties of his profession. It was by such means, aided by his high moral worth, that he nobly sustained the credit of the profession to which his abilities were devoted, and de- servedly acquired the friendship, esteem, and confidence of the large circle of eminent men with whom it brought him into con- stant and familiar intercourse.

In the year 1807 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society,

LINNEi-N SOCIETY OE LONDON. XXXII

and at the anniversary of 1810 he was elected Under-Secretary, an office which he retained for nearly half a century, and in which he earned for himself the cordial esteem and good-will of every member of the Society. In his Diary, under date of the anniver- sary of 1849, he notes that he had " served with M<^Leay, Bicheno, Dr. Boott, and Mr. Bennett, under the successive presidencies of the founder Sir J. E. Smith (the intimate and dear friend of my parents and my wai^n friend), of the Earl of Derby, the Duke of Somerset, and my excellent friend Dr. Stanley, Bishop of Nor- wich." To the names of the Presidents he might subsequently have added those of Mr. Brown and Mr. Bell ; and he must have felt, though he was too modest himself to note it down, how highly he was esteemed by them all for his strict sense of honour, the amiability of his disposition, and his entire devotion to the interests of the Society.

Among the numerous other learned bodies of which he was a member, the Society of Antiquaries, the Astronomical Society, and the Philological were those in which he took the deepest interest. He also attached himself from its commencement to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, nearly all the meetings of which, while his health permitted, he regularly attended. At these pleasant gatherings of the scientific world, in the society of his numerous friends and of those whose names were most distinguished in science, many of the happiest days of his life were passed.

In 1822, he joined Dr. Tilloch as editor of the * Philosophical Magazine,' with which Dr. Thomson's ' Annals of Philosophy ' were subsequently incorporated. In 1838 he established the * Annals of Natural History,' and united with it, in 1841, Loudon and Charlesworth's ' Magazine of Natural History.' He subse- quently (at the suggestion and with the assistance of some of the most eminent members of the British Association) issued several volumes of a work intended especially to contain papers of a high order of merit, chiefly translated, under the title of ' Taylor's Scientific Memoirs.' But his own principal literary labours were in the field of biblical and philological research. In 1829 he pre- pared a new edition of Home Tooke's 'Diversions of Purley,' which he enriched with many valuable notes, and which he re- edited in 1840. In the same year (1840), Warton's ' History of English Poetry' having been placed in his hands by Mr. Tegg, the publisher, he contributed largely, in conjunction with his friends Sir E. Madden, Benjamin Thorpe, J. M. Kemble, and others, to

xl PEOCEEDINGS OE THE

improve the valuable edition published in 1824 by the late Mr. Richard Price.

For five-and-thirty years he represented the ward of Farringdon Without (in which his business premises were situated), in the Common Council of the City of London, and constantly paid strict attention to his representative duties. Of all the objects which came under his cognizance in this capacity there were none which interested him more deeply than questions connected with education. He took an active part in the foundation of the City of London School, and the formation of the Corporation Library ; and warmly promoted the establishment of University College and of the University of London. His politics were de- cidedly liberal ; but his extended intercourse with the world, and the natural benevolence of his character, inclined him to listen with the most complete tolerance to the opinions of those who differed from him ; and he reckoned among his attached friends many whose political opinions were strongly opposed to his own.

Early in the summer of 1852 his health gave way, and he found it necessary to withdraw from the excitement of active life. He settled down at Richmond, and once more gave himself up to Ovid, Virgil, and his old friends Paulus Manutius, Justus Lipsius, Ochinus, Fracastorius, &c. Increasing years brought increasing feebleness ; and the severe weather of November last brought on an attack of bronchitis, of which he died suddenly on the 1st of December, in the 78th year of his age.

The Society has to record the loss, at a very advanced age, of one among the oldest of its members, in the death of Dawson Turner, Esq., which took place at Brompton on the 20th of June in the last year. He was born at Grreat Yarmouth, on the 18th of October, 1775, and was the eldest son of Mr. James Turner, banker, in that place, by Miss Elizabeth Cotman, of Ormesby, Norfolk. For his classical attainments Mr. Turner was mainly indebted to his private tutor, the Rev. Robert Forby, of Forncet, Norfolk. He entered, indeed, at Pembroke College, Cambridge, of which his uncle, the Rev. Joseph Turner, Dean of Norwich, was master ; but instead of continuing his studies at the Uni- versity, he was called, by the death of his father, to take, at a very early age, an active part in the well-known bank of Gurneys and Turner, Grreat Yarmouth. Mr. Turner's love of literature and of languages, especially Latin and Grreck, Italian and German, in all of which he was a great proficient, never forsook him ^ and to these he added, successively, various other pursuits, indicative

LINNEAN SOCIETT OF LONDON. xU

of a highly cultivated mind, and all of which he followed with much enthusiasm and success. His early residence in the country, and in a district abounding with wild plants, and the fact of his tutor's partiality to botany (as testified by Sir James Smith, when dedicating a new species of Willow {Salix Forhyana) to him), gave him a taste for Natural History in general, and especially for collecting and investigating the vegetable productions of the neighbourhood. This branch he studied with great ardour ; and, nothing deterred by the difficulty of the subject, after attaining a competent knowledge of British Phsenogamous plants, he devoted his attention to the Cryptogamia. Perhaps in consequence of his residence upon the sea-coast, Mr. Turner was chiefly attracted by the Algcd ; and there cannot be a doubt that his ' Synopsis of the British Euci,' published in 1802, contributed largely to encourage the study of the sea-weeds of our own islands, by the accuracy of its descriptions, and, being written in a popular form, by the elegance of the composition.

The ' Synopsis of British Euci ' was quickly followed, in 1804, and after a tour in Ireland which afforded a rich harvest of Mosses, by his ' Muscologise Hibernicse Spicilegium,' with 16 coloured plates of new species, the descriptions and preface written entirely in Latin.

Mr. Turner's third botanical work was prepared in conjunction with his late intimate friend, Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Esq., of Swansea, and was entitled " The Botanist's Gruide through England and Wales," in 2 vols. 8vo: it was the result of many botanical tours in various counties, and of communications of notes and specimens from numerous correspondents. His object was now to undertake a general history of sea-weeds, foreign as well as British, with coloured figures of all the species, and full descrip- tions in Latin and English, entitled " Euci, sive Plantarum Euco- rum Generi a Botanicis ascriptarum Icones, Descriptiones et His- toria." It was undoubtedly the most distinguished and laboured of all his publications — commenced in 1808 and concluded in 1819, in four volumes, large quarto and folio, with 258 plates, many, and those the best of them, from the pencil of his accom- plished lady, Mrs. Turner. This valuable and highly meritorious work, unfortunately for botany, and unfortunately for Mr. Turner's rising fame in that direction, was the la«t he ever published on a science he fondly loved and continued to love and to talk of with more pleasure than on any other subject, so long as his declining faculties permitted liim. He apologizes, in the closing page of

xlii PEOCEEDINOS OF THE

the * Fuci,' for bringing the book to a conclusion in such an im- perfect state. " It is," he says, " principally attributable to the more than usual progress made of late years in the knowledge of this branch of Natural History, which, by the numerous expe- ditions in quest of science, has been extended to such a degree that it is difficult to imagine what number of species may ulti- mately be found; so that, though the present publication has already far exceeded the limits originally contemplated, it ends incomplete, leaving the feeling that our knowledge is in its in- fancy, and that, till more is seen, the point which the author had principally in view, that of reducing the marine species in general under natural families, in a well-organized system, cannot be satisfactorily accomplished. Various attempts have, meanwhile, been made to bring this interesting tribe of plants under a new arrangement ; and one in particular, by M. Lamouroux, embracing a comprehensive view of the subject, is entitled to great credit. To these, however, the author is not ambitious of adding, but rather finds satisfaction in taking leave of his readers, with the consciousness of having laid before them a set of figures upon the accuracy of which they may rely, and which, as representations of things that are, will, through every change of human opinions, retain an undiminished value, while they may serve, in the hands of some abler and more fortunate successor, as the ground-work of that which he had hoped to have accomplished himself." Such successors (and Mr. Turner lived to hail the results of their sy- stematic labours) have been found in Agardh and Harvey, who have not failed to record their obligations to the work thus briefly noticed.

The above-mentioned publications constitute, however, but a small part of the services rendered to botany by Mr. Turner, as Sir James Smith's ' English Botany,' and ' Flora Britannica ' and ' English Flora,' and, we may add, the volumes of our own Trans- actions can testify : he did still more, by encouraging in the pursuit of science every young Naturalist who came in his way, welcoming him to his table, assisting him by the use, and often by presents, of books, and by advice and money, if needed. He possessed an extensive library, rich in works on the Fine Arts and Literature, as well as in Botanical publications. He joined with Mr. Borrer, so well known in our Society, in the preparation of a work upon Lichens, of which only a small portion was printed, for private circulation, extending to 167 pages, under the title of ' Lichenographia Britannica,' but which, if continued as it was

LINNEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON. xliii

begun, would have reflected great credit on both the individuals concerned in it. The removal of more than one friend of con- genial tastes from the vicinity of Yarmouth contributed perhaps to lessen Mr. Turner's devotion to the study of plants.

But a mind so highly cultivated and endowed as his was, with a degree of health and strength of physical and intellectual powers beyond most men, would not suffer him to allow the time which could be spared from business to pass unemployed. Besides general literature, he studied and collected pictures, coins, medals, autographs of sovereigns and distinguished people, antiquities, county histories (that of his native county, Norfolk, above all), to an extent which need not be further alluded to here, but which is fully acknowledged by all who have been interested in such pursuits. From his earliest career, and for a period of nearly sixty years, he carried on a most extensive literary and scientific correspondence, all of which he preserved and arranged chrono- logically. Could those letters from the numerous and eminent European botanists of the time be collected together, they would contribute much information on the state of natural science during the first twenty years of the present century, including the period of the last twenty years of the lives of Sir Joseph Banks, and of the first President of our Society, Sir James Smith. Indeed, Mr. Turner long meditated, but never accomplished, the publica- tion of a memoir of our great Maecenas, intending it to comprise a history of the progress of botany up to the death of that distinguished man.

Mr. Dawson Turner was in his 83rd year at the time of his decease : the grave closed over him and E/obert Brown within a few days of each other, — the one a zealous, and for a while inde- fatigable, and the last of the botanists of the old or Linnean school ; the other the most distinguished promoter of the new or Jussieuan method.

Mr. Turner became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1797, and had been upwards of 61 years a member at the time of his decease. The following is a list of his Papers in our ' Trans- actions : ' —

Calendarium Plantarum Marinarum. — Vol. v. p. 126.

Descriptions of four new species of Fucus. — Vol. vi. p. 125.

Descriptions of four new British Lichens.— Vol. vii. p. 86.

B^emarks upon the Dillenian Herbarium. — Vol. vii. p. 101.

Description of a new species of Lichen. — Vol. viii. p. 260.

Descriptions of eight new British Lichens. — Vol. ix. p. 135.

xliv PROCEEDINGS OF THE

And in conjunction with Mr. James Sowerby,

Catalogue of some of tlie more rare plants observed in a tour through the Western Counties of England, made in June 1799.— Vol. V. p. 234.

The following Notices relate to the eminently distinguished men whose places have become vacant in the list of our Foreign Members : —

Carl Adolph Agardh, Bishop of Carlstad and Knight of the Polar Star, distinguished as a botanist, a statesman, and a theolo- gian, was the son of a shopkeeper in the town of Bartad, in the Swedish province of Halland, where he was born on the 23rd of January, 1785. He became, in 1799, a student of the University of Lund, and published his inaugural dissertation, entitled " Cari- cographia Scanensis," in 1806. In the following year, at the age of two-and-twenty, he was appointed Professor of Mathematics ; but his scientific studies continuing to take the direction indicated by his earliest work, he proceeded to Stockholm, where, under the superintendence of Swartz, he devoted himself to the study of Cryptogamic plants. After making a tour through Denmark, Northern Grermany, and Poland, he returned to Lund, and in 1812 became Professor of Botany and Practical Economy in that Uni- versity. In 1816 he took holy orders, and was immediately named pastor of St. Peter's Kloster ; and in the diets of 1817, 1823, and 1834, he sat as deputy for his diocese. In 1821, he undertook a scientific journey through Denmark, Germany, Holland, and France ; and in 1827 he travelled through part of Germany and Italy. During all this period he was actively engaged in the pub- lication of his botanical labours, especially in reference to the family oiAlgce, a group of plants which, by his persevering and suc- cessful investigation, he made peculiarly his own, and the syste- matic arrangement of which he entirely remodelled. He was chosen a Member of the Eoyal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm in 1818 ; in 3 824 he was decorated with the Order of the Polar Star ; and in 1825 he was called to Stockholm as a member of the great Committee then formed for the organization of a new system of public instruction. In 1833, he paid a visit to England, and in the same year he was elected a Foreign Member of the Linnean Society. On his elevation to the bishopric of Carlstad in the fol- lowing year, he resigned his Professorship in the University ; and from this time forward he almost ceased his botanical labours, devoting himself chiefly to his public and religious duties. His

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlv

principal botanictal works are his " Dispositio Algarum Suecise," Lund, 1810-12; "Algarum Decades i.-iv.", Lundae, 1812-15; " Synopsis Algarum Scandinaviae," Lundse, 1817 ; " Aphorismi Botanici," Lundse, 1817-25 ; " Icones Algarum Ineditae," Lundae, 1820-22; "Species Algarum rite cognitae," Gryphiae, 2 vols. 1823-28; "Systema Algarum," Lundae, 1824; "Classes Plantarum," Lundae, 1825 ; " Icones Algarum Europaearum," Leipzig, 1828-35, and " Larobok i Botanik," Malmo, 2 vols. 1829-32, the last trans- lated into German under tlie title of "Lebrbucli der Botanik," Kopenbagen, 1831-32. Among the eminent men wbom Sweden has produced since the days of Linnaeus, Bishop Agardh unques- tionably takes a very high rank. In investigation he was labo- rious and accurate, in his views of arrangement careful and clear- sighted, in his speculations bold and frequently successful. His writings on mathematics and political economy are not within our sphere ; but they are spoken of by his countrymen as valuable and instructive contributions to the sciences to which they relate. Of his extensive acquirements, of the frankness of his manners, and the kindliness of his disposition, there are many among us who retain a vivid recollection. He married Charlotta Lindskog, the daughter of a tradesman in Lund, and died at Carlstad on the 28th of January last, having just completed his 74th year, leaving one son, Jacob Georg, who, following in the footsteps of his illus- trious father, has earned for himself high distinction among the cultivators of botanical science.

Aim^ Bonpland, the companion and friend of Humboldt, was born at Eochelle on the 22nd of August, 1773, and was educated for the medical profession. In the spring of 1798, when Alexander von Humboldt visited Paris, he found Bonpland, then one of the most promising students of the Ecole de Medecine and of the Jardin des Plantes, busily preparing, in company with Michaux, to take part under Captain Baudin in a Voyage of Discovery to South America. With this enterprise he eagerly associated him- self, and soon became warmly and intimately attached to the companions of his intended voyage, and especially to Bonpland. The expedition, however, being set aside for want of funds, the two friends, after a fruitless attempt to join the corps of French savans then assembled in Egypt, determined to pass the winter together in Spain, and in January 1799 proceeded to Madrid. Here, through the intervention of the Saxon minister, they were introduced to the king, by whose orders every possible facility was afforded them for prosecuting that extensive journey through the Spanish domi-

xlvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

nions in Mexico and South America, which now presented itself to their minds as the most suitable means of satisfying their ardent desire for scientific travel and research, and on which they embarked at Corunna in May 1799. It is needless to follow the steps of the distinguished travellers through this celebrated journey, the im- mense results of which have been made known in a multitude of splendid publications, forming the most elaborate and magnificent series that have ever arisen out of a single undertaking. It may be sufficient to say that the botanical collections alone, with which Bonpland chiefly concerned himself, amounted to upwards of 6000 species, and were published partly in the " Plantes Equinoc- tiales," 2 vols. foL, Paris, 1808-9 ; in the " Monographia Melasto- macearum," 2 vols, folio, 1806-23 ; and, with the cooperation of Kunth, in the " Nova G-enera et Species Plantarum Americas ^quinoctialis," 7 vols, folio, Paris 1815-25 ; in a " Synopsis " of the same work in 4 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1822-25 ; in the " Mimeses et autres Plantes Legumineuses," fol. Paris, 1819-24; and in the " Distribution Methodique des Grraminees," 2 vols. fol. Paris, 1835. The travellers arrived at Bordeaux on their return to Europe in August 1804, having been absent rather more than five years ; and for the next twelve years Bonpland resided in or near Paris, busied in the arrangement of the collections, and in superintending the various publications connected with them. Soon after his arrival in Prance he was appointed to the charge of the Botanic Garden maintained by the Empress Josephine at Malmaison, and published in connection with it a splendid work, entitled " Description des Plantes rares cultivees a Navarre et a Malmaison," fol. Paris, 1813-17. On the fall of the Emperor Napoleon, however, his passion for foreign travel appears to have revived ; and in 1818 he again quitted Europe, with the title of Professor of Natural History at Buenos Ayres. Here he did not long continue in a state of repose, but commenced in 1820 a new journey into the interior, with a visit to a colony of Indians which he had founded at Santa Anna on the banks of the River Paraguay, for the purpose of cultivating the Yerva de Paraguay, or Paraguay Tea, regarded throughout South America almost in the light of one of the neces- saries of life. At this place he was seized and made prisoner by the orders of Dr. Francia, who had founded in Paraguay a singular dictatorship on the ruins of the Jesuit power in that province, and who totally destroyed the plantations made by Bonpland, with the view of securing to himself the monopoly of the cultivation to which they were devoted. By his orders Bonpland was carried to

LINNEAF SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlvii

Santa Martha, in which place he was restored to partial liberty, and permitted to act as a kind of garrison-physician to the dictator's troops. It was not until 1829 that, after the strongest instances, he was permitted to return to Buenos Ayres, when his friends warmly welcomed his restoration to liberty, under the hope that he would immediately return to European society. In this ex- pectation, however, they were disappointed : it would appear that his long residence in South America had generated a preference for his adopted coimtry, in which he remained until his death. This event took place at St. Erancisco de Borja, a small Brazilian town on the eastern borders of Entre Hios, at no great distance from Uruguay, where he had resided since 1831. He died on the 4th of May in the year 1858, in the 85th year of his age, leaving behind him so high a character, not only as a talented and accom- plished naturalist, but as an amiable and estimable man, that the British community at Buenos Ayres determined to erect a suitable monument to his memory. He was unquestionably one of the most distinguished men belonging to what Prof, von Martins has aptly denominated the peripatetic age of botany ; and his death, at so great a distance both of time and space from the scene and period of his active labours, warns us strongly how few are the links that still remain to bind us to that interesting and important epoch in the history of botanical science.

I had written the last sentence — one as it would almost appear of melancholy foreboding — on the morning of the day on which the evening papers brought us the sudden and unexpected intelligence of the death of Baron Alexander von Humboldt, the friend of Bobert Brown, the still more intimate friend of Bonpland, and the oldest survivor of that generation of inquirers into nature, who commencing their investigations before the close of the last century, have continued them through more than half of the present. This event completing the muster-roll of illustrious names of whom death has deprived us during the past year, has come upon us so suddenly and so recently that I must entreat the pardon of the Society if I fail to pay a fitting tribute of respect to the memory of one so eminently distinguished, not only in the sciences which we especially cultivate, but in every science connected w^ith the great and comprehensive study of nature in its widest sense. To attempt, within the short space of time which I could command, to give the merest outline of his labours and of his merits, would be in the highest degree presumptuous. I feel too, that the task of doing justice to the character of so great a man will naturally fall

xlviii PROCEEDINGS OF THE

to hands far abler than my own ; and to those hands I cheerfully resign it. I will therefore only add that Alexander von Humboldt was born at Berlin on the 14th of September, 1769, was elected one of the eight Foreign Associates of the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of France, in the place of Cavendish, in 1810, became a Foreign Member of the Eoyal Society in 1815, and a Foreign Member of the Linnean Society in 1818, and died at Berlin on the 6th of May in the present year, in the 90th year of his age.

Lastly, we have to record the deaths of two of our Asso- ciates : —

Mr. Samuel Stutchhury was the son of a dealer in mathematical instruments in the City of London, and early attached himself to Natural History pursuits. In 1825 he was engaged, in the capa- city of Natural History collector, to accompany an expedition fitted out for the purpose of fishing for Pearls in the Pacific Ocean, and soon after his return became Curator of the Bristol Philosophical Institution, which office he retained for many years. In 1842 or 1843 he went out to New Holland with a geological appointment, and returned about two years ago, bringing with him considerable collections in various departments of Natural History. He was elected an Associate of the Linnean Society in 1828, and contributed two Papers to our 'Transactions;' one entitled " An Account of the Mode of Grrowth of Young Corals of the genus Fungia,^^ vol. xvi. p. 493 ; and the other, a " Descrip- tion of a new species of the genus ChamcBleon,'^ vol. xvii. p. 361. Besides these, he Was author of the six following Papers : — 1. " On two new genera of Testaceous Mollusca," Zool. Journ. v. p. 95 ;

2. "On Cypracassis,'' Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. i. pp. 214, 470;

3. " On a new fossil Avicula,^^ Ibid. ii. p. 163 ; 4. " On a new genus of Fossil Bivalve Shells {JPachyodon)'' Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 481 ; 5. " On a new Sponge from Barbadoes {Bacty- localyx pumiceus), Proc. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 86 ; 6. " On a new species of Plesiosaurus in the Museum of the Bristol Institution," Journal of the Geological Society, ii. p. 411. Of the last-named Society he was a Fellow. He returned from Australia in dilapidated health, and died at Bristol on the 12th of February in the present year, at the age of 61.

Of Mr. Thomas Turner, of Eton College, I only know that lie was elected in 1832, and died in the autumn of 1858,

LIKNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlix

At the Election which subsequently took place, Thomas Bell, Esq., was re-elected President ; Erancis Eoott, Esq., M.D., Trea- surer ; John Joseph Bennett, Esq., Secretary ; and George Busk, Esq., Under- (Zoological) Secretary. The following five Eellows were elected into the Council in the room of others going out : viz., Erederick Currey, Esq., E.R.S. ; Prof. Grant, E.E.S. ; Thomas Corbyn Janson, Esq. ; Prof. Lindley, E.E.S. ; and Sir Charles Lyell, E.E.S.

The President nominated George Bentham, Esq., Erancis Boott, Esq., M.D. ; Eichard Owen, Esq., D.C.L. ; and "William "Wilson Saunders, Esq., Yice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

Among the presents announced, was that of an extensive series of conchological works not previously existing in the Society's Library, presented by Hugh Cuming, Esq., E.L.S., to whom the special thanks of the Society were directed to be offered for his valuable present.

June 2nd, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

"William Camps, Esq., M.D., was elected a Eellow.

Eead, first, " Notes on SomaUiim ; " by George Bentham, Esq., y.P.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 31.)

Eead, secondly, a " Eevision of JDalhergiecB ',^^ by George Ben- tham, Esq., y.P.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. .)

Eead, thirdly, a Letter from Charles Knight, Esq., E.L.S., " On the Common Slug of New Zealand." (See "Transactions," vol. xxii. p. •)

Eead, fourthly, a " Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected by Mr. A. E. "Wallace at Makessar in the Island of Celebes ; " by Francis "Walker, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 90.)

Eead, fifthly, a second Letter from Mr. Charles Barter on the Vegetation of Western Africa, addressed to Sir W. J. Hooker, E.E.S., E.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 23.)

LINN. PROC.

1 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

June 16th, 1859. Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Edward Bradford, Esq. ; the Venerable Archdeacon Hale ; M. H. Lackersteen, Esq., M.D. ; J. T. Llewelyn, Esq. ; Dr. Q-eorge Eolleston ; and David Williams, Esq., were elected Eellows.

The special thanks of the Society were ordered to be given to the President for his present of a valuable series of physiological works, not previously in the Society's Library.

Read, first, a " Revised Synopsis of the Distomidce ; " by T. Spencer Cobbold, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceed- ings," vol. iv. p. .)

Eead, secondly, a Memoir " On the structure of the Pitcher in the genus Nepenthes ; with the description of several new species from Borneo;" by Joseph Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.R.S., E.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. .)

Eead, thirdly, a " Synopsis of the Indian species of Impatiens ; " by J. D. Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.R.S., F.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. .)

Eead, fourthly, a " Description of a New Genus of Balanopho- recd;^^ by Dr. Hooker. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. .)

Eead, fifthly, a " Description of the genus Fropiera of Bouton ;" by Dr. Hooker. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. .)

Eead, sixthly, Notes " On Leopoldinia Piassaha, "Wallace ; " by Eichard Spruce, Esq. Communicated by Greorge Bentham, Esq., V.P.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 58.)

Eead, seventhly, a Notice " On the cultivation of the Cocoa-nut in Ceylon; " by the Eev. Thomas Foulkes, in a letter to Sir W. J. Hooker, F.E.S., F.L.S.

Eead, eighthly, a Memoir " On the Embryogeny of Endogens ; " by Benjamin Clarke, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii.

p. •)■

Eead, ninthly, " Miscellaneous Notes on Various Plants ; " by Benjamin Clarke, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii.

p. .)

Eead, tenthly, a " Memoir " On East Indian Salices ; " by Prof. N. J. Andersson. Communicated by Joseph Hooker, Esq., M.D., F.E.S., F.L.S. See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 39.)

ADDITIONS

TO THE

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

RECEIYED FEOM JULY 1, 1858, TO JUNE 30, 1859.

[^Conti/ntied from Vol. HI. page Ixxi.]

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies. Amsterdam ; —

Kon. Akademie van Wetenscbappen.

Verhandelingen, deel 4-6. Amsterdam, 1857-58, 4to. Yerslagen en Mededeelingen. Afdeeling Natuurhunde, deel 7. Ih. 1857-58, 8vo.

Afdeel. Letterhunde, deel 3. Ih. 1857-58, 8vo.

Jaarboek voor 1857. Ih. 8vo.

Catalogus van de Boekerii der Akademie, deel 1, st. 1. Ih. 1857, 8vo. The Academy.

K. Zoologisch G-enootschap, "Natura Artis Magistra." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 7*^^ Aflevering. 1858, 4to.

The Society. Basel : — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen, Theil 2, Heft 1. Basel, 1858, 8vo. The Society.

Batavia: — Bataviaasch Genootschap van Knnsten en Weten- schappen. Verhandelingen ; deel 26. Batavia, 1854-57, 4to. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde; deel 6. Ih. 1856-57, 8vo. The Society.

Berlin : —

Konigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Abhandlungen aus dem Jahre 1857. Berlin, 1858, 4to. Monatsbericht, von Januar — Dec.185 8. Ih. 1858-59, 8vo.

The Academy. Meteorologiscbes Institut. Uebersicbt der Witterung in Nordl. Deutschland. Jahrg. 1855-58. Berlin, 4to.

The E. Acad, of Sciences, Berlin. d2

lii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies (contimwd). Berlin (continued) : —

Verein zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues in den K. Preuss- ischen Staaten. Verhandlungen, Neue Eeihe, Jahrg. 5, Heft 1-3, and Jahrg. 6, Heft 1. Berlin, 1857-58, 8vo.

The Society.

Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 2.

London, 1858 , 8vo. The Club.

Bonn : — Naturhistorischer Verein. Yerhandlungen, Jahrg. 14,

Heft 2 & 3, and Jahrg. 15. Bonn, 1857-58, 8vo. Boston : — The Association.

American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Proceedings, vol. 3, sheets 32-52, and vol. 4, nos. 1-11. Boston and Cambridge, 1857-58, 8vo. The Academy. Society of Natural History.

Journal, vol. 6, no. 4. Boston, 1857, 8vo. . Proceedings, vol. 6, sheets 11-22. lb. 1857-58, 8vo.

The Society. Breslau : — Imperial Academy " Naturae Curiosorum."

Nova Acta, vol. 26. Yratislaviae et Bonnae, 1857-58, 4to. Yerzeichniss der Mitglieder der Akademie. lb. 1858, 8vo.

The Academy. Calcutta : — Asiatic Society. Journal, vol. 1 (wanting nos. 4, 5, & 9), vol. 2 (wanting nos. 16 & 17), and vols. 3-8. Cal- cutta, 1832-39, 8vo.

W. W; Saunders, Esq., F.E.S., Y.P.L.S.

_- . . Yols. 9-13 ; vols. 24-26, and vol. 27, nos. 1-4.

lb. 1840-58, 8vo. The Society.

Cambridge : — Philosophical Society. Transactions, vol. 10,

part 1. Cambridge, 1858, 4to. The Society.

Canada : — Geological Survey. Eeport on its progress, for 1857.

Toronto, 1858, 8vo. Sir W. E. Logan ?

Cherbourg: — Societe Imp. des Sciences Naturelles. Memoires,

tome 5. Paris, 1858, 8vo. The Society.

Copenhagen : — Kongl. Danske Yidenskabernes Selskab. Over-

sigt i aar. 1857. Kjobenhavn, 8vo. The Society.

Cornwall : — E.. Cornwall Polytechnic Society. Annual Eeport

(25th). Falmouth, 1857, 8vo. The Society.

Dublin :—

Geological Society. Journal, vol. 8. pt. 1. Dublin, 1858, 8vo.

The Society.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. liii

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies {continited). Dublin (continued) : —

Royal Dublin Society. Journal, nos. 9-13. Dublin, 1858- 59, 8vo. The Society.

University Zoological and Botanical Association. Proceed- ings, vol. 1, pt. 1. Dublin, 1858, 8vo. The Association. Edinburgh : — Botanical Society.

Transactions, vol. 1, part 3 ; vols. 2, 3, 4, & 5 ; and vol. 6,

part 1. Edinburgh, 1844-58, 8vo. Annual Eeports, 6, 7, & 8. lb. 1844, 8vo. Proceedings for the years 1855 & 56. lb. 8vo.

The Society.

Eoyal Society. Proceedings, no. 48. Edinburgh, 1857-58,

8vo. The Society.

Erankfurt-a.-M. : — Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gresell-

schaft. Band 2, Heft 2. Erankfurt-a.-M., 1858, 4to.

The Society.

Geneva: — Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle. Me-

moires, tome 14, partie 2. Greneve, 1858, 4to. The Society.

Giessen: — Oberhessische Gresellschaft fiir Natur- und Heil-

kunde. Bericht 7. Giessen, 1859, 8vo. The Society.

Gottingen : — Konigl. Gesellschaft der "Wissenschaften. Nach-

richten von 1857 und 1858. Gottingen, 8vo.

The Society. Lausanne : — Societe Yaudoise des Sciences Naturelles.

Bulletin, tome 3, no. 26 ; tome 5, no. 42, and tome 6, no. 43.

Lausanne, 1858, 8vo. Catalogue de sa Bibliotheque. lb. 1858, 8vo.

The Society.

Leeds: — Philosophical and Literary Society. Eeport (38th).

Leeds, 1858, 8vo. The Society.

Ley den : — Nederlandsche Entomologishe Yereeniging. Tijd-

schrift voor Entomologie ; onder Eedactie van Prof. J. van

der Hoeven, &c., deel 1, and deel 2, ail. 1 & 2. 'Sgraven-

hage en Leiden, 1857-58, 8vo. The Society.

Liverpool : — Literary and Philosophical Society, Proceedings,

no. 12. Liverpool, 1858, 8vo. The Society.

London : —

Admiralty. Eeport on the Teneriffe Astronomical Experi- ment of 1856. By Prof. C. P. Smyth. London, 1838, 4to. The Lords Commissioners or the Admiralty.

liv ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEART.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies (continued). London {continued) : — Art-Union.

Eeport of the Council for 1858 : with a List of the Members.

London, 1858, 8vo.

Ahnanack for 1859. lb. 12mo. The Abt-Union.

British Association. Eeport of the 27th Meeting. London,

1858, 8vo. The Association.

British Pomological Society. Transactions, nos. 1-3. London,

1855-57, 8vo. The Society.

Entomological Society. Transactions. New Series, vol. 4,

parts 5-9, and vol. 5, part 1. London, 1857-59, 8vo.

The Society. Geological Society. Quarterly Journal, vol. 14, parts 3 & 4, and vol. 15, parts 1, 2. London, 1858-59, 8vo.

The Society. Medical and Chirurgical Society.

Transactions, vol. 41. London, 1858, 8vo. Proceedings, vol, 2, no. 2, and vol. 3, no. 1. Ih. 1858-59, 8vo.

The Society. Microscopical Society : — v. Journals. Pharmaceutical Society : — v. Jov/rnals. Eoyal Society.

Philosophical Transactions, vol. 147, part 3, and vol. 148,

parts 1 «fe 2. London, 1858-59, 4to. Proceedings, nos. 32-34. Ih. 1858-59, 8vo. List of the Members, Nov. 30, 1858. Ih. 4to.

The Society.

Eoyal Agricultural Society. Journal, vol. 19. London, 1858,

8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Geographical Society. Proceedings, vol. 2, nos. 3-6,

and vol. 3, nos. 1-3. London, 1858-59, 8vo.

The Society. Eoyal Institution.

Lectures on Education, delivered at the E. I. London,

1855, 8vo. List of the Members, &c. ; with the Eeport of the Visitors

for 1857. Ih 1858, 8vo. Notices of the Meetings, part 8. Ih. 1858, 8vo.

The Institution.

Society of Arts. Journal, nos. 293-344. London, 1858-59,

Svo. The Society.

additions to the libkary. iv

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies (continued). London (continued) : —

University of London. E-eport of a Committee appointed to consider the propriety of establishing a Degree or Degrees in Science. London, 1858, 8vo. The University.

Zoological Society.

Transactions, vol. 4, pt. 5. London, 1858, 4to. Proceedings, nos. 350-62. lb. 1858, 8vo.

Illustrations to ditto for 1857. lb, 8vo.

New Series, parts 1-3. lb. 1858, 8vo.

List of the Members, for 1858. lb. 8vo. The Society. Lyons : —

Academic des Sciences, &c. Memoires, Nouv. Serie. Classe

des Sciences, tomes 6 & 7. Lyon, 1856-57, 8vo ; and Classe

des Lettres, tomes 5 & 6. lb. 1856-58, 8vo. The Academt.

Societe d' Agriculture, &c. Annales des Sciences Physiques

et Naturelles. 2^ serie, tome 8, and 3® ser., tome 1. Lyon,

1856-57, 8vo. The Society.

Societe Linneenne. Annales, Nouv. Serie, tomes 3 & 4. Lyon,

1856-57, 8vo. The Society.

Madras : — Literary Society. Madras Journal of Literature and

Science. New Series, vols. 1-3. Madras, 1856-58, 8vo.

The Society, through Dr. Cleghorn, F.L.S.

Malvern : — Naturalists' Eield Club. Transactions, part 2.

Malvern, 1858, 8vo. The Club.

Manchester : — Literary and Philosophical Society.

Memoirs. Second Series, vol. 15, part 1. London, 1858, 8vo. Proceedings, nos. 1-14. lb. 1857-58, 8vo. The Society. Missouri : — University. Geological Survey.

Annual Keports, 1 and 2, by G-. C. Swallow, State Geolo- gist. Jefferson City, 1855, 8vo. The University. Moscow : — Societe Imp. des Naturalistes. Bulletin, t. 30, nos. 2-4, and t. 31, no. 1. Moscou, 1857-8, 8vo. The Society. Munich : — Konigl. Bayerische Akademie der "Wissenschaften. Abhandlungen, Band 8, Abth. 2. Miinchen, 1858, 4to. Gelehrte Anzeigen, Band 45-47. lb. 1857-58, 4to. Festrede iiber Johannes Miiller, von Dr. T. L. W. Bis- choff. lb. 1858, 4to. The Academy. Netherlands, Entomological Society of: v. Ley den. Newcastle-upon-Tyne : — Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, vol. 3, part 4, and vol. 5, part 1. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1858, 8vo. The Club.

Ivi ADDITIONS TO THE LIBKAKT.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued).

Ohio :— Board of Agriculture, Aiinual Beport (llth). Columbus,

1857, 8vo. The Board of Eegei^ts. Oxford and Cambridge: — Entomological Societies. Accen- tuated List of tbe British Lepidoptera. London, 1858, 8vo. The Publisher ?

Paris : — Societe Botanique. Bulletin, tome 5, nos. 2-9. Paris,

1858, 8vo. The Society. Petersburg : — Acad^mie Imp. des Sciences. Comptes rendus,

1856-57. St. Petersbourg, 1857-58, 8vo.

The Academy. Pfalz : — PoUichia ; Naturhistorisclier Verein. Jahresbericht 15. Landau in der Pfalz, 1857. The Association.

Philadelphia : — Academy of Natural Sciences.

Journal. New Series, vol. 4, part 1. Philadelphia, 185$,

fol. Proceedings for 1858 ; sheets 7-20. Xb. 8vo.

The Academy.

American Philosophical Society. Proceedings, vol. 6, nos.

57 & 58. Philadelphia, 8vo. The Society.

St. Louis, Missouri : — Academy of Science. Transactions, vol. 1,

no. 2. St. Louis, 1858, 8vo. The Academy.

Stettin : Entomologischer Verein.

Entomologische Zeitung, Jahrg. 19. Stettin, 1858, 8vo. Linnsea Entomologica. Band 13. Leipzig, 1859, 8vo.

The Association. Stockholm : — Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademien.

Handlingar. Ny Foljd, Band 1, Haftet 2. Stockholm,

1858, 4to. Ofversigt, Arg. 14. Ih. 1858, 8vo.

Kongl. Svenska Pregatten ' Eugenics ' Eesa omkring

Jorden, under Befal af C. A. Virgin, 1851-53.— Hiift

1-5. Stockholm, 1857-58, 4to. The Academy.

Strasburg: — Societe d'Histoire Naturelle. Memoires, tomes

2-4. Paris, 1835-53, 4to. The Society.

Turin : E. Accademia delle Scienze. Memorie, Serie 2, tomo

17. Torino, 1858, 4to. The Academy.

Victoria : —

Pharmaceutical Society. Quarterly Journal, vol. 1, nos. 2-4. Melbourne, 1858, 8vo. De. P. Mullee, F.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBBARY. Ivii

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies {continued). Victoria (continued) : —

Philosophical Society. Transactions, vol. 1. Ih. 1855, 8vo. Philosophical Institute. Transactions, vol. 1, & vol. 2, parts 1 & 2. IK 1857-58, 8vo. Db. F. Mulleb, F.L.S.

Victorian Institute for the Advancement of Science. Trans- actions, &c. for 1854-55. 11. 1855, 8vo.

Db. F. MiJLLEB, E.L.S. Vienna : —

Kaiserl. Akademie der "Wissenschaften.

Denkschriften, Mathem.-naturw. Classe, Band 14. "Wien,

1858, 4to. Sitzungsberichte. Mathem.-Nat. Classe, Band 24, Heft 3 ; Band 25, 26, 27, Heft 1 ; Band 28 & 29, and 30, Heft 1. Ih. 1857-8, 8vo. Almanach. Jahrg. 8. Ih. 1858, 8vo. Pestrede, von Dr. T. G-. von Karajan, Oct. 29, 1857. Ih. 8vo. The Academy.

K. K. Centralanstalt fur Meteorologie und Erd-Magnetis- mus ; von Karl Kreil. Band 5. Wien, 1858, 4to.

The Acad, op Sciences, Vienna. K^. K. Geologische Eeichsanstalt. Jahrbiicher, Jahrgang 8, nos. 2-4, and Jahrg. 9, nos. 1-4. "Wien, 1857-58, 8vo.

The Institute. Wiener Museum der Naturgeschichte. Annalen, Band 1 & 2. Wien, 1835-40, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Washington : — Smithsonian Institution.

Baird (S. F.) Catalogue of the N. American Mammals in

the Museum of the S. I. Washington, 1857, 4to. Osten Socken (E.) Catalogue of the Diptera of JN". Ame- rica. Washington, 1858, 8vo. Henry (Jos.) Meteorology in connexion with Agriculture. Washington, 1858, 8vo.

The Institution. Wiirzburg : — Physikalisch-medicinische G-esellschaft. Verhand- lungen, Band 9, Heft 1-3. Wiirzburg, 1858-59, 8vo.

The Society.

Ziirich : — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Vierteljahrsschrift :

redigirt von Dr. E. Wolf. Jahrg. 2, & J. 3, Heft 1 & 2.

Ziirich, 1857-58, 8vo. The Society.

Iviii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donors.

Encyclopedie Methodique. Histoire Naturelle des Zoo- phytes, par Lamouroux. Paris, 1824, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Histoire Naturelle des Vers ; par Bruguiere,

Lamarck, &c., tomes 2 & 3. Ih. 1830-32, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique, &c. Vers, Co- quilles, &c. ; par Bruguiere, tomes, 1-3. Ih. 1827, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Memorial on Decimal Weights, presented to the Et. Hon. B. Disraeli, M.P., March 19, 1859. London, 1859, 8vo.

J. Yates, Esq., F.R. & L.S.

Adams (C. B.) Contributions to Conchology, vol. 1. New York,

1849-52, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

. Catalogue of Shells from Panama. Ih. 1852, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Adams (H. & A.) Genera of Eecent MoUusca, vols. 1-3. London,

1858, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Agardh (C. A.) Larobok i Botanik. Afdel. 1. Malmo, 1829-30,

8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Icones Algarum ineditse. Ed. nova. Lundae, 1846, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Agardh (J. G-.) Eecensio specierum generis Pteridis. Lundae,

1839, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Algae Maris Mediterranei et Adriatici. Parisiis, 1842, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. In systemate Algarum hodierna adversaria. Lundae, 1845,

Svo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

" De Cellula Yegetabili, fibrillis tenuissimis contexta. Lundae,

1852, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Albers (J. C.) Die Heliceen, &c. Berlin, 1850, 8vo.

Malacographia Maderensis. Ih. 1854, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Allemao (F. F.) Plantas novas do Brasil. Bio de Janeiro,

1844-49, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

AUman (G-. J.) Monograph of the freshwater Polyzoa, British

and Foreign. London, 1856, fol. E. Kippist, Libr. L.S.

Ambrosi (F.) Flora del Tirolo Meridionale, vol. 2, punt 2, 8vo.

The Author.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. lix

Titles. Donors.

Amici (Gr. B.) Descrizione di alcune specie di Chara. 4to. Mo-

dena, 1827. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Andersson (N. J.) Salices Boreali-AmericansB. Cambridge, Mass.,

1858, 8vo. Dr. Asa Gray, F.M.L.S.

Anton (H. E.) Verzeichniss der Concliylien in seiner Sammlung.

Halle, 1839, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Bache ( ) Eeport of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey for

1856. Washington, 1856, 4to. Prof. Bache.

Bailey (J. W.) American Bacillaria, pts. 1-3. (Amer. Joum. of

Sc. and Arts, vols. 41-43). 1841-42, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq. Baird (W.) Natural History of British Entomostraca. London,

1850, 8vo. E. Kippist, Libr. L.S. Barclay (J.) Inquiry into the Opinions, ancient and modern, con- cerning Life and Organization. Edinburgh, 1822, 8vo.

T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S. Barneoud (F. M.) Monographie des Cruciferes du Chili. (Extr. du ' Flora Chilena' de C. Gay.) Paris, 1845, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. — Monographie generale des Plantaginees. Ih. 1845, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Barry (M.) On the Nucleus of the Animal and Vegetable

" CeU." Edinburgh, 1847, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

* Ueber die schraubenformige BeschafFenheit der Elementar-

fasern der Muskeln, &c. ; uebersetzt von Prof. Purkinje. Berlin,

1851, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq. Sec. L.S. Bartling (F. T.) and Wendland (H, L.), Diosmese descriptse et

illustratse. Gottingae, 1824, 8vo. J. »T. Bennett, Esq.

Basiner (T. F. J.) Enumeratio Monographica Specierum generis

Hedysari. Petropoli, 1846, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Beck (H.) Index MoUuscorum prsesentis sevi Mussei..,Christiani

Frederici. Hafniae, 1837, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Bischoff (G. W.) Bemerkungen liber die Lebermoose : vorziiglich

...Marchantieen und Eiccieen. (Ex. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.,

vol. 17.) 1835, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Blainville (H. M. D. de) Manuel de Malacologie et de Conchy-

liologie. Paris, 1825, 8vo.

Planches. Ih. 1827, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Cours de Physiologic, generale et comparee, tomes 1-3.

Ih. 1829, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Blake (W. P.) Observations on the Physical Geography, &c., of

the Coast of California. 1855, 4to. Prof. Bache.

Ix ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRAiiy.

Titles. Dokoes.

Blasius (G.) Miscellanea Anatomica. Amstelodami, 1673, 8vo.

T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Zootomiae, seu Anatomes variorum Animalium, pars 1. Ih.

1676, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres., L.S.

Blumenbach (J. F.) Elements of Physiology ; translated by John Elliotson, M.D. 4th edition. London, 1828, 8vo.

T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S. Boissier (E.) et Eeuter (Gr.) Diagnoses Plantarum novarum His- panicarum. Grenevse, 1842, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq. Sec. L.S.

Bongard (G-. H.) and Meyer (C. A.), Yerzeichniss der im J. 1838

am Saisang-Nor und am Irtysch gesammelten Pflanzen. St.

Petersburg, 1841, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Bouchard- Chantereaux ( ) Catalogue des Mollusques Marins...

sur les cotes du Boulonnais. 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Bourguignat (J. E.) Catalogue raisonne des Mollusques receuillis

par M. E. de Saulcy. Paris, 1853, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Amenites Malacologiques, tome 1. Ih. 1856, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Bowdich (T.) Elements of Cpnchology, part 2. Paris, 1822, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Boys (Gul.) Testacea minuta rariora. London, 1784, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Braun"(A.) Betrachtungen liber die Erscheinung der Yerjungung in der Natur. Leipzig, 1851, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Braun (A.), Klotzsch, &c. Species novse et minus cognitse Horti

E. Bot. Berolinensis. 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

. Appendix specierum novarum, &c., quae in horto E.

Bot. Berolinensi coluntur. 1853, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Breidenstein (W.) Mikroskopische Pflanzenbilder. Darmstadt,

1856, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Brongniart (A.) Memoire sur la famille des Bruniacees. Paris,

1826, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Cambessedes (J.) Monographic du genre Spiraea. Paris, 1824,

8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Enumeratio Plantarum quas in Insulis Balearibus coUegit.

Ih. 1827, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Memoire sur les Ternstroemiacees et Guttiferes. Ih. 1828,

4to. J, J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

ADDITIOTfS TO THE LIBEABT. Ixi

Titles. Donors.

Cambessedes (J.) Description d'un genre nouveau de la fam. des G-eraniacees. (Mem. du Mus., tome 18.) 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Note sur deux genres nouveaux...des Sapindacees. (N. Ann.

Mus. d'Hist. Nat., t. 3.) 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Carpenter (P. P.) Catalogue of the Eeigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca in the British Museum. "Warrington, 1855-57, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Carpenter (W. B.) Vegetable Physiology and Systematic Botany; edited by E. Lankester, M.D., E.E.S., F.L.S. London, 1858, 8vo. The Editor.

Cams (C. Gr.) Traite elementaire d'anatomie comparee, traduit de I'allemand, par A. J. L. Jourdan. Tomes 1-3. Paris, 1835, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Casaretto (J.) Novarum stirpium Brasiliensium decades. Genuse, 1842, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Caspary (J. X. E.) Diss, inaug. de Nectariis. ElverfeldsB, 1848, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Cassini (H.) Opuscules Phytologiques. 3 tomes. Paris, 1826-34, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Cesati (V.) Saggio su la Geografia Botanica e su la Flora della Lombardia. Milano, 1844, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Chavannes (E.) Monographic des Antirrhinees. Paris, 1833, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Chenu (J. .C) Bibliotheque Conchyliologique, tomes 1--4. (Dono- van, Martin, Leach, Conrad, Say, Montague, &c.) Paris, 1845^6, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

(Transactions de la Societe Linneenne de Londres).

Ih. 1845, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Lemons elementaires sur I'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux.

ConcJiyliologie. Ih. 1847, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Chevalier (C.) Des Microscopes at de leur usage. Paris, 1839, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Chitty ( ) Contributions to Conchology. 1853, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Choisy (J. D.) Convolvulacese Orientales et qusedam Australasicae.

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

De Convolvulaceis dissertatio 3 {Cuscutd). 1841, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L S.

Note sur les Convolvulacees du Bresil. Geneve, 1844, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ixii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBJBART.

Titles. Donors.

Choisy (J. D.) Considerations sur la famille des Nyctaginees.

1848, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Description des Guttiferes de I'lnde et d'Amerique. 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Memoire sur les families des Ternstrcemiacees et Camel-

liacees. Greneve, 1855, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Cobbold (T. S.) Article " Euminantia," from the Cyclopaedia of

Anatomy and Physiology. 8vo. The Authob.

CoUingwood (C.) Inaugural Address on the scope and tendency

of Botanical Study. London, 1858, 8vo. The Authoe.

Conrad (T. A.) American Marine Conchology. Philadelphia,

1831, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

New Freshwater Shells of the United States. Ih. 1834, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Monograph of the Family of Unionidse of N. America. Ih.

1836, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Cosson (E.) and G-ermain (E.) Observations sur quelques plantes , critiques des environs de Paris. Paris, 1840, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Costa (O. Gr.) Eisultamenti del viaggio per le Coste deU' Adri- atico e del lonio, &c. Napoli, 1843, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Crawfurd (J.) China and its Trade. Leeds, 1858, 8vo.

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society. Curtis (J.) Farm Insects, part 1. Glasgow, 1857, 8vo.

The Author.

Dana (J. D.) Review of Marcou's ' G-eology of North America.'

1858, 8vo. The Author.

Daudin (F. M.) Histoire Naturelle...des E;eptiles, tomes 1-8.

Paris, an X.-XL, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Davy (Sir H.) Six Discourses, delivered before the Roj^al Society,

at their Anniversary Meetings, in 1820-26. London, 1827, 4to.

The Koyal Society. Decaisne (J.) Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la Garance. Bruxelles, 1837, 4to

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Memoire sur la famille des Lardizabalees. (Archives du

Mus., tome 1.) Paris, 1839, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Plantes de I'Arabie Heureuse. {Ih. tome 2.) Ih. 1839, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRART. Ixiii

Titles. Donors.

Decaisne (J.) Memoire sur le developpement du Pollen, de r Ovule, &c., du Gui {Viscum alhum). Bruxelles, 1840, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

DeCandolle (A. P.) Memoire sur quelques genres nouveaux de la

faraille des Buttneriacees. (Mem. du Mus., tome 10.) 1823,

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Memoires sur la famille des Legumineuses. (Liv. 1-8.) Paris,

1825-6, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eevue de la famille des Lythraires. Greneve, 1826, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Eevue de la famille des Portulacees. (M§m. Soc. Hist. Nat.

Paris, tome 4.) 1827, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Organographie Yegetale. 2 tomes. Paris, 1827, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eevue de la famille des Cactees. II. 1829, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

; Memore sur la famille des Loranthacees. Ih. 1830, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Physiologic Yegetale. Tome 1. Ih. 1832, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Memoire sur la famille des Yalerianees. Ih. 1832, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Memoire su la famille des Myrtacees. Geneve, 1842, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

DeCandolle (A. P. & Alph.) Monstruosites Yegetales. 1" fasc.

Neuchatel, 1841, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

DeCandolle (A. P.) & Sprengel (K.) Grundziige der Wissen-

schaftlichen Pflanzenkunde. Leipzig, 1820, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

DeCandolle (Alph.) Monographic des Campanulees. Paris, 1830,

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Introduction a I'etude de la Botanique. 2 tomes. Paris,

1835. 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

De Haan (J.) MonographisB Ammoniteorum et Goniatiteorum

specimen. Lugd. Batav., 1825. 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

De Kay (J. E.) Zoology of New York, part 5. Mollusca. Albany,

1843, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Desfontaines (E.) Choix de Plantes du Corollaire des Instituts

de Tournefort. Paris, 1808, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Catalogus Plantarum Horti Eeg. Parisiensis. Ed. 3. Ih.

1829, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ixiv ADDITIONS TO THE LTBRAET.

Titles. Donors.

Deshayes (G. P.) Anatomie, &c., du genre Dentale. 1825, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Draparnaud (J. P. B.) L'Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques, ter- restres et fluviatiles, de la France. Paris (An. XIII.), 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Complement, par A. L. G. Michaud. Verdun, 1831.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Duclos (P. L.) Histoire Naturelle ... de tous les genres de Co- quilles Univalves Marines. — Monographies des genres Olive et Colomhelle, Paris, 1835. fol. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Dunal (E.) Eloge historique de A. P. de Candolle. Montpellier, 1842, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Petit Bouquet Mediterran6en. Ih. 1847, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Introduction au travail de M. E. Eabre, sur la Metamorphose

de 2 ^gilops en Triticum. Ih. 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

: Description de Pinus Salzmanni. Ih. 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Dureau de la Malle ( ) Climatologie de 1' Italic et de TAnda- lousie. Paris, 1849, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Dyson (D.) Land- and Freshwater Shells ... around Manchester. Manchester, 1850, 12mo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Ebel (G-.) Diss. Bot. de Armerise genere. Begiom. Prussor., 1840, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Edgeworth (M. P.) Catalogue of Plants found in the Banda Dis- trict, 1847-49. (Mooltan, 1851.) 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ehrenberg (C. Gr.) Ueber das Pollen der Asclepiadeen. Berlin, 1831, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Elkan (L.) Tentamen Monographiae generis Papaver. Regio- monti Boruss., 1839, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eudlicher (S.) Atakta Botanica : nova genera et species Planta- rum, descripta et illustrata ; fasc. 1-4. Fol. VindobonsD, 1833- 34. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Stirpium Australasicarum Herbarii Hiigeliani decades 3.

Ih. 1838, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

V. Schott.

Eudlicher (St.) and Fenzl. (Ed.) Sertum Cabulicum, fasc. 1. Vin- dobouae, 1836, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEARY. Ixv

Titles. Donoes.

Fabre (E.) et Duual (F.) Observations sur les Maladies regnantea de la Vigne. Montpellier, 1853, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Fabricius (J. C.) Species Insectorum. Tomi 2. Hamburgi, &c.,

1781, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Fee (A. L. A.) Flore de Theocrite et des auteurs bucoliques Grecs.

Paris, 1832, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L. S.

Memoire sur le groupe des Phylleriees ; et notamment sur le

genre Erineum. lb. 1834, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Memoire sur I'Ergot du Seigle, &c. 1®"" Memoire. Stras- bourg, 1843, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Porliera hygrometrica, E. & P. 1858, 8vo. The Author.

Fenzl (E.) Versuch einer Darstellung der Greographiscben Yer- breitungs- und Yertbeilungs-Verhaltnisse der ... Alsineen in der Polar region, &c. Wien, 1833, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L. S.

Monograpbie der MoUugineen. 2*^^ Artikel. 1839, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Die Grattung Tetradiclis, Steven. (Linnsea, Bd. 15.) 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S,

Pemptas stirpium no varum Capensium. Halis ad Salam,

1843, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

— Plantarum generum et specierum novarum, decas 1. (Flora,

1843.) 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ueber die Stellung der Gattung Oxera im natiirlichen Sy-

steme. 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Darstellung und Erlauterung 4...Pflanzen-Gattungen (Car-

podetus, Anisadenia, Cevallia, Bhigozum), &c. 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Nova qu8Bdam genera et species Plantarum Yascularium.

Wien, 1849, fol. J. J, Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ferguson (W.) Description of tbe Palmyra Palm of Ceylon. Co- lombo, 1850, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ferussac (J. B. L. de) Histoire Naturelle des MoUusques terres- tres et fluviatiles. 2 tomes et atlas. Paris, 1819-51, fol.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.8.

Filippi (F. de) Lettera sopra I'anatomia e lo sviluppo delle Clep- sine. Pavia, 1839, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Memoria sullo sviluppo del Gbiozzo d'Acqua Dolce (Gobius

fluviatilis). Milano, 1841, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S,

LTNN. PEOC. e

kvi ADDITIONS TO TUE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donobs.

Fitch (A.) Eeports 1 & 2 on the noxious, &c., Insects of the State

of New York. Albany, 1856, 8vo. The Atjthoe.

Elourens ( ) Eloge historique de Pyramus de Candolle. Paris,

1842, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Forbes (E.) and Hanley (S.) History of British Mollusca. 4 vols.

London, 1853, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Fresenius (Gr.) Beitrage zur Flora von Abyssinien. 4to.

J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Freycinet (L. de.) Voyage autour du Monde, de rUranie et la Physicienne, in 181 7-20. Partie historique, tome 1 ; & tome 2, ptie. 1. Paris, 1825-9, 4to.

Atlas historique. Ih. 1825- , fol.

Zoologie, par Quoy & Graimard. Atlas, fol.

Botanique, par Charles G-audichaud. Texte. Paris, 1826, 4to.

Atlas. lb. 1826, fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Fritzsche (J.) Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Pollens. Heft 1. Berlin, &c., 1832, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Diss, inaug. de Plantarum PoUine. Ih. 1833, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ueber den Pollen der Pflanzen und das PoUenin (Poggend.

Annal., Bd. 32). 1834, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Fuchs (J. N. V.) Gesammelte Schriften : redigirt . . . von Dr. C. G-. Kaiser. Miinchen, 1856, 4to.

De. von Maetius, F.M.L.S.

Grardner (Gi-.) Eeport on the E. Botanic Garden at Peradenia,

Kandy. Colombo, 1845, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Gasparrini (G.) Nova genera qusB super nonnullis Fici speciebus

struebat. Neapoli, 1844, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Nuove Eicerche sulla struttura dei Cistomi. Ih. 1844, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eicerche sulla natura del Caprifico, e del Fico. Ih. 1845,

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Gaudichaud (C.) Voyage de la Bonite. Botanique, fasc. 1.

Paris, fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

V. Freycinet.

Gay ( ) Monographic des genres Xeranthemum et Chardinia. Paris, 1827, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Gerard ( ) De la Zoog^nie et de la distribution des etres orga- nises a la surface du globe. Paris, 1845, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. Ixvii

Titles. Donors.

Gibson (A.) Ed. Tours for scientific, &c., research, made in Gru-

zerat, &c., in 1787-88, by Dr. Hove. Bombay, 1855, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Godron (D. A.) Elorula Juvenalis. 2^" edition. Nancy, 1854, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Quelques Notes sur la Flore de Montpellier. Besangon,

1854, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Goethe (J. "W. de) Essai sur la Metamorphose des Plantes :

traduit de I'Allemand par M. F. de Gingens-Lassaraz. 8vo.

Geneve, 1829. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Goodsir (J. & H. D. S.) Anatomical and Pathological Observations.

Edinburgh, 1845, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Gould (A. A.) United States Exploring Expedition in 1838-42,

under the command of Capt. H. Wilkes, U.S.N. — MoUuscaand

Shells. Boston, 1852, 4to.

Atlas. Ih. fol. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Gould (J.) Introduction to the Birds of Australia. London, 1848,

8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Grateloup ( ) Memoire sur plusieurs especes de Coquilles, &c.

Bordeaux, 1840, 8vo. H. Ctjmino, Esq., F.L.S.

Gray (A.) Monograph of the N. American species of Ehyncho-

spora. (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, vol. 3.) 1834, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Notes on some Eubiacese collected in the U.S. Exploring

Expedition under Capt. Wilkes. 8vo. The Author. Genera Florae Americas Boreali-orientalis,illustrata, voU. 1.&2.

Boston & New York, 1848-49, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq.,Sec.L.S. V. Torrey.

Gray (G. E.) Ed. Notices of Insects that are known to form the bases of Fungoid Parasites. London, 1858, 4to. The Editor.

Gray (J. E.) Fauna of New Zealand. 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Gris (A.) Eecherches microscopiques sur la Chlorophylle, &c. Paris, 1857, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Grisebach (A.) Systematische Untersuchungen liber die Vegeta- tion der Karaiben ; insbesondere der Insel Guadeloupe. Got- tingen, 1857, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Guerin-Meneville (F. E.) Magasin de Zoologie. Mollusques et Zoophytes. Paris, 1831-49, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Kevue Zoologique, 1838-48. Ih. 8vo.

2* serie, tomes 1-10. lb. 1849-58, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

6^2

Ixviii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRABY.

Titles. Donors.

Gruibourt ( ) Memoire sur les sues astringents connus sous les noms de Cachou, G-ambie, et Kino. Paris, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Gruillard(A.)Theoriederinflorescence. 1857, 8vo. The Author.

Gussone (G-.) Notizie sulle Isole Linosa, Lampione, e Lampedusa.

1832, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Haldeman (S. S.) Monograph of the Freshwater Univalve Mol-

lusca of the United States. Philadelphia, 1842, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Haller (A.) Opuscula Botanica. Gottingae, 1749, 8vo.

G. W. Grieeith, Esq., M.D., E.L.S.

■ First Lines of Physiology. Edinburgh, 1801, 8vo.

T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S. Hallier (E.) De Oycadeis quibusdam fossilibus. Jense, 1858, 8vo.

D. Hanbury, Esq., E.L.S.

Hanley (S.) Catalogue of recent Bivalve Shells. London, 1842-

56, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

' Conchological Miscellany. lb. 1854-8, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Harris (T, "W".) Treatise on some of the Insects of New England

which are injurious to Vegetation. 2nd edition. Boston, 1852,

8vo. Sir Charles Lyell, E.R. & L.S.

Harting (P.) sur la nature et les causes de la Maladie des Pommes

de Terre en 1845. Amsterdam, 1846, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Hartman (C.) Annotationes de plantis Scandinavicis Herbarii Linnaeani in Mus. Soc. Lin. Lond. asservati. 1849-51. 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Henderson (E. G-.) Illustrated Bouquet, parts 1-5. London,

1857-58, fol. Messrs. Henderson and Son.

Henfrey (A.) On the transformation of ^Egilops into Wheat.

London, 1858, 8vo. The Author.

On the structure of Eoots. lb. 1859, 8vo. The Author.

Herrmannsen (A. JS".) Indicis Generum Malacozoorum primordia,

voll. 2. Cassellis, 1846-49, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Herschell (Sir J. E. W.) On Sensorial Vision. Leeds, 1858, 8vo.

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.

Hinds (R. B.) Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. " Sulphur,"

vol. 2 : MoUusca. London, 1844, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

His (C.) Notice sur les Grangers. Paris, 1829, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAllY. Ixix

Titles. Donoks.

Hofmeister (W.) Zur Morphologie der Moose. (Bericht der K. Sachs. G-es, d. Wissensch., 1854.) 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ueber die Fortpflanzung der Desmideen und Diatomaceen.

{lb. 1857.) 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Neuere Beobachtungen iiber Embryobilduiig der Phanero-

gamen. 1856, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gefass-Kryptogamen, Ease. 2.

(Farrnkrauter, &c.) Leipzig, 1857, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq. Sec. L.S. Holmes (F. S.) Remains of Domestic Animals discovered among

Post-pliocene Fossils in S. Carolina. Charleston, S. C, 1858,

8vo. The Authok.

Eooker (W. J.) British Flora, vol. 1. Phaenogamous Plants and

Ferns. 5th edition. London, 1842, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Species Filicum, vol. 2, parts 3 & 4. Ih. 1858, 8vo.

The Publisheb, W. Pamplin, A. L.S. Beport on the Progress and Condition of the Boyal G-ardens

of Kew, from 1853 to 1859. Ih. 1859, 8vo.

Hee Majesty's Goveenment. Hooker (W. J.) and Aruott (G. A. W.) Botany of Captain

Beechey's Voyage in H.M.S. ' Blossom,' in 1825-28, parts 1-5.

London, 1830-36, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Hooker (W. J.) and Bauer (F.) Genera Filicum ; or. Illustrations

of the Ferns and other allied genera. London, 1838-42, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Horaninow (P.) Primae Lineae Systematis Naturae. Petropoli,

1834, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Horsfield (T.) and Moore (F.) Catalogue of the Birds in the

Museum of the Hon. East India Company, vol. 2. London,

1856-58, 8vo. The Hon. Couet oe Dieectoes.

Howard (J. E.) and Fitch ("W.) Illustrations of the Nueva Quino-

logia of Pavon, part 1. London, 1859, fol. The Authoe.

Hiigel (C. Freih. v.) Botanisches Archiv, nos. 1 & 2. "Wien, 1837,

8vo. ^ J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Humphreys ( ) Catalogue of Shells. 1823, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Hunter (Gul.) Anatomia Uteri Humani Gravidi; tabulis illus-

trata. Birmingham {Bashcrville), 1774, fol.

De. Alexandee Peioe, F.L.S.

ixx additions to the library.

Titles. Donors.

Hupe (H.) MoUusques receuillis pendant rexpedition dans les

parties centrales de T Amerique du Sud, sous . . . le C*** de Castel-

neau. Paris, 1857, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., T.L.S.

Irmisch (T.) Beitrage zur vergleichenden Morphologic der Pflan-

zen, Abth. 2 & 3. HaUe, 1856, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Irvine (A.) Illustrated Handbook of British Plants. London,

1858, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Irwin (E. C.) The State and Position of "Western Australia.

London, 1835, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Jacquin (Freih. von) Ueber den Grinkgo. "Wien, 1819, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Jay (J. C.) Catalogue of Shells, 2nd edition. New York, 1836,

8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

3rd edition. lb. 1839, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

4th edition. lb. 1850, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Jonas (J. H.) MoUuskologische Beitrage. 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Journals : —

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Parties Zoologique et Bota- nique, tome 7, no. 6; tomes 8 & 9; and tome 10, nos. 1-3. Paris, 1857-58, 8vo. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3rd series, nos. 7-18. London, 1858-59, 8vo.

The late E. Tatlob, Esq., E.E. & L.S., and

W. Erancis, Esq., Ph.D., E.L.S.

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte ; von A. E. A. Wiegmann, W. E.

Erichson, &c., Jahrgang 1-9, and 24, Heft 1-4. Berlin,

1835-58, 8vo. Purchased.

Jahrg. 10-23. lb. 1844-57, 8vo.

G-. Busk, Esq., Under Sec. L.S.

Atlantis : a Eegister of Literature and Science, nos. 2 & 3.

London, 1858-59, 8vo. The Editors.

Botanical Magazine ; edited by SirW. J. Hooker, K.H., E.E.S.

and L.S., 3rd series, no. 163-174. London, 1858-59, 8vo. Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art, New Series, nos. 19, 20, & 21. Toronto, 1859, 8vo.

The Canadian Institute ? Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, nos. 27-52 for 1858, and nos. 1-25 for 1859. The Horticultural part edited by Prof. Lindley. London, fol.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAKY. Ixxi

Titles. Donors.

Journals (continued) : —

Ibis : a Magazine of General Ornithology ; edited by P. L. Sclater, Esq., M.A. Nos. 1 & 2. London, 1859, 8vo.

The Editoe.

Journal de Conehyliologie, par M. Petit de la Saussaye, tomes

1-4. Paris, 1850-53, 8vo. H. Cumin o, Esq., E.L.S.

2e serie, par MM. Fisclier and Bernardi, tomes 1-2. Ih.

1856-57, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Linnaea ; herausgegeben von D. E. L. von Schleehtendal, Band 28, Heft 6 ; and 29, Heft 1-4. HaUe, 1856-57, 8vo.

The Editor.

Literary Gazette. New Series, nos. 1-52. London, 1858-59,

4to. The Publishers.

Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief : onder Eedactie von "W. H.

de Yriese, &c., deel 4, stuk 3. Ley den, 1858, 8vo.

The Editors ? Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions ; edited by Jacob Bell, Esq., E.L.S. Nos. 205-216, London, 1858-59, 8vo.

The Pharmaceutical Society. Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4th Series, nos. 105-116. London, 1858-59, 8vo.

The late E. Taylor, Esq., E.E. & L.S., and W. Erancis, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S. Phytologist. New Series, nos. 38-51. London, 1858-59, 8vo.

The Publisher. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; by E. Lankester, Esq., M.D., and G. Busk, Esq. Nos. 24-27. London, 1858-59, 8vo. The Microscopical Society.

"Walpers. Annales Botanices systematicse, auctore Dr. Carlo Miiller, torn. 4, and tom. 5, fasc. 1 & 2. Lipsise, 1857-59, 8vo. Wochenschrift fiir Gartnerei und Pflanzenkunde : herausge- geben von Dr. Karl Koch und G. A. Fintelmann. Jahrg. 1. Berlin, 1858, 4to. Bn. K. Koch.

Junghuhn (Fr.) Plantse Junghuhnianae ; enumeratio plantarum Ins. Javse et Sumatrse ; fasc. 1, 2, & 4. Lugd. Batav., 1851-55, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Cankrienia ; ein nieuw Geslacht . . . der Primulaceae. 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Jussieu (A. de) Memoires sur les Eutacees. Paris, 1825, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ixxii

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donors.

Jussieu (A. de) Cours elementaire de Botanique. 2 parties.

Paris, 1844, 12mo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Taxonomie : coup d'oeil sur Thistoire et les principes des

classifications Botaniques. Ih. 1848, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Ker (J. B.) Iridearum genera; cum ordinis charactere naturali,

specierum enumeratione, &c. Bruxellis, 1827, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., F.L.S. Kiener (L. C.) Species general et Iconographie des Coquilles

Yivantes. 10 vols. Paris, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Kirschleger (E.) Essai historique de la Teratologic Yegetale.

Strasbourg, 1845, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Klein (J. Th.) Tentamen methodi Ostracologicse. Lugd. Batav.

1753, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Klotzsch (J. E.) Pflanzen-Bastarde und Mischlinge. Berlin,

1854, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Begoniaceen-Grattungen und Arten. Ih. 1855, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Knorr (Gr. W.) Vergniigen der Augen und des Gemiiths ; in

Vorstellung einer Sammlung von Muscheln, &c. Theil 1-6

(in 2). Niirnberg, 1757-72, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Verlustiging der Oogen en van den G-eest. 2 deelen (in 1).

Amsterdam, 1770, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Koch (Gr. D. J.) Generum Tribuumque Plantarum TJmbellifera-

rum nova dispositio. (Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur., vol. 12.)

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Kolliker (A.) Die Lehre von der Thierischen Zelle. 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Krauss (E.) Beitrage zur Flora des Cap- und Natal-Landes. Ee-

gensburg, 1846, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Sudafrikanische MoUusken. Stuttgart, 1848, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Kreysig (E. L.) Ueber die Cultur der Zwiebel- und Pracht-Ge-

wachse der Amaryllideen. Berlin, 1836, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Krocker (Herm.) Diss, inaug. de Plantarum Epidermide Obser-

vationes. Yratislavise, 1883, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq. Sec. L.S. Kiichenmeister (E.) On Animal and Vegetable Parasites of the

Human Body : translated by E. Lankester, M.D., E.E. & L.S.

Yol. 2. London, 1857, 8vo. The Translator.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. Ixxiii

Titles. Donors.

Kunth (C. S.) Synopsis Plantarum quas in itinere ad plagam TEquinoctialem Orbis Novi collegerunt Al. de Humboldt & Am. Bonpland. Tomi 4. Parisiis, 1822-25, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Zwei Botaniscbe Abbandlungen. Ih. 1833, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Flora Berolinensis. Tomi 2. Berolini, 1838, 12mo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Kunth (K.) TJeber die Familie der Piperaceen. Halle, 1840,

8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Kiisten, (C. H.) Die Ohrschnecken {Auriculaced) . Niimberg,

1844, 4to. H. CuMiNO, Esq., E.L.S.

Kiitzing (F. T.) Species Algarum. Lipsiae, 1849, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

La Billardiere (J. J.) Sertum Austro-Caledonicum. Partes 2.

Parisiis, 1824-25, fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Lamarck (J. B.) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Yertebres,

tomes 1-7. Paris, 1815-22, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Ed. 2, par. MM. Deshayes et Milne Edwards. Tomes

6-11. Ih. 1835-45, 8vo. H. Cumino, Esq., F.L.S.

Laskey (J.) Account of N. British Testacea. 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Lauren ti (J. N.) Specimen medicum ; exhibens Synopsin Eepti- lium ; c. experimentis circa Yenense, &c. Yiennse, 1768, 8vo.

T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S. Lawson (G.) Papers read to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, 1858, 8vo. The Author ?

Lea (Is.) Observations on the genus Unio. Yols. 1-6. Phila- delphia (1834-57), 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Synopsis of the Family of Naiades. lb. 1852, 4to:

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Leidy (J.) Notices of remains of extinct Yertebrata, from the Yalley of the Niobrara Eiver. Philadelphia, 1858, 8vo.

The Acad, or Nat. Sc, Philadelphia. Lestiboudois (Th.) Phyllotaxie anatomique. Paris, 1848, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Leszcyc-Suminski {Graf.) Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Farrnkrauter. St. Petersburg, 1850, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Leuckart (F.S.) De Zoophy tis Coralliis, et speciatim degenere Fun-

gia. Friburgi Brisigav., 1841, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ixxiv ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donors.

Leveille (J. H.) Notice sur le genre Agaric. Paris, 1840, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Liudley (John) Collectanea Botanica. London, 1821, fol.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Outline of the Eirst Principles of Botany. 2nd edition.

London, 1831, 12mo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Genera and Species of Orchideous Plants. Parts 4-7. lb.

1835-40, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Folia Orchidacea. Parts8&9. J6. 1859, 8vo. The Author.

Lindley (J.) & Bauer (E.) G-enera and Species of Orchideous Plants. Parts 1-4. London, 1830-38, sm. fol.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Link (H. E.) Elementa PhilosophiaB Botanicse. Berolini, 1824,

Svo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ed. altera. Tomi 2. Ih. 1837, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Icones Anatomico-Botanicse ; fasc. 1-3. Ih. 1837-38, fol.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Icones selectse Anatomico-Botanicae ; fasc. 1-4. Ih. 1839-

42. fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Eilicum Species, in Horto E. Botanico Berolinensi cultsB.

Ih. 1841, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S,

— Bemerkungen iiber den Bau der Orchideen. Iste Abh.

(Abh. K. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1849.) 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S, Linnaeus (0.) Diary and Translations ; and M.S. Letters of Lin- naeus to Mennander ; with translations of many of them.

Miss Wray. Lister (M.) De Cochleis, tarn terrestribus quam fluviatilibus,

exoticis. Londini, 1685, sm. 4to. H. Cumino, Esq., F.L.S. Conchyliorum Bivalvium, &c., exercit. anat. 3. Ih. 1696,

4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Lowe (E. J.) Natural History of Eerns, British and Exotic.

Parts 71-94. London, 1858-59, 8vo. The Author.

Beautiful-leaved Plants, No. 1. Ih. 1859, 8vo. The Author.

Lowe (E. T.) Primitiae Eaunae et Florae Maderae, &c. Cambridge,

1831, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Lubbock (J.) On the Digestive and Nervous Systems of Coccus

Hesperidum. 1858, 8vo. The Author.

Lyell (Sir C.) On Lavas of Mt. Etna formed on steep Slopes, and

on Craters of Elevation. London, 1859, 4to. The Author.

additions to the libeaet. ixxv

Titles. Donors.

M^Gowan ( ) Notice sur T Usage des Perles en Chine ; et sur leur production, &c. 8vo. The Atjthok?

Mackay (J. T.) Flora Hibernica. Dublin, 1836, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Magendie (F.) Journal de Physiologic, experimentale et patholo-

gique. Tomes 3-6. Paris, 1823-26, 8vo. T.Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Marschall a Bieberstein (L. B.) Elora Taurico-Caucasica ; tomus

3. Charkovige, 1819, 8vo. The Author.

Martins (C.) Index Seminum Horti Monspeliensis, anno 1858.

4to. The Author.

Martins (C. P. P. von) Beschreibung einiger neuen Nopaleen.

(Acta Acad. Nat. Cur., vol. 16.) 1832, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Die Eriocaulese, als selbststandige Pflanzen-Pamilie aufge-

stellt und erlautert. {lb. vol. 17.) 1833, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Plora Brasiliensis, vol. 1, pars 1. Stuttg. & Tubingse, 1833,

8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der G-attung Erythroxylon. (Miin-

chen), 1840, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Mawe (J.) Linnean System of Conchology. London, 1823, 8vo.

H. CuMiNa, Esq., F.L.S. Meckel (J. F.) Traite general d'anatomie comparee. Tomes 1-6.

Paris, 1828-30, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Meisner (C. F.) Plantarum Vascularium genera. Lip sia), 1836-43,

fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Synopsis ThymelsDarum, Polygonearum, et Begoniarum

Africse Australis. (Linnaea, vol. 14.) 1840, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Meneghini (G.) Cenni suUa Organografia e Fisiologia delle Alghe.

Padova, 1838. 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Menke (C. Th.) Synopsis methodica Molluscorum. Pyrmonti,

1830, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Molluscorum Novae Hollandise Specimen. Hannoverse, 1843,

4to. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Menke (K. T.) & PfeiiFer (L.) Zeitschrift fiir Malako-Zoologie.

Jahrg. 1-9. Hannover & Cassel, 1845-53, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Mercklin (C. E. von) Beobachtungen an dem Prothallium der

Farrnkniuter. St. Petersburg, 1850, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ixxvi ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAKY.

Titles. Donors.

Merrem (B.) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Marburg,

1820, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Metteuius (G.) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Ebizocarpeen. Frank-

furt-a-M., 1846, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Meyer (C. A.) Bemerkungeu iiber die Gattungen der Daphna-

ceen ohne perigynische Schuppen. 1843, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Versuch einer Mono graphic der Gattung Ephedra. St.

Petersburg, 1846, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Beitrage zur Pflanzenkunde des Eussischen Eeiches. Lief.

1 & 5. Ih. 1844-48, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Einige Pflanzenmissbildungen. (Bull, phys.-math., 1851.)

8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Meyer (E. H. F.) De Houttuynia atque Saurureis. Eegiomonti,

1827, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Commentarii de Plantis Africse Australioris, vol. 1, fasc.

1 & 2. LipsiaB, 1835-7, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Miquel (P. A. G.) Commentarii Phytographici, fasc. 2. Obs. de

Piperaceis et Melastomaceis. Lugduni Batav., 1840, fol.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Systema Piperacearum. Eoterodami, 1843, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Analecta Botanica Indica. Pars 1 & 3. Amsterdam, 1850

-53, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Cycadesa qusedam Americanse. Ih. 1851, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Mirbel ( ) Eecherches anatomiques, &c., sur le Marchantia

polymorpha. (Mem. de I'lnstit., tome 13.) 1835, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Eecherches sur I'auatomie et la physiologic des... Labi ees.

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Mohl (H.) TJeber den Bau des Cycadeen-stammes. Miincheu,

1832, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Beitrage zur Anatomic und Physiologic der Gewachse.

Heft 1. Bern, 1834, 4to. J. J. Bennett; Esq., Sec. L.S.

Montagne (C.) Phycologie ; ou, Considerations generales sur 1' or- ganogenic, &c., des Algues. Paris, 1847, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Notice sur ses travaux scientifiques. 4to. De. Montagne.

Moquin-Tandon (A.) Essai sur les Dcdoublemens, &c., d'organcs

danslesYegetaux, Paris, 1826, 4to. J. J.BENNETT,Esq.,8ec.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEABT. Ixxvii

Titles. Do^fons.

Moquin-Tandon (A.) Chenopodearum Monograpliica Enumeratio.

Paris, 1840, 8vo. J. J. Bent^ett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Morch (C. A. L.) Catalogus Couchyliorum quae reliquit Dr.Kierulf.

Hafniae, 1850, 8vo. H. Cumij^g, Esq., E.L.S. Catalogus Conchyliorum quae reliquit D. Alf. d'Aguirre.

Ih. 1852, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Morelet (A.) Description des Mollusques du Portugal. Paris,

1845, 8vo. H. Cuming. Esq., E.L.S.

Testacea novissima Insulae Cubanae, &c. Ih. 1849, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Mousson (A.) Die Land- und Siisswasser-MoUusken von Java.

Ziirich, 1849, sm. 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Miiller (E.) Eirst Greneral Eeport on the Vegetation of Victoria.

Melbourne, 1853, fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Eragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Vol. 1, pp. 1-88. Ih.

1858. 8vo. The Author.

Annual Eeport of the Government Botanist and Director of

the Botanic Grarden, Melbourne. Ih. 1858, fol. The Authoe.

Eeport on the plants collected during Mr. Babbage's expedi- tion into the N.W. interior of S. Australia in 1858. Melbourne, 1858, fol. The Authoe.

Nageli (K.) Zur Entwickelungs-geschichte des PoUens bei den Phanerogamen. Ziirich, 1842, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Nees von Esenbeck (C. G-.) Handbuch der Botanik. 2 Bande. Niirnberg, 1820-21, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Agrostologia Brasiliensis. Stuttgartiae et Tubingae, 1829,

8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Grenera et Species Asterearum. Vratislaviae, 1832, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Naturgeschichte der Europaischen Lebermoose. Bd. 1, 3, & 4.

Ih. 1833-8, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Systema Laurinarum. Berolini, 1836, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. — — — Elorae Africae Australioris lUustrationes Monographicae. 1. Graminece. Glogaviae, 1841, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Nees ab Esenbeck (C. G.) & Martins (C. E. P.) Eraxinellae : Plan-

tarum Eamilia Naturalis. (Acta Acad. Nat. Cur., vol. 11.) 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ixxviii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. DoifORS.

Nolte (E. F.) Botanische Bemerkungen iiber Stratiotes und Sagittaria. Kopenhagen, 1825, 4<to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Norman (J . M.) Quelques observations de Morphologie Y egetale.

Christiania, 1857, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Nylander (W.) Synopsis methodica Lichenum omnium liucusque

cognitorum. Ease. 1. Parisiis, 1858, 8vo.

J. D. Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.E. & L.S.

Expositio synoptica Pyrenocarpeorum. Andecavis, 1858, 8vo.

J. D. Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.E. & L.S. Owen (E.) On the Archetype and Homologies of the Vertebrate Skeleton. London, 184!8,*8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Paoli (D.) Eicerche sul Moto Molecolare de' Solidi. Eirenze, 1840, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Parker (W. K.) & Jones (T. E.) On the Nomenclature of the Eoraminifera. 1859, 8vo. The Authors. Parlatore (E.) Elora Italiana, vol. 1, & vol. 2, pt. 2. 8vo. Eirenze, 1850-57. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Yiaggio alia Catena del Monte Bianco e al Gran San Ber- nardo, lb. 1850, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Memoire sur le Papyrus des Anciens, et sur le Papyrus de

Sicile. Paris, 1853, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Nuovi generi e nuove specie di Piante Monocotyledoni.

Eirenze, 1854, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Perry (G.) Conchology. London, 1811, fol.

H. CiTMiNO, Esq., E.L.S. Pfeiffer (C.) Naturgeschichte deutscher Land- und Siisswasser- MoUusken, Abth. 1-3. Weimar, 1821-8, 4to.

H. Cfmino, Esq., F.L.S.

Pfeiffer (L.) Kritisches Eegister in Martini und Chemnitz Konchy-

lien-Cabinet. Cassel, 1840, 8vo. H. Cumino, Esq., E.L.S.

Symbolse ad Historiam Heliceorum. lb. 1841, 8vo.

H. Cfming, Esq., E.L.S.

Die gedeckelten Lungenschnecken. (Helicinacea et Cyclo-

stomacea.) Niirnberg, 1846, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Monographia Heliceorum viventium, voU. 1-3. Lipsi83,

1848-53, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. — Monographia Pneumopomorum viventium. Casselis, 1852, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. . Supplem. 1. lb. 1858, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. Ixxix

Titles. Donors.

Pfeiffer (L.) Monographia Auriculaceorum viventium. Casselis, 1856, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Pliilippi (E. A.) Enumeratio Molluscorum SicilisB. — Vol. 1, Bero- liiii, 1836, 4to.— Vol. 2, Halis Saxonum, 1844, 4to.

H. Cumin a, Esq., F.L.S.

Die Kreiselschnecken oder Trochoiden. (Gattungen Turbo,

Trochus, &c.) Nilrnberg, 1846, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekann-

ter Conchylien. Band. 1-3. Cassel, 1845-51, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Handbucb der Concbyliologie und Malaco-zoologie. Halle,

1853, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Planchon (J. E.) De la concordance entre les formes, la structure,

les affinites des plantes, et leurs propriet6s medicinales. Mont-

pellier, 1851, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Poech (Jos.) Enumeratio Plantarum hucusque cognitarum Insulie

Cypri. Vindobonse, 1842, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Poey (F.) Memorias sobre la Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba,

tomo 1. Habana, 1851, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Porter (Eev. J. S.) On the Metrical Systems of "Weights and

Measures. London, 1859, 8vo. Jas. Yates, Esq., F.E. & L.S.

Pouchet (F. A.) Theorie positive de la fecondation des Mammi-

feres. Paris, 1842, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eaifeneau-Delile ( ) Centurie de plantes d'Afrique, recueillies

par M. Cailliaud. Paris, 1826. 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eafinesque (C. S.) Monograph of fluviatile Bivalve Shells of the

Eiver Ohio. Philadelphia, 1832, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Easpail ( ) Memoire concernant I'ouverture que Grew a decrite

'..sur le Test des graines ; et Notice sur le genre Pontederia.

(Mem. du Mus., tome 14.) 1827, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq. Sec. L.S.

Eeeve (L.) Conchologia Iconica : Monographs of the genera Ca-

lyptrsea, Columbella, Crenatula, Crucibulum, Janthina, Litho-

domus, Littorina, Malleus, Meta, Modiola, Mytilus, Pedum,

Perna, Pinna, Trochita, Umbrella, and Vulsella. London,

1857-58, 4to. The Author.

Eeinhardt (J. T.) & Prosch (V.) On Sciadephorus Miilleri. Kjo-

benhavn, 1846, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Eemy (E. J.) Monografia delas Compuestas de Chili. Paris, 1849,

8vo. (Laminas, Ih. 1848, 4to.) J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

ixxx additioifs to the libeart.

Titles. Donoes.

Kemy (E. J.) Observations sur les Composees de laPlore du Chili.

(Ann. Sc. Nat., tome 12.) 1849,8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Richard (A.) Nouveaux elemens de Botanique. Paris, 1819, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Botanique Medicale. 2 tomes. Ih. 1823, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Tentamen Elorse Abyssinicae. Vol. 2. Ih. 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Icones. Ih. fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Monographic des Orchidees des lies de Erance et de Bour-

bon. Ih. 1828, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

E-ichard (L. C.) De Orchideis europseis annotationes. Parisiis,

1817, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eichard (L. C. & Ach.) Memoires sur les Coniferes. Stuttgard,

1826, fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Bitter (C.) Ueber die Geographische Yerbreitung des Zucker-

rohrs. Berlin, 1840, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Roeper (J.) Elora Mecklenburgs, Theil 1. Rostock, 1843, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Eondot (N.) Notice du Yert de Chine et de la teinture en vert chez les Chinois. Paris, 1858, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Roper (F. C. S.) Observations on the Diatomacese of the Thames.

1854, 8vo. The Author.

Notes on New Specix:^ and Yarieties of British DiatomacesB.

8vo. The Author.

On the genus Biddulphia and its affinities. 1858, 8vo.

The Author. Rossmassler (E. A.) Iconographie der Land- und Siisswasser- MoUusken, Heft. 1-12. Dresden, 1835-44, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. Royle (J. E.) On the Mustard-tree and Hyssop of Scripture. (Journ. R. Asiat. Soc.) 1844, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Rupprecht (F. J.) Bambuseae. Petropoli, 1839, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Saint Hilaire (Aug. de) Histoire des Plantes les plus remarqua-

bles du Bresil et du Paraguay. Livr. 1-3. Paris, 1824, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Yoyage dans le District des Diamans et sur le littoral du

Bresil. 2 tomes. Ih. 1833, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

additions to the library, ixxxl

Titles. Donors,

Saint Hilaire (Aug. de) & Moquin-Tandon (Alpli.) 1^ Memoire

sur les Polygalees. (Mem. du Mus., tome 17.) 1828, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Saint Hilaire (Greof.) Cours de THistoire JSTaturelle des Mammi-

feres. Paris, 1829, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

8avi (Paolo) Sulla Salvinia natans. (Bibl. Ital., tomo 20.) Mi-

lano, 8vo, J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Continuazione delle Bioerche suUa Eecondazione della Sal- vinia natans. 1834, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Sul Citrus Hystrix e sul C. salicifolia. (Atti Accad. Georg.

di Eirenze, vol. 15.) 1837, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S, Say (Th.) American Conchoiogy. New Harmony, 1830, 8vo.

H. CUMIN&, Esq., E.L.S. Scheeffer (J. C.) Erste Yersucbe mit Schnecken. itegensburg,

1768, 4to, H. CrMiNG, Esq., E.L.S.

Schauer (J. C.) Monographia Myrtacearum Xerocarpicarum.

Sect, 1. Chamaelauciearum. (Acta Acad. Nat, Cur,, voL 19,

suppl. 2.) 1841, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S,

Schembri (Ant.) Catalogo Ornitologico del gruppo di Malta.

Malta, 1843, 8vo. J. J, Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Scbimper (W. P.) Versucb einer Entwickelungsgeschicbte der

Torf-moose (Sphagnum). Stuttgart, 1858, fol. The Author, Scbleiden (M. J.) Ueber Bildung des Eicbens und Entstebung

des Embryos bei den Phanerogamen. (Acta Acad. Nat. Cur.,

vol. 19.) 1837, 4to, J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec, L.S, Beitrage zur Anatomic der Cacteen. St. Petersburg (1839),

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S,

Progr, de notione folii et caulis. Jense, 1849, 4to,

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Scbleiden (M. J.) & Nageli (Carl) Zeitscbrift fiir Wissenscbaft-

licbe Botanik. Heft 1-4. Zuricb, 1844-7, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Scbleiden (M, J.) & Vogel (Tb.) Beitrage zur Entwickelungs-

gescbicbte der Bliitbentbeile bei den Leguminosen. (Acta Acad.

Nat, Cur., vol. 19.) 1838, 4to. J. J, Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Ueber das Albumen, insbesondere der Leguminosen,

(lb., vol, 19.) 1842, 4to, J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S,

Schneider (J. Gr.) Erster Beytrag zur Naturgeschichte der Scbild-

kroten, Leipzig, 1787, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Historia Ampbibiorum, Ease. 1 & 2. Jense, 1799-1801, 8vo.

T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

LINN. PROO. /'

Ixxxii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donors.

Schott (H.) & Endlicher (S.) Meletemata Botanica. Fasc. 1.

Yindobonae, 1832, fol. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Schroeter (J. S.) Einleitung in die Conchy lien-keniitniss,nachLinne.

Btinde 1-3. Halle, 1783-6, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S. Schwaegrichen (F.) Species Muscorum Erondosorum. Pars 1.

Berolini, 1830, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Seemann (B.) Eeise um die Welt ; und drei Eahrten der K.

Brit. Eregatte 'Herald' nach dem N. Polarmeere in 1845-51.

2 Bande. Hannover, 1853, 8vo. The Author. Die Volksnamen der Amerikanischen Pflanzen. Ih. 1851,

8vo. The Author.

Die in Europa eingefuhrten Acacien. Ih. 1852, 8vo.

The Author. Popular History of the Palms and their AlKes. London,

1856, 12mo. The Author.

Siebold (P. E. von) & Hoffmann (J.) Ueber den Botanischen

Ursprung des Sternanises. Leiden, 1837, 8vo.

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collegit Dr. de Siebold genera nova. Ease. 1. (Abh. Acad.

Wiss. Miinch., Bd. 3.) 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Smyth (P.) Beport on the Teneriffe Astronomical Experiment of

1856. London, 1858, 4to.

The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Sonnini (C. S.) & Latreille (P. A.) Histoiie Naturelle des Eeptiles.

Tomes 1-4. Paris, An X. 12mo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S. Sowerby (Gr.B.) Catalogue (priced) of the Shells contained in the

Collection of the late Earl of Tankerville. London, 1825, 8vo.

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Conchological Manual. 2nd edition. Ih. 1842, 8vo.

H. CuMiNO, Esq., E.L.S.

Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Part 19. Ih. 1859, 8vo.

Sowerby (J. E.) & Johnson (C. P.) British Wild Flowers. Parts

1-7. Ih. 1858-9, 8vo. J. E. Sowerby, Esq.

Spix (J. B. de) & Wagner (J. A.) Testacea fluviatilia Brasiliae.

Monachii, 1827, 4to. H. Cuming, Esq.,F.L.S.

Spruce (E.) The Musci and Hepaticse of the Pyrenees. (Trans.

Bot. Soc. Ed., vol. 3.) 1849, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Stainton (H. T.) <fec. Natural History of the Tineina. Vol. 3. Lon- don, 1858, 8vo. The Author.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBBART. Ixxxiii

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Staiutou (H. T.) Ed. Entomologist's Annual for 1859. lb. 1859,

12mo. The Editoe.

Steven (C.) Monographia Pedieularis. (Acta Soc. Caes. Nat.

Scrutat., torn. 6.) 1822, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Suminski, v. Leszczyc-^ummski.

Swainson (W.) Zoological Illustrations. 2ud series. 3 vols. (Birds, Insects, and Shells). London, 1832-3, 8vo.

H. Cfmino, Esq., F.L.S.

Botanical Eeport on Victoria. Melbourne, 1853, fol.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Swallow (J. C.) The Eocks of Kansas. St. Louis, 1858, 8vo.

The Authoe. Descriptions of new Fossils from the Coal-Measures of Mis- souri and Kansas. Ih. 1858, 8vo. - The Authoe. Tenore (M.) Memoria sopra una specie di Squadro, &c. 1809, 8vo. The Authoe.

Suir Acero di Lobel. 1823, 4to. The Authoe.

Sopra due piante esotiche (Thuja pyramidalis et Dracaena

Boerhaavii). 1824, 4to. The Authoe.

SuUe sue peregrinazioni botaniche nella Provincia di Napoli

nel 1825, &c. 1825, 4to. The Authoe. SuUe specie e varieta di Crochi della Flora Napolitana.

Napoli, 1826, 4to. The Authoe.

Sopra tre nuove specie di piante racolte nel viaggio fatto in

Preglia in 1827. 1827, 4to. The Authoe. Essai sur la Geographic physique et botanique du Eoyaume

de Naples. Naples, 1827, Svo. The Authoe.

Memoria sul Pruno Cocumiglia di Calabria. Ih. 1828, 4to.

The Authoe.

Sopra diverse specie del genere Musa. Ih. 1 830, 4to.

The Authoe. Se la voce TJlva denotasse presso gli Antichi la generalita

deUe piante aquatiche, &c. Ih. 1831, 4to. The Authoe. Bagguagli di alcune peregrinazioni in diversi luoghi di Na-

poli e di Terra di Lavoro, in 1832. 8vo. The Authoe.

Memoria su di una nuova Felce e su varie altre specie.

Napoli, 1832, 4to. The Authoe.

— SuUe varie specie e varieta di Cotone coltivate nel Eegno di Napoli. Ih. 1839, 4to. The Authoe.

— Sul Garofolo aereo (Tillandsia) . Ih. 1842, 4to.

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Ixxxiv ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAIlT.

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Tenore (M.) Eicerche sulF Arancio fdtifero. Modena, 1843, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Catalogo del E. Orto Botanico di Napoli. Napoli, 1845,

4to. The Authoe,

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J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Due lettere, con alcune notizie suU' Isola d' Ischia. Napoli,

1858, 8vo. The Afthoe.

Terver ( ) Catalogue des Mollusques... observes au Nord de

TAfrique. Paris, 1839, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Thuret (Gr.) Sur les organes locomoteurs des spores des Algue&.

(Ann. Sc. Nat. 1843.) 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Thwaites (Q-. H. K.) Eeport on the Eoyal Botanic Gardens

at Peradenia. Colombo, 1856, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Thwaites (Gr. H. K.) & Hooker (J. D.) Enumeratio Plantarum

Zeylani8&. Parti. London, 1858, 8vo. TnEArTHOES?

Tiedemann (E.) Zoologie : zu seinen Yorlesungen entworfen.

Band 1. Landsbut, 1808, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

— Anatomic du Cerveau ; traduit par A. J. L. Jourdan. Paris,

1823, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S. Traite complet de Physiologic de I'Homme ; trad, par A. J.L.

Jourdan. Ih. 1831, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Tiedemann (E.) & Gmelin (L.) Eecherches ... sur la Digestion,

consideree dans les quatre classes d' Animaux Yertebres. Paris,

1826-7, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Tineo (V.) Plantarum rariorum Sicilise. Ease. 1 & 2. Panormi,

1846, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Torrey (J.) Plantae Eremontianse. Washington, 1853, 4to.

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Observations on the Batis maritima, L. Ih. 1853, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. On the Darlingtonia calif ornica, a new Pitcher-plant. lb.

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Torrey (J.) & Gray (A.) Elora of North America. Vol. 1, &

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J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Trattinnick (L.) Genera nova Plantarum. Ease. 1. Yiennae,

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ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEART. IxXXV

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Treviranus (L. C.) Die Anwendung des Holzschnittes zur Bild-

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cotalle. Padova, 1848, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Trinius (C.B.) Enndamenta Agrostographise. Viennae, 1820, 8vo.

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4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Memoire pour servir a I'histoire organographique, &c., des

Lichenes. Paris, 1852, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Memoire sur I'Ergot des Glumacees. (Ann. Sc. Nat.,

1853.) 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Nouvelles etudes d'Embryogenie Vegetale. {lb. 1855.) 870.

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Monographia Monimiacearum. Parisiis, 1855, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Turczaninow (N.) Elora Baicalensi-Daliurica. Pars 1. Mosquae,

1842-5, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Turner (D.) Memoir of Joseph Arnold, M.D. Ipswich, 1849,

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Turpin (J. P. P.) Observations sur la famille des Cactees. Paris,

1830, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Turpin (P. J. E.) Organographie Vegetale. Observations sur

quelques Vegetaux Microscopiques, &c. (Mem. du Mus. d'Hist.

Nat., tom. 14.) Paris, 1827, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S» Observations Microscopiques sur I'organisation

tissulaire, &c., de la Truffe comestible. (75., tom. 15.) 1827,

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Observations sur les Corps propagateurs ve-

getaux, &c. {Ih., tom. 16.) 1828, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S» Observations sur quelques productions marines,... considerees

comme des Animalcules. {Ih., tom. 15.) 1827, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Aper9u organographique sur le nombre deux. {Ih., tom. 16.)

1828, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Organographie microscopique, &c. des Yegetaux. Sur Tori-

gine, &c., du Tissu celliilaire. {Ih., tom. 18.) 1829, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ixxxvi ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAEY.

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Turpin (P. J. E.) Memoire sur F organisation... des tubercules du

Solanum tuberosum et de I'Helianthus tuberosus. {Ih., torn. 19.)

1830, 4to. J. J. Eefnett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Notice sur les Usurpations vegetales. 1833, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Examen d'une Monstruosite sur I'inflorescence du Saule

Marceau. Paris, 1833, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Memoire de Nosologic Vegetale. (Mem. de Sav. Etr.,

tom. 6.) 1835, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Observations gener. sur 1' Organogenic et la Physiologic des

Yegetaux. (Mem. de I'lnstitut, tom. 14.) Paris, 1835, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

— Memoire sur... les tissus cellul aires de la Pomme et de la Poire. (75., tom. 17.) 1838, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

— Memoire sur la cause, &c. de la Fermentation alcoolique et aceteuse. (7&.,tom.l7.) 1838, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eecherches microscopiques sur divers Laits de Vaclies...af-

fectees de la maladie../ Cocote.' (J5., tom. 17.) 1839, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Observations sur un organe nouveau...le JBiforine. 1836,

4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Esquisse d'Organographie Vegetale. Paris, 1837, fol.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Turton (W.) Manual of Land and Ereshwater Shells. New edit.

by J..E. Gray. London, 1840, 8vo. H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Conchylia Dithyra Insularum Britannicarum. lb. 1848, 4to.

H.Cuming, Esq., F.L.S. linger (F.) Ueber Krystallbildungen in dem Pflanzenzellen. 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Parasitischen Pflanzen. 1*^'

Theil. 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

DTrville (J.) Flore des lies Malouines. Paris, 1825, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Viguier (L. Gr. A.) Histoire naturelle, medicale, &c., des Pavots et des Argemones. Montpellier, 1814, 4to.

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Visiani (Rob. de) Illustrazione delle piante nuove o rare dell' Orto

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56, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Del Metodo . . . che si usano nell' Orto Bot. di Padova per

la cultura . . . della Vaniglia. Venezia, 1844, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRAET. IxXXvii

Titles. Donoes.

Viviani (D.) Delia struttura degli organi elementari nelle piante, &c. Geneva, 1831, 8vo. Tavole, 4to.

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Wagler (J.) Natiirliches System der Amphibien. Miincheii, &c.,

1830, 8vo. T. Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

"Wallich (N.) Descriptions of two new species of Sarcolobus, and

of some other Indian Plants. (Asiat. E-es., vol. 12.) 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Watson (H. C.) Cybele Britannica. 4 vols. London, 1847-59, 8vo. The Atjthoe.

Weddell (H. A.) Histoire Naturelle des Quinquinas : ou Mono- graphic du genre Cinchona. Paris, 1849, fol.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Chloris Andina. Vol. 2, livr. 2. Paris, 1855, 4to.

The Author. Weiss (Ad.) Studien aus der Natur. Troppau, 1858, 8vo.

The Atjthoe.

Ueber ein neues Yorkommen der Spaltoffnungen, &c. 1857,

8vo. The Authoe.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Spaltoffnungen. 1857, 8vo.

The Atjthoe. Ueber die Entwickelungsgeschichte, &c., der handformigen

Auswiichse an den Blattem, &c. von Gireoudia manicata,

Klotzsch. 1858, 8vo. The Atjthoe.

West (T.) On some conditions of the Cell-wall in the Petals of

Flowers. 8vo. The Atjthoe.

Wood (W.) & Hanley (S.) Index Testaceologicus. London,

1856, 8vo. H. CuMiNO, Esq., E.L.S.

Woodarch (C.) Introduction to . . . Conchology. London, 1820,

8vo. H. Ctjmino, Esq., E.L.S.

Wydler (H.) Essai monographique sur le genre Scrofularia.

Geneve, 1828, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Yates (J.) On the Mining Operations of the Eomans in Britain.

Taunton, 1859, 8vo. The Afthoe.

Zuccarini (J. G.) Monographic der Amerikanischen OxaHs-

arten. Miinchen, 1825, 4to. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. Ueber einige Pflanzen aus den Gattungen Agave und Four-

croya. (Acta Acad. Nat. Cur., vol. 16.) 1833, 4to.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Ixxxviii

DONATIONS

TO THE

MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

{^Continued from vol. \\\. page bdi.]

Donations. Donors.

An extensive Collection of Dried Plants, formed in Java in the

years 1802-18, by the late Thomas Horsfield, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.

The Hon. Cottiit of Dieectoes op the E. I. Company.

An extensive Collection of Australian and Tasmanian Plants,

formed by Dr. F. Miiller. De. Eeedinand Mullee, E.L.S.

Dried Plants selected from the Collections made by the late H. S,

Eox, Esq., in Brazil and Buenos Ayres.

C. J. E. BuNBUET, Esq., F.L.S. The Herbarium of the late Dr. T. Bell Salter, E.L.S., of Eyde, Isle of Wight. S. J. A. Saltee, Esq., M.B., E.L.S.

The valuable Collection of British Algce formed by the late Mrs. G-riffith of Torquay. The Subsceibees.

A Collection of British Mosses, chiefly from N. Wales and Derby- shire, formed by Wm. Valentine, Esq., E.L.S.

N. B. Waed, Esq., E.E.S. & L.S. A Collection of British Algcs^ formed by Dr. Cocks of Plymouth,

The Subsceibees.

Cones of Araucaria Bidwilli and Pinus Lambertiana ; Capsule of

Uncaria procvmbens, &c. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Miniature of John Hedwig, M.D., Professor of Botany at Leipzig ;

set in a ring, which was forwarded by his son, in 1802, to Sir

James E. Smith.

Eeancis Boott, Esq., M.D., V.P. and Treas. L.S. Miniature, by Wageman, of the late Mr. James Dickson, E.L.S.

The late E. Chambees, Esq., E.L.S.

JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

On tlie dermal armour of Jacare and Caiman, witli notes on the Specific and Greneric Characters of recent Crocodilia. By T. H. Hfxlet, Esq., P.E.S., P.L.S., Prof, of Nat. History, Grov. School of Mines.

[Read Feb. I7tli, 1859.]

In the course of a recent investigation into the nature of the singu- lar extinct reptile, Stagonolepis, I was led to inquire somewhat minutely into the character of the exoskeleton, or dermal armour, of the existing Crocodilia. To my surprise, I found that very little detailed information on this subject was to be obtained from the standard repertories of Comparative Anatomy, or even from the special monographs on Crocodilian structure and classification ; but I was still more astonished to discover, among whole genera of recent Crocodilia, an exoskeleton possessed of characters such as have been universally supposed to be peculiar to long extinct forms of the order, and whose existence in any recent species has hitherto, so far as I can ascertain, been completely overlooked.

The attempt to discover the limits within which this remarkable exoskeleton is to be found, led me to look, more critically than I had previously done, into the arrangement and specific characteriza- tion of the recent Crocodilia. I have thereby arrived at results which, imperfect as they are, may be of service by leading others to inquire into the exact characters of species not at present within my

LINN. PBGC. — ZOOLOGY. 1

I PROF. HUXLEY ON TKE SPECIFIC AND GENERIC

reach ; and I therefore propose to preface my account of the pecu- liarities of the exoskeleton in two of the genera of recent Croco- diles with some remarks on the classification of the group, and with a few notes upon the characters of the species and the limits of the genera.

Everyone is acquainted with the great improvement effected in this branch of Herpetology by Cuvier, who divided the Crocodiles, which he regarded as constituting only a single genus, into the three subgenera Alligatores, Crocodili, and Longirostres. Subse- quent writers have admitted these highly natural subdivisions ; but there has been a constant tendency to raise their rank. The genus Crocodiltis has become the order Croeodilia ; the subgenera Alligatores, &e., have been elevated into families ; Dr. G-ray has shown that the Alligatores must be divided into three genera, and that there are at least two genera of Crocodili ; and, while one of Cuvier's species of Longirostres has been suppressed, the group is very generally retained with a changed name {Gavialis), sl very important addition having been made to it in the Crocodilus Schlegelii of Miiller and Schlegel.

Unless the considerable materials contained in the British Museum, the Hunterian collection, the collection of Dr. Grant, and the Christchurch Museum at Oxford had been freely placed at my disposal, I should have been wholly unable to acquire the information contained in the following pages. It is only right, therefore, that I should take this opportunity of offering my thanks to my friends Dr. Gray, Prof. Quekett, Dr. Grant, and Dr. B-oUeston for the many facilities they have liberally afibrded me.

The recent species of the order Croeodilia are divisible into three families, which correspond with the original subgenera of Cuvier, and may be termed the Alligatoridcd, the CrocodilidcB, and the GavialidcB.

I. In the Alligatoridje the teeth are strong and unequal, and the posterior ones differ greatly in shape from the anterior. The anterior pair of mandibular teeth, and the fourth pair (or the so- called canines) are receivedinto pits in the margins of the premaxilla and maxilla ; while the mandibular teeth behind these pass inside, and not between, the maxillary teeth. The mandibular symphysis does not extend back beyond the level of the fifth tooth, and often not nearly so far. The line of the premaxillo-maxillary suture on the palate is straight, or convex forwards. The wide posterior nares look downwards, and are situated forwards on the palate.

CHARACTERS OF RECENT CROCODILIA. 3

This family embraces three genera, readily distinguishable by osteological characters — Alligator, Caiman, and Jacare.

Grenus 1. ALLieATOR.

Dental formula, ^^Ei^. 9th maxillary tooth the largest of its series. The snout is very broad, flattened, and rounded at the end. There is an indistinct longitudinal inter orbital ridge ; and there are two short ridges along the line of junction of the pre- frontal and lachrymal bones. The aperture of the external nares is divided into two parts, by the prolongation forwards of the nasal bones. The suprortemporal foss89 are well-marked and open, though not large. The vomers do not appear in the palate. The feet are well webbed. The dorsal bony scutes are not articulated together ; and there are no ventral scutes.

This genus contains only one species, the well-known Alligator Mississipiemis, or lucitts, which is exclusively North American.

Cuvier (Oss. Poss. ed. 4. vol. ix. p. 211) gives the appearance of the vomer in the palate as a general character of the Alligator es ; but this bone is not visible in the palate of any of those Alligatores which Cuvier would have referred to his A. lucius or A.jpalpebrosus, and which form the genera Alligator and Caiman as here defined. The vomers are in fact as slender and delicate as in the Crocodile, and extend only between the level of the tenth maxillary tooth an- teriorly and the descending processes of the prefrontal posteriorly.

What may be called the median nares, or the arch formed by the postero-lateral part of the vomer and the anterior and superior lamina of the palatine bone on each side (which would constitute the posterior boundary of the posterior nares, if the palatine and pterygoid bones gave off no inferior or palatine processes), are situated nearly on a level with the twelfth tooth, or with the palato-maxillary suture.

Genus 2. Caimais^.

Dental formula ?^^ (Natterer). The face is without median

or transverse ridges, but it is sharply angulated along a line which extends from the orbit forwards along the side^ of the snout. The anterior nasal aperture is undivided in the dry skull. The vomers do not appear in the palate. The supj'a-temporal fossae are obli- terated, the circumjacent bones uniting over them. The webs of the feet are rudimentary. The dorsal scutes are articulated to- gether by lateral sutures and anterior and posterior facets ; and there is a ventral shield, consisting of similarly articulated scutes.

1*

4 PEOF. HUXLEY ON THE SPECIFIC AND GENEEIC

Natterer* has described three species of Caiman — C. palpehro- sus, 0. trigonatus, and C. gibUceps. The Caimans abound chiefly in tropical South America ; but they are found as far north as Mexico, a specimen of G. paVpebrosus in Dr. Grant's collection coming from that country.

Genus 3. Jaoaee.

The snout is broad, and rounded at the endf. Each prefrontal bone is traversed close to its anterior extremity by the ends of a strong transverse ridge, which then curve round and pass forwards on the lachrymal and maxillary bones, to subside opposite the ninth tooth. The anterior nasal aperture is not divided by bone. The vomers, separated by a longitudinal suture, appear in the palate between the premaxillaries and the palatine plates of the maxillaries. The temporal fossae, though not large, are open. The webs of the feet are small. The dorsal scutes are articulated together, as in the preceding genus ; and there are similarly-arti- culated ventral scutes. There are 18-20 teeth on each side, above and below ; and the fourth tooth in the upper jaw is the largest. The mandibular symphysis extends back nearly to the fifth tooth. In a skull of Jaca/re (Jissipes ?), 19 inches long, in the British Museum, I find that part of the vomer which is visible in the palate to be a rhomboidal plate, somewhat truncated anteriorly, and rather more than 1|- inch long and 1 inch wide. Its anterior end comes within |ths of an inch of the posterior margin of the an- terior palatal foramen. Its posterior margin reaches to the level of the eighth tooth. The visible portion of each vomer is only its anterior end, which forms a thick and solid wedge-shaped plate, broader in front than behind, and articulating by a rough anterior and outer face with the premaxiUa, by an obliquely ridged pos- terior and outer face with the maxilla, and by its internal face with its fellow. Its upper, rounded surface projects but little into the nasal passage. 2^ inches behind its anterior end, the posterior and upper extremity of the vomer passes into a thin and narrow plate of bone, whose plane is at first inclined at an angle of 45° to that of the anterior part of the bone, but gradually becomes vertical ; as it does so it deepens, until, 3 inches behind

* " Beitrag zur nalieren Kemitniss der Sudamerikanischen AUigatoren," -* Annalen des Wiener Mus.,' Band i.

t According to jSTatterer, the dental formula of J. nigra and J.fissipes is

^!^^^^^, of J. schrops ^-^— !^, of J. vallifrons and J. punctulata , o^.

ig_18' r 20—20' '' ^ 18—18

CHARACTERS OF RECENT CROCODILTA. 5

the anterior extremity, the vomer is a thin vertical plate of bone, fths of an inch deep, which articulates below with the palatine plate of tlie maxilla, and, about 1 inch behind this, with the pala- tine plate of the palatine bone. The upper edge of this plate nowhere extends to one-third of the height of the nasal chamber. It gives off a horizontal process outwards, which, gradually increasing in width, inclines downwards until it comes into contact, first, with the inner surface of the maxilla, and, f ths of an inch behind this, with the nasal plate of the palatine bone. In front of its junction with the maxilla, the horizontal plate of the vomer presents a long free edge, concave externally ; and this bounds the median nares internally and posteriorly. Throughout its junction with the maxilla, the horizontal plate is parallel-sided ; but after it joins the palatine bone, it gradually narrows posteriorly, in consequence of the gradual increase in width of the palatine, and ends almost in a point, 6| inches behind its anterior end. The posterior edge of the vertical plate is extremely thin, and |-ths of an inch deep. It articulates with the anterior end of the vertical plate of the ptery- goid, while the straight inferior edge articulates throughout with the palatine plate of the palatine bone. The vomers terminate midway between the median nares and the descending process of the prefrontal. The median nares are bounded entirely by the vomer and the maxilla. They correspond with the nasal face of the palato-maxillary suture, but are rather behind its palatine face, and they are about on a level with the interval between the tenth and eleventh teeth. If the anterior edge of the palatine bone bounded them, they would be a little behind the twelfth tooth. The posterior nares, 2^ inches wide, by |-ths of an inch long, look altogether downwards, are completely divided by a bony septum, and have the form of a rhomboid with its narrowest side posterior. They are surrounded by a strong raised ridge, incom- plete only at the anterior and outer angles of the rhomboid.

rive species oi Jacare are enumerated by batterer — J.Jissipes, J. sclerops, J. nigra, J, punctulata, and J. vallifrons. They have met with only in South America.

II. In the family of the Crocodilid^ the teeth are usually strong and very unequal in size, and there is always a considerable difference between the anterior and the posterior teeth. The two anterior mandibular teeth are received into pits in the premax- illa ; but the canines pass into grooves (which may be converted into fossae) situated at the junction of the premaxilla and maxilla.

6 PEOF. HUXLET ON THE SPECiriC Al^TD GENERIC

The other mandibular teeth are received between the maxillary- teeth. The symphysis of the lower jaw does not extend beyond the level of the seventh or the eighth mandibular tooth. The premaxillo-maxillary suture may be either straight or strongly convex backwards. The divided vomers do not appear in the palate. The posterior nares look more or less backwards, and are transversely elongated. The supra-temporal fossse are always open, and the feet are distinctly webbed. The dorsal scutes are not articulated ; and there are no ventral scutes.

Two genera, Crocodilus and Meeistops, are distinguishable in this family.

Genus 4. Cbocodiltjs.

The teeth are always strong and very unequal, the strongest in the upper jaw being the tenth. The mandibular symphysis does not extend beyond the level of the sixth tooth. There are usually six cervical scutes, in two rows, or forming a rhomb, and separated by a distinct interval from the tergal scutes. There are 18 or 19 teeth above, and 15 below, on each side.

1. Crocodilus vulgaris.

As Cuvier has remarked, it is extremely difficult to find good distinctive characters for all the species of this genus. My first difficidty was to ascertain the precise characters of that species which has been misnamed vulgaris, inasmuch as I could find neither in the British Museum, nor in the Museum of the Eoyal College of Surgeons, any authentic skeleton or skull of this, the so-called Nilotic Crocodile. This difficulty subsisted up to the time that the chief statements contained in the present essay were laid before the Linnean Society ; but since then I have been en- abled, by Dr. Grray's permission, to examine the skull of a small stuffed specimen, brought to this country from Egypt by Sir Gardner Wilkinson, and to study the splendid entire skeleton of a Crocodilus vulgaris in the Christchui'ch Museum at Oxford, pre- sented to that Institution by the gentlemen who shot it on the Nile, and set up with great care under the auspices of my friend Dr. Bolleston, Lee's Eeader in Anatomy and Curator of the Museum. Fortunately the entire skin has been preserved ; so that this is the most complete record of the hard parts of any individual crocodile with which I am acquainted, besides